Electrical Design Calculations Of Residential Commercial Buildings 1

Electrical Design Calculations Of Residential / Commercial Buildings

Power Point Presentation By owerPoint lecture prPoesented by: ENGR. VIRGILIO S. LUZARES ‘govhil’

• IIEE Governor , Central Luzon Region • IIEE Life Member • GM, Luzares ENERGY

[email protected]

IIEE Professional Training & Development Committee

I. Introduction Purpose This article is intended for PEE, REE, and RME who are starting to prepare electrical plans and specifications. The following discussions contain basic knowledge and requirements in the electrical design of single storey and single occupancy residential building, and high-rise residential/commercial condominium buildings. Reminder In accordance with the New Electrical Engineering Law (RA#7920), Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE), Registered Electrical Engineer (REE), and Registered Master Electrician (RME) may prepare electrical plans, specifications and other related documents but only a PEE can sign and seal these plans, specifications, other related documents, and practice electrical engineering in its full scope.

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II. Review of Basic Design Requirements 2.1.0 Definition The definitions in PEC1 2009 apply in this presentation and only selected additional definitions which are applicable and necessary in the design of high-rise residential/commercial condominium building are presented.

2.1.1. Building A roofed structure, which stands alone or that is cut-off from adjoining structures by firewalls with all openings therein are protected by approved fire doors and which is constructed with columns, walls and flooring, and intended for the support, shelter or enclosures of person, animal, chattel, or property of any kind.

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2.1.2 Classification of Building 2.1.2.1 Based on Intended Use or Occupancy

A) Residential: A building consisting of one or more dwelling units, usually for the use of the owner. A dwelling unit is composed of one or more rooms for the use of one or more persons as their permanent housekeeping unit with space for eating, living, sleeping, and permanent provisions for cooking and sanitation. B) Commercial: A building consisting of one or more commercial units for the use of the owner and/or others. A commercial unit is composed of one or more rooms for the use of one or more persons, usually for profit making enterprise. C) Residential and/or Commercial Condominium: A condominium building consisting of a combination of residential and commercial units, wherein the units are designed and constructed for independent use or ownership in accordance with the Condominium Law (RA#4726). Furthermore, the unit owners have to form a corporation to handle mainly their common interests. 4

ILLUSTRATION #1A Roof

Occupant A Building A (Elevation)

Air space separation or fire wall

Occupant B Building B (Elevation)

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2.1.2.2 Based on the Number of Occupancies A) Single Occupancy: A building with one (1) unit occupancy. In single occupancy and residential building, the building has only one (1) dwelling unit as shown in Illustration #1A.

B) Multiple Occupancy: A building with two (2) or more units of occupancies. In multiple occupancy and residential building, the building has two (2) or more dwelling units. In multiple occupancy and commercial building, the building has two (2) or more commercial units. In multiple occupancy building also, the building may consist of residential and commercial units. When the units of a multiple occupancy building are owned by different persons or entities, such as a condominium, a common administrator has to be appointed by the owners. Refer to Illustrations #1B, #1C, and #1D.

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ILLUSTRATION # 1B Roofing

Wall partition

Air space

Air space Occupant 1

Occupant 2

Occupant 3

Ground level

Building C (Elevation) 7

ILLUSTRATION #1C Firewall Roofing

Roofing

Firewall .4m - 1.0m height Roofing

Air space

Air space Firewall Occupant 1

Occupant 2

Occupant 3

Ground Level

Building D (Elevation)

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2.1.2.3 Based on Height or Number of Storeys. National Building Code (PD1096): A) Low-rise: One(1) storey to five(5) storeys or three(3) meters to fifteen meters above established grade. Generally not requiring an elevator if the building is for residential use. B) Medium-rise: Six(6) storeys to fifteen(15) storeys or eighteen(18) meters to forty five(45) meters above established grade. Electric power needed for elevators. C) High-rise: Sixteen(16) storeys or more or forty eight(48) meters or higher above established grade. Electric power is needed for elevators, and warning lights. Lightning protection system is also required.

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Low Rise, Single Occupancy

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III. Electrical Design of a Single Storey, and Single Occupancy Residential Building. 3.0 General Although the electrical design of a low-rise residential building is already a project design subject in most colleges, it is discussed here because the design processes, criteria, methods, requirements of the owners, architect, electric utility, and others are almost similar to the electrical design of a high-rise condominium building. 3.1 Design Processes In most cases, the electrical design starts from an architectural layout and other drawings, such as the drawing shown in Figure 3.1A.

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Not to Scale b Sab SALA a

a

b. Location Plan Not to Scale

a To Marilao Municipal Hall

Lias Road

16m

7m N

DINING

Sc

9m

Residential Building

Rizal St.

c

9m

E

W

S

S 18m

Service Equipment

4m

8m

4m

T&B c

S

LOT

BEDROOM KITCHEN

8m

Figure 3.1A Architectural Layout 12

3.1.1 Review of the Design Requirements The design requirements are not just whims/caprices of electrical designers, electrical utilities, municipal/city electrical engineers or electricians, and others. The following are some requirements which may enlighten the user of this handout: 3.1.1.1 Location Plan The location plan will guide the electrical design engineers, inspectors from the office of the local building official, inspectors from the local electric utility, prospective bidders, and other persons who have interests in the project. Pls. refer to Figure 3.1A & Figure 3.2B. 3.1.1.2 Electrical Layout The electrical layout is similar to the architectural layout except that the electrical layout contains the interconnection of the service drop/lateral, service entrance, service equipment, feeder, subfeeder, load center, panelboards, branch circuit, and nomenclature of occupancies. Pls. refer to Figure 3.2A For large projects, the electrical layout for the service drop/lateral, service entrance, service equipment, feeder/subfeeders, load centers and panelboards are separated from the branch circuit. For large and complicated projects, further separation might be necessary.

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3.1.1.3 Legend or Symbol These help in understanding the electrical plan. The recommended symbols are shown in Appendix A of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2009. However, other symbols can be used, especially the local symbols which are easily understood in the area. 3.1.1.4 General Notes and/or Specifications These are general requirements and shall show the following: A) Nature of electrical service, including number of phases, number of wires, voltage and frequency. B) Type of wiring These include service entrance, feeders, subfeeders, and branch circuit wires for lighting and power load. C) Special equipment to be installed, including rating and classification of services or duty cycle. D) Methods of grounding 14

E) Type and rating of main disconnecting means, overcurrent protection, and branch circuit wiring. F) Clearance and mounting height of service equipment, electric meter, panelboard and devices. 3.1.1.5 Design Analysis This is a computation or selection of the following: A) Size/type/number of wires and size/type of conduits for branch circuits, sub-feeders, feeders, busways and service entrance. B) Type, rating and trip setting of overload protective devices C) Short circuit current and interrupting capacity of overcurrent protection device. D) Voltage Drop

3.1.1.6 Schedule of Loads. This is a load tabulation which indicates the following: a.) Branch circuit for each load or combination of loads. b.) Rating of each load and the corresponding computations. c.) Source of electric power and rating of service equipment protective device and disconnect. d.) Number of phases, type and the size of wiring. 15 e.) Service entrance, feeder, subfeeder, etc.

3.1.1.7 Single Line or Riser Diagram (Pls. refer to Figure 3.2C)

This shows a comprehensive interconnection, size, and rating of the service drop/lateral, service entrance, service equipment, feeder, subfeeders, load centers, and panelboard. This is necessary in the computation of short circuit current and voltage drops. 3.1.1.8 Title Block This is a standard strip of 40mm height at the bottom of the sheet and contains the following: A) Name and location of installation or project B) Name, signature and address of owner/manager/operator C) Name, signature and seal of Professional Electrical Engineer together with his PRC license number and validity, Professional Tax Receipt Number and Tax Identification Number. D) Sheet contents E) Scale F) Drawing and sheet number. 3.1.1.9 Others The complete requirements are shown in Article 1.3 of PEC 1 2009.

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3.2 Detailed Design. 3.2.1 Preparations

With the architectural layout and other drawings, the development of the initial electrical design starts. A preliminary arrangement of the electrical plan requirements helps in the determination of the number of drawing sets to be prepared to avoid overcrowding in the electrical plan. Considering the size of this building, the entire electrical plan requirements can be accommodated in two(2) sets of size 500mm x 760mm sheets, without overcrowding the electrical plan.

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3.2.2 Electrical Calculation (Residential Units)

3.2.2.1 General lighting load. A) Load = 72m² x 24 volt-amperes/m² = 1,728 volt-amperes Where: 72m² is the floor area as shown in the architectural layout Figure 3.1A and 24 volt-ampere is the unit load for dwelling units as per Table 2.20.2.3. I (Load) =

1,728 230

= 7.51 amperes

B) Provide one (1) 20A branch circuit. Although a 15AT circuit breaker is adequate for the computed load, a 20AT circuit breaker is used to take care of expected high usage of home appliances. Refer to section 2.40.1.6 for standard ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers. C) Use 2 # 3.5mm², copper TW, branch circuit conductors. Pls. refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for ampacity. D) Use 15mm dia. rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can accommodate 2 #3.5 mm2 copper, TW.

