Awwa C210-15

ANSI/AWWA C210-15 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C210-07)

®

AWWA Standard

Liquid-Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings

Effective date: Oct. 1, 2015. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors May 18, 1978. This edition approved June 7, 2015. Approved by American National Standards Institute June 3, 2015.

SM

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AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed in the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the official notice.

American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. C aution Notice: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; 212.642.4900; or emailing [email protected].

This AWWA content is the product of thousands of hours of work by your fellow water professionals. Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution, either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders AWWA’s mission to support the water community.

ISBN-13, print:

978-1-62576-109-5



eISBN-13, electronic:

978-1-61300-345-9

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12999/AWWA.C210.15

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2015 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA

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Committee Personnel The Steel Water Pipe–Manufacturer’s Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task Group on C210, which revised this standard, had the following personnel at the time: Bob Murphy, Chair Mitch Conner, Vice Chair R.M. Buchanan, Canusa-CPS, Toronto, Ont., Canada M. Buratto, LifeLast, Vancouver, Wash. M. Conner, Carboline, St. Louis, Mo. A. Fletcher, Tyco Water Pipelines Technologies, Southbank, Victoria, Australia B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah G. Larsen, Smith-Blair, Texarkana, Texas D. Libby, Chase Corp., Westwood, Mass. L. McKinney, Womble Company, Houston, Texas B. Murphy, Sherwin-Williams Co., Ventura, Calif. M. Murphy, NOV Ameron, Phoenix, Ariz. R. Norsworthy, Polyguard Products Inc., Lancaster, Texas V. O’Dea, Tnemec, Kansas City, Mo. F. Rampton, Trenton Corporation, Ann Arbor, Mich. R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. S. Serpe, Arkema, King of Prussia, Penn. B.P. Simpson, American Spiralweld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. G. Smith, Northwest Pipe Company, San Diego, Calif.

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The AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: John H. Bambei Jr., Chair Dennis A. Dechant, Vice Chair John L. Luka, Secretary General Interest Members W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. R.J Card, Lockwood, Andrew & Newnam, Houston, Texas R.L. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. iii Copyright © 2015 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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H.E. Dunham, MWH Inc., Snohomish, Wash. S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. R.L. Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Texas M.D. Gossett,* HDR, Denver, Colo. M.B. Horsley,* Horsley Engineering LLC, Overland Park, Kan. R.A. Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services Ltd., Surrey, B.C., Canada J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah R. Ortega,* Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam, Houston, Texas E.S. Ralph,† Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. A.E. Romer, AECOM, Orange, Calif. J.R. Snow,* MWH Americas Inc., Denver, Colo. H.R. Stoner, Consultant, North Plainfield, N.J. C.C. Sundberg, CH2M, Issaquah, Wash. W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Orlando, Fla.

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Producer Members D.W. Angell,† Standards Council Liaison, American Flow Control, Birmingham, Ala. S.A. Arnaout, Hanson Pressure Pipe Inc., Dallas, Texas H.R. Bardakjian, Consultant, Glendale, Calif. D.A. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. W.B. Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Associates, Lake Zurich, Ill. B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Draper, Utah J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. R. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C. J. Olmos, Ameron Water Transmission Group, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. G.F. Ruchti,* Consultant, Punta Gorda, Fla. B.P. Simpson,* American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. D. Walker, Avid Protective Products LTD/Tnemec Company, Oakville, Ont., Canada J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C., Canada

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User Members G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, N.Y. J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water, Denver, Colo.

* Alternate † Liaison, nonvoting iv Copyright © 2015 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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Bob Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C., Canada M.E. Conner, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif. R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. G. George, Tacoma Public Utilities, Tacoma, Wash. T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, Calif. M. McReynolds,* Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif. N.A. Wigner, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif.

* Alternate v Copyright © 2015 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

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Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC.

PAGE

SEC.

