General Biology 1 1 Quarter-module 1: Life In A Cell: Senior High School

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 1st Quarter-Module 1: Life in a Cell











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General Biology 1 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Life in a Cell

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Queen Anne A. Paninsoro Editor: Dr. Imelda V. Canoy Reviewers: Candida Purgatorio (Moderator) Dr. Clavel D. Salinas Illustrator: Queen Anne A. Paninsoro Layout Artist: Queen Anne A. Paninsoro Management Team Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Marilyn S. Andales Asst. Schools Division Superintendents Dr. Leah B. Apao Dr. Ester A. Futalan Dr. Cartesa M. Perico Chief CID:

Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores

EPS in LRMS :

Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas

Division SHS Coordinator:

Dr. Clavel D. Salinas

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region VII,Division of Cebu Province Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City Telefax: (032) 255-6405 E-mail Address: [email protected]



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Introduction To assure that learning remains unhampered as the country battles against the pandemic, Department of Education implements the Distance Learning Approach as we limit face to face interactions. Along with the implementation, DepEd has come up an alternative delivery mode of teaching as learning process should continue at the comforts of home. In line with the aforementioned facts, this module is shaped primarily to aid student learning in a most comprehensive manner. The existing activities, drills, and assessments were generally compiled to solve the problem on lack of access to technology. This printed material is essentially produced to make education accessible to all, under any circumstances. This module consists of the following parts as reflected on each lesson:

This contains the Most Essential Learning Competencies, objectives, and skills that is expected for learners to develop and master along the learning process. This aims to validate the learners’ prior knowledge in relation to the current lesson. This helps to recall previous lesson through simple review or short activities. This is the phase where introduction of the lesson is explored through drills, activities, and exercises. This section leads to the discussion of the main idea of the lesson and unlocking of key concepts. This provides enrichment activities that could lead to the improvement of the day’s lesson. This summarizes the main idea of the lesson and analysis of new inputs. This part is structured to let learners engage in an activity that aims to apply their new learning in their immediate community.





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CHAPTER

1



Lesson1: Cell Theory

Photo credit: sciencephoto.com

Learning Competency: STEM_BIO11/12-la-c-1 Explain the postulates of the Cell theory.

Learning Objectives: o

Recognize the different scientists who contributed to the discovery

of the cell. o

Outline the history of the development of cell theory from its origin

to the present through completing a graphic organizer. o

Acknowledge scientists work and contribution through composing

a letter of appreciation.



1

PRETEST Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. 1. It refers to the basic unit of life. a. cell

c. nucleus

b. cell membrane

d. cell theory

2. He come up with the term “cell’. a. Robert Hooke

c. Theodor Schwann

b. Matthias Schleiden

d. Rudolf Virchow

3. What did Robert Hooke look at under the microscope? a. microbes

c. onion cell

b. cork

d. fungi

4. Where do all cells come from? a. cell division

c. mutation

b. evolution

d. pre-existing cells

5. He created the first lense and made a simple microscope. a. Galileo Galilei

c. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

b. Robert Hooke

d. Zacharias Janssen

6. He saw the first living organisms. He is the called the “Father of Microscopy”. a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

c. Matthias Schleiden

b. Rudolf Virchow

d. Robert Hooke

7. A fundamental concept in biology that describes the major characteristic of life. a. Endosymbiotic theory

c. Cell theory

b. Spontaneous generation

d. Evolution

8. A tool used by biologist to study tiny details of living things. a. telescope

c. antiseptics

b. microscope

d. microwave

9. Which of the following is the smallest in size?



a. bacteria

c. virus

b. molecule

d. cell

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10. The date the first postulate of cell theory was published. a. 1875

c. 1855

b. 1838

d. 1795

11. Which of the following describes the proper microscope care and technique. a. Carry the microscope upright, with one hand on the arm and the other under the base. b. Always begin focusing with the greatest power lens available. c. You can view the specimen without cover slips as it magnifies a clearer view. d. All of the above 12. ___________ are made up of at least one cell. Which word best fits in the blank? a. all living things

c. animals

b. plants

d. atoms

13. The increase in magnification causes _________. a. decrease in the field of view

c. decrease in number of specimen

b. decrease in working distance d. all of the above 14. What does the word cyto means? a. dark

c. cell

b. jelly

d. small

15. Tiny structures that carry out cell functions are collectively called ________.



a. organelles

c. animalcules

b. tissues

d. ribosome

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“The cell is the fundamental unit of life”. You have probably heard this line ever since you started learning science in high school. But what is a cell and how do you see it? or where can we find cells? To answer this question, let’s consider how cell is discovered and how does cell theory developed over time.