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3.2.2.2 Small appliance load A.) Load = 20 A @ 1,500 volt-amperes = 1,500 volt-amperes Where 1,500 volt-amperes is as per Section 2.20.3.13(a). I (Load) = 1,500 = 6.52 amperes. 230 B.) Provide one(1) 20A small appliance branch circuit as per Section 2.10.1.11(c)(1) or Section 2.10.3.3(b)(1). Refer also to Section 2.40.1.6 for ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers. C.) Use 2 # 3.5mm² copper, TW branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for ampacity of the conductor. D.) Use 15mm dia. Rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can accommodate 2 #3.5 mm2 copper, TW. 19

3.2.2.3 Laundry load A.) Load = 20A at 1,500 volt-amperes = 1,500 volt-amperes

Where 1,500 volt-amperes is as per section 2.20.3.13(b). I (Load) = 1,500 VA = 6.52 amperes. 230 V B.) Use one (1) 20A branch circuit as per section 2.10.1.11(c)(2). C.) Use 2 # 3.5mm² copper, TW, branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for ampacity of the conductors. D.) Use 15mm dia. rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can accommodate 2 #3.5mm2 copper, TW.

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3.2.2.4 Sum of connected load for general lighting, small appliance, and laundry. Connected load = 1,728VA + 1,500VA + 1,500VA = 4,728VA

3.2.2.5 Demand load for the three (3) loads above (3.2.2.4) Demand load = First 3000VA at 100% plus remainder at 35% = 3000VA x 100% + (4728-3000)VA x 35% = 3000VA + (1,728VA)35% = 3000VA + 604.8VA = 3604.8VA I (demand load) = 3,604.8VA = 15.7 A 230V = 15.7A Where the 100% & 35% demand factors are as per Table 2.20.3.3.

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3.2.2.6 Other Loads

A.) One (1) 1.5 Hp room ACU, single phase 10A x 230V = 2,300 voltamperes Where 10A is as per Table 4.30.14.2. B.) Rating of branch circuit protective device = 250% x 10A = 25A Where 250% is the maximum inverse time rating of the breaker as per Table 4.30.4.2. Provide one(1) 20A branch circuit for the room air-conditioner. Please note that 25AT circuit breaker is not yet available, and hence, the 20AT available circuit breaker, which is the next lower rating, is used. Refer to Section 2.40.1.6 for ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers. C.) Use 2 #3.5 mm2 copper, TW branch circuit conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for the ampacity of the conductor. D.) Use 15 mm dia. rigid PVC conduit. Refer to Table C10 for size of conduit which can accommodate 2 #3.5mm2 copper, TW.

E.) The room ACU is at 100% demand factor. Refer to Section 2.20.4.3(c)(1). 22

3.2.2.7 Total computed net continuous load Load = 3,604.8 volt-amperes + 2,300 volt-amperes = 5,904.8VA I = 5,904.8VA = 25.7A 230V The 5,904.8VA is considered continuous load because a demand factor is already applied to all the loads. 3.2.2.8 Circuit Requirements Provide four (4) - 2 wire branch circuits for: A.) General lighting, 20AT, IP B.) Small appliance, 20AT, IP C.) Laundry, 20AT, IP D.) Room aircon (ACU), 20AT, IP

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3.2.2.9 Service Entrance Conductors A.) I (Service entrance) = Continuous load x 125% + Non-Continuous load. Refer to Section 2.30.4.3(a)(1). I (Continuous load) = 5,904.8VA = 25.7 230V (Non-continuous load) = 0 I (Service Entrance) = 25.7A x 125% + 0 = 32.1A B.) Use two(2) # 8mm² copper THW wires. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for conductor ampacity. THW insulation is used because the chances of the service entrance encountering more heat is greater than the branch circuit inside each unit. C.) Use 20 mm. dia. PVC conduit except the supply side of service meter, which shall be galvanized rigid steel conduit as per requirement of Meralco. Refer to Table C10 for rigid PVC conduit and Table C8 for rigid steel conduit size which can accommodate 2 #8mm2 copper, THW.

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3.2.2.10 Service Equipment A.) Maximum current rating of protective device. Refer to Section 4.30.5.2, Section 4.30.5.3(1), and Section 4.30.5.3(3). Non-Time Delay Fuse I = [15.7A + 300%(10A)] = 45.7A Inverse-Time Circuit Breaker I = [15.7A + 250%(10A)] = 40.1A Where 15.7A is the I (demand load) excluding the full load current of the 1.5 Hp ACU, 300% and 250% are as per Table 4.30.4.2 and 10A is the full load current of the 1.5 H.p, 230V, room air conditioner as per Table 4.30.14.2. B.) One(1) 40AT, 1-pole, 250V circuit breaker is already complying, but there is no need for main circuit breaker for the service equipment, considering that there are four(4) branch circuit breakers only. However, this panelboard shall be marked/approved as service equipment. C.) Circuit Breaker at Private Pole The distance of the utility secondary line to the building is 16m, (Refer to Figure 3.1A, B. Location Plan),and hence, a private pole with circuit breaker has to be provided in accordance with Meralco standards. Provide one(1) 40AT, 1-pole, and 250V molded case circuit breaker which shall serve as a disconnecting means and protection for the wires from the private pole to the service equipment, when required. 25

3.2.1.11 Total Connected Load Total Connected Load = General lighting & co plus small appliance plus laundry + other loads = 1,728 VA + 1500VA +1,500VA + 2,300VA = 7,028VA

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3.2.3 Electrical Plans 3.2.3.1 Electrical Wiring layout. This is similar to the Architectural Layout in Figure 3.1A, except that the lighting, convenience outlets are already electrically interconnected as shown in Figure 3.2A

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Service Supply 230V, 2-wire, grounded Service Supply 230V, from distribution 2-wire, grounded transformer rated 100kVA, 19.9kV-230V, grounded M

Service Entrance 2 #8mm² copper, THW in 20mm galvanized rigid steelo conduit. Sab SALA a

a

a

Service Entrance 2 #8mm² copper, THW in 20mm PVC conduit

Figure 3.2A Electrical Wiring Layout Scale – 1:100

DINING

Sc

9m c S 1

3 b

T&B S BEDROOM

2 Service Equipment 3-20AT, 1P, 250V 1-30AT, 1p, 250V

4 8m

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3.2.3.2 Location Plan This is also the same as the location plan in Figure 3.1A but it has to be incorporated in the electrical plans. To Marilao Municipal Hall

Lias Road

16m

N

Rizal St.

Residential Building

9m

E

W

S 18m

4m

8m

4m

LOT Note: This can be included in the electrical wiring layout sheet.

Figure 3.2B Figure 3.2B Location Plan

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3.2.3.3 Legend Note: This can be included in Electrical Wiring Layout Sheet

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3.2.3.4 General Notes/Specifications

Note: This can be included in Electrical Wiring Layout Sheet A) All electrical works shall be done in accordance with the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, latest edition, the requirements of the municipality of Marilao and the Manila Electric Company. B) The electrical works shall be done by a Registered Master Electrician (RME) or Registered Electrical Engineer (REE) or Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE) or skilled electrical practitioner but under the supervision of RME, REE, PEE. C) Materials, devices and equipment shall be new and shall be in conformance with the Philippine Standards or listed by an organization which is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. D) The electrical service shall be 230V, line to ground, single phase.

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E) The the service equipment and all other equipment shall be provided with adequate and proper grounding. F) Conductors and conduits shall be as indicated in the computation load schedule, or single line diagram. G) All wiring shall be in PVC conduit and shall be embedded when running thru concrete except when otherwise noted. H) Service entrance conduit, from the service head to the electric meter, shall be exposed galvanized rigid steel conduit. I) All wiring devices shall be flush mounted and grounding type.

J) Mounting height of convenience outlets shall be 30cm from the floor level. K) Layout dimension are approximate and intended as installation guides only. L) All inconsistencies shall be brought to the attention of the PEE who signed and sealed the drawings, computations, load schedule, specifications, and other documents.

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3.2.3.6 Single Line Diagram Service Drop (Service Supply) 230V, 2-wire, grounded. Service Entrance 2# 8mm², copper, THW in 20mm galvanized rigid steel conduit

Service head

*

* Meter and Circuit M

Meter

*

breaker are intalled at the private pole

Circuit breaker Service Equipment 3-20AT, 1p, 250V 1-30AT, 1p, 250V

Service Entrance 2# 8mm², copper, THW in 20mm PVC conduit

Farthest outlet Grounding Electrode Conductor, #8mm² THW (THW is used because of availability in the project)

Grounding Electrode, 16mm² diameter x 2.4m long

Branch conduit conductor 2# 3.5mm², copper, TW, in 15mm dia. rigid PVC conduit.

Figure 3.2C Single Line Diagram 35

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3.2.3.8 Final Electrical Plan Figure 3.2E Location of Wiring and Other Requirements

To Marilao Municipal Hall

Service Supply 230V, 2-wire, grounded

Lias Road

16m

N

M

Residential Building

Rizal St.

Service Entrance 2 #8mm² copper, THW in 20mm galvanized rigid steelo conduit.