PAGE

Foreword I Introduction...................................... ix

4.4

Epoxy Application.............................. 5

4.5

Epoxy Repair..................................... 8

I.A Background....................................... ix

4.6

Welded Field Joints............................ 8

I.B History.............................................. ix

4.7

Coating Special Pipe Connections and Appurtenances....................... 8 Field Procedures................................. 9

I.C Acceptance........................................ ix II

Special Issues...................................... x

4.8

III

Use of This Standard......................... xi

5 Verification

III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives................................. xi III.B Modification to Standard................. xii IV

Major Revisions................................ xii

V Comments...................................... xiii Standard 1 General

5.1

Epoxy Materials Prequalification........ 9

5.2

Requirements of Epoxy System........ 10

5.3

Quality Assurance and Records........ 10

5.4

Inspection and Testing by the Purchaser................................... 11

5.5

Quality Control Requirements of Applied Epoxy System................ 11

5.6 Rejection.......................................... 12

1.1 Scope................................................. 1

6 Delivery

1.2 Purpose.............................................. 2

6.1 Marking........................................... 13

1.3 Application......................................... 2

6.2 Packaging and Storage...................... 13

2 References......................................... 2

6.3

3 Definitions........................................ 3

Affidavit of Compliance................... 13

4.1 Equipment......................................... 4

Tables 1 Prequalification Requirements of Epoxy System............................... 5

4.2

Materials and Safety........................... 4

2

4.3

Epoxy System..................................... 4

4 Requirements

Quality Control Requirements of Applied Epoxy System.................. 5

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Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA C210. I. Introduction. I.A. Background.  This standard was developed to provide information for the use of liquid-epoxy coatings for the exterior coating and interior lining of steel water pipe. The standard has been revised periodically to meet increasingly demanding environmental and health-effects regulations and to modify procedures based on technological advances. I.B. History.  The first edition of ANSI/AWWA C210 was approved for issue in May 1978 under the title “Coal-Tar Epoxy Coating System for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipe.” The second and third editions were approved on June 10, 1984, and June 18, 1992, respectively, and published under the title “Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.” The fourth edition of ANSI/AWWA C210 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 15, 1997. The fifth edition was approved on Jan. 19, 2003. The sixth edition was approved on June 24, 2007. This edition was approved on June 7, 2015. I.C. Acceptance.  In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.† Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. † Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. ix Copyright © 2015 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

2. Specific policies of the state or local agency. 3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF*: NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. 4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water Chemicals Codex,† and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency. Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. ANSI/AWWA C210 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues.  This standard provides guidance in selecting and evaluating liquid-epoxy coatings and sets minimum requirements for linings and coatings used on steel water pipe in the water-supply industry. Users of this standard are advised to consider additional lining thickness for pipe that handles water containing higher than normal levels of particulates or that operates at higher than normal velocities. A penstock carrying stream or lake water with high particulate levels and high velocities would be a viable example. The required finished coating thickness shall be specified by the purchaser. The specified thickness should not exceed the maximum recommended by the coating manufacturer. * NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. † Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. x Copyright © 2015 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Soluble salts and other inorganic contaminants on a prepared steel surface have been known to influence coating performance. Procedures for determining the presence of these contaminants as well as the method of quantifying them are currently being evaluated by technical organizations serving the coating and lining industry. If an extended period of aboveground storage of the coated pipe is anticipated, consideration should be given to the ability of the coating to resist degradation by ultraviolet light and other atmospheric and environmental conditions. The purchaser should consult the manufacturer for specific conditions and limitations. This standard does not describe materials and procedures that may be required for difficult conditions, such as those encountered in construction of some submarine lines, casing pipe, river crossings, and rocky areas. III. Use of This Standard.  It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives.  The following items should be provided by the purchaser: 1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C210, Liquid-Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings, of latest revision. 2. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements and regulations (Sec. 4.2). 3. For applications other than potable water, whether compliance with NSF/ ANSI 61 Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects is required (Sec. 4.2.3). 4. Visual comparative standard for surface preparation (Sec. 4.4.2.3). 5. Holdback for field welds (Sec. 4.4.3.2). 6. The minimum and maximum dry film thicknesses (DFT) of the lining or coating (Sec. 4.4.3.7). 7. Requirements for field joint coating if other than epoxy (Sec. 4.6). 8. Coating requirements for special connections and appurtenances (Sec. 4.7.3). 9. Epoxy materials prequalification (Sec. 5.1). 10. Quality assurance records (Sec. 5.3). 11. Requirements for material inspection and rejection (Sec. 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6). 12. Requirements for adhesion testing of coating (Sec. 5.5.5). 13. Whether adhesion testing is required on fittings, specials, and appurtenances (Sec. 5.5.5.1). 14. Affidavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3).