This

lesson

introduces

the

cell,

cites

contributions

of

different scientist to the discovery of cell theory, and explains how simple lenses reveals the first glimpse of cells that lead to the understanding of life.



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EXPLORE IT!

Instruction: Write thing and a

mark if the picture below shows a living

mark if it displays a non-living thing. Please

indicate response in the box provided.



YEAST

CORONA VIRUS

SEAWEED

MUSHROOM



CORALS

BACTERIA

Photo credits: yeast- exploreyeast.com, virus-webmed.com, seaweeds-alibaba.com, mushroom-kidsdiscover.com, corals-scienmag.com, bacteria-sustainablity-times.com.



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DISCOVERIES OF THE CELL THEORY





ROBERT HOOKE



1665

1670





o

Used the compound microscope to observe cork.

o Hooke observed that cork is composed of small, hollow compartments. o The parts prompted Hooke to think of small rooms (cells) in a monastery, so he gave them the same name: CELLS. o Investigated cork through experimenting with the compound microscope and came up with the name cells! o Hooke discovered the cell in 1665, which started formulating the cell theory!

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK





Now that you have learned that cells can only be present in a living thing, let us navigate in detail how first glimpse of cells were revealed and developed to a theory.

o Study new approaches for creating lenses to observe cloth. o Leeuwenhoek’s microscope was more powerful than Hooke’s compound microscope. o From investigating and experimenting with his microscope, Leeuwenhoek became one of the first scientists to refer to living cells when he observed an abundant number of single-celled organisms, which he called animalcules (plant & animal), swimming in a drop of

Photo credits: Cartoon art- pinterest.com, Hooke- britannica.com, Leeuwenhoek-commons.wikipedia.org

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MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN



o Fascinated with plant cells, Schleiden used the compound microscope and studied plant cells. o From investigating and experimenting with plants, projected plant parts are made of cells! o Discussed what he observed with his dear friend, German scientist Theodor Schwann.











1838





THEODOR SCHWANN



o Studied plant & animal cells, and was intrigued by the similarities between the two. o From investigating and experimenting with plant & animal cells, Schwann was able to determine that all animals are made of cells! o Schwann published the 1st statement of the cell theory: all living things are made of cells and cell products!.



1839





RUDOLF VIRCHOW







1855







o Based on his investigations and experiments, he stated that all cells come from preexisting cells, which is the 2nd part of the cell theory: all existing cells are produced by other living cells.

Key Note: Collectively, the concepts from Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow were summarized into what is known as cell theory, which states the following: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the smallest and basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. Cells arise from previously existing cells.

Photo credits: Schleiden- thedailygadener.com, Schwann- cmijournal.org, Virchow-wikipedia.org



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Instruction: Provide the details below to complete the graphic organizer.





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ELABORATE IT!

Instruction: Complete the phrase below.



MAIN IDEAS Your knowledge about cells came from the discoveries of numerous ___________________. Cell theory is an explanation of ______________.

Instruction: Write a brief letter of appreciation to the proponents of cell theory as a sign of recognizing their efforts and great work in Science. Sight implications what could have happen if significant inventions/discoveries were not made possible. My Personal Letter of Appreciation

EXTEND IT!



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CHECKPOINT

POST TEST





I. Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. 1. Rudolf Virchow observations helped to disprove the commonly held belief of? a. evolution

c. spontaneous generation

b. existence of molecules

d. atomic models

2. What invention led to the development of cell theory? a. telescope

c. microwave

b. computer

d. microscope

3. Why do you think there were no significant development of the discovery of cells on the 17th Century? a. Scientists got lazy to work for additional contributions. b. There were not enough funding to go on with the experiments. c. World War ruined the timeline. d. There were no microscopes available with higher magnification. 4. Matthias Schleiden _______________; Theodor Schwann______________ a. botanist; histologist

c. inventor; taxonomist

b. botanist; physiologist

d. zoologist; botanist

5. The first term used by scientists before the word “cell” was coined. a. cyto

c. cork

b. molecule

d. animalcules

6. ___________ are made up of at least one cell. Which word best fits in the blank? a. all living things

c. animals

b. plants

d. atoms

7. Where do all cells come from?



a. cell division

c. mutation

b. evolution

d. pre-existing cells

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8. Who was the first person who see cells under the microscope and give them a name? a. Leeuwenhoek

c. Hooke

b. Schwann

d. Schleiden

9. He discovered that all plants were made of cells, who contributed to the development of cell theory.

10.

a. Virchow

c. Schleiden

b. Schwann

d. Leeuwenhoek

He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells.

