Finals Drill1

AP - Final Examinations PB Examination No. 1 INSTRUCTIONS: SELECT THE CORRECT RESPONSE TO EACH NUMBERED QUESTIONS. USE THE SPECIAL ANSWER SHEET AND DRAW A VERTICAL LINE ACROSS THE LETTERED BOX THAT CORRESPONDS TO YOUR CHOICE. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ARE ALLOWED. ====================================================================== Problem 1 You have been engaged for the audit of the Letecia Company for the year ended December 31, 2007. The Letecia Company is engaged in the wholesale chemical business and makes all sales at 25% over cost. Following are portions of the client’s sales and purchases accounts for the calendar year 2007. SALES Date Reference Amount Bal. Forward Date Reference Amount 12-31 Closing entry P 699,860 P 658,320 12-27 SI # 965 5,195 12-28 966 19,270 12-28 967 1,302 12-31 969 5,841 12-31 970 7,922 _______ 12-31 971 2,010 P 699,860 P 699,860 PURCHASES

Date

Bal. Forward Reference

12-28 12-30 12-31 12-31

RR # 1059 1061 1062 1063

Amount P 360,300 3,100 8,965 4,861 8,120 P 385,346

Date 12-31

Reference Closing entry

Amount P 385,346

_______ P 385,346

SI – Sales Invoice RR – Receiving Report You observed the physical inventory of goods in the warehouse on December 31, 2007 and were satisfied that it was properly taken. When performing a sales and purchases cutoff tests, you found that at December 31, 2007, the last receiving report that had been used No. 1063 and that no shipments have

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been made on any sales invoices with numbers larger than No. 968. You also obtained the following additional information: 1. Included in the warehouse physical inventory at December 31, 2007, were chemicals that had been purchased and received on receiving report No. 1060 but for which an invoice was not received until 2008. Cost was P2,183. 2. In the warehouse at December 31, 2007, were goods that had been sold and paid for by the customer but which were not shipped out until 2008. They were all sold on sales invoice No. 965 and were not inventoried. 3. On the evening of December 31, 2007, there were two cars on the Letecia Company siding: (a) Car BR38162 was unloaded on January 2, 2008, and received on receiving report No. 1063. The freight was paid by the vendor. (b) Car BAE74123 was loaded and sealed on December 31, 2007, and was switched off the company’s siding on January 2, 2008. The sales price was P12,700 and the freight was paid by the customer. This order was sold on sales invoice No. 968. 4. Temporarily stranded at December 31, 2007, on a railroad siding were two cars of chemicals en route to the Z Pulp and Paper Co. They were sold on sales invoice No. 966 and the terms were FOB destination. 5. En route in the Letecia Company on December 31, 2007, was a truckload of material that was received on receiving report no. 1064. The material was shipped FOB destination and freight of P75 was paid by the Letecia Company. However, the freight was deducted from the purchase price of P975. 6. Included in the physical inventory were chemicals exposed to rain while in transit and deemed unsalable. Their invoice cost was P1,250, and freight charges of P350 had been paid on the chemicals. Questions: 1.

The inventory at year-end is understated by: a. P 23,976 b. P 32,096 c. P 33,696

d. P 44,714

2. The adjusted sales at year-end is: a. P 664,817 b. P 677,517

c. P 680,590

d. P 712,560

3. The adjusted purchases at year-end is: a. P 377,226 b. P 379,409

c. P 383,163

d. P 387,529

4. The cost of sales at year-end is overstated by: a. P 31,513 b. P 50,991 c. P 52,591

d. P 63,609

5. The sales at year-end is overstated by: a. P 19,270 b. P 22,343

d. P 40,120

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c. P 35,043

Problem 2 Charmaine Corporation was incorporated on January 1, 2000, and began operations one week later. Charmaine is a nonpublic enterprise. Charmaine Corporation’s controller prepared the following financial statements for the 11 months ended November 30, 2005: Balance Sheet November 30, 2005 ASSETS Current Assets: Cash Marketable securities, at cost Accounts receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts Inventories Prepaid expenses Total current assets Property, plant and equipment Accumulated depreciation Other Assets Total assets

150,000.00 60,000.00 450,000.00 (59,000.00) 430,000.00 15,000.00 1,046,000.00 426,000.00 (40,000.00) 120,000.00 1,552,000.00

LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current Liabilities Accounts payable & accrued expenses 592,000.00 Income tax payable 0 Total current liabilities 592,000.00 Stockholders’ Equity Common stock, P10 par value 300,000.00 Retained earnings 660,000.00 Total stockholders’ Equity 836,000.00 Total liabilities & Stockholders’ Equity 1,552,000.00 Statement of Income For the year ended November 30, 2005 Net sales Cost & expenses: Cost of sales Selling and Administrative Depreciation Research and Development Income before income taxes

2,950,000.00 1,670,000.00 650,000.00 40,000.00 30,000.00 2,390,000.00 560,000.00

Transactions for the month of December 2005:

1. Purchased merchandise from Abegail Industries, P350,000. Terms: Less 5%, 10%, FOB shipping point, 2/10, n/30. Abegail Industries paid P2,000 for the transportation cost. It is the policy of the company to record the purchases at net of discount. 2. Collected P150,000 accounts receivable less 2% discount.

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3. Sold merchandise on account to Bing Supplies, P300,000. Terms: FOB destination, 3/10, n/30. Charmaine Corporation paid the freight for P3,000. The company records these sales at net of discount. 4. Charmaine Corporation issued check for P100,000 as partial payment of the account to Abegail Industries. 5. Paid various operating expenses, P215,000. 6. Collected in full the account of Bing Supplies within the discount period. 7. Charmaine Corporation issued check for full payment of accounts to Abegail Industries 20 days after the invoice date. 8. Ending inventory, P500,000. Additional Information: a. b.

Income tax rate is 35%. The investment portfolio consist of short-term investments in marketable equity securities with a total market valuation of P75,000 as of December 31, 2005.

b. A P15,000 insurance premium paid on November 30, 2004, on a policy expiring one year later was charged insurance expense. c.

On June 1, 2002, a machine purchased for P45,000 was charged to repairs and maintenance. Charmaine depreciates machines of this type on the straight-line method over a five year life, with no salvage value, for financial and tax purposes.

d.

During November 2005, a competitor company filed suit against Charmaine for patent infringement claiming P200,000 in damages. Charmaine Corporation’s legal counsel believes that an unfavorable outcome is probable. A reasonable estimate of the court’s award to the plaintiff is P50,000.

Questions: 6. Cash a. P 51,230

b. P 62,765

c. P 68,750

d. P 70,250

7. Marketable Equity Securities a. P 50,000 b. P 60,000

c. P 75,000

d. P 80,000

8. Property, Plant, & Equipment a. P 398,750 b. P 399,500

c. P 426,000

d. P 471,000

9. Total Current Assets a. P 899,750

b. P 804,980

c. P 884,750

d. P 908,750

10. Accounts payable and others a. P 592,000 b. P 642,000

c. P 773,775

d. P 765,600

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11. Retained earnings - beg a. P 100,000 b. P 123,075

c. P 135,070

d. P 146,700

12. Sales a. P 3,190,000

c. P 3,247,000

d. P 3,301,000

13. Selling and admin expenses a. P 946,735 b. P 945,485

c. P 937,735

d. P 936,485

14. Research and Development cost a. P 0 b. P 30,000

c. P 45,000

d. P 50,000

15. Depreciation a. P 40,000

c. P 71,500

d. P 72,250

b. P 3,238,000

b. P 49,000

Problem 3 The Vanessa Company engaged Mr. Coliseo, a CPA, in 2007 to examine its books and records and to make whatever adjustments are necessary. The CPA’s examination disclosed the following: a.

Prior to any adjustments, the Retained Earnings account is reproduced below: RETAINED EARNINGS

Date

Particular

Debit

2005 Jan. 1 Balance Dec. 31 Net income for the year 2006 Jan 31 Dividends paid Apr. 3 Paid in capital in excess of par Aug. 30 Gain on retirement of preferred Stock at less than issue price Dec. 31 Net loss for the year 2007 Jan 31 Dividends paid Dec. 31 Net loss for the year

140,000

Credit

Balance Debit Credit

310,000

580,000 890,000

90,000

750,000 840,000

205,000

64,500

904,500 699,500

100,000 165,500

599,500 434,000

b.

Dividends had been declared on December 31, 2005 and 2006 but had not been entered in the books until paid.

c.

