Multiple Choice Testbank

Multiple-Choice Testbank Chapter 1

Psychological Tests: What Are They and Why Do We Need Them? 1

One of the major achievements of psychology in the twentieth century was A B C D

2

Psychological tests are used to A B C D

3

1880–1889 1890–1899 1900–1909 1910–1919

The first intelligence test was developed by A B C D

6

more relevant to psychological theory than practice more relevant to psychological practice than theory important tools for psychological research rarely used in research settings

James McKeen Cattell coined the term mental test in which decade? A B C D

5

help make decisions about people promote self-understanding measure psychological constructs all of the above

Psychological tests are A B C D

4

the development and application of psychological tests the application of tests during the First World War the development of the Deviation IQ the solution of the mind-body problem

Binet and Simon Spearman Stanford and Binet Terman and Wechsler

The first theory of intelligence was developed by A B C D

Binet and Simon Spearman Stanford and Binet Terman and Wechsler 1

7

Evidence of psychological testing can be traced back to A B C D

8

The Army Alpha was A B C D

9

the Army Alpha and Beta subscales from the Stanford-Binet test the ideas of mental age and chronological age Spearman’s theory of intelligence

The Deviation IQ is based on the notion of A B C D

14

Spearman’s g motor performance language of administration mental age

Wechsler based his concept of verbal and performance scales on A B C D

13

block design mazes non-verbal cues drawing people

The Queensland Test was specifically designed by McElwain and Kearney to avoid dependency on A B C D

12

a method of factor analysis devised by Spearman Spearman’s theory of intelligence a statistic devised by Spearman as an index of intelligence the common element in all cognitive tests

Porteus developed an early performance test based on A B C D

11

dependent on the ability to read and write a precursor of the Army Beta an early index of reliability developed by military psychologists the highest grade of achievement on a set of tests developed for the US army during the First World War

Spearman’s g refers to A B C D

10

cavemen challenging each other to lift heavy stones selection of candidates for the Roman senate public service examinations in ancient China Hammurabi’s code of civil law

delinquency as a factor affecting the development of intelligence mental age versus chronological age a z-score verbal versus performance scores

The first self-report test of personality was developed by A B C

McElwain Simon Terman 2

D 15

The MMPI was designed to A B C D

16

B C D

D

D

Freud’s idea that all behaviour was caused by unconscious motivational effects Jung’s theory of psychological types the attempt to develop tests that did not rely on language accidentally spilling ink on a test booklet

The Rorschach ink blot test was originally designed to identify A B C D

21

they are scored in a simple, straightforward manner scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer different scorers are likely to produce the same test score from the same test performance they are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli

Projective tests originated from A B C D

20

they are scored in a simple, straightforward manner scoring is heavily dependent on the judgment of the scorer different scorers are likely to produce the same test score from the same test performance they are based on responses to ambiguous stimuli

Projective tests are not objective because A B C

19

scoring a test based on its ability to discriminate between certain identifiable groups of people scoring a test based on the theory of what is being measured scoring a test using a scoring key made out of cardboard in which small holes reveal the correct answers empirically validating test scores via research

Objective tests are objective because A B C

18

screen soldiers during the Second World War discriminate between normals and patient groups with particular diagnoses assess personality in normal adults assess Multiphasic Personality Disorder

‘Empirical keying’ refers to A

17

Woodworth

Freudian unconscious motivations artistic ability schizophrenia Jungian psychological types

Psychological assessment refers to A B C D

mental testing testing people using psychological tests the high-level reasoning process involved in the application of psychological procedures writing reports based on psychological test scores

3

22

The psychological testing enterprise began to be questioned on grounds of A B C D

23

The dictation test, a key tool in enforcing the White Australia policy, involved A B C D

24

B C D

a measure of personality or ability an objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour a set of questions or items whose answers can be tallied to yield a total score a method of tapping into someone’s unconscious

Tests used as a sample of behaviour require A B C D

29

personal bias halo effects errors of central tendency all of the above

A psychological test is A B C D

28

any one item is usually influenced by a host of factors apart from the psychological construct of interest it is better to measure many traits rather than just a few total scores need to be calculated from the sum of raw scores item response theory suggests that many items should be used

Human judgment is influenced by A B C D

27

the Second World War the 1950s the 1960s the year 2000

Psychological tests are usually composed of a large number of items because A

26

migrants having to write about 50 words dictated in English migrants having to write about 50 words dictated in any prescribed language migrants having to read aloud a short passage written in English migrants having to read aloud a short passage written in any prescribed language

The major forms of psychological test, as we know them today, had been developed by A B C D

25

privacy diversity discrimination all of the above

a large sample of individual items an inference from the observed behaviour to the existence of an underlying disposition the direct performance of the behaviour of interest the use of multiple symbols

Tests used as a sign of behaviour require A B

an inference from the observed behaviour to the existence of an underlying disposition the direct performance of the behaviour of interest 4

C D 30

a large sample of individual items the use of multiple symbols

A psychological test can become obsolete when A B C D

psychological theory develops to render the basis of the test obsolete society changes to render the content of items less appropriate society changes to render the tests norms obsolete all of the above

Answers for Chapter 1 1. A

2. D

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. A

9. D

10. B

11. C

12. A

13. C

14. D

15. B

16. A

17. C

18. B

19. A

20. D

21. C

22. D

23. B

24. B

25. A

26. D

27. B

28. C

29. A

30. D

5

Chapter 2

Psychological Testing and Assessment: Processes, Best Practice, and Ethics 1

Compared to psychological testing, psychological assessment is usually A B C D

2

What is psychological assessment primarily used for? A B C D

3

psychological testing counselling interviewing observation

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is an example of a(n) _____ test A B C D

7

are cheaper have norms have face validity are suitable for measuring all psychological constructs

Which of the following is not usually used in psychological assessment? A B C D

6

psychological testing; observation psychological testing; interviewing interviewing; psychological assessment psychological assessment; observation

Psychological tests are better than other means of psychological assessment because they A B C D

5

legal decision making report writing research answering referral question(s)

_____ is a subprocess of _____ A B C D

4

undertaken to answer more complex referral questions undertaken in two sessions cheaper less time consuming

individual-administered group-administered computer-administered criterion-referenced

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 is an example of a _____ test A

criterion-referenced

6

B C D 8

The Bader Reading and Language Inventory is an example of a _____ test A B C D

9

Tests in Print test catalogue of Psychological Corporation Encyclopaedia Psychologica any textbook on psychological testing

Which of the following statements is correct? A B C D

14

purpose of tests price of tests independent reviews of tests administration time of tests

Which of the following can be used to find out which tests have been published? A B C D

13

forensic social educational clinical

Which of the following is usually not included in the test catalogue of a publishing company? A B C D

12

rarely used always used over-used used, if appropriate,

Which of the following areas of psychology does not use psychological tests in practice? A B C D

11

group-administered computer-administered norm-referenced criterion-referenced

Psychological testing is _____ as part of psychological assessment A B C D

10

performance self-report self-scoring

test developers do not always follow guidelines relating to psychological testing published by the American Psychological Association the Mental Measurements Yearbook reviews both published and unpublished psychological tests test developers always follow guidelines relating to psychological testing published by the American Psychological Association the Mental Measurements Yearbook reviews only unpublished psychological tests

The Mental Measurements Yearbook provides A B

the norms of psychological tests the prices of psychological tests

7

C D 15

The Mental Measurements Yearbook is published by the A B C D

16

C D

only novice test users make errors in scoring psychological tests only experienced test users make errors in scoring psychological tests both novice and experienced test make errors in scoring psychological tests none of the above

Results for a client on a psychological test A B C D

21

a waste of time for the psychologist and client a shorter testing time higher testing fees the need to use more tests

According to the authors of the textbook A B C D

20

the test has local norms the test does not have any copyright restrictions the test has been reviewed in the Mental Measurements Yearbook the test is appropriate for use with the particular client in terms of his/her demographics

Failure to ensure that all the materials required for a psychological testing session are in the test kit and that the test materials are intact can result in A B C D

19

they can afford to pay for the tests confidential test materials are supplied only to professionals who are appropriately trained and qualified the test purchasers do not have a criminal record the tests are supplied only to professionals who are ethical

Before administering a psychological test, a psychologist should ensure that A B C D

18

Australian Council of Educational Research American Psychological Association Australian Psychological Society Buros Institute of Mental Measurement