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III.B. Modification to Standard.  Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser. IV. Major Revisions.  Major changes made to the standard in this revision include the following: 1. The title of the standard was changed to be consistent with other AWWA steel pipe coating standards. 2. Sec. III.A, Purchaser Options and Alternatives, was updated to reflect changes in the standard. 3. Section 2, References, was updated. 4. The definition for potable water was added to Section 3, Definitions. 5. A new Sec. 4.2.3 was added to address certification to NSF/ANSI 61 if the lining system is in contact with potable water. 6. Old Sec. 4.3, Coating System, was renamed Epoxy System and revised to be consistent with other AWWA steel pipe coating and lining standards, and the epoxy thickness information was moved to the new Sec. 4.4.3.7, Epoxy thickness, for better readability. 7. Old Sec. 4.3.3, Applied, Cured Coating Requirements, was moved to Sec. 5.5.2, Cure, to reduce redundancy and improve continuity of the standard. 8. Table 1 was revised to reflect prequalification requirements and a minimum dielectric strength requirement was added. 9. Table 2 was revised to reflect quality control requirements and requirements for appearance and cure were added and the ASTM D3359 adhesion method A was deleted to be consistent with industry practice. 10. Old Sec. 4.4, Coating Application, was renamed Epoxy Application and slightly revised for consistency. 11. A new Sec. 4.4.3.3 on field coating of holdback areas was added. 12. Sec. 4.6.1.1, Preparation, for welded field joints was revised and a surface profile depth for abrasive blast cleaning was added. 13. Old Sec. 4.6.3, Electrical Inspection, was deleted and combined with Sec. 5.5.4, Electrical continuity inspection, to reduce redundancy and improve continuity. 14. Old Sec. 4.7.3.3, Cure, was deleted and combined with Sec. 5.5.2, Cure, to reduce redundancy and improve continuity. 15. Old Sec. 4.7.3.4, Electrical Inspection for Continuity, was deleted and combined with Sec. 5.5.4, Electrical continuity inspection, to reduce redundancy and improve continuity.

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16. Sec. 4.8 was modified to be consistent with other AWWA steel pipe coating and lining standards and now references AWWA C604. 17. Section 5, Verification, was revised and the heading titles and format were updated to be consistent with the new language and format being used in AWWA steel pipe coating and lining standards. 18. Sec. 5.2.1.2, Cathodic disbondment, was updated with more detail. 19. A new Sec. 5.2.1.3 on dielectric strength was added. 20. A new Sec. 5.3, Quality Assurance and Records, was added. 21. A new quality control requirement for appearance was added (Sec. 5.5.1). 22. The quality control requirements for cure (Sec. 5.5.2), dry film thickness (Sec. 5.5.3), electrical continuity inspection (Sec. 5.5.4), and adhesion (Sec. 5.5.5) were updated. 23. Sec. 5.5.5, Adhesion, was revised and new sections on frequency of testing (Sec. 5.5.5.1) and rejection of pipe (Sec. 5.5.5.2) were added. 24. Sec. 5.6, Rejection, was updated and expanded. 25. Section 6, Delivery, was modified to be consistent with other AWWA steel pipe coating and lining standards. 26. Sec. 6.3, Affidavit of Compliance, was revised to be consistent with the AWWA boilerplate language used in other AWWA standards. V. Comments.  If you have any comments or questions about this standard, please call the AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098; or email at [email protected].

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ANSI/AWWA C210-15 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA C210-07)

®

AWWA Standard

Liquid-Epoxy Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipe and Fittings SECTION 1: Sec. 1.1

GENERAL

Scope This standard describes the material and application of shop- and fieldapplied liquid-epoxy coatings and linings used in the water-supply industry for steel water pipelines installed underground or underwater, under normal construction conditions. 1.1.1  Conditions not described in this standard.  The coating systems described in this standard are not intended for use on pipe that will be bent after the coating or lining system has been applied. 1.1.2  Coating and lining systems.  The coating and lining systems may consist of any of the following three types: (1) a two-part chemically cured epoxy primer and one or more coats of a different two-part chemically cured epoxy topcoat; (2) two or more coats of the same two-part chemically cured epoxy, in which case the first coat shall be considered as the prime coat; or (3) a single coat of a two-part chemically cured epoxy. 1.1.2.1  Maximum temperature.  AWWA steel pipe coating and lining standards are based on the maximum service temperature of potable water. Consult the epoxy manufacturer for conditions and limitations.

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2 AWWA C210-15

Sec. 1.2

Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for liquid-epoxy coatings and linings for steel water pipe and fittings, including material, application, inspection, testing, performance requirements, packaging, and storage requirements.

Sec. 1.3

Application This standard can be referenced in documents for liquid-epoxy coatings and linings for steel water pipe and fittings. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to liquid-epoxy coatings and linings for steel water pipe and fittings.

