Kosa Kata

Kosakata Bahasa Inggris - Kata Benda No

Kata benda

In English

No

Kata benda

In English

1

Bandara

Airport

26

Sabun

Soap

2

Buku

Book

27

Kabel

Cable

3

Pria

Man

28

Bus

Bus

4

Wanita

Woman

29

Sepeda

Bicycle

5

Kebahagiaan

happiness

30

Mobil

Car

6

Udara

Air

31

Topi

Hat

7

Gas

Gas

32

Pesta

Party

8

Meja

Table

33

Dompet

Wallet

9

Kursi

Chair

34

Pintu

Door

10

Lemari

Cupboard

35

Jendela

Window

11

Cuaca

Weather

36

Tembok

Wall

12

Hari

Day

37

Kamar

Room

13

Bulan

Month

38

Kapal layar

Sailing boat

14

Tahun

year

39

Matahari

Sun

15

Komputer

Computer

40

Bola

Ball

16

Televisi

Television

41

Uang

Money

17

Tas

Bag

42

Gula

Sugar

18

Kayu

wood

43

Anak-anak

Children

19

Hutan

Forest

44

Ayah

Father

20

Tumbuhan

Vegetation

45

Ibu

Mother

21

Hewan

Animal

46

Kakek

Grandfather

22

Listrik

Electricity

47

Nenek

Grandmother

23

Langit

Sky

48

Istri

Wife

24

Petir

Thunderbolt

49

Suami

husband

25

sapu

Broom

50

Buah

Fruit

Kosakata Bahasa Inggris - Kata Kerja Kata kerja beraturan Verb 1

Verb 2

Verb 3

Arti

analyze

analyzed

analyzed

Menganalisa/menelaah

attack

attacked

attacked

Menyerang/menyerbu

blame

blamed

blamed

Menyalahkan/mempersalahkan

call

called

called

Memanggil/menelpon

calculate

calculated

calculated

Menghitung/berhitung

cancel

canceled

canceled

Membatalkan/batalkan

dance

danced

danced

Menari/berdansa

explain

explained

explained

Menjelaskan/menerangkan

fulfill

fulfilled

fulfilled

Memenuhi

hate

hated

hated

Benci/membenci

help

helped

helped

Bantu/membantu/menolong

imagine

imagined

imagined

Membayangkan/mengkhayalkan

kill

killed

killed

Membunuh

kiss

kissed

kissed

Mencium

learn

learned

learned

Belajar/mempelajari

like

liked

liked

Suka/menyukai

maintain

maintained

maintained

Mempertahankan/memelihara

move

moved

moved

Bergerak/pindah

negotiate

negotiated

negotiated

Berunding/berembuk

panic

panicked

panicked

Panic/menjadi panik

Kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular verb) Verb 1

Verb 2

Verb 3

Arti

arise

arose

arisen

Timbul/muncul/bangun

begin

began

begun

Mulai/memulai

bring

brought

brought

Membawa

choose

chose

chosen

Memilih

come

came

come

Datang

drink

drank

drunk

Minum

drive

drove

driven

Menyetir

eat

ate

eaten

Makan

fall

fell

fallen

Jatuh

go

went

gone

Pergi

give

gave

given

Memberi/memberikan

hit

hit

hit

Memukul

know

knew

known

Tahu

lie

lay

lain

Bohong/berbohong

make

made

made

Membuat

overcome

overcame

overcome

Mengatasi

pay

paid

paid

Membayar

see

saw

seen

Melihat

sell

sold

sold

Menjual

take

took

taken

Mengambil

Vocabulary - Kata Sifat Kata Sifat

Arti

..

