Impact Of Facebook

1 Abstract: Social media are web-based services or networking sites that mainly connect individuals and through which people can express their opinions and feelings regarding any contemporary issues. The pattern of use of social networking sites like “Facebook” varies from person to person. Every user has some sort of purposes behind of using social media such as commercial purpose, educational purpose or recreational purpose. However, this study will be carried out with the aim of examining the nature of the use of social media, mainly Facebook, of the students of University of Dhaka. In order to find out the pattern of using social media, survey method will be used as a most widely used method in social sciences. As an effective data collection tool, a mixed questionnaire will be developed based on previous researches and literatures. As a sample of the study 100 current students from the different departments of Faculty of Social Science of University of Dhaka will be selected using weighted stratified sampling method where the sample ratio is expected to be 50/50 (Male/Female). This is an endeavor to explore the current trends and pattern of using social media among the students in the light of the previous studies.

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2 Introduction: Do you know what is considered as the Oxygen of young generation? Yes, this is facebook, which is the most used social media throughout the world. Bangladesh is not out of the purview of this craze. Vindication of the previously mentioned statement is proved through the current second ranking of Bangladesh in using facebook. As Dhaka University is the focal point of Bangladesh, it is not backward to adopt the latest version of social media, Facebook. Student without facebook identity is rare in this institution. Trend of using Social network tools like Facebook, twitter has become very pertinent and integral part of daily communication. Most of the students of DU use facebook via smart phone, the other surf it on the personal computer and laptop. However, the nature and degree of using this media vary from faculty to faculty and even department to department. It is so due to the variance of pressure of study based on department. This social networking based young generation in most of the cases put threat to the future of their family. This is so due to the background dream of the family. However, living in dreamy world of facebook, students seldom knock their study even their parents. Social networking based society is being substitute of knowledge-based society. Therefore, drastic move from different corner of the society should be taken on this issue.

2.1

Statement of the Problem:

Usage pattern of facebook vary person to person. Users can communicate their desired person in a knock using facebook, personal profile of an user is based on spreading variety of pages, blogging sites, video made on special reason, sharing personal photo and feelings at different times. They can introduce themselves with the text and picture. In spite of, having many positive aspects of this social networking, it shows adverse indication among students of Dhaka University. It is said that more inclination to Facebook, often disrupts normal flow of interpersonal relationship, academic study, keeping good health etc. Many experts in their studies suggested increasing family recreation arrangements, to nurture the culture of cultural programs including poem reciting, essay competition, sports, study tour, musical program, dancing program, staging drama and so on. Young generation goes to astray due to having insufficient arrangements of sound recreational items aforementioned.

2.2 Justification of the Problem: Social networking provokes the student to be more active, well informed, and well attached with the changing fashion and technology. Information through social network gets viral within a Page 2 of 18

minute. Communication gape decreased too in a greater scale. It helps student to be well known doing some charity work using this platform. However, as we know the role of Dhaka University students is worth importance in Bangladesh. As the central source of intellectuals of Bangladesh is this university, time management in student life is a priceless thing. This social networking site like facebook gives one the opportunity to make new friends, renew old friends, building love relationship with local and foreign girl. Nothing becomes useless within its controlled ambit. Students presently pass a remarkable portion of time on facebook. However, it is a matter of alarm that most of the students are addicted to Facebook. They indiscriminately spend their valuable time every now and then. Even it is also seen that students now a days have started using facebook in the mosque. In a word, they have become Facebook freak. The expense of purchasing books is being replaced by the expense of purchasing internet data. Now, many students are involving in dirty pages and groups, cybercrime, fake relation, spreading rumor and unrest and even terrorist activities. Being excessive virtual, the natural bondage of friends and relatives is weakening in a great extent. The Students are so busy with the virtual device that they cannot interact even with their parents enough. Consequently, a gap between the students and their guardian is created. Therefore, to explore the underlying truths of such abnormal fascination to Face book, a comprehensive study is the demand of time.

3 Research Objective: 1. To see the pattern and purpose of using social network by students 2. To find out the purpose of using social network by students 3. To identify the variation in use of social network due to the academic maturity of the students. 4. To see the differences of using social network from gender perspective 5. To explore the changes in the pattern of interpersonal relationship and communication. 6. To examine the effect of social network on the academic performance of the students.

4 Research Question: 

What are the purposes of using social network of the students?



What is the effect of social network on the academic performance of students?

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

Is there any change in the pattern of interpersonal relationship and communication caused by social network?



