Cessna Citation X - Wikipedia

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Cessna Citation X - Wikipedia

Cessna Citation X The Cessna Citation X[a] is an American long-range medium-

Cessna 750 Citation X

sized business jet aircraft. The Citation X is powered by two turbofan engines and is built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in Wichita, Kansas. The Citation brand of business jets encompasses six distinct "families" of aircraft. Although based on the earlier Citation III, VI and VII models, the Citation X is significantly different, differing in its wing design, avionics, and engines. The new Citation X+ has a 14-inch cabin stretch, upgraded engines and avionics. According to the manufacturer, it is currently the fastest civilian aircraft in the world.

Contents Development Citation X+ Design Airframe Engines Powered controls Avionics Elliptical winglets

Role

Business Jet

Manufacturer

Cessna

First flight

21 December 1993

Introduction

1996

Status

In production

Produced

1996 – present

Number built

333 as of 2016[1][2]

Unit cost

US$23.365 million (2015)[3]

Developed from Cessna Citation III Developed into

Cessna Citation Excel

Operators Specifications (Citation X) See also Notes References External links

Development When the Citation X was announced, the Citation 650 series, the "family" at the top of the product line, which includes the Citations III, VI, and VII, was eight years old. In 1990, Cessna made a proposition for an improved 650 model to their Customer Advisory Council. The council was interested in some new elements such as increased speed and a pressurized baggage compartment. This pushed Cessna toward the Citation X program, which became the new 750 series. Moreover, Cessna wanted to improve the image of the Citation family. The Citation models that emerged in the 1970s were originally intended to be practical and with good handling qualities. Consequently, they turned out to be much slower than the competing Learjets. Cessna had difficulties in shedding of the popular image of the Citation as a slow airplane, even https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_Citation_X

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though their jets had eventually become as fast as the competition. The development of the Citation X was first announced at

the

National

Business

Aviation

Association

Convention in New Orleans in October 1990, with the first prototype making its maiden flight on December 21, 1993.[4] Originally scheduled for August 1995, the certification of the Cessna Citation X was delayed several times. First, failure of the airframe and engine to meet Federal Aviation Administration requirements caused the planned certification date postponement to late November 1995. The main delay reasons were troubles

XOJET CESSNA Citation X @ KSNA July, 2014

integrating the avionics and the engine to the aircraft, high-altitude and low-speed engine flame out (high wing attack angles caused insufficient airflow), engines not meeting the bird strike criteria, and directional stability challenges. Efforts to increase the maximum take-off weight of the Citation X by about 800 pounds again delayed the FAA certification schedule, this time to April 1996. These changes were aimed at permitting a full-fuel payload of 1,400 pounds (seven passengers), but Cessna had difficulty achieving a balance between reducing Citation X cabin noise and minimizing the extra weight of sound-dampening materials. The certification, FAA FAR Part 25, Amendment 74, Certification 3, was finally achieved on June 3, 1996.[4] The first Citation X was delivered in July 1996 to golfer and long-time Cessna customer Arnold Palmer.[4] Once in use, the Citation X continued to set speed records. Arnold Palmer set one of them in September 1997: 473 knots (876 km/h) on a 5,000 km closed course. In February 1997, the Citation X design team was awarded the National Aeronautic Association's Robert J. Collier Trophy.[4] The Citation X was approved by Transport Canada on May 22, 1998, and by the European Joint Aviation Authorities in 1999. In October 2000, Cessna announced an upgrade for all Citation Xs to be delivered after January 1, 2002. The main characteristics of this upgraded version are a 5% increase in thrust, a 400 lb (180 kg) increase in maximum take-off weight and improved Honeywell avionics.[4]

