Black Book Final

SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANER

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Project Approval Sheet This project work entitled SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANER

BY Jitesh Talreja Is approved for the award of the Diploma In

Mechanical engineering Mr. Abdullah Khan Project guide EXTERNAL EXAMINER

INTERNAL EXAMINER

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Affiliated to Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE)Mumbai

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that

Jitesh Talreja Have Submitted this Project Work Entitled “SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANER’’is a Bonafide Record of Project Work Carried out Important Fulfillment For the Award of the

DIPLOMA IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING This is a Record of Their out by Them Under our Supervision and Guidance. Mr. Abdullah Khan Project Guide HOD(MEC DEPT)

PRINCIPLE

NEHAL MUCHALA

DR. S.M.GANECHARI

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We express esteemed gratitude and sincere thanks to our worthy lecturer guide Prof. Abdulla Khan our vocabulary do not suitable words benefitting to high standard at knowledge and extreme sincerity, deviation and affection with they have regularly encouraged us to put heart and soul in this work. We are also thankful to our H.O.D. Nehal Muchhala whose advises and kind co-operation brought out through discussion provided for completion of this project and also thanks to our workshop superintendent and all the Assistants, who helped a lot, for completion of this project. We also convey great thanks to our Honourable Principal Dr.S.M GANECHARI who helped a lot for completion of this project. Our Parents and relatives who always bear with us in very critical situation have contributed a great deal in making this for us. As we give expression to our love and appreciation for them our heart infill THANKING Them all... 4

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SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANER

GROUP MEMBERS

Jitesh Talreja - 147 Shubham Singh - 155 Ashutosh Singh - 159 Rajat Tripathi - 156 PROJECT GUIDE PROF ABDULLAH KHAN [ MECHANICAL DEPT. AT THAKUR POLYTECHNIC.]

OUR SUPPORTS IN THIS PROJECT SURENDRA SHRIPATI PATIL [CHEIF ENGINEER AT EXCEL INSTRUMENTS]

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‘SOLAR POWER AUTOMATED DRAINAGE CLEANER’’ Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement For ‘Diploma in Mechanical Engineering’

Mr. Jitesh Talreja Mr. Shubham Singh Mr. Ashutosh Singh Mr. Rajat Tripathi Under the Guidance of Prof. Abdulla Khan.

Department of Mechanical Engineering THAKUR POLYTECHNIC Thakur Complex Kandivali [E] MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION Academic Year – 2018 – 2019.

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INDEX SR.NO

CONTENTS

PAGE.NO

1

OBJECTIVE

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2

5

3

WORKING PRINCIPLE CONSTRUCTION

10

4

WORKING

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DESIGN DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE

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COST ESTIMATION

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6

7

7

32

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CONCLUSION

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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PHOTO VIEW OF THE PROJECT.

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OBJECTIVE Water is the basic need for the existence of life on earth. In spite of 70% water on earth majority of water is not suitable for drinking purpose. There is a huge demand of clean water as it is used for a variety of purpose such as drinking, bathing, cleaning, cooking etc.. The chief function of the automatic drainage system is to collect as well dispose the solid waste to the waste bucket with the help of forks. Solid waste in drainage water includes empty bottles, polythene bags, papers etc. Impurities in drainage water can lead to blockage of the drainage system. In order to avoid such situation these impurities are needed to be taken out time to time for the continuous flow of drainage water. Drain can be cleaned continuously by the help of model using the drive system to remove the solid waste and threw it into waste bucket. This project is designed with the objective to initiate the efficient working of system. This 1

project automatically cleans the water in the drainage system each time any impurity appears, and forks which are driven by chain sprocket grasp the solid waste and threw it into the waste bucket to avoid blockage. It even reduces the cost of manual labor as well as reduces the threat to human life. Key Words: Drainage system, Clean water, Sewage, 1. INTRODUCTION The proper disposal of common wastes is still a challenge faced nowadays, even though automation plays a vital role in the industrial and commercial applications. Usually what we see in a country like India is that common wastes like plastic bottles, covers, sanitary pads, etc and others are left in the streets and in the open drains. These waste particles obviously cause blockage of the drainage system during monsoon season when there is a flow of water through the roads and drainage systems. This blockage of drainage system can cause accumulation of waste water in these drains. Several water borne diseases such as cholera, worm disease, typhoid, 2

