Community-engagement-solidarity-and-citizenship (1).pptx

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY, AND CITIZENSHIP Grade 12- Socrates

LEARNING ABOUT COMMUNITIES

What is Community?



It is a small or large social unit that has something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity.

WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN ABOUT COMMUNITIES?

Different Social Science Disciplines

Sociology  is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture of everyday life. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, acceptance, and change or social evolution

Anthropology

 is the study of humans and human behavior and societies in the past and present.

Political Science  is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.

Social Psychology  It refers to the branch of psychology that scientifically studies social behavior, especially the interaction and influence of individuals and groups on each other.

Public Administration  Is the implementation of government policy and also an academic discipline that studies this implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service.

Human Geography

 The branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth’s surface

Linguistics  Is the scientific study of language. It involves analyzing language in context.

Development Studies  Is a multi-disciplinary branch of social science.

Economics  Is the social science that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.

History  Refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them.

Law

 Is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.

DEFINING COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY Community

• Late Middle English term

Communitas (Latin Word)

• Which means “Fellowship”

Communis (Latin Root)

• Means “Common”

PERSPECTIVE OF A COMMUNITY Social Science Perspective

Interaction

Relationships

Bond formed by individuals with other individuals

Below are some general definitions of community using a social science perspective:

 An informally organized social entity, characterized by a sense of identity;  A group of people living in the same defined area, sharing common basic values, organization, and interest;  A population which is geographically focused existing as unique social entity with a collective identity and purpose; and  A group of people with diverse characteristic, linked by social ties, formed and consolidated by their collective aspirations , sharing and exchanging perspectives, and are collectively engaged to do some concerted action in a geographical location or setting.

INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIAL INSTITUTION

Is social structure and social mechanism of social order and cooperation that govern the behavior of its members. Is a group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role

Institution

 Are established rules that ensure the regular and predictable behavior of actors within a community.

CATEGORIES OF INSTITUTION Formal Institution

Are explicitly communicated, embodied in legally codified documents or artifacts These serve as basis for the authority to be executed or expressed.

Informal Institutions Are practices, norms, traditions, culture, conduct, and belief systems of a community. These are not codified or written, but are nonetheless embedded in communities, operating due to the interactive process of preference exchanges and social expectations that occur therein.

Normative Refers to the ideal standards, models, or conduct that is based on what is collectively considered as appropriate or proper

CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE Civil Society

 Refers to a political community of organized groups operating within the authoritative parameters of the state.

Non-Government Organization

 An organization that operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to address a social or political issue.

Peoples Organization

Are independent, autonomous entities, officially registered and acknowledged as organizations according to the rules and standards set by the state

 Is the agency of the Government of the Philippines responsible for regulating the securities industry in the Philippines. In addition to its regulatory functions, the SEC also maintains the country's company register.

Beneficiary- Is the recipient of the results of the development efforts Legitimate- Lawfully/recognized organization Bogus- Fake or Spurious organization

Social Movement

 Is a form of collective behavior which springs largely from the attitudes and aspiration of its participants

Mass Action  Operates based on planned strategies and tactics for pursuing goal and objective.

ORGANIC PERSPECTIVE

 Refers to local or grassroots groups within a particular locale that are driven and organized because of community issues and concerns.

INDIVIDUAL DIMENSIONS OF A COMMUNITY

Interrelationship

 It can be facilitated through familial relations, affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network

Organization

 Is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a particular purpose.

COMMUNITY MAP

STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS OF A COMMUNITY

STRUCTURAL DIMENSION OF A COMMUNITY Geographic Dimension

 It focuses on how a community is shaped by the physical space it uses and the location of its resources--- Human, natural, technological.

Socio-Political Dimension

 Refers to the relationships of power and control between individuals and groups in a community.

Economic Dimension

 Refers to the means by which members of a community allocate, produce, and distribute scarce resources to address their wants and needs.

