Hostel Management System Project Report.docx

Chapter-1 1.1 Introduction Android is an software platform and operating system for mobile devices. It is based on the Linux kernel. It was developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA). It allows writing managed code in the Java language. Due to Android here is the possibility to write applications in other languages and compiling it to ARM native code. Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA. It's a consortium of several companies

1.1.1 Introduction to Project Environment OPERATING SYSTEM: An operating system (OS) is software consisting of programs and data

hostel

management system project report runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it.

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Operating systems

Common Features: 

Process management



Interrupts



Memory management



File system



Device drivers



Networking (TCP/IP, UDP)



Security (Process/Memory



I/o

protection)

Types of Operating Systems:

Real-time Operating System: It is a multitasking operating system hostel management system project report aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use specialized scheduling algorithms so hostel management system project report they can achieve a deterministic nature ofbehaviour. The main object of real-time operating

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systems is their quick and predictable response to events. They either have an eventdriven or a time-sharing design. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems: The operating systems of this hostel type allow a multiple users to access a computer system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user systems as they enable a multiple user access to a computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are usable by a single user at a time. Being able to have multiple accounts on a Windows operating system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real user. But for a Unix-like operatingsystem, it is possible for two users to login at a time and this hostel capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.

Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems: When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under a single-tasking system, while in case the operating system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. Multitasking can be of two types namely, pre-emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support preemptive multitasking. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner. MS Windows prior to Windows 95 used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed Operating System: An operating system hostel management system project report manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer is known as a distributed operating system. The development of networked computers

hostel

management system project report could be linked and communicate with each other, gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on more

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than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system.

Embedded System: The operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer systems are known as embedded operating systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Batch Processing Operating System: In a batch processing operating system interaction between the user and processor is limited or there is no interaction at all during the execution of work. Data and programs hostel management system project report need to be processed are bundled and collected as a ‘batch’ and executed together.

Batch processing operating systems are ideal in situations where: - There are large amounts of data to be processed. - Similar data needs to be processed. - Similar processing is involved when executing the data. The system is capable of identifying times when the processor is idle at which time ‘batches’ Maybe processed. Processing is all performed automatically without any user intervention.

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History: In the early 1950s, a computer could execute only one program at a time. Each user had sole use of the computer and would arrive at a scheduled time with program and data on punched paper cards and tape. The program would be loaded into the machine, and the machine would be set to work until the program completed or crashed. Programs could generally be debugged via a front panel using toggle switches and panel lights. It is said hostel management system project reportAlan Turing was a master of this hostel on the early Manchester Mark 1 machine, and he was already deriving the primitive conception of an operating system from the principles of the Universal Turing machine.

Mainframes: Through the 1950s, many major features were pioneered in the field of operating systems, including batch processing, multitasking,spooling, runtime libraries, linkloading, and programs for sorting records in files. This hostel features were included or not included in application software at the option of application programmers, rather than in a separate operating system used by all applications. In 1959 the SHARE Operating System was released as an integrated utility for the IBM 704, and later in the 709 and 7090 mainframes.

During the 1960s, IBM's OS/360 introduced the concept of a single OS spanning an entire product line, which was crucial for the success of the System/360 machines. IBM's current mainframe operating systems are distant descendants of this

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hostel original system and applications written for OS/360 can still be run on modern machines. In the mid-'70s, MVS, a descendant of OS/360, offered the first implementation of using RAM as a transparent cache for data. In the late 1960s through the late 1970s, several hardware capabilities evolved hostel management system project report allowed similar or ported software to run on more than one system. Early systems had utilized microprogramming to implement features on their systems in order to permit different underlying architecture to appear to be the same as others in a series. In fact most 360's after the 360/40 (except the 360/165 and 360/168) were micro programmed implementations. But soon other means of achieving application compatibility were proven to be more significant. The enormous investment in software for this hostel systems made since 1960s caused most of the original computer manufacturers to continue to develop compatible operating systems along with the hardware. The notable supported mainframe operating systems include: 

Burroughs MCP – B5000, 1961 to Unisys Clear path/MCP, present.



IBM OS/360 – IBM System/360, 1966 to IBM z/OS, present.



IBM CP-67 – IBM System/360, 1967 to IBM z/VM, present.



UNIVAC EXEC 8 – UNIVAC 1108, 1967, to OS 2200 Unisys Clear path Dorado, present.

Microcomputers:

PC-DOS was an early personal computer OS

hostel management system project report featured a

command line interface.

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The first microcomputers did not have the capacity or need for the elaborate operating systems hostel management system project report had been developed for mainframes and minis; minimalistic operating systems were developed, often loaded from ROM and known as Monitors. One notable early disk-based operating system was CP/M, which was supported on many early microcomputers and was closely imitated in MS-DOS, which became wildly popular as the operating system chosen for the IBM PC (IBM's version of it was called IBM DOS or PC DOS), its successors making Microsoft.

Examples of operating systems: Microsoft Windows

Windows 7, shown here, is the newest release of Windows.

Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems most commonly used on personal computers. It is the most common family of operating systems for the

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personal computer, with about 90% of the market share. Currently, the most widely used version of the Windows family is Windows XP, released on October 25, 2001. The newest version is Windows 7 for personal computers and Windows Server 2008 R2 for servers. Windows is also used on servers, supporting applications such as web servers and database servers. In recent years, Microsoft has spent significant marketing and research & development money to demonstrate hostel management system project report Windows is capable of running any enterprise application, which has resulted in consistent price/performance records (see the TPC) and significant acceptance in the enterprise market.

Android:

Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory management, process management, and networking. The next level up contains the Android native libraries. They are all written in C/C++ internally, but you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces. In this hostel layer you can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database (SQLite), and a native web browser engine (WebKit). Dalvik Virtual Machine.Dalvik runs dex files, which are coverted at compile time from standard class and jar files.

Advantages :

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There are a host of advantages hostel management system project report Google’s Android will derive from being an open

Source software: Some of the advantages include: 

The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform



The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken by Google Android



Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google Android platform like never before

Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be customized 

As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android, companies will come up with such innovative products like the location



In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real time multiplayer games

1.1.2Introduction to Databases Database

A database is a system intended to organize, store, and retrieve large amounts of data easily. It consists of an organized collection of data for one or more uses, typically in digital form. One way of classifying databases involves the type of their contents, for example: bibliographic, document-text, statistical. Digital databases are managed using database management systems, which store database contents, allowing data creation and maintenance, and search and other access.

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Architecture: Database architecture consists of three levels, external, conceptual and internal. Clearly separating the three levels was a major feature of the relational database model hostel management system project report dominates 21st century databases. The external level defines how users understand the organization of the data. A single database can have any number of views at the external level. The internal level defines how the data is physically stored and processed by the computing system. Internal architecture is concerned with cost, performance, scalability and other operational matters. The conceptual is a level of indirection between internal and external. It provides a common view of the database hostel management system project report is uncomplicated by details of how the data is stored or managed, and hostel management system project report can unify the various external views into a coherent whole.

Database management systems: A database management system (DBMS) consists of software

hostel

management system project report operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. Database management systems can be categorized according to the database model hostel management system project report they support, such as relational or XML, the type(s) of computer they support, such as a server cluster or a mobile phone, the query language(s) hostel management system project report access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover more than one entry in this hostel categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages. Examples of some commonly used DBMS are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQLServer, FileMaker, Oracle, Sybase, dBase, Clipper, FoxPro etc. Almost every database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver hostel management system project report allows the database to integrate with other databases.

