Airport Layout And Airport Terminal

AIRPORT SERVICES & FACILITIES

What is an AIRPORT? • A public facility where aircraft can take off and land.

• Consists of runways, taxiways, aprons and other facilities. • Usually owned and/or operated by the national government. • Private airports

Airport • An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, take off and land.

• Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport. • An airport consists of at least one surface such as runway for a plane to take off and land, a helipad, on land or water for takeoffs and landings, and often includes buildings such as control towers, hangars and terminal buildings.

What means by AIRPPORT • An airport is a location where aircraft such as airplanes, helicopters take off and land. • Aircraft may also be stored or maintained at an airport. • An airport should have runway for takeoffs and landings, buildings such as hangars and terminal buildings.

Definition • AIRFIELD is an area where an aircraft can land and take off, which may or may not be equipped with any navigational aids or markings. Many grass strips are also designated as airfields.

What is Aerodromes? • AERODROMES • A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.

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What means by AIRPPORT • An airport is a facility where passengers connect from ground transportation to air transportation.

Airlines

• An organization that provides scheduled flights for passengers or cargo.

AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES • Air traffic services help in navigating aircraft while landing, taking off, flying in the air, over-flying any country, taxing on the ground and parking • They provide a discipline in the air and also on the ground and maintain safety

• The services are provided by using modern equipment including radars

REGULATION AND POLICIES

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

The International Civil Aviation Organization • The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to

ensure safe and orderly growth.

REGULATION AND POLICIES IN TUNISIA:

• General Department of Civil Aviation (DGAC) • Civil Aviation and Airport Agency (OACA)

DGAC Documents

A.I.P Aeronautical Information Publication

Airports International Airports

Types of Airports Domestic Airports

Regional Airports

International Airports • An international airport has direct service to many other airports. • Handle scheduled commercial airlines both for passengers and cargo.

• Many international airports also serve as "HUBS", or places where non-direct flights may land and passengers switch planes.

International Airports • Typically equipped with customs and immigration facilities to handle international flights to and from other countries. • Such airports are usually larger, and often feature longer runways and facilities to accommodate the large aircraft. (FBO, MRO etc..)

O’Hare International Airport – Chicago, Illinois, United States

London Heathrow Airport – United Kingdom

Beijing Capital International Airport – China

Hong Kong International Airport – Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong

Incheon International Airport

Domestic Airports • A domestic airport is an airport which handles only domestic flights or flights within the same country. • Domestic airports don't have customs and immigration facilities and are therefore incapable of handling flights to or from a foreign airport. • These airports normally have short runways which are sufficient to handle short/medium haul aircraft.

Regional Airports • A regional airport is an airport serving traffic within a relatively small or lightly populated geographical area. • A regional airport usually does not have customs and immigration facilities to process traffic between countries. • Aircraft using these airports tend to be smaller business jets or private aircraft (general aviation).

Airport Ownerships • Most of the world’s airports are owned by government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport’s operation. • OACA responsibility is to focus on the operations, management and maintenance of Tunisia airports. • The core activities include the management, operation and maintenance as well as development of airports, with primary importance being placed on the operational efficiency, safety and security of passengers, cargo and aircraft operations.

How are airports managed? • There are several divisions to manage each sub organizations at an airport. • These divisions including • Airport operation services (security, fire & rescue & maintenance) • Airport planning and development (engineering) • Airport financial (revenues, business) • The primary objective of each division is to ensure the operational efficiency, safety and security of passengers, cargo and aircraft operations.

Airport Structure

Airport Components • Airspace : Area for aircraft maneuver (after takeoff, before landing)

• Airfield = Aerodromes : Area for aircraft take-off & landing (equipped with required installations & equipments, NavAids, Lighting) • Landside : Area to accommodate the ground-based vehicles, passengers & cargo movements. • Airport Ground Access Plans: Area to accommodate ground based vehicles to and from the near city area & between the various buildings around the airport.

Airport Structure • Airports are divided into landside and airside areas. • Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads.

• Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and ramps. Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airports.

Airport Structure • Passengers on commercial flights access airside areas through terminals, where they can purchase tickets, clear security, check or claim luggage and board aircraft through gates. • The waiting areas which provide passenger access to aircraft are typically called concourses, although this term is often used interchangeably with terminal.

Airport Structure • The area where aircraft park next to a terminal to load passengers and baggage is known as a ramp (or "the tarmac"). • Parking areas for aircraft away from terminals are called aprons. • Airports can be towered or non-towered, depending on air traffic density and available funds. Due to their high capacity and busy airspace, many international airports have air traffic control located on site.

Airport Structure • Airports with international flights have customs and immigration facilities. • International flights often require a higher level of physical security, although in recent years, many countries have adopted the same level of security for international and domestic travel.

AIRPORT STRUCTURES AIRSIDE AREAS: • Runways • Taxiways • Ramps / apron

Runways • A runway (RWY) is a strip of land on an airport, on which aircraft can take off and land. • A runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off. • It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete. • Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a road) and to help them when they are landing or taking off. • Runway markings are white.

Runways • Most runways have numbers on the end. The number is the runway's compass direction. (For example, runway numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360 degrees). • Some airports have more than one runway going in the same direction, so they add letters to the end of the number R for right, C for center, and L for left. • The other end of the runway is pointing in the opposite direction, so it gets a different number. The runway called 36 would be called 18 (for 180 degrees) if you were looking at it from the other end.

Runways • Runways may have other markings besides the end number on them. • They may have white stripes down the middle of them, and solid white lines on the edges. • The most important thing for you to remember about a runway is that it is meant for aircraft use, so you should never drive your vehicle on it, unless you are authorized to do so.