Kata Sifat

Arti

Abashed

Malu

Selective

Selektif

Aberrant

Berkelainan

Selfish

Egois

Abhorrent

Mengerikan

Serious

Serius

Abiding

Kekal

Shaky

Goyah

Abject

Hina

Sharp

Tajam

Able

Sanggup

Shocking

Mengejutkan

Abortive

Gagal

Short

Pendek

Abrasive

Kasar

Shy

Malu

Abrupt

Tiba-tiba

Sick

Sakit

Absorbed

Terserap

Silent

Diam

Absorbing

Mengasyikkan

Silky

Sedap

Abstract

Tidak berwujud

Silly

Bodoh

Absurd

Konyol

Simple

Sederhana

Acceptable

Dapat diterima

Skillful

Trampil

Accessible

Dapat diakses

Skinny

Kurus

Accurate

Tepat

Slim

Langsing

Afraid

Takut

Sloppy

Ceroboh

Aggressive

Agresif

Slow

Lambat

Alive

Hidup

Small

Kecil

Amazing

Menakjubkan

Smart

Pintar

Angry

Marah

Smooth

Halus

Bad

Buruk

Sneaky

Licik

Bawdy

Mesum

Special

Khusus

Beautiful

Cantik/indah

Spectacular

Spektakuler

Best

Terbaik

Spiteful

pendendam

Better

Lebih baik

Spurious

Palsu

Big

Besar

Squalid

Jorok

Bored /boring

Bosan/membosankan

Stale

Basi

Brave

Berani

Steadfast

Tabah

Busy

Sibuk

Steady

Mantap

Careful

Hati-hati

Sticky

Lengket

Cheap

Murah

Straight

lurus

Chivalrous

Sangat sopan

Strong

Kuat

Chubby

Gemuk

Stupid

Bodoh/goblok

Clean

Bersih

Sudden

Tiba-tiba

Clear

Jelas

Sweet

Manis

Comfortable

Nyaman

Tame

Jinak

Confused

Bingung

Tasteless

Hambar

Crazy

Gila

Tasty

Lezat

Cruel

Kejam

Tearful

Berkesan

Dangerous

Berbahaya

Temporary

Sementara

Dark

Gelap

Tense

Tegang

Dead

Mati

Terrible

Mengerikan

Debonair

Ramah tamah

Tested

Teruji

Delicious

Lezat

Thick

Tebal

Demonic

Jahat

Thin

Tipis

Delirious

Mengigau

Thoughtless

Sembrono/lalai

Different

Berbeda

Tight

Ketat

Difficult

Sulit

Tiny

Mungil

Diligent

Rajin

Trashy

Tidak mutu

Discreet

Bijaksana

Tricky

Rumit

Disastrous

Bencana

True

Benar

Elegant

Anggun

Truthful

Jujur

Empty

Kosong

Typical

Khas

Enchanted

Terpesona

Ugly

Jelek

Envious

Iri

Uncovered

Terbongkar

Expensive

Mahal

Understood

Dipahami

False

Salah

Uneven

Ganjil

Familiar

Akrab

Unique

Unik

Far

Jauh

Unknown

Tidak diketahui

Fast

Cepat

Unnatural

Tidak wajar

Female

Perempuan

Unruly

Tegar

Flat

Datar

Unusual

Luar biasa

Free

Gratis

Uppity

Sombong

Good

Baik

Useful

Berguna

Glossy

Berkilau

Useless

Tidak berguna

Grateful

Bersyukur

Vacuous

Hampa

Handsome

Tampan

Vagabond

Gelandangan

Happy

Senang

Valuable

Berharga

Hard

Keras

Various

Beragam

High

Tinggi

Versed

Berpengalaman

Honorable

Terhormat

Victorious

Jaya

Hot

Panas

Voiceless

Tidak bersuara

Hurt

Sakit

Voracious

Rakus

Illegal

Tidak resmi

Vulgar

Vulgar

Important

Penting

Wakeful

Sulit tidur

Impossible

Mustahil

Warm

Hangat

Incredible

Luar biasa

Wary

Waspada

Interesting

Menarik

Wasteful

Boros

Jealous

Cemburu

Weak

Lemah

Jobless

Menganggur

Weary

Lelah

Jumbled

Bercampur

Wealthy

Kaya

Large

Besar

Wet

Basah

Last

Terakhir