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Components of DBMS: Most DBMS as of 2009 implement a relational model. Other DBMS systems, such as Object DBMS, offer specific features for more specialized requirements. Their components are similar, but not identical.

RDBMScomponents: 

Sublanguages— Relational

DBMS (RDBMS)

include Data

Definition

Language (DDL) for defining the structure of the database, Data Control Language (DCL) for defining security/access controls, and Data Manipulation Language (DML) for querying and updating data. 

Interface drivers:-This

hostel drivers are code libraries

hostel management

system project report provide methods to prepare statements,execute statements, fetch results, etc. Examples include ODBC, JDBC, MySQL/PHP, FireBird/Python. 

SQL engine:-This

hostel component interprets and executes the DDL, DCL,

and DML statements. It includes three major components (compiler, optimizer, and executor). 

Transaction engine:-Ensures hostel management system project report multiple SQL statements either succeed or fail as a group, according to application dictates.



Relational engine:-Relational objects such as Table, Index, and Referential integrity constraints are implemented in this hostel component.



Storage engine:-This hostel component stores and retrieves data from secondary storage, as well as managing transaction commit and rollback, backup and recovery, etc.

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ODBMScomponents: Object DBMS (ODBMS) has transaction and storage components

hostel

management system project report are analogous to those in an RDBMS. Some DBMS handle DDL, DML and update tasks differently. Instead of using sublanguages, they provide APIs for this

hostel purposes. They typically include a sublanguage and

accompanying engine for processing queries with interpretive statements analogous to but

not

the

same

as

SQL.

Example

object

query

languages

are OQL, LINQ, JDOQL, JPAQL and others. The query engine returns collections of objects instead of relational rows.

Types: Operational database: This

hostel databases store detailed data about the operations of an

organization. They are typically organized by subject matter, process relatively high volumes of updates using transactions. Essentially every major organization on earth uses such databases. Examples include customer databases hostel management system project report record contact, credit, and demographic information about a business' customers, personnel databases

hostel management system project report hold

information such as salary, benefits, skills data about employees, Enterprise resource planning

hostel management system project report record details about product

components, parts inventory, and financial databases

hostel management system

project report keep track of the organization's money, accounting and financial dealings.

Data warehouse: Data warehouses archive modern data from operational databases and often from external sources such as market research firms. Often operational data undergoes transformation on its way into the warehouse, getting summarized, anonymized, reclassified, etc. The warehouse becomes the central source of data for use by managers

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and other end-users who may not have access to operational data. For example, sales data might be aggregated to weekly totals and converted from internal product codes to use UPC codes so

hostel management system project report it can be compared

with ACNielsen data.Some basic and essential components of data warehousing include retrieving and analyzing data, transforming,loading and managing data so as to make it available for further use. Operations in a data warehouse are typically concerned with bulk data manipulation, and as such, it is unusual and inefficient to target individual rows for update, insert or delete. Bulk native loaders for input data and bulk SQL passes for aggregation are the norm.

Analytical database: Analysts may do their work directly against a data warehouse or create a separate analytic database for Online Analytical Processing. For example, a company might extract sales records for analyzing the effectiveness of advertising and other sales promotions at an aggregate level.

Distributed database: This hostel are databases of local work-groups and departments at regional offices, branch offices, manufacturing plants and other work sites. This

hostel

databases can include segments of both common operational and common user databases, as well as data generated and used only at a user’s own site.

End-user database: This

hostel databases consist of data developed by individual end-users.

Examples of this hostel are collections of documents in spreadsheets, word processing and downloaded files, even managing their personal baseball card collection.

External database: This

hostel databases contain data collected for use across multiple

organizations, either freely or via subscription. The Internet Movie Database is one example.

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Hypermedia databases: The World Wide Web can be thought of as a database, albeit one spread across millions of independent computing systems. Web browsers "process" this hostel data one page at a time, while web crawlers and other software provide the equivalent of database indexes to support search and other activities.

Models: Post-relational database models: Products offering a more general data model than the relational model are sometimes classified as post-relational Alternate terms include "hybrid database", "Object-enhanced RDBMS" and others. The data model in such products incorporates relations but is not constrained by E.F. Codd's Information Principle, which requires hostel management system project report all information in the database must be cast explicitly in terms of values in relations and in no other way some of this hostel extensions to the relational model integrate concepts from technologies hostel management system project report pre-date the relational model. For example, they allow representation of a directed graph with trees on the nodes. Some post-relational products extend relational systems with non-relational features. Others arrived in much the same place by adding relational features to prerelational systems. Paradoxically, this

hostel allows products

hostel management

system project report are historically pre-relational, such as PICK and MUMPS, to make a plausible claim to be post-relational.

Database Developer: Our Database Programmers are skilled at software

designing applications

and developing with

relational

databases. MS SQL Server, MySQL and Oracle is our specialisation. Our Database

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Specialists have worked in diverse fields like e-commerce applications, internet banking portals, large community website with role based access, social networking applications with multi-server deployment and software architecture designed to support

high

loads.We design dynamic websites, e-commerce sites, and a wide variety of web applications and Internet database solutions for a wide range of businesses. We take pride in offering quick, effective and inexpensive ecommerce database solutions. Our Technical Database Developer team has vast experience in Database Application Development, setting up and using different databases, from small and fast MySQL, used for small projects, to huge and efficient Oracle database servers with complex structure. Our team with strong database management background and PL SQL programming experience is able to work for your business projects & ongoing maintenance / development requirements. We provide skilled resources working offsite, with a variety of experience in Oracle Solutions.

Our skilled team have confident hands & expertise on:

Oracle



MS SQL Server



My SQL



MS Access

Object database models: In recent years, the object-oriented paradigm has been applied in areas such as engineering and spatial databases, telecommunications and in various scientific domains. The conglomeration of object oriented programming and database technology led to this hostel new kind of database. This hostel databases attempt to bring the database world and the application-programming world closer together, in particular by ensuring hostel management system project report the database uses the same type system as the application program. This hostel aims to avoid the overhead (sometimes referred to as the impedance mismatch) of converting information between its representation in the database (for example as rows in tables) and its representation in the application program (typically as objects). At the same time, object databases

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attempt

to

introduce

key

ideas

of

object

programming,

such

as encapsulation and polymorphism, into the world of databases. A variety of this hostel ways have been triedfor storing objects in a database. Some products have approached the problem from the application-programming side, by making the objects manipulated by the program persistent. This hostel also typically requires the addition of some kind of query language, since conventional programming languages do not provide language-level functionality for finding objects based on their information content. Othershave attacked the problem from the database end, by defining an object-oriented data model for the database, and defining a database programming language hostel management system project report allows full programming capabilities as well as traditional query facilities.

Storage structures: Databases may store relational tables/indexes in memory or on hard disk in one of many forms: 

ordered/unordered flat files



ISAM



heaps



hash buckets



logically-blocked files



Fractal Tree indexes



B+ trees

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The most commonly usedare B+ trees and ISAM. Object databases use a range of storage mechanisms. Some use virtual memorymapped files to make the native language (C++, Java etc.) objects persistent. This hostel can be highly efficient but it can make multi-language access more difficult. Others disassemble objects into fixed- and varying-length components

hostel

management system project report are then clustered in fixed sized blocks on disk and reassembled into the appropriate format on either the client or server address space. Another popular technique involves storing the objects in tuples (much like a relational database) which the database server then reassembles into objects for the client. Other techniques include clustering by category (such as grouping data by month, or location), storing pre-computed query results, known as materialized views, partitioning data by range (e.g., a data range) or by hash. Memory management and storage topology can be important design choices for database designers as well. Just as normalization is used to reduce storage requirements and improve database designs, conversely renormalizations are often used to reduce join complexity and reduce query execution time.

