Nitrogen Gass System
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NITROGEN GAS SYSTEM
NITROGEN
Atomic Number: 7
Atomic Weight: 14.0067
Melting Point: 63.15 K (-210.00°C or -346.00°F)
Boiling Point: 77.36 K (-195.79°C or -320.44°F)
Density: 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter
Phase at Room Temperature: Gas
Colorless, tasteless and odorless
78% of air component.
Nitrogen liquid is cryogenic(very low temperature) Non-reactive at room temperature
As a modified atmosphere, pure or mixed with carbon dioxide, to preserve the freshness of packaged or bulk foods
In ordinary incandescent light bulbs as an inexpensive alternative to argon.
The production of electronic parts such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits
Dried and pressurized, as a dielectric gas for high-voltage equipment
The manufacturing of stainless steel. Used in military aircraft fuel systems to reduce fire hazard On top of liquid explosives as a safety measure Filling automotive and aircraft tires due to its inertness Used as a propellant for draught wine, and as an alternative to or together with carbon dioxide for other beverages.
Applications of Nitrogen Compounds
To produce Ammonia – Haber Process fertalizer – ammonium nitrat
potassium nitrate - used in gunpowder
nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene, and nitrocellulose - used as explosives and propellants for modern firearms Nitric acid is used as an oxidizing agent in liquid fueled rockets.
Blanketing – covered flammable gas to avoid explosion
Purging – eliminate toxic gas such as toxilena.
Carrier – act as a carier gas in gas chromatography
Nitrogen Production
1.
Membrane Separation a non-cryogenic technology that uses hollowfiber polymer membranes to separate gaseous nitrogen from air by selective permeability. a hollow-fiber membrane represents a cylindrical cartridge. Gas flow is supplied under pressure into a bundle of membrane fibers. Due to the difference in partial pressures on the external and internal membrane surface gas flow separation is accomplished.
Advantages
By substitution of out-of-date cryogenic or adsorption systems nitrogen production savings generally exceed 50%. The net cost of nitrogen produced by nitrogen complexes is 20 to 30 times less than the cost of cylinder or liquefied nitrogen.
Disadvantages
limited capacity relativity low purity 99.95% (higher purity applications are available at lower flow rates ≤ 10L/min)
Pressure Swing Adsorption
The separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air takes place in an adsorber vessel filled with carbon molecular sieve. This is based on the fact of faster kinetic diffusion of oxygen molecules into the pore structure of the carbon molecular sieve than for nitrogen molecules.
The PSA separation system is based on the principle of reversible selective adsorption of oxygen on carbon molecular sieves (CMS). Oxygen is adsorbed from the CMS to a faster rate than nitrogen for the combined effect of polarity and molecular dimensions. Compressed air, filtered and cooled to remove excess moisture, is alternately sent on two CMS beds, where O2, CO2 and steam are selectively adsorbed.
When a bed is saturated with oxygen, air flow is turned on the second bed, while the first bed is regenerated by depressurizing
Advantages
Production cost using this method is less compared to cryogenic method.
Disadvantage
The PSA systems are convenient for onsite productions lower than 2000 Nm3/h of nitrogen purities ranging from 95 to 99.9%.
Cryogenic Air Separation
Filtering and Compressing air This is done by the multistage highly efficient air compressor and the Process Skid present in each plant. Condensed water is removed from the air as it is compressed and then cooled. Cooling The compressed air is then cooled to close-toambient temperature by passing through watercooled or air-cooled heat exchangers.
Removing contaminants The next step is removing the remaining water vapor and carbon dioxide. Cooling to cryogenic temperature Further heat transfer, in brazed aluminum heat exchangers, cools the air to cryogenic temperature (which is app -300 degrees Fahrenheit or 185 degrees Celsius).
Distilling Distillation columns separate the air into desired products. This is basically done by a special kind of Air Separation Unit which commonly consists of upper & lower column and special exchangers. Warming gaseous products and waste The cold gaseous products and waste streams that emerge from the air separation columns are routed back through the front end heat exchangers.