SECTION 2:

REFERENCES

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. ANSI*/AWWA C203—Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water Pipelines—Enamel and Tape—Hot-Applied. ANSI/AWWA C205—Cement–Mortar Protective Lining and Coating for Steel Water Pipe—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger—Shop Applied. ANSI/AWWA C209—Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for Steel Water Pipe, Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings. ANSI/AWWA C214—Tape Coating Systems for the Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines. ANSI/AWWA C215—Extruded Polyolefin Coatings for the Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines. ANSI/AWWA C216—Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefin Coatings for the Exterior of Special Sections, Connections, and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines. ANSI/AWWA C604—Installation of Buried Steel Water Pipe—4 In. (100 mm) and Larger.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.

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LIQUID-EPOXY COATINGS AND LININGS FOR STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITTINGS 3

ASTM* D149—Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies. ASTM D4417—Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel. ASTM D4541—Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers. ASTM D5402—Standard Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs. ASTM G8—Standard Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings. NSF/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. NACE† SP0188—Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive Substrates. SSPC‡-PA 2—Procedure for Determining Conformance to Dry Coating Thickness Requirements. SSPC-PA 10—Guide to Safety and Health Requirements. SSPC-SP 1—Solvent Cleaning. SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2—Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning. SSPC-VIS-1—Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Cleaning.

SECTION 3:

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1.  Constructor:  The party that provides the work and materials for placement or installation. 2.  Manufacturer:  The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 3.  Potable water:  Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and cooking.

* ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. † NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084. ‡ SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.

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4 AWWA C210-15

4.  Purchaser:  The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 5.  Supplier:  The party that supplies materials or services. A supplier may or may not be the manufacturer.

SECTION 4: Sec. 4.1

REQUIREMENTS

Equipment The constructor’s equipment for abrasive blast cleaning and epoxy application shall be of such design, manufacture, and condition to permit the constructor to comply with the procedures and obtain the results prescribed in this standard.

Sec. 4.2

Materials and Safety 4.2.1  Materials.  Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act and other federal regulations for water systems as applicable. 4.2.2  Safety.  Necessary precautions shall be taken to protect personnel and property from accidents caused by falls, hazardous materials, fire, explosion, and other dangers. The methods and practices defined in SSPC-PA 10 shall be followed, along with those prescribed by applicable federal, provincial or state, and local regulations. 4.2.3  Certification.  If the lining system is in contact with potable water, it shall be certified to NSF/ANSI 61.

Sec. 4.3

Epoxy System 4.3.1  Liquid epoxies.  The liquid epoxies used in this standard shall be based on liquid chemically cured materials. The curing agent may be an amine, amine-adduct, phenalkamine, polyamide, or other epoxy curing agents; the epoxy may be modified with coal tar, phenolic, or other modifiers. Materials used in both the primer and finish coat(s) shall be products of one manufacturer. 4.3.1.1  Shelf life.  The component parts shall be stored in unopened original containers in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. They shall show no instability or settling beyond a state permitting easy, complete redispersion to a smooth, homogeneous consistency. Component parts shall be properly mixed and applied to provide acceptable drying and curing. Stored material that has exceeded the manufacturer’s stated shelf life shall not be used. 4.3.2  Qualification requirements.  Minimum cured film requirements for laboratory-applied epoxy systems are stated in Table 1.

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LIQUID-EPOXY COATINGS AND LININGS FOR STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITTINGS 5

Table 1

Prequalification requirements of epoxy system Requirement Property

Minimum

Maximum

Immersion and vapor phase, 30 days

Sec. 5.2.1.1

a. Deionized water

Pass

b. Sulfuric acid, 1 percent by weight

Pass

c. Sodium hydroxide, 1 percent by weight

Pass

Cathodic disbondment

10 mm (0.39 in.)

Dielectric strength

Table 2

Test Method

250 V/mil

Sec. 5.2.1.2 Sec. 5.2.1.3

Quality control requirements of applied epoxy system Property

Requirement Minimum

Maximum

Appearance

Test Method Sec. 5.5.1

Cure Dry film thickness Electrical continuity inspection

25 double rubs

Sec. 5.5.2

16 mils

Sec. 5.5.3

No holidays

Sec. 5.5.4

Adhesion

Sec. 5.5.5

ASTM D4541 (Method E)

800 psi (5,515 kPa)

4.3.3  Coated pipe inspection tests.  The inspection test requirements for shop- or field-applied epoxy systems are stated in Table 2.