malaria etc will occur due to the contamination of these stagnant water. This can cause many health issues and may even lead to deaths, other than the local common issues caused by the blockage of drainage. In India, there is no existing automated mechanism by which this blockage of drainage can be removed. Currently these blocked drains are cleared with the help of manual workers were the workers have to get into the drains and manually remove the wastes. In such situations the rate of diseases spread among these workers are high and this affects their life’s and reduces their immunity. As a solution to theses social relevant problems and as a solution to the health issues caused thereby, we propose an automated mechanism, “Automatic Drainage Cleaning Mechanism with the aid of solar energy". Our proposed system is used to clean and control the suspended waste in drains eliminating the human labour involved in doing so. 1.1 DESIGN, MATERIALS AND WORKING METHODOLOGY A. DESIGN OF THE 3

PROTOTYPE With the help of solid works software we were able to do a sketch of our prototype and finally developed a 3D model of the primary design considering all the aspects of the mechanism.

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WORKING PRINCIPLE

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WORKING PRINCIPLE In today’s era automation plays a very important role in all industrial applications for the proper disposal of sewage from industries and household is still a challenging task. Drain pipes are used for the adequate disposal of waste and unfortunately sometimes there may be a threat to human life during the cleaning of blockage in the drain pipes or it can cause serious health issues because of the pertaining problems like malaria, dengue, etc. In order to overcome this problem as well as to save human life we implement a design “Automatic Drainage Cleaning System”. We designed our project in order to use it in an efficient way to control the disposal of waste along with regular filtration of drains, removal of solid waste in order to avoid blockage in drains to promote continuous flow of drainage water which ultimately reduces the threat to human life.Light from the sun is incident on the solar panel in order to generate power in terms of solar energy which is then transmitted into chemical energy of the battery by the help of battery charger which is connected to the solar panel as well as the battery. 6

Battery is connected to the DC motor and once it is fully charged chemical energy is converted into electrical energy and is passed to DC motor which rotates the armature of coil which in turn initiates the chain & sprocket drive mechanism. Chain is properly lubricated. Finger shaped clasp is attached to the chain which is used to pick up the solid waste from drain and carries it and throws it away in waste bucket attached at backside of drainage system model. This process continues automatically till the energy is imparted to the motor by the help of battery in order to avoid blockage of drains and enhance sewage treatment system. Today the advanced time has such a variety of advances for make our life modern. Like that cleaning procedure is likewise play a critical part. For example, our Smart Cleaning System do the residential reason cleaning flawlessly and keep the mosquito era from the sewage by the way intestinal sickness, influenza and so forth illnesses are stayed away from In future the robotization

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cleaning framework will be lies on each different house sewage cleaning framework. It was found out that at the absence of some variables like heavy winds, the propeller moved at a rate relative to the velocity of the running water. The cleaner functioned move effectively during the heavier rains which had more volume of running water with garbage and high velocity. The pan functioned effectively. It moved at a rate relative to the velocity of the running water and at the rate of the propeller. The deplete squander water cleaner machine is outlined and produced by utilizing gear changing and shaft coupling standard. It comprise principally DC adapted engine, shafts, squander evacuation plates, clean container, heading, sprocket and chains Construction materials are effortlessly available, creates work (development and maintenance, simple to build. 8

Mechanization is an innovation worried with his utilization of mechanical, electronic and PC based frameworks to work and control generation. This framework is utilized to operate automatic sewage cleaning equipment. This venture might be created with the full use of men, machines, and materials and cash. Additionally we have taken after altogether the investigation of time movement and made our venture temperate and productive with the accessible assets. This framework was Designed, Fabricated effectively and furthermore tried. It works satisfactorily. We trust that this will be done among the most flexible and compatible one even in future.

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CONSTRUCTION

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CONSTRUCTION The devices is place across drain so that only water flow through lower grids, waste like bottle, Etc. Floating in drain are lifted by teeth which is connected to chain. This chain is attached by gear driven by motor .When motor runs the chain starts to circulate making teeth to lift up. The waste materials are lifted by teeth and are stored in waste storage tank.