9m

E

W

S 18m

Sab

4m

8m

4m

LOT

SALA a

a

Note: This can be included in the electrical wiring layout sheet.

a

Figure 3.2B

Service Entrance 2 #8mm² copper, THW in 20mm PVC conduit

Location Plan

DINING

Sc

9m c S

Legend

1

3 b

T&B S BEDROOM

2 Service Equipment 3-20AT, 1P, 250V 1-30AT, 1p, 250V

4 8m

Electrical Wiring Layout General/Notes A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) I) J) K) L)

All electrical works shall be done in accordance with the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, latest edition, the requirements of the municipality of Marilao and the Manila Electric Company. The electrical works shall be done by a Registered Master Electrician (RME) or Registered Electrical Engineer (REE) or Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE) or skilled electrical practitioner but under the supervision of RME, REE, PEE. Materials, devices and equipment shall be new and shall be in conformance with the Philippine Standards or listed by an organization which is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. The electrical service shall be 230V, line to ground, single phase. The service equipment and all other equipment shall be provided with adequate and proper grounding. Conductors and conduits shall be as indicated in the computation load schedule, or single line diagram. All wiring shall be in PVC conduit and shall be embedded when running thru concrete except when otherwise noted. Service entrance conduit, from the service head to the electric meter, shall be exposed galvanized rigid steel conduit. All wiring devices shall be flush mounted and grounding type. Mounting height of convenience outlets shall be 30cm from the floor level. Layout dimension are approximate and intended as installation guides only. All inconsistencies shall be brought to the attention of the PEE who signed and sealed the drawings, computations, load schedule, specifications, and other documents.

Professional EE:

Revision # Project Title:

Sheet Contents:

Project Owner:

Dwg# E-1 Sht# 1 of 2 Scale:

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3.2.3.9 Final Electrical Plan (Cont) Figure 3.2F Location of Load Schedule and Other Requirements

Panelboard Load Schedule

Panelboard Schematic diagram & Grounding

Single Line Diagram

Professional EE:

Revision # Project Title:

Sheet Contents:

Project Owner:

Dwg# E-1 Sht# 2 of 2 Scale:

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3.2.4

Size of Grounding (Pls. refer 3.2.3.7 Panelboard Schematic and Grounding Diagram) The size of grounding in a building is covered by the following Sections and Tables

3.2.4.1 Grounded Service Conductor Section 2.20.3.22 – The grounded service entrance conductor is the same as the phase service entrance conductor. And hence, the grounded service conductor is #8mm² THW copper which is the same as the phase conductor. 3.2.4.2 Grounding Electrode Use grounding rod, steel, 16mm diameter x 2.4m long in accordance with Section 2.50.3.3(a)(5) 3.2.4.3 Grounding Electrode Conductor Section 2.50.3.17 and Table 2.50.3.17 – This is based on the size of the service entrance conductors which is # 8mm² THW, and hence, from Table 2.50.3.17, the size of the grounding electrode conductor is #8mm² THW. 39

3.2.4.4 Service Equipment Bonding Jumper Section 2.50.2.9(d), 2.50.5.13(c) and Table 2.50.3.17 – this is based on the size of the service entrance conductors. The size of the service entrance conductors is # 8mm² THW or TW and hence, from Table 2.50.3.17, the size of service equipment bonding jumper is 8mm² THW or TW. 3.2.4.5 Grounded branch circuit conductor This is the same as the grounded conductor because this grounded conductor is the return path. 3.2.4.6 Equipment grounding conductor Table 2.50.6.13 is based on the rating or setting of automatic overcurrent device ahead of equipment conduit, devices, etc. For 20 AT branch circuit the equipment grounding conductor is 3.5mm² copper, TW.

3.2.4.7 Main Bonding jumper Section 2.50.2.9(d) and Table 2.50.3.17

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3.2.5 Voltage Drop Calculations 3.2.5.1 Design Criteria In the computation of the voltage drops, the following are the design criteria in this handout:

A. Branch Circuit – Computations are based on 3% maximum voltage drop from the distribution panel to the farthest outlet of the branch circuit Pls. refer to section 2.10.2.1(a), FPN #4. Pls note that the service equipment is the same as the distribution panel in this example. B. Feeder Circuit – Computations are based on 3% maximum voltage drop from the service equipment to the distribution panel. Pls. refer section 2.15.1.2(a)(3), FPN #2. Pls note that the service equipment is the same as the distribution panel in this example. C. Feeder and Branch Circuit – Computation are based on 5% maximum voltage drop from the service equipment to the farthest branch circuit outlet. And hence, if the voltage drop at the feeder is 3% then the maximum voltage drop at the branch circuit is only 2% or vise versa. However in this handout, there is no feeder circuit but only a branch circuit. And hence, the maximum voltage drop from the service equipment to the farthest outlet is only 3%. Pls refer to Figure 3.2G.

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D. Service Equipment – Computations are based on 5% maximum voltage drop from the nominal voltage which is approved by the Energy Regulatory Commission (Formerly Energy Regulatory board) Pls. refer to section 16(a)(1) of ERB Resolution # 95-21 known as Standard Rules and Regulations Governing the Operation of Electrical Power Services. Refer to Figure 3.2G.

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3.2.5.2 Computation In figure 3.2J or 3.2A, the effective length of the 20A branch circuit, for convenience outlets, is 24m. The branch circuit current, as computed, is 7.51A as indicated in the Load Schedule. Considering that there is no feeder circuit as shown in the Single Line Diagram, figure 3.2G, the voltage drop to be computed is only for the branch circuit. And hence, Voltage Drop = IR = 7.51A x 24m x 2ohms x 2 305m = 7.5A x .16ohm x 2 = 2.4 Volts where 2 ohms per 305m is the unit resistance of the conductor (#3.5mm²) as shown in Table 9.1.1.9. To facilitate the computations, only the resistance is considered. The factor 2 takes care of the return path. The actual computed voltage is complying because the allowable maximum voltage drop = 230V(100%-5%)x 3% = 218.5 x 3% = 6.6 volts Pls. refer to figure 3.2H 44

The computed voltage drop is complying with the requirements as shown in the Figure below.

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Voltage drop calculations are necessary because the voltage at the supply side of equipment may not be adequate to operate the equipment, such as motor loads, fluorescent lamps and others. If not adequate, necessary adjustments in the supply transformer, in the size of conductors, and others may be done. 3.2.6.Short Circuit Calculations When fault occurs at any point of the electrical system, it may result to fires, loss of lives, properties, and others. And hence, the electrical protection shall be provided with adequate short circuit ratings and this can be achieved through calculations of the available or expected short circuit current at strategic points in the electrical system.

3.2.6.1 Impedance/Resistance Diagram The Single Line Diagram of the electrical system of a building is the basis for the impedance/resistance diagram, which is needed in the computation of short circuit current. The Single Line Diagram (Figure 3.2C) shows the size of conductor used, and hence, most of the resistances/impedances can be determined as shown in Figure 3.2I. From this Figure3.2I the impedances which limit short circuit current up to the farthest outlet are the following:

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Zs – the impedance from the source to the distribution transformer Zs (per unit) = KVA base . Available short capacity in the area. where short circuit capacity is normally available from the electric utility Zt – the impedance of the 100 KVA distribution transformer which supplies power. The value is either in per unit (pu) or in percentage (%) which is converted to pu by dividing the percentage by 100. The value is indicated in the nameplate, and available from the utility or manufacturer’s catalogs. Zdl – the impedance of the secondary distribution line, not readily available. Zsd – the impedance of the service drop, not readily available. Zse1 – the impedance of the service entrance from the circuit breaker to fault point F1. Zse2 – the impedance of the service entrance from service point to F2. Zbc – the impedance of the branch circuit conductor form the service equipment to the farthest outlet. Z (per unit) = Z(ohms) x KVA base . (KVbase)(KVbase) x 1000 Pls refer to Table 9.1.1.9 for the impedance of the given size of conductor. The value of Zdl and Zsd are data which are not readily available and can be reasonably assumed to be zero in these computations. With this zero assumption, the electrical designer is at the higher and safer side. And hence, the remaining impedances/resistances to limit the fault current are Zs, Zt, Zse1, and Zse2 only.

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48

Our concerns are the available short current at the service equipment designated as F1 and at the private pole outside the building designated as F2 in order that the interrupting and momentary current rating of the circuit breakers concerned can be specified. The general formula is Fault current = I (base) . ZT (per unit)

Where ZT is the total impedance/resistance from the power source to the fault point. Furthermore ZT is in per unit at the same base with the current.

