Group A Group B: Gerunds Gerunds

GRAMMAR QUIZ 5 • ANSWER KEY

Group A

Group B

Gerunds

Gerunds

Exercise 1

Exercise 1

1 being promoted: Gerund (my being promoted) is used here as an object and in the same way a noun (my promotion) could be used. 2 working: Gerund (working with food) is used here as the subject of the second clause in the sentence. 3 expecting: Gerund is part of an expression with the preposition with. The whole expression is used as a subject in a clause which is part of a sentence with two different subjects. 4 doing: Gerund is used after while instead of a full Past Continuous form (while I was doing) when the subject of the two clauses forming the sentence is the same. 5 convincing: Gerund is used after prepositions. 6 letting: Gerund is used instead of a noun meaning I appreciate the information. 7 receiving: Gerund is used after the preposition on at the beginning of the sentence meaning As soon as he received the letter.

Exercise 2 1 on arriving in London: It means as soon as I arrived in London. 2 in the middle of describing: Gerund is used after prepositions, in expressions such as in the middle of. 3 concerned about my starting: Gerund is used after prepositions, in expressions such as be concerned about. 4 Having worked at a restaurant: Gerund together with the past participle of the main verb is used as the equivalent of the Past Perfect when the subject of both clauses is the same to clarify the sequence of events.

© Pearson 2017    FOCUS 5    PHOTOCOPIABLE

1 Earning: Gerund is used at the subject of the sentence. 2 working: Gerund is used after while instead of a full Past Continuous form (while they were working) when the subject of the two clauses forming the sentence is the same. 3 being promoted: Gerund (my being promoted) is used here as an object and in the same way a noun (my promotion) could be used. 4 comparing: Gerund is used after the phrase can’t help meaning I can’t resist. 5 explaining: Gerund is used after prepositions, in expressions such as in the middle of. 6 finding: Gerund is used after prepositions, in expressions such be delighted about. 7 Being: Gerund is used as the subject of the sentence.

Exercise 2 1 With permanent employment becoming: Gerund is part of an expression with the preposition with. The whole expression is used as a subject in a clause which is part of a sentence with two different subjects (permanent employment becoming increasingly rare, young people). 2 you/your recommending me / having recommended me: Gerund is used as the object of the sentence in the same way a noun could be used (your recommendation of me); the perfect -ing form stresses the sequence of activities. 3 Having done a similar job: Gerund is used to show the cause and effect; if the cause is in the past, the perfect -ing form is used (having done). 4 succeeded in turning: Gerund is used after prepositions.