In Australia and overseas, test publishers usually require test purchasers to register before they are allowed to buy psychological tests. This is to ensure that A B

17

independent reviews of psychological tests the web sites of psychological tests

should not be interpreted by a computer should be interpreted in isolation should be interpreted by a computer should not be interpreted in isolation

A psychological report should A B C D

directly and adequately answer the referral question be at least 10 pages long use jargon be read only by the client

8

22

It is important for a psychologist to maintain a clearly labelled and well-organised record of cases seen because A B C D

23

The most extensive set of ethical guidelines issued by the Australian Psychological Society is concerned with A B C D

24

B C D

may be deregistered by the registration board will be fined by the Australian Psychological Society will be prosecuted in a court of law may be prosecuted by the Australian Psychological Society

Which of the following statements is correct? A B C D

28

can be exempted legally from following the ethical guidelines issued by the Society does not need to follow the ethical guidelines issued by the Society is still bound by the ethical guidelines of the Society none of the above

If a psychologist violates the ethical principles of the Australian Psychological Society, he/she A B C D

27

reduce inappropriate behaviour punish inappropriate behaviour reinforce appropriate behaviour guide behaviour

If a psychologist is not a member of the Australian Psychological Society, he/she A

26

inappropriate sexual relationships between clients and psychologists psychological testing and assessment informed consent supervision and training of psychologists

‘Ethics’ can be defined as the formulation of principles to A B C D

25

it is a requirement of the Australian Psychological Society it is a legal requirement in many countries it is a requirement of the medical insurance companies none of the above

ethics is the same as morality unlike laws, codes of ethics are readily amended ethics is something that cannot be taught psychologists who are not members of the Australian Psychological Society are not bound by its code of ethics

The code of ethics of the Australian Psychological Society is based on the principles of A B C D

responsibility, competence, and propriety responsibility, competence, and education responsibility, propriety, and education propriety, education, and discipline

9

29

At the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy, the use of psychological tests by the psychologist involved was criticised because A B C D

30

the tests were too expensive the tests used were not developed in Australia the tests used were not developed to diagnose improvements in psychiatric conditions none of the above

According to the textbook, the Psychologists Registration Board of New South Wales was established A B C D

before the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy at about the same time as the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy after the Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy at about the same time as the establishment of the Australian Psychological Society

Answers for Chapter 2 1. A

2. D

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. B

11. C

12. A

13. A

14. C

15. D

16. B

17. D

18. A

19. C

20. D

21. A

22. B

23. B

24. D

25. C

26. A

27. B

28. A

29. C

30. C

10

Chapter 3

Test Scores and Norms 1

Raw scores and linear transformed scores based on them have A B C D

2

Transforming scores on psychological tests is done primarily to A B C D

3

do not make use of the equation for a straight line are inferior to a linear transformation preserve all the features of the original scores are seldom used with modern psychological tests

A T score transformation A B C D

7

compares scores among test takers requires data gathering with a reasonably large sample has been used since the early history of psychological testing all of the above

Non-linear transformations of test scores A B C D

6

provides direct access to their meaning is only the first step in giving them meaning is always done with psychological tests applies properties of the normal curve

Norm referencing of test scores A B C D

5

protect the privacy of the test taker aid interpretation of the scores make the scores more manageable make the scores available for research

Criterion referencing of test scores A B C D

4

the same mean the same standard deviation the same relationship among scores the same range

gives rise to a distribution of scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 has the same mean as the original distribution of raw scores is derived using a non-linear transformation is named after Terman, who was the first to use the transformation

Percentiles A B C D

is another name for scores expressed as per cent correct express the person’s score in terms of where it lies in a distribution of scores are only used when other transformations are not possible provide a normal distribution of scores 11

8

z scores A B C D

9

Which of the following is not a linear transformation? A B C D

10

graphically from a plot of the cumulative distribution of scores by formula from tables of the normal curve from the equation of a straight line

Because normalised standard scores follow a normal distribution they A B C D

15

most people obtain scores in that range clinical experience suggests that it is it is more than 1.5 standard deviations above the mean it is well above the 50 per cent correct mark

Percentiles can be calculated in a number of ways. Which of the following is not a way of calculating a percentile? A B C D

14

is above average is lower than the scores of most others on the test is about average falls at the 84th percentile

A score higher than 65 on an MMPI scale is of interest because A B C D

13

50 per cent 16 per cent 25 per cent 10 per cent

If a z score of 1.33 is obtained we know that the person’s raw score A B C D

12

stanine score T score z score standard score

What proportion of scores in a normal distribution lie above a z score of 1? A B C D

11

can be computed when either an estimate of the mean or an estimate of the standard deviation is available require access to a table of the normal curve for their calculation were used by Wechsler in the first edition of his test of intelligence are rarely used in scoring psychological tests

preserve the differences among the original raw scores have the same mean as the original raw score distribution are attractive to test constructors do not require the use of the normal curve for their interpretation

A score of 115 on a version of Wechsler’s test of intelligence means that the score A B C

is well below average is one standard deviation above the average score on that version is equivalent to a z score of 1.115 12

D 16

Which of the following statements about norms is correct? A B C D

17

C D

the raw score mean on intelligence tests has remained constant over the years the standard deviation of scores on intelligence tests has remained constant over time the raw score mean on intelligence tests has been increasing over the years the raw score mean on intelligence tests has been decreasing over the years

Comparing z scores for two individuals from the same cultural background on a test with norms from a different culture A B C D

22

the larger the sample size the smaller the standard deviation of scores the smaller the sample size the smaller the standard deviation of scores the larger the sample size the smaller the standard error of the mean the larger the sample size the larger the standard error of the mean

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that A B

21

the factors on which he stratified were known to relate to intelligence this was the quickest way norms could be constructed intelligence was thought to be normally distributed sample size was known to be an issue

In estimating a mean from a sample A B C D

20

random samples from the general population are always employed representative samples from the population of interest are employed accidental or convenience samples have been found to be as good as any other random samples are employed for the initial analysis but not subsequently

Wechsler, in developing the norms for his first test of intelligence, used a stratified sampling plan because A B C D

19

for every psychological test there is one and only one set of norms the size of the sample used in developing norms is irrelevant once the norms have been developed different norms may apply for the different purposes for which a test score is used norms are best developed using a criterion referencing approach

In test construction A B C D

18

has a percentile rank of 15

is indefensible is meaningful can only be done if the norms are without error can only be done if the sample size on which the norms are based is adequate

Checking whether the IQ of an individual has changed by readministering the test with which their IQ was originally measured A B C D

is liable to be in error if the test has been renormed between test administrations is not as accurate as using a different test on the second occasion depends on the length of the test being used is no longer a recommended procedure

13

23

The Flynn effect is a factor that needs to be considered A B C D

24

The difference in test performance between percentile scores of 60 and 55 A B C D

25

must be quite high must be quite low must be in the middle range is on a different scale and hence bears no relationship to stanine

Normalised standard scores A B C D

30

90 100 110 50

A Deviation IQ that corresponds to a stanine of 9 A B C D

29

is obtained by fewer than 5 per cent of individuals corresponds to a percentile of 84 is equivalent to a z score of 2 is obtained by more than 20 per cent of test takers

The Deviation IQ on a Wechsler scale at the 50th centile is A B C D

28

16 40 10 the percentile cannot be determined

A sten score of 9.5 A B C D

27

is equivalent to that between percentile scores of 15 and 10 cannot be readily equated to all other 5 point differences in percentiles is equivalent to that between percentile scores of 60 and 70 is twice that between percentile scores of 15 and 10

A T score of 40 corresponds to a percentile of A B C D

26

with all forms of psychological tests with personality tests with interest tests with intelligence tests

are based on percentiles are T scores under another name are based on sten scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15

Wechsler used the z score principle on his test A B C D

to calculate sub-test scores but not full-scale scores to calculate both sub-test scores and full-scale scores to calculate full-scale but not sub-test scores only to determine special indices

14

Answers for Chapter 3 1. C

2. B

3. A

4. D

5. A

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. D

14. C

15. B

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. C

20. C

21. B

22. A

23. D

24. B

25. A

26. C

27. B

28. A

29. A

30. B

15

Chapter 4

Reliability 1

According to classical test score theory, what happens to the true score variance as error in a measure increases? A B C D

2

According to classical test score theory, a test score is made up of A B C D

3

dependability validity utility discriminability

The proportion of observed score variance attributable to random error is known as A B C D