Sec. 4.4

Epoxy Application 4.4.1  General.  The pipe coating and lining processes shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 4.4.2  Pipe preparation. 4.4.2.1  Cleaning.  Prior to abrasive blast cleaning, surfaces shall be inspected and, if required, cleaned according to SSPC-SP 1 to remove oil, grease, or other foreign matter. Preheating to remove oil, grease, mill scale, water, and ice may be used, provided the pipe is preheated in a uniform manner to avoid distorting the pipe. 4.4.2.2  Abrasive blast cleaning.  Pipe surfaces shall be abrasive blast cleaned in accordance with SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2. The blast anchor pattern or profile depth shall be 2.0 mils to 4.0 mils (50 µm to 100 µm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4417. When using steel abrasives, a sufficient quality of steel grit shall be provided to ensure an angular blast profile is achieved.

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6 AWWA C210-15

4.4.2.3  Visual comparative standards.  If required by the purchaser, prior to abrasive blast cleaning, the constructor shall prepare a representative area of the abrasive blast-cleaned surface on the actual work surface, as well as a visual comparative standard on steel panels that are a minimum of 6 in. × 6 in. × 0.25 in. (150 mm × 150 mm × 6 mm). On agreement with the purchaser and constructor that the visual standard meets the requirements of Sec. 4.4.2.2, the panels shall be wrapped in 4-mil to 6-mil (100-µm to 150-µm) thick plastic, sealed with tape or otherwise protected from surface contamination or corrosion, and maintained as visual reference standards throughout the coating operations. Alternatively, other industry-accepted visual comparative standards, such as SSPC-VIS-1, and as agreed on by the purchaser and constructor, may be used. 4.4.2.4  Abrasive working mix.  When blasting equipment is employed using a recycled abrasive working mix, the abrasive working mix shall be maintained free of contaminants (oil, water, etc.). 4.4.2.5  Surface inspection.  The cleaned pipe surfaces shall be inspected for conformance to Sec. 4.4.2.2 and 4.4.2.3. Surface imperfections, such as slivers, scabs, burrs, weld spatter, and gouges, shall be removed by grinding. Ground areas shall meet the profile (anchor pattern) requirements of Sec. 4.4.2.2. 4.4.2.6  Interior cleaning.  If abrasive material or other loose foreign matter has entered the interior of the pipe, clean, dry, oil-free compressed air shall be used to remove the loose foreign matter in a manner that does not adversely affect the cleaned surface. Alternatively, vacuum cleaning or other methods may be used in place of compressed air. 4.4.2.7  Protection from moisture.  Abrasive blast-cleaned pipe surfaces shall be protected from conditions of high humidity, rainfall, or surface moisture. Flash rust shall be removed before coating. 4.4.3  Epoxy application. 4.4.3.1  Materials preparation.  Materials preparation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 4.4.3.2  Holdback for field welds.  When pipe sections are to be joined together by field welding, a band that is free of lining and coating shall be left on the inside and outside surfaces at the ends of the sections. This band shall be of sufficient width as specified by the purchaser, to permit the making of field joints without damage to the lining and coating (Sec. 4.6.1). 4.4.3.3  Field coating of holdback areas.  Field joints shall be coated with the products and by application methods described in ANSI/AWWA C203,

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LIQUID-EPOXY COATINGS AND LININGS FOR STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITTINGS 7