11.

12.

a. Hooke

c. Schleiden

b. Virchow

d. Schwann

A single-celled organism that Leeuwenhoek referred as animalcules. a. protozoa

c. animals

b. plant

d. bacteria

Which

of

the

following

scientists

contributed

to

the

cell

theory?

a. Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden, Leeuwenhoek, Virchow b. Leeuwenhoek, Schwann, Schleiden, Darwin, Hooke c. Sheen, Shwann, Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Virchow d. Clooney, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, Darwin 13. Which of the following statement is NOT part of the cell theory? a. Cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things. b. Only animal cells are composed of cells c. All cells are produced from other cells d. All living things are composed of cells 14. The invention of microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about ______________. a. plants

c. skin

b. animals

d. cells

15.Why microscopes are important in studying cells? a. Most cells are very large

c. Most cells are very small

b. Most cells move very quickly

d. Most cells are dead



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KEY TASK



Instruction: Create a comic strip which is limited to 6 scenes. Provide your own story line on how the development of the cell theory was established through time.



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CHAPTER

1

Lesson2:

Cellular Organelles



Photo credit: sciencephoto.comcom



Learning Competency: STEM_BIO11/12-la-c-2 Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles.

Learning Objectives: o

Enumerate the parts and function of the various organelles in

the cell. o

Construct a 3D model of plant/animal cell using recyclable

materials. o

Uphold the value of collaboration as students compare cellular

organelles jobs similar to a function of a factory and its workers.



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PRETEST I.Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. 1. The endomembrane system includes all of the following cell structures except ________. a. endoplasmic reticulum

c. peroxisome

b. golgi apparatus

d. vesicle

2. The organelle that controls the substances that goes in and out of the cell. a. ribosomes

c. cell membrane

b. cell wall

d. cytoskeleton

3. A jelly-like suspension that holds all the organelles inside the cell. a. lysosome

c. cell membrane

b. ribosome

d. cytoplasm

4. It is called the powerhouse of the cell. a. cell wall

c. endoplasmic reticulum

b. mitochondria

d. golgi apparatus

5. The organelle that makes food using energy from the sun. a. chloroplast

c. mitochondria

b. nucleus

d. cell wall

6. This organelle is responsible for destroying worn-out cell parts. a. lysosome

c. golgi apparatus

b. mitochondria

d. lysosome

7. Genetic material is contained within the __________. a. ribosomes

c. nucleus

b. cytoplasm

d. nucleolus

8. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has _________ located on it.



a. lysosome

c. centrioles

b. cytosol

d. ribosome

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9.Which of these is a possible explanation for the presence of a rigid cell wall in plants? a. Plants remain exposed in temperature and thus require rigid cell walls to protect themselves. b. Plants are subjected to variations in osmotic pressure, and a cell wall helps them against bursting or shrinking. c. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall to protect themselves from grazing animals d. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall to prevent the influx of waste material. 10. What happens to the proteins that are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm? a. These proteins move through the Golgi apparatus and enter the in the nucleus. b. These proteins go through the Golgi apparatus and remain in the cytosol. c. The proteins do not go through the Golgi apparatus and move into the nucleus for processing. d. The proteins stay in the cytosol, free roaming. 11. A centriole is an organelle that is: a. present in the center of a cell’s cytoplasm b. composed of microtubules and important for organizing the spindle fibers. c. surrounded by a membrane d. part of a chromosome 12. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is: a. an intracellular double-membrane system to which ribosomes are attached. b. an intracellular membrane that is studded with microtubular structures c. a membranous structure found within mitochondria d. only found in prokaryotic cells 13. Lysosomes are formed by budding from which cellular organelle?



a. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. rough endoplasmic reticulum

b. golgi apparatus

d. nucleus

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14. All peroxisomes carry out this function: a. break down fats and amino acids into smaller molecules that can be used for energy production by mitochondria b. digest macromolecules using the hydrolytic enzymes they contain c. synthesize membrane components such as fatty acids and phospholipids d. control the flow of ions into and out of the cell 15. Which of the following does not apply to chloroplasts? a. they contain chlorophyll and the enzymes required for photosynthesis. b. they contain an internal membrane system consisting of thylakoids. c. they synthesize ATP (sdenosine triphosphate) from from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate). d.they are bounded by two membranes, the inner of which is folded into the cristae.

