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Unit - ii
Housing Types
Human Characteristics Of A Place
Attitudes Values Life style habits Equity of gender beliefs
Shaping of place
THE RELATION OF HOUSE AND SETTLEMENT: •The living pattern always extend beyond the house
house as part of total social system, and not to some extent, it is necessary to see
in isolation, which helps in understanding the relation of man to its settlement. •House is only a small part of large settlement. Moreover, each of the settlements has its own
customs, traditions, ideas.
Sectors of housing : private : fetch a land and construct public : government will have to come up with public housing -- Affordable housing
Housing Typology Based on
1. 2. 3. 4.
Number of units Physical Composition Structural Composition Functional / Activity
Housing unit types Detached unit
Semi detached unit
Attached unit
A detached home means that a home is free of any shared walls and stands alone.
Consists of pairs of houses built side-byside or (less commonly) back-toback, sharing a party wall and usually in such a way that each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin.
An attached home means that a home shares a common party wall usually on both sides of the property.
Single family
Multi family r d
1 Single Family House : Determine a single family dwelling are that it sits on its own piece of land and it is not attached to anyone else's residence. Free-standing or detached dwellings
Advantage
Disadvantag e
Own space / own property can be modified or improved
All maintenance and repair cost is own
2 Multi Family House : Determine more than 2 to 3 family dwelling as such of attached or semi detached housing. Attached or multi-user dwellings
Advantage
Disadvantag e
Subsidy of payments on mortgage.
Own responsible for maintenance
Attached
attached or multi-user dwellings based on Arranged typically along the
horizontal
• Attached / Semi detached • Row house/ town house/ terraced house
Arranged typically along the
vertical
• Duplex • Triplex • Apartment • -small apartment • -low rise • -mid rise • -high rise • -apartment over commercial
attached or multi-user dwellings based on 1. Twin house or semi-detached: One building consisting of two separate "houses", typically side by side, each with separate entrances and without common inside areas. Each of the two houses has separate owners. 2. Terraced house or Row house or Townhouses: houses attached to any number of other houses. Each house may have multiple floors, side by side, each with their own separate entrances. where a row of identical or mirrorimage houses share side walls.
horizontal
Arranged typically along the
vertical
1. Two - unite or Duplex house: A building basically like a house, built on a house lot, consisting of an apartment taking up the first floor, and another taking up the second floor. usually a common basement, a common front entrance, foyer, and stairs to the second floor, and often a similar back entrance, foyer, and stairs.
2. Three- unite or Triplex: A building similar to the duplex, except there are three apartments over each other.
3. Apartment building: A building with multiple
floors containing multiple houses on each floor. Apartment building can range in many sizes, some with only a few houses, other with hundreds of apartments on many floors, or any size in between.
Types of housing Incremental house Villa Apartment Core housing Cooperative Condominiums Town house
Villa Vacant land house Ornamental garden
Independent housing surrounded by open space •small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified •Only people who can afford the transport easily
Initial villas were,
• Symmetrical in plan • services in basement • Styles : Greek, colonial , gothic, victorials, asymmetrical, sloped roof
Open space
Open space
apartment •A multi story development •Space standards Planning of apartment: • Linear, • radial , • dumb-belled
Types: • • • • •
Based on BHK Based on floors
Serviced apartment Studio apartment 1BHK 2BHK 3BHK
Characteristics: •Shared facilities • Parking • Vertical transition
Duplex Garden studio Pent house Luxury apartment
Duplex
Core housing Shared resources and community living
Concept: People should stay near by or in any place as a temporary structure to construct their house.
Land for construction is given in loan along with materials. Government will facilitate but wont give them full support.
Basic principles: •Minimal unit •Highering a skilled work, training given to the people / owner. •Sufficient space for expansion •Building materials are available locally. •Provision of basic facilities like water supply and sanitation
Disadvantage : •More usage of land •Alterations can not be done for high rise building
Cooperative housing •Housing facility in a group LIG & MIG •Financially lesser burden •Low – interest loans are possible. Common area ownership is shared
Employee housing •Employer will provide the housing for employee Ex : police quart, contract workers, residence for judges.
Condominiums : condominiums are apartments that have been converted over the years. Extends inward from your interior walls, floors and ceilings. In addition, of the exterior structure (the foundation, exterior walls and roof) as well as any common areas and amenities (for example, swimming pools, clubhouses, tennis courts, play areas, etc.)
Townhouses : Townhouses often can make an excellent "middle ground" between a detached single family home and a full fledged condominium because, to some degree, they offer attributes of both. a townhouse as a home that is attached to one or more other houses, but which sits directly on a parcel of land that can also own (if the land is not owned then, it is a condominium). Townhouses can ranges from duplexes and triplexes all the way through huge townhouse communities consisting of hundreds of similar homes.
Gated community concept : • 2 to 3 houses in a row •Some common activities •Separate open space •Initially :- grid iron pattern of settlement. •Now :- organic pattern
Villa’s next concept : •Then came the concept of apartment MULTI STORY DEVELOPEMENT
Affordability: Adequate shelter Low cost Housing
Objective : Is to enable large number of families with available resources.
Methods of cost reduction : 1. Of all components of housing. 2. Through beneficiary community participation. 3. Attempts to thwart labor. 4. Need for extension of work. 5. Building centers and technology.
Economic factors: 1. Constitute the major investment 2. Multiple role of housing -employment facilities -Accelerating economic growth in building industry. -Maintaining social ability. -Maintaining health. -Improving & augmenting the national economy.
Other factors to be considered : • Type of building, stds, technology, dependence of import, etc affect the quality and unit price of the material & components. • The wages & productivity of building labor are affected by the technology used, degree of mechanization, skill, social overheads, etc. • The contractor overheads & profits. • Taxation & finance are conditioned by Govt
SLUMS : Any area unfit for human habitation by reason of•- dilapidation, •Overcrowding, •faulty arrangement and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, •Lack of ventilation, •light or sanitation facilities, or any combination of above factors, are detrimental to safety, health or morals,
“UN Habitat” define slum as “as a group of individuals living under the same roof that lack one or more (in some cities, two or more) of the following conditions: i. security of tenure, ii. structural quality and iii. durability of dwellings, iv. access to safe water, v. access to sanitation facilities and vi. sufficient living area.