Economic And Eco-friendly Analysis Of Solar Power Refrigeration System

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Economic and Eco-friendly Analysis of Solar Power Refrigeration System Conference Paper · March 2017

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National Conference on Recent trends in Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture and Science, ‘NCETEMPAS - 2017’

Economic and Eco-friendly Analysis of Solar Power Refrigeration System R. G. Jakasania Ph.D. Scholar Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India [email protected]

J. D. Varu Post-Graduation Student Dept. of renewable energy and rural engineering Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India [email protected]

Prof. A. L. Vadher Assistant Professor Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India [email protected]

Dr. R. K. Kathiria Associate Research Scientist Office of the D. R. and Dean P. G. Studies Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh, Gujarat, India [email protected]

Abstract A large number of people in developing countries like India still live in rural and remote area were the grid electricity is not available or not predicted by the people. So the storage of drugs and food is not possible because of requirement of low temperature. The aim of this paper is to promote efficient and cost effective implementation of advanced solar cooling systems and techniques for rural and remote area. This work provides an economic comparison between conventional systems versus solar power refrigeration system. The initial cost of whole solar power refrigeration system is very high compared to conventional but payback period of solar power refrigeration system is very fast, so it is cost effective as compared to the existing refrigeration systems. Economically it is giving better results, also this is environment friendly as the release of CO2/kWh in conventional based refrigeration system and no such type of emissions takes place in case of solar based refrigeration system. Hence the system selected is technically proven, environment friendly and economically better. Keywords — Energy; Payback period; Photovoltic; Refrigerator; Vapor compression refrigerator. I. INTRODUCTION In the current situation the energy demand is increasing with increasing in the population and improvement in the living standard. Energy is the crucial input to the social, economic, industrial and technological development of any country. A rational use of energy brings

both economic and environmental benefits, by reducing consumption of fossil fuels, electricity and pollutant emissions. The International Institute of Refrigeration in Paris (IIF/IIR) has estimated that approximately 15 per cent of all the electricity produced in the whole world is employed for refrigeration and air-conditioning processes [1]. In a tropical country, like India, refrigeration is most widely used and generally the most energy consuming process [2]. In general, refrigeration is defined as any process of heat removal from a place for preserving foods and medicines by enhancing their shelf life [3]. For the storage of life saving drugs or vaccines in the innumerable area of the developing country where the power supply is still irregular renewable has to be a central part of energy solution. Out of the various renewable sources of energy, solar energy proves to the best candidate for cooling because of the coincidence of the maximum cooling load with the period of greatest solar radiation input [4]. Cooling from solar energy has great potential for lower running costs, greater reliability and a longer working life than other conventional cooling systems where as it may also contribute in the reduction of global warming. In India more than 20% of the population are living in remote and rural areas where the people are not accessing the electric power and hence they are much aware of application of the refrigeration purpose. Also it is noted that the most of the rare spices and honey are produced in such areas and produced things can’t be preserved properly because of non-availability of cold storage which requires electric power to operate [5]. Solar energy is the promising

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National Conference on Recent trends in Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture and Science, ‘NCETEMPAS - 2017’

energy source which can be readily recovered and can be utilized for the purpose. The economic advantage of solar cooling systems results from much lower operation costs which include the costs for power and maintenance. Especially the electrical power consumption of a solar cooling system influences the economics strongly. At present, investment costs are higher for solar cooling systems than for comparable compressor based cooling units. Thus, the full potential of solar cooling is far from being realized. So the objective of this study was economic and eco-friendly analysis of solar power refrigeration system. II. MATERIAL AND METHODS A. System description: A PV panel consisting of three modules (125 Watt peak each) connected in series was used to obtain the desired voltage and current, respectively. Three 12 V, 7 Ah sealed lead acid battery was used to supply the power at starting time and ensure for the smooth operation. The refrigerator operates on an alternative current based compressor (Make: Godrej) unlike the ac compressor used in the common domestic refrigerators. Technical specifications of the solar refrigerator and balance of system (BOS) for the power supply are given in Table Ι and Π. TABLE I. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF SOLAR REFRIGERATOR

Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 5.

6. 7.