Is there any variation in use of social network due to the academic maturity of the students?

5 Operational Definition: Nature: Nature differs from person to person. So in general we can see different types of nature of students in case of using social network.

Student: It is known to all that student means who is studying in enrolled school, college or university. In our study we will focus on the students of University of Dhaka specially the students of social science faculty to know their nature of use of social network.

Nature of use: Nature of use means how something is used, the process, the details of use. In this study, our target is to find out the nature of use of social network specifically Facebook. So we will try to see how students use it that means what they like to do in facebook , how much time they spend for it, why they prefer facebook as social network, their purpose, pattern of use, frequency of use etc.

Social Network: In our study we will concentrate on Facebook as the most popular social networking site which is used both for multipurpose.

6 Literature Review: Dhaka is ranked 2nd position among top cities with active facebook users after Bangkok. ( The Daily Star). 80% of internet users are on facebook according to Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission.( Business Habit). Facebook is giving the opportunity to all to communicate with their friends within second, and that lead them to build relation with known as well as unknown which give them the opportunity to access various culture and others. Page 4 of 18

Boyd and Ellison (2007) described facebook as a web based services that allows individual people to make a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system articulate a list of other users with whom they share a view and connection. It gives a platform through which youth generation can chat, share various scraps, videos, pictures, upload profile/ cover photo, comment, tag, like, dislike etc.( Chowdhury & Saha).

Facebook has become a worldwide phenomenon for individual which has changed to become a social norm and existence-style for students around the world (Nicole, 2007). According to Nicole, (2007), students and teenagers have especially recognized these social media platforms to be able to contact their peers, share information, reinvent their personas and showcase their social live. As well as accoding to Konetes and McKeague in 2011, came up with certain revelations about the uses of the social networking sites especially, facebook, The researchers reported that,„„students are using Facebook and other channels to develop their identities, beliefs and stances on various issues. Social Network improve a student‟s sense of community, sharing and collaboration that brings an additional responsibility and workload. (Minocha, 2009).

According to Brennan (2001) and Notle (2009) social networking help in the school and universities to leverage and complement formal education activities and enhance learning outcomes. In other words, Social networking can provide opportunities for new relationships as well as strengthening existing relationships. Also, Joseph Barker (2013) noted that social media offers plenty of opportunities for learning and interactivity and it is not too hard to see how students and its users benefits from using social media. Joseph said that they are learning and adapting to the world using a relatively new form of communication.

On the other hand, Having positive interpersonal relationships is an important predictor of well being (Hartup & Stevens, 1999) and can buffer individuals from many of the key stressors that characterize the transition from childhood to adulthood (Bukowski, 2001: Hartup, 2000). Social networking generally, has been found to strengthen individual interpersonal relationships.( Gross, 2004).

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Along with this, Email, instant messaging and social networking can address new barriers people may face to forming and maintaining public places together, limited transport to get there, and time free of structured activities such as school and sport. Social networking sites have caused some problems for their users, individuals, families, groups and students. Most of their users , these days, prefer to communicate via the sites rather via face-to-face contact or oral communication, thus, making social network their preferred socializing forces. Additionally, social networking sites likeFacebook and Twitter create the illusion of familiarity and intimacy on the internet. The result is that people may be inclined to share information on which they would have preferred to keep private. (Omekwu, Eke and Odoh). Social Networking sites like facebook has different usage among the students. It‟s a technology that is available in their hand and they can use it according to their wish. Some researcher founded that social networking has a very important role in the academic life of the student, and some stated that SN has a great impact on the health, relationship and others. In this paper we are trying to see the pattern of usage among the DU students and what is the effect of fb on them, it may be positive or negative.

7 Conceptual Framework: The use of Social Network such as Facebook, Twitter has become a popular and integral part of everyday communication of the students of Dhaka University. Vast majority are engaging on a daily basis with Social networking via a computer or mobile phone. The area is now a significant emerging field of research and studies identifying the negative impacts as well as benefits associated with social networking. The following paper summarizes current indication concerning the enabling effects of Social networking in the context of everyday lives of the students of Dhaka University. This framework encompasses the conceptual briefing of significant variables and their interrelationship. The report draws upon a clear image of impacts of SN on students identifying the behavioral changes and pattern of relationship and addressing the knowledge gaps.

