Fluor": Specification - Two-way Radio Systems

FLUOR" WEST QURNAI

ISSUED FOR APPROVAL (IFA)

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

ISSUED AS-BUILT (IAB)

WEST QURNA I 04-Apr-2011 ISSUED FOR 05-Apr-2011 BID (IFB) 06-Apr-2011 07-Apr-2011 ISSUED FOR ISSUED FOR 08-Apr-2011 FEED (IFF) FABRICATION (IFFAB) 11-Apr-2011 12-Apr-2011 00 - COMMON OVERALL - ALL AERAS 13-Apr-2011 ISSUED FOR ISSUED FOR 14-Apr-2011 INFORMATION (IFI) DESIGN (IFD) 15-Apr-2011 18-Apr-2011 19-Apr-2011 IQWQ-FTISSUED -TSPDS-OO-310701 ISSUED FOR FOR 20-Apr-2011 PROCUREMENT (IFP) HAZOP (IFH) (Based upon ExxonMobil GP 31-07-01, Version 1.0.0, dated January 2008) 21-Apr-2011 22-Apr-2011 25-Apr-2011 ISSUED FOR ISSUED FOR 26-Apr-2011 PURCHASE (IFPUR) USE (IFU) 27-Apr-2011 28-Apr-2011 29-Apr-2011 ISSUED FOR REVIEW ISSUED FOR 02-May-2011 VOID (IFV) AND COMMENT (IFR) By Rev Date Description Lead Mgr Client 03-May-2011 04-May-2011 RE-ISSUED FOR USE. REPLACED 1 21-Apr-2011 05-May-2011 IQWQ-FTH-TSPDS-00-31 0701 \, 06-May-2011 09-May-2011 10-May-2011 11-May-2011 12-May-2011 13-May-2011 16-May-2011 17-May-2011 18-May-2011 19-May-2011 IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-31 0701 20-May-2011 21-Apr-2011, Rev. 1 Page 1 of 21 23-May-2011 24-May-2011 ISSUED FOR CONSTRUCTION (IFC)

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

AREAS

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WEST QURNA I

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 FACILITY OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................3 1.2 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................3 2.0 REQUIRED REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 PROJECT REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................5 2.2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................................................5 2.3 STANDARDS .............................................................................................................................5 2.4 IEC:- INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ............................................6 2.5 ITU-R:- INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION UNION – RADIO COMMUNICATION SECTOR ....................................................................................................................................6 2.6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................6 2.7 RELEVANT DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................7 2.8 IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................8 2.9 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................................8 2.10 POWER SOURCE .....................................................................................................................9 2.11 BACKUP POWER SOURCE .....................................................................................................9 3.0 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 10 3.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................10 3.2 COVERAGE STUDY ...............................................................................................................10 3.3 SITE SURVEY..........................................................................................................................11 3.4 INTERFERENCE / INTERMODULATION STUDY..................................................................11 3.5 TOWER LOADING STUDY .....................................................................................................12 3.6 LIGHTNING PROTECTION .....................................................................................................12 4.0 FACILITY TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS DESIGN ......................................................................... 13 4.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................13 4.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITY TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS ........................................13 4.3 FACILITY TWO-WAY TRUNKED RADIO SYSTEMS ............................................................13 4.4 CHANNEL LOADING FOR TRUNKED SYSTEMS ................................................................13 4.5 FREQUENCY ALLOCATION, OPERATING LICENSES, & OPERATING PARAMETERS ..14 4.6 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................14 4.7 BROWNFIELD SITES—SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS .....................14 4.8 MULTIPLE SITE SYSTEMS AND COMPATIBILITY ..............................................................15 4.9 SYSTEM SOFTWARE .............................................................................................................15 5.0 DESIGN PRACTICES FOR AVIATION RADIOS ............................................................................ 16 5.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................16 5.2 TYPES OF AVIATION RADIOS ..............................................................................................16 5.3 CHANNEL SELECTION FOR AVIATION RADIOS ................................................................16 5.4 CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND OPERATING LICENSES.....................................................16 5.5 OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................16 6.0 ACCEPTANCE TESTS .................................................................................................................... 17 6.1 FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TESTING (FAT) ...........................................................................17 6.2 SITE ACCEPTANCE TESTING (SAT) ....................................................................................17 6.3 WARRANTY ............................................................................................................................17 7.0 DOCUMENTATION AND DRAWINGS ............................................................................................ 18 8.0 SUPPORTING EQUIPMENTS ......................................................................................................... 19 8.1 TEST EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................................................19 8.2 SPARES...................................................................................................................................19 9.0 SAFETY AND SECURITY ................................................................................................................ 20 9.1 PERSONNEL SAFETY............................................................................................................20 9.2 SITE SECURITY ......................................................................................................................20 ATTACHMENT: PURPOSE CODE DEFINITIONS................................................................................... 21 1.0