7

random consistent unknowable inconsistent

Another way of talking about the reliability of a test for a particular purpose is to talk about its A B C D

6

systematic variance in the test unsystematic variance in the test clever item writing a problem for the test taker

Systematic error in a test exerts what kind of effect on test scores? A B C D

5

true score variance and nonsystematic variance observed score variance and true score variance observed score variance and error variance observed score variance and systematic variance

The wording of several items on a psychological test makes it more likely that test takers will endorse the ‘Yes’ rather than the ‘No’ option. This is best described as A B C D

4

it increases it decreases it remains constant classical test score theory makes no statement on this point

the reliability coefficient the coefficient of nondetermination the error coefficient one minus the reliability coefficient

Test-retest reliability is sometimes referred to as A

stability 16

B C D 8

The domain sampling model proposes that A B C D

9

B C D

B C D

correlating the judgments made by a panel of experts over a number of instances of judgment making counting the frequency of instances in which a panel of experts disagree finding the proportion of instances in which a panel of experts is undecided averaging the number of decisions a panel of experts gets wrong

Inter-rater reliability A B C D

14

the trait being measured changes over time the trait being measured is essentially episodic in character the trait being measured does not change over time there is a systematic practice effect on the test

The reliability of expert judgment can be estimated by A

13

correlating the total of all even-numbered items with the total of all odd-numbered items correlating the total of items in the first half of the test with the total of items in the second half of the test correlating each item with the total score on the test finding the average of the correlation of each item with every other item

Estimating test reliability by correlating scores from two administrations of the test 6 months apart assumes A B C D

12

split half reliability internal consistency reliability equivalent forms reliability test-retest reliability

Which of the following procedures does not yield an estimate of the reliability of a test? A

11

items in a test are a random sample from a population of possible items the only items possible have been used in the test items have been sampled without replacement the majority of items have the same content

The domain sampling model as originally conceived could not deal well with A B C D

10

consistency long-term reliability concurrent reliability

overcomes the problems of test reliability is a special case of test reliability cannot be estimated statistically uses the same formula as that used for equivalent forms reliability

The concept of ‘domain sampling’ in the psychometric theory of reliability refers to A B C

sampling persons from the population with whom a test may be used sampling items from the population of possible items that could be used in a test sampling tests from the population of tests available to measure a construct

17

D 15

The standard error of measurement of a raw score A B C D

16

it included items that related to different aspects of the construct to be measured it included items that related to different constructs each item was drawn from a different item domain all the items were the same

A high coefficient alpha indicates that A B C D

22

the reliability of the current test the number of items in the current test both A and B neither A nor B

The internal consistency of a test would be high if A B C D

21

what the reliability of the test would be if certain changes were made to it what the individual’s true score on the test is what an individual’s score on the test will be at some future time what the person’s true score would be if the test were lengthened

The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula requires A B C D

20

when the test is first developed when the test’s reliability is first questioned when the test is first readministered when the test is being revised

The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula is so called because it purports to indicate A B C D

19

the reliability of the test for the purpose for which we are using it the standard deviation of scores on the test the mean and standard deviation of scores on the test the reliability of the test for the purposes for which we are using it and the standard deviation of scores on the test

Equivalent forms of a test are usually developed A B C D

18

increases directly as the reliability increases decreases directly as the reliability increases increases proportionately as the reliability increases decreases proportionately as the reliability increases

In making judgments about the precision of a score on a test we need to know A B C D

17

sampling methods from the population that could be used to construct a test

the test has high generalisability scores on the test are stable the test has high internal consistency the test has only one factor

Reliability of a test A

can change if the range of scores on the test is smaller relative to the original sample of scores 18

B C D 23

Coefficient alpha can be calculated A B C D

24

directly with the product of their reliabilities directly with the square root of the product of their reliabilities inversely with the sum of their reliabilities inversely with the square root of the lower of the two reliabilities

Two variables may not correlate highly A B C D

29

cognitive domain personality domain motivation domain projective domain

The correlation between scores on two variables varies A B C D

28

depend on the purpose for which the test is being used have been determined by consensus seldom depart from the agreed value of 0.9 depend on the magnitude of the standard error of measurement

In general the best reliabilities have been obtained with psychological tests in the A B C D

27

the reliability of the test the standard error of the test how the test is to be used the mean score on the test

Expectations about what constitutes a satisfactory degree of reliability A B C D

26

only for tests with dichotomously scored items only for tests with items that have three or more categories only for tests that use a Yes/No or True/False format for all objectively scored tests

Generalisability theory requires that we know A B C D

25

is an unchanging property of a test changes from one administration of a test to another will differ depending on the mean score of the sample or the test

because of the poor reliability of one or both of them because their standard errors of measurement are skewed in opposite directions because their reliabilities are unknown because similar items have been used in assessing both variables

Reliability is A B C D

relevant when considering the score a person obtains on a test or other assessment device relevant only when psychological test results are being considered but not when expert judgements are employed irrelevant for most practical decision making with psychological tests relevant for tests of intelligence only

19

30

Reliability of an assessment device can be improved within limits by A B C D

increasing its length (e.g. using more items) decreasing the time taken to administer it supplementing it with the judgment of the assessor replacing it with the judgment of the assessor

Answers for Chapter 4 1. B

2. A

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. A

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. C

12. A

13. B

14. B

15. B

16. D

17. A

18. A

19. C

20. D

21. C

22. A

23. D

24. C

25. C

26. A

27. A

28. B

29. A

30. A

20

Chapter 5

Validity 1

The validity of a psychological test for a given purpose A B C D

2

The first test developer to be concerned with the issue of test validity was A B C D

3

has no role in test development is another name for construct validity is relevant in developing achievement tests was relied on by Binet and Simon in their work in test development

Members of the general public to whom psychological tests are administered A B C D

7

invented by psychologists given by the order of nature found in psychological test data peculiar to the theory of test validity

Content validity A B C D

6

predictive; construct construct; predictive predictive; concurrent concurrent; predictive

Constructs are A B C D

5

Charles Spearman David Weschler Alfred Binet Charles Stanford

The validity of a psychological test was first considered from the perspective of …validity and only subsequently from the perspective of _____validity A B C D

4

depends on the theory and data available to support its use is determined at the time the test is developed is an immutable characteristic of the test depends on the judgment of those who developed the test

have no way of knowing what a test is about unless told by the test administrator can often guess the nature or purpose of a test from the items included in it always know what a test is about can never guess the range within which their score on the test will lie

In determining predictive validity we need to have A B C D

a highly select group with respect to the construct being assessed a way of judging the appropriateness of the content of the test items another test of the same construct a criterion relevant to performance on the test but external to it 21

8

A test of scholastic aptitude is administered at the beginning of first semester and the academic performance of the sample is examined at the end of the first year of university (i.e. two semesters later). A failure to find a high-to-perfect correlation between test scores and academic performance A B C D

9

In the standard approach to predictive validity, the validity coefficient is estimated by A B C D

10

concurrent validity incremental validity face validity construct validity

In the regression approach to predictive validity the estimate of error is referred to as the A B C D

15

40 per cent relative to that based on a random process an unknown amount the square of the validity coefficient, i.e., 16 per cent 1 minus the validity coefficient, i.e., 60 per cent

When the predictive validity of a psychological test is compared to the prediction that would be made if no test were available, we speak of A B C D

14

the average of the z scores for the two variables the average of the cross products of the raw scores for the two variables the average of the raw scores of the two variables the average of the cross products of the variables expressed as z scores

A test with a validity coefficient of 0.4 improves the prediction of the criterion by A B C D

13

an approximation the least squares method the Procrustes method regression to the mean

The basic formula for the correlation between two variables is A B C D

12

the slope of a straight line relating test scores and criterion the distance of the straight line relating test scores and criterion from the X axis the distance of the straight line relating test scores and criterion from the Y axis the length of the straight line relating test scores and criterion

The standard method for fitting a regression line to a set of data is referred to as A B C D

11

indicates the test lacks predictive validity indicates the test lacks concurrent validity is highly unlikely may indicate a lack of test validity but may also reflect intervening effects unrelated to scholastic aptitude

standard error of the mean standard error of estimate standard error of measurement standard error of the criterion

Decision theory was developed to help with decisions being made where

22

A B C D 16

In a two-choice decision problem (the person belongs to the criterion group or they do not), a false negative decision would be that A B C D

