Etap Renewable Sources Modeling Simulation

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Energy Modeling, Simulation & Operations Software This document isHybrid confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may (DER) not be reproduced, Renewable, & Distributed Energy Resources published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

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Optimizing Green & Clean Power ETAP software is a powerful tool for designing and analyzing hybrid power systems, which contain a mix of conventional generators, combined heat and power, wind turbines, solar photovoltaics, batteries, fuel cells, hydropower, biomass and other inputs. It is currently used all over the world by tens of thousands of people. For either grid-tied or off-grid environments, ETAP helps determine how variable resources such as wind and solar can be optimally integrated into hybrid systems. Engineers and nonprofessionals use ETAP to run simulations of different energy systems, compare the results and get a realistic projection of their capital and operating expenses. ETAP determines the economic feasibility of a hybrid energy system, optimizes the system design and allows users to really understand how hybrid renewable systems work. As distributed generation and renewable power projects continue to be the fastest growing segment of the energy industry, ETAP can serve utilities, telecoms, systems integrators, and many other types of project developers - to mitigate the financial risk of their hybrid power projects. ETAP provides software, services, and an on-line community to the diverse group of people who are using ETAP to design hybrid systems.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

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Wind Turbine Generator Wind Turbine Generator Analysis program allows you to model wind farm operation with grid connection via a highly flexible graphic interface optimized for both steady-state and dynamic simulation. Wind Turbine Generator module is part of the ETAP Renewable Energy solution and is fully compatible with ETAP User-Defined Dynamic Model Builder and Complier. Wind Turbine Generator models fully integrated with all ETAP calculation modules such as Load Flow, Short circuit, Transient Stability, Harmonic Analysis, Protective Device Coordination, and ETAP Real-Time. User-defined actions may be added to simulate wind turbine and grid transient recovery variations and relay operations. It also predicts the dynamic response of each individual wind turbine generator.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 4    Wind power analysis software results may be utilized for analyzing alternative turbine placement, tuning of control parameters, selection and placement of protective devices, and sizing associated equipment. Wind turbine analysis software module comes to market with proven utility. Wind farm analysis software is currently being used for real-time monitoring of power exchange between wind turbines and the power grid at the third largest wind farm in the United States designed by AEP Proserve installed and commissioned by GE Wind Energy and currently being operated by Iberdrola Renewables.

With high wind penetration levels being planned globally, the need for grid operators to quickly assess the impacts of wind generation on system stability has become critical. In the planning phase, this assessment is normally done with positive sequence time-domain analysis, which allows for a simulation of the dynamic response of a power system to major disturbances (e.g., short circuits). The lack of suitable dynamic models for the wide variety of wind turbines available in the marketplace has been an obstacle in performing accurate analyses of this type, though efforts led by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) to develop industrystandard wind turbine models are addressing this issue. WECC Modeling & Validation Working Group initiated an effort to develop and validate a series of generic dynamic models for wind turbine generators (WTG). The objectives of this effort were to: 1) Allow for the performance of transient stability studies in the early stages of the interconnection process when WTG manufacturer / model may be undetermined. 2) Reduce WTG manufacturer confidentiality concerns with respect to proprietary aspects of dynamic models. 3) Improve the quality and usability of models, consistent with the level of accuracy expected in an initial system impact evaluation.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 5      ETAP includes wind turbine models developed by the WECC Modeling & Validation Working Group. These models were developed for analyzing the stability impact of large arrays of wind turbines with a single point of network interconnection. Dynamic simulations have been performed with these models, and comparisons made with results derived from higher-order models used in manufacturer-specific representations of aero conversion and drivetrain dynamics.

Generic WECC models were developed for four major WTG topologies. The first topology, is referred to as a Type 1 WTG. This machine is pitch-regulated, and drives a squirrel cage induction generator which is directly coupled to the grid.

Type 2 WTG is a variation on the Type 1, operating with variable slip. It utilizes a wound rotor induction generator whose rotor winding is brought out via slip rings and brushes. An external rotor resistance is electronically modulated to effect dynamic changes in the machine’s torque-speed characteristics.