Indexing: Indexing is a technique for improving database performance. The many types of index share the common property

hostel management system project report they

eliminate the need to examine every entry when running a query. In large databases, this hostel can reduce query time/cost by orders of magnitude. The simplest form of index is a sorted list of values hostel management system project report can be searched using a binary search with an adjacent reference to the location of the entry, analogous to the index in the back of a book. The same data can have multiple indexes (an employee database could be indexed by last name and hire date.) Indexes affect performance, but not results. Database designers can add or remove indexes without changing application logic, reducing maintenance costs as the database grows and database usage evolves.

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CHAPTER 2 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The selection of hardware is very important in the existence and proper working of any software. When selecting hardware, the size and requirements are also important.

2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Processor

:

INTEL Pentium 4

RAM

:

512MB

Hard Disk Drive

:

40GB

Mobile

:

Android Mobile

2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Operating system Web Browser Front- End Back- End

: WindowsXp or any latest version of windows : Mozilla Firefox or any browser : PHP, Flex :

MS SQL SERVER 2008 EXPRESS

Project will be done in PHP,Flex as front end and MySQL as back end. Php is a Hypertext Preprocessor (a recursive acronym, originally personal home page) is a general-purpose scripting language hostel management system project report was originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this hostel purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document. As a general-purpose programming language, PHP code is processed by an interpreter application in command-line mode performing desired operating system operations and producing program output on its standard output channel. It may also function as a graphical application. PHP is available as a processor for most modern web servers and as a standalone interpreter on most operating systems and computing platforms. Flex is used to show the front-end screens on the mobile based on the inputs provided by PHP

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CHAPTER-3

3 Literature Survey/Review of Literature 3.1 Introduction to Technologies Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or serve some purpose. The word technology comes from the Greek technological — téchnē an "art", "skill" or "craft" and -logia the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a discipline. The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology. 3.1.1 JAVA:  Java technology is an object-oriented, platform-independent, multithreaded programming environment.  Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.  The Java programming language is a high-level language hostel management system project report can be characterized by all of the following buzzwords:

Java is



Simple



Architecture neutral



Object oriented



Portable



Distributed



High performance



Multithreaded



Robust



Dynamic



Secure

a programming

language originally

developed

by James

Gosling at Sun

Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of

its syntax from C and C++ but

has

a

simpler object

model and

fewer low-

level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled tobytecode (class file) hostel management system project report can run on any Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based,

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object-oriented language

hostel management system project report is specifically

designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere". Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, and is widely used from application software to web applications.

Automatic memory management: Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory in the object lifecycle. The programmer determines when objects are created, and the Java runtime is responsible for recovering the memory once objects are no longer in use. Once no references to an object remain, the unreachable memory becomes eligible to be freed automatically by the garbage collector. Something similar to a memory leak may still occur if a programmer's code holds a reference to an object hostel management system project report is no longer needed, typically when objects hostel management system project report are no longer needed are stored in containers hostel management system project report are still in use. If methods for a nonexistent object are called, a "null pointer exception" is thrown.

Syntax: The syntax of Java is largely derived from C++. Unlike C++, which combines the syntax for structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built almost exclusively as an object-oriented language. All code is written inside a class, and everything is an object, with the exception of the primitive data types (integers, floating-point numbers, boolean values, and characters), which are not classes for performance reasons. Java uses similar commenting methods to C++. There are three different styles of comment: a single line style marked with two slashes (//), a multiple line style opened with a slash asterisk (/*) and closed with an asterisk slash (*/), and theJavadoc commenting style opened with a slash and two asterisks (/**) and closed with an asterisk slash (*/). The Javadoc style of commenting allows the user to run the Javadoc executable to compile documentation for the program. Example:

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publicclassHelloWorld { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world!"); } }

Editions: Sun has defined and supports four editions of Java targeting different application environments and segmented many of its APIs so hostel management system project report they belong to one of the platforms. The platforms are: 

Java Card for smartcards.



Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) — targeting environments with limited resources.



Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) — targeting workstation environments.



Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) — targeting large distributed enterprise or Internet environment.

3.1.2 XML: 

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards.



XML's design goals emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, for example in web services.

Key terminology:

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

The material in this hostel section is based on the XML Specification. This hostel is not an exhaustive list of all the constructs which appear in XML; it provides an introduction to the key constructs most often encountered in day-today use.

Character: 

By definition, an XML document is a string of characters. Almost every legal Unicode character may appear in an XML document.

Processor and Application: The processor analyzes the markup and passes structured information to an application. The specification places requirements on what an XML processor must do and not do, but the application is outside its scope. The processor (as the specification calls it) is often referred to colloquially as an XML parser.

Markup and Content: The characters which make up an XML document are divided into markup and content. Markup and content may be distinguished by the application of simple syntactic rules. All strings which constitute markup either begin with the character "<" and end with a ">", or begin with the character "&" and end with a ";". Strings of characters which are not markup are content.

Tag: A markup construct hostel management system project report begins with "<" and ends with ">". Tags come in three flavors: start-tags, for example <section>, end-tags, for example , and empty-element tags, for example .

Element: A logical component of a document which either begins with a start-tag and ends with a matching end-tag, or consists only of an empty-element tag. The characters between the start- and end-tags, if any, are theelement's content, and may contain markup, including other elements, which are called child elements. An example for child elemen is Hello, world. Another is .

Attribute:

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A markup construct consisting of a name/value pair hostel management system project report exists within a start-tag or empty-tag element tag.In the example (belowthe element img has two attributes, src and alt:. Another example would be <step number="3">Connect A to B. where the name 

of the attribute is "number" and the value is "3".

XML Declaration: XML documents may begin by declaring some information about themselves, as in the following example. 3.1.3 HTML: HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages. 

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language



HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language



A markup language is a set of markup tags



HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visual or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used tocreate interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML webpages. Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicitly presentational

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HTML markup consists of a series of short codes typed into a text-file by the site author — this hostel are the tags. The text is then saved as a html file, and viewed through a browser, like Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. This hostel browser reads the file and translates the text into a visible form, hopefully rendering the page as the author had intended. Writing your own HTML entails using tags correctly to create your vision. You can use anything from a rudimentary texteditor to a powerful graphical editor to create HTML pages.

HTML Tags: HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags 

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like



HTML tags normally come in pairs like and



The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag



Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

Markup: HTML markup consists of several key components, including elements (and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references. Another

important

component

is

the document

type

declaration,

which

triggers standards mode rendering.

Hello World!

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Elements HTML documents are composed entirely of HTML elements

hostel

management system project report, in their most general form have three components: a pair of element tags, a "start tag" and "end tag"; some element attributes within the start tag; and finally, any textual and graphical content between the start and end tags. The HTML element is everything between and including the tags. Each tag is enclosed in angle brackets. The general form of an HTML element is therefore: content to be rendered

3.1.4 MySQL:

Developer(s) Initial release Stable release

MySQL AB (A subsidiary of Oracle) May 23, 1995 5.5.9 (February 7, 2011; 33 days ago) [+/−]

Preview release

[+/−]

Written in

C, C++

Operating system

Cross-platform

Available in

English

Type

RDBMS

License

GNUGeneral

Public

License

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MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS)

hostel

management system project report runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, my. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. Free-software projects hostel management system project report require a fullfeatured database management system often use MySQL. For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Some free software project examples: Joomla, WordPress, MyBB, phpBB, Drupal and other software built on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Web products, including Wikipedia, Google and Face book.

