Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
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Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
Engineer's Handbook
Index of Tables
Reference Tables
Manufacturing
Rapid Prototyping
Materials
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Manufacturing Methods
Fasteners
Engineering Materials
Engineering Software
Equations - Units - Constants
Reference Books
Mechanical Components
Site Index
Reference Tables -- Fluid Power Formulas -Back to References Homepage
Hose pumps & Pinch valves for abrasive and aggressive conditions in various industries www.flowrox.com
Basic Fluid Power Formulas / Hydraulics / Pneumatics Variable Fluid Pressure - P
1 of 4
Word Formula w/ Units (PSI) = Force (Pounds) / Area ( Sq. In.)
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
Simplified Formula P = F/A
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
Hydraulic Flow Meter Hydraulic system check and control, cylinder movement measurement... www.awgearmeters…
Microfluidic manipulation
Droplet generation, magnetic beads, Cell perfusion, flow control... www.fluigent.com
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Fluid Flow Rate - Q
GPM= Flow (Gallons) / Unit Time (Minutes)
Q= V/ T
Fluid Power in Horsepower HP
Horsepower = Pressure (PSIG) × Flow (GPM)/ 1714
HP = PQ / 1714
Actuator Formulas Variable
Word Formula w/ Units
Simplified Formula
( Sq. In.) = π × Radius (inch)2
A = π × R2
(Sq. In.) = π × Diameter (inch)2 / 4
A = π × D2 / 4
Cylinder Force - F
(Pounds) = Pressure (psi) × Area (sq. in.)
F = P×A
Cylinder Speed - v
(Feet / sec.) = (231 × Flow Rate (gpm)) / (12 v = (0.3208 × gpm) / A × 60 × Area)
Cylinder Volume Capacity V
Volume = π × Radius2 × Stroke (In.) / 231
Cylinder Area - A
V = π × R2 × L / 231 (L = length of stroke)
Pressure measurement
Long-term stable & robust sensors process & differential pressure
Cylinder Flow Rate - Q
Volume = 12 × 60 × Velocity (Ft./Sec.) × Net Area(In.)2 / 231
Fluid Motor Torque - T
Torque (in. lbs.) = Pressure (psi) × disp. (in.3 T = P × d / 6.2822 / rev.) / 6.2822 Torque = HP × 63025 / RPM
T = HP × 63025 / n
Torque = Flow Rate (GPM) × Pressure × 36.77 / RPM
T = 36.77 × Q × P / n
Fluid Motor Speed - n
Speed (RPM) = (231 × GPM) / Disp. (in.)3
n = (231 × GPM) / d
Fluid Motor Horsepower HP
HP = Torque (in. lbs.) × rpm / 63025
HP = T × n / 63025
www.vega.com
Air flow measuring sensor
integrated and standalone solution in compressed air pipeline systems
Pump Formulas
www.cs-instruments…
Variable
2 of 4
Q = 3.11688 × v × A
Word Formula w/ Units
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
Simplified Formula
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Pump Output Flow - GPM
GPM = (Speed (rpm) × disp. (cu. in.)) / 231
GPM = (n ×d) / 231
Pump Input Horsepower HP
HP = GPM × Pressure (psi) / 1714 × Efficiency
HP = (Q ×P) / 1714 × E
Pump Efficiency - E
Overall Efficiency = Output HP / Input HP
EOverall = HPOut / HPIn X 100
Overall Efficiency = Volumetric Eff. × Mechanical Eff.
EOverall = EffVol. × EffMech.
Pump Volumetric Efficiency -E
Volumetric Efficiency = Actual Flow Rate Output (GPM) / Theoretical Flow Rate Output (GPM) × 100
EffVol. = QAct. / QTheo. X 100
Pump Mechanical Efficiency -E
Mechanical Efficiency = Theoretical Torque to Drive / Actual Torque to Drive × 100
EffMech = TTheo. / TAct. × 100
Pump Displacement - CIPR
Displacement (In.3 / rev.) = Flow Rate (GPM) × 231 / Pump RPM
CIPR = GPM × 231 / RPM
Pump Torque - T
Torque = Horsepower × 63025 / RPM
T = 63025 × HP / RPM
Torque = Pressure (PSIG) × Pump Displacement (CIPR) / 2π
T = P × CIPR / 6.28
General Fluid Power Guidelines: Horsepower for driving a pump: For every 1 hp of drive, the equivalent of 1 gpm @ 1500 psi can be produced.
Horsepower for idling a pump: To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of it's full rated power
Wattage for heating hydraulic oil:
3 of 4
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Each watt will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 1° F. per hour.
Flow velocity in hydraulic lines: Pump suction lines 2 to 4 feet per second, pressure lines up to 500 psi - 10 to 15 ft./sec., pressure lines 500 to 3000 psi - 15 to 20 ft./sec.; all oil lines in air-over-oil systems; 4 ft./sec.