MATERIAL 1. Structure – L angles – 20x20mm Mild steel 2. Drive shafts – dia – 12mm Mild steel Dimension of the whole machine – 500x500x400mm

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Material and components Frame

Material – Mild steel L angle

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Mild steel Mild steel (iron containing a small percentage of carbon, strong and tough but not readily tempered), also known as plain-carbon steel and low-carbon steel, is now the most common form of steel because its price is relatively low while it provides material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Mild steel contains approximately 0.05–0.25% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form; surface hardness can be increased through carburizing. In applications where large cross-sections are used to minimize deflection, failure by yield is not a risk so low-carbon steels are the best choice, for example as structural steel. The density of mild steel is approximately 7.85 g/cm3 (7850 kg/m3 or 0.284 lb/in3) and the Young's modulus is 200 GPa (29,000 ksi). Low-carbon steels suffer from yield-point runout where the material has two yield points. The first yield point (or upper yield point) is higher than the second and the yield drops dramatically after the upper yield point. If a low-carbon steel is only stressed to some point between the upper and lower yield point then the surface develop Lüder bands. Low-carbon steels contain less carbon than other steels and are easier to cold-form, making them easier to handle.

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Chain Sprocket

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, or cogs, that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth. Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel . Early automobiles were also largely driven by sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles. 14

Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its originator. Sprockets typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep the timing belt centered. Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one shaft to another where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or ropes and sprocketwheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed.

Chain

Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain. The 15

gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the system. Another type of drive chain is the Morse chain, invented by the Morse Chain Company of Ithaca, New York, United States. This has inverted teeth.

Sometimes the power is output by simply rotating the chain, which can be used to lift or drag objects. In other situations, a second gear is placed and the power is recovered by attaching shafts or hubs to this gear. Though drive chains are often simple oval loops, they can also go around corners by placing more than two gears along the chain; gears that do not put power into the system or transmit it out are generally known as idler-wheels. By varying the diameter of the input and output gears with respect to each other, the gear ratio can be altered. For

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example, when the bicycle pedals' gear rotate once, it causes the gear that drives the wheels to rotate more than one revolution.

Pillow block bearing A pillow block is a pedestal used to provide support for a rotating shaft with the help of compatible bearings & various accessories. Housing material for a pillow block is typically made of cast iron or cast steel.

A pillow block usually refers to a housing with an included anti-friction bearing. A pillow block refers to any mounted bearing wherein the mounted shaft is in a parallel plane to the mounting surface, and perpendicular to the center line of the mounting holes, as contrasted with various types of flange blocks or flange units. A pillow block may contain a bearing with one of several types of rolling elements, including ball, cylindrical roller, spherical roller, tapered roller, or metallic or synthetic bushing. The type of rolling element defines the type of pillow block. These differ from "plumber blocks" which are bearing housings supplied without any bearings and are usually meant for higher load ratings and a separately installed bearing. The fundamental application of both types is the same, which is to mount a bearing safely enabling its outer ring to be stationary while 17

allowing rotation of the inner ring. The housing is bolted to a foundation through the holes in the base. Bearing housings may be either split type or solid type. Split type housings are usually two-piece housings where the cap and base may be detached, while others may be single-piece housings. Various sealing arrangements may be provided to prevent dust and other contaminants from entering the housing. Thus the housing provides a clean environment for the environmentally sensitive bearing to rotate free from contaminants while also retaining lubrication, either oil or grease, hence increasing its performance and duty cycle. Bearing housings are usually made of grey cast iron. However, various grades of metals can be used to manufacture the same, including ductile iron, steel, stainless steel, and various types of thermoplastics and polyethylene-based plastics. The bearing element may be manufactured from 52100 chromium steel alloy (the most common), stainless steel, plastic, or bushing materials such as SAE660 cast bronze, or SAE841 oil impregnated sintered bronze, or synthetic materials.

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Motor

DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC 19

motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills.

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WORKING 1. The gadget is place over the deplete so water course through lower grids, squander like bottle, cloth wood papers etc. Flowing in deplete are restricted by teeth which is associated with chain. 2. This anchor is appended to equip driven by motor. Motor is begin bind is begin to circle. 3. Making teeth to lift up squandered material put away in tank. 4. Motor is used to rotate chain drive. 5. This motor can operate on battery.