Uses: MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used LAMP web application software stack—LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python". MySQL is used in some of the most frequently visited web sites on the Internet, including Flicker,Nokia.com, YouTube and as previously mentioned; Wikipedia, Google and Face book.

Platforms and interfaces: MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, and a homebrewed lexical analyzer named sql_lex.cc. MySQL works on many different system platforms, including AIX, BSDi, FreeBSD, HP-UX, eComStation, i5/OS, IRIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD, OpenSolaris, OS/2 Warp, QNX, Solaris, 26

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Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, Sanos and Tru64. A port of MySQL to OpenVMS also exists. Many programming languages with language-specific APIs include libraries for accessing MySQL databases. This

hostel include MySQL Connector/Net for

integration with Microsoft's Visual Studio (languages such as C# and VB are most commonly used) and the ODBC driver for Java. In addition, an ODBC interface called MyODBC allows additional programming languages

hostel management system

project report support the ODBC interface to communicate with a MySQL database, such as ASP or ColdFusion. The HTSQL - URL based query method also ships with a MySQL adapter, allowing direct interaction between a MySQL database and any web client via structured URLs. The MySQL server and official libraries are mostly implemented in ANSI C/ANSI C++.

Features: 

For storing historical data in little space)



Transactions with the InnoDB, BDB and Cluster storage engines; save points with InnoDBSSL support As of April 2009, MySQL offered MySQL 5.1 in two different variants: the open source MySQL Community Server and the commercial Enterprise Server. MySQL 5.5 is offered under the same licences. They have a common code base and include the following features:



A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99, as well as extensions



Cross-platform support



Stored procedures



Triggers



Cursors



Updatable Views



True Varchar support



Information schema



Strict mode



X/Open XAdistributed transaction processing (DTP) support; two phase commit as part of this hostel, using Oracle's InnoDB engine

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

Independent storage engines (MyISAM for read speed, InnoDB for transactions and referential integrity, MySQL Archive



Query caching



Sub-SELECTs (i.e. nested SELECTs)



Replication

support

(i.e.

Master-Master

Replication

&

Master-Slave

Replication) with one master per slave, many slaves per master, no automatic support for multiple masters per slave. 

Full-text indexing and searching using MyISAM engine



Embedded database library

3.1.5 PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor (a recursive acronym, originally personal home page) is a general-purpose scripting language hostel management system project report was originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this hostel purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document. As a general-purpose programming language, PHP code is processed byan interpreter application in command-line mode performing desired operating system operations and producing program output on its standard output channel. It may also function as a graphical application. PHP is available as a processor for most modern web servers and as a standalone interpreter on most operating systems and computing platforms.

Usage: PHP is a general-purpose scripting language

hostel management system

project report is especially suited to server-sideweb development where PHP generally runs on a web server. Any PHP code in a requested file is executed by the PHP runtime, usually to create dynamic web pagecontent. It can also be used for command-line scripting and client-sideGUIapplications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database

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management systems (RDBMS). It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use. Originally designed to create dynamic web pages, PHP now focuses mainly on server-side scripting, and it is similar to other server-side scripting languages hostel management system project report provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as Microsoft's Asp.net, Sun Microsystems' Java Server Pages, and mod_perl. PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks

hostel

management system project report provide building blocks and a design structure to promote rapid application development (RAD).

Syntax : Main article: PHP syntax and semantics <meta charset="utf-8" />
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3.1.6Adobe Flex

Adobe Flex is a software development kit (SDK) released by Adobe Systems for the development and deployment of cross-platform rich Internet applications based on the Adobe Flash platform. Flex applications can be written using Adobe Flash Builder or by using the freely available Flex compiler from Adobe.

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The release in March 2004 by Macromedia included an SDK, an integrated development environment (IDE), and a Java EE integration application known as Flex Data Services. Since Adobe purchased Macromedia in 2005, subsequent releases of Flex no longer require a license for Flex Data Services, which has become a separate product rebranded as Lifecycle Data Services. Adobe Flash Builder offers built-in code editors for MXML and Action Script and a WYSIWYG editor for modifying MXML applications. Adobe Flash Builder includes an interactive debugger allowing developers to step through code execution while inspecting variables and watching expressions. Flex Builder 3 added support for performanceanalysis. The profiling view displays statistical information about memory use in addition to function call execution time.

Application Development Process 

Define an application interface using a set of pre-defined components (forms, buttons, and so on)



Arrange components into a user interface design



Use styles and themes to define the visual design



Add dynamic behavior (one part of the application interacting with another, for example)



Define and connect to data services as needed

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Chapter-4 Software Requirement Analysis 4.1 DEFINITION: System Analysis is the detailed study of the various operations performed by the system and their relationships within and outside the system. Analysis is the process of breaking something into its parts so hostel management system project report the whole may be understood. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem, identifying the relevant and most decisional variables, analysing and synthesizing the various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution. During this hostel a problem is identified, alternate system solutions are studied and recommendations are made about committing the resources used to design the system.

4.1.1 CurrentSystem: Traditional studies on the reliability of software focus on functional failures, and do not emphasize the time-related behaviour of systems hostel management system project report can also cause the software to fail. The ability to meet deadlines and time constraints is critical to embedded systems software (as in automotive or robotic applications) hostel management system project report mandate response to stimuli

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within respecified real-time design specifications, and reliability considerations require a detailed evaluation of the ability of the system to meet this hostel specifications.

4.1.2 Proposed system If there is one area of certain growth in this hostel troubled economic times, it is the mobile communications sector. And with significant improvements having emerged over the last few years in vital areas such as data transfer speed, screens and content, mobile devices are starting to challenge the PC as an Internet access device of choice. This

hostel in turn has raised a key issue in the Mobile Internet space:

hostel

management system project report of the optimization of sites for mobile devices and search engines. It's all very well delivering a repackaged version of a standard web site to mobile devices, and most of the presentational challenges this

hostel raises have been

addressed one way or another. But the fact remains hostel management system project report mobile Internet usage diverges from traditional usage in a number of important ways. The failure of content publishers to understand the implications of this hostel differences for content can only lead to sub-standard mobile sites hostel management system project report run the risk of providing irrelevant material and poor usability. This hostel in turn results in an impoverished mobile Internet experience for users, which impacts take-up and slows down the whole cycle.

It is clearly very much in the interests of content publishers to optimize their sites not just for the mobile user, but also the mobile search engine. This hostel is particularly important when the site contains information of particular relevance to the mobile sector. Mobile Searching is different The first thing developers need to bear in mind is hostel management system project report there are real differences in the way mobile users tend to search compared with standard desktop-based searching. For example, there are differences in the type of content hostel management system project report mobile users tend to seek out. This hostel content is far more likely to involve an area hostel management system project

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report fulfills some immediate requirement, such as music or a ringtone, a navigational query, or an entertainment-related question.

In fact, research has suggested hostel management system project report around 50% of search queries from mobile phones tend to fall into just seven key categories: the above three, plus sports, local knowledge, shopping, and reference. Clearly any publisher who deals in one or more of this hostel kinds of data - probably most of them - needs to consider the likelihood

hostel management system project report a significant

proportion of the site's potential audience could be mobile-based and optimize accordingly. Another limiting factor hostel management system project report developers should consider is the impact of the form factor of a typical mobile device on how it is used. This hostel can express itself in any number of ways; for example, it is common knowledge hostel management system project report few users navigate beyond the first couple of pages of search results for any given query. If they haven't found what they are looking for by the end of page two they will tend to rephrase the query and start over.