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INTRODUCTION [I] This document specifies the basic requirements, standards, specification, design, and installation of two-way radio systems used for operational-type communications for the Iraq West Qurna I Project. This specification also includes requirements for aviation radio systems. [I] Two-Way Radio Systems covers the following: 

Ultra high frequency (UHF) modes of operation



Aeronautical



Outdoor transmission equipment and antennas



Indoor equipment

This specification is based upon ExxonMobil GP 31-07-01, Version 1.0.0, dated January 2008. 1.1

FACILITY OVERVIEW West Qurna I is a producing oil field located about 50 km northwest of Basra, Iraq. ExxonMobil Iraq Limited (EMIL) has been selected by the Ministry of Oil (MoO) to work in a joint venture with South Oil Company (SOC) to rehabilitate and expand oil production in the field. The work will be conducted in phases. The first phase is the Early Works Project (EWP), and the second phase is the Enhanced Redevelopment Project (ERP). The EWP is comprised of the following work scopes; rehabilitation of the existing facilities, restoration of nameplate oil production capacity, and initiation of water injection for reservoir pressure support.

1.2

SCOPE a) UHF Digital Trunked Radio (DTR) System Contractor shall design, procure, and install a Motorola Digital Trunked Radio (DTR) System for the Iraq West Qurna I project. The radio users shall be able to establish encrypted two way conversations with other radio users at any project locations. The DTR system shall consists of handheld radios, mobile radios, repeaters, antenna subsystem, and radio accessories that delivers integrated voice and data communication. The DTR system shall share voice and data communication on the same system, be expandable to multiple sites and up to a capacity of 7500 users. In addition, the on site IP network shall provide the connectivity to connect multiple radio repeater locations. The DTR system sizing and channel requirements shall be determined during detailed design. The Digital Trunked Radio System shall operate on the frequencies assigned by the Republic of Iraq Ministry of Communications and cleared by the US Military for use in country. All radio voice and data transmissions shall be encrypted to provide maximum security for radio system users. Contractor shall complete a coverage analysis and provide the analysis to Company. Contractor shall interface the DTR system with the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone system to allow communication between a VoIP telephone user and a handheld radio user. Contractor shall be responsible for all radio installation, programming, commissioning and maintenance. The technicians doing this work should be licensed radio technicians certified to work on the DTR equipment in Iraq.

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Contractor shall procure, supply, assemble, install, test and commission the Digital Trunked Radio System hardware and software. Contractor shall install all required cabling and grounding between the antenna system and the indoor repeater system. b) Aeronautical Radio System An Aeronautical Radio System will be used for radio communications with helicopters (aeronautical frequencies). The system shall be encrypted and consist of handheld portables with hands-free ear/microphones, base stations, and an antenna system. The system may require a remote console (tied in to the base station) depending on the number of locations at the facility that require access or monitoring of the aeronautical radio system. The system will also have recording capabilities. The antennas shall be of an omni-directional high gain ruggedized type suitable for extreme heat conditions. Aeronautical Radio system design shall be approved by COMPANY before ordering equipment. The Aeronautical Radio System shall be able to communicate to helicopters flying at 152 m above ground level at a distance of at least 80 Km. The exact heights and locations of antennas shall be designed by Contractor during detailed design phase to ensure maximum coverage. Contractor shall be responsible for all radio installation, programming and maintenance with qualified licensed radio technicians certified to work on Aeronautical Radio equipment in Iraq.

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WEST QURNA I 2.0

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

REQUIRED REFERENCES This section lists the codes, standards, and specifications that shall be used with this document. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest edition.

2.1

2.2

PROJECT REFERENCE DOCUMENTS IQWQ-FT-BSPDS-00-010103

Specification For Drafting Standards

IQWQ-EI-BSPDS-00-120101

Numbering System for Project Technical Documents

IQWQ-EMD-BSPDS-00-120102

Identification of Equipment, Components and Devices, Lines, and Valves

IQWQ-FT-ESPDS-00-160101

Area Classification and Related Flammable liquids, Gases or Vapors

IQWQ-FT-ESPDS-00-160801

Instrument and Essential Services Power Supplies

IQWQ-FT-ISPDS-00-150602

Specification for Environmental Protection for Instrumentation

IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310103

RF Cabling

IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310201

Computing and Telecommunications Rooms

IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310303

Radiation Hazard Assessment and Control for Telecommunication Systems

IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310702

Communications Tower

IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-0002

Grounding Requirements for Telecommunication System

Electrical

Design

for

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS This section lists the additional codes, standards, and specifications that shall be used with this document only where specified. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest edition.