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SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM Methodology used for whole processing of Drainage cleaning Machine is given below; this methodology gives way about how work is to be carried out in systematic way. It is standard process of describing process, how it is done in simplest manner.

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DESIGN DESCRIPTION Configuration comprises of use of logical guideline, specialized data, and creative energy for advancement of new component to perform particular capacity with most extreme economy and effectiveness. Thus cautious outline approach must be embraced. The aggregate plan work has been part into two sections. 1. System design 2. Mechanical design A. SYSTEM DESIGN:

Framework configuration is for the most part concerns the different physical limitations and ergonomics, space prerequisites, game plan of different segments on casing at framework, man-machine collaboration, no. of controls, position of controls, workplaces, of upkeep, extent of change, weight if machine from ground level, add up to weight of machine and significantly more.

B. MECHANICAL DESIGN:

In mechanical design the components are listed down and stored on the basis of their procurement, design in two categories namely. 1. Designed parts 2. Parts to be purchased

Mechanical outline stage is imperative from the perspective of originator as entire achievement of venture relies on upon the right plan examination of the issue. Numerous preparatory options are killed amid this stage. Creator ought to have sufficient learning about physical 24

properties of material, load stresses and disappointment. He ought to recognize all inside and outer powers following up on machine parts.

Fabrication Cutting with Abrasive Saw

Steel cut-off saw for workshop use

An abrasive saw, also known as a cut-off saw or chop saw, is a power tool which is typically used to cut hard materials, such as metals, tile, and concrete. The cutting action is performed by an abrasive disc, similar to a thin grinding wheel. Technically speaking this is not a saw, as it does not use regularly shaped edges (teeth) for cutting. These saws are available in a number of configurations, including table top, free hand, and walk behind models. In the table top models, which are commonly used to cut tile and metal, the cutting wheel and motor are mounted on a pivoting arm attached to a fixed base plate. Table top saws are often electrically powered and generally have a built-in vise or other clamping arrangement. The free hand designs are typically used to cut concrete, asphalt, and pipe on construction sites. They are designed with the handles and motor near the operator, with the blade at the far end of the saw. Free hand saws do not feature a vise, because the materials being cut are larger and heavier. Walk-behind models, 25

sometimes called flat saws are larger saws which use a stand or cart to cut into concrete floors as well as asphalt and concrete paving materials. Abrasive saws typically use composite friction disk blades to abrasively cut through the steel. The disks are consumable items as they wear throughout the cut. The abrasive disks for these saws are typically 14 in (360 mm) in diameter and 7⁄64 in (2.8 mm) thick. Larger saws use 410 mm (16 in) diameter blades. Disks are available for steel and stainless steel. Abrasive saws can also use superabrasive (i.e., diamond and cubic boron nitride or CBN) blades, which last longer than conventional abrasive materials and do not generate as hazardous particulate matter. Superabrasive materials are more commonly used when cutting concrete, asphalt, and tile; however, they are also suitable for cutting ferrous metals. Since their introduction, portable cut-off saws have made many building site jobs easier. With these saws, lightweight steel fabrication previously performed in workshops using stationary power bandsaws or cold saws can be done on-site. Abrasive saws have replaced more expensive and hazardous acetylene torches in many applications, such as cutting rebar. In addition, these saws allow construction workers to cut through concrete, asphalt, and pipe on job sites in a more precise manner than is possible with heavy equipment.

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Drilling

Titanium drilling

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against the workpiece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting edge against the work-piece, cutting off chips (swarf) from the hole as it is drilled. In rock drilling, the hole is usually not made through a circular cutting motion, though the bit is usually rotated. Instead, the hole is usually made by hammering a drill bit into the hole with quickly repeated short movements. The hammering action can be performed from outside the hole (top-hammer drill) or within the hole (down-the-hole drill, DTH). Drills used for horizontal drilling are called drifter drills. In rare cases, specially-shaped bits are used to cut holes of non-circular cross-section; a square cross-section is possible.