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3.2.6.2 Computations For easier computations, the data of the 100KVA transformer are used as the base, and hence, all values are referred to this transformer. I (Base) = kVA (Base) = 100kVA kV (Base) 0.23kV I (Available short circuit current) = I (Base) ZT (pu) In order to arrive at the value of the short circuit current, the ZT has to be computed which is composed of: A) Zs (pu) = 100kVA 1,000,000kVA = 0.0001 Where 1,000,000kVA is the available short circuit kVA at the Meralco electrical system in the area. In several areas of the Meralco franchise, 1,000,000kVA is also the available short circuit kVA. 50

B) Zt (Per unit) = 0.06 given data of the base transformer. C) Zse1 (Ohms) = 0.78 Ohm x 26.72m x 2 = 0.1372 305m where, 1) 0.78 Ohm is the impedance of the service entrance 305m conductor (#8mm²) in rigid PVC conduit as per Table 9.1.1.9. Please note that only the resistance is used to facilitate computation

2) 26.72m is the approximate length of the service entrance from the fault point F1 to the circuit breaker at the private concrete pole. Please refer to Figure 3.2K 3) 2 is the multiplier to take care of the return path of the single phase circuit. Zse1 (pu) = 0.137 Ohm x 100KVA = 0.259 0.23 x 0.23 1000 51

D) Zse2 (Ohms) = 0.78 Ohm x 4.6m x 2 = .024 ohms 305m where, 1) 0.78 Ohm is the impedance of the service entrance 305m conductor (#8mm²) in rigid PVC conduit as per Table 9.1.1.9. Please note that only the resistance is used to facilitate computation 2) 4.6m is the approximate length of the service entrance from the fault point F2 to the service point at the private concrete pole. Please refer to Figure 3.2K 3) 2 is the multiplier to take care of the return path of the single phase circuit. Zse2 (pu) = .024 Ohm x 100KVA = 0.045 pu .23 x .23 x 1000 E.) Fault current at F2 I=

434.8 = Zs + Zt + Zse2 = 434.8 = 4,137A 0.1051

434.8 . 0.0001 + 0.06 + 0.045

F.) Fault current at F1 I =

434.8A = 434.8A . = 434.8A Zs + Zt + Zse2 + Zse1 0.0001 + 0.06 + 0.045 + 0.259 0.364

= 1,194.5A 52

3.2.7 Materials/Equipment/Devices These are the materials, equipment and devices which are to be installed/incorporated into the electrical project. Each material, equipment, and devices are complete with specifications and quantity. The accuracy of the specifications and quantities is important in the accuracy of the whole cost estimates. The specifications can be obtained in the brochures/catalogs of the manufacturers thru their distributors or representatives. It is our practice that the names of the manufacturers are not mentioned in the specifications for fair competition. However, if constrained to mention the manufacturer, the phrase “or equivalent” shall follow after the name of the manufacturer. In projects which call for a new specification, not found in the brochures/catalogs of manufacturers, the electrical designer can specify his own requirements and let the manufacturers comply.

53

3.2.7.1 Materials Take-off This is just measuring the total lengths of conduits & its fittings, conductors & its accessories, consumables, number of devices & equipment, etc. The total length of conductors and conduits may be converted to commercial lengths, when necessary. The lengths or quantities can be obtained from the Electrical Wiring Layout (Figure 3.2J), which shall be drawn to scale, for horizontal lengths, and for vertical lengths thru a vertical configuration of the electrical installation as shown in Figure 3.2K.

54

M

16m

Sab SALA a

a

a

DINING

Sc c

Service Equipment

S

1

3 b 2

T&B S BEDROOM

4

55

56

It has to be noted that the layout plan may be indicated as drawn to scale but these layouts may have been reduced already and so, measurements are already inaccurate. For this type of layout plan, the electrical practitioner has to reproduce the actual layout plan which is drawn to scale or use the graphical scale as indicated, if any. A. Circuit # 1, CO a) Conduit lengths, 15mm 1) 3-wire, from layout = 3m + 1m + 2m + 1.5m + 2.5m + 1.5m + 1.5m + 2.5m + 2m + 3m + 3m + 4m + 1.5 = 29m The above values are measurements based on the true scale which is used in the layout. 2) 3-Wire, for vertical runs = .3m x 24 + 1.5m = 10.8m where .3m is the height of the CO from the floor level. 24 is the total number of conduit entries at the CO boxes. 1.5m is the height of the panelboard Total conduit length = 29m + 10.8m = 39.8m

57

b) Boxes and Fittings 1.) Boxes (Physical count from layout) = 13 pcs. 2.) Bushing (Physical count from layout) = 25 pcs. Please note that one(1) bushing as a conduit enters a box 3.) Locknut (2 x bushings) = 2 x 25 pcs. = 50 pcs. c) Conductor length, 3.5mm² 1) Conductor length = 3 x 39.8m = 119.4m where 3 is the number of conductors/ conduit 39.8m is the total length of the conduit. This is applicable because the total length of the conduit contains same number of conductors. 2) When color coded conductors are available: Black – 39.8 for ungrounded conductors, refer to Section 2.1.1.6(a) Green – 39.8m for equipment grounding conductors, refer to Section 2.50.6.10 White – 39.8m for grounded conductors, refer to Section 2.1.1.6(a)

58

d) Duplex convenience outlets (CO) with cover plates Co with plate cover = 13 pcs. (Physical count) e) Electrical tape Electrical tape = .3m x 13 = 3.9m Where .3m is the length needed to cover one(1) Co. 13 is the number of Cos. B. Circuit # 2 a) Conduit lengths, 15mm 1) 4-wire, from layout = 2.1m + 2.7m = 4.8 2) 4-wire, from vertical runs = 1.5m 3) 3-wire, from layout = 1.7m + 3m + 1m + 2.8m + 1.8m + 1.5m +2.8m + 2.8m

+ 5m = 22.4m 4) 3-wire, vertical runs = 1.5m + 1.5m + 1.5m + 1.5m

59

where 1.5m is vertical distance of the switch or panelboard to ceiling Conduit length For 4-wire = 4.8m + 1.5m = 6.3m Conduit length For 3-wire = 22.4m + 6m = 28.4m

Total Conduit length = 6.3m + 28.4m = 34.7m Pls. note that the number of wire includes the equipment grounding conductor

60

b) Boxes and Fittings 1.) Boxes, 4” octagonal (Physical count from layout) = 8 pcs. 2.) Boxes, 4” x 2 ½” (for switches) = 4 pcs.

3.) Bushing, ½” = 23 pcs. 4.) Locknut, ½” (2 x bushings) = 46 pcs. c) Conductor length, 3.5mm² 1) Length = (4.8 + 1.5m) x 4 + (22.4 + 6m) x 3 = 25.2m + 85.2m = 110.4m

61

2) When color coded conductors are available Black = (4.8m + 1.5m) x 2 + (22.4 + 6) = 41m Green = 4.8m + 22.4m + 6m = 34.7m White = 4.8m + 22.4 + 6m = 34.7m d) Lighting outlets (Physical count) = 8pcs e) Switches in double gang plate/cover (Physical count) = 3pcs.

f) Switch, in single gang plate/cover (Physical count) = 3pcs. g) Tape (length) = .3 x (8pcs + 5pcs) = 3.9m where .3m is the length needed to cover one(1) lighting outlet or switch. 13 is the number of lighting outlet and switches 62

C. Circuit # 3, Laundry a) Conduit lengths, 15mm 1.) 3-wire, from layout = 3.7m 2.) 3-wire, for vertical runs = .3m + 1.5m = 1.8m

where .3m is the height of the outlet from the floor level. 1.5m is the height of the panelboard from the floor level. Total conduit length = 3.7m + 1.8m = 5.5m b) Boxes and fittings 1.) Box 4” x 2½” (Physical count from layout) = 1 pc.

2.) Bushing ½” (Physical count from layout) = 2 pcs. One(1) bushing at the outlet and one(1) bushing at the panelboard 3.) Locknut ½” (2 x bushings) = 2 x 2 pcs. = 4 pcs.

63

c) Conductor length, 3.5mm² 1) Conductor length, from layout = 3 x 5.5m = 16.5 meter where 3 is the number of conductors in the conduit. 2) 3-wire, allowance = 3 x .15m + 3 x .15m = .9m where 3 is the number of conductors entering the outlet or panelboard. .15m is the allowance at the outlet or panelboard.

Total Length of Conductors # 3.5mm² = 16.5m + .9m = 17.4m

64

3) When color coded conductors are available Black = 17.4m = 5.8m 3 Green = 17.4m = 5.8m 3 White = 17.4m = 5.8 meters 3 d) CO (Physical count) = 1pc e) Tape length = .3m

Where .3m is the length needed to cover one(1) outlet

65

D. Circuit # 4 a) Conduit lengths, 20mm 1) 3-wire, from layout = 6.5m 2) 3-wire, from vertical = .3m + 1.5 = 1.8m where .3m is the height of the outlet from the floor level. 1.5m is the height of the panelboard from the floor level. Total conduit length = 6.5m + 1.8m = 8.3m b) Boxes and fittings 1) Box 4” x 2½” (Physical count from layout) = 1 pc. 2) Bushing ½” (Physical count from layout) = 2 pcs. One(1) bushing at the outlet and One(1) bushing at the panelboard 3) Locknut ½” (2 x bushings) = 2 x 2 pcs. = 4 pcs. 66

c) Conductor length, 5.5mm² 1) Conductor length, from layout = 3 x 8.3m = 24.9m where - 3 is the number of conductors in the conduit. 2) 3-wire, allowance = 3 x .15m + 3 x .15m = .9m where -3 is the number of conductors entering the outlet or panelboard -.15 is the allowance at the outlet or panelboard Total length of conductors = 24.9m + .9m = 25.8m

3.) When color coded conductors are available Black = 25.8m = 8.6m 3 Green = 25.8m = 8.6m 3 White = 25.8m = 8.6m 3

67

d) Co (Physical count from layout needed to cover one(1) outlet. e) Tape length = .3m x 1 = .3m where .3m is the length needed to cover one(1) outlet E. Panelboard

a) Panelboard 100A Main lugs only 230V Line to ground, Single Phase b) 4-20AT, Single pole, 230V with a computed available short circuit current of 1,194.5A at F1 for each circuit breaker ______ 1pc.