2.3

STANDARDS Equipment shall be selected and systems engineered to conform to internationally accepted specifications and standards, Project standard design codes, and Company requirements. The International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), in conjunction with applicable Iraq regulations shall form the prime source for Project conformance. [I] Where no applicable local or international standard applies, standards and recommendations from the following associations and agencies shall form basis for design and equipment selection as far as they do not conflict with local or international regulations: 

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)



Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)



European Union/Commission (EU/EC)



Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)



National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)



National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)



Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Where no relevant local or international standards and codes are specified, the corresponding standard of good engineering practice shall be applied. 2.4

IEC:- INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION DOCUMENT NO.

2.5

2.6

DESCRIPTION

IEC 60079-1

Explosive Atmospheres, Part 1 – Equipment Protection by Flameproof Enclosures “d”

IEC 60079-7

Explosive Atmospheres, Part 7 – Equipment Protection by Increased Safety “e”

IEC 60529

Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)

ITU-R:- INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION UNION – RADIO COMMUNICATION SECTOR DOCUMENT NO.

DESCRIPTION

F.339

Bandwidths, signal-to-noise ratios and fading allowances in complete systems

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION

DESCRIPTION

BDA

Bi-Directional Amplifiers

EMIL

ExxonMobil Iraq Limited

ERP

Enhanced Redevelopment Project

EWP

Early Works Project

dB

Decibel

DTR

Digital Trunked Radio

FAT

Factory Acceptance Test

FEED

Front End Engineering & Design

GHz

Gigahertz

IP

Ingress Protection

HF

High Frequency

kHz

Kilohertz

MHz

Megahertz

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failure

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2.7

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer

OSHA

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

VoIP

Voice of Internet Protocol

RF

Radio Frequency

SAT

Site Acceptance Test

SOC

South Oil Company

UHF

Ultra High Frequency

UPS

Uninterruptable Power Supply

VHF

Very High Frequency

RELEVANT DEFINITIONS TERM

DESCRIPTION

Bandwidth

Measure of frequency range measured in Hertz. Sometimes referred to as channel bandwidth or frequency bandwidth.

Brownfield Site

A site which has existing Company-producing operations.

Facility Two-Way Radio System

A radio system used in the oil and gas industry on platforms, plants, pipelines, and refineries for the day-to-day operational and maintenance activities of the facility.

Fade Margin

The amount of signal above the minimum needed to establish a reliable wireless link. The more signal, the more reliable the link will be because the effects of fading will be overcome. Fade margin can be calculated during wireless system design, and it can actually be measured during system testing.

Full Duplex

Transmits on one frequency and receives on a different frequency.

Intermodulation

The result of two or more radio signals of different frequencies being mixed together, forming additional signals at frequencies that are not at harmonic frequencies (integer multiples of carrier frequency)..

Operator

Company responsible for operating and maintaining the radio equipment.

Polarization

The orientation relative to the earth of a wireless signal as it leaves a transmitting antenna. Polarization may be vertical, horizontal, linear or circular. In radio communications, polarization is generally either vertical or horizontal with vertical being the common polarization.

Radio Frequency

Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in which electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna.

Receiver

The minimum signal level needed for a receiver to begin to successfully

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TERM

2.8

DESCRIPTION

Threshold

detect and decode an incoming signal

Trunked Radio System

Radio system employing technology that provides the ability to search two or more available channels and automatically assigns a user an open channel.

UHF Band

Ultra-high frequency range from 300 to 3000 Mhz

VHF Band

Very-high frequency range from 30 to 300 Mhz

IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS All project technical documents to be used on this projects, which include the Front End Engineering Design (FEED), detailed engineering, design/procurement/construction, Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), Vendor, and Sub-vendor documentation, must comply with project specification No. IQWQ-EI-BSPDS-00-120101 – “Upstream Numbering System for Project Technical Documents”. All equipment and components must be identified as per project specification No. IQWQ-EMDBSPDS-00-120102 – “Identification of Equipment, Components and Devices, Lines, and Valves”, which describes the system for identification of all mechanical and electrical equipment (Primary and Auxiliary), components, devices, support equipment to be used on facilities and plants in this project. This identification system will be used on Vendor Detailed drawings, Equipment Layout (General Arrangement) drawings, specifications, technical Data Sheets, Purchase Requisitions, Equipment Identification Labels, and associated lists.