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), or partial conversion, topology is designated as WECC Type 3. The turbine is pitch-regulated and features a wound rotor induction generator with an AC/DC/AC power converter connected between the rotor terminals and grid. The generator stator winding is directly coupled to the grid. The power converter in the rotor circuit allows for independent control of generator torque and flux, providing fast active and reactive power control over a wide range of generator speeds.

Finally, the full conversion topology is designated as WECC Type 4. The turbine is pitch-regulated and features an AC/DC/AC power converter through which the entire power of the generator is processed. The generator may be either induction or synchronous type. As with the Type 3 WTG, the power converter allows for independent control of quadrature and direct axis output currents at the grid interface, providing fast active and reactive power control over a wide range of generator speeds.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 6    ETAP includes a Wind Turbine Library based on Manufacturer and Model data provided by the wind turbine vendors. This library can be user customizable and expandable to include the nameplate rating as well as the dynamic parameter information as available.

 

ETAP can be used to perform AC & DC arc flash analysis for any type of industrial, commercial and/or utility electrical network. With the addition of wind turbine generator, ETAP arc flash analysis program was enhanced to consider the magnitude of fault current contribution based on the wind turbine technology types mentioned above. The Arc Flash Analysis program is a completely integrated module that solves multiple scenarios to determine worst-case arc flash energy levels. The Arc flash calculation software module also produces professional reports and high quality arc flash safety labels at a press of a button. Arc Flash Result Analyzer is a time-saving software tool that compares and filters various arc flash analysis reports coming from different scenarios in a single display. The Arc Flash Result Analyzer can also compare arc flash calculation results from different projects within the same file directory.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 7    The Arc Flash Result Analyzer tool is included with the arc flash hazard assessment software. Compare the results from the arc flash hazard assessment such as general information about the project or more specific information such as the results from buses, protective devices, or load terminals in an arc flash study.

 

 

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 8    ETAP Arc Flash Analysis automatically estimates the Incident Energy released in the event of an arc fault and determines the required Flash Protection Boundary. To find out more about ETAP Arc Flash Module, please visit. http://etap.com/downloads/brochures/arc-flash.pdf  

 

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 9    Automatic Generation Control of Hybrid Conventional and Wind Turbine Generators

ETAP Automatic Generation Control (AGC) can be used to control GT / STG in a hybrid wind and conventional power generation network. Since the Wind output is not predictable and fluctuates without warning, the power at the grid interconnection is constantly changing. The operators manually dispatch the units in order to not exceed the allowable power transfer to the utility. By placing STG units in AGC mode, new setpoints will be automatically calculated and dispatched to the units. These setpoints will be dispatched in digital format on a periodic basis in order to regulate power exchange with the utility to a specified value. Consider the following simplified hybrid wind and GT / STG power plant configuration.

In order to apply Automatic Generation Control to this system, STG1 and STG2 would be specified as generators under AGC or auto control units in the AGC Study Case. Utility interconnection or transmission line will be included as the interchange meter. You can utilize This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 10    ETAP Interchange Transaction Scheduling (ITS) to specify the scheduled power output to the utility or it can be the maximum allowable power transfer in MW on the transmission line. ETAP AGC mode of operation would be Tie-Line Control Mode. This implies that AGC will not regulate generator output to correct frequency errors but only send setpoints to the generators based on deviation on the utility tie line or interconnection from the scheduled value. The generators can also be placed in power sharing mode so that any ± change of power can be shared proportionally. AGC calculation cycle time is user adjustable but would be established around 300 seconds. This is a longer time compared to typical 5-10 seconds AGC correction done on utility systems. The reason being, significant noise will be seen in the MW power delivered to the interconnection point due to the wind turbines and rapid adjustment of the STG units will not be feasible. STG units will be adjusted for larger excursions of power from the scheduled value.