7.1 Social Networking: Social Network is generally an online-based service or site which gives the opportunity to people to create and maintain interpersonal relationships. Social networking services can be defined as a Page 6 of 18

web-based service that permits individuals to create a profile (either public or semi-public) within bounded system (terms and policy). The sites communicate a list of other users with whom they share a connection. Users view and go across their list of connections and those made by others. The nature of uses and pattern of these connections may vary from site to site (Boyd & Ellison 2007).In addition to communication, Social networking enables the creation and sharing of a variety of content like podcast, illustration, blogs, video, photos and more. Social network sites consist of personal profiles of users (Pempek et al. 2009). Users of social network present oneself to others through their self-constructed profile showing text and pictures. They view and comment on the presentations of other users, and they deal with others‟ comments on their own presentations (Espinoza and Juvonen 2011; Pempek et al. 2009).

7.2 Interpersonal Relationship: It is the social associations, connections or affiliations between two or more people . It includes friendships, family, romantic relationships, professional relationships, neighbors etc. Social network system works through the interpersonal relationship of the actors. „A social network consists of a set of actors (“nodes”) and the relations (“ties” or “edges”) between these actors‟ (Wasserman & Faust, 1994).

7.3 Using Pattern of Social Network by Students: Nowadays a large quantity of students of DU use social network like Facebook, Twitter etc. using Computer or Mobile phone. They spend a remarkable amount of time on these sites. An study conducted on European adolescents shows that 70 % of European adolescents aged 14–17 use social network sites and 40 % of these users spend over 2 hours per day on these websites (Tsitsika et al. 2014). In this paper we will conduct an in-depth surveillance on DU students to know the pattern of usage of social network.

7.4 Academic Performance: Academic performance is one of the key priorities of students. It is the extent to which a student has achieved their short or long-term educational goals such as CGPA, regularity, analytical ability and profuse knowledge about the theories and practices of his own subject and subjects interrelated to it. Generally academic performance is measured by the final grade earned in the course. The GPA is a better measurement because it provides a greater insight into the relative level of performance of individuals and different group of students. Academic performance Page 7 of 18

could be represented by academic achievement of grades and cognitive performance and it is determined by environmental factors such as socioeconomic levels as well as each individual characteristics including aptitude and emotional factors (Van Dijk&De Groot, et al. 2014). Adequately controlled use of the internet as information and communication technologies could provide many opportunities including improvement of academic achievements (Fonda EE, 2015).Using social network affects academic performance in a great extent. In this report we will extract the negative and positive effects of social network on academic performance.

7.5 Academic Maturity: It depicts the difference in standard of students in the university. It is the hierarchy on the basis of seniority of a student. Generally a second year student is mature in comparison with a first year student. The extent and purpose of using social network varies with the difference and of standard of students. A first year student may find the sphere useful for increasing communication and generating recreation while a fourth year student may find it useful for career related contents.

7.6 Communication: It‟s a process of exchanging information between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior. Communication is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning (Pearson & Nelson, 2000). Communication is not only a process of exchanging (encoding- decoding) information but also creating a shared meaning. Social network is a significant means of communication. Students generally use social network to communicate with their mate to discuss study. They can contact even with their teachers via social network. In this report we‟ll try to find the pattern of communication among the students through social network and how social network affects the natural way of communication.

8 Theoretical Framework: For explaining our research we will use Media System Dependency (MSD) theory or simply Media Dependency Theory which was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin Defleur in 1976. This theory is a systematic approach to study of the effects of mass media on audiences. According to this theory, media, audience and broad societal system have a dependency relationship with each other. In our modern information based society, Page 8 of 18

industrialization have decreased the influence of inter personal communication and therefore people tend to develop a dependency relationship on media to satisfy a variety of their needs. Consequently the role of media system and its effect on people is also increased. The Media dependency theory assumes that “more a person depends on media to meet needs, the more important media will be in a person`s life and therefore the more effects media will have on a person”. Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin Defleur described two specific conditions under which people`s media needs and consequently people dependency on media and therefore probable effects of media are heightened. Two basic proposition of the theory which heightened media need, are: i)

The number of media and centrality of media functions in a society are high

ii)

The grater the instability of a society, the greater the audience`s dependency on the media.

