Architectural Design

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Introduction to Design

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Authorship + Disclaimer This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

COURSE OUTLINE This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

COURSE OUTLINE Desired Learning Outcomes (DLO) At the end of the unit, the students must have: 1. Learned the nature of architecture and discover their ability to manipulate basic forms and shapes as basis of architectural form. 2. Learned the basis of architectural design, discover shapes and its translation into mass and form.

3. Expressed their creativity and skill through manipulation of shapes and forms to achieve an architectural composition.

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COURSE OUTLINE Course Content / Subject Matter 1. Basic form manipulation. 2. Design exercises stressing depth and volume. 3. Basic elements and principles of design application.

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COURSE OUTLINE Textbook / References Van Uffelen, C. (2011). Façade greenery: contemporary landscaping. Braun Pub. Dines, C. & Schwab, K.(2010). Sustainable site design: criteria, processes, and case studies for integrating site and region landscape design. Hobokem. N.J.: Wiley. Grant, R. (2007). From concept for form in landscape design, 2nd ed. Hoboken:, N.J.: Wiley. VanDer Zanden, A. (2008). Landscape design theory and application. Australia: Thomson. Crosbie, M, De Chiara, J. (2001). Time saver standards for building types. Boston: McGrawHill.

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COURSE OUTLINE Textbook / References Watsons, Donald, Michael J. Crosbies (1998). Time saver standards for architectural design data: the reference of architectural fundamentals. 7th ed. New York:McGraw Hill (Latest Edition) Time saver standards for landscape architecture: design and construction data. New York: McGraw. 1988 (Latest Edition) Vallero, D. (2008). Sustainable design: the science of sustainability and green engineering. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. _____ (2006). Urban Landscape Architecture. USA: Loft Publication

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COURSE OUTLINE Textbook / References Bertauski, T. (2007). Plan Graphics for the Landscape Designer. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Brett, W.S. (1957). Planning your Garden. London: Ward, Lock and Co. Ltd. Ching, F.D.K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Der Zanden, A. and Roadie, S. (2008). Landscape Design Theory and Application. Australia: Thomson Delmar Learning

This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

COURSE OUTLINE Textbook / References Dines and Brown (2001). Landscape Architect’s Portable Handbook. New York: Mc Graw Hill. Hill, A.H. (1954). The Homeowner’s Guide to Landscape Architecture. New York: Mc Graw Hill. Hutchings, J.F. (1997). Builder’s Guide to Landscaping. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Littlewood, M. (1993). Landscape Detailing. Scotland: Butterworth-Heinmann Ltd. Mori, Osamu (1962). Typical JapaneseGardens. Japan: Shibata Publishing.

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COURSE OUTLINE Assessment Task 1. Problem exercises (drafting) 2. Drafting solutions

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COURSE OUTLINE Method of Evaluation Attendance is a must according to university regulations. The requirements for each grading period shall be a minimum of 70% to obtain a passing grade. The highest percentage rating that may be given in any grading period is 99 and the lowest passing grade is 75. Any grade lower than 75 is considered “Failed”.

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EQUIPMENT This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

EQUIPMENT 1. ½ Vellum Cartolina 2. Triangles of various sizes: 45° and 30°/60° (adjustable triangle optional) 3. Wood pencils: HB / 2B leads 4. Mechanical drafting pencils: with 2B / HB / 2H leads 5. Sharpener for wood pencils 6. Technical Pens: .2, .3, .5, .8, 1.2 and black ink 7. Drafting tape

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EQUIPMENT 8. Measuring scale: Triangular (not flat) 1:100 / 200 / 500 / 50 9. Compass with pen holder 10. Eraser: lead and ink 11. Erasing shield 12. Dusting shield 13. Circle templates: large and small 14. Plan and furniture templates: 1:50 / 100 15. French curves This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

EQUIPMENT 16. Matte knife and metal straight edges 17. Felt tip markers: fine and broad tip, black and colors 18. Appropriate briefcase or handbag to hold the mentioned equipment.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS Visual Dictionary of Architecture by Francis D.K. Ching pp.52-59

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INTRODUCTION This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

INTRODUCTION Architectural Design 1 is the first important major subject in Architecture wherein the basics of planning and designing is imparted to the students. This is the subject where students are made to understand the facets of architecture. In this subject, the students will begin to learn elementary principles of designing and applying them in simple architectural design problems. The subject covers discussions on Elements of Design, Principles of Design, Human Measurements and Basic Architectural Programming.

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ARCHITECTURE DEFINED This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? Architecture is generally both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures. It is also defined as the art and science of designing buildings, structures and other built environment in careful consideration of its beauty, strength and function.

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WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? Architecture. The ART and SCIENCE of DESIGNING and CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS. Art (architecture) – the product or result of architectural work: buildings, collectively. Science (architecture) – a style or method of building characteristic of a people, place or time. Designing (architecture) – the profession of designing buildings and other habitable environments.

