Cultural-and-moral-behavior.pptx

CULTURE AND ITS TO ROLE IN MORAL BEHAVIOR

CULTURE • Reflects the moral values and ethical norms governing how people should behave and interact with others • Refers to the outlook, attitude, values, goals, and practices shared by a group, organization, or society • Vary over time periods between countries and geographic regions, and among groups and organizations

MORAL BEHAVIOR Action or actions that produce good outcomes for the individuals as members of a community, or society. It can be applied to the whole global society. Schuman defines moral behavior as “Act intended to produce kind and /or fair outcomes To act according to ones moral values and standards. Children demonstrate prosocial and moral behavior when they share, help, co-operate, communicate, sympathize or in otherwise they demonstrate ability to care about others.

There are different sources that might influence the way a person behaves morally, these include our family, the community we belong, the religion we practice, our school, and even the virtual world we see- the social media. These factors may, in one way or another, affect our behaviour as a moral person.

THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A PERSONS MORAL BEHAVIOR

Family – the basic unit in a society. It includes one’s biological or adoptive family of orientation. The same provides us with our basic needs to survive and develop as a significant member of the society.

School – it may include formal or non- formal educational system that provides a child with his learning needs.

Church – the institution that determines what is specifically considered as right or wrong. It is composed of believers in the same faith.

Mass media – those agencies that are purposive of entertaining, informing and educating through various channels like the radio, television, printed materials etc.

CULTURAL NORMS •Are the shared, sanctioned, and integrated systems of beliefs and practices that are passed down through generations and characterize a cultural group

NORMS • Cultivate reliable guidelines for daily living and contribute to the health and well-being of a culture • They act as prescriptions for correct and moral behavior, lend meaning and coherence to life, and provide a means of achieving a sense of integrity, safety, and belonging • These normative beliefs, together with related cultural values and rituals, impose a sense of order and control on aspects of life that might otherwise appear chaotic or unpredictable

•This is where culture intersects with ethics. Since interpretations of what is moral are influenced by cultural norms, the possibility exists that what is ethical to one group will not be considered so by someone living in a different culture

EXAMPLE

The French and Americans have different views on whistleblowing. Compared to the French, American companies consider it to be a natural part of business. So natural, in fact, that they set up anonymous hotlines. The French, on the other hand, tend to view whistle-blowing as undermining solidarity among coworkers. French, on the other hand, tend to view whistle-blowing as undermining solidarity among coworkers.

CULTURAL BEHAVIOR Cultures vary substantially in both moral judgements and moral behaviors. Cultural variations in morality within the societies can vary much as cultural variations in morality between societies. Cultural factors contributing to this variation includes religion, social ecology (weather, crop conditions, population density, pathogen prevalence, residential mobility), and regulatory social institutions such as kinship structures and economic markets.

This variability raises questions for normative theories of morality, but also holds promise for future descriptive work on moral thought and behavior. Examples of within societal cultural differences on morality, to shoe that these can be as substantial and important as cross-societal differences. Whether between or within nations and societies, cultures vary substantially in their promotion and transmission of a multitude of moral judgements and behaviors.

Cultural behavior is behavior exhibited by humans (and, some would argue, by other species as well, though to a much lesser degree) that is extrasomatic or extragenetic—in other words, learned.

Example:

This is certainly a complex feat of engineering, but it is not cultural. This behavior is instinctive, built into the ants' behavior mechanisms. They cannot alter their plans or think of better ways to join leaves. They cannot teach or be taught to do so.However, there are examples of animals that can learn behaviors, such as dogs and cats.

• A dog doesn't know instinctively not to urinate or defecate indoors, but it can be taught not to do so. • Dogs are capable of learning specific behaviors. • A dog's acquisition of a behavior satisfies one of the requirements of culture, but it also fulfills another. • If you were to take a dog that has learned not to eliminate indoors to a different house, it would still know not to urinate there. • This is because the dog has made a generalization. It knows not to urinate or defecate in any house, not just the one in which it was taught.

•Cultural behavior must involve the use of artifacts. •Example in the animal world is the termite stick.

It is not genetically programmed. Not all chimps do it, as would happen if it were built into the chimps’ genes. It involves several complex generalizations and ides, involving understanding the termites’ behavior and how to exploit it and conceiving of a tool with which to do so. It is taught by mother chimps to their offspring and ir involves the use of an artifact: the stick itself

CULTURAL RELATIVISM Is the view that ethical system and cultural beliefs vary from one culture to another. It is uphold that said ethical system are all equal in validity and of relevance. It cames from the idea that moral standards are product of society. This philosophical principle started from the Greek philosopher Protagoras Of Abdera.