The company purchased a machine worth P360,000 on April 30, 2004. The company charged the purchase to expense. The machine has an estimated useful life of 3 years. The company uses the straight line method and residual values are deemed immaterial.

d.

The company received at transportation equipment as donation from one of its stockholders on September 30, 2006. The equipment was used to deliver goods to customers. The equipment costs P750,000 and has a remaining life of 3 years on the date of donation. The equipment has a fair value of P240,000 and P30,000 was incurred

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for registering the transfer of ownership. The company did not record the donation on its books. The expenses paid related to the donated equipment were charged to expense. e.

The physical inventory of merchandise had been understates by P64,000 and by P44,500 at the end of 2005 and 2007, respectively.

f.

The merchandise inventoried at the end of 2006 and 2007 did not include merchandise that was then in transit shipped FOB shipping point. These equipments of P43,400 and P32,600 were recorded a purchases in January 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Questions Based on the above audit findings, the adjusted balances of the following are: (Disregard tax implication) 16. Retained earnings, 12/31/04 a. P 860,000 b. P 850,900

c. P 790,900

d. P 760,900

17. Net income for 2005 a. P 373,100

b. P 369,800

c. P 254,000

d. P 215,800

18. Retained earnings, 12/31/05 a. P 976,700 b. P 974,000

c. P 860,700

d. P 720,700

19. Net loss for 2006 a. P 379,000

b. P 359,700

c. P 349,700

d. P 269,700

20. Retained earnings, 12/31/06 a. P 341,000 b. P 411,000

c. P 481,000

d. P 495,000

21. Retained earnings, 12/31/07 a. P 362,700 b. P 332,700

c. P 302,700

d. P 254,000

Problem 4 On January 1, 2006, Kazoo Company acquired a factory equipment at a cost of P150,000. The equipment is being depreciated using the straight line method over its projected useful life of 10 years. On December 31, 2007, a determination was made that the asset’s recoverable amount was only P96,000. Assume that this was properly computed and that recognition of the impairment was warranted. On December 31, 2008, the asset’s recoverable amount was determined to be P111,000 and management believes that the impairment loss previously recognized should be reversed. You have been asked to assist the company’s accountant in the application of PAS 36, the standard on impairment of assets. Questions: 22. a. P0

How much impairment loss should be recognized on December 31, 2007? b. P9,000 c. P24,000 d. P54,000

23. What is the asset’s carrying amount on December 31, 2008? a. P84,000 b. P86,400 c. P90,000 d. P96,000

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24.

What would have been the asset’s carrying amount at December 31, 2008, had the impairment not been recognized in 2007? a. P84,000 b. P86,400 c. P96,000 d. P105,000

25.

How much impairment recovery should be reported in the 2008 income statement of Kazoo Company? a. P0 b. P6,000 c. P21,000 d. P27,000

Problem 5 Mark Company has a department that performs machining operations on parts that are sold to contractors. A group of machines had an aggregate carrying amount of P3,690,000 on December 31, 2006. This group of machinery has been determined to constitute a cash generating unit for purposes of applying PAS 36, Impairment of Assets. A cash generating unit as defined in this standard is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or group of assets. Presented below are data about future expected cash inflows and outflows based on the diminishing productivity expected of the machinery as it ages and the increasing costs that will be incurred to generate output from the machines. Cost, Excluding Year Revenues Depreciation 2007 P2,250,000 P 840,000 2008 2,400,000 1,260,000 2009 1,950,000 1,650,000 2010 600,000 450,000 Totals P7,200,000 P4,200,000 The fair value of the machinery in this cash generating unit, net of estimated disposition costs, is determined to amount to P2,535,000. The company discounts the future cash flows of this cash generating unit by using a 5% discount rate.

The following are lifted from the present value tables: Present value of 1 at 5% for: 1 period 2 periods 3 periods 4 periods 5 periods

0.95238 0.90703 0.86384 0.82270 0.78353

Questions: 26. How much impairment loss should be recognized at December 31, 2006? a. P 0 b. P 224,427 c. P 930,573 d. P 1,155,000 Problem 6 On January 1, 2007, Greg Corporation contracted with Mega Construction Company to construct a building for P40,000,000 on land that Greg purchased several years ago. The contract provides that Greg is to make five payments in 2007, with the last payment scheduled for date of completion. The building was completed on December 31, 2007.