68

F. Service Entrance (Please refer to Single Line Diagram) a) Conduits & fittings 1.) PVC, 20mm = 1.5m + 22.8m + 1.6m = 25.9m 2.) Rigid steel conduit (RSC) 20mm = 2mm 3.) Conduit clamp steel for 20mm (RSC) = 3pcs 4.) Weather head, for 2 #8mm² = 1pc. 5.) Bushing, 20mm = 5pcs. 6.) Locknut, 20mm = 2 x bushings = 10 pcs. b) Boxes and Fittings – None c) Conductor lengths, #2 #8mm², THW 1) Length = (25.9m + 2m + .15m + .15m + .6m)x 3 = 28.8m x 3 = 86.4m where .15m is the length allowing for panelboard or circuit breaker. .6 is the drip loop allowance G. Circuit breaker enclosed, Nema type enclosure, 4,137A available short circuit current at F2 _____ 1pc.

computed

H. Grounding rod copperbonded pointed rod, 16mm dia., 2.4m length - 1pc.

69

3.2.7.2 Bill of Materials/Equipment/Devices A) Conduits and Fittings a.) 15mm inside diameter, rigid PVC, schedule 40 thick wall, three(3) meters complete with coupling ---------------------------------------------- 30pcs b.) 20mm, inside diameter, rigid PVC, schedule 40, thick wall, three(3) meters, complete with coupling ---------------------------------9pcs c.) 20mm inside diameter, three(3) meters, rigid steel conduit, galvanized with coupling at one(1) end and thread protector at the other end --------------------------------------------------------------------1pc d.) Double locknut and bushing 15mm ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 50pcs 20mm -----------------------------------------------------------------------7pcs e.) Conduit clamp, for 20mm rigid steel conduit, galvanized -----------3pcs f.) Service head, for 20mm rigid steel conduit, galvanized, and three(3) # 8mm² TW conductors ------------------------------------------1pc g.) Utility box 4” x 2½” ------------------------------------------------------------ 15pcs h.) Octagonal Box, 4” ------------------------------------------------------------8pcs

70

B) Wires and Accessories a.) # 3.5mm², 600V, 60°c maximum operating temperature in dry or wet location, solid single soft-drawn copper conductor, extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC), TW, 60°c maximum operating temperature, flame retardant and resistant to moisture, solvents and acids, with the following color: Black – 8.6m Green – 8.6m Gray – 8.6m b.) # 5.5mm² . . . Black – 86.6m Green – 80.6m Gray – 80.6m c.) # 8mm², 600V, 75°C maximum operating temperature in dry or wet application, stranded single soft-drawn copper conductor, extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC), THW, 75°C maximum operating temperature, flame retardant and resistant to moisture, heat, solvents and acids, with the following color: Black – 28.8m Green – 28.8m Gray – 28.8m d.) Tape, electrical, PVC black color, ---------------------------------------------- 1 roll71

C) Wiring Devices a.) Convenience outlet, CO, duplex, grounded type, 20A, 25V ----------- 13pcs b.) Switch, silent type, 5A, 250V, single ------------------------------------5pcs c.) Covers with mounting plates - CO ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13pcs - Switch, Single ----------------------------------------------------------3pcs - Switch, two(2) – gang ------------------------------------------------1pc D) Lighting Fixtures a.) Fluorescent, tubular, 1-40W, ------------------------------------------------6pcs b.) Fluorescent, compact (CFL), 13W -----------------------------------------2pcs E) Lighting panelboard, 230V line to ground, single phase, with four (4) 20AT and 6,000A interrupting capacity branch circuit breakers, with separate equipment and system grounding, to be used as service equipment, as shown in the attached Figure 3.2D --------------------------

F) Circuit breakers, molded case, Nema type R enclosure, 40AT, single pole, 230V, 6,000A interrupting capacity ---------------------------G) Grounding rod, 2.4m in length, 16mm in diameter, copperbonded, pointed ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1pc

1pc 1pc 72

3.2.8 Budgetary Cost Estimate This estimate is for budgetary purpose only and intended for the owner to assess and prepare for the financial requirements of the installation works. The cost estimate is basically the sum of the following: a.) Materials b.) Equipment/Devices c.) Labor d.) Supervision & Engineering e.) Overhead f.) Contingencies g.) Profit h.) Taxes

73

3.2.8.1 Materials The unit cost of each item is usually based on price list of the different suppliers. For accuracy, the supplies are requested to quote on these materials, in unit cost and/or lump price based on the Bill of Materials. A. Conduits and fittings ---------------------------------------------------------

P 4,820

1. PVC conduit, rigid schedule 40, 15mm inside diameter, thick wall, 3m length complete with coupling, 30pcs x P75 per pc -------

P 2,250

2. PVC rigid schedule 40, 20mm inside diameter, thick wall, 3m length complete with coupling, 9pcs x P100/pc ------------------

P

900

3. Rigid steel conduit, 20mm inside diameter, galvanized, 3m length complete with coupling, 1pc x P200/pc --------------------

P

200

74

4. Double locknut and bushing ---------------------------------------15mm: 50pcs x P15/pc ---------P 750 20mm: 7pcs x P30/pc ----------P 210 P 960 5. Conduit clamp, for 20mm rigid steel conduit, galvanized 3pcs x P15/pc --------------------------

P

960

P

45

P

80

15pcs x P15/pc ------------------------

P

225

8pcs x P20/pc --------------------------

P

160

6. Service head, for 20mm rigid steel conduit, galvanized 1pc x P80/pc --------------------------7. Utility box, 4” x 2½” 8. Octagonal box, 4”

75

B. Wires and Accessories --------------------------------------------------

a) #3.5mm², TW, black, 87m x P25/m -------------b) #3.5m², TW, green, 81m x P25/m --------------c) #3.5m², TW, grey, 81m x P25/m -----------------d) #8mm², THW, black, 9m x P40/m ---------------e) #8mm², THW, black, 9m x P40/m ---------------f) #8mm², THW, black, 9m x P40/m ----------------g) Tape, electrical tape, 1roll x P18/roll -------------

P

7,323

P

250

P 2,175 P 2,025 P 2,025 P 360 P 360 P 360 P 18

C. Grounding rod, 2.4m, 16mm diameter, steel galvanized 1pc x P250/pc ---------------------------------------------TOTAL COST of MATERIALS --------------------------------------

P 12,393

76

3.2.8.2 Equipment and Wiring Devices A. Wiring devices -----------------------------------------------------a) CO, duplex, grounded type 20A, 250V, 13pcs x P35/pc -------------- P 455

P 1,022

b) Switch, silent type, 5A 250V single 5pcs x P38/pc -------------------- P 190 c) Cover, with mounting plate ------------------------ P 377 CO, 13pcs x P22/pc ------------------ P 286 Switch: 3pcs x P22/pc ---------------- P 66 Switch: Two gang: 1pc x P25/pc -- P 25 P 377

77

B. Lighting Fixture ------------------------------------------------P 2,298 Fluorescent, tubular, 1-40w, 6pcs x P328/pc ------ P 1,968 CFL 2pcs x P165/pc ------------------------- P 330 C. Lighting panelboard -----------------------------------------P 2,100 Housing, including busbar, 1pc x P700/pc --------- P 700 Branch Circuit Breakers, 4pc x P350/pc ------------ P 1,400 D. Circuit breaker, molded case, Nema type R enclosure 40AT, single pole, 230V, 6,000 A interrupting capacity, 1pc x P600 -----------------------TOTAL COST of EQUIPMENT/DEVICES --------

P

600

P 6,020

78

3.2.8.3 Labor The cost of labor is based on the estimated total number of man-hours and the cost per man-hour to finish the project. The computation is tedious, however, based on experience the cost of labor is approximately 50% of the cost of materials and equipment/devices. Cost of labor = 50%(P12,393 + P6,020) ------------

P 9,206.50

3.2.8.4 Supervision & Engineering Just like in the case of the cost of labor, the computation is tedious however, by experience also, the cost of supervision & engineering is approximately 100% of the cost of labor. Cost of supervision/engineering is equal to 100%(P9,206.50) --- P9,206.50

79

3.2.8.5 Overhead This is an expense which is not chargeable directly to a particular portion of the project, usually includes the expense of the main office. The estimated expense is usually10% of the cost of materials, equipment/devices, labor and supervision & engineering. Overhead cost = 10% (P12,393 + P6,020 + P9,206.50 + P9,206.50) -- P 3,682.60

80

3.2.8.6 Contingency This cost item depends on the foresight and gut feel of the estimator. This is usually 2% of the cost of materials, equipment/devices, labor, and supervision/engineering Contingency = 2% (+ cost of materials + cost of equipment/devices + cost of labor + cost of supervision/engineering) = 2% (+ P12,393 + P6,020 + P9,206.5 + P9,206.5) = 2% (P36,826) ------------------------------------

P 736.52

81

3.2.8.7 Profit This amount is usually dictated by higher management of the installer/bidder. The amount is usually 25% of the total cost of materials, equipment/device, labor, supervision/engineering, overhead and contingency.