Wide

Lebar

Late

Telat/terlambat

Wild

Liar

Lazy

Malas

Witty

Jenaka

Little

Sedikit

Wise

Bijaksana

Long

Panjang

Wonderful

Indah/hebat

Loving

Penuh kasih

Workable

Bisa diterapkan

Lucky

Beruntung

Worried

Cemas/khawatir

Lumpy

Kental

Wrong

Salah

Lying

Bohong/berbohong

Wrathful

Murka

Madly

Mabuk

Wretched

Malang

Magical

Gaib

Worthless

Tidak berguna

Male

Pria/laki-laki

Young

Muda

Many

Banyak

Youthful

Belia

Mature

Dewasa

Yummy

Lezat

Merciful

Penyayang

Yielding

Penurut

Messy

Kacau

Zealous

Tekun

Modern

Modern

Zestful

Dengan semangat

Naïve

Naïf

Zippy

bergairah

Nasty

Mesum

Panicky

Panik

Natural

Alamiah

Perfect

Sempurna

Naughty

Nakal

Phobic

Fobia

Near

Dekat

Possessive

Posesif

Necessary

Perlu

Powerful

Berkuasa

Needy

Miskin

Precious

Berharga

Nervous

Gugup

Private

Pribadi

Nimble

Gesit

Probable

Mungkin

Noisy

Berisik

Proud

Bangga

Obedient

Taat

Public

Publik

Obese

Gendut

Quick

Cepat

Old

Tua

Quiet

Tenang

Ordinary

Biasa

Quirky

Unik

Ossified

Kaku

Racial

Rasial

Overrated

Berlebihan

Rampant

Merata

Painful

Menyakitkan

Rare

Langka

Painstaking

Telaten

Ready

Siap

Pale

Pucat

Real

Nyata

Rebellious

Durhaka

Sempurna

Redundant

Mubazir

Phobic

Fobia

Reflective

Termenung

Possessive

Posesif

Relieved

Lega

Powerful

Berkuasa

Resolute

Tegas

Precious

Berharga

Responsible

Bertanggung jawab

Private

Pribadi

Rich

Kaya

Probable

Mungkin

Sad

Sedih

Proud

Bangga

Safe

Aman

Public

Publik

Same

Sama

Quick

Cepat

Satisfying

Memuaskan

Quiet

Tenang

Savory

Gurih

Quirky

Unik

Secret

Rahasia

Racial

Rasial

Secretive

Diam-diam

Rampant

Merata

Seemly

Pantas

Rare

Langka

Ready

Siap

Real

Nyata

Rebellious

Durhaka

Redundant

Mubazir

Reflective

Termenung

Relieved

Lega

Resolute

Tegas

Responsible

Bertanggung jawab

Rich

Kaya

Sad

Sedih

Safe

Aman

Same

Sama

Satisfying

Memuaskan

Savory

Gurih

Secret

Rahasia

Secretive

Diam-diam

Seemly

Pantas

Vocabulary - Kata Ganti Sebagai Subjek

Sebagai Objek

I

Me

You

You

She

Her

He

Him

It

It

They

Them

We

Us

Kolom 1

Kolom 2

Untuk menyatakan

My

mine

Milik saya

Her

Hers

Milik dia (perempuan)

His

His

Milik dia (laki-laki)

Its

Its

Milik hewan

Your

Yours

Milik kamu

Their

Theirs

Milik mereka

Our

Ours

Milik kita

Reflexive Pronouns Myself

Digunakan untuk Saya

Yourself

Kamu

Herself

Dia perempuan

Himself

Dia laki-laki

Itself

Dia benda/hewan

Ourselves

Kita

Themselves

Mereka

Yourselves

Kamu – orang banyak (jamak)

Interrogative Pronouns

Untuk menanyakan

What

Subjek (non person), objek (non person), verb.

Who

Subjek (person)

Whom

Objek (person)

Where

Place (tempat)

When

Time (waktu)

Which

Choice (pilihan)

Why

Reason (alasan)

Whose

Possession (kepemilikan)

How

Manner (cara)

How fast

Speed (kecepatan)

How far

Distance (jarak)

How long

Duration (durasi)