In a standard desktop search environment, which typically returns ten or so results per page, this hostel means hostel management system project report while a front page search ranking is preferable, a top twenty ranking is generally regarded as satisfactory. On a mobile device with its tiny screen, two pages might only include eight search results. This hostel puts an additional premium on search engine ranking for which webmasters need to account.

A third point to consider is hostel management system project report mobile search queries tend to be extremely short, containing fewer keywords on average than their desktop-based counterparts. Data provided by Massachusetts-based mobile search solution provider JumpTap suggests hostel management system project report the average desktop search contains something between two and three keywords, whereas less than 15% of all searches carried out from mobile devices contain more than two

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keywords. The onus is on publishers to take account of this hostel by ensuring their content is highly focused, relevant, and preferably identifiable by a single keyword.

4.1.3 Feasibility studies: A feasibility study describes whether or not the proposed system is worthwhile A short focused study hostel management system project report checks   

If the system contributes to organizational objectives. If the system can be engineered using technology and within budget. If the system can be integrated with other systems hostel management system project report are used.

Facts considered in the feasibility analysis were. 

Technical Feasibility



Economic Feasibility



Behavioural Feasibility

Technology and system feasibility The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This hostel can be quantified in terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, etc. in order to estimate whether the new system will perform adequately or not. Considering our project if is technically feasible. Mobile based search Engine App using Android which is a latest idea and the mobile applications here are developed in the Adobe flash builder burrito which contains all SDK’s of the Android OS and supports android applications. This hostel software is technically well and high in performance. It has got many features like buttons, layouts, designs etc.,

Economic feasibility: Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings

hostel management system project report are

expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. Considering our project the android is one of the best operating system in mobile phones used to develop 35

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the applications which runs on the mobile platform, which serves people a good scope of development in the software field and also it attracts the users. Android mobiles weigh low cost then i-Phones and other mobile operating system. Low cost easy access to the internet with search engine App’s and fast fetching results now within your mobile.

Operational feasibility Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development. Proposed system here is being developed in the Adobe Flash Builder Burrito which is the latest version of Adobe which supports android applications. Adobe Flash Builder (previously known as Adobe Flex Builder) is an integrated development environment (IDE) built on the Eclipse platform and speeds development of rich Internet applications (RIAs) and platform desktop, particularly for the Adobe Flash platform. Adobe Flash Builder offers built-in code editors for MXML and Action Script and a WYSIWYG editor for modifying MXML applications. Adobe Flash Builder includes an interactive debugger allowing developers to step through code execution while inspecting variables and watching expressions. Flex Builder 3 added support for performance analysis.

4.1.4 MODULES USER MODULE This hostel module will maintain all the users using this hostel application. Generally there are two types of user. 

Users



Administrator

SEARCH MODULE

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a. Integrate global (web) search into your application. b. Enable your application c. Tie into the quick search box

DATABASE MODULES This hostel module maintains the list of files uploaded by the user. Administrator can remove any file hostel management system project report on complain from any user.

4.2.1 Search Engine: A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented in a list of results and are often called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input.

Crawler Architecture:

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High-level architecture of a standard Web crawler

A Web crawler is a computer program

hostel management system project report

browses the World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner or in an orderly fashion. Other terms for Web crawlers are ants, automatic indexers, bots, Web spiders, Web robots, or—especially in the FOAF community—Web scutters. This

hostel process is called Web crawling or spidering. Many sites, in

particular search engines, use spidering as a means of providing up-to-date data. Web crawlers are mainly usedto create a copy of all the visited pages for later processing by a search engine hostel management system project report will index the downloaded pages to provide fast searches. Crawlers can also be used for automating maintenance tasks on a Web site, such as checking links or validating HTML code.

Focused crawling: The importance of a page for a crawler can also be expressed as a function of the similarity of a page to a given query. Web crawlers hostel management system project report attempt to download pages hostel management system project report are similar to each other are called focused crawler or topical crawlers. The concepts of topical and focused crawling were first introduced by Menczer and by Chakrabarti. The main problem in focused crawling is hostel management system project report in the context of a Web crawler, we would like to be able to predict the similarity of the text of a given page to the query before actually downloading the page. A possible predictor is the anchor text of links; this hostel was the approach taken by Pinkerton in a crawler developed in the early days of the Web.

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Propose to use the complete content of the pages already visited to infer the similarity between the driving query and the pages hostel management system project report have not been visited yet. The performance of a focused crawling depends mostly on the richness of links in the specific topic being searched, and a focused crawling usually relies on a general Web search engine for providing starting points.

URL normalization Crawlers usually perform some type of URL normalization in order to avoid crawling the same resource more than once. The term URL normalization, also called URL canonicalization, refers to the process of modifying and standardizing a URL in a consistent manner. There are several types of normalization hostel management system project report may be performed including conversion of URLs to lowercase, removal of "." and ".." segments, and adding trailing slashes to the non-empty path component.

Parallelization policy A parallel crawler is a crawler hostel management system project report runs multiple processes in parallel. The goal is to maximize the download rate while minimizing the overhead from parallelization and to avoid repeated downloads of the same page. To avoid downloading the same page more than once, the crawling system requires a policy for assigning the new URLs discovered during the crawling process, as the same URL can be found by two different crawling processes.

4.3Search Engine Optimization

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

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving the visibility of a website or a web page in search engines via the "natural" or Un-paid ("organic" or "algorithmic") search results. Other forms of search engine marketing (SEM) target paid listings.



In general, the earlier (or higher on the page), and more frequently a site appears in the search results list, the more visitors it will receive from the search engine's users. SEO may target



different kinds of search, including image search, local search, video search, news search and industry-specific vertical search engines. This hostel gives a website web presence.



As an Internet marketing strategy, SEO considers how search engines work, what people search for, the actual search terms typed into search engines and which search engines are preferred by their targeted audience. Optimizing a website may involve editing its content and HTML and associated coding to both increase its relevance to specific keywords and to remove barriers to the indexing activities of search engines. Promoting a site to increase the number of backlinks, or inbound links, is another SEO tactic.



The initialism "SEO" can refer to "search engine optimizers," a term adopted by an industry of consultants who carry out optimization projects on behalf of clients, and by employees who perform SEO services in-house. Search engine optimizers may offer SEO as a stand-alone service or as a part of a broader marketing campaign. Because effective SEO may require changes to the HTML source code of a site and site content, SEO tactics may be incorporated into website development and design.

4.4 Mobile Search Engine

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

Mobile search is an evolving branch of information retrieval services hostel management system project report is centered on the convergence of mobile platforms and mobile phones and other mobile devices. Web search engine ability in a mobile form allows users to find mobile content on websites which are available to mobile devices on mobile networks.

FIG 4.4 

As this hostel happens mobile content shows a media shift toward mobile multimedia. Simply put, mobile search is not just a spatial shift of PC web search to mobile equipment, but is witnessing more of treelike branching into specialized segments of mobile broadband and mobile content, both of which show a fast-paced evolution.

4.4.1 Types of mobile search Mobile optimized search engines - Most major search engines have implemented a mobile optimized version of their products hostel management system project report take into consideration bandwidth and form factor limitations of the mobile platform. Mobile question and answer services - This hostel services allow a user to text a question to a central database and receive a reply using text. A usage example would be a user hostel management system project report wants to know the answer to a very specific question but is not in front of his/her computer. Mobile navigation services - This hostel services provide the indexing structure to the portals provided by mobile operators. They index the content already on the operators' portal but alsoprovideusers access to mobile specific content

hostel management

system project report is available outside the confines of the portal.