Profit = 25% ( + P12,393.00 + P6,020.00 + P9,206.50 + P9,206.50 + P3,682.60 + P736.52) = 25% (P41,245.12) --------------------------------

P 10,311.28

3.2.8.8 Income Tax This tax is 32% of the profit, as required by the government. Income Tax = 32% (10,311.28) -------------------------P 3,299.61

82

3.3 Project Budget (Materials)

=

+

P

12,393.00

+

P

6,020.00

+ +

P P

9,206.50 (Labor) 9,206.50

+

P

3,682.60

+

P

736.52

+ +

P P P P

(Equipment/Devices)

(Supervision/Engineering)

(Overhead) (Contingency)

= =

10,311.28 (Profit) 3,299.61 (Tax) 54,856.01 55,000

(Approximate) 83

IV. Electrical System Design of High-Rise Residential/Commercial Condominium Building 4.0 General The electrical system design of a unit in a high-rise residential/commercial condominium building is similar to the just completed electrical design of the single storey and single-occupancy residential building. The typical floor plan of a residential unit in the high-rise residential/commercial condominium building is shown in Drawing# 4.5-A, # 4.5-C.. We will be designing the electrical system of this condominium but considering the size of the total load, the requirements of the owner/developer, the requirements of the different engineering disciplines, the requirements of the local building official, the requirements of the electric utility (Meralco), etc, it is necessary to review the design processes and the design criteria.

84

4.1 Design Process 4.1.0 General The basic processes in the design of the electrical power system of a high-rise residential/commercial condominium building is similar to a single storey and single occupancy residential building. In the high-rise condominium building, additional processes have to be followed because of additional data to consider. The discussions and computations in this presentation are derived heavily on a single storey and single occupancy residential building. 4.1.1 Load Study The initial load of a residential is needed in order to have a especially the electric utility requirements, depending on the loads usually come from:

commercial condominium building basis in the coordination works, company, which has different size of the applied load. The initial

85

4.1.1.1 Load from previous feasibility studies of the consultant/owner.

4.1.1.2 Load per unit area as required by PEC 1 or experience of the electrical designer. 4.1.1.3 Load requirement which are specified by the National Building Code (PD#1096), municipal/city ordinance, etc. 4.1.1.4 Load specified/identified by the owner/architectural/mechanical engineers/sanitary engineers, etc.

4.1.1.5 Total applied load This is the sum of the net load of items 4.1.1.1 to 4.1.1.4 above. However, please note that the load in one(1) item may be a duplicate of the other items. This applied load will determine to a large extent the applicable standard/policies of the electric utility which will provide the electric power supply to the project. 4.1.2 Review of PEC 1 requirements. The electrical plans and specifications requirements are the same. 86

4.1.3 Coordination works 4.1.3.1 Local electric utility (Meralco) A) Available service voltage and phase. a) 400/230V, 4-wire, grounded b) Three(3) phase. B) Available padmounted transformer capacities. a) 500KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.9KV – 400/230V Y b) 750KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.9KV – 400/230V Y c) 1000KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.9KV – 400/230V Y d) Only 2-1000KVA, 3-phase, 34.5/19.9KV – 400/230V Y are allowed C) Entry points and location of transformer vault. a) Entry point shall be at the side where the existing electric utility facilities are located. If not, this will result to a longer extension of facilities. b) Direct access to the transformer vault from outside the building, shall be provided. c) The transformer vault shall be located either at the following: Ground floor, Second floor provided with hoisting facilities. First basement provided there is a second basement below.

87

D) Dimension of the transformer vault The minimum dimensions of the vault shall be as follows: a) 3.5 meters (height)x 4.4 meters (width) x 5.5 meters (length) b) 3.0 meters (height)x 4.4 meters (width) x 6.5 meters (length) c) Walls, roofs and floors shall be 150mm thick reinforced concrete. When the vault is constructed with vacant space or storey below it, the floor shall have adequate structural strength for the load imposed. E) Metering schemes The following are the allowed or applicable metering scheme:

88

a) Secondary multi-meter per floor This scheme is allowed for residential/commercial condominium building which has a minimum of thirty (30) storeys or a minimum of three hundred (300) condo units. Furthermore, the main service conductor for residential units shall be a busduct with a uniform size from the main service circuit breaker to the highest floor of the condominium building. b) Secondary multi-meter in one (1) floor This scheme is applicable to residential condominium building which has less than thirty (30) floors or less than three hundred (300) condo units. The allowed floors where these meters are installed are ground floor, second floor provided with hoisting facilities, and first basement provided there is a second basement below it.

c) Secondary single metering This scheme is an option of the developer/owner, however, most buyers/owners of condo units prefer that they be billed directly by the electric utility. d) Primary single metering. 89

4.1.3.2 Local Building Official A. Registration of Professional Electrical Engineer (PEE). There are cities/municipalities which do not recognize a PEE if not registered in their cities/municipalities. B. Fees The fees for electrical permit, certificate of Final Electrical Inspection, etc., are prescribed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and will be sent to the Local Building Official for implementation. In addition, the cities/municipalities may set their own fees in accordance with their ordinances and other lawful requirements. C. Others The cities/municipalities may have other technical requirements in accordance with their ordinances.

90

4.1.3.3 Technical Disciplines A. Architect/Owner The electrical designer needs the following data from the architect: a) Designated occupancies and available space for the electrical equipments, including space for electrical conduit runs. b) The space dimensions (height, width and length). B. Mechanical Engineers a) Location, size and rating of all the mechanical equipment such as air-conditioning units, elevators, hoisting equipment, etc. C. Sanitary Engineers a) Location, size and rating of equipment required such as motor and lighting for sewage treatment plant, sump pump, etc. D. Safety Engineers a) Location, size and rating of firefighting equipment such as fire pumps, jockey pumps, etc.

91

E. Communication Engineers a) Location, size and rating of telecom equipment

F. Others Concerned technical people who are responsible for: a) Emergency loads, such as jockey pump, fire pump, fire alarm system, exit lights, stairway lights and night lights. b) Essential loads, such as selected lights in critical areas, sump pump, closed-circuit TV, and UPS.

92

4.2 Design Criteria 4.2.0 General This is an agreement, between the electrical consultant/designer and the owner/developer, including architect or other engineering disciplines which are the bases of the electrical design. This is necessary to avoid costly changes resulting from unconfirmed assumptions/bases. 4.2.1 Normal power supply from Meralco

a) Each condominium building will be supplied from an underground 34.5/19.9KV, 4-W distribution system through a pad mounted transformer rated 34.5/19.9KV – 400/230V, 4-W, 60hz. The transformer capacity will be based on the demand load of the building. b) Each residential and commercial units will be metered and billed directly by Meralco

93

c) All administration loads such as load for elevators, hallways, lobbies, parking, domestic water pumps, social hall, common toilets and other common loads will have one(1) meter and will be billed directly by Meralco. d) The metering scheme shall be secondary multi-metering per floor, considering that the residential condominium building is not less than thirty(30) storeys high. This metering scheme complies with the Meralco policy/guidelines. e) Other requirements standard/policies.

shall

be

in

accordance

with

Meralco

94

4.2.2 Space/area for Meralco pad mounted transformers, meters and accessories, which will be provided by the applicant owner/developer. a) Transformer vault The dimension will depend on the size and quantity of pad mounted transformers. b) Electrical/Metering room The dimension will depend also on the size and quantity of meters.

c) Roadways Direct access to the transformer vault from the outside of the building and without any intervention of personnel of the building or compound. d)

For large development project, which consists of several residential/commercial condominium buildings, a substation lot of at least 3,600 sq. meters shall be donated to Meralco when the total demand load for the project is 10MW or more.

e) Other requirements will be in accordance with Meralco standards/policies. 95

4.2.3 Standby Generator When the normal power supply is interrupted, the following loads will be connected to the emergency standby generator of the condominium building: A.Standby generator in operation and no fires occur. a) Lighting on hallways, lobbies, fire exits, stairways, parking, common toilets, and other common areas. b) Four(4) elevator units. c) Domestic water pump and booster pump. d) Jockey pump, with code letter E. e) Warning lights above the rooftop.

96

B) Standby generator in operation and fires occur. a) Lighting on hallways lobbies, fire exits, stairways, parking, common toilet, and other common areas. b) Jockey pump and fire pump, with code letter E c) Warning lights above the rooftop. 4.2.4 Rating of Loads a) Loads in the residential/commercial units are rated 230V, line to ground, single phase. b) Lighting and co loads, for Admin, are rated 230V, line to ground, single phase. c) Motor loads, for admin are rated 400V, three phase. 4.2.5 Others. 97

4.3 Detailed Design 4.3.1 Preparation A. General The necessary preparations are similar to the single storey and single occupancy residential building designed previously. However special attention shall be given to the layouts and other drawings because of the area of each condominium units, the area of each floor, the number of storeys, and total demand load of the building. B. Architectural Drawings The approved drawing shall be studied and used as the basis for all computations and electrical layouts. In this particular residential/commercial condominium building the architectural drawings show that there are twelve identical residential units in each floor, from 2nd floor to 30th floor, and the floor area of each unit is 10m x 9m, as shown in Drawing # 4.5-A. The first floor has ten (10) commercial units as shown in 4.5.B. The ceiling height per floor is 3.5m. Other drawings are also provided. Please note the size of the generator room and the sizes of the electrical rooms whether these are enough. Furthermore, please note that there is no electrical room at the first floor but a switchgear and metering room instead.