17

D

can improve the effectiveness of selection can change the base rate can increase the valid negative decisions has no influence on the outcome of selection

The sensitivity of a test in clinical diagnosis is A B C D

22

the sum of the false positives and the valid positives the sum of the false positives and the false negatives the sum of the valid positives and the valid negatives one minus the base rate

Manipulating the selection ratio where this is possible A B C D

21

the proportion of the population showing the characteristic the proportion of the population likely to be selected the proportion of the population showing the characteristic and likely to be selected one minus the proportion of the population showing the characteristic

The selection ratio is A B C D

20

should invariably be minimised may be less costly in some situations than false negative errors are in inverse proportion to false negative errors are unlikely in most practical situations where tests are employed

The base rate of a characteristic in a population is A B C

19

the individual belongs to the criterion group when they do not the individual does not belong to the criterion group when they do the individual belongs to neither group the individual belongs to the non-criterion group when they do

False positive errors A B C D

18

there is a degree of uncertainty errors are unlikely there are many possible outcomes the regression approach cannot be employed

the number of valid positives divided by the number of those encountered who show the characteristic being diagnosed the number of valid positives divided by one minus the base rate another term for the specificity of a test the likelihood the test can be faked

An early exposition of the idea of construct validity was in a paper by A B C

Binet and Terman Cronbach and Fiske Cronbach and Meehl

23

D 23

Construct validity A B C D

24

the need to repeat the analysis the lack of construct validity of the creativity tests the tests were too short a good selection of tests

To show some evidence of construct validity a test of moral development should A B C D

29

method variance is non-existent trait variance has been partialled out trait variance will exert a stronger effect than method variance trait variance will be smaller than method variance

Factor analysis of supposedly independent sets of creativity and intelligence tests points to a single factor. This suggests A B C D

28

correlations of two or more variables measured using two or more methods correlations of two or more variables measured using the same method correlations of the same variable measured using two or more methods all of the above

In a multitrait–multimethod analysis it is assumed that if a reasonable level of validity has been achieved A B C D

27

convergent and discriminant validity concurrent and predictive validity sensitivity and specificity content and face validity

A multitrait–multimethod matrix includes A B C D

26

can be approached in a number of different ways is determined by one particular method is an alternative to predictive validity is based on decision theory

Campbell and Fiske devised the multitrait–multimethod matrix to assist in the analysis of A B C D

25

Cronbach and Campbell

show differences between older and younger children show stability over the life span show higher scores for adolescents than adults be unrelated to age trends

Having provided evidence of the construct validity of a test A B C D

it is unnecessary to examine its predictive validity in a situation where it is to be employed is strong evidence for the face validity of the test means no further work on validity is required does not preclude examining validity for specific purposes

24

30

Examining the validity of a test A B C D

helps refine our understanding of the construct operationalised in the test extends the range of application of the test provides a better test all of the above

Answers for Chapter 5 1. A

2. C

3. A

4. A

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. D

9. A

10. B

11. D

12. A

13. B

14. B

15. A

16. B

17. B

18. A

19. A

20. A

21. A

22. C

23. A

24. A

25. D

26. C

27. B

28. A

29. D

30. D

25

Chapter 6

Test Construction 1

The empirical approach to psychological test development A B C D

2

The first step in constructing a psychological test is to A B C D

3

C D

a catalogue of test reviews a classification scheme for mental disorder an encyclopaedia of psychometrics a handbook of good practice in assessment

According to S S Stevens, which of the following is not a type of measurement? A B C D

7

a ratio scale a reliable scale a random scale a representative scale

The Mental Measurements Yearbook is A B C D

6

conform to the highest possible form of measurement seldom achieve more than a statement about rank order in terms of the characteristic of interest provide for a true zero in terms of the characteristic invariably specify equal intervals on their measurement scales

Because 0˚C does not represent the complete absence of heat, the Celsius scale cannot be considered A B C D

5

determine the sample size to which the test is administered review the relevant literature identify a likely publisher for the test be clear about the construct or constructs to be assessed with the test

Psychological tests A B

4

begins with a sound theory relies on the frequency of endorsement of items by selected groups continues to be the major approach to the construction of personality tests ensures that all items in the test have high face validity

ordinal interval dichotomous nominal

The model of measurement that underlies many commercially available psychological tests is A B

the manifest trait model the weak true score model 26

C D 8

A trace line for an item relates A B C D

9

Rensis Likert Louise Guttman Georg Rasch Charles Spearman

Scalogram analysis implies that a person’s position on a trait indicates A B C D

14

linear trace line monotonic trace line non-monotonic trace line deterministic trace line

Thurstone’s approach to the construction of attitude scales was replaced for most practical purposes by one developed by A B C D

13

item difficulty is often selected as the focus of interest the assumptions of the theory are ignored items of equal difficulty are sought items of intermediate difficulty are sought

Thurstone’s model for item construction calls for a A B C D

12

specifies the parameters of the trace line requires more of the items in the test to conform to the model uses a steeper trace line includes classical true score theory as a special case

In using Item Response Theory in practice A B C D

11

the outline of the item to the specification of the construct the inverse of the strength of the trait to item frequency the proportion of items correct to the strength of the underlying trait the likelihood of endorsement of the item to the strength of the underlying trait

Item Response Theory is a stricter model for test construction than classical true score theory in that it A B C D

10

S S Stevens’s measurement types the Guttman model

whether they will get a test item right or wrong that they are more likely to get the item right than wrong that they are likely to get the item right or wrong but it is by no means certain that they will be unsure of the correct response

Multiple choice tests provide more than two options for each question to overcome the problem of A B C D

faking carelessness defensiveness guessing

27

15

An important step in writing items for psychological tests is to A B C D

16

Test construction A B C D

17

how we ensure the sample is normally distributed how we ensure everyone in the sample is normal what we expect the average response to be how the test is to be used

Although it is useful to include norms for different groups from the population we need to bear in mind that A B C D

22

indicates to the unqualified potential user that they should not be using the test is comprehensible to the qualified test user is precise enough to satisfy measurement specialists all of the above

In norming a test we need to bear in mind A B C D

21

finding a publisher preparing a manual for the test user deciding on price selecting an attractive packaging

A good manual for a psychological test A B C D

20

poor items good items reliable items valid items

In preparing a test for publication we need to spend a good deal of time on A B C D

19

is a linear process with one stage following the other without variation is a relatively inexpensive process follows a sequence of steps but these steps may need to be retraced from time to time can be done quite quickly using modern computers

Items with very high or very low endorsement frequencies generally are A B C D

18

pilot test the items with individuals similar to those for whom the test is being developed provide translations into other languages compare the content with existing psychological tests use item writers who are blind to the meaning of the construct being tested

increasing the number of groups decreases the overall sample size required increasing the number of groups increases the overall sample size required increasing the number of groups increases the overall standard deviation increasing the number of groups decreases the overall standard deviation

The biserial correlation A B

is another name for the point biserial correlation is a type of product moment correlation 28

C D 23

In conducting item analysis in test construction A B C D

24

C D

27

a living saint trying to create a favourable impression of himself or herself a very truthful individual not paying attention

If p is the proportion of a sample endorsing a dichotomously scored item in the keyed direction and q is 1-p (i.e., the proportion endorsing the item in the opposite direction), then the standard deviation of scores on the item is A

p

B

q

C D

pq pq

The term ‘social desirability’ when used with respect to construction of a personality test refers to the fact that A B C D

28

people respond to non-essential features of items rather than to item content peoples’ responses to items varies greatly from one administration of the items to the next some people do not sustain their attention when answering the items items are not easy to understand

If a person endorses a substantial number of items in the improbable direction (e.g., ‘I have never told a lie in my life’), we might infer the person is A B C D

26

the procedure can be repeated with new samples of items until a satisfactory set has been found the procedure should be used once and once only so as not to capitalise on chance the procedure can only be repeated using the same set of items the procedure cannot be repeated with the same set of items

Systematic bias in a test can occur when A B

25

can be estimated from the item discrimination index can be estimated from the item reliability index

people differ in their tendency to create a favourable impression of themselves when answering test items people differ in how strongly they are drawn to the company of others people differ in how attractive they find social activities people differ in terms of their tendency to agree rather than disagree with personality statements