Hi! Are you as excited as me for the new lesson? Before we go on, let’s try to search for keywords which is related to the previous lesson





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Instruction: Make a word search and complete the puzzle. See the word bank for possible answers.

WORD BANK

o o o o o o o o o o

HOOKE REPRODUCE GROW SCHWANN CELL VIRCHOW SCHLEIDEN RESPOND LEUWENHOEK ONE

ACROSS: 1. German scientist that discovered that animals were made of cells. 5. Scientist who discovered single-celled organism. 7. The minimum number of cells needed to be considered living. 8. German scientist that discovered cells come from preexisting cells.

DOWN: 2. Scientist who discovers cells while looking at the piece of cork. 3. German scientist that discovered plants were made of cells. 4. When a living thing react to a certain change. 6. Living things experienced from infants to adults.

Due to the contributions of cell theory, invention of lenses and advancement of technology, it lead to better image processing, and more advanced microscopy that allowed scientists to observe cell structures and determine their function.



17





EXPLORE IT!

Instruction: Compare and contrast plant cell and animal cell. Put a check mark if the organelle is present and a wrong mark if the organelle is absent. Provide the function of the organelles to complete the table. PLANT CELL PLANT CELL

ORGANELLE 1.Cell Membrane 2. Cell Wall 3. Cytoplasm 4. Nucleus 5. Ribosomes 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum 7. Golgi Apparatus 8. Vacuole 9. Lysosome 10. Peroxisome 11. Mitochondria 12. Chloroplast 13. Cytoskeleton 14. Centrioles





PLANT CELL



ANIMAL CELL

ANIMAL CELL

FUNCTION













Photo credit: Plant and Animal cell-byjus.com



ANIMAL CELL

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In this lesson, you will explore the world of eukaryotic cells, what

how these structures work to common structures they share, and provide a function that is very essential to every forms of life.

All living things have cells that share fundamental structural parts, which include: o Cell Membrane o Cytoplasm o Nucleus Key point: The jobs of structural parts are divided into what function they serve to a cell. Collectively, these parts are called organelles, they do the work to keep the cell alive.

They are like miniorgans!





Organelles Main Jobs: •

Cell Structures for Protection

•

Genetic Control Organelles

•

Manufacturing, Storage, Distribution, and Breakdown Organelles

•

Energy-processing Organelles

•

Organelles for Structural Support and Movement

Photo credit: Cartoon art- pinterest.com, Major cell parts- haikudeck.com, Organelles-cleanpng.com



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Cell Structures for Protection Cell Membrane Function: § controls what enters or leaves cell



(O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste) § recognizes signals from other cells (allows communication between



cells)

Structure: § phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic head: water loving; hydrophobic tail: water fearing)







§ proteins molecule that receive signals from other adjacent cells § Protein channels that serve as tunnels to export and import materials § Carbohydrate chains serve as identification tags distinguishing



other types of cell.

Cell Wall

Function:



§

Gives protection

§

Rigid support

§

Gives shape to the cell

Structure: §

made up of polysaccharide cellulose §

In fungi, cell walls are made up of chitin

§



In bacteria, they are composed of peptidoglycan

Photo credit: Cell membrane- qsstudy.com, Cell wall- assignmentpoint.com





In plants and algae, cell wall is

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Cytoplasm Function: Fills the space between the nucleus

§

and the cell membrane Holds the organelles in place

§

Structure: Cytoplasm

§

Composed of jelly-like material called cytosol, consisting mainly of water.



Genetic Control Organelles Nucleus Function: §

Storehouse of the genetic information in the form of DNA

§

Chromatin

Control center of the cell

Structure: §

DNA

Pore Nucleolus

§

Nuclear pores- allow large molecules to pass between the

Nuclear Envelope

nucleus and cytoplasm.



§

Nucleolus-dense region where small organelles essential for making proteins assemble.

