Ee-212: Basic Electronics Lab 4: Introduction To Mesh Analysis

Department of Electrical Engineering

Instructor: Aqeel Ahmed Qureshi Semester: 4th

Date: 4th March, 2014

Section: BESE-3A

EE-212: Basic Electronics Lab 4: INTRODUCTION TO MESH ANALYSIS Name

Reg. Report Viva Total/15 No Marks / Marks / 10 5

Asad Sarwar

873

Nabeel Ali Sajid

587

Zubair Aslam

251

EE-212: Basic Electronics

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INTRODUCTION TO MESH ANALYSIS Introduction

This laboratory execise is meant to enble the students to accomplish mesh analysis of simple circuits and correlate measured vaues with the theoretical calculations of voltages and currents through various circuit elements.

Objectives The following are the broad objectives of this lab:  Circuit setup on bread board.  Calculate the currents and voltages in the valarious circuit elements.  Use the DMM as a ammeter and voltmeter to measure the various currents and voltages.  Explain deviations in results in case these are encountered during the experiment.

Conduct of Lab The students are required to work in groups of three to four; each student must attempt to understand and use the laboratoy set-up and conduct at least one or two parts of the requirement experimentation. The lab attendents and Teaching Assistants will be available to assit the students. In case some aspect of the lab experiment is not understood the students are advised to seek help from the teacher, the lab attendent or the assigned Teaching Assistant (TA).

Lab Equipment

The following equipment would be used in this experiment:  Test test bench  The Multimeter  The Power Supply  Digital Multimeter

EE-212: Basic Electronics

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Pre Lab: Mesh Analysis: Mesh analysis is a method that is used to solve planar circuits for the currents (and indirectly the voltages) at any place in the circuit.The mesh analysis method is based on the systematic application of KVL. Calculate the voltage across each resistor by applying KVL for your practice. R1 1k

V1 10Vdc

R2 1k

R7

R8

1k

1k

R3 100k

R5

R6

10k

10k

R9 1M

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Lab Tasks: 1) Circuit for Analysis by MESH Analysis Method. a) For the circuit given below use MESH ANALYSIS to measure and calculate all the currents and voltages for each circuit element. The first step is to calculate the values of currents ,to accomplish do the following. i) Measure all the currents and voltages. ii) Caluculate the power delivered /absorbed by each circuit element. iii) Write thefinal set of equations necessary to calculate the currents. iv) Fill in TABLE 1a & 1b. CAUTION DO NOT SWITCH ON POWER TILL YOU HAVE GOTTEN YOUR CIRCUIT CHECKED BY YOUR TEACHER /LAB ATTENDANT / TA

I5

M3

IA M1

I1 FIGURE 1 I2

EE-212: Basic Electronics

I3 I4

M2

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THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS: S.NO

ELEMENT

VOLTAGE (V)

CURRENT (mA)

CALCULATED

MEASURED

CALCULATED

MEASURED

POWER (mW) Calc. Meas.

1

V1

10

9.97

6.98

7.03

69.8

70.09

2

R1

3.31

3.3

3.3

3.28

10.92 10.82

3

R2

6.69

6.66

0.67

0.67

4.48

4

R3

12.38

12.3

2.63

2.63

32.55 32.44

5

R4

6.32

6.31

6.31

6.37

39.88 40.19

6

R5

3.69

3.65

3.68

3.64

13.58 13.29

7

V2

12

11.99

2.63

2.63

31.56

4.46

31.53

TABLE 1a b) Now simulate the above circuit in PSpice and record the values of voltages and currents in the table below and find out the percentage deviation in the measured and simulated values. c) By using the printscreen option save the simulation and attach in lab report.