In studying the behaviour of items in a psychological test, one of the item statistics recommended by some experts is item reliability. This is A B C D

the product of the item–total correlation and the variance of the item the product of the item–total correlation and the standard deviation of the item the product of the square roots of the item–total correlation and item variance the product of the item–total correlation and the square root of the item variance 29

29

The item validity is the A B C D

30

correlation of the item score with the total score on the test correlation of the item with an external criterion measure of the construct being tested average correlation of the item with all other items correlation of the item with the average score on all other items

The discriminability of an item refers to the capacity of the item to A B C D

separate those that are high and low on the trait of interest distinguish between minority and majority groups identify those who get the item correct identify those who get the difficult items right

Answers for Chapter 6 1. B

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. D

9. A

10. A

11. C

12. A

13. A

14. D

15. A

16. C

17. A

18. B

19. D

20. D

21. B

22. C

23. A

24. A

25. B

26. C

27. A

28. B

29. B

30. A

30

Chapter 7

Clinical and Mental Health Testing and Assessment 1

For psychologists who work in the mental health setting A B C D

2

Case history data for a client in a mental health setting A B C D

3

providing information identifying malingerers verifying information establishing rapport

Information commonly obtained during a clinical interview includes A B C D

6

a lot of information about the client can be collected very quickly it is more accurate than other psychological assessment techniques it is more valid than other psychological assessment techniques it enables psychologists to elicit information that is not readily available from the client’s record or file

Which of the followings is not a function of the clinical interview? A B C D

5

should be collected with the relevant privacy policies of government departments in mind should not be collected from the client is not usually required is usually inaccurate

The clinical interview is a useful psychological assessment technique for psychologists who work in a mental health setting because A B C D

4

referral questions are usually not provided by either the clients or other professionals referral questions provided by the clients are usually realistic and answerable referral questions provided by other professionals are usually realistic and answerable it is important to clarify the referral question for a client to make it realistic and answerable

client history (e.g., medical, family, educational and vocational, psychological) and attitude towards mental health problems demographic data and attitude towards mental health problems demographic data and client history (e.g., medical, family, educational and vocational, psychological) demographic data and the background of the relevant referral agents

Which of the following areas are usually covered in a Mental Status Examination? A

appearance, orientation, affect, thought content and process, insight 31

B C D 7

The DSM-IV-TR was published by the A B C D

8

16 and 89 16 and 90 17 and 89 17 and 90

Which of the following is not a verbal subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition? A B C D

13

Stanford-Binet – Fifth Edition Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition Raven’s Progressive Matrices Gardner Multiple Intelligence Test

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition was developed for adults between _____ and _____ years old A B C D

12

it is atheoretical it is comprehensive it is low in reliability and validity it adheres too closely to the medical model

Which of the following is the most commonly used intelligence test throughout the world? A B C D

11

three four five six

Which of the following is not a common criticism of the DMS-IV-TR? A B C D

10

American Psychological Association Australian Psychological Association American Psychiatric Association World Health Organization

The DSM-IV-TR contains a list of psychiatric disorders and a client is classified in terms of a set of _____ axes or clinically important factors A B C D

9

appearance, orientation, tendency to lie, thought content and process, insight CT scan, appearance, orientation, affect, insight orientation, affect, thought content and process, insight, CT scan

Digit Span Vocabulary Arithmetic Matrix Reasoning

Which of the following is not a performance subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition? A B

Letter-Number Sequencing Digit Symbol-Coding

32

C D 14

Which of the following is considered a major strength of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition? A B C D

15

is based on Freud’s theory is a sensitive instrument that can be administered individually or in a group has been criticised for having a small standardisation sample is easily susceptible to faking

Which of the followings are the main clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2? A B C D

20

multiple regression factor analysis empirical keying structural equation modelling

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 A B C D

19

16 PF Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 was developed using a method called A B C D

18

the price of the test the time it takes to administer the test the theory of intelligence from which it was developed its low criterion-related validity

Which of the following is a commonly used personality test around the world? A B C D

17

the computerised scoring package developed for the test the price of the test the size and representativeness of the standardisation sample its long history

One of the limitations of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition is A B C D

16

Block Design Picture Arrangement

Depression, Schizophrenia, Social Introversion, Paranoia Depression, Schizophrenia, Paranoia, Alcoholism Depression, Hyperactivity, Paranoia, Alcoholism Schizophrenia, Autism, Social Introversion, Paranoia

The Rorschach Inkblot Test A B C D

is commonly used in Australia and the US is not commonly used in Australia and the US is not commonly used in the US but is still being used in Australia is not commonly used in Australia but is still being used in the US

33

21

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is A B C D

22

The Personality Assessment Inventory is a _____ developed to _____ A B C D

23

it has a very high coefficient alpha clinical psychologists report it is useful it correlates with ratings of depression by psychiatrists it has been found to discriminate between individuals who suffer from clinical depression and those who do not

The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales A B C D

26

depression and anorexia depression and personality problem depression and anxiety anxiety and personality problem

Which of the following has been used to support the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory – II? A B C D

25

self-report technique; assess a specific mental health problem self-report technique; provide a comprehensive assessment of mental health problems performance-based technique; assess a specific mental health problem performance-based technique; provide a comprehensive assessment of mental health problems

According to the textbook, _____ and _____ are the two mental health problems that contribute most to the non-fatal disease burden in Australia A B C D

24

an individually administered projective technique that comprises 10 cardboard plates an individually administered objective technique that comprises 8 cardboard plates a group administered projective technique that comprises 10 cardboard plates a group administered projective technique that comprises 8 cardboard plates

is a self-report technique developed in Australia to measure the states of depression, anxiety, and stress is a projective technique developed in Australia to measure the states of depression, anxiety and stress is a self-report technique developed in New Zealand to measure the states of depression, anxiety, and stress is a projective technique developed in New Zealand to measure the states of depression, anxiety, and stress

Which of the following is an item from the Anxiety scale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales? A B C D

I felt that I had lost interest in just about everything I felt I was close to panic I found it hard to wind down I found myself getting upset by quite trivial things

34

27

Which of the following statements has been used to support the validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales? A B C D

28

A psychological report is important because A B C D

29

it is required by the Australian Psychological Society it is required by psychologists’ registration boards in Australia it allows the client and the referral agent to challenge the results in a court of law if they do not agree with the psychologist’s conclusion and suggestions it allows the client and the referral agent to understand the rationale of the psychologist’s conclusions and suggestions

According to Shellenberger and Brenner, a good psychological report A B C D

30

clinical psychologists report it is useful it has a very high coefficient alpha there are significant correlations between Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory it has a high inter-rater agreement

is individualised rather than general, is theory-focused, and is written and delivered on time is general rather than individualised, is theory focused, and is written and delivered on time is individualised rather than general, answers the referral question directly, and is written and delivered on time is general rather than individualised, answers the referral question directly, and is written and delivered on time

Which of the following is not a commonly used heading in a psychological report? A B C D

Relevant Theory Relevant Background Results and Interpretation Recommendations

Answers for Chapter 7 1. D

2. A

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. C

8. C

9. B

10. B

11. A

12. D

13. A

14. C

15. B

16. D

17. C

18. B

19. A

20. D

21. A

22. B

23. C

24. D

25. A

26. B

27. C

28. D

29. C

30. A

35

Chapter 8

Organisational Testing and Assessment 1

The first great impetus to psychological testing in industry came from A B C D

2

Performance appraisal refers to A B C D

3

Behaviourally Ordered Selection Behavioural Observation Scale Biographic Orientation Score Behavioural Orientation Scale

The first step in developing BARS and BOS is A B C D

7

Biodata Administered with Reliability and Significance Behavioural Assessment of Relevant Standards Behavioural Assessment for Recruiting and Selection Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scale

BOS stands for A B C D

6

quality validity reliability relevance

BARS stands for A B C D

5

appraising a person’s performance on a psychological test scoring a person’s performance on a psychological test the assessment of worker’s performance on the job a particular approach to management which emphasises psychological assessment

Quantitative criteria are usually deficient in terms of A B C D

4

the development of the Army Alpha and Army Beta during the First World War the publication of Hugo Munsterberg’s general psychological text for industry the establishment of the Institute of Industrial Psychology by C S Myers in London in 1918 the formation of the College of Organisational Psychologists of the Australian Psychological Society in 1993

the development of a frequency-of-observation scale content analysis of job behaviours location of anchors along the entire length of the scale critical incident job analysis