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Mobile directory search - This hostel service is known by different names dependent on country and operator. It can also be known as 'Find My Nearest' or 'Mobile Yellow Pages' services. The basics of the services allow users to find local services in the vicinity of their current location.

Dynamic Mobile Selection Interface Services - A new category of mobile search tool hostel management system project report is emerging is one in which a pre-selected set of possible search content is downloaded in advance by a mobile user and then allows for a final internet search step.

FIG 4.4.1

4.4.2 Top 5 mobile search engines: Google Mobile: It starts out a bit confusing: When you first come to Google Mobile, you find no search box. Instead, Google pushes apps and a huge number of services. Click “Web” for web search. The search results are based on the principle of universal search: You get images, news, maps and more, depending on your query.

Taptu: Taptu is not as advanced as Google, but in most cases, it will provide just what you need. This hostel is a service hostel management system project report is tailored

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specifically for touch screens and it does a great job at simplifying web search on touch phones.

Yahoo! Mobile: Yahoo! Mobile offers much of the tools Google Mobile does (there is no speech search, though). In addition, there is a list of hot topics on the front page and easy access to turn on and off safe search.

Bing Mobile: Bing Mobile has a smart design which makes searching easy: There are quick links to directions, maps, weather and movies on the front page. The search results are not universal (like Google and Taptu), but tabs provide easy access to results in the categories videos, images and news.

Ask Mobile: I am generally a big fan of Ask, but Ask Mobile is not too impressive. The front page has convenient quick links to web, images, news, local and maps & directions. The search results are easy to navigate.

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CHAPTER-5

5.1 E-R Schema

FIG 5.1

Here is the backend schema, which contains the tables which we are using in the database. The data will be added in the data and will be arranged in the tables. Here we are using PHPMYADMIN to create our database. This hostel usually gives access from Xamppwhich acts as a server in the local host. Our database name here is “mobilesearchengine”.

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FIG 5.1.1

Here the admin has “HAS A” relation with the users, organization, jobs. This hostel tables contain their respective fields.

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5.2 UML diagrams 5.2.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM Use case diagrams are central to modeling the behavior of a system, a sub-system, or a class. Each one shows a set of use cases, actors and their relationships. In the below diagram we there are two actors (user and administrator) and 8 use case. The relationship between actor and the case is association. Here the user is associated with 7 cases and the administrator is associated with 5 cases.

FIG:5.2.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM

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FIG 5.2.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM

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5.2.2 CLASS DIAGRAM A class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, collaborations and their relationships. In this hostel application there are 5 main classes (application, user, administrator and services). All the classes specify their attributes and operations and their relationship with other classes. Application class has association relationship with user and administrator, this hostel mean user and administrator are related to application class because they use it. Services class is part of application class so they relationship is aggregation (“has-a”).

FIG 5.2.2 CLASS DIAGRAM

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5.2.3OBJECT DIAGRAM An Object diagram focuses on some particular set of object instances and attributes, and the links between the instances. Here there are four objects application, services, user and administrator. Services are a part of application so users who are connected to application are finally using the services. Therefore user and administrator are connected to the services object.

FIG .5.2.3 OBJECT DIAGRAM

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5.2.4 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM A sequence diagram emphasizes the time ordering of the messages. In the below diagram it is shown hostel management system project report any new user has to register/ login with the website, then only they can use services (like SMS, upload, download) of the website. They have to register for alerts at the website and then the administrator can send alerts to them regularly. They can contact the admin and can expect a reply to their message. On the other had the admin can view users delete them, monitor the files being uploaded, basically the admin has full access to the website. After using the services provided by the website, the user can logout.

FIG 5.2.4 SEQUENTIAL DIAGRAM

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5.2.5COLLABORATION DIAGRAM A collaboration diagram describes interactions among objects in terms of sequenced messages. Here collaboration diagram is another representation of sequence diagram. In the below diagram arrows represent the functions provided by one object to another.

FIG 5.2.5 COLLABORATION DIAGRAM

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5.2.6 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In this hostel system user first registers/log in but this hostel will be validated by the application. Before display any profile to the user the application will check the credentials once again. User has to user the application to send messages to mobile phones. The user has to subscribe for alerts for receiving alerts from the website (which will be sent from the admin of the website). Any changes in user data will be processed by the application and finally the user can Logout from the page

FIG 5.2.6 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM

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5.3 TABLE SPECIFICATION Table Name: Admin Field name

Data type

Size

Username

Varchar

50

Password

Varchar

10

Table Name: Users Field Name

Data type

Size

User_id

Varchar

50

Name

Varchar

50

Email_id

Varchar

50

password

Varchar

50

Gender

Varchar

50

Qualification

Varchar

50

Experience

Varchar

50

Salary

Varchar

50

Current_organization

Varchar

50

Current_location

Varchar

50

Image

Varchar

50

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Table Name: jobs Field Name

Data Type

Size

Job_id

Varchar

50

Job_title

Varchar

50

Job_description

Varchar

50

Company_id

Varchar

50

Location

Varchar

50

salary

Varchar

50

experience

varchar

50

Shift

varchar

50

gender

varchar

50

Table Name: Organization Field Name

Data Type

Size

Varchar

50

Varchar

50

Varchar

50

Varchar

50

org_name org_imag location strength

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CHAPTER 6 6.1 Coding /Code Templates Searching a Job

<span>

Admin Login

Search	:

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Adding Jobs
action="componentdb.php"

method="post"

name="f7"

enctype="multipart/form-data">

<strong> COMPONENT DETAILS
<strong>Component Type: <select name="ct1"> Image video

<strong>Component Name: <select name="cn1"> 2Dimage 3Dimage

<strong>Upload File:



<strong>Component properties: Imageformat:<select name="cpp1"> JPEG gif png pjpeg

Dimensions:<select name="cpp2"> 640*480 1024*768

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1275*1024 1600*900

video format:<select name="cpp3"> .avi .mp4 .mkv .wmv



<strong>component description: this hostel is image/video

Inserting values into the database
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$imageformat=$_POST['cpp1']; $dimensions=$_POST['cpp2']; $videoformat=$_POST['cpp3']; $description=$_POST['cd1']; $e="insert

into

component

values('','$type','$name','$image','$imageformat','$dimensions','$videoformat','$d escription')"; mysql_query($e); header('location:component.php'); } else { echo "Invalid file extension";}?>

View Jobs

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	<strong>Componenttype	<strong>Componentname	<strong>Image	<strong>Properties	<strong>Description
								"> " onclick="return deletecomponent()">

.

Editing Job
include '../lib/db.php';

$quer="select * from component where id=".$_REQUEST['id']; $r=mysql_query($quer); $result=mysql_fetch_array($r); ?>

Component type
Component name


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Changefile">
Image format
Dimensions
video format
Description

Deleting Jobs

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6.1.1 Back-End code analysis In the Back-end we have the following modules: LOGIN: The admin is the lone user of the back-end login. Once the admin logs in with the username and password, then the authentication is invoked. If the authentication is successful then the admin is allowed to proceed to the next pages.