Etc…

Vocabulary - Kata Keterangan Adverbs Of Manner Angrily

Arti Dengan marah

Anxiously

Dengan cemas

Awkwardly

Dengan canggung

Beautifully

Dengan cantiknya

Happily

Dengan gembira

Wearily

Dengan lelah

Violently

Dengan keras/secara keras

Truthfully

Sesungguhnya

Warmly

Dengan hangat

Honestly

Secara jujur

Gladly

Dengan senang hati

Bravely

Dengan berani

Cheerfully

Dengan riang

Carefully

Dengan hati-hati

Calmly

Dengan tenang

Clearly

Dengan jelas

Correctly

Dengan benar

Fast

Dengan cepat/cepat

Fluently

Dengan fasih

Blindly

Dengan membabi buta

Irritably

Dengan jengkel

Mysteriously

Secara misterius

Perfectly

Dengan sempurna

Quickly

Segera/cepat/dengan segera

Innocently

Dengan polosnya

Justly

Dengan adil

Kindly

Dengan ramah

Unexpectedly

Tiba-tiba/secara mendadak/tak terduga

Inquisitively

Dengan rasa ingin tahu

Adverbs Of Time

Arti

Now

Sekarang

Recently

Baru-baru ini

Since

Sejak

Lately

Akhir-akhir ini

Finally

Akhirnya

Eventually

Pada akhirnya

Then

Kemudian

Ago

Yang lalu

Already

Sudah

Later

Kemudian

Yet

Belum

Last

Terakhir

Still

Masih

Today

Hari ini

Yesterday

Kemarin

Tomorrow

Besok

Tonight

Malam ini

Adverbs Of Place

Arti

Here

Di sini

There

Di sana

Above

Di atas

Below

Di bawah

Under

Di bawah

Behind

Di belakang

In

Di

Away

Jauh

Far

Jauh

Near

Dekat

Nearby

Dekat

Inside

Di dalam

Outside

Di luar

Somewhere

Di suatu tempat

Anywhere

Di manapun

Adverbs Of Degree

Arti

Totally

Benar-benar

Completely

Sepenuhnya

Very

Sangat

Too

Terlalu

Strongly

Sangat

Really

Benar-benar/sangat

Extremely

Sangat

Hardly

Hampir tidak/ dengan sukar

Highly

Sangat/amat sangat

Overmuch

Terlalu/terampau/terlalu banyak/terlampau byk

Adverbs Of Frequency

Arti

Always

Selalu

Often

Sering

Sometimes

Kadang-kadang

Usually

Biasanya

Never

Tidak pernah

Seldom

Jarang

Almost always

Hampir selalu

Hardly ever

Hampir tidak pernah

Almost never

Hampir tidak pernah

Once

Sekali

Twice

Dua kali

Times

Beberapa kali

Adverbs Of Quantity

Arti

Contoh Penggunaan

A couple of

Beberapa

A couple of apples

A few

Sedikit

A few apples

Several

Beberapa

Several apples

Many

Banyak

Many apples

A number of

Beberapa

A number of apples

A little

Sedikit

A little money

An amount of

Beberapa

An amount of money

Much

Banyak

Much money

A deal of

Beberapa

A deal of money

Some

Beberapa

Some money

A lot of

Beberapa/banyak

A lot of money

Lots of

Beberapa/banyak

Lots of money

Plenty of

Beberapa/banyak

Plenty of money

most

Kebanyakan

Most money

All

Semua

All money

Dan ini, lebih banyak lagi kosakata

ability

kemampuan

able

sanggup

about

tentang

above

atas

abroad

di luar negeri

absolutely

benar

accounting

akuntansi

accuracy

ketepatan

accurate

tepat

accurately

akurat

accusation

tuduhan

accuse

menuduh

achievement

prestasi

acknowledge

mengakui

acknowledgement

pengakuan

acquire

memperoleh

act

bertindak

action

tindakan

active

aktif

basic

dasar

basically

pada dasarnya

basket

keranjang

bat

kelelawar

bath

mandi

bathroom

kamar mandi

battery

baterai

battle

pertempuran

bay

teluk

beach

pantai

blank

kosong

blanket

selimut

blast

ledakan

blend

campuran

bless

memberkati

blind

buta

coach

pelatih

coast

pantai

coastal

pesisir

coat

mantel

cocaine

kokain

cocktail

koktil

coffee

kopi

coin

koin

cold

dingin

collaboration