Photo credit: Cytoplasm-genome.gov, Nucleus- ck12.org



Nuclear envelope- encloses the

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Manufacturing, Storage, Distribution, and Breakdown Organelles Ribosomes

Function: Build proteins polymers from

§

amino acid monomers

Structure:

Ribosomes

§

Small beadlike structure

§

Built from two subunit- a large subunit and a small subunit





Endoplasmic reticulum

Function: §

Facilitates the manufacture of protein



Structure: §

Rough ER- studded with ribosomes -makes proteins

§

Smooth ER- not studded with ribosoms - makes lipids

Rough endoplasmic reticulum



Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Photo credit: Ribosome-genome.gov, Endoplasmic reticulum-dynamicscience.com.au



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Golgi Apparatus Function: §

Transports and modify products from endoplasmic reticulum.

Structure: §

Made up of vesicles that act as storage, transport, and secretory.



Vacuole

Function: §

Storage of materials which includes water, food molecules, organic ions, and enzymes

§

Strengthens the cell and supports entire plant by making it erect

Structure:



§

Transparent sac

§

Larger in plants than in animals

Photo credit: Ribosomes-vectorstock.com, Vacuole- medium.com



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Lysosome

Function: §

Digest food within cells

§

Break down damaged and worn out cell parts

Structure: Round-shaped membrane-

§

bound structure containing enzyme called lysozyme

Peroxisome



Function: §

Break down complex molecules into smaller



molecules

Structure: §

Single membrane that contains oxidative enzymes such as catalase and urate oxidase.

Photo credit: Lysosome- coolaboo.com, Peroxisome- biochemistry-wordpress.com



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Energy-processing Organelles Mitochondria

Function: §

Cell’s energy factory

§

Makes ATP from cellular respiration

Structure: §

Bean shaped with two membranes

§

Inner membrane consists of folds that increases surface area

Chloroplast Function: §

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

§

Carry out photosynthesis

Structure: §

Thylakoid- sacs in the chloroplast membrane

§

Granum- stack of thylakoid

§

Stroma- liquid portion of the chloroplast





Photo credit: Mitochondria- onlinesciencenotes.com, Chloroplast-bioninja.com



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Organelles for Structural Support and Movement Cytoskeleton Function: §

Provides shape and structure of the cell

§

Helps move organelles around the cell

Structure: §

Microtubule- thickest, serves as anchorage for the membranebound organelles

§

Intermediate- ropelike in appearance, gives cell tensile strength and the ability to stretch without breaking apart

§

Microfilament- thinnest, provide protective meshwork under the plasma membrane

Centrioles Function: §

Help coordinate cell division through forming spindle fibers

Structure: §

Cylinder-shaped

§

Made up of nine triplets of microtubule

Photo credit: Cytoskeleton-sideplayer.com, Centrioles-genome.gov



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Instruction: Read each riddle below and identify the organelle that is “speaking”.

WHO AM I? 1. I am found only in plant cells, I am made of a specialized substance called cellulose. I provide support and protection and give plants their shape. I am the. ________________________



2. I store molecules or send them into the cytosol or out of the cell. I process the proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. I am the. _______________________

3. I am the cell’s transport system there are two of me the rough and the smooth. The rough type has ribosomes attached. I am the. ______________________



4. I act like a digestive system in an animal cell. I contain enzymes that breakdown wastes and other materials. I am the.

_______________









5. I absorb light energy from the sun and use it convert carbon dioxide and water to sugar and oxygen. I am not found in animal cells, I am the. _______________________

6. I am the brain of the cell and I control all the activities of the cell. I am located in the cytosol, but you would not find me in prokaryotic cells. I am the. _________________________



7. I am composed of a network of protein filaments that help maintain cell shape and cell movement. I am the. ______________________ _





10. I am very large in plant cells, and I store water, food, and wastes. I help support the plant. When I start to shrink due to lack of water, the plant may wilt. I am the. ______________________







11. When a cell needs energy. I take in nutrients, break them down, and supply energy to the cell. I can also convert stored energy in the cell to food. I am a. ______________________



8. I am the jelly-like fluid inside the cell. I provide an area of movement for all the dissolved molecules that keep the cell working. I am the. ______________________

12. We build proteins in the cells. We can be found in several places in the cell, including in the cytosol and on the endoplasmic reticulum. We are. ________________________

13. I contain the enzyme catalase. I breakdown hydrogen peroxide in the cell environment. I am the. ________________________





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9. I am found only in an animal cell, I help organize cell division. I look good with the triplets of microtubules that composed me. I am the. ______________________

14. I am a thin protective layer around the cell, but I am not one solid piece. I have tiny openings that allow materials to pass in and out of the cell. I am the. ______________________



ELABORATE IT! “Organelles do the work to keep the cell alive. To keep you alive!”

