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Risk Factors
Envionmental & Behavioral
Age & Sex
Genetics Congenital Abnormalities
Obesity Occupational Repetitive Motion
Cytokine – interleukin promotes synthesis of MMPs & suppresses synthesis of collagen & proteoglycans
Hormone Disorders
Repeated Trauma
Physiological Changes
OSTEOARTHRITIS
of matrix degrading enzymes - metalloproteinases (MMPs)
Collagen in
Proteoglycans
matrix
in matrix
Gout
chondrocytes
Diabetes
proteoglycans collagen molecules Overwhelming of matrix degrading enzymes - metalloproteinases Fibrillation of cartilage Lifestyle changes
Crepitus Stress fractures
Inflammation
Erosion of cartilage Cracking of cartilage
Localized inflammation Chronic inflammation
Cartilage matrix degradation
Joint swelling Chronic gout Joint tenderness
Observable erosions to articular cartilage
Difficulty walking Joint stiffness
Range of motion Joint pain
Manifestations
Osteoarthritis Difficulty climbing stairs Osteonecrosis
Complications
Ashley Dean RNSG1263