2.9

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS The cables shall operate and meet without any degradation all of the functional requirements under the following environmental conditions: 

Indoor Environment Operating/Installation Temperature:



o 0 C

to

o + 45 C.

-5o C

to

+ 55o C

Outdoor Environment Operating/Installation Temperature:

All equipment for outdoor use shall be at the minimum suitable for use in Zone 2, Group IIA hazardous areas and bare the appropriate markings. All equipment for outdoor use shall have ingress protection in addition to the proper hazardous area rating per area classification requirements of project specification No. IQWQ-FT-ESPDS-00-160101 – “Area Classification and Related Electrical Design for Flammable liquids, Gases or Vapors”; and specification No. IQWQFT-ISPDS-00-150602 – “Specification for Environmental Protection for Instrumentation”. a) One of the folllowing electrical pretection methods shall at a minimum be used to meet the required electrical area clafficiations: 

IEC 60079-1 (Flame Proof Enclosures, Exd)



IEC 60079-7 (increased Safety, Exe)

b) IP66 ingress protection per IEC 60529 shall be provided as a minimum.

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c) Testing standards for instruments shall meet IEC testing requirementns with IEC marking and approval certificate. 2.10

POWER SOURCE The power source is 230 VAC, 50 Hz, single phase

2.11

BACKUP POWER SOURCE An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) shall be provided for all radio systems. The UPS design and implementation shall comply with project specification No. IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-00-160801 – “Instrument and Essential Services Power Supplies”.

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3.0

GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

3.1

PURPOSE [I] The purpose of this section is to provide general practices for the design of radio systems, including facility two-way radio systems, and aviation radio systems. The information in the following sections, Coverage Study, Site Survey, Interference/ Intermodulation Study, Tower Loading Study, Lightening Protection, Safety, and Site Security, apply to all two-way radio systems. This document will be limited to two-way radio systems that operate in the VHF and UHF radio frequency bands.

3.2

COVERAGE STUDY A coverage study must be included in the initial design of all radio systems. The study will aid in the selection of the equipment, the transmitter location, antenna height, and the type of radio system. The following information will be necessary to complete the coverage study: 

Elevation of the site



Geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude)



Antenna height



Antenna gain



Required coverage area



Transmission line length and loss



Frequency



Polarization



Transmitter power



Receiver threshold



Local terrain (for land based systems)



Average annual temperature

[O] The coverage study deliverables should include a map depicting the coverage area in distance from the transmitter antenna(s). The terrain data for the areas should also be factored into the study. [O] Radio coverage shall be required inside buildings. The coverage study must also include these areas. Signal penetration inside buildings and/or platform modules from an outside antenna is typically insufficient. The radio system may include provisions such as leaky feeder, inside antennas, passive antennas or active Bi-Directional Amplifiers (BDA) to include coverage in these areas. Generally, passive antennas systems will only provide suitable functionality when the external antenna is located in close proximity of the primary transmitter. Therefore, BDA systems will be required in most cases. Calculations must be done to document the expected radio signal levels inside buildings and modules. [O] Calculations must also factor in a fade margin. Fade margins for systems in the VHF or UHF bands shall be 10dB or greater throughout the coverage area.

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SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

SITE SURVEY A site survey must be done to determine the conditions that exist at a particular location for the proposed installation of a radio system. For new and/or existing sites, perform the following tasks for the site survey:

3.4



Survey existing towers and building structures for equipment suitability.



Obtain antenna loading data of the tower.



Obtain existing tower heights.



Determine cable tray and equipment room capacity.



Survey cable entry points for buildings.



Determine the type of tower and the mount requirements.



Determine the condition of the equipment rooms.



Determine the condition of the tower and the equipment room's protective ground system.



Obtain tower and building latitude, longitude, and elevation for antenna location.



Determine distances from indoor equipment to the tower.



Obtain a list of near by radio systems and their operation frequencies.



Survey available power (AC, 230V, 50Hz, UPS).



Determine VoIP interface type if required for radio-telephone interconnection.



Obtain average temperature data, terrain data, foliage conditions, and soil conditions.