What does the phrase mean? Explain further in a paragraph form. Create a creative title for your output.



________________________________________________________________ Title

_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Instruction: Compare the cell to a factory. State what organelle corresponds to the

EXTEND IT!

function of a factory icon given below.









CEO

WORKING SITE

WORKERS



ASSEMBLY LINE

PACKAGING DEPARTMENT

DELIVERY TEAM



CLEANING CREW

POWER PLANT

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CHECKPOINT



POST TEST

Instruction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. 1. When you look at an unknown cell under the microscope, you noticed the presence of a cell wall and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the cell is a/an____________. a. animal cell







c. bacterial cell

b. plant cell







d. virus

2. The endomembrane system includes all the following cell structures except _______________. a. endoplasmic reticulum



c. peroxisome

b. golgi apparatus



d. vesicles



3. The organelle involved in the detoxification of alcohol is _________________. a.

lysosome







c. peroxisome

b.

ribosome







d. endoplasmic reticulum

4. A human nerve that has an abnormal shape most like has a defective________________. a.

cell wall







c. nucleus

b.

cytoskeleton





d. ribosome

5. One property that distinguishes cells in domain Bacteria from those in domain Eukarya is the presence of _____________________. a.

cell wall







c. flagella

b.

DNA







d. membranous organelles

6. Within a single cell, which of the following is physically the smallest? a. nuclear envelope





c. phospholipid molecule

b. cell membrane





d. mitochondria

7. This organelle functions in cellular respiration. a. lysosome







c. endoplasmic reticulum

b. mitochondria





d. golgi apparatus





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8. What chemical property of phospholipids is key to the formation of the cell, membrane? a.

The two phosphate groups embedded in each fatty acid tail

b.

The hydrophilic glycerol

c.

The four fatty acids extending above and below each phosphate

d.

The hydrophilic head group attached to two hydrophobic fatty acids

9. Cell organelles are located within the ________________of the cell.

a. nucleus

b. cytoplasm







c. cell membrane







d. lysosome



10. Genetic material is contained within the _________________of the cell.

a. ribosomes







c. nucleus



b. cytoplasm







d. nucleolus

11. What can only be found in plant cells?

a. cell membrane





c. vacuole



b. chloroplast





d. mitochondria



12. A stiff structure outside the cell membrane. It protects the cells and help the plants and fungi keep their shape.

a. cytoplasm





b. nuclear envelope





c. cell wall





d. cell membrane

13. Which of the following organelles does not contain DNA?

a. ribosome







c. mitochondria



b. nucleus







d. chloroplast

14. Which of the following does not apply to the chloroplast?

a. They contain chlorophyll and enzymes required for photosynthesis.



b. They contain internal membrane system consisting of thylakoids.



c. They synthesize ATP from ADP.



d. They are bounded by two membranes, inner is folded into cristae.

15. A centriole is an organelle that is _________________.

a. present in the center of the cell’s cytoplasm



b. composed of nine triplets of microtubules



c. part of a chromosome



d. surrounded by a membrane



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KEY TASK Instruction:

Construct

a

3D

model

of

plant/animal

cell

using

indigenous/recyclable materials. Follow the scoring guide below. Poor (6 pt.)

Fair (8 pts.)

Cell Structure /Cell Type

Model looks like generalized cell. No distinguishing factors of a plant or animal cell.

Organelle function

0-5 of cell organelle functions are described and defined clearly and/or poorly described, there are errors when being defined. The work is done with poor effort. Cell parts and organelles are not detailed, they look like unformed and/or misshapen making them indistinguishable.

Model cannot be identified as plant or animal cell, because it has characteristics of both a plant and animal cell. 6-9 of cell organelle functions are described and defined clearly.



Cell details

Labeled organelles Creativity

0-5 of cell organelles labeled and/or errors of labeling and placement of the organelles. Lacks original artwork. Not students own drawing/writing/crafts. Messy. Lacks color.