All raters involved in performance appraisal need A B C

several years of managerial experience several years of observation experience training 36

D 8

Desirable behaviours frequently observed and undesirable behaviours infrequently observed form the theoretical basis of A B C D

9

job sampling selection by fiat selection on the criterion post-appointment selection

The main problem with selecting on the criterion is that A B C D

15

organisational citizenship behaviours interpersonal skills labour market conditions office layout and soft furnishings

In personnel selection, the process of appointing everyone who applies for a position and then retaining only those whose performance is satisfactory after some period of time is referred to as A B C D

14

input of the worker and input of the technology working and doing supervisor observations and peer observations task performance and contextual performance

Contextual performance is mainly composed of A B C D

13

medicine sport pharmacies headaches

The two main types of job performance are A B C D

12

rank ordering job preview paired comparisons supervisor ratings

Technology is to job performance as drugs are to A B C D

11

BOS BARS graphic rating scales performance appraisal

Which of the following is not a performance appraisal method? A B C D

10

BARS

it is a form of job try-out it has low validity it is only applicable to a few jobs it is extremely expensive

A false positive in personnel selection is

37

A B C D 16

A false negative in personnel selection is A B C D

17

should be used with a criterion of 0.05 can be thought of as a quantitative literature review can be used to test the difference between two group means should be used repeatedly until there is only one study left

The raw data used in meta-analysis are A B C D

22

is another name for second-order factor analysis has determined the validity of personnel selection to be about 0.40 was the method used by Carroll in formulating his Three Stratum Theory is the study of other research studies

Meta-analysis A B C D

21

fluid and crystallised intelligence form the third stratum general intelligence sits at the top of a hierarchy of cognitive abilities specific job-related behaviours form the first stratum of the hierarchy abilities flow through each level until they reach the third stratum

Meta-analysis A B C D

20

regularly reviewing the selection process selecting on the criterion using a predictor with a validity of 1.0 implementing a probationary period

In Carroll’s Three Stratum Theory A B C D

19

the rejection of an applicant who could have been successful the appointment of someone whose job performance turns out to be substandard the misidentification of a potential problem the use of a test with negative validity

Selection errors can be eliminated by A B C D

18

the rejection of an applicant who could have been successful the appointment of someone whose job performance turns out to be substandard the incorrect scoring of a psychological test leading to someone being appointed who shouldn’t have been the use of a test with negative validity

group means test scores effect sizes performance appraisal ratings

Personnel selection is basically the study of A B C D

individual differences human cognitive abilities general mental ability personality

38

23

Work sample tests A B C D

24

The most valid forms of interview are A B C D

25

a place where assessments are conducted comprised of many different activities a place where assessment information is collated an index of central tendency for a large number of assessments

Biodata A B C D

30

dependability and conscientiousness general mental ability social and interpersonal skills previous experience

An assessment centre is A B C D

29

assessments made by someone in very high office obtained by secretly observing someone over a prolonged period assessments made by one’s co-workers and colleagues used mainly with external applicants

Integrity tests are influenced by someone’s A B C D

28

they are followed up with reference checks they look like standardised tests the interviewee is put under time pressure the interviewers take notes

Peer ratings are A B C D

27

situational interviews panel interviews behavioural interviews structured interviews

Interviews become more valid when A B C D

26

are specifically designed hands-on simulations of the main tasks to be performed in a particular job have moderate predictive validities require the job applicant to work through a large sample of tests are critically dependent on obtaining a large sample size

are physiological indicators such as saliva samples are assessments by one’s co-workers and colleagues are information about one’s past experience and life history are the data that go into a bioassay

Personality factors are A B C D

not relevant to either task or contextual performance more relevant to task performance than to contextual performance relevant to task and contextual performance to an equal degree more relevant to contextual performance than to task performance 39

Answers for Chapter 8 1. A

2. C

3. A

4. D

5. B

6. D

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. B

11. D

12. A

13. C

14. D

15. B

16. A

17. C

18. B

19. D

20. B

21. C

22. A

23. A

24. D

25. B

26. C

27. A

28. B

29. C

30. D

40

Chapter 9

Neuropsychological Testing and Assessment 1

The brain is made up of neurons and glia. The main function of glia is A B C D

2

The three main types of neurons are A B C D

3

reception neuron, conduction neuron and action neuron sensory neuron, motor neuron, and conduction neuron sensory neuron, conduction neuron, and action neuron sensory neuron, motor neuron, and interneuron

The brain stem comprises A B C D

4

holding neurons together conducting nerve impulses providing nutrients to neurons producing neurotransmitters

pons, basal ganglia, and recticular formation cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and basal ganglia medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum cerebellum, basal ganglia, and recticular formation

The structure Y in the following figure is the A B C D

tail of caudate head of caudate putamen globus pallidus

Note to lecturer: To create more questions, you can substitute the letter Y with the other letters shown on the diagram. 5

The structure X in the following figure is the 41

A B C D

cerebellum cortex pons medulla oblongata

Note to lecturer: To create more questions, you can substitute the letter X with the other letters shown on the diagram. 6

Which of the following functions is usually associated with the limbic system? A B C D

7

Which of the following functions is usually associated with the basal ganglia? A B C D

8

frontal temporal parietal occipital

Which of the following sets of lobes is associated with auditory perception? A B C D

10

motor speech somatosensory regulation of emotion

Which of the following sets of lobes is associated with executive function? A B C D

9

motor speech somatosensory regulation of emotion

frontal temporal parietal occipital

Which of the following sets of lobes is associated with memory function?

42

A B C D 11

Amyloid plaques are usually found in the brain of patients with A B C D

12

C D

closed head injury open head injury symptomatic epilepsy idiopathic epilepsy

_____ stroke is more common and it is associated with _____ A B C D

17

memory and learning difficulties, disorientation, and loss of consciousness memory and learning difficulties, disorientation, and problems with abstract thinking disorientation, loss of sensation, and problems with abstract thinking loss of consciousness, loss of sensation, and problems with abstract thinking

The Glasgow Coma Scale is usually associated with A B C D

16

stroke traumatic brain injury Alzheimer’s disease brain tumour

The main symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are A B

15

is different for different sufferers is the same for all sufferers can be identified cannot be identified

According to the textbook, which of the following conditions is the largest single cause of disability among neurological disorders in Australia? A B C D

14

closed head injury epilepsy Alzheimer’s disease brain tumour

In idiopathic epilepsy, the cause of the seizure A B C D

13

frontal temporal parietal occipital

haemorrhagic; blockage of arteries haemorrhagic; rupture of arteries ischemic; blockage of arteries ischemic; rupture of arteries

Headache, stiff neck and dizziness are usually associated with A B C D

open head injury cerebral infection stroke epilepsy

43

18

Slowing in speed in information processing is usually associated with A B C D

19

According to the textbook, who was the first person to use the term neuropsychology in a publication? A B C D

20

Wechsler Memory Scale Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery Boston Aphasia Battery

The Finger Tapping Test of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is used to assess A B C D

25

decide if a patient should be admitted to the hospital guide medication prescription help decide whether an MRI should be conducted provide a comprehensive description of neuropsychological functions

Which of the following is a fixed neuropsychological battery? A B C D

24

reflex attention language memory

A neuropsychological assessment is usually conducted to A B C D

23

rehabilitation assessment test construction psycho-education

Which of the following functions is not commonly assessed by a clinical neuropsychologist? A B C D

22

Muriel Lezak Ward Halstead Ralph Reitan Donald Hebb

Which of the following is not the job of a clinical neuropsychologist? A B C D

21

open head injury tumour epilepsy closed head injury

motor speed motor strength visual-motor coordination visual-motor integration

The Stroop Color-Word Interference Test is usually used as a test of A B

verbal fluency visual perception 44

C D 26

Human attention is not a unitary construct and is considered to comprise A B C D

27

motor strength sensation language attention

Most neuropsychological tests of memory and learning are involved in the assessment of A B C D

30

concept formation, memory, and problem solving concept formation, planning, and problem solving attention span, planning, and problem solving concept formation, planning, and motor strength

Aphasia literally means no A B C D

29

focused attention, selective attention, and executive attention attention span, focused attention, and selective attention attention span, selective attention, and executive attention focused attention, attention span, and immediate attention

Executive function is not a unitary construct and is considered to comprise A B C D