Citation X+ In 2010, Cessna initiated a major update of the aircraft, initially dubbed the Citation Ten, which included upgraded AE3007C2 engines with new fans, Garmin G5000 flight displays with three 14-inch (36 cm) screens, and a heads-up display. The elliptical winglets that were available as an aftermarket option on the Citation X became standard, and a stretch of 38 cm was incorporated to improve passenger comfort. Due to a 1.4% improvement in Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) and increased thrust, the Citation X+ can support an increase in payload of 97 kg, an increase in cruise speed at FL490 from 460 to 479 knots, and a range increase of 190 nmi (352 km). First flight was completed on January 17, 2012. The height has been increased to 19 ft 3 in (5.85 m), length increased to 73 ft 7 in (22.43 m), wing span has been expanded to 69 ft 2 in (21.1 m), maximum takeoff weight has increased to 36,600 lb (16,602 kg), maximum cruise speed has increased to 527 knots (606 mph; 976 km/h) at FL350, and maximum range has increased to 3,242 nautical miles (3,731 mi; 6,004 km) (MTOW, Full Fuel, Optimal Climb and Descent, Mach 0.82 Cruise, FL450).[5]

Design Despite Cessna's long history of building business jets and the number of aircraft in the Citation family, the Citation X was in many ways a completely new aircraft. The wing, tail, tail cone, gear, and systems are designed from scratch and not based on existing aircraft. The Citation X is also the first aircraft from Cessna to use a Rolls-Royce engine and fully https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_Citation_X

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integrated avionics. Although the Citation X may look similar to its predecessors, it is almost entirely composed of new parts. Part commonality is limited to some cockpit controls, the windshield, and the tail light bulb. The pressure bulkhead is also similar to previous designs. The Citation X has the same fuselage diameter as the Citations VI and VII; however, the wing attachment to the fuselage is different from the attachment in any previous Citation. The aircraft incorporates a number of innovative design features. One attribute that is often first noticed is the large diameter of the engine intakes. This feature, related to the high bypass ratio turbofan, reduces the noise from the engines and improves fuel efficiency. Another obvious characteristic is the highly swept wing with a supercritical airfoil, used in order to increase the critical Mach number and therefore the top speed. The Citation X has 37 degrees of sweepback at the quarter chord, more than any other business jet and, among civil aircraft, second only to the Boeing 747's 37.5 degrees. The horizontal and vertical stabilizers are also highly swept and are arranged in a T-tail configuration.

Airframe A significant amount of effort throughout the design process was directed towards reducing the Citation X's total drag. The resulting design includes an area-ruled fuselage for efficient transonic flight, and the aforementioned highly swept supercritical wing. The Citation X's wing is slung below the fuselage rather than passing through it. This allows increased volume in the fuselage, a one-piece wing, and simplified wing-fuselage connections.

Engines Depending on the aircraft serial number, the Citation X is powered by either two Rolls-Royce AE 3007C (up to S/N 750172) or AE 3007C1 engines (S/N 750-173 and subsequent), each with 6442 lbs (28.66 kN) or 6764 lbs (30.09 kN)[6] of thrust, respectively. They are pod-mounted on the sides of the rear fuselage. It is the first Cessna aircraft to be powered by a Rolls-Royce engine. The engine has solid titanium blades and a three-stage low-pressure turbine. The engine's fan has approximately a 5 to 1 bypass ratio for improved fuel efficiency and low acoustic signature.

Powered controls Another first for Cessna is the inclusion of powered controls in the Citation X. The controls are powered by dual-hydraulic systems for redundancy. There are two elevators and the tailplane is all-moving for trim. The rudder is in two pieces: the lower portion is hydraulically powered and the upper portion is electrically powered. Each wing has five spoiler panels, to be used both for roll control (in addition to the ailerons) and as speed brakes. One of the major challenges of the Citation X design was finding enough space in the wing to run all the necessary hydraulic lines. As Paul Kalberer, the chief engineer of the Citation X program, explained, the Citation X needs just as many hydraulic pumps and actuators as a large airliner, but has much less space inside the wings.

Avionics Honeywell provides the avionics system for the glass cockpit. The Honeywell Primus 2000 EFIS flight director system is composed of five 7-inch × 8-inch CRT screens. Dual flight management systems with GPS are standard.

Elliptical winglets In 2008, Winglet Technology, with the help of Cessna, began flight testing epoxy/graphite elliptical winglets on a Citation X. Flight testing was nearing completion in late 2008, with FAA supplemental type certification expected in 2009. The winglets increase range by 150 nm, lower fuel burn by 4-5%, improve hot and high performance as well as climb rate, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_Citation_X

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permitting a climb to flight level 430 in 22 minutes, as opposed to 26 minutes without the modification. Climb to flight level 450 at maximum takeoff weight is possible without a step climb.[7] Cruise speed at altitude is expected to increase by 15 knots, and maximum takeoff weight will increase by 1200 lbs (545 kg). Excluding installation, the kit's projected cost is $395,000.[8]

Operators All of the aircraft are operated by private individuals, companies, charter operators and aircraft management companies.