EE-212: Basic Electronics

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EE-212: Basic Electronics

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S.N ELEMEN O T

VOLTAGE (V)

CURRENT (mA)

%age DEVIATION

SIMULATED

MEASURED

SIMULATED

MEASURED

V

I

1

V1

10

9.97

6.98

7.03

-0.30

0.71

2

R1

3.31

3.3

3.3

3.28

-0.30

-0.61

3

R2

6.69

6.66

0.67

0.67

-0.45

0.00

4

R3

12.38

12.3

2.63

2.63

-0.37

0.00

5

R4

6.32

6.31

6.31

6.37

-0.16

0.94

6

R5

3.69

3.65

3.68

3.64

-1.10

-1.10

7

V2

12

11.99

2.63

2.63

-0.08

0.00

TABLE 1b 2) Explain any discrepancies between the calculated and measured values There are very little differences in the easured and the calculated values and that is due to the internal resistance of the system i.e. wires and resistors which we do not include in our calculations but are offered to the circuit and hence causes differences. 3) Circuit For Analysis using Super MESH Concept.. a) For the circuit given below use SUPER MESH CONCEPT calculate all the currents and voltages for each circuit element. Set up the circuit give below and do the following: i) Measure all the currents and voltages. EE-212: Basic Electronics

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ii) Caluculate the power delivered /absorbed by each circuit element. iii) Fill in TABLE 2a & 2b. I5

CAUTION DO NOT SWITCH ON POWER TILL YOU HAVE GOTTEN YOUR CIRCUIT CHECKED BY YOUR TEACHER /LAB ATTENDANT / TA

I6 IB

I1

I3 M4

IA I2

M1

M3

I4

M2

FIGURE 2

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THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS: S.N O

ELEMEN T

1

V1

2

R1

3

R2

4

R3

5

R4

6

R5

7

R6

8

V2

VOLTAGE (V)

CURRENT (mA)

POWER (mW) Calc.

Meas.

6.42

129.8

128.4

10.75

10.80

115.6

115.3

9.35

1.85

1.65

17.1

15.4

4.7

4.65

0.47

0.43

2.2

2.0

4.64

4.70

4.64

4.66

21.5

21.9

4.26

4.34

4.26

4.19

18.1

18.2

19.59

19.67

4.17

4.22

81.7

83.0

15

15

8.43

8.67

126.5

130.1

CALCULATED

MEASUR ED

CALCULATED

MEASURED

20

20

6.49

10.75

10.68

9.25

TABLE 2a

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b) Now simulate the above circuit in PSpice and record the values of voltages and currents in the table below and find out the percentage deviation in the measured and simulated values. c) By using the printscreen option save the simulation and add them in reprt.

EE-212: Basic Electronics

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S.N ELEMEN O T

VOLTAGE (V)

CURRENT (mA)

%age DEVIATION

SIMULATED

MEASURED

SIMULATED

MEASURE D

Calc.

Meas.

1

V1

20

20

6.48

6.42

0.00

-0.93

2

R1

10.74

10.68

10.74

10.80

-0.56

0.56

3

R2

9.26

9.35

1.85

1.65

0.96

-15.63

4

R3

4.62

4.65

0.46

0.43

0.65

-6.98

5

R4

4.64

4.70

4.64

4.66

1.28

0.43

6

R5

4.26

4.34

4.26

4.19

1.84

-1.67

7

R6

19.62

19.67

4.17

4.22

0.25

1.18

8

V2

15

15

8.43

8.67

0.00

2.77

TABLE 2b Explain any discrepancies between the calculated and measured values There are very little differences in the easured and the calculated values and that is due to the internal resistance of the system i.e. wires and resistors which we do not include in our calculations but are offered to the circuit and hence causes differences.

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3. Considering the time it took to measure the values of voltage and current across the elements, and the time it took to perform mesh analysis on paper, would you agree that mesh analysis is an effective circuit analysis technique? Explain your answer. Mesh analysis is a very good technique for such circuits where only voltage sources are used because the time to solve this problem on paper is very less as compared to the circuit analysis after implementation on hardware though the results are same with very little ignorable differences. So I think Mesh analysis is the best and most easiest method to analyze such circuits. 4. Please explain briefly what you have learned in this lab and any difficulties you encountered. In this lab we learnt about the implementation of Mesh analysis on hardware. We patched the circuits on hardware and analyzed it and also analyze using Mesh on paper and then found if there were any differences. We hardly found any difference. The only difference is the time taken by both these methods. On paper time is very less as compared to the time taken to implemnt on hardware and analyze it. The difficulty was when we got our circuit short somewhre and the currents were calculated incorrectly. Conclusion: In this lab we learnt the implementation of Mesh analysis both on paper and on the hardware. We analyzed the circuits and found the differences in the calculated, measured and simulated values.

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