28

memory attention

implicit memory semantic memory episodic memory short-term memory

The Purdue Pegboard is a test of motor dexterity and was originally developed to A B C D

select assembly line workers detect brain damage select school children estimate IQ

Answers for Chapter 9 1. A

2. D

3. C

4. A

5. C

6. D

7. A

8. A

9. B

10. B

11. C

12. D

13. A

14. B

15. A

16. C

17. B

18. D

19. D

20. C

21. A

22. D

23. C

24. A

25. D

26. B

27. B

28. C

29. C

30. A

45

Chapter 10

Forensic Psychological Testing and Assessment 1

The word ‘forensic’ means A B C D

2

Compared to other branches of professional psychology, forensic psychology is A B C D

3

D

assisting lawyers in preparing prosecution/defence cases acting as expert witness in court changing public opinion about criminal behaviour forensic psychological testing and assessment

The primary purpose of forensic psychological testing and assessment is A B C D

6

psychologists had not been asked to appear in courts as expert witness psychologists had been asked to appear in courts as expert witness psychologists were not interested in contributing to the working of the legal and criminal justice systems psychologists were not allowed to contribute to the working of the legal and criminal justice systems

According to the textbook, one of the major contributions of forensic psychology is A B C D

5

relatively young relatively old based on theories not based on theories

Before the recognition of forensic psychology as a specialty area of psychology A B C

4

criminal justice of or used in connection with courts of law investigation

to assist those who work in the legal and criminal justice system to make decisions to enable forensic psychologists to act as expert witnesses to help with law enforcement to help suspects in criminal cases

When psychologists in other professional areas (e.g., clinical, neuropsychological, organisational) engage in forensic assessment A B C D

they are not expected to follow guidelines and ethics in forensic psychology they are expected to follow guidelines and ethics in forensic psychology they are required by law to consult a forensic psychologist they are required by law to consult a lawyer

46

7

According to Ogloff and Douglas, the results of forensic assessment are needed if they are found by the court to be A B C D

8

In deciding whether forensic psychological evidence is admissible in a court of law, which of the following requirements must be satisfied? A B C D

9

4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years

In Australia and other Commonwealth countries, the three main jurisdictions are A B C D

13

to use commercially available tests that are documented in at least two sources to use a test that has a standardisation sample with n = 1000 to make sure the test chosen is applicable or suitable to the person being assessed to use a test that is directly relevant to the legal issue involved, or at least use a test that assesses psychological constructs that are relevant to the legal issue

In Australia, the minimum length of university training required for membership of the College of Forensic Psychology, Australian Psychological Society, is A B C D

12

may provide factual information as well as offer an opinion cannot be prosecuted for perjury may offer an opinion but not provide factual information is not subjected to cross-examination

According to Heilbrun, which of the following is not a requirement for selecting psychological tests to use in a court case? A B C D

11

the evidence is required by the judge or jury to assist in decision making the evidence is provided by a suitably qualified professional the evidence is based on scientific facts or data that are widely accepted by other experts in the area all of the above

Compared to other witnesses in a court case, an expert witness A B C D

10

of assistance to the prosecutors provided by a registered forensic psychologist relevant and related to one or more legal standards raised by a case of assistance to the defence lawyers

criminal, civil, and family criminal, civil, and high family, high, and criminal local, family, and high

Forensic assessment is considered different from therapeutic assessment because A B C D

the validity of the tests used is different the time required to conduct assessment is different the tests used for assessment are different the purpose of assessment is different

47

14

The standards being considered in forensic assessment include scientific, professional, and A B C D

15

In forensic assessment, the response style of a client is A B C D

16

forensic, forensically related, and clinical forensic, forensically related, and experimental intelligence, personality, and neuropsycholgical clinical, experimental, and forensic

The MacArthur Competence Assessment tool is an example of a(n) _____ assessment instrument A B C D

21

the psychologist and client always share similar purposes the psychologist and client do not always share the same purpose the psychologist is expected to assist the client the psychologist is not required to be objective

According to Heilbrun, Roger, and Otto, the three types of assessment instruments used in forensic assessment are A B C D

20

more valid more expensive longer, more comprehensive, and more detailed shorter but more detailed

In forensic assessment A B C D

19

the client only the court only the client and the court the client, the attorney, and the court

Compared to a therapeutic assessment report, a forensic assessment report is A B C D

18

assumed to be reliable not assumed to be reliable assumed to be chronological not assumed to be chronological

The person(s) served by forensic assessment include A B C D

17

legal economic social all of the above

clinical experimental forensic objective

The Psychopathy Checklist – Revised is an example of a _____ assessment instrument A B

projective forensically-related 48

C D 22

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 is an example of a(n) _____ assessment instrument A B C D

23

the child’s interest and well-being are paramount the validity of the tests used is paramount the time spent on testing is paramount the parents’ financial situations are paramount

The Structured Interview of Report Symptoms was designed to A B C D

28

lying; and high tolerance of pain lying; and chronically unstable and antisocial lifestyle callous, selfish, remorseless use of other; and lying callous, selfish, remorseless use of other; and chronically unstable and antisocial lifestyle

When conducting forensic assessment in child custody cases, the American Psychological Association emphasises that psychologists need to keep in mind that A B C D

27

forensic psychiatrists forensic psychologists clinical psychologists clinical neuropsychologists

The Psychopathy Checklist – Revised provides one overall score and the following factor scores A B C D

26

malingering prediction of aggression prediction of sexual preference custody evaluation

In Australia, assessment of competency to stand trial is usually conducted by A B C D

25

forensically related forensic clinical experimental

Forensic assessment has contributed to all except which of the following areas? A B C D

24

clinical forensic

assess psychopathy detect malingering evaluate competency to stand trial assess antisocial behaviour

One of the most common symptoms associated with malingering is A B C D

dementia back pain memory headache

49

29

In malingering assessment, the term sensitivity is defined as A B C D

30

proportion of simulators correctly classified proportion of non-simulators correctly classified proportion of simulators incorrectly classified proportion of non-simulators incorrectly classified

Which of the following is not a limitation of forensic assessment? A B C D

low reliability and validity time required to complete assessment susceptibility to faking of self-report instruments used small sample size used in most validation studies

Answers for Chapter 10 1. C

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. B

11. C

12. A

13. D

14. A

15. B

16. D

17. C

18. B

19. A

20. C

21. B

22. C

23. C

24. A

25. D

26. A

27. B

28. C

29. A

30. B

50

Chapter 11

Educational Testing and Assessment 1

Herbart’s five-step process was A B C D

2

Achievement tests assess A B C D

3

using assessment devices to facilitate learning assessment devices used for evaluative purposes the sum of the correct answers on a test the format of particular test items

A take-home exam is a good example of A B C D

7

the sum of the correct answers on a test using assessment devices to facilitate learning assessment devices used for evaluative purposes the format of particular test items

Formative assessment refers to A B C D

6

past learning future learning potential need for achievement innate potential

Summative assessment refers to A B C D

5

past learning future learning potential need for achievement innate potential

Aptitude tests assess A B C D

4

experience an activity, reflect on that experience, extract the general principles, apply them to a new situation, and repeat the process start with a case study, tell a story, summarise the story, extract the lesson, and apply it to a new situation motivate the subject matter, present the material, integrate it with what is already known, extract the lesson, and apply it to a new situation motivate the subject matter, present the material, integrate it with what is already known, emphasise general principles, and facilitate practice

aptitude assessment summative assessment achievement assessment formative assessment

Local norms refer to A

parent’s attitudes towards testing 51

B C D 8

The WISC–IV is a good example of A B C D

9

B C D

none one two three

J C Raven invented the progressive matrices in an attempt to develop a pure measure of A B C D

14

none one two three

When computing the Full Scale IQ on the WISC–IV, how many substitutions are permitted? A B C D

13

complement supermental tests extend the range of abilities sampled complement fundamental tests give test administrators choice over which subtests to use

When computing the index scores on the WISC–IV, how many substitutions are permitted? A B C D

12

Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, Processing Speed Index Verbal Index, Perceptual Index, Performance Index, Full Scale Index Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, Full Scale IQ Similarities Index, Block Design Index, Digit Span Index, Coding Index

The purpose of supplemental tests in the WISC–IV is to A B C D

11

a test designed for preschool children an individually administered achievement test an individually administered aptitude test a formative mode of assessment

What are the index scores that can be calculated from the WISC–IV? A

10

test norms developed for particular geographical regions local government policy on testing and assessment tests designed by a teacher for use in a particular class