Adsorption tower
Moisture separator Compressor
NITROGEN
Atomic Number: 7
Atomic Weight: 14.0067
Melting Point: 63.15 K (-210.00°C or -346.00°F)
Boiling Point: 77.36 K (-195.79°C or -320.44°F)
Density: 0.0012506 grams per cubic centimeter
Phase at Room Temperature: Gas
Colorless, tasteless and odorless
78% of air component.
Nitrogen liquid is cryogenic(very low temperature) Non-reactive at room temperature
As a modified atmosphere, pure or mixed with carbon dioxide, to preserve the freshness of packaged or bulk foods
In ordinary incandescent light bulbs as an inexpensive alternative to argon.
The production of electronic parts such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits
Dried and pressurized, as a dielectric gas for high-voltage equipment
The manufacturing of stainless steel. Used in military aircraft fuel systems to reduce fire hazard On top of liquid explosives as a safety measure Filling automotive and aircraft tires due to its inertness Used as a propellant for draught wine, and as an alternative to or together with carbon dioxide for other beverages.
Applications of Nitrogen Compounds
To produce Ammonia – Haber Process fertalizer – ammonium nitrat
potassium nitrate - used in gunpowder
nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene, and nitrocellulose - used as explosives and propellants for modern firearms Nitric acid is used as an oxidizing agent in liquid fueled rockets.
Blanketing – covered flammable gas to avoid explosion
Purging – eliminate toxic gas such as toxilena.
Carrier – act as a carier gas in gas chromatography
Nitrogen Production
1.
Membrane Separation a non-cryogenic technology that uses hollowfiber polymer membranes to separate gaseous nitrogen from air by selective permeability. a hollow-fiber membrane represents a cylindrical cartridge. Gas flow is supplied under pressure into a bundle of membrane fibers. Due to the difference in partial pressures on the external and internal membrane surface gas flow separation is accomplished.
Advantages
By substitution of out-of-date cryogenic or adsorption systems nitrogen production savings generally exceed 50%. The net cost of nitrogen produced by nitrogen complexes is 20 to 30 times less than the cost of cylinder or liquefied nitrogen.
Disadvantages
limited capacity relativity low purity 99.95% (higher purity applications are available at lower flow rates ≤ 10L/min)
Pressure Swing Adsorption
The separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air takes place in an adsorber vessel filled with carbon molecular sieve. This is based on the fact of faster kinetic diffusion of oxygen molecules into the pore structure of the carbon molecular sieve than for nitrogen molecules.
The PSA separation system is based on the principle of reversible selective adsorption of oxygen on carbon molecular sieves (CMS). Oxygen is adsorbed from the CMS to a faster rate than nitrogen for the combined effect of polarity and molecular dimensions. Compressed air, filtered and cooled to remove excess moisture, is alternately sent on two CMS beds, where O2, CO2 and steam are selectively adsorbed.
When a bed is saturated with oxygen, air flow is turned on the second bed, while the first bed is regenerated by depressurizing
Advantages
Production cost using this method is less compared to cryogenic method.
Disadvantage
The PSA systems are convenient for onsite productions lower than 2000 Nm3/h of nitrogen purities ranging from 95 to 99.9%.
Cryogenic Air Separation
Filtering and Compressing air This is done by the multistage highly efficient air compressor and the Process Skid present in each plant. Condensed water is removed from the air as it is compressed and then cooled. Cooling The compressed air is then cooled to close-toambient temperature by passing through watercooled or air-cooled heat exchangers.
Removing contaminants The next step is removing the remaining water vapor and carbon dioxide. Cooling to cryogenic temperature Further heat transfer, in brazed aluminum heat exchangers, cools the air to cryogenic temperature (which is app -300 degrees Fahrenheit or 185 degrees Celsius).
Distilling Distillation columns separate the air into desired products. This is basically done by a special kind of Air Separation Unit which commonly consists of upper & lower column and special exchangers. Warming gaseous products and waste The cold gaseous products and waste streams that emerge from the air separation columns are routed back through the front end heat exchangers.
Adsorption tower
Moisture separator Compressor
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