Appearance Not in required format and/or submitted late. Pieces/items falling or hanging off.

The work was done with good effort. Most of the cell parts and organelles are distinguishable. Most of the organelles and cell parts are detailed accurately.

32

Exceeds (15pts.)

Model clearly represents an animal or plant cell, with 1 to 2 cell part mistakes

Model clearly represents an animal or animal cell.

10-12 cell organelle functions are described and defined clearly.

All cell organelle functions are described and defined clearly.

The work was done with good effort. Most of the cell parts and organelles are distinguishable. Most of the organelles and cell parts are detailed accurately. 6-9 of cell organelles 10-12 cell are labeled and organelles are placed correctly. labeled and placed correctly. Not very appealing. Contains students Limited use of own writing and creative materials. drawing. Lots of Not a lot of colors, shapes, and color/shapes/design. appealing design. Shows the student spent time creating an artistic piece. Project is damaged, Project is correct poorly presented. size, clean and Was possibly neatly displayed. submitted later than No items falling original due date. off. Submitted on Some items possibly due date. falling off.



Good (10 pts.)

The work done exceeds all expectations. The cell parts and organelles are easily distinguishable. All organelles and cell parts and accurately. All cell organelles are labeled and placed correctly. Eye catching. Great use of colors, texture, shapes. Artwork is the students own & is neat. Writing is easy

Project is of exceptional quality and presentation. Nothing hanging or falling off. Submitted on time.



Answer Key (Lesson 1): What I Know (Pretest) learned

What’s New

What I have

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1. scientist 2. life

A A B D D

6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10.B

11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. A

Posttest 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

C D D B D

6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10.A

Yeast / Corona Virus X Seaweed / Mushroom / Corals / Bacteria /

11. A 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C

Answer Key (Lesson 2): What I Know (Pretest)

What’s In

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Across: 1. Schwann 5. Leuwenhoek 7. One 8. Virchow

C C D B A

6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C

11. B 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D

What’s More 1. cell wall 2. golgi apparatus 3. endoplasmic reticulum 4 lysosome 5. chloroplast 6. nucleus 7. cytoskeleton 8. cytoplasm 9.centrioles 10. vacuole 11. mitochondria 12. ribosome 13.peroxisome 14.cell membrane

What Can I Do

WORKING SITE à CYTOPLASM CEO à NUCLEUS WORKERSà RIBOSOME ASSEMBLY LINEà ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM PACKAGING DEPARTMENTà GOLGI APPARATUS DELIVERY TEAMà CELL MEMBRANE CLEANING CREWà LYSOSOME POWER PLANTà MITOCHONDRIA

Posttest 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.



B 6. C C 7. B C 8. D B 9. B D 10.D

Down: 2. Hooke 3. Schleiden 4. Respond 6. Grow

11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B

33

References Biology Corner. Quiz: The Cell Theory. retrieved from https://www.biologycorner.com /quiz/qz_cell_theory.html Biology

Dictionary.



Cell

theory,

retrieved

May

13,2019,

https://biologydictionary.net/cell-theory/ CPALMS Where Educators Go for Bright Ideas. Cell Theory. retrieved 2019 https://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUpload/Preview/22747 Getting nerdy with Mel and Gerdy. Robert Hooke’s Contribution to Cells and Cell Theory, retrieved 2017, https://gettingnerdywithmelandgerdy.com/robert-hooke-cells-celltheory/ Grigg,

Cindy.

The

Cell

theory.

retrieved

from

https://1.cdn.edl.io/c6lwT9sztuB233asZhbSenaJB9g3MwcPL0TSzwDdswjemEno.pdf Hoefnagels, Marielle. General Biology (Books I and II). McGraw-Hill Education, 2016. Kesler Science. Cell theory lesson plan- A Complete Science Lesson using 5E Method of Instruction.

retrieved

https://www.keslerscience.com/cell-theory-lesson-plan-a-

complete-science-lesson-using-the-5e-method-of-instruction/ PBS Learning Media. High School: Cellular Structure and Function. retrieved 2020 https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.lp_strufx/cellularstructure-and-function/dvd Ramos, Anna Cherylle M., and John Donnie A. Ramos. Exploring life through Science Series General Biology 1. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House Inc., 2017. Taylor

K.

Common

Sense

Education.

Cell

organelles.

retrieved

https://www.commonsense.org/education/lesson-plans/cell-organelles

34

from



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