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Lathe turning

Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a nonrotary tool bit, describes a helix toolpath by moving more or less linearly while the workpiece rotates. The tool's axes of movement may be literally a straight line, or they may be along some set of curves or angles, but they are essentially linear (in the non mathematical sense). Usually the term "turning" is reserved for the generation of externalsurfaces by this cutting action, whereas this same essential cutting action when applied to internal surfaces (that is, holes, of one kind or another) is called "boring". Thus the phrase "turning and boring" categorizes the larger family of (essentially similar) processes known as lathing. The cutting of faces on the workpiece (that is, surfaces perpendicular to its rotating axis), whether with a turning or boring tool, is called "facing", and may be lumped into either category as a subset. 28

Turning can be done manually, in a traditional form of lathe, which frequently requires continuous supervision by the operator, or by using an automated lathe which does not. Today the most common type of such automation is computer numerical control, better known as CNC. (CNC is also commonly used with many other types of machining besides turning.) When turning, a piece of relatively rigid material (such as wood, metal, plastic, or stone) is rotated and a cutting tool is traversed along 1, 2, or 3 axes of motion to produce precise diameters and depths. Turning can be either on the outside of the cylinder or on the inside (also known as boring) to produce tubular components to various geometries. Although now quite rare, early lathes could even be used to produce complex geometric figures, even the platonic solids; although since the advent of CNC it has become unusual to use non-computerized toolpath control for this purpose. The turning processes are typically carried out on a lathe, considered to be the oldest machine tools, and can be of four different types such as straight turning, taper turning, profiling or external grooving. Those types of turning processes can produce various shapes of materials such as straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpiece. In general, turning uses simple single-point cutting tools. Each group of workpiece materials has an optimum set of tools angles which have been developed through the years.

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Lathe facing

Facing

Facing in the context of turning work involves moving the cutting tool at right angles to the axis of rotation of the rotating workpiece. This can be performed by the operation of the cross-slide, if one is fitted, as distinct from the longitudinal feed (turning). It is frequently the first operation performed in the production of the workpiece, and often the last—hence the phrase "ending up".

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Arc welding

Arc welding is a process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals when cool result in a binding of the metals. It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding region is usually protected by some type of shielding gas, vapor, or slag. Arc welding processes may be manual, semi-automatic, or fully automated. First developed in the late part of the 19th century, arc welding became commercially important in shipbuilding during the Second World War. Today it remains an important process for the fabrication of steel structures and vehicles.

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE

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ADVANTAGE 1. Minimal effort deplete off arrangement if depletes as of now exist. 2. Development materials are regularly locally accessible 3. Makes work (development and support) 4. It is Portable 5. These cleaners are easy cheapest way to fix drainage problems. Easy to operate as no special skill is required. 6. Reduction of labour oriented method of cleaning, thus upgrading dignity of labour. 7. Light weight and easily portable. Requires nearly 12-24 volts of power. 8. Large amount of garbage will collect which can be recycled.

LIMITATION 1. Little vibration happens because of wire brush wheel connection.

2. Keeping in mind the end goal to maintain a strategic distance from vibration the machine ought to be legitimately establishment with the floor.

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COST ESTIMATION

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COST ESTIMATION 1. D.C. MOTOR 12 VDC

1600.00

2. M.S. Fabricated housing unit

2600.00

3. Power supply 12 VDC

1600.00

4. Transport cost

200.00

5. Solar Panel

1800.00

6. Solar charge controller

2500.00

7. Battery

800.00

TOTAL COST: 11,100.00

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION In the treatment system of drainage Waste water control by the motor, roller chain and sprocket, lifter and the collecting bin to achieve semiautomatic control of sewage waste water treatment. Drainage from industries is treated through this project to meet the national emission standards, with stable operation, low cost and good effect. Drainage waste water control is treated by this method to irrigate plants, clean toilets, etc. The cleaner functioned move effectively during the heavier rains which had more volume of running water with garbage and high velocity.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.

2.

3.

Nevon Projects project reference: https://nevonprojects.com/automateddraingutter-cleaner-project/ Paper References: https://www.irjet.net/archives/V5/i4/IRJETV5I4884.pdf Fabrication References: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3289 02622_DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_A UTOMATED_DRAINGUTTER_CLEANER_MA CHINE

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PHOTO VIEW OF THE PROJECT.

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TOP VIEW

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FRONT VIEW

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SIDE VIEW

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IN ACTION

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