Taxiway & A/C Stands • A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities. They mostly have hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller airports sometimes use gravel or grass. • An aircraft Stand is a portion of an apron designated as a parking for aircraft to embark or disembark passengers, to refuel or to be maintained.

hangar

apron

AIRPORT STRUCTURES LAND SIDE: • Public transport stations • Access Roads

• Parkings

TYPES OF AIRPORTS • Towered • Non-Towered • The TOWER controls the air traffic and monitors the departure / arrival of aircrafts

• Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and in the air.

Concourse / Terminal

Concourse / Terminal • An airport terminal is a building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that allow them to board and disembark from aircraft.

• Within the terminal, passengers purchase tickets, transfer their luggage, and go through security. • The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are typically called concourses. However, the terms "terminal" and "concourse" are sometimes used interchangeably.

Terminal Building Terminal A

building to facilitate the passengers & baggage movements from the landside to the aircraft on airside.

Concourse

• Open space or hall in passenger terminal, used for circulation or waiting. Denver International Airport, Concourse B

Function of Terminal Building • To provide various facilities for crews & passengers move from aircraft or onto aircraft efficiently.

Examples: • Transportation change (ex: from train to plane, from car to plane). • Ticketing process • Customs clearance & immigration control • Shopping, toilets, eating, meeting, business & conference

Airport Terminal Design • Pier/Finger • Satellite • Semicircular • Transporter

Central terminal with pier/finger • Advantages: Centralized Facilities

• Disadvantages: • Congestion in the terminal at peak times. • Long walking distance from terminal to gate.

Central terminal with Satellite Offer high aircraft capacity and simplicity of design. But, long distance from the check-in counter to the gate. Need high speed escalators, monorails or electric-powered carts to reduce walking distances.

Transporter terminal  Passengers are transported to and from the building to the parked airplane.

Semicircular Terminal Advantages: • Short distance • Low cost construction

Incheon Airport

What passengers expect from the terminal

Short walking Distances

Convenience and comfort

Clear Signage

What passengers expect from the terminal

Good airport shopping & eating facilities Short Queues

What passengers expect from the terminal What passengers expect from the terminal ? • Easy Access from road or rail • Efficient Baggage Delivery • Full range of services • Convenient parking, ground transportation • Clean building • Simple procedures that are not confusing • Safe & Secure Environment

Baggage Handling System Functions : Moving passengers baggage • From the check in area to the departure area • From one gate to another during transfers • From the arrival gate to the baggage-claim area.

Goals of the systems Faster Safe

3 Methods of Moving Bags • Tug & Cart • Labor intensive • Manual Method • Telecars • Multiple baggage pieces in one cart • Not automatically sorted • Typically used in automated systems • DCV – Destination Coded Vehicles • Each cart contains a single piece of baggage • Automatically sorted • Little or no human interaction required

Baggage Handling Basics • • • •

DCVs = Destination-coded vehicles Conveyors- Like a local ‘roads’ Automatic Scanner=scan the labels on the baggage Baggage-Like a Passenger

Baggage Handling Process • Check-in: Agents put tag on baggage • Bag’s owner, Flight number, Final destination, Intermediate connections and airlines • Automated bar code scanner • After reading the bar-code, the system will know where that bag is at all times. • Hundred of computers keep tack of the bag.

Baggage Handling Process • Conveyors • Hundreds of conveyors with junctions connecting all of them • Sort all of the bags from all of the different airlines and send them to DCVs that are headed to the proper terminal and gate • DCVs –Destination Coded Vehicles • Headed to proper destination • Move bag quickly (5 times faster than conveyors) • Tracked by computers

IMMIGRATION

• Responsible for

the ADMISSION and REMOVAL of travelers entering the country.

AIRPORT CUSTOMS • An authority or agency responsible for the collection of duties & for controlling the flow of people, animals & goods in and out of the country.

PRE-SECURITY ZONES • Check-In Counters • Retail Stores and Restaurants

POST SECURITY ZONES • Duty Free Shops • Airport Lounges • Baggage Claim

PASSENGER FACILITIES • Banks, Money Changers, & ATMs • Baggage Handling Services (Portage) • Public Telephone Booths • Medical Clinics • Postal Services • Parking

PASSENGER FACILITIES • Special Assistance Services; • Tourist Information • Ground Transportation Services

AIRPORT AREAS

AIRPORT AREAS

INSIDE THE AIRPORT

INSIDE THE AIRPORT

INSIDE THE AIRPORT

INSIDE THE AIRPORT

Chocks

TOW TRUCK / PUSHBACK TUG

TOW BAR / PUSHBACK PINS

MARSHALLER AND FOLLOW ME VAN

CRASH TENDER / FOAM TENDER / FIRE ENGINE

FUEL (REFUELING) TRUCK / REFUELER

FUEL DISPENSER / PUMP VEHICLE

AIRSTAIRS / MOBILE PASSENGER STAIRS

BAGGAGE TRUCK (TRAIN) / BAGGAGE TRAILER BAGGAGE CARTS

Belt Loader / Conveyor belt

TOWABLE POWER UNIT

CATERING TRUCK

Container transporter

Lavatory Service Truck

Deicer

Air Traffic Control

Step 7:Landing The pilot receives clearance from the Local Controller in the airport's control tower to land on a designated runway. Upon touching down, the flight is then handed off to Ground Control.

 The Ground Controller directs the pilot across the taxiways to its destination gate at the terminal.

The End