98

Architectural Drawing#4.5-A

Second Floor Condo Residential Unit Layout (Typical) Not to Scale 99

Architectural Drawing#4.5-B First Floor Commercial Layout Not to Scale 100

Condo Residential Unit Not to Scale

DRAWING #4.5C Layout of each residential Condo Unit (Typical) Not to Scale

101

DRAWING #4.5D Layout of each residential Condo Unit (Typical) Not to Scale

102

4.3.2 Electrical Computations 4.3.2.1 Residential

A. Residential Units Similar to the earlier computations of single occupancy and single storey residential building. B. Sub-Service a) Sub-service entrance, 3-phase Loads to be used: Total connected loads in each floor. Demand factor: Table 2.20.4.5, number of residential units in each floor connected to the sub-service entrance. Conductor Size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit Size: Table C8 because the conduit is rigid steel. b) Sub-service equipment, 3-phase Compatible with sub-service conductors. Standard size: section 2.40.1.6 c) Bus section, 3-phase Load to be used: Total connected loads served by the bus section. Demand factor: Table 2.20.4.5, number of residential units served by the bus section.

103

C. Size of main service entrance conductor (bus) a) Loads: Total connected loads served by the main service entrance conductors b) Demand factor: Table 2.20.4.5, number of units is based on 3-phase circuit c) Standard size: Use the demand ampere at the first floor. D. Size of main service equipment a) Compatible with the main service conductor b) Standard Size: Section 2.40.1.6 E. Size of grounding a) Equipment For feeders, sub-feeders, and branch: Use Table 2.50.6.13. For grounding electrode conductor: Table 2.50.3.17 b) System For phase current 200A or below: Same as phase conductors For phase current more than 200A: 200A+ 70% (Phase current-200A) refer to Section 2.20.3.22(b)(2) Please note that the system and equipment grounding are to be connected at the main service equipment only. 104

105

4.3.2.2 Commercial A. Commercial units a) General lighting loads: Table 2.20.2.3 Conductor size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit size: Table C10 Protective Device: Section 2.40.1.6 b) A/C loads Area: Assume 40m²/horsepower. From computed horsepower use the next standard horsepower rating. Table 4.30.14. Wire: Section 4.30.2.2 (125%) and Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Table 4.30.4.2 d) Other loads e) Service entrance conductor The sum of the non-continuous load plus 125% of the continuous loads. Section 2.30.4.3(a)(1) and Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit: Table C10.

106

f) Service equipment Size: Not greater than protective device of the highest rated motor + the sum of the full load currents of the remaining motors + demand current of power and lighting loads. Section 4.30.5.2, Section 4.30.5.3(1), and Section 4.30.5.3(3). 4.3.2.3 Admin A. Lighting & CO a) Lobby, corridor, electrical room, including stairways and existing (Typical from 2nd floor to 30th floor). General lighting load (Area): Table 2.20.2.3 Wire size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit size: Table C10 Protective device: Section 2.40.1.6 b) Lobby and corridor for first floor General lighting load (Area): Table 2.20.2.3 Wire size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit size: Table C10 Protective device: Section 2.40.1.6 107

c) Generator room, transformer vault, electrical room, and comfort room for first floor. General lighting load (Area): Table 2.20.2.3 Wire size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit size: Table C10 Protective device: Section 2.40.1.6

d) Basement (Typical for basements B1, B2, and B3) General lighting load (Area): Table 2.20.2.3 Wire size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit size: Table C10 Protective device: Section 2.40.1.6 e) Total general lighting Demand load, First 10,000VA x 100% + (remaining VA x 50%). Table 2.20.2.4 Wire size: Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Section 2.40.1.6

108

B. Elevators (4 motor-generator sets, with nameplate ratings: 30Hp, 400V, 3Φ, 40A; controller 8A continuous.; motor-generator is rated continuous but used for intermittent duty cycle). Refer to Figure 50.1 for full load current a) Branch circuit Conductor size: Current (full load) x 140% for intermittent duty cycle (Table 4.30.2.2(e) plus 125% (Section 2.10.2.1(a) of other continuous loads. (Table 3.10.1.16) Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Current (full load) x 250% (Table 4.30.4.2) plus other loads b) Feeder Circuit Conductor size: Current (Total full load of motors) x 140%(Table 4.30.2.2(e) x 85% demand factor for four(4) elevators (Table 6.20.2.4) + other continuous loads x125% (Section 2.15.1.2). Table 3.10.1.16 Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Not greater than the protective device of the highest rated motor + the full load current of the remaining motors (Section 6.20.7.1(c) & (Section 4.30.5.2) + other continuous loads 109

C. Sump pump (10Hp, 400V, 3Φ). Refer to Table 4.30.14.4 for full load current Conductor size: Current (full load) x 125% (Section 4.30.2.2(a). minimum Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Current (full load) x 250% (max) Table 4.30.4.2 D. Pressure pump (15Hp, 400V, 3Φ), with Code Letter E. Refer to Table 4.30.14.4 for full load current Conductor size: Current (full load) x 125% (Section 6.95.1.6(c), minimum Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Current (full load) x 450% Table 4.30.1.7(b) and Section 6.95.1.4(b)a. E. Fire pump (50Hp, 400V, 3Φ), with Code Letter E. Refer to Table 4.30.14.4 for full load current Conductor size: Current (full load) x 125% (Section 6.95.1.6(c)(2), minimum Conduit: Table C10 Protective device: Current (full load) x 450% Table 4.30.1.7(b) and Section 6.95.1.4(b)a.

110

F. Service Entrance Conductors (Admin) a) Lighting and CO: Demand current ……………. _________ b) Elevators (4-30Hp): Full load current x 4 x 140% x 85% ………….. _________ c) Sump pump (10Hp): Full load current ………… _________ d) Pressure pump (15 Hp): Full load current …….. _________ e) Fire pump (50 Hp): Full load current x 125% … _________ Total current ………. _________ Size of conductor, based on total current: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

111

G. Size of Service Equipment (Admin) a) Lighting and CO: Demand current ……………. _________ b) Elevators (4-30Hp): Full load current x 4 x 140% x 85% plus 125% of continuous loads …………….….. _________ c) Sump pump (10Hp): Full load current ………… _________ d) Pressure pump (15 Hp): Full load current …….. _________ e) Fire pump (50 Hp): Full load current x 450% … _________ Max total current …………. _________ Size of protective Device: Not more than the Max Total Current

112

4.3.2.4 Standby Generator The standby generator could be sized to match the total administration loads as computed. In this scheme the standby generator can withstand the starting current of the fire pump even if all the remaining administration loads are in operation. The electrical engineer can size the standby generator as allowed by the design criteria, as follows: A. Standby generator in operation but without fire a) Lighting - - - - - - - - - - - - b) Elevators - - - - - - - - - - - Three(3) motors plus 250% of one(1) motor c) Sump pump - - - - - - - - - - - d) Pressure pump - - - - - - - - - - Total - - - -

113

B. Standby generator in operation but with fire a) Lighting - - - - - - - - - - - - b) Pressure pump - - - - - - - - - - - c) Fire pump x 450% - - - - - Total - - - - The larger size shall be the size of the standby generator. The distributor/manufacturer shall be consulted regarding starting capacity of the standby generator.

114

115

4.3.2.5 Voltage Drop A. Impedance Diagram (ohms,) B. Impedance: √R² + X²

, Table 9.1.1.9

C. Full load current in each section D. Voltage drop: Current (full load) x impedance (ohms) in each section. 4.3.2.6 Short Circuit A. Combined Impedance Diagram (per unit) B. Impedance (source): KVA (base) KVA (source) C. Impedance (others): Impedance (ohms) x KVA (base) Voltage (KV)² (base) x 1000 D. Current (short circuit): Current (base) Total impedance (per unit)

116

117

To upper floor (typical) Equipment grounding bus System grounding bus

sub-service equipment

Auxiliary Gutter

Equipment grounding bus

System grounding bus

Main Service Equipment#1 MCB(D1)

Transformer vault wall

System Grounding Junction Box

Grounding Electrode Conductor Grounding service conductor

Equipment grounding conductor Equipment grounding conductor

To Auxiliary Gutter of Commercial and Admin Loads

Service Equipment of Unit System grounding conductor Equipment grounding conductor

Main Service Equipment#2 MCB(D2)

Grounding Electrode

Please note that the system and equipment grounding shall not be connected together at any point except at the MCB(D1) and MCB(D2) only. FIGURE A SYSTEM and EQUIPMENT GROUNDING SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (Partial Only)

118

V. Lightning Protection of a High-rise Building 5.0 General Lighting protection for a high-rise residential/commercial condominium is required by the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2000 (PEC 1 2000), and the National Building Code (PD#1096) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. In PD#1096 there is no specific requirement but in PEC 1 2000, the material requirements are as per Table 2.90.3.5 5.1 Conventional Conventional air terminal

Unprotected area

O

h Zone of Protection

Zone of Protection

Imaginary cone Unprotected area Rooftop

Figure 5.4.2 119

5.1.1 Number of air terminals

In conventional lightning protection, the number of air terminals to protect the building are numerous at the rooftop and may be enough for the owner/architect to object. The computed number of air terminals and the layout of this building is shown in Figure 5.4.3 and Figure 5.4.3A, respectively. Please note that additional air terminals are provided at the central portion of the unprotected area to protect the entire rooftop and the building.