Conduct a handheld radio test onsite to test for signal penetration within buildings and/or facilities.

INTERFERENCE / INTERMODULATION STUDY Both interference and intermodulation distortion are impediments to radio systems that can cause poor or intermittent communications. In some cases, the impact is so severe that radio systems are unusable until the interfering signal can be identified, eliminated or mitigated sufficiently to allow communications to continue. Depending on the frequency of operation and location of the radio system, an Interference/ Intermodulation study may or may not be required. Radio systems operating in the higher frequency spectrums (> 2 GHz) using directional antennas typically do not require intermodulation studies, but require interference studies. In developed countries where frequency management is enforced, interference analysis is usually performed via computer modeling techniques utilizing databases of all existing systems and frequencies that have been assigned in an area that could potentially cause problems. If operating in a region where frequency coordination is questionable, a field study using a spectrum analyzer should be performed as a preventive measure to identify any potential signals that could cause interference problems. Note that when performing field tests, interfering signals are not always constant carriers so monitoring should be over an extended period. Urban areas and areas where many transmitters are operating represent environments that tend to be prone to intermodulation or intermod distortion. Intermodulation is the result of two or more signals of different frequencies being mixed together, forming additional signals at frequencies that are not, in general, at harmonics frequencies (integer multiples) of either. The resulting product of intermodulation and intermod distortion could result in an on carrier (or near

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carrier) frequency that could desensitize a receiver and cause harmful interference to radio system receivers. Lower frequencies in the VHF, and UHF spectrum tend to be more prone to intermodulation than higher frequencies due to the larger transmitter power outputs that these systems typically generate and these systems transmit RF energy in all directions (Omni-directional). In locations where many transmitters are in use, an intermodulation study should be performed. The Interference or Intermodulation study could be in the form of paper and/or software analysis using information from the site survey. These studies in combination with a field study that monitors the RF spectrum using a spectrum analyzer can be helpful in determining harmful radio signals. It must be noted that equipment operating from the HF to high UHF spectrum are likely not to be constant carrier signals and that potential harmful signals may not be present during the monitoring period. Also, intermodulation computer modeling will only produce information output from the data that is input. If all potential interfering frequencies are not input into the study, then the output data will not yield useful information. The interference/intermodulation studies and post installation testing should encompass the following:

3.5



Run projections of possible interference cases using existing nearby systems or other systems.



Perform an intermodulation study for all radio systems at that location or locations within the immediate vicinity.



Intermodulation studies that produce intermodulation products of the first, second or third order should be brought to the attention of the projects telecom representative for discussion of mitigating solutions. (Filters, antenna selection, re-locating antennas, etc.)



Test for interference on each receive antenna after installation by viewing the desired receive signal on a spectrum analyzer and any other frequencies that may be near the desired receive signal.

TOWER LOADING STUDY [O] Since towers are designed with specific static and wind loads in mind, a study must be done to determine its current and future capabilities of supporting additional antennas. Refer to project specifications No. IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310702 – “Communication Tower”, for details on the tower loading study.

3.6

LIGHTNING PROTECTION [R] Antenna inputs into active system components shall be protected with in-line lightning protection. In addition, the tower lightning protection shall be verified as adequate before the installation of the antenna. Refer to project specifications No. IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310702 – “Communication Tower”, as appropriate. Radio frequency (RF) cables shall have ground kits installed before they enter any structures that house the equipment. Refer to project specifications No. IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310103 – “RF Cabling” as appropriate.

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4.0

FACILITY TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS DESIGN

4.1

PURPOSE [I] The purpose of this section is to provide a general practice for the design of two-way radio systems used in the oil and gas industry on plants, pipelines, and refineries for the day-to-day operational and maintenance activities of the facility. For the purposes of this document, this type of radio system will be referred to as “facility two-way radio system.” This document will be limited to facility two-way radio systems that operate in the VHF and UHF radio frequency bands.

4.2

REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITY TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS Determining site operational requirements is the most important factor for the selection and the design of a facility two-way radio system. A facility two-way radio system is generally required at most Company production facilities. Company must be consulted when determining the number of radio users, required coverage, type of communications, number of channels, and Operator locations for the system. Company input will also be required when determining any radio communication requirements to other facilities or platforms. A good understanding of the overall operation of the platform or facility will be required to determine the system requirements and coverage boundaries. Much of the decision-making process in the design of facility two-way radio systems may be restricted to local regulatory bodies that regulate, enforce, and license the spectrum within a given region or country. Discussions with the appropriate regulatory bodies must begin early in the process when designing a radio system. These discussions are typically conducted by the operator of the radio system.

