1. Describe The Components Of Computer-based Information Systems.

1. Describe the components of Computer-based information systems.

A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system in which the computer plays a major role. Such a system consists of the following elements: • Hardware: The term hardware refers to machinery. This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipments. Among the support equipments are input and output devices, storage device and communications devices. • Software: The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the CBIS to function in ways that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input / output mediumoften a disk or tape. . • Procedures: procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. "Procedures are to people what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a CBIS. • People: Every CBIS needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most over-looked element of the CBIS is the people: probably the components that most influence the success 2. Describe various types of information systems by breadth of support.

Answer No.2 Types of information systems by breadth of support Functional Area Information System Functional area information systems or departmental information systems • function: Support the activities within specific functional areas. • Example: System for processing payroll. Transaction Processing System (TPS) • function: Process transaction data from business events. • Example: Wal-Mart checkout point-of-sale terminal.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System • Function: Integrate all functional areas of the organization. • Example: Oracle, SAP Inter organizational Information System Inter organizational information systems (IOS) are information systems that connect two or more organizations and support inter organizational operations such as supply chain management. Function: Manage flows of products, services andω information among organizations. Example: Wal-Mart Retail Link Systemω connecting suppliers to Wal-Mart. Supply chain describes the flow ofω materials, information, money and services from raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers. Electronic Commerce Systems Function: Enable transactions among organizations and betweenω organizations and customers. Business-to-Business (B2B) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Example: www.dell.com

3. Differentiate between information technology infrastructure and information technology architecture. •

Information Architecture is a field and approach to designing clear, understandable communications by giving care to structure, context, and presentation of data and information. Particularly refers to websites and intranets, including la belling and navigation schemes.

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An information technology infrastructure however, is the base or foundation for the delivery of information to support programs and management (of an agency for example). The infrastructure contains elements upon which an agency's information technology activities are dependent. An agency must therefore define, implement, and manage these infrastructure elements to successfully employ information technology.

4. Identify the major information systems that support each organizational level

Answer No.4 The six major types of information systems corresponding to each organizational level are: • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): serve the operational level of an organization. • Knowledge work systems (KWS) • Office automation systems (OAS) to serve the knowledge level of an organization. • Decision-support systems (DSS) • Management information systems (MIS) serve the management level of the Organization. • Executive support systems (ESS) serve the strategic level of an organization

Answer No.4 The six major types of information systems corresponding to each organizational level are: • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): serve the operational level of an organization. • Knowledge work systems (KWS) • Office automation systems (OAS) to serve the knowledge level of an organization. • Decision-support systems (DSS) • Management information systems (MIS) serve the management level of the organization. • Executive support systems (ESS) serve the strategic level of an organization