ANSI/AWWA C209, ANSI/AWWA C210, or ANSI/AWWA C216. The application methods are also described in ANSI/AWWA C604, but the joint coating system selected is limited to the systems listed above. 4.4.3.4  Pipe ends for nonwelded field joints.  When specified by the purchaser and when rubber-gasketed joints or mechanical couplings are used, the epoxy coating shall extend to the ends of the pipe. Otherwise a holdback of sufficient distance that will not interfere with gasket sealing surfaces shall be supplied. The epoxy thickness on the pipe surfaces that receive rubber sealing gaskets shall not exceed what is recommended by the manufacturer of the coupling. If the purchaser specifies steel pipe with rubber-gasketed joints, a lining of liquid epoxy meeting the requirements of this standard, and a pipe coating of another material, such as those described in ANSI/AWWA C203, ANSI/AWWA C205, ANSI/AWWA C214, or ANSI/AWWA C215, the liquid-epoxy system may be extended around the pipe end and may cover the exterior pipe surface from the end to a point past the sealing point of the rubber gasket. 4.4.3.5  Application temperature.  Application shall be performed when the metal temperature is 5°F (3°C) or more above the dew point. The temperature of the mixed epoxy material shall not be lower than 50°F (10°C). The temperature of the pipe during application shall conform to the recommendations of the epoxy manufacturer. Preheating of the epoxy, the use of in-line heaters to heat the epoxy, or heating of the pipe, fittings, or pipe connections or appurtenances and dehumidification equipment may be used to facilitate the application. Heating shall conform to the recommendations of the epoxy manufacturer. 4.4.3.6  Application of epoxy system.  The epoxy system shall be applied as recommended by the epoxy manufacturer. Epoxy application by airless spray or centrifugal spinner applicator is preferred. Epoxy application by brush or roller may be used if allowed by the purchaser. If more than one coat is applied, the second coat shall be applied within the time limits, surface conditions, and temperature recommended by the epoxy manufacturer. If the period between coats is exceeded, a repair procedure shall be obtained from the epoxy manufacturer and its recommendations followed. 4.4.3.7  Epoxy thickness.  The minimum dry film thickness (DFT) provided shall be 16 mils (406 µm), as shown in Table 2. The maximum DFT of the coating and lining shall conform to the manufacturer’s recommendation unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.

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8 AWWA C210-15

4.4.3.8  Cure.  The epoxy manufacturer shall be consulted to ascertain the proper cure time and methods. After application, the epoxy shall be tested for cure in accordance with Sec. 5.5.2.

Sec. 4.5

Epoxy Repair 4.5.1  Defective epoxy.  Coating or lining shall be repaired in accordance with the following subsections. 4.5.1.1  Surface preparation.  Accessible areas of pipe requiring epoxy repairs shall be cleaned to remove debris and damaged epoxy using surface grinders or other means acceptable to the purchaser. The adjacent epoxy shall be feathered by sanding, grinding, or other methods approved by the purchaser. Accumulated debris shall be removed by vacuum, blowing with contaminant-free air, or wiping with clean rags. 4.5.1.2  Access.  Areas not accessible for coating repair, such as interior surfaces of small-diameter pipe, shall be reprocessed and recoated as described in Sec. 4.4.2 and Sec. 4.4.3. 4.5.1.3  Epoxy application.  The epoxy system shall be applied to the prepared areas in accordance with the procedures stated in Sec. 4.4.3. 4.5.1.4  Repair inspection.  Repairs shall be inspected in accordance with Sec. 5.5. Epoxy coated and lined pipe shipped from the plant shall be holiday-free.

Sec. 4.6

Welded Field Joints 4.6.1  Epoxy application.  When specified by the purchaser for field joint coating, the epoxy system shall be applied to the weld joint as recommended by the epoxy manufacturer. 4.6.1.1  Preparation.  The weld joint shall be cleaned so that all surfaces are free of mud, oil, grease, welding flux, weld splatter, and other foreign contaminants. The cleaned metal surfaces of the weld joint shall then be abrasive blast cleaned, to provide a surface that complies with SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2, as defined in Sec. 4.4.2, with a surface profile depth of 2.0 mils to 4.0 mils (50 µm to 100 µm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4417. The adjacent liquid epoxy shall be feathered by abrading the epoxy surface for a distance of 1 in. (25 mm) minimum.

Sec. 4.7

Coating Special Pipe Connections and Appurtenances 4.7.1  General.  This section describes the application of liquid epoxy to mechanical couplings, flanges, and similar appurtenances for steel pipe fittings, as well as to nuts, bolts, and other items used in conjunction with connections and attachments.

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LIQUID-EPOXY COATINGS AND LININGS FOR STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITTINGS 9

4.7.2  Surface preparation.  Surfaces of pipe connections and appurtenances to be coated or lined shall be prepared in accordance with Sec. 4.4.2. Abrasive blasting of bolts shall only be performed if requested by the purchaser. 4.7.3  Epoxy application. 4.7.3.1  Application.  Epoxies shall be applied in accordance with Sec. 4.4. 4.7.3.2  Application to threaded connections.  Before shipping, threaded connections and appurtenances that must be assembled and operated in the field shall be left uncoated and shipped with rust-preventing compounds or strippable protective coatings applied to the threads only. After final field assembly, the compound shall be completely removed. The exposed threads shall be coated as provided in Sec. 4.4.3. 4.7.3.3  Epoxy repair.  Epoxy repair shall be performed in accordance with Sec. 4.5.