kolaborasi

collapse

keruntuhan

colleague

rekan

collect

mengumpulkan

collection

koleksi

collector

pengumpul

college

perguruan tinggi

color

warna

colorful

warna-warni

column

kolom

combat

memerangi

combination

kombinasi

combine

menggabungkan

come

datang

comedy

komedi

comfortable

nyaman

command

perintah

commander

komandan

comment

komentar

commission

komisi

commissioner

komisaris

commit

melakukan

commitment

komitmen

common

umum

communication

komunikasi

community

masyarakat

company

perusahaan

compare

membandingkan

compel

memaksa

compensation

kompensasi

compete

bersaing

competition

kompetisi

competitive

kompetitif

competitor

saingan

complain

mengeluh

complete

menyelesaikan

drag

menyeret

drain

menguras

drama

drama

dramatic

dramatis

draw

menggambar

drawer

laci

dream

mimpi

drift

melayang

drill

bor

drink

minum

drive

mendorong

driver

sopir

drown

menenggelamkan

drum

drum

drunk

mabuk

dry

kering

duck

bebek

dump

membuang

during

selama

dust

debu

duty

tugas

entertainment

hiburan

entity

kesatuan

entrepreneur

pengusaha

envelope

amplop

environment

lingkungan

epidemic

wabah

episode

episode

equally

sama

equation

persamaan

equip

melengkapi

equipment

peralatan

equivalent

setara

era

era

find

menemukan

finger

jari

finish

menyelesaikan

fire

api

first

pertama

fish

ikan

fisherman

nelayan

fishing

penangkapan ikan

fit

cocok

fitness

kebugaran

five

lima

instruments

instrumen

insurance

asuransi

integration

integrasi

integrity

integritas

intellectual

cendekiawan

intelligence

kecerdasan

intelligent

cerdas

intense

intens

intensity

intensitas

interaction

interaksi

interest

Bunga (dlm ekonomi)

interesting

menarik

interior

pedalaman

internal

intern

international

internasional

Internet

Internet

interpret

menafsirkan

interpretation

interpretasi

interrupt

Mengganggu/menyela

interval

selang

key

kunci

kick

menendang

kid

anak

kill

membunuh

killer

pembunuh

kind

jenis

king

raja

kingdom

kerajaan

kiss

ciuman

kit

kotak

kitchen

dapur

knee

lutut

know

tahu

military

militer

milk

susu

morning

pagi

need

perlu

neighbor

tetangga

number

nomor

same

sama

sample

contoh

save

menyimpan

sick

sakit

social

sosial

star

bintang

versus

melawan

warm

hangat

war

perang

want

ingin

win

menang

you

anda

year

tahun

yellow

kuning

yesterday

kemarin

zone

daerah

Urutan Penempatan Adjective. Urutan penempatan adjective atau kata sifat dalam bahasa inggris dapat kita hafalkan dengan melihat pada singkatan jenis adjective di bawah ini:

DOSASCOMP 1.

D = Determiner (the, a, an, some, dll)

2.

O = Opinion (beautiful, rich, diligent, dll)

3.

S = Size (big, small, long, dll)

4.

A = Age (young, old, new)

5.

S = Shape (round, fat, thin, dll)

6.

C = Color (white, yellow, red, dll)

7.

O = Origin (Italy, Indonesia, Malaysia, dll)

8.

M = Material (rubber, plastic, cotton, dll)

9.

P = Purpose (tennis, school, dll)

10.

Kata Benda

Mari kita urutkan kata-kata sifat yang ada dalam frasa di atas: 

Perempuan = Kata benda (letaknya terakhir = No. 10 setelah purpose)



Kaya = Kata Sifat = Opinion (No. 2)



Tua = Kata Sifat = Age (no. 4)

Jadi urutan yang benar adalah 2, 4, 10 Kaya, tua, perempuan = Rich old lady Contoh lainnya: 1.

I have a beautiful large house. (Saya punya sebuah rumah besar yang cantik)

2.