Parameters

Specification

Storage capacity Door Type of refrigeration Compressor 1. Make 2. Power consumption 3. Refrigerant 4. Operating voltage Maximum and Minimum internal temperature Dimension (L × W × H)

20 litres Front opening Vapour Compression LG 70 W CH2FCF3 (134a) 230 V Ac -10 °C to 4 °C 690 × 475 × 490

TABLE II. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF THE COMPONENTS FOR THE POWER SUPPLY

Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Parameters Number of panels Make Max. power output Size of the array (L×B) Battery bank 1. Make 2. No. of battery 3. Rated voltage

Specification 2 JJ, Rajkot 125Wp 1.6× 1.2 meter

6.

4. Rating 7 Ah 5. Type of the battery Sealed lead acid Inverter cum charge controller 1. Make Microtek 2. Rated capacity 1 kvA 3. Input voltage 24 V

B. Cost or payback analysis The unit cost of power supply from the year 20012011 has been analysed. On the basis of these data for Delhi (DVB), the average increase of cost of power in one year comes out to be around 5.5% and these values has been chosen for calculating the payback time [6]. The prototype setup is selected for the analysis and the selected cost is = 5500 A conventional refrigerator is taken after calculating the ac power requirement which comes out is 80 watts. Considering the total hours of usage the total energy demand per day is calculated which comes out =80 × 24 hrs = 1920 Watts hour The total energy usage per year is calculated as =1920 × 365 days =700800 watts hour =700 kWh/year Cost of electricity as per Rajkot tariff structure, the domestic energy charges are 5.5/So that, the total running cost is =700 × 5.5 =Rs. 3850 per year TABLE III.

COST OF A CONVENTIONAL REFRIGERATOR

Capital cost (in rupees) Running cost for one year (in rupees) Running cost for 10 years(in rupees) Total cost (in rupees)

5,500 3,850 38,500 44,000

Now total cost of solar domestic refrigerator, Cost of single watt Cost of single module (for 100 Watts)

= 70 = 100 × 70 =7.000 Total cost of modules required (for 2) = 7,000 × 2 =14,000 Cost of Inverter is = 6500 Cost of Exide battery is =8800. Total cost of set up for the working of a solar ac domestic refrigerator is =14000 + 6500 + 8800 =Rs. 29,300 C. Energy consumption based analysis

Matrix 3 12 V DC

The total life assumed for the refrigerator is of 10 years and on basis of it, the cumulative energy units (kWh)

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National Conference on Recent trends in Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture and Science, ‘NCETEMPAS - 2017’

and cumulative electricity sales (Rs.) has been calculated for the purpose of comparison and to found the total saving in terms of energy and cost between conventional and solar based refrigeration systems. D. Eco-friendly analysis The calculation has been done on the basis of CO2 emissions produced by conventional refrigeration system and also there is no emissions produced for solar based refrigeration system. The duration of emissions has been taken for a lifetime of 10 years [7].

TABLE IV.

Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

A. Payback analysis From the table 5 shown below, the payback time has been calculated. An initial system cost is to be taken for the year 2013 and with the values of increment of electricity sales, in the year of 2020 the final payback period has been analyzed. These values have been used for plotting a graph between solar powered refrigerator and electricity powered refrigerator for the cost analysis.

DATA OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR 10 YEAR

Energy and Electricity Consumption For 10 years Energy Cumulative Electricity No. of years kWh/Year Energy Sales (kWh) (Rs.) Year 0 0 Year 1 700 700 3850 Year 2 700 1400 4200 Year 3 700 2100 4200 Year 4 700 2800 4550 Year 5 700 3500 4550 Year 6 700 4200 4900 Year 7 700 4900 4900 Year 8 700 5600 5250 Year 9 700 6300 5250 Year 10 700 7000 5600

TABLE V.

2013 Year 1 Initial System Cost for Solar Refrigerator Running cost for Conventional Refrigerator (Rs.) Cumulative Running Cost (Rs.) Payback Cost (Rs.)

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

2014 Year 2

3850 8050 12250 16800 21350 26250 31150 36400 41650 47250

TABLE OF PAYBACK ANALYSIS

REVENUES AND EXPENSES 2015 2016 2017 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

29,300

Cumulative Electricity Sales (Rs.)