Sec. 4.8

Field Procedures 4.8.1  General.  The methods and practices found in AWWA C604 shall be followed for the handling, shipping, storage, and installation of pipe coated or lined with this material. Special requirements associated with the field procedures of pipe coated or lined with this material can be found in Sec. 4.8.2. 4.8.2  Special requirements.  No metal tools or heavy objects shall be permitted to come into contact with the finished coating or lining. Workers shall be permitted to walk on the coating or lining only when necessary, in which case only shoes with rubber soles and heels shall be permitted. Coating or lining damaged during installation shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.5. 4.8.3  Protection during welding.  A heat-resistant material of sufficient width to prevent damage to the coating shall be placed on each side of the coating holdback during welding to avoid damage to the coating by hot weld spatter. No welding ground shall be made on the coated part of the article. Any coating or lining damage from welding, including burns from weld spatter, shall be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.5.

SECTION 5: Sec. 5.1

VERIFICATION

Epoxy Materials Prequalification Prequalification of the epoxy materials shall be the manufacturer’s certified test reports or one of the following as specified by the purchaser: (1) the testing

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10 AWWA C210-15

of samples of the epoxy materials submitted by the constructor with testing conducted at an independent laboratory or (2) acceptance on another specified basis.

Sec. 5.2

Requirements of Epoxy System 5.2.1  Prequalification requirements of epoxy system. 5.2.1.1  Immersion.  Steel panels of dimensions 2 in. × 6 in. × ¼ in. (50 mm × 150 mm × 6 mm) shall be prepared, coated, and cured in accordance with Sec. 4.4.3. The uncoated side and edges shall be sealed with hot wax or other resistant material. Suitable containers shall be filled to a depth of 4 in. (100 mm)—one with deionized water, one with 1 percent by weight solution sulfuric acid, and one with 1 percent by weight solution of sodium hydroxide. The panels shall be placed in the containers to allow exposure to both the liquid and vapor phases of the fluids. If multiple panels are placed in the same container, a distance of 1 in. (25 mm) shall be maintained between panels. The containers shall be covered but not sealed, and allowed to stand at 75°F ± 2°F (24°C ± 1°C) for 30 days, maintaining liquid levels as required. The panels shall be removed, rinsed, and allowed to dry for 24  hr. Blistering, peeling, or disbondment of the epoxy shall constitute failure to pass the test. 5.2.1.2  Cathodic disbondment.  The cathodic disbondment of the coating system shall be determined in accordance with ASTM G8. The test shall run for 30 days. Each specimen shall be a laboratory-coated steel panel with minimum dimensions of 4 in. × 6 in. × 0.25 in. (100 mm × 150 mm × 6 mm) prepared in accordance with Sec. 4.4. A single intentional holiday 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) in diameter shall be made in each specimen. The disbondment shall be measured from the edge of the initial holiday along each radial cut. The average of these measurements shall be the result for each specimen. Three specimens shall be tested and the results averaged. 5.2.1.3  Dielectric strength.  The dielectric strength of the epoxy shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D149 (at 16 mils). An average value below the limit in Table 1 shall constitute a failure to meet the dielectric strength requirement.

Sec. 5.3

Quality Assurance and Records The constructor shall use a quality assurance program or system to ensure that the quality controls in this section are followed. Completed records of inspection work shall be made available upon the purchaser’s request.

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LIQUID-EPOXY COATINGS AND LININGS FOR STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITTINGS 11

Sec. 5.4

Inspection and Testing by the Purchaser 5.4.1  Inspection.  The entire procedure of applying the epoxy materials as described in this standard may be inspected by the purchaser from surface preparation to completion of application. Such inspection shall not relieve the constructor of responsibility to provide materials and perform work in accordance with this standard. 5.4.2  Access of purchaser.  The purchaser shall have access to all areas used to perform the work according to the provisions of this standard. 5.4.3  Facilities for purchaser.  In accordance with conditions agreed to by the purchaser and the constructor, the purchaser shall be provided with facilities and space for inspection, testing, and information-gathering purposes.