Constructing (architecture) – the conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying or coherent structure.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN It is the concept that focuses on the components or elements of a structure or system and unifies them into a coherent and functional whole, according to a particular approach in achieving the objective(s) under the given constraints or limitations. Architectural design basically employs three requisites: (1) Aesthetics (Venustas) – the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with a view to establishing the meaning and validity of critical judgements concerning works of art. Also, esthetics.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN It is the concept that focuses on the components or elements of a structure or system and unifies them into a coherent and functional whole, according to a particular approach in achieving the objective(s) under the given constraints or limitations. Architectural design basically employs three requisites: (2) Function (Utilitas) – the natural or proper action for which something is designed, used, or exist.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN It is the concept that focuses on the components or elements of a structure or system and unifies them into a coherent and functional whole, according to a particular approach in achieving the objective(s) under the given constraints or limitations. Architectural design basically employs three requisites: (3) Structure (Firmitas) – the organization of elements or parts in a complex system as dominated by the general character of the whole.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN The three requisites simply means that everything that is architecturally designed must embody in itself beauty, use and the structure to which such object can be constructed. Design – related to “ composition”, “creation”, “conception”

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ELEMENTS OF DESIGN This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Color – typically known as hue. Line – as a geometric conception, a line is a point in motion, with only one dimension - length. Line has both a position and a direction in space. The variables of line are: size, shape, position, direction, number, interval and density. Points create lines, lines create shapes or planes and volume. Mass – a mass is a solid body or a grouping of visual elements (line, color, texture, etc.) that compose a solid form. Volume is a three-dimensional form comprising length, width, and depth. Three-dimensional forms contain points (vertices), lines (edges), and planes (surfaces). A mass is the two-dimensional appearance of a threedimensional form.

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ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Movement – also known as motion. This element portrays the act or process of changing place or direction, orientation, and/or position through the visual illustration of starting or stopping points, blurring of action, etc.

Space – a two-or three-dimensional element defined by other elements of design. Texture – a technique used in two-dimensional design to replicate three-dimensional surfaces through various drawing and media techniques. On three-dimensional surfaces, it is experienced by touch or by visual experience.

Value – another word for the lightness or darkness of an area. Brightness measured in relationship to a graded scale from white to black.

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BASIC DESIGN PRESENTATIONS This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

BASIC DESIGN PRESENTATIONS Two-Dimensional Drawings - having only two dimensions, such as width and height but no thickness. Squares, Circles, Triangles, etc. are two-dimensional objects. Also known as "2D". (1) Plan View (2) Elevations (Front, Side, Rear Views)

(3) Sectional View

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

BASIC DESIGN PRESENTATIONS Three-Dimensional Drawings - having three dimensions (such as height, width and depth), like any object in the real world. Example: your body is three-dimensional. Also known as "3D". (1) Isometric Drawings (2) Perspective Drawings

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. Balance can be achieved in three different ways: (1) Symmetry, in which both sides of a composition have the same elements in the same position, as in a mirror-image, or the two sides of a face.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. Balance can be achieved in three different ways: (2) Asymmetry, in which the composition is balanced due to the contrast of any of the elements of art. For example, a large circle on one side of a composition might be balanced by a small square on the other side.

This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Balance refers to the visual weight of the elements of the composition. Balance can be achieved in three different ways: (3) Radial symmetry, in which elements are equally spaced around a central point, as in the spokes coming out of the hub of a bicycle tire.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Contrast is the difference between elements of design in a composition, such that each element is made stronger in relation to the other. When placed next to each other, contrasting elements command the viewer's attention. Areas of contrast are among the first places that a viewer's eye is drawn. Contrast can be achieved by juxtapositions of any of the elements of art. Negative/Positive space is an example of contrast. Complementary colors placed side by side are an example of contrast.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Emphasis is when the designer creates an area of the composition that is visually dominant and commands the viewer's attention. This is often achieved by contrast.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Movement is the result of using the elements of art such that they move the viewer's eye around and within the image. A sense of movement can be created by diagonal or curvy lines, either real or implied, by edges, by the illusion of space, by repetition, by energetic mark-making.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of design or any combination thereof. Anything can be turned into a pattern through repetition. Some classic patterns are spirals, grids, weaves.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Rhythm is created by movement implied through the repetition of elements of art in a non-uniform but organized way. It is related to rhythm in music. Unlike pattern, which demands consistency, rhythm relies on variety. It is closely related to harmony.

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This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Unity/Variety. Too much unity creates monotony, too much variety creates chaos.

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END This work is the property of Ar. Hilbert C. Mangonon. Always check the values given in this document against the original references. For questions or corrections, contact the author at [email protected].