Note that AGC utilized sophisticated filtering and denoising techniques to identify the power output from each unit instead of using instantaneous values. If the generators are producing 450 MW each and the wind farm output is 50 MW and the scheduled power transfer is 1000 MW, then AGC will automatically send the setpoint to the units to bring up their output to 475 MW each. Within the next 5 mins, if the wind farm output changes to 80 MW then the setpoints dispatched to the units will be 460 MW each.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

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Photovoltaic (PV) & Solar Thermal Power Generation Photovoltaic (PV) array is one of the important elements of renewable energy, microgrid, smart grid, etc. It converts solar radiation energy into direct current using semiconductors and then to alternating current electric power through inverters. ETAP Photovoltaic Array is used to represent individual panels connected in series and parallel combinations with a grid tied inverter in order to simulate and analyze grid connected solar farms. Photovoltaic array element is part of the ETAP Renewable Energy system and is fully integrated with all ETAP calculation modules such as Load Flow, Short circuit, Transient Stability, Harmonic Analysis, Protective Device Coordination, and ETAP Real-Time solutions. The characteristics of the photovoltaic such as the Power-Voltage (P-V) curve and the Current-Voltage (I-V) curve can be defined in ETAP using the Photovoltaic Library or manually specifying the Maximum Peak Power Voltage (Vmp-p), Maximum Peak Power Current Imp-p, Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) and Short Circuit current (Isc). ETAP considers the effect of performance coefficients such as changes in irradiance and cell temperature and can automatically recalculate the power output from the Photovoltaic array. The Photovoltaic array elements also includes an irradiance calculator than can calculate the solar irradiance incident upon a location. Solar Irradiance is the power per unit area available at a location due to solar radiation. The solar irradiance calculator is especially useful when designing or estimating electrical power output from the panels without knowledge of the entire network. Photovoltaic Array Analysis Program Key Features include the following: 

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The Photovoltaic Array Analysis module gives you the ability to model unlimited solar panels individually or in groups and connect them in series and/or parallel combinations to form a solar array. User-defined solar panel library with P-V and I-V characteristics Solar irradiance calculator to determine irradiance in watts per square meter based on specified date, time and location Simulate solar irradiance changes and its effect on the solar farm output

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

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Create multiple solar irradiance categories for predictive “what if” studies & scenarios Built-in inverter model eliminates the need for unnecessary node connections Model behavior of Maximum Peak Power Tracking (MPPT) Controller for Inverters

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

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ETAP Real‐Time Renewable Energy Management System ETAP Power management software is a suite of energy management tools that offers a fully integrated enterprise solution. Through continuous monitoring, simulation, and optimization of electrical, process, manufacturing, and management systems that are in place, this power management system software can maximize the entire production process, reduce losses, and increase profits. Using a Power Management software allows the client to extend the traditional data acquisition systems to an intelligent power software solution for operators, dispatchers, engineers, and decision makers. Its modular applications can be tailored to fit the needs of each company, from small to large power systems. Industrial facilities, transmission and distribution companies, generation owners, and vertically integrated utilities can all benefit from the features and functionality of ETAP RealTime which contains all the necessary applications of a complete Power Management Software. ETAP’s robust and proven analysis algorithms combined with portable and flexible foundation provides a highly available Power Management system, comprehensive modeling environment, operator-friendly user interface, and state-of-the-art energy management applications.

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

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Dedicated / Customizable Farm HMI iVAR Control Generation Management System Load Management System Environment Monitoring Wind Turbine Performance Monitoring Solar & Inverter Performance Monitoring Prediction of system response to operator actions

Value Proposition  Combining existing ETAP model with real-time data  Multiple meters without electrical SCADA  State estimation utilization in order to estimate turbine operating power for greater system visibility  Grid interconnection power measurement  Off-the-shelf hardware and software applications  Electrical & non-electrical data acquisition  High availability configuration via built-in redundancy and automatic failover  Cause & effect investigation & what-if analysis  User customizable dashboards and KPIs  System expandable to include additional power applications

   

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

 

 

 

P a g e  | 15    Performance Monitoring ETAP Real-Time allows comparison of operating energy injection from the renewable sources together with predicted energy injection based on same day weather data. The user is able to graphically track actual energy output per device versus predicted output as a function of time as well as actual device output versus calculated performance curve. Hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly comparisons can be made that allow operations and maintenance (O&M) groups to easily identify panels that have deteriorated performance versus weather related degradation of output and schedule preventive maintenance.  

This document is confidential and proprietary to ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to others without the written authorization of ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2012 by ETAP/Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.