She has an expensive tennis racket. (Dia punya raket tenis yang mahal)

Singular and Plural Nouns Kata benda atau nomina mempunyai dua bentuk (form) kata, yaitu singular dan plural. Singular nouns digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu benda yang berjumlah tunggal atau satu, misalnya: a computer, a chair, a train, a player, a teacher, a taxi, etc. Sedangkan plural

nounsdigunakan untuk menunjukkan benda yang berjumlah banyak (jamak), misalnya: computers, chairs, trains, players, teachers, taxis, etc. Singular nouns umumnya disertai determiners (a/an, this, that, the), misalnya: a river, a castle, an idea, this book, the man, etc. Umumnya plural nouns dibentuk dengan menambah huruf -s di belakang kata benda yang akan dibuat dalam bentuk jamak, misalnya: boats, bats, houses, rivers, computer, boys, girls, etc. Perhatikan catatan dan contoh pembentukan plural nouns berikut di bawah ini. Nomina yang berakhiran -s, -ss, -ch, -sh atau –x ditambah akhiran –es. - bus --> buses - glass --> glasses - dress --> dresses - branch --> branches - church --> churches - beach --> beaches - sandwich --> sandwiches - witch --> witches - brush --> brushes - flash --> flashes - box --> boxes - fox --> foxes Nomina yang berakhiran –y, diganti dengan i kemudian ditambah –es. - baby --> babies - family --> families - story --> stories - fairy --> fairies - puppy --> puppies - housefly --> houseflies - library --> libraries - city --> cities - lily --> lilies - party --> parties - dictionary --> dictionaries Nomina berakhiran –y yang sebelumnya terdapat huruf hidup atau vokal (vowel), langsung ditambah akhiran –s. Kecuali nomina yang berakhiran –quy, -y diganti dengan i kemudian ditambah – es (soliloquy --> soliloquies). - key --> keys - monkey --> monkeys - donkey --> donkeys - toy --> toys - boy --> boys - cowboy --> cowboys - day --> days - tray --> trays - runway --> runways - chimney --> chimneys - trolley --> trolleys - valley --> valleys Nomina yang berakhiran –f, diganti dengan v kemudian ditambah –es. - half --> halves - leaf --> leaves

- shelf --> shelves - wolf --> wolves - thief --> thieves Beberapa nomina yang berakhiran –f, hanya ditambah akhiran –s. - chief --> chiefs - roof --> roofs - handkerchief --> handkerchiefs - cliff --> cliffs - puff --> puffs Dan beberapa nomina yang berakhiran –f bisa dijadikan plural dengan dua cara di atas. - scarf --> scarfs or scarves - hoof --> hoofs or hooves - dwarf --> dwarfs or dwarves - wharf --> wharfs or wharves Nomina yang berakhiran –fe, maka f diganti dengan v kemudian ditambah –s. - knife --> knives - wife --> wives - life --> lives - midwife --> midwives Nomina yang berakhiran –o, hanya ditambah akhiran –s. - video --> videos - hippo --> hippos - zoo --> zoos - kangaroo --> kangaroos Tetapi beberapa nomina tertentu yang berakhiran -o, jika dijadikan plural ada yang ditambah akhiran –es. - tomato --> tomatoes - potato --> potatoes - hero --> heroes Dan ada juga beberapa nomina yang berakhiran –o bisa dijadikan plural dengan dua cara di atas - mango --> mangoes or mangos - mosquito --> mosquitoes or mosquitos - zero --> zeroes or zeros - buffalo --> buffaloes or buffalos

Beberapa nomina berubah ejaannya jika berubah menjadi plural (irregular plurals). - man --> men - woman --> women - child --> children - person --> people - mouse --> mice - tooth --> teeth - foot --> feet - goose --> geese Beberapa nomina mempunyai bentuk yang sama, baik singular maupun plural. - sheep --> sheep

- deer --> deer - fish --> fish - aircraft --> aircraft - salmon --> salmon

Kalimat aktif dan pasif voice Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengansubject-nya. Contoh : * Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months * Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: 1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice 2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’. 3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice. 4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’. 6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah. Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut: Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are. Contoh: * Active : He meets them everyday. * Passive : They are met by him everyday. * Active : She waters this plant every two days. * Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days. b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were Contoh: * Active : He met them yesterday * Passive : They were met by him yesterday * Active : She watered this plant this morning * Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’ Contoh: * Active : He has met them * Passive : They have been met by him * Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. * Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Contoh: * Active : He had met them before I came. * Passive : They had been met by him before I came. * Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

* Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh: * Active : He will meet them tomorrow. * Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow. * Active : She will water this plant this afternoon. * Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon. * Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week * Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week. f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’ Contoh: * Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow. * Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow. * Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. * Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon. g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voicenya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’. Contoh: * Active : He would have met them. * Passive : They would have been met by him. * Active : She would have watered this plant. * Passive : This plant would have been watered by her. h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voicenya adalah (is, am atau are) + being. Contoh: * Active : He is meeting them now.