4.3

FACILITY TWO-WAY TRUNKED RADIO SYSTEMS A trunked radio system is a system employing technology that provides the ability to search two or more available channels and automatically assigns a user an open channel. [I The system is typically comprised of radio repeaters, radio base stations, handheld radios, and vehicular mobile radios. The trunked radio systems offer a more efficient use of the frequencies, and have more built-in features. Security considerations where control of radios and encryption of radio traffic may be required may dictate the use of a Trunked radio system as these systems offer additional programmable security procedures and a means to control radio hardware.

4.4

CHANNEL LOADING FOR TRUNKED SYSTEMS Channel loading is dependent upon a traffic analysis and host country regulations. Considerations include, but are not limited to, number of users, number of groups, frequency of use, the operational environment, and the minimum loading requirements of the regulatory authority. General guidelines are provided below. [O] Channels for a trunked system shall be designed for full duplex operation. Channel loading for a trunked system typically should not exceed 70 users per channel. Typically, one channel is reserved for a trunked system control channel. For a site of 210 users, a trunked system with

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four channels shall be used as a minimum (one control channel and three user channels). However, channel loading design should always be based on the operating environment and local regulatory requirements with input from the operating organization. [O] It should be noted in critical applications where it is essential to always maintain communications, fewer users per channel should be considered when sizing a system. Historical company experience indicates the system will be fully loaded during emergency conditions and this is the time when it is essential to have sufficient channels available. 4.5

FREQUENCY ALLOCATION, OPERATING LICENSES, & OPERATING PARAMETERS Request for frequency allocation or frequency coordination to local regulatory authorities will be required. Frequencies in the UHF band are the most common for facility two-way radio systems. Maximum output power and antenna height limitations will also need to be determined based on requirements and local regulations. Radio equipment may also be subject to equipment authorization regulations by local regulatory authorities. Radio equipment must be evaluated to determine if it is authorized for use in a particular country. The selection of any radio equipment should be limited to equipment already authorized in the country of use. The processes for frequency allocation, channel bandwidth allocation, the determination of local regulations, and the determination of equipment authorizations must be completed before any equipment is procured for the facility two-way radio system. The Operator of the system shall be responsible for applying for the license to operate the radio station and will be legally responsible for maintaining the license parameters of the system.

4.6

OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS [R] The facility radio system shall be designed for a 15-year life cycle. In order to meet this standard, the radio equipment must be rated for "continuous-duty" operation, and be manufactured for commercial use. High-quality system components and materials must be used to meet this 15-year life cycle standard. Include the mean time before failure (MTBF) equipment ratings in the decision for the selection of the equipment. Equipment ratings for temperature and humidity must also be well within the environmental conditions at the site. Any equipment rated for light-duty applications must not be considered.

4.7

BROWNFIELD SITES—SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS For Brownfield sites, expansion of an existing facility radio system must be considered. The existing system must be evaluated to determine if it can be expanded to meet the needs of the Company for the new facility. Local support and maintenance will generally already be established at Brownfield sites. [M] The equipment selection must also take into account the ability for local maintenance support. Equipment must be supportable in the country where it will be used. Check the availability of local suppliers, integrators, and/or Company Affiliate support. Check with the Manufacturer for authorized dealers in the country of use.

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SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

MULTIPLE SITE SYSTEMS AND COMPATIBILITY [R] For multiple site facility radio systems, each radio subsystem shall consist of equipment of the same Manufacturer to limit compatibility problems. The equipment must be evaluated to ensure compatible interfaces to network equipment. Third-party interface converters are to be minimized in the system design.

4.9

SYSTEM SOFTWARE [M] Radio system programming software, programming cables, and kits shall be compatible with Windows based operating systems. These tools should be procured with the system.

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SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

5.0

DESIGN PRACTICES FOR AVIATION RADIOS

5.1

PURPOSE The purpose of this section is to provide a general design for aviation radios used to coordinate Company aviation activities. Company Aviation Group must be consulted early in the design process. Company must approve the aviation radio requirements. The use and purpose of aviation radios is strictly prescribed by international and local regulations. Company-controlled or Company-owned shore-base facilities that are set up to support Company-helicopter or fixed-wing operations shall generally contain a minimum of one VHF aviation transceiver. The control and operation of the radios shall be limited to the person(s) coordinating aviation activities.