Sec. 5.5

Quality Control Requirements of Applied Epoxy System 5.5.1  Appearance.  All coated or lined pipe shall be visually inspected. The epoxy shall be generally smooth and free of sharp protrusions. A minor amount of sags, dimpling, scuffing, and curtaining that does not exceed 10 percent of the surface shall not be considered cause for rejection. The epoxy shall have no blisters, cracks, bubbles, delaminations, or any other visible defects. There shall be no wet or sticky areas in the epoxy. All imperfections shall be identified and repaired according to Sec. 4.5. 5.5.2  Cure.  The epoxy manufacturer shall be consulted to ascertain the proper cure time and methods. The cure test shall be performed in accordance with the solvent rub procedures as outlined in ASTM D5402. An epoxy system that has not cured in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions shall be rejected. After curing but before burial, the epoxy shall be a continuous film, free of thin spots and other imperfections as defined in Sec. 5.5.1, and shall pass electrical inspection for continuity defined in Sec. 5.5.4. 5.5.3  Dry film thickness.  Dry film thickness shall be tested in accordance with SSPC-PA 2, Level 1. Epoxy thickness below that stated in Table 2 shall constitute failure of the coating or lining to meet the requirements. Dry film thickness on the inside diameter (ID) of small-diameter pipe shall be tested as reasonably accessible. 5.5.4  Electrical continuity inspection.  Electrical continuity inspection shall be conducted in accordance with NACE SP0188 any time after the epoxy has reached a “cure to handle” state as recommended by the epoxy manufacturer but prior to installation. The voltage setting shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation except the minimum shall be 100 V/mil based on the

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12 AWWA C210-15

minimum specified epoxy thickness. Any holidays indicated by the detector shall be marked to identify the area to be repaired in accordance with Sec. 4.5. 5.5.5  Adhesion.  The adhesion or bond of the epoxy to the steel and the intercoat adhesion of the succeeding coats after curing shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D4541, Method E (tensile adhesion). Tensile adhesion shall be considered satisfactory if an average of three replications within a 1-ft2 sample area results in a tensile adhesion rating of 800 psi (5,515 kPa) or greater using dolly sizes as listed in ASTM D4541 and a pull speed of 100 psi/sec. Glue failures at 800 psi or greater can be included in the average. In the shop, the adhesion test may be conducted on the coated or lined pipe or on the epoxy applied at the same time to test panels of the same substrate and surface preparation as the pipe. 5.5.5.1  Frequency of testing.  Adhesion tests shall be performed on the first pipe, every tenth pipe, and the last pipe of each production shift or as stated in the purchaser’s documents. Adhesion testing on fittings, specials, and appurtenances is optional and shall be specified by the purchaser. 5.5.5.2  Rejection.  An adhesion value below the requirement shall be considered a nonsatisfactory result. In this situation, two additional tests shall be made at two different locations on the same pipe. If either of the additional two tests fails to meet the requirement, the epoxy shall be rejected or repaired. If the epoxy fails an adhesion test, the test shall be repeated for the pipe joint completed before and after the failed pipe. This process shall be repeated until satisfactory results are obtained. All finished pipe where the requirement is not met shall be rejected or repaired.

Sec. 5.6

Rejection 5.6.1  Surface preparation.  The purchaser may reject any pipe or fitting if the surface condition does not comply with the requirements of Sec. 4.4.2. Pipe or fittings rejected because of inadequate cleaning shall be recleaned. 5.6.2  Epoxy materials.  If any sample of epoxy material does not comply with this standard, the epoxy materials represented by the sample shall be rejected. 5.6.3  Application work.  The application work shall be performed by personnel trained in the epoxy application process. If, at any time, it is determined that the procedure of applying the epoxy material is not according to this standard, the epoxy shall be rejected on the affected pipe and fittings. 5.6.4  Finished work.  Finished work not meeting the minimum requirements of this standard shall be repaired or rejected.

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LIQUID-EPOXY COATINGS AND LININGS FOR STEEL WATER PIPE AND FITTINGS 13

SECTION 6: Sec. 6.1

DELIVERY

Marking Containers shall be plainly marked with the name of the manufacturer, type of material, batch or lot number, date of manufacture, storage conditions, and information as required by federal, state, or provincial laws.

Sec. 6.2

Packaging and Storage 6.2.1  Packaging.  Epoxy materials shall be supplied to the job site in the manufacturer’s original unopened containers. 6.2.2  Storage of materials.  Materials shall be stored and protected from the elements as required by current applicable federal, state or provincial, and local regulations. Temperature ranges in the storage area shall be maintained within the limits recommended by the manufacturer.

Sec. 6.3

Affidavit of Compliance The purchaser may require an affidavit from the manufacturer or constructor that the materials and work furnished comply with the applicable requirements of this standard.

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