Exchange Value

 The quantified worth of a good or service as compared to other objects in the market.

Cultural Dimension

 It encompasses the values and beliefs that are passed on from one generation to another.

Culture

 It refers to the people’s way of life

COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND PROCESSES

TWO KINDS OF POWER STRUCTURES IN A COMMUNITY

Formal Power Structure  Are form the legal-authoritative basis of elected and appointed government officials and leaders of civic organization

Informal Power Structure  Refers to the ability to lead, direct or achieve without an official leadership title

Legal Authoritative decision-makers  Are individuals or bodies whose authority is based on formal rules and institution

Influencer  The person with the most influence, who can lead others to achieve a goal or accomplish a certain task.

Leadership

Refers to the process and qualities of command and decisiveness with regard to the necessary actions that ensure the welfare of the community.

Community Leader

 Are individuals selected, nominated, and appointed as stewards, vanguard, and champions of issues relevant to a community

S OC I AL C HAN GE

TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITY

TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITY Formal-Informal Typology Emphasizes leadership and power relations in the community.

Formal Community

 Are characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.

Informal Community

Are seen to typically operate through socio-cultural mechanisms within the community structures.

Local-Global Typology  Focuses on the scope and breadth of communities with respect to its geographic dimensions and the reach of its other dimensions.

Local Community

 Is a group of individuals interacting within a shared environment.

Global Community

Stretches beyond the frontiers of a local community, transcending national, supranational, and regional demarcations.  They consist of individuals and groups who share values, beliefs, preferences, needs, risks, interest, identities, and other attributes beyond physical , cultural, and politico-geographic borders.

Rural-Urban Typology  Is based on the distinction in terms of development, industrialization, ecological conditions, and life style.

Rural Community

Are characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along the periphery of urban centers or in the countryside

Urban Community

 Are described as industrialized and commercial centers where population density is relatively high compared to rural communities.

Community Sector

 Is a broad set of community-based organizations that voluntarily and autonomously function beyond government or state.

FUNCTIONS OF A COMMUNITY

 Production-Distribution-Consumption  Socialization  Social Control  Social Participation  Mutual Support

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT DEFINED

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

 Is a dynamic relational process that facilitates communication, interaction, involvement, and exchange between an organization and a community for a range of social and organizational outcomes.  It refers to the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well being of those people.

SOLIDARITY

Refers to the idea of unity or feeling of agreement among individuals with a common interest.  is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies cause creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes.

CITIZENSHIP

 is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation.

COMMUNITY ACTION AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

COMMUNITY ACTION

 A collective action by a community for the purposes of arresting a crisis, addressing a challenge, solving a problem, or accomplishing a specific outcome

PARTNERSHIP BUILDING

Refers to linking and strengthening the shared interest of sectors and accomplish common goals and objectives for mutual benefit

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP



is a cooperative arrangement between two or more public and private sectors, typically of a long-term nature.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

 is a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. Community wellbeing (economic, social, environmental and cultural) often evolves from this type of collective action being taken at a grassroots level.

PROCESS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTIC

It involves participation from a big segment of a community It is participated by well informed members It results to the decisions made through a consensus among community member It encourages group building, leadership development, and capacity building among community members, while addressing the issue at hand. It uses a systematic approach in addressing local concerns It is an examination of community problems issues in its entity and not as isolated and independent cases It uses processes that are flexible and may be applied to other community concerns. It is initiated often as a result of a potential or locally perceived crisis

CAPABILITY COMMITMENT CONTRIBUTION CONTINUITY COLLABORATION CONSCIENCE

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF COMMUNITIES

ISSUE

 Is a subject matter that people argue about or discuss

COMMUNITY PROBLEMS  Are conditions or qualifications of issues that are undesired by members of a community

CHARACTERISTIC OF A COMMUNITY PROBLEM Impact It has a direct and adverse impact on a community Duration It frequently occurs Scope and It affects many people within the Range community and those in proximal areas. Severity It disrupts community life Equity It deprives people of moral and legal rights Perception It is perceived as a problem by the community