5.2

TYPES OF AVIATION RADIOS [I] Two types of aviation radios are commonly used: VHF Band and HF Band. Both VHF and HF aviation radios have deployed at Company Upstream offshore locations, and at shore bases that support the offshore sites. VHF aviation radio coverage depends on the height of the antenna above ground level. Typical maximum coverage for these systems ranges from 64.4 km to 96.6 km with the helicopter flying at 152.4 m above ground level. HF radios are used for long-distance aviation radio communications.

5.3

CHANNEL SELECTION FOR AVIATION RADIOS VHF aviation and HF aviation radio channels are strictly assigned by local regulatory authorities. Regulatory authorities must assign the particular operating channel(s) for the radio. Severe penalties may result in the operation of the radio on channels not approved by local regulatory authorities.

5.4

CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND OPERATING LICENSES Request for working channel allocation for shore-base and/or fixed facilities with local regulatory authorities will be required. The request is typically conducted by Operator of the radio system. Maximum output power and antenna height limitations will also need to be determined based on requirements and local regulations. Radio equipment may also be subject to equipment authorization regulations by local regulatory authorities. Radio equipment must be evaluated to determine if it is authorized for use in a particular country. The selection of any radio equipment should be limited to equipment already authorized in the country of use. Operator of the radios shall also be responsible for applying for the license to operate the radios and will be legally responsible for maintaining the license parameters of the system.

5.5

OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS [R] The aviation radio equipment shall be designed for a 10-year life cycle. In order to realistically meet this standard, the radio equipment must be rated for "continuous-duty" operation and must be manufactured for commercial use. Include the mean time before failure (MTBF) equipment ratings in the decision for the selection of the equipment. Equipment ratings for temperature and humidity must also be well within the environmental conditions at the site. Any equipment rated for light-duty applications must not be considered.

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6.0

ACCEPTANCE TESTS

6.1

FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TESTING (FAT) [O] Factory testing, if required, is normally conducted at the manufacturer facility and just prior to shipping. Company reserves the right to witness the equipment test or to select a third party to witness the test in their behalf. [A] A FAT procedure shall be developed that identifies specific performance parameters and interfaces to be checked. The FAT procedure shall be submitted to Company for approval, 8 weeks prior to scheduling and execution of the FAT. Upon failure of any FAT procedure, Company reserves the right to terminate the FAT and reschedule. [A] A FAT report shall be submitted to Company for approval and a record of the FAT should be kept for handover documentation.

6.2

SITE ACCEPTANCE TESTING (SAT) [O] The complete system delivery includes the integration of end user equipment, if any, with the delivered radio system. Contractor will test and rectify any interface issues. [O] Site acceptance testing (SAT) will take place after all equipment is installed and interfaced with Company end-user equipment. The following are guidelines to follow when planning and performing SAT:

6.3



[A] Vendor will ensure final installation complies with Manufacturer's recommended design and warranty is in place.



A SAT procedure will be developed that identifies specific performance parameters and interfaces to be checked. The SAT procedure shall be submitted to Company for approval, 8 weeks prior to scheduling and execution of the SAT.



[A] A SAT report shall be submitted to Company for approval.

WARRANTY Warranty should be considered when selecting vendors and manufacturers. requirements may be dependent on the size and location of the project.

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7.0

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

DOCUMENTATION AND DRAWINGS [M] Drawings and documentation are critical to maintaining and operating equipment. Depending on project requirements, electronic format AutoCAD files should be provided that will allow for updates without have to re-create the drawings. Refer to project specification No. - IQWQ-FTBSPDS-00-010103 – “Specification For Drafting Standards”; for additional requirements on project documentation. The following information is the minimum requirement to be provided in project documents 

General equipment arrangement



System block diagram(s)



System termination details



Equipment layout



Installation details



Cable routing



All engineering calculations



Site layout



Wiring diagrams/schematic



Cable schedule



Plot plan



Commissioning / Pre-commissioning o

Turn Over and Commissioning Package (TCPs)

o

Boundary drawings



Equipment operations and maintenance manuals



Proposed spare parts listing for system

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8.0

SUPPORTING EQUIPMENTS

8.1

TEST EQUIPMENT

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

[M] Maintaining equipment requires that the licensed operational parameters are tested routinely. At the commissioning and site acceptance testing (SAT), the initial parameters will be recorded, and periodically the parameters will be retested according to local government regulations, industry standards, and Company preventive maintenance schedules. Radio systems are typically maintained by operations. The following test equipment shall be the minimum required onsite for radio systems maintenance:

8.2



Radio service monitor with battery pack



spectrum analyzer



frequency meter



Wattmeter with RF test patch cables



Digital voltmeter



Dummy antenna load

SPARES [A] [M] Project sparing for large projects has generally been defined into two categories: 

Operational Spares: Operational Spares have historically been defined as spares to replace items that could be expected to fail within a two year period after installation.