Spearman’s g matrix reasoning progressive intelligence performance IQ

Raven’s progressive matrices were designed to be A B C D

self-training self-administering used with only a small section of the population used only by people who are colour-blind

52

15

Raven’s progressive matrices are considered to be A B C D

16

General aptitude tests are good measures of _____ abilities, whereas general achievement tests are good measures of _____ abilities A B C D

17

idealistic career choices sensible and achievable career aspirations jobs involving direct interaction with the physical world straight-talking vocational counsellors who get to the point

Investigative people prefer A B C D

22

occupations hobbies and pastimes self-rated competencies school subjects

Realistic people prefer A B C D

21

oral expression learning difficulties eligibility for placement in special education programs giftedness

The earliest form of vocational interest test consisted of a list of A B C D

20

individual achievement verbal and performance abilities incidental and non-incidental learning literacy and numeracy

The WIAT–II is not designed to assess A B C D

19

crystallised; fluid fluid; crystallised cognitive; developmental developmental; cognitive

The WIAT–II assesses A B C D

18

based on matrix algebra based on progressive thought culture fair culturally dependent

analysing and solving problems detective work finding out about many occupations before making a final decision persuading and negotiating with other people

Artistic people value A B C D

conformity creativity working with their hands expensive paintings 53

23

Social people enjoy A B C D

24

Enterprising people prefer A B C D

25

Rational, Imaginative, Affected, Sentimental, Entrepreneurial, Conservative Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Entrepreneurial, Conventional Realistic Interest Assessment Scoring for Each Candidate Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional

The best measure of RIASEC is the A B C D

30

was originally developed in the 1920s compares strong interests to weak interests assesses the strength of a person’s vocational interests was developed by Holland to supplement the SDS

RIASEC stands for A B C D

29

circumplex triangle hexagon dodecahedron

The Strong Vocational Interest Inventory A B C D

28

office work 9-to-5 jobs plain colours and quiet suburbs jobs with a low level of structure

Holland’s model of vocational interests is structured around a A B C D

27

compiling business data starting their own business carefully researching all the options before making a decision sales and marketing occupations

Conventional people prefer A B C D

26

gossip going to parties interacting with other people working with their hands

SDS SVII WISC–IV RPM

The basic dimensions of the structure of vocational interests are A B C D

hexagonal in shape Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional People vs Things and Data vs Ideas circular in nature

54

Answers for Chapter 11 1. D

2. A

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. A

15. C

16. B

17. D

18. D

19. A

20. C

21. A

22. B

23. C

24. D

25. A

26. C

27. A

28. D

29. B

30. C

55

Chapter 12

The Future of Testing and Assessment 1

The theory of multiple intelligences posits the existence of A B C D

2

Practical intelligence involves A B C D

3

D

using a computer to present a pencil-and-paper test working through a test booklet without paying adequate attention working through a test booklet with the help of an assistant to turn the pages, if necessary an Internet test in which the pages are hyperlinked

The cross-mode correlation between non-speeded computerised and pencil-and-paper tests is about A B C D

7

knowledge of emotional states the ability to feign emotions when necessary the ability to recognise and control one’s own and others’ emotions the emotional reaction that occurs when completing an intelligence test

Automatic page turning is A B C

6

declarative knowledge gained through instruction procedural knowledge gained through experience knowledge of tacits knowledge of how to do well on tests

Emotional intelligence is A B C D

5

knowledge of processes and procedures knowledge of facts and figures knowledge of practical skills like woodwork and car maintenance knowledge of how to cheat other people without being caught

Tacit knowledge is A B C D

4

a new intelligence for every person tested transpersonal, suprapersonal and artistic intelligences practical intelligence interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence

0.30 –0.72 –0.85 0.97

MAT is to CAT as MANOVA is to A B C

ANOVA CANOVA ANCOVA 56

D 8

CAT involves A B C D

9

its latent factor-centred design its dependency on Item Response Theory an examinee is required to complete a CAT before moving onto a MAT an examinee is required to remember the instructions of all subtests simultaneously

Item-generation techniques are easy to apply to A B C D

14

the frequent chopping and changing between item types its multidimensional adaptability its prolonged administration time a MAT is basically a collection of CATs

Another disadvantage of MAT is A B C D

13

SAT is more efficient than CAT CAT is more efficient than MAT MAT is more efficient than CAT CAT, SAT and MAT are equally efficient

A disadvantage of MAT is A B C D

12

testing clothing manufacturers tailoring a test to an organisation’s needs adapting test content to an examinee in real time tailoring feedback to a person’s emotional state

Which of the following statements is true? A B C D

11

Computer Assisted Tomography a computer continuously monitoring an examinee’s performance and presenting items depending on the person’s performance so far a computer scoring a large number of tests and providing a report that is most appropriate for each person the application of classical test theory

Tailored testing involves A B C D

10

PAVLOVA

verbal items figural ability items open-ended questions projective tests

The idea behind item-generative testing is that A B C D

new items are delivered via the Internet as soon as they become available examinees generate their own items as they work through the test teams of dedicated item writers are continuously updating new versions of the test the computer randomly generates new items based on an underlying rule or algorithm

57

15

An examinee who sacrifices speed for accuracy is emphasising A B C D

16

An examinee who sacrifices accuracy for speed is emphasising A B C D

17

norming tests in an operational environment norming a test by computer as the examinee works through it continually updating test norms as new data comes in choosing the most appropriate norms from a set of norms which vary in terms of age and gender

‘Digital divide’ refers to A B C D

22

authentication of examinees privacy of personal information confidentiality of test items all of the above

‘Dynamic norming’ refers to A B C D

21

retrieval of test data dissemination of test items obtaining informed consent updating methods of scoring

Security concerns for Internet tests include A B C D

20

rapidly parameterising a test so it can be made adaptive accurately timing how long it takes examinees to complete a test using the time needed to answer as one of the difficulty dimensions of a test setting strict time limits for all tests

Which of the following is not an area of advantage for Internet testing? A B C D

19

quality over quantity quantity over quality reliability over validity relevance over contamination

Time-parameterisation involves A B C D

18

quality over quantity quantity over quality reliability over validity relevance over contamination

inequality of access to computer systems among the general public an efficient method of long division developed for digital computers a particular test scoring technique in which fractions are dropped when raw scores are converted to scaled scores a numerical subtest in which examinees are presented with division problems

‘Unsupervised mode’ refers to A B C

learning to use a test by reading the test manual the most frequent score on an unsupervised test delivering tests to the public without the intervention of a psychologist 58

D 23

‘Open mode’ refers to A B C D

24

Internet testing shorter, simpler tests latent-factor centred design computerised adaptive testing

Some authors have suggested that, in the future, psychological tests will include A B C D

30

Internet piracy access to an international audience translation of tests into multiple languages determining which assessment standards apply

In spite of the increasing technical sophistication of tests, there is a growing demand for A B C D

29

tests used in executive recruitment managing the modal response on a test managed care in health delivery formal examination conditions

Globalisation poses unique challenges to psychological testing, especially in terms of A B C D

28

the most frequent score on a supervised test the presence of a human supervisor or test administrator supervision of one’s testing practice by an experienced psychologist tests developed while under the supervision of an experienced psychologist

‘Managed mode’ refers to A B C D

27

logging on to a testing site using a password determining the modal test score by controlling the range of responses control of test development by a test publisher maintaining tight control over the testing situation

‘Supervised mode’ refers to A B C D

26

presenting a puzzle box in an unlocked state open source development of tests by the Internet community a statistic that indexes central tendency by being open to all data points anyone being able to access a test without any form of authentication

‘Controlled mode’ refers to A B C D

25

web bots trawling the Internet for resumés and information about potential job candidates

holograms artificial intelligence virtual reality all of the above

Which form of feedback is likely to be most beneficial? A

a set of normed scores supplemented by descriptions of the constructs being measured 59

B C D

a canned report provided by a computer an assessment by a qualified psychologist that takes into account the examinee’s state of mind and readiness to receive feedback a graph of the examinee’s profile of scores supplemented by descriptions of the constructs being measured

Answers for Chapter 12 1. D

2. A

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. A

8. B

9. C

10. C

11. A

12. D

13. B

14. D

15. A

16. B

17. C

18. C

19. D

20. C

21. A

22. C

23. D

24. A

25. B

26. D

27. D

28. B

29. D

30. C

60