HUMAN RIGHTS

Human Rights

 Are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Article 11

Right to Equality Freedom from Discrimination Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security Freedom from Slavery Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law Right to Equality before the Law Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile Right to Fair Public Hearing Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty

Article 12 Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family, Home and Correspondence Article 13 Right to Free Movement in and out of the Country Article 14 Right to Asylum in other Countries from Persecution Article 15 Right to a Nationality and the Freedom to Change It Article 16 Right to Marriage and Family Article 17 Right to Own Property Article 18 Freedom of Belief and Religion Article 19 Freedom of Opinion and Information Article 20 Right of Peaceful Assembly and Association

Article 21 Article 22 Article 23 Article 24 Article 25 Article 26 Article 27 Article 28 Article 29 Article 30

Right to Participate in Government and in Free Elections Right to Social Security Right to Desirable Work and to Join Trade Unions Right to Rest and Leisure Right to Adequate Living Standard Right to Education Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of Community Right to a Social Order that Articulates this Document Community Duties Essential to Free and Full Development Freedom from State or Personal Interference in the above Rights

Chito Gascon

Chairman, Commission on Human Rights

WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS  Is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

WRIT OF AMPARO  Is a remedy available to any person whose right to privacy in life, liberty or security is violated or threatened by an unlawful act or omission of a public official or employee, or of a private individual or entity engaged in the gathering, collecting or storing of data or information regarding the person, family, home and correspondence of the aggrieved party.

ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS  Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.  Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.  Section 3. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

 Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.  Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.  Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.  Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.

 Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.  Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.  Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.  Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.

 Section 12. 1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. 2.No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. 3.Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. 4. The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this Section as well as compensation to the rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.  Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.

 Section 14. 1. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. 2. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused: Provided, that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.  Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it.  Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.  Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Section 18. 1.No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. 2.No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Section 19. 1.Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. 2.The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law. Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act. Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

SOCIAL JUSTICE

Social Justice

 Is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society. This is measured by the explicit and tacit terms for the distribution of wealth, opportunities for personal activity, and social privileges.

“Social Justice as the humanization of laws and the equalization of laws and the equalization of social and economic forces by the so that justice may at least be approximated”

Senator Jose W. Diokno

Social Justice is a system of law that seeks to attain the following objectives: Respect our rights and freedoms as individuals and as a people. Eliminate poverty as quickly as our resources and abilities would allow: First, Provide everyone with their basic material needs then improve their standard of living and Change institution and structures to address inequalities

ARTICLE XIII SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1. The Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good. To this end, the State shall regulate the acquisition, ownership, use, and disposition of property and its increments. Section 2. The promotion of social justice shall include the commitment to create economic opportunities based on freedom of initiative and self-reliance.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

 Is a dynamic relational process that facilitates communication, interaction, involvement, and exchange between an organization and a community for a range of social and organizational outcomes.  It refers to the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well being of those people.

Four Pillars of Community Engagement  Information  Consultation  Involvement  Empowerment

Aside from the achievement of the four pillars of community engagement, successful community engagement also entails the guidance of various principle and goals among them: Increase in the knowledge of community members about the issues that are being addressed: Encourage communities to co-create additional knowledge or views pertaining to issues being addressed; Shared application of knowledge and new knowledge to address the issues of the community and; Create opportunities for improvement, communication channels, and engage the community in regular and continuous exchanges.

Participatory Development

Is a process through which stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives and over the decision and over the decisions and resources that affect themselves

Core Characteristics of Participatory Development  Cognitive– It generates new ways of understanding community issues and problems  Political– It capacitates powerless  Instrumental– It proposes alternative solutions

Majid Rahnema

SOCIAL EQUITY, GENDER EQUALITY, AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

APPROACHES IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

COMMUNITY PROFILING

ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE FIELD PRACTICUM

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE FIELD PRACTICUM