Login:

Admin DataBase

Connect to home page

Admin

Enter user name &Pwd

Homepage

Code:
//For every login a new session will be generated and the session

terminates once the user logs out.

include'../lib/db.php';

//This hostel includes the db file which connects to the

database $sql="select * from admin where user_name='".$_REQUEST['username']."'AND password='".$_REQUEST['password']."'"; //This hostel query checks whether the entered

username and password are

present in the database table $result=mysql_query($sql); //Executes the query

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$y=mysql_fetch_row($result);//Fetches the records in array format

if(is_array($y)) { session_register('id');//If the array is built we register the session with a new id

$_SESSION['id']=$y[0];//Here we are assigning admin name to the sessionvariable

header("Location:index1.php");//If the username and password is valid the admin is redirected to the home page } else { header("Location:index.php");//If the username and password is not valid then admin is redirected to the login page }?>

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ADD:

Once the admin logs in he can add the user details(name, user name, password, school and class), school details(school name), curriculum details(curriculum name, image and the school name), class details(class, image, curriculum name), subject details(name, image, grade), chapter details(chapter name, image, subject id), content details(title, description, chapter) to the database.


//includes the db file which connects to the database

function add() { $sql="insert

into

users(name,

user_name,

password,

school_id,

class_id)

values('".$_POST['name']."','".$_POST['uname']."','".$_POST['pwd']."','".$_POST['se']. "','".$_POST['class']."')";

//inserts the values into the database table

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mysql_query($sql);

//executes the query

}?>

EDIT:

If any modifications are to be done to the existing data present in the database then the admin can edit the existing data and update in the database.


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?>

DELETE Admin can delete the data from the table in the database based on the condition given.


//includes the db file which connects to

database

function delete() { $sql="delete from subjects where sub_id=".$_REQUEST['id'];

//deletes

the data from the table based on the condition given mysql_query($sql);

//executes the query

} ?>

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6.1.2 Front End Code analysis Source: <s:MobileApplicationxmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009" xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark" firstView="views.mobileSearchEngineHome">

Mobilesearch:

<s:Viewxmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009" xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark" actionBarVisible="false" > <s:HTTPService method="POST" url="http://localhost/mobisearch/login.php" id="http"

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result="http_resultHandler(event)" fault="http_faultHandler(event)"> <s:requestxmlns=""> {username.text} <password> {password.text}


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publicvarsuc:Search = new Search(); protectedfunctionhttp_resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(event.result=="success"){ this hostel.removeAllElements() this hostel.addElement(suc); } else{ Error.text = "Incorrect credentials.." } } protectedfunctionhttp_faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub trace("failed"+event.fault); Error.text = "Connection failed" }

protectedfunctiontxt_username_focusInHandler(event:FocusEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(Error.text != ""){ Error.text = ""; }

}

]]>

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<s:Image width="100%" height="100%" scaleX="100" scaleY="102" scaleZ="1" source="@Embed(source='images/1.jpg')"/> <s:VGroup width="100%" height="100%" gap="10" horizontalAlign="center" verticalAlign="middle" > <s:HGroup width="100%" horizontalAlign="center"> <s:Label text="username"/> <s:TextInput id="username" color="#000000"

focusIn="txt_username_focusInHandler(event)"

/> <s:HGroup width="100%" horizontalAlign="center"> <s:Label text="password"/> <s:TextInput id="password" displayAsPassword="true" color="#000000"

focusIn="txt_username_focusInHandler(event)" /> <s:Label id="Error" color="#F70B0B"/> <s:HGroup width="100%" horizontalAlign="center"> <s:Image source="@Embed(source='images/2.png')" click="button2_clickHandler(event)" buttonMode="true" mouseChildren="false" />

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<s:Image source="@Embed(source='images/7.png')" click="button1_clickHandler(event)" buttonMode="true" mouseChildren="false" />





Search.mxml: <s:Viewxmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009" xmlns:s="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/spark" width="100%" height="100%" contentBackgroundColor="#ffffff" >
[Bindable] publicvarxmls:ArrayCollection;

protectedfunctionbtnSrch_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void

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{ // TODO Auto-generated method stub if(txtSrch.text != ""){ http.url

=

"http://localhost/mobisearch/search.php"; http.send(); } } protectedfunctionhttp_resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub httpXmlService.url = event.result.toString();

httpXmlService.send(); trace(event.result);

}

protectedfunctionhttp_faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub error.text = "error connecting to server ";

}

protectedfunctionhttpXmlService_resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub xmls

=

event.result.companies.companyasArrayCollection;

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}

protectedfunctionhttpXmlService_faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub trace("error"); }

protectedfunctionlblLogout_clickHandler(event:MouseEvent):void { // TODO Auto-generated method stub NativeApplication.nativeApplication.exit(); }

]]> <s:HTTPService id="http" result="http_resultHandler(event)" fault="http_faultHandler(event)">

<s:requestxmlns="">

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{txtSrch.text}

<s:HTTPService id="httpXmlService"

result="httpXmlService_resultHandler(event)" fault="httpXmlService_faultHandler(event)">

<s:VGroup width="100%" height="100%" gap="0"> <s:HGroup width="100%" horizontalAlign="right" paddingRight="10"> <s:Label id="error" maxWidth="350"/> <s:Label text="Logout" id="lblLogout" click="lblLogout_clickHandler(event)" buttonMode="true" mouseChildren="false" /> <s:HGroup width="100%" maintainProjectionCenter="true"> <s:TextInputcolor="#000000" width="90%"

id="txtSrch"/> <s:Image

width="71"

height="67"

click="btnSrch_clickHandler(event)"

source="@Embed(source='images/search_2.png')"/>

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<s:ListdataProvider="{xmls}" color="#000000" itemRenderer="renderers.tile" width="100%" height="100%"/>



Login
$host = "localhost"; $user = "root"; $pwd = ""; $db = "mobilesearch"; mysql_connect($host,$user,$pwd) or die (" connection error"); mysql_select_db($db) or die("db could not slectd");

//$query ="select * from manage_users where user_name=".$_POST['uname']."; $query

="select

*

from

users

where

name='".$_REQUEST['uname']."'

and

password='".$_REQUEST['password']."'"; $y=mysql_query($query); $x=mysql_fetch_array($y); if(is_array($x)) { /*$file_name=$x['userid'].".xml"; $xml_file=fopen($file_name,'w'); $data=''; $data.='<list>'; $data.='<user><userdetails>'; $data.=''.$x['user_name'].'';

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$data.='<sessid>'.$x['userid'].''; $data.=''; $query1

="select

friends,manage_users

manage_users.user_name,friends.friend_id where

friends.user_id=".$x['userid']."

from AND

friends.friend_id=manage_users.userid"; $f=mysql_query($query1); while($f_array=mysql_fetch_array($f)) {

$data.='<userdetails>'.$f_array['user_name'].'<sessid>'.$f_array ['friend_id'].''; } $data.=''; fwrite($xml_file,$data);*/ echo "success"; } else { print "failed"; } ?>

Search.mxml: '; $xml.='';

while($row=mysql_fetch_array($x)) { $xml.=''; $xml.=''.$row['job_id'].'';

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$xml.=''.$row['job_title'].''; $xml.=''; } $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $files=fopen('search.xml','w'); fwrite($files,$xml); echo 'http://localhost/mobisearch/search.xml'; ?>

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CHAPTER 7 TESTING Testing is a process to show the correctness of the program. Testing is needed to show completeness, t improve the quality of the software and to provide the maintenance aid. Some testing standards are therefore necessary reduce the testing costs and operation time. Testing software extends throughout the coding phase and it represents the ultimate review of configurations, design and coding. Based on the way the software reacts to this

hostel testing, we can decide whether the configuration

hostel

management system project report has been built is study or not. All components of an application are tested, as the failure to do so many results in a series of bugs after the software is put to use.