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Greg made the following payments during 2007: January 1 March 31 June 30 September 30 December 31 Total

P 4,000,000 8,000,000 12,200,000 8,800,000 7,000,000 P 40,000,000

Greg had the following debt outstanding at December 31, 2007: a. A 12%, 4-year note January 1, 2007, with interest compounded quarterly. Both principal and interest are payable on December 31, 2010. This loan relates specifically to the building project. b. A 10%, 10-year note dated December 31, 2003, with simple interest; interest payable annually on December 31 c. A 12%, 5-year note dated December 31, 2005, with simple interest; interest payable annually on December 31

P 17,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000

Greg adopts the allowed alternative treatment of capitalizing borrowing costs under PAS 23: Borrowing Costs. The following present and future value factors are taken from the present and future value tables: 3% 12% Future value of 1 for: 4 periods 1.12551 1.57352 16 periods 1.60471 6.13039 Present value of 1 for: 4 periods 16 periods

0.88849 0.62317

0.63552 0.16312

Questions: 26. a. P 0

The amount of interest to be capitalized during 2007 is b. P 2,133,680 c. P 2,277,710

27. a. P 0

The amount of interest that would be expensed for 2007 is b. P 2,277,720 c. P 2,735,960 d. P 5,013,680

d. P 5,013,680

Problem 7 In reconciling the cash in bank account of Charmaine Company with the bank statement balance for the month of July 2007, the following data are summarized: Cash in bank: Balance, June 30 Book debits for July including June CM for note collected, P300,000 Book credits for July including June NSF of P100,000 and service

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1,000,000 4,000,000

charge of P4,000

3,600,000

Bank statement for July: Balance, June 30 Bank debits for July including service charge of P1,000 and June outstanding checks of P854,000 Bank credits for July including CM for bank loan of P500,000 and June deposit in transit of P400,000

1,650,000 2,500,000 3,500,000

Questions: 28. Deposit in transit at July 31 is: a. P 1,150,000 b. P 1,100,000

c. P 900,000

d. P 850,000

29.Outstanding checks at July 31 is: a. P 1,851,000 b. P 1,954,000

c. P 1,951,000

d. P 1,861,000

30. Cash balance at June 30 is: a. P 1,846,000 b. P 1,650,000

c. P 1,196,000

d. P 1,200,000

31. Cash balance at July 31 is: a. P 1,599,000 b. P 1,846,000

c. P 1,899,000

d. P 2,300,000

32. An entity’s internal control structure requires for every check request that there be an approved voucher, supported by a prenumbered purchase order and prenumbered receiving report. To determine whether checks are being issued for unauthorized expenditures, an auditor most likely would select items for testing from the population of all a. Purchase orders. b. Canceled checks. c. Receiving reports. d. Approved vouchers. Problem 8 Gaze Company sells directly to customers. On January 1, 2006, the balance of accounts receivable was P250,000 while allowance for doubtful accounts was a credit of P20,000. The following data are available since 2003: 2003 2004 2005 2006

Credit sales 1,100,000 1,200,000 1,500,000 3,000,000

Write-off 26,000 29,000 30,000 40,000

Recoveries 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

Doubtful accounts are provided for as a percentage of credit sales. The accountant calculates the percentage annually by using the experience of the three years prior to the current year. The formula is accounts written off less recoveries expressed as a percentage of the credit sales for the period. Cash receipts in 2006 from credit sales amounted to P2,615,000.

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Questions: 33. What is the percentage to be used in computing the allowance for doubtful accounts on December 31, 2006? a. 1.63% b. 1.75% c. 2.00% d. 2.17% 34. How much is the provision for doubtful accounts for 2006? a. P 65,100 b. P 60,000 c. P 52,500

