c
c cc cc c c R R R c cc R R
Abstract² c ccc c c c c c c c c c c c c ccc c c ccc
c c cc c cc cc cc c c c
cc c c cc cc c cc
c c c c c c c
cc c c c c c cc c c c c c c cc c c
cc c c
cc c c
c c c c cc c c cc
ccc c c c
c c cc c c ccc c c c
c c c ccc c cc c c
ccc c c c! cc c cc cc c! c c c c c c cc c c c ccc c c ccc c
c Index Terms¦ c c c c
c ccc c c I. INTRODUCTION IÔ"#Ôcc c c cc c c cc c c c c c c!cccc c c cc c cc!c
c ccc c cccc c cc c cc!c c c cccc cc c cc c c cc $ccc % c& c c cc'%&(c c! c c ) cccc c*c c cc c c * c c c c+cc c
c c c c c c c c c c c c cc c c c c ccc
c c c c c c, cc c
c cc
c cc ccc cc c c c cc ccc c c c c cc c ccc c cc c c c & c c
c c cc cc c c cc c c cc c c c c -ccc c c c c cccc ccc cccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccc c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c&c c c cc c c c c c c c cc c c c c c c
c c ccc c c c c c c ccc c c c ccc c c -cc c cc c cc c cc c c c cc
c
c c c c c. cc c c c c cc cc cc c c ccc c cc c c c c cc c c
+cc c c c
c c cc c c cc
c c ccc c c c c ! c c c c c*-c c cccccccccccccccccccccccccc cc c cc c c cc cc c cc&ccc c cc c cc cc ccc c c cc&ccc &c.c c c c cc c c c! c c c ccc&c.c
II. INTERNAL SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT MODEL ccccccc c ccc c c c cc cc
c c c c c cc c c c c c c c cÔ&/0c !c& ccc )c c c ccc cc c cc ccc c cc c ccc c c c c c
c c c cc
c
cc c c cc c c&c c $cc c cc1cc c c
ccccc c c c c cc c c c c c cc c c c c c c cccc c
c cc c cc
ccc c c c cc cc c
c c1c c cc c
c c c c cccccccccccccc c cc cc c c c c c c c -c ccc c c cc c cc cc c
III. DETERIORATING INSULATION MODEL ccccccccccccccc c c cc cc c $ c c c c cc cc c2 cc c c c c c c c cc ccc c
cc c ccc
c c c cc cc c c c +c c cc
c c c c c cc c c c c c
c cccc c c
c c cc c cc c c cc
c c" c c c c cc c ccc c) c c c
cc c c cc -c c cc c c c c c c c c c c cc c
c c c c c c c c
c c
cc c c c c cc
c $ c c c c c cc c c c c ccc c c
c c ccc cc c c cc c c c c c c c c cc c c
cc cc cc c c cc c c c c c c c ! c c c c c ccc c c cc ccc ccc c cc c c
c c cc c c cc c c cÔ c c c c c c c c c c c ccc c c c cc c c c c c cc-cc -c ccc c ccc c cccc c cc c cc c ccccc c cc c c c c c c cc c c
cc c c
c c cc c
c c cc c cc c c c ccc c c c cc c ccc c cc c c cc -c c c c c ccc c c c c cc c c cc c c cc c -cc
c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c ccc c
cc cc c A. Aging Model: c cc c c c c c c c c cc cc $cc c c c c c c ccc c3c4 5ccc c c ccc c cc ccc c c c c c c c c c c cccc c ccc c cc c -c c cc c c c c c c cc cc c c c c + cc c cc c cc c'1(c ccc c ccc c cc c ccc c c c c c c
B. Arcing Model: c cc c c cc c c c c
c c c c c
c cc c + c cc c c
cc c c -cc c -c c c c c cc cc c
c c/c!c c
c c c c-c cc -c cc c c c c c,c c c + cc -c c c c ccc -cc c ccc c c ! c c c c & c c cc c c c c *c c cc
c c c c c c c678cc1998c c c c * c cc c c
c cc c c c c c c" c c cc c' (c cc c c' (c c c!c c c c c cc
ccc c c c c c c c cc c c c cccc cc c :ccccc c c :cc *ccc c c cc cc c c c cc c c cc cccccc "cc &) #;c/c.)"&c/c .#"&c2)#Ôc2"#"Ôc %"#/2&c c&1ccc c&3cccc
c cccc c c / cc&1ccc c&3cc cc c cccc !c c c
"cc
c c G. Gombination Models cc c c
c ccccc c c c
ccc c cc cc cc c
c c c c c c&1c c&3c c:cc c c c+ c cc c c c c c cc ccc c c c+ cc c c cc
cc c c ccc c c cc+ c&1c c &3c ccc c cc c c c cc c cccc c cc c c c ccc cc&1cc c c&3cccc c cc c c c&1cc c c&3cccc cc !c cc c c
cc c c c c c cc cc c c c c ccc ccc c c c c c cc c c "cc %# ""#&cÔcÔc /2"c /#c%# #;c)cc ccc cc cc c c ccc c c cc c c c cc c c c c "cc
c c c
IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND SIMULATION RESULTS
A. Transformer Parameters ccccc& c c cc c c c * c36c-.c <9c+c* c* c cc c c ! c cc c c c c ccccc=cc c c c c7399cccccc .>3?9c.>139c.c cccc=cc c c c 1768c c c c c1<38c cccc=cc c c c7@9>3<c cccc=cc cc c c ccc :cc c c c c c c cccc=cc c cc c cc * c c c
c c
c c ccccc * c c c cc c c cc ccc c c cc c c ccc c cc
c cc c B. Incipient Faults With Aging Model Only ccc c c c c cc
c ccc &ccc
c c c c c cc c c cc $ c c cc c c c ccc c c c! c cc c cc ccc cccccccccccc c ccc
c cc c c
c c' (c# c c c c cë cc@' (c
c' (c ccc c c c c c c c c c19ccc c c c cccc c c cc c cc c ccc cccA' (c c' (ccc c cc# &c c c c c c c ccc c c cc ccc c c c ccc cc1Bc c cc cc c c
c ccccC4 5c c
c c C4 5c
c c c
V. CONCLUSIONS: ccccccccc c c cc c cc c c ccc cc c c c c c c c cc
c c c c c c c c ccc c c cc c c c c c c c
c cc ccc c c c c c
cc c c c cc c c c
cc c c cc c c c c ccc cc c +cc c c c c c & c*-c c c c c c c c cc c c +cc c c c c cc c cc* -c c! cc c c c cc c c c cc c c c cc c cc c c ccc c ccc c c cc c -c cc c c c c ccc c c c c c cc cc
c c cc c cc c cc c c
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ccccccccccccc cc c %c% *-c c c c! c c cÔ&/c c c c c, c cc c c
REFERENCES c415c,c"ccDc cc c,cc cE"! c c c c c ccc c
Fc c c@cc3B1G3B@cD c1AABc c435cc;ccH! c cHc D ! cE"!cc c
c c c c c c c c + c
Fcc
c 1A@@ccB3@GBB1c c4B5ccÔ ccÔ -
cc c cc cE*
c * c c c cc
c Fcc c c1977G19@3c 4?5cDc -*Dcc -*Dc c &c2c --cE2c c c
c c cc c c c Fc
cc19ccB9@G B1?cD c1AA6c c465c%c c%c c c c cEc c c c c cFc ccAcc
c1AA?c c4<5cc+ c2cc c&c"c HcE c c c
c c c Fcc c c1c1AA<cc19@G11?c c475c c ccc c E c cc c c c c c - c Fc c
!c& cc/ c,c/c 1AAAcc17