120

Figure 5.4.3 Number of Air Terminals

121

Edge of Building

Air Terminal

.6m(max) .6m(max) AT

AT

AT

Down conductor to grounding electrodes

AT

AT

Air Terminal

AT

AT

AT

Down conductor to grounding electrodes

AT

Air Terminal AT

AT

AT

AT

AT

.6m(max) .6m(max)

Figure 5.4.3A Air Terminal Layout (Conventional)

122

5.2 Enhanced During thunderstorm conditions when the lightning down-leader is approaching ground level, an upward leader may be created by any conductive surface. In the case of a passive lightning rod (conventional), the upward leader propagates only after a long period of charge reorganization. In the case of active lightning protection (enhanced), initiation time of an upward leader is greatly reduced. Pls refer to Figure 5.6.2 and 5.6.3

123

Air terminal (enhanced)

H Rooftop

Zone of Protection

Imaginary dome of the Zone of Protection

Building Protected

h Building Protected

Rp

Ground Level

Rp

Legend: H - Height of the enhanced air terminal h - Height of the building protected Rp -Radius of the imaginary dome at the base (rooftop)

Figure 5.6.2 Enhanced Air terminal Appropriate for (h) 20 m or lower 124

Air gap

Grounded rod

Electrically floating spherical dome Upper support mast Coupling Downconductor (Enhanced: low inductance, low surge impedance with semi-conductive outer sheath, etc)

Lower Support mast

Mast support Mast base

Rooftop

Lightning counter Cable termination

Ground level

Rod connector

Ground rod

Enhanced grounding materials

Figure 5.6.3 Enhanced Air terminal Appropriate for (h) higher than 20m

125

VI. High Voltage Underground Distribution System. 6.1 Responsibility of design (Meralco) 6.2 Schedule of design and installation (Meralco)

6.3 Aqua Verde Development Project 6.3.1 Twenty(20) assorted high-rise residential/commercial condominium buildings 6.3.2 Location and site development plan (Feng Shui) 6.3.3 Design and installation schedule (Applicant/customer/developer with the approval of Meralco). 6.3.4 Load of each building 6.3.5 Total load of the project 6.3.6 Coordination works with Meralco 126

6.3.6.1 Substation lot (3,600 sq. meters minimum) for a total load of at least 10MVA. 6.3.6.2 Electrical layout (Ultimate/Master plan) 6.3.6.3 Electrical layout (Initial), including the scheme for the initial power supply. 6.3.6.4

Three(3) outgoing lines from the substation up to the Meralco take-off poles at the property boundary. Each line consists of eight(8) sets of four(4) inches PVC conduit which are encased in concrete.

6.3.6.5 The buildings shall be supplied with a loop-feed lines (2 lines), each line consists of eight(8) four(4) inches PVC conduits which are encased in concrete.

6.3.6.6 Single Line Diagram (Ultimate) 6.3.6.7 Single Line Diagram (Initial), including the scheme for the initial power supply. 6.3.6.8 Load schedules 127

6.3.6.9 Details of manholes 6.3.6.10 115KV – 34.5KV substation A. Design (Meralco)

B. Supply of equipment and materials, including installation (Meralco) 6.3.6.11 34.5KV Distribution system A. Fault calculations, sizing of conductors, and sizing of conduits (Meralco). B. Supply and installation of high voltages cables, including accessories (Meralco). C. All civil works, including the supply and installation of PVC conduits (Applicant/customer/developer). 6.3.7 Application of Electric Service. 6.3.7.1 Letter (By developer) 6.3.7.2 Submissions

128

Project: AQUA VERDE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT LocationBagong Bayan, Quezon City

Drawing 6.6.1 Location Plan

129

N E

W

+0.0

W

AT ER

FE AT U

RE

S

PADMOUNTED SWITCHGEAR #1

+0.0

Legend:

0.00 +0.0

PADMOUNTED SWITCHGEAR #2

3

0.00

+3.0

0.00

0.00

- Manhole. Number indicates location of manhole

+3.0

- Padmounted Transformer PROPOSED S/S LOT FOR MERALCO

- Switchgear +3.0

+3.0 0.00

- Underground 34.5 KV lines with eight(8) # 4" PVC conduits, schedule 40 +3.0 0.00

+6.0

+3.0

0.00

-0.5 +3.0

0.00

+3.0

+6.0

+6.0

Drawing 6.3 34.5KV POWER DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT (ULTIMATE) Scale 1:1000

130

Additional Legend: - Service drop, 34.5 KV, from existing line. To be retired when 115KV substation is completed. - Meralco pole - Underground 34.5 KV lines, with eight(8) #4" PVC conduits schedule 40 - Conduit stub-out

131

Drawing 6.6.7 Single Line Diagram (Ultimate) Not to Scale

SOURCE 1

OPEN POINT

OPEN POINT

at Substation

SOURCE 2 at Substation

ELBOW ARRESTERS

ELBOW ARRESTERS

OPEN POINT

PADMOUNTED SWITCHGEAR #1

PADMOUNTED SWITCHGEAR #2 ELBOW ARRESTERS

Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40

Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40

PADMOUNTED TRANSFORMER INSIDE BLDG.

BLDGS.

1A 364KVA

1B 505KVA

2A 864KVA

2D 339KVA

2B 854KVA

2E 359KVA

4A 680KVA

4B 238KVA

HIGH-RISEB 3B 1022KVA 2014KVA

4C 547KVA

3D 339KVA

ELBOW ARRESTERS

OPEN POINT Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40

Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40

PADMOUNTED TRANSFORMER INSIDE BLDG.

BLDGS.

1E 446KVA

1D 604KVA

1C HIGH-RISE A 1534KVA 1853KVA

2C 1579KVA

2F 343KVA

3A 1822KVA

3C 343KVA

132

Drawing # 6.6. Single Line Diagram (Initial) Not to Scale

Existing 34.5KV overhead distribution lines

SURGE ARRESTERS

Extension of 34.5KV overhead distribution lines AT THE TERMINAL POLE

POWER FUSE

ELBOW ARRESTERS

Eight(8) 4" PVC conduit schedule 40

TRANSFORMER VAULT INSIDE BLDG. AND STREET MANHOLES TO BE CONSTRUCTED

BLDGS.

1A 363KVA

1B 505KVA ELBOW ARRESTERS

TRANSFORMER VAULT INSIDE BLDG. AND STREET MANHOLES TO BE CONSTRUCTED

BLDGS.

1E 446KVA

1D 604KVA

133

Drawing # 6.7 PROJECT

AQUA VERDE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

LOCATION

BAGONG BAYAN QUEZON CITY

SUBJECT

ULTIMATE LOAD SCHEDULE PHASE I

PHASE II

PHASE III

TOTAL DEMAND LOAD PHASE I, II, III, & IV

PHASE IV

TYPE OF UNITS

1B 1BL 2B 2BL 3B TOTAL NO. OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS PER BLDG. TOTAL RESIDENTIAL DEMAND LOAD PER BLDG. (KVA)

5 16 28 20 11 16 15 32 5 5 16 29 20 11 5 STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY HIGH STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY STOREY 16 STOREY 4 STOREY STOREY STOREY 8 STOREY 38 STOREY BLDG - BLDG - BLDG. BLDG - BLDG - RISE A BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - 3C BLDG - 3D BLDG - BLDG - BLDG - 4C HIGH RISE B 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 3A 3B 4A 4B 17 62 169 30 36 198 53 72 142 26 30 26 127 96 26 24 25 13 56 215 2 2 35 0 9 2 11 11 28 0 0 4 25 17 4 0 16 10 12 0 20 22 71 49 9 194 39 13 59 20 24 17 154 51 17 20 32 17 22 215 3 5 0 0 8 0 12 6 29 0 0 0 26 8 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 25 17 9 0 11 11 28 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 7 3 8 0

46

91

300

96

249.54 382.23 1330.08 482

71

394

126

113

286

46

54

47

332

188

332.34 1738.88 596.09 498.33 1328.56 225.09 244.67 228.63 1541.98 856.81

47

44

228.63

225.01

83

43

397.69 123.91

98

430

432.79

1900.36

TOTAL RETAIL/REST LOAD PER BLDG. (KVA)

-

8.4

89.6

8.4

-

-

153.6

242

136

-

-

-

165.6

51.04

-

-

168

-

-

-

TOTAL ADMIN LOAD PER BLDG. (KVA)

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

546.79

2014.36

TOTAL DEMAND LOAD PER BLDG. 363.54 504.63 1533.68 604.4 446.34 1852.88 863.69 854.33 1578.56 339.09 358.67 342.63 1821.58 1021.85 342.63 (KVA)

339.01

679.69 237.91

DATE OF COMPLETION

DECEMBER 2011

DECEMBER 2013

DECEMBER 2015

DECEMBER 2017

TOTAL DEMAND LOAD (KVA)

5305.47

4336.97

3525.07

3478.75

16646.26

134

Thanks & God Bless! & ENGR. VIRGILIO S. LUZARES ‘govhil’ 0932-5368568 * 0915-4226555

Email Address: [email protected] [email protected] Engr. Hil Luzares

IIEE Professional Training & Development Committee