Introduction To Special And Inclusive Education

Foundation of Special & Inclusive Education CS 3 Education 3 Students

Concept of Diversity ▪encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences.

Diversity • It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual.

Loden’s Diversity Wheel

Loden’s Diversity Wheel • Loden's depiction of important groupbased differences was the Diversity Wheel, a model that pointed to what is core to our social identities, the ways in which people derive a sense of self when identifying with certain groups.

Abilitiesvs. (Dis)Abilities • To LABEL OR NOT TO LABEL? • “DisabledChildren” • “Children with Disabilities” • “Children with Special/Exceptional (Educational) Needs” • “To Label vs. Not to Label” • “Person first” • “Children with Additional Needs”

Categories of Learners with Special Educational Needs (Per CHED CMO No. 77, s. 2017)

• Learners who are Gifted and Talented • Learners with Difficulty Seeing • Learners with Difficulty Hearing • Learners with Difficulty Communicating • Learners with Difficulty Walking/Moving • Learners with Difficulty Remembering and Focusing • Learners with Difficulty with Self-care

Special Educational Needs in other Contexts • A. Situated in Armed Conflicts • B. Members of Minority Groups (extreme poverty and neglect)

A. Situated in Armed Conflicts • Socially Maladjusted

• aggressive and willfully disobey authorities • follow their own rules and repeatedly violate social and moral conventions • behaviors that are willful, deliberate, planned, or otherwise within the control of the student. • pattern of engagement in purposive antisocial, destructive and delinquent behavior

A. Situated in Armed Conflicts • Emotionally Disturbed

• display symptoms of anxiety, depression and low self-‐esteem • socially withdrawn, nervous, and lacking in self-confidence • inability to form interpersonal relationships • worry excessively, present with physical complaints, and display feelings of inferiority in social situations

A. Situated in Armed Conflicts • Difficult Circumstances • children who are abandoned, neglected and abused whether physically, verbally or sexually

Reflection: • The House of Representatives has approved the lowering of Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility(MACR) from 15 years old to 12 years old. As a future teacher(and probably a parent),how do you react to this policy shift?

Why educate children with special needs? • Learners with special educational needs have a right to be educated alongside their peers who do have special needs –matter of equity and social justice

Equality

Equity

Justice

Equality VS Equity

Normalization • As making “the regular circumstances and way so life or society”available to individuals with learning difficulties (Nirje1980)

• Normalization movement began in the 1960s and 1970s in Scandinavia, with other European countries and the United States.

Adoption of International Agreements • UN Conventions on the Rights of the Child (1989) • World Declaration on Education for All (1990) • UNESCO Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action(1994) • Adoption of International Agreements