7.1 BLACKBOX TESTING Blackbox testing also called behavioral testing, focuses on the functional requirements of software. This hostel testing approach enables the software engineer to derive the input conditions

hostel management system project report will fully exercise all

requirements for a program. Blackbox testing attempts to find the errors like 

Incorrect or missing functions



Interface errors



Errors in data structures or external database access



Behavior or performance errors



Initialization and termination errors

In Blackbox testing software is exercised over a full range of inputs and outputs are observed for correctness.

7.2 WHITEBOX TESTING

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Whitebox testing is also called Glassbox testing is a test case design control; structure of the procedural design to derive test cases using Whitebox testing method, the software engineer can derive the test cases hostel management system project report guarantee hostel management system project report all independent paths within the module have been exercised at least once. Exercise all logic decisions on their true or false sides. Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds. Exercise internal data structure to ensure their validity.

7.3SOFTWARE TESTING STRATEGIES Testing involves 

Unit testing



Integration testing



Acceptance testing

The first level of test is unit testing. The purpose of unit testing is to ensure hostel management system project report each program is fully tested. The second step is integration testing. In this

hostel individual program units or

programs are integrated and tested as a complete system to ensure hostel management system project report the software requirements are met. Acceptance Testing involves planning and the execution of various types of tests in order to demonstrate

hostel management system project report the implemented

software system satisfies the requirements. Finally our project meets the requirements after going through all the levels of testing.

7.4 TESTING THE APPLICATION Application should be thoroughly tested before releasing it into the market. Testing will show if the application is delivering the expected results. In this hostel case we have given some wrong values to the application so hostel management system project report we can counter the errors produced by the application in such a case. Next topic is test cases, where 10 test cases are considered and checked if the test results are positive or not. 7.4.1 TEST CASES (FRONT END)

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Test case no

Test case name

Input

Actual value

Expected value

Test result

1

Login

Search

Provide Username and password Enter search query

Provide Username and password Search in Database and return results

No error

2

Username and password is blank Search for a Job in the database

No error

Table 7.4.1.1

7.4.2 TEST CASES(BACK END) Test case no

Test case name

Input

Actual value

Expected value

Test result

1

Admin Login

Username and

Provide name and password

Provide name and password

No error

User details are being provided Edit the required fields Delete the user record Job details are being provided

User details are being provided Edit the required fields Delete the user record Curriculum details are being provided Edit the required fields Delete the Job from the database Based on the Organization we add classes Edit the Organization based on the

No error

password is blank 2

Add users

The user fields are left blank

3

Edit users

Filled user fields are displayed

4

Delete users

User records

5

Add Job

The Job fields are left blank

6

Edit Job

Filled Job fields are displayed

7

Delete Job

Job details of the users

8

Add Organization

The Organization field is left blank

Edit Organization

Organization details are displayed

9

Edit the required fields Delete the Job from the database Based on the Organization we add classes Edit the Organization based on the

No error

No error No error

No error

No error

No error

No error

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10

Delete Organization

Organization details

requirement Delete the Organization

requirement Delete the Organization

No error

Table 7.4.2

CHAPTER-8 8.1 Application screen shots 8.1.1 Back End application screen shots

LOGIN PAGE

FIG 8.1.1

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Here the admin enters the username and password. This hostel directly connects to the database in the users tables look up in the table if the entered username and password is correct then the page is linked to another page

8.1.2 View Page

FIG 8.1.2 After login the page which is displayed is View user where the information of the users can be viewed i.e the users who logged into the database.

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8.1.3 Add user page

FIG 8.1.3

This hostel page used to add the users in the database and align the values in their particular table fields. To view the users who all logged in see view user.

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8.1.4 Add Job page

FIG 8.1.4

This hostel page is used to add jobs in the database. The jobs contains the fields where a user specify his/her requirements.

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8.1.5 View Jobs page

FIG 8.1.5

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Admin can view can jobs to which the user had applied all the time. This hostel records are maintained in the database.

8.1.6 Edit job page

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FIG 8.1.6 User can edit the jobs giving the details in the particular fields.

8.1.7 Delete Users page

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FIG 8.1.7 The admin can view and delete the job details to which a user had applied.

8.1.8 Log out page

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FIG 8.1.8

When we log out the page return back to the login page.

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8.2.1 Front end application screen shots Login page in Mobile

FIG 8.2.1

When we debug the application code the code starts executing. Here is the display of the application in the mobile.

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8.2.2 Action Page

FIG 8.2.2

Entering the username and password in the mobile app, this hostel will connect to the database of the sql from where it retrieves the data from it and executes the operation.

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8.2.3 Search Page in the Mobile

FIG 8.2.3 After successful sigin the page is displayed like this hostel. This hostel page contains a search image and text input where the user enters the keywords in the text box.

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8.2.4 Search field

FIG 8.2.4

Enter the keyword with you want to search the Jobs, The jobs which are starting with letter “h” are displayed first following others.

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CHAPTER 9 9.1 Conclusion By this hostel project, a unique search engine was presented for effective searching Of information through mobile interface. The engine adopts three methods for retrieval: two autonomousand one combinational. The ontology-based method makes use of the semantic mark-up metadata accompanying each collection where an illustrative user interface is used for graphical query formulation. The content-based method makes use of the low-level visual characteristics of the multimedia material while the hybrid method, which is the main contribution of this hostel work, makes a combined use of the previous two methods for offering a more complete result set to the user. Easy access and portability of the system also helps to increase the performance of the system in a better manner. Future work includes the extension of the hybrid search engine and the integration of additional cultural content. Finally we are investigating the addition of a semantic recommendation engine to be able to make additional query suggestions to the user in an automatic manner

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CHAPTER 10

10.1 Future Enhancements Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012 . The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the Android platform for every mobile operator, handset manufacturers and developers to build innovative devices.Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so they need to prepare for anything, including Android . Fujitsu launched an initiative to offer consulting and engineering expertise to help run Android on embedded hardware, which aside from cellphones, mobile internet devices, and portable media players, could include GPS devices, thin-client computers and set-top boxes. More Android devices are coming and some will push the envelope even further .

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Bibilography HTML: Website:www.w3schools.com

Text Book: WebTechnologies Author: Patrick Naughton and Herbert Schildt PHP:

Website: www.w3schools.com Text Book: Web Technologies Author: Patrick

MYSQL:

Naughton and Herbert Schildt

Website: www.google.com, Wikipedia Ref: Beaulieu, Alan (April 2009). Mary E Treseler. ed. Learning SQL Sebastopol, O’Reilly.

Adobe Flash builder Burrito

Website: www.google.com , Wikipedia , Learn Builder ,

Android

Website: http://www.google.com"Open Handset Alliance". Open Handset Alliance. http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/. Wikipedia, Youtube

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REFERENCES [1] James E. White. Mobile agents. In J. Bradshaw, editor, Software Agents, chapter 18, pages 437–472. AAAI/MIT Press, Menlo Park, CA, 1997.

[2] Volker Roth and MehrdadJalali. Concepts and architecture of a security-centric mobile agent server. In Proc. Fifth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS 2001), pages 435–442, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., March 2001. IEEE Computer Society. ISBN 0-7695-1065-5.

[3] Walter Binder and Volker Roth. Secure mobile agent systems using Java – where are we heading? In Proc. 17th ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, Special Track on Agents, Interactions, Mobility, and Systems (SAC/AIMS), Madrid, Spain, March 2002. ACM.

[4] S. G. Belmon and B. S. Yee. Mobile agents and intellectual property protection. In Rothermel and Hohl [22], pages 172–182.

[5] C. Arora, P. Nirankari, H. Ghosh, and S. Chaudhury. Content based image retrieval using mobile agents. In Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA ’99), pages 248–252, 1999.

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