Little-John (2002) also explained that people will become more dependent on the media that meet a number of their needs than on the media that meet a number of their needs than on the media that touch only a few needs. The more an individual relies on the media for the expression of thought and sharing of ideas, the more that individual is influenced by the media. Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin Defleur discussed about three types of effects – cognitive, behavioral and affective effects which media put upon people. The more people depend on social media, the more their attitudes, cognition, emotional states or behavior will change. In our present world, social networks are the most popular means of communication. People use various sites of social network for both interpersonal and public communication. Social networks

are modern interactive communication channels through

which people connect to one another, share ideas, experiences, pictures, messages and information of interest. Facebook is the most popular and most used social network sites because of its applicability for various purposes. Especially students now a day use Facebook for various purposes like for academic discourse, interpersonal communication, sharing information, views and ideas. Their pattern of usages of Facebook is also different from one another. Consequently effects of Facebook or social network are also different on them. The general or overall objective of our research is to identify the usage pattern of Facebook by students of Dhaka University and to see its impact on them. For this, several independent variables have been chosen to justify the dependant variable of the study. Through Page 9 of 18

identifying the frequency and duration of usage and explaining their activity in social media we will try to identify the usage pattern of social media of students. This identification will help us to find out the various effects of social

media such as effects on academic life and

interpersonal relationship as well as communication pattern of the students. Therefore, we will use Media System Dependency Theory which is related to our study and will be helpful for explaining our study problem.

9 Analytical Framework: An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of the relevant literature and existing theory on social networking. All these endeavors are aimed at assessing the variables of the study on nature of the use of social network by students. Once the data will be available for the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete variables to the dependent variable of the nature of the use of social network.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Pattern of usage Frequency of usage Activities on social network Time and Duration of usage Purpose of the use based on academic maturity

Effect on Academic Performance

Figure: Variables of the Research. Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of social networking are available for convenience we have only selected the above mentioned five variables.

10 Research Methodology: 10.1 Research Design and Method: Research method is the functional action strategy to conduct the study in the light of the theoretical framework and research questions or imposed hypothesis (Aminuzzaman, 2011). In Page 10 of 18

every research, a certain research method and design have to be followed to conduct the study. This study is a combined approach of qualitative and quantitative design. However, the selection of research method mostly depends on the nature of the issue or the problem being studied. Sometimes a single method cannot demonstrate the fact properly. Every research method has some sorts of limitations. In order to ensure methodological soundness, the researchers of the social sciences use a combined method and devise an inclusive research style. Moreover , it is assumed that survey method is one of the most commonly used methods in social sciences. It helps the researcher to identify not only the variables which are inter-related but also how those relationship take shape over time. For this very reason, this study will be conducted through employing the survey method to find out the intended outcome and relationship among the variables.

10.2 Sources of Data: To serve the purpose of this study, necessary data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources. Quantitative primary data will be gathered from the potential respondents through conducting the survey. On the other hand, essential and relevant secondary data will be retrieved from various sources. It includes books, academic journals, articles and other published documents and relevant reports.

10.3 Data Collection Method: Data collection is the most phase of the research. There are several modes of data collection. A researcher has to consider many things like types of information needed, availability of data, budgetary support as well as the timeframe of the research, to choose a particular method. Among the leading data collection methods, questionnaire is a very effective tool that facilitates in collecting data from large, diverse and widely dispersed sample (Aminuzzaman, 2011). Tull and Kawkins (1990) said that the survey method can supply researchers with data on attitude, feelings, beliefs and Envisioned behavior. Hence, the assembling of different kind of info from the respondents, questionnaires will be appropriate for this research which will enable get the actual info from the target population. In this study, a semi-structured questionnaire will be constructed to gather the empirical data. It will be a mixed questionnaire with the combination of both open and close-ended questions.

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10.4 Sampling Method: Sampling is the process of picking up the suitable respondents from the population under study. Samples of a study represent the entire community and reflect the belief, nature, interest of the study population. There are several types of sampling methods which are commonly used to choose the sample. In this research, weighted stratified sampling method will be used which is a technique to choose an equal number of items from each group. Targeted respondents will be picked up randomly through maintaining an equal ratio of male and female students.

10.5 Sample size & Research Area: Validity and accuracy of the research findings highly depend on the size and homogeneity of the sample. This study will be conducted on the students of Dhaka University. 100 students will be chosen as the sample of the study. To ensure the homogenous character of the samples, The potential students will be chosen from different departments of the faculty of social sciences. To fulfill the provision of the objectives, 50 male students and 50 female students will be taken as a sample. SL. No.

Sex of the Respondents

Distribution of sample

1.

Male

50

2.