2018 Year 6

2019 Year 7

2020 Year 8

Running Cost

3,850

4,200

4,200

4,550

4,550

4,900

4,900

3,850

8,050

12,250

16,800

21,350

26,250

31,150

-25450

-21250

-17050

-12500

-7950

-3050

1850

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National Conference on Recent trends in Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture and Science, ‘NCETEMPAS - 2017’

Hence, the saving per year is = Rs 17,910 Hence, the saving per year is = Rs. 1791 C. Eco-friendly calculation The total energy units (kWh) for 10 years, from the above calculation is = 7000kWh The amount of emission of CO2 for the production of electricity is = 0.98CO2/kWh. Hence, the total amount of emission of CO2 in 10 years by conventional refrigeration system is = 0.98 × 7000 = 6860 kg

IV. CONCLUSION

Fig. 1. Graph of cost comparison of solar and conventional refrigerator.

From the above table and graph it is found that the solar and electrical energy costs intersect at 7th year of operation which is the payback period. Since the maintenance cost is low or approximately nil, it appears that the PV energy becomes almost free after 6 years and it demonstrates the economic effectiveness. Therefore, electrical energy will cost more than solar energy especially for large scale application the cost will increase. B. Energy analysis It is to be found that for 10 years the energy kWh consumption/ year = 700kWh. The cumulative energy kWh consumption for 10 years = 7,000kWh. But for the running of solar based refrigeration system, there is no consumption of electricity throughout the year. Hence there is a saving of total electric energy which is beneficial in terms of energy saving. Instead for some environmental conditions, it may be required to run the solar based machine on electric energy, that loss is about to be found 10%. So that, the total saving of energy is obtained as to be= 6,300kWh. The prototype setup cost is

= 5500

The total cumulative electricity sales are coming out to be =47,250 (for 10 years). The total cost of a selected refrigerator for 10 years is = 5,500 + 47,250 = Rs. 52,750 Now, for the case of solar based refrigeration system the total initial cost is =14000 + 6500 + 8800 + 5500 =Rs 34.800 The saving of cost in 10 years is with a difference of = 52,750 - 34,840 =Rs. 17,910

Solar power refrigeration system is the need of future. The prototype setup developed by us suggests that the system performs well and this approach to refrigeration is a viable solution for the commercial as well as industrial and domestic use. It is to be concluded that on comparison of solar and conventional based refrigeration system, Solar based is proved to be technically better, also economically it is saving a good amount in terms of money and as the emissions are very much less in solar based system. An amount of. Rs. 17,910 has been saved for a lifetime of 10 years by using the solar based refrigeration and there is a saving of energy 7000 kWh in 10 years which is a tempting approach towards using solar based system. Using solar based system, the amount of CO2 emissions has been removed completely while there are emissions produced by conventional based system. An alluring value has been generated and this system can go for a carbon based credit to make the environment eco-friendly. This system will gives a very high saving of cost when used in small industries and for domestic purposes where still there is the crisis of electricity or in the regions of hot climates. REFERENCES [1]

[2]

[3] [4]

[5]

[6] [7]

Abdulateef, J.M., Sopian, K., Alghoul, M.A. and Sulaiman, M.Y. (2009). Review on solar-driven ejector refrigeration technologies. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Rev., 13(6-7): 1338-1349. Modi, Anish, Chaudhuri, Anirban, Vijay, Bhavesh and Mathur, Jyotirmay (2010). Performance analysis of a solar photovoltaic operated domestic refrigerator. Appl. Energy, 86 (12):2583-2591. Rathor, N.S. and Panwar, N.L. (2010). Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic refrigerating system. IE (I) J.-ID. 90:15-16. Syed, A.M.S., Maged, A.I.E. and Muhammad, U.S. (2012). Alternative designs for a 24-h operating solar-powered absorption refrigeration technology. Internat. J. Refrigeration, 35:1967-1977. Desidari, U., Proietti, S. and Sdringola, P. (2009). Solar-powered cooling system: Technical and economic on industrial refrigeration and air-conditioning applications. Appl. Energy, 86:1376-1386. Mehmet A.A. (2011). Experimental study of a multi-purpose PV refrigerator system. Internat. J. Physical Sci., 6(4):746-757. Nawaz I., Ankur K. and Ravi S. R. (2012). Energy Efficient Solar Refrigeration System. VSRD International Journal of Mechanical, Auto. & Prod. Engg. 2 (1):1-8.

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