Specifications (Citation X) Data from [9]

General characteristics Crew: 2 Capacity: 12 passengers[6] Length: 72 ft 4 in (22.05 m) Wingspan: 63 ft 7 in (19.38 m) Height: 19 ft 2 in (5.84 m) Wing area: 527.0 ft² (48.96 m²) Aspect ratio: 7.8:1 Empty weight: 21,600 lb (9,798 kg) Max. takeoff weight: 35,700 lb or 36,100 lb[6] (16,374 kg) Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce/Allison AE 3007C or 3007C1 turbofan, 6,442 lbs or 6,764 lbs (28.66 kN or 30.09 kN[6]) each

Performance Maximum speed: Mach 0.935 (MMO) Cruise speed: 527 KTAS (604 mph, 972 km/h) at 35,000 ft (10,700 m) Range: 3,216 nmi (3,700 mi, 5,956 km) Service ceiling: 51,000 ft (15,545 m) Rate of climb: 3,650 ft/min (18.6 m/s) Takeoff distance: 5,140 ft (1,567 m) Landing distance: 3,400 ft (1,036 m) Fuel capacity: 1,926 US gallons, 7,291 L

See also Related development Cessna Citation series

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era Gulfstream G200 Cessna Citation Sovereign Challenger 300 Dassault Falcon 50 Embraer Legacy 600 / 650 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessna_Citation_X

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Raytheon Hawker 4000

Notes a. X as in the Roman numeral for ten, not the letter

References 1. 2007 General Aviation Statistical Databook & Industry Outlook (https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/2007gamadata bookoutlook_pdf_498c889640.pdf) (PDF) (Report). General Aviation Manufacturers Association. p. 10. Retrieved 29 November 2017. 2. 2016 General Aviation Statistical Databook & 2017 Industry Outlook (https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/2016-GA MA-Databook_forWeb.pdf) (PDF) (Report). General Aviation Manufacturers Association. p. 12. Retrieved 29 November 2017. 3. "Business Jets Specification and Performance Data" (http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/upload s/2015/05/Business%20Airplane%20Tables_May_2015_revised.pdf) (PDF). Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week. May 2015. 4. Jackson 2003, p. 600. 5. "Cessna Citation X Specification and Description Preliminary" (https://web.archive.org/web/20170115235322/http://ce ssna.txtav.com/~/media/files/citation/x/xsd.ashx). March 2013. Archived from the original (http://cessna.txtav.com/~/m edia/files/citation/x/xsd.ashx) (PDF) on 2017-01-15. 6. Cessna. Model 750 Pilot's Operating Handbook. Wichita, KS: Cessna Aircraft Company. 7. "Winglet Technology Nearing Completion of Cessna Citation X Elliptical Winglet Flight Testing" (https://web.archive.or g/web/20081009045721/http://www.skycontrol.net/industry/winglet-technology-nearing-completion-of-cessna-citationx-elliptical-winglet-flight-testing/). Orlando, FL: Sky Control. 5 October 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.sky control.net/industry/winglet-technology-nearing-completion-of-cessna-citation-x-elliptical-winglet-flight-testing/) on 2008-10-09. Retrieved 22 June 2009. 8. Croft, John (10 October 2008). "New winglet manufacturer excels on Citation X" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/ar ticles/new-winglet-manufacturer-excels-on-citation-x-317202/). Washington DC: Flightglobal. Retrieved 22 June 2009. 9. Jackson 2003, pp. 600, 602. Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 07106-2537-5. Model 750 Pilot's Operating Handbook. Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, KS

External links Citation X product page (http://cessna.txtav.com/en/citation/x) Product page for the New Citation X (https://web.archive.org/web/20121103133801/http://www.cessna.com/citation/cit ation-x/new-citation-x-overview.html) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cessna_Citation_X&oldid=816346784" This page was last edited on 20 December 2017, at 19:57. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

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