d. P 48,900

35. What is the ledger balance of accounts receivable on December 31, 2006? a. P 615,000 b. P 600,000 c. P 534,900 d. P 385,000 36. What is the ledger balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts after necessary adjustments on December 31, 2006? a. P 28,900 c. P 32,500 c. P 45,000 d. P 45,100 37. Which of the following controls most likely would help ensure that all credit sales transactions of an entity are recorded? a. The billings department supervisor sends copies of approved sales orders to the credit department foe comparison to authorized credit limits and current customer account. b. The accounting department supervisor independently reconciles the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger to the accounts receivable control account monthly. c. The accounting department supervisor controls the mailing of monthly statements to customers and investigates any differences reported by customers. d. The billing department supervisor matches prenumbered shipping documents with entries in the sales journal. 38. Which of the following is not a step in an auditor’s decision to assess control risk at below the maximum? a. Evaluate the effectiveness of the internal control procedures with tests of controls. b. Obtain an understanding of the entity’s accounting system and control environment. c. Perform tests of details of transactions to detect material misstatements in the financial statements. d. Consider whether control procedures can have a pervasive effect on financial statement assertions. Problem 9 Deli Company is a wholesale distributor of automotive replacement parts. Initial amounts taken from accounting records on December 31, 2006 are as follows: Inventory at December 31 (based on physical count on December) Accounts payable Sales

1,250,000 1,000,000 9,000,000

Additional information is as follows: 1. Parts held on consignment from XYZ to Deli, the consignee, amounting to P165,000, were included in the physical count on December 31, 2006, and in accounts payable at December 31, 2006.

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2.

P20,000 of parts which were purchased and paid for in December 2006, were sold in the last week of 2006 and appropriately recorded as sales of P28,000. The parts were included in the physical count on December 31, 2006, because the parts were on the loading dock waiting to be picked up by the customers. 3. Parts in transit on December 31, 2006, to customers, shipped FOB shipping point, on December 28, 2006, amounted to P34,000. The customers received the parts on January 6, 2007. Sales of P40,000 to the customers for the parts were recorded by Deli on January 2, 2007. 4. Retailers were holding P210,000 at cost and P250,000 at retail, of goods on consignment from Deli, at their stores on December 31, 2006. 5. Goods were in transit from a vendor to Deli on December 31, 2006. The cost of goods was P25,000, and they were shipped FOB shipping point on December 29, 2006. Questions: 39. The inventory at year-end is: a. P 1,320,000 b. P 1,300,000

c. P 1,290,000

d. P 1,270,000

40. The accounts payable at year-end is: a. P 1,190,000 b. P 1,165,000

c. P 860,000

d. P 835,000

41. Net sales at year-end is: a. P 8,960,000 b. P 9,034,000

c. P 9,000,000

d. P 9,040,000

42. Which of the following questions would most likely be included in an internal control questionnaire concerning the completeness assertion for purchases? a. Is an authorized purchase order required before the receiving department can accept a shipment or the vouchers payable department can record a voucher? b. Are purchase requisitions prenumbered and independently matched with vendor invoices? c. Is the unpaid voucher file periodically reconciled with inventory records by an employee who does not have access to purchase requisitions? d. Are purchase orders, receiving reports, and voucher prenumbered and periodically accounted for? Problem 10 On April 30, 2006, a fire damaged the office of Amaze Company. The following balances were gathered from the general ledger on March 31, 2006: Accounts receivable Inventory – January 1 Accounts payable Sales Purchases

920,000 1,880,000 950,000 3,600,000 1,680,000

Additional information: 1.

An examination of the April bank statement and canceled checks written during the period April 1-30 as follows: Accounts payable as of March 31 April merchandise shipments

240,000 80,000

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Expenses

160,000

Deposits during the same period amounted to P440,000 which consisted of collections from customers with the exception of P20,000 refund from a vendor for merchandise returned in April. 2.

Customers acknowledgement indebtedness of P1,040,000 at April 30, 2006. Customers owed another P30,000 that will never be recovered. Of the acknowledge indebtedness, P40,000 may prove uncollectible. 3. Correspondence with suppliers revealed unrecorded obligations at April 30 of P340,000 for April merchandise shipment, including P100,000 for shipments in transit on that date. 4. The average gross profit rate is 40%. 5. inventory with a cost of P260,000 was salvaged and sold for P140,000. The balance of the inventory was a total loss. Questions: 43. Sales from January 1 to April 30, 2006 is: a. P 4,220,000 b. P 4,200,000