* Passive : They are being met by him now. * Active : She is watering this plant now. * Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being. Contoh: * Active : He was meeting them. * Passive : They were being met by him. * Active : She was watering this plant. * Passive : This plant was being watered by her. j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voicenya adalah (has/have) been + being. Contoh: * Active : He has been meeting them. * Passive : They have been being met by him. * Active : She has been watering this plant. * Passive : This plant has been being watered by her. k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being. Contoh: * Active : He had been meeting them. * Passive : They had been being met by him. * Active : She had been watering this plant. * Passive : This plant had been being watered by her. l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voicenya adalah will be + being. Contoh: * Active : He will be meeting them. * Passive : They will be being met by him.

* Active : She will be watering this plant. * Passive : This plant will be being watered by her. m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being. Contoh: * Active : He would be meeting them. * Passive : They would be being met by him. * Active : She would be watering this plant. * Passive : This plant would be being watered by her. n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being. Contoh: * Active : He will have been meeting them. * Passive : They will have been being met by him. * Active : She will have been watering this plant. * Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her. o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being. Contoh: * Active : He would be meeting them. * Passive : They would be being met by him. * Active : She would be watering this plant. * Passive : This plant would be being watered by her. Contoh-contoh yang lain: 1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya). 2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi). 3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanamantanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu). 4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan

yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes). 5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).

Kalimat aktif merupakan kalimat yang subjek kalimatnya adalah pelaku sebuah tindakan, sedangkan kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya bukan pelaku suatu tindakan. Si subjek adalah si penerima akibat dari sebuah tindakan. Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut: * Aktif : Susi mengetik surat ini kemarin * Pasif : Surat ini diketik oleh Susi kemarin * Aktif : Kucingku membunuh seekor tikus * Pasif : Seekor tikus dibunuh oleh kucingku Catatan: Gunakan bentuk pasif jika pelaku tindakan tidak begitu penting. Contoh: * Menara ini dibangun tahun 1955 Kalau kita perlu menyebut siapa pelaku suatu tindakan, gunakan kata oleh (by) Contoh: * Menara ini telah dibangun oleh Pemerintah Daerah pada tahun 1955 Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif * Aktif : S + Verb (Kata Kerja) + Objek + dll * Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll To be yang digunakan 1. Present : is, am, are 2. Past : was, were 3. Perfect : been (di depan have, has, atau had) 4. Future : be (setelah modals) 5. Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas) Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat 1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kalimat dalam bentuk pasif, tenses tidak berubah.

Tenses harus sama dengan kalau kita menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Yang berubah hanya kata kerja-nya. 2. Kata kerja yang tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja Intransitif) tidak dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, seperti, menangis, mendidih, terbit, dll. Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif 1. Jack sings a song (active) 2. A song is sung by Jack (Passive) 1. Jack sang a song yesterday (active) 2. A song was sung by Jack yesterday (passive) 1. Jack has sung a song (active) 2. A song has been sung by Jack (passive) 1. Jack will sing a song (active) 2. A song will be sung by Jack (passive) 1. Jack is singing a song (active) 2. A song is being sung by Jack (passive) 1. Jack can sing a song (active) 2. A song can be sung by Jack (passive) Beberapa Bentuk Kalimat Passive 1) Passive Imperative Sentence Rumus: Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III * Help the poor (active) * Let the poor be helped (passive) 2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time Rumus: It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III * It is time to send the letter (active) * It is time for the letter to be sent (passive) 3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus: Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive (kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested) * Don�t wait for me (active) * You are advised not to wait for me (passive)

4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception Rumus Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III (kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel) * This food tastes delicious (active) * This food is delicious when it is tasted (passive) 5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by �that-clause� Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand. * We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active) * It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive) 6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements * I consider her very pretty (active) * She is considered very pretty (passive) 7) Passive Sentence with two objects * He gave me a book (active) * A book was given to me by him (passive 1) * I was given a book by him (passive 2) 8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs * The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active) * The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)

9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by. * We were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married * I was confused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one. 10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need * This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan) * This wall needs painting.