Metacognition

METACOGNITION

METACOGNITION It

is one of the latest buzz words in educational psychology, but what exactly is metacognition?

Metacognition

enables us to be successful learners, and has been associated with intelligence

What is METACOGNITION? defined

as "cognition about cognition", or "knowing about knowing” or “thinking about thinking”

comes

from the root word "meta", meaning beyond.

What is METACOGNITION? It

can take many forms; it includes knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or for problem solving.

Metacognition

also thinks about one's own thinking process such as study skills, memory capabilities, and the ability to monitor learning.

This

higherlevel cognition was given the label metacognition by American developmental psychologist John Flavell (1979)

Other terms defined Meta-attention

– the awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep your attention focused on the topic or task at hand.

Other terms defined Metamemory

– your awareness of memory strategies that work best for you.

METACOGNITION IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE COMPONENTS:

1. Metacognitive Knowledge A.k.a. what

Metacognitive awareness

individuals know about themselves and others as cognitive processors.

1. Metacognitive Knowledge 3

types:

1. Declarative Knowledge or Person Knowledge or World Knowledge: refers to knowledge about oneself as a learner and about what factors can influence one's performance.

1. Metacognitive Knowledge 3

types:

2. Procedural Knowledge or Task Knowledge: refers to knowledge about doing things. This type of knowledge is displayed as heuristics and strategies. A high degree of procedural knowledge can allow individuals to perform tasks more automatically.

1. Metacognitive Knowledge 3

types:

3. Conditional knowledge or Strategic Knowledge: refers to knowing when and why to use declarative and procedural knowledge. It allows students to allocate their resources when using strategies and allows the strategies to become more effective.

2. Metacognitive Regulation the

regulation of cognition and learning experiences through a set of activities that help people control their learning.

2. Metacognitive Regulation 3

essential skills:

1. Planning: refers to the appropriate selection of strategies and the correct allocation of resources that affect •What in mytask prior performance. knowledge will help me with this particular task? •In what direction do I want my thinking to take me? •What should I do first? •Why am I reading this selection? •How much time do I have to

2. Metacognitive Regulation 3

essential skills:

2. Monitoring: refers to one's awareness of comprehension and performance How task am I doing? Am I on the right track? How should I proceed? What information is important to remember? Should I move in a different direction? Should I adjust the pace depending on the difficulty? What do I need to do if I do not

2. Metacognitive Regulation 3

essential skills:

3. Evaluating: refers to appraising the final product of a task and the efficiency at which the task was performed. This can include restrategies that were used. •Howevaluating well did I do? •Did my particular course of thinking produce more or less than I had expected? •What could I have done differently? •How might I apply this line of thinking to other problems?

3. Metacognitive Experiences those

experiences that have something to do with the current, on-going cognitive endeavor. They are responsible for creating an identity that matters to an individual.

WHY STUDY METACOGNITION?

Why study Metacognition? Students

who demonstrate a wide range of metacognitive skills perform better on exams and complete work more efficiently.

They

are self-regulated learners who utilize the "right tool for the job" and modify learning strategies and skills based on

Why study Metacognition? Metacognologists

are aware of their own strengths and weaknesses, the nature of the task at hand, and available "tools" or skills.

Metacognition

helps people to perform many cognitive tasks more effectively.

Why study Metacognition? Strategies

for promoting metacognition include selfquestioning, thinking aloud while performing a task, and making graphic representations of one's thoughts and knowledge.

Why study Metacognition? Knowing

the limits of one’s own learning and memory capacities Knowing what learning tasks one can realistically accomplish within a certain amount of time Knowing which learning strategies are effective and which are not

Why study Metacognition? Planning

an approach to a learning task that is likely to be successful Using effective learning strategies to process and learn new material Monitoring one’s own knowledge and comprehension Using effective strategies for retrieval of previously stored