c. P 3,600,000

d. P 3,480,000

44. Purchases from January 1 to April 30, 2006 is: a. P 2,100,000 b. P 2,020,000 c. P 1,980,000

d. P 1,680,000

45. Fire loss on April 30, 2006 is: a. P 1,200,000 b. P 1,440,000

d. P 1,140,000

c. P 1,340,000

46. Periodic or cycle of selected inventory items are made at various times during the year rather than a single inventory count at year end, which of the following is necessary if the auditor plans to observe inventories at interim dates? a. Complete recounts by independent teams are performed. b. Perpetual inventory records are integrated with production accounting records. c. Unit cost records are integrated with production accounting records. d. Inventory balances are rarely at low levels. Problem 11 The management of JENNY Company has engaged you to assist in the preparation of yearend (December 31) financial statements. Based on your examination, the following pertinent information were gathered: a. The company’s year-end inventory of 43,500 units is based on a physical count taken on December 31 which has been undertaken under your observation. b. During the month of December, sales totaled 138,630 units including 40,000 units shipped on consignment to BASAN Corporation. c. A letter received from the BASAN Corporation indicates that as of December 31, it has sold 15,200 units and was still trying to sell the remainder. d. Your review of the December purchase orders to various suppliers disclosed the following:

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a. 4,200 under b. 3,600 2003, c. 7,900 under d. 8,000 under e. 4,600 under f. 3,500 under e.

units were shipped on January 2, 2004 and received on January 5, 2004, FOB destination. units were shipped on December 17, 2003 and received on December 22, under FOB destination. units were shipped on January 5, 2004 and received on January 7, 2004, FOB shipping point. units were shipped on December 29, 2003 and received on January 2, 2004, FOB shipping point. units were shipped on January 4, 2004 and received on January 6, 2004, FOB destination. units were shipped on January 5, 2004 and received on January 7, 2004, FOB destination.

JENNY Company uses the “passing of legal title” for inventory recognition.

Questions: 47. Inventory balance in units to be reported on December 31, 2003 a. 76,300 units b. 55,100 units c. 51,500 units

d. 43,600 units

48. Total units available for sale to be reported on December 31, 2003 a. 157,330 units b. 165,330 units c. 168,960 units d. 190,130 units 49. Cost of sales in units to be reported on December 31, 2003 a. 153,830 units b. 138,630 units c. 125,430 units

d. 113,830 units

50.

Inventory level in units on November 30, 2003 a. 178,530 units b. 168,960 units c. 165,330 units

d.

51.

Purchases for the month is a. 3,600 units b. 11,600 units

d. 19,700 units

c. 16,200 units

157,330

units

Problem 12 The income statement and a schedule reconciling cash flows from operating activities to net income are provided below (P in 000s) for Abajero Computers. Abajero Computers Income Statements For the year ended Dec. 31, 2004 Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Salaries expense Insurance expense Depreciation expenses Loss on sale of land Income before tax Income tax expense Net Income

41 19 11 5

305 185 120

76 44 22 22

Abajero Computers Income Statements

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For the year ended Dec. 31, 2004 Net income Adjustments for Noncash effects: Depreciation expense Loss on sale of land Decrease in accounts receivable Increase in inventory ( Decrease in accounts payable Increase in salaries payable Decrease in prepaid insurance Increase in income tax payable Net cash flows from operation

22 11 5 6 13) ( 8) 5 9 20 57

Questions: 52. The cash received from customer during the reporting period is: a. P 319 b. P 311 c. P 305

d. P 299

53. The cash paid to suppliers of goods during the reporting period is: a. P 214 b. P 206 c. P 198 d. P 190 54. The cash paid to employees during the reporting period is: a. P 46 b. P 41 c. P 36

d. P 11

55. The cash paid for insurance during the reporting period is: a. P 10 b. P 11 c. P 19

d. P 28

56. The cash paid for income taxes during the reporting period is: a. P 42 b. P 22 c. P 18

d. P 2

57. Inventories received from consignor will a. Not be recorded but included in the inventories total. b. Not be recorded but included in the notes to the balance sheet c. Be recorded with a debit to inventories. d. Either recorded or not recorded.

1. B

7. C

13. C

19. A

25. C

31. C

37. D

43. B

49. D

55. A

2. A

8. A

14. B

20. D

26. C

32. B

38. C

44. A

50. A

56. D

3, D

9. A

15. B

21. D

27. C

33. C

39. B

45. A

51. B

57. B

4. D

10. B

16. A

22. C

28. B

34. B

40. C

46. B

52. B

5. C

11. B

17. C

23. A

29. A

35. B

41. D

47. A

53. B

6. C

12. B

18. B

24. D

30. C

36. C

42. D

48. D

54. C

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