Start-Up Spares: Start-Up Spares are generally smaller amounts of spare equipment to replace equipment that may have been damaged during shipment or failed upon installation. Depending on the project size, the sparing requirement may vary.

In this project, a complete list of spares should include not only Manufacturer's recommended spares, but additional equipment that may be deemed necessary to bring the system back into operation in a timely manner. Depending on the country of Operation, spare equipment and ancillary material may experience significant shipping delays caused by the remoteness of the area or countries where it is known to have long lead time customs delays. These factors need to be considered when developing the sparing strategy. A complete sets of start up spares shall be provided and handover to Company upon commissioning of the system.

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9.0

SAFETY AND SECURITY

9.1

PERSONNEL SAFETY

SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

[S] With the exception of intrinsically safe handhelds, all two-way radio systems including antennas shall be installed in non-classified areas. For site area classification, refer to project specification No. IQWQ-FT-ESPDS-00-160101 – “Area Classification and Related Electrical Design for Flammable liquids, Gases or Vapors”, for site classification. Some equipment may require certification that the RF energy emitted is within acceptable limits. Certification may be required via an independent study from a third party contractor/consultant. Refer to project specification No. - IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00-310303 – “Radiation Hazard Assessment and Control for Telecommunication Systems”, for additional information regarding radiation hazards. Tower climbing has been noted by OSHA as one of the most dangerous jobs in the industry with the most recorded safety incidents. Tower climbers must be experienced and some countries require tower climbers to be certified. Double lanyard safety harnesses are required for tower climbers. When a tower climber is on the tower for any work activity, a minimum of one person is required on the ground as a safety monitor. The activities to be performed on the tower will dictate how many men should be on the tower as well as the number of ground support staff. 9.2

SITE SECURITY Telecommunication sites and or equipment rooms generally require two forms of physical security when gaining access to equipment. The physical security of the main bldg or room door can be considered as one form of security. A second form of security within a locked building or closet is a locked telecom cabinet. Refer to project specification No. - IQWQ-FT-TSPDS-00310201 – “Computing and Telecommunications Rooms”, for additional information. In areas where telecom buildings are installed in remote areas, a security fence has been a project standard and serves as an additional means of physical security.

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SPECIFICATION - TWO-WAY RADIO SYSTEMS

ATTACHMENT: PURPOSE CODE DEFINITIONS CODE

DESCRIPTION

A

Assigned to paragraphs that require approval from the Owner's Engineer before the work may proceed or the design is finalized.

C

Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is reduced costs. Reduced cost in this context refers to initial investment cost and does not include life cycle cost considerations. Life cycle cost considerations are captured under reliability, maintainability, or operability purpose codes.

E

Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is driven by environmental considerations. Environmental considerations typically include specifications intended to protect against emissions/leakage to the air, water, and/or soil. Deviations from the specifications contained in such paragraphs require formal review and approval according to local environmental policy.

I

Assigned to paragraphs that provide only clarifying information, such as Scope statements, definitions of terms, etc.

M

Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is to provide for maintainability of equipment or systems. Maintainability provisions are those that facilitate the performance of maintenance on equipment/systems either during downtimes or during onstream operations.

O

Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is to assure operability of equipment or systems. Operability is the ability of the equipment/system to perform satisfactorily even though conditions are off-design, such as during start-ups, process swings, subcomponent malfunction, etc.

R

Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is to improve or assure the reliability of equipment or systems. Reliability is a measure of the ability of equipment/systems to operate without malfunction or failure between planned maintenance interventions.

S

Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications/guidance where the primary purpose is the avoidance of incidents impacting personnel safety, operational safety, and the public in general and/or involving responses to emergency situations. Any deviation from the specifications contained in such designated paragraphs requires formal review and approval according to local safety policy. Personnel Safety:

Refers to incident-related personnel injuries or illness, e.g., burns, cuts, abrasions, inhalation of or exposure to dangerous substances, etc., that could result in medical treatment, restricted work, lost-time incidents, or fatalities.

Operational Safety:

Refers to the prevention and control of process releases, fires, and/or explosions that could result in damage to equipment, process disruption, or personnel injury or illness.

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