Female

50

Total

100

Table 1: Distribution of sample

11 Limitations and weakness of the study: The purpose of this research is to find out the nature of use of social network (facebook) of students of Dhaka University by using questionnaire survey under the survey method. But some limitations and weakness will always prevail in every research. There can be various possible limitations to this study based on the situation and nature of the respondents as well as their nature of using this popular social networking media. Some possible limitations and weakness can be listed following:  As a new comer in the research field it cannot be expected that one‟s overall research will be perfect. We will be unable to collect enough information due to academic schedule of the students of those departments under the social science faculty because most of the departments follow the semester system to run their academic program in a Page 12 of 18

year where students remain always in pressure with various academic activities like midterm exam, class test, assignment, presentation, viva, field work, final exam and others related to the department. So we cannot be insisted them to provide time for collecting information if they are not interested.  The student status will be one of the barriers to collect data because respondents will not be paid proper importance to our words or questionnaire as we are not professional researchers.  Time and finance are related to this study. It will not be possible for us as a student to collect and expend huge amount of money within this limited time for conducting the research. 

Questionnaire, the data collection tool of the research will be mixed ended which is constructed by the both of close and open ended questions. Using close ended questions also means the limitation of choice for the respondents as they are forced to choose an answer from the options provided by the researcher. This means that some possible answer will remain outside of the study and as a result research will be somewhat incomplete. On the other hand using open ended questions mean that some options are available for the respondents to express their desire opinion but problem is that it will be made someone more interested to provide exaggerated as well as irrelevant information or be made someone apathy to answer the questions which will be both time consuming for researchers to find out the exact information and difficult to collect enough information for apathy of the respondents.

 In simple random sampling under probability sampling method with 100 respondents it cannot be possible to keep balance in case of gender, department, semester or year of the students during picking up the respondents. There is no guarantee that we will be able to cover that biggest sample size in limited time period to provide a desired outcome in the form of research.  The respondents may not give true answer about their nature of using face book. Excessive addiction in using social media, personality, characteristics, entertainment behavior, gender, educational level, geographical area, age and educational tools of departments may be influenced the nature of the use of Face book of the students of existing departments under the social science faculty. It will be difficult to find out exact Page 13 of 18

information and present condition of using face book from 100 respondents by using questionnaire survey if they are not interested to co-operate in each question or hide important information. In this case we cannot be forced students for desired information to find out how face book has bought changes in life style or academic life as well as pattern of relationship of the students. On the other side it is quite impossible to visit each profile of every respondent. It is known to interesting that many students have several numbers of face book ID in different name.  It can also be happened that some of the selected respondents have no face book ID or they are not interested to open it and use it as a popular communication media in time. In this situation the purpose of the research may derail in the initial stage of the conducting research.

12 Data Processing & Analysis Plan: In order to get meaningful inferences and comprehensive conclusion, the collected data must be processed properly and analytically presented (Aminuzzaman, 2011). Therefore, this is the core part of the entire study. In this regard, to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part. Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field and in the light of our research questions and objectives. We will use Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel as well Microsoft Access. To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS software also. The data processing and analysis will go through following these sequential steps.

Setp-1 Step-2

• Preparing the Data for Analysis • Analysing the Data

• Interpretaion & Reporting the Findings Step-3 Figure: Steps of data analysis.

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To interpret the data to be gathered, we will use the following statistical formulae: Percentage – to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire.

Percentage (%) =

𝑛

× 100

𝑁



n – Number of responses



N – Total number of respondents

To generate the mean value of different variables of the collected perceptions, the following formula also will be used.

Mean (𝑥) = 

X=Values of responses



n= Total Number of respondents

𝑥 𝑛

Furthermore, how data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below. Data collection

Secondary sources: Books, journal, internet

Primary Sources: Questionnaire, interview, discussion, observation

Analyzing data

Findings Figure : An overview of data analysis plan.

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13 Implementation Time Frame: Timeframe

Activities

2nd week of October

Data collection

3rd week of October

Data Processing

November to first week of December 3rd week of December

Writing the individual research report Submission of individual report

Social networks like Facebook, Twitter are modern interactive communication channels through which people connect to one another, share ideas, experiences, pictures, messages and information. Facebook is the most widely used social networking sites among students and young generations. Though there are enough research works on social networks, number of research specifically on Facebook is very limited. So it has increased our interest to find out the nature of usage of Facebook among students and its impact on their academic life. But like all other researcher, we also have some limitations. It will not be an easy task to conduct this research within a short period of time. We will try to maintain ethical standards at the time of conducting the research. As the existing literature on this topic is very limited so we think that our research will bring some new information which will contribute to the existing literature.

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14

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

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

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Colás-Bravo, Pilar, Teresa González-Ramírez, and Juan de-Pablos-Pons. "Young People And Social Networks: Motivations And Preferred Uses." Comunicar 20.40 (2013): 1523. Web.

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