Top of Page
Copyright © 2004 - 2006 -- EngineersHandbook.com All Rights Reserved - Contact Information Privacy Policy Disclaimer
4 of 4
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Engineer's Handbook
Index of Tables
Reference Tables
Manufacturing
Rapid Prototyping
Materials
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Manufacturing Methods
Fasteners
Engineering Materials
Engineering Software
Equations - Units - Constants
Reference Books
Mechanical Components
Site Index
Reference Tables -- Fluid Power Formulas -Back to References Homepage
Hose pumps & Pinch valves for abrasive and aggressive conditions in various industries www.flowrox.com
Basic Fluid Power Formulas / Hydraulics / Pneumatics Variable Fluid Pressure - P
1 of 4
Word Formula w/ Units (PSI) = Force (Pounds) / Area ( Sq. In.)
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
Simplified Formula P = F/A
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
Hydraulic Flow Meter Hydraulic system check and control, cylinder movement measurement... www.awgearmeters…
Microfluidic manipulation
Droplet generation, magnetic beads, Cell perfusion, flow control... www.fluigent.com
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Fluid Flow Rate - Q
GPM= Flow (Gallons) / Unit Time (Minutes)
Q= V/ T
Fluid Power in Horsepower HP
Horsepower = Pressure (PSIG) × Flow (GPM)/ 1714
HP = PQ / 1714
Actuator Formulas Variable
Word Formula w/ Units
Simplified Formula
( Sq. In.) = π × Radius (inch)2
A = π × R2
(Sq. In.) = π × Diameter (inch)2 / 4
A = π × D2 / 4
Cylinder Force - F
(Pounds) = Pressure (psi) × Area (sq. in.)
F = P×A
Cylinder Speed - v
(Feet / sec.) = (231 × Flow Rate (gpm)) / (12 v = (0.3208 × gpm) / A × 60 × Area)
Cylinder Volume Capacity V
Volume = π × Radius2 × Stroke (In.) / 231
Cylinder Area - A
V = π × R2 × L / 231 (L = length of stroke)
Pressure measurement
Long-term stable & robust sensors process & differential pressure
Cylinder Flow Rate - Q
Volume = 12 × 60 × Velocity (Ft./Sec.) × Net Area(In.)2 / 231
Fluid Motor Torque - T
Torque (in. lbs.) = Pressure (psi) × disp. (in.3 T = P × d / 6.2822 / rev.) / 6.2822 Torque = HP × 63025 / RPM
T = HP × 63025 / n
Torque = Flow Rate (GPM) × Pressure × 36.77 / RPM
T = 36.77 × Q × P / n
Fluid Motor Speed - n
Speed (RPM) = (231 × GPM) / Disp. (in.)3
n = (231 × GPM) / d
Fluid Motor Horsepower HP
HP = Torque (in. lbs.) × rpm / 63025
HP = T × n / 63025
www.vega.com
Air flow measuring sensor
integrated and standalone solution in compressed air pipeline systems
Pump Formulas
www.cs-instruments…
Variable
2 of 4
Q = 3.11688 × v × A
Word Formula w/ Units
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
Simplified Formula
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Pump Output Flow - GPM
GPM = (Speed (rpm) × disp. (cu. in.)) / 231
GPM = (n ×d) / 231
Pump Input Horsepower HP
HP = GPM × Pressure (psi) / 1714 × Efficiency
HP = (Q ×P) / 1714 × E
Pump Efficiency - E
Overall Efficiency = Output HP / Input HP
EOverall = HPOut / HPIn X 100
Overall Efficiency = Volumetric Eff. × Mechanical Eff.
EOverall = EffVol. × EffMech.
Pump Volumetric Efficiency -E
Volumetric Efficiency = Actual Flow Rate Output (GPM) / Theoretical Flow Rate Output (GPM) × 100
EffVol. = QAct. / QTheo. X 100
Pump Mechanical Efficiency -E
Mechanical Efficiency = Theoretical Torque to Drive / Actual Torque to Drive × 100
EffMech = TTheo. / TAct. × 100
Pump Displacement - CIPR
Displacement (In.3 / rev.) = Flow Rate (GPM) × 231 / Pump RPM
CIPR = GPM × 231 / RPM
Pump Torque - T
Torque = Horsepower × 63025 / RPM
T = 63025 × HP / RPM
Torque = Pressure (PSIG) × Pump Displacement (CIPR) / 2π
T = P × CIPR / 6.28
General Fluid Power Guidelines: Horsepower for driving a pump: For every 1 hp of drive, the equivalent of 1 gpm @ 1500 psi can be produced.
Horsepower for idling a pump: To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about 5% of it's full rated power
Wattage for heating hydraulic oil:
3 of 4
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
Fluid Power Formulas, Hydraulics - Engineer's Handbook
http://www.engineershandbook.com/Tables/fluidpowerformulas.htm
Each watt will raise the temperature of 1 gallon of oil by 1° F. per hour.
Flow velocity in hydraulic lines: Pump suction lines 2 to 4 feet per second, pressure lines up to 500 psi - 10 to 15 ft./sec., pressure lines 500 to 3000 psi - 15 to 20 ft./sec.; all oil lines in air-over-oil systems; 4 ft./sec.
Top of Page
Copyright © 2004 - 2006 -- EngineersHandbook.com All Rights Reserved - Contact Information Privacy Policy Disclaimer
4 of 4
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
7/29/2012 3:43 PM
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