Protagoras of Abdera - was born in Abdera, a costal town in northern- must Aegean Sea. He was said to be the oldest and the most influence among all the sophists who had came to Athens. He spent the most of his adult life travelling throughout the Greek impire, teaching everyone for a fee. He was probably the first Greek to earn money in higher education and was considered as the most notorious for the extremely high fees he charged. As a teacher, his audience consisted mainly of wealthy men from Athens’ social and commercial elite.

Protagoras is known for three claims: 1.That man is the measure of all things, of the things are not that they are not. 2.That he could make the worse argument appear better or weaker argument appear to be not stronger. 3.That one could not tell if the Gods existed or not. According to Protagoras, knowledge is limited to the persons various perceptions. But such perceptions will differ with each person. He believed that man’s knowledge is measured by what he perceived.

Moral Relativism - is the idea that there is no universal or absolute set of moral principle. Its a version of morality that advocates “to each her own,” and those who follow it say “who am I to judge?” Protagoras believed that the young should be educated to accept and support the tradition of their society, not because this tradition is true but because it makes possible a stable society.

Doctrine of Ethical Relativism - also known as moral relativism is the ideas arises when the laws and moral rules are based, not upon nature but upon convention. Moral Relativist - went on with the idea of Protagoras by saying what is moral relativism. Standards of right and wrong are always relative to a particular culture. Argue that there exist no point from which these norms can be upheld, no universal or absolute criteria they can be criticized. Would have the claim that whether an action as regard right or wrong depends upon the society judging it. They claim that the different sets of moral principles are of equal worth and nobody can claim that their moral beliefs and culture is better than that of the others.

Ethical relativism - appears to be self-contradictory and inconsistent. In as much as this ethical school of thought upholds the idea that there is no absolute truth and that truth is relative to the systems of belief of every culture, they, therefore, should not insist that their theory should not be accepted by everyone. This is because everybody would accept their ethical theory, then it will already be contradicting their belief that there is no absolute truth. - must not accept the ethical relativists own ethical belief. Another issue is the sense of thoughtless that one feels towards persons who are victims of an accident. This sense of thoughtless does not depend on one’s sociocultural considerations or upbringings. Nevertheless, it has almost become part of every individual to have always the desire to be a service to those who are in need. This is actually part of the fulfillment of a person as a person. In this case, whether we are in Christians or Muslims, we seem to be always obliged to lend a helping hand to those who are in need. This consideration shows that ethical relativism is open to serious doubt and does not seem to be correct in all cases.

ASIAN AND FILIPINO MORAL BEHAVIOR Moral Behavior. To act accordingly to ones moral values and standards. Children demonstrate pro social and moral behavior when they share, help, co-operate, communicate, sympathize or in otherwise they demonstrate ability to care about others.

Norms. Are expectation of proper behavior not the requirement of that behavior. Normas are the way that individual expects all the people to act in a given situation. Norms are informal about what is considered normal (what is correct or incorrect) social behavior in a particular group or social unit. Types of Norms 1. Formal social norms are based on the societis laws. The laws are created by Us for us so we can live in peace as a society. 2. Informal social norms are the norms we have that are based on culture and social interactions, these very between groups in the same society and cultures depending on your social identity and group belonging

Types of Informal Norms • Mores is a set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices. Mores derive from the established practices of a society rather than its written laws. • Folkway A custom or belief common to members of a society or culture.

Values. Values are a collective representation of what constitutes a good life or a good society. Values are important and lasting belief or ideals shared by members of a culture about what is good or bad or desirable or undesirables. Values have major influence on a person’s behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situation.

https://youtu.be/IazZLVwUJUA FILIPINO CORE VALUES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Respect for elders (Paggalang sa nakatatanda) Empathy (Pag-intindi sa nararamdaman ng iba) Deep regard for fellow humans (Pakikipagkapwa-tao) Patriotism (Pagiging makabayan) Cultural continuity (Pagpapatuloy sa kultura)

Belief. Belief are criteria of abstract thought that does not necessarily evoke actions. It may instigate or forces certain quest in the environment that coheres onto the behavior in a certain manner.