Primary

Nicofred A. Balleras

BSME – 1B PRIMARY Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of a General

SECONDARY Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses

Santiago Alvarez’ also known as Kidlat ng apoy, was born in Imus, Cavite in July 25, 1872. He was a revolutionary general and fouder and honorary president of the first directorate of the nationalista party.

Teodoro A. Agoncillo (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985) was one of the pre-eminent Filipino historians of the 20th century. He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were among the first Filipino historians who earned renown for promoting a distinctly nationalist point of view of Filipino history (nationalist historiography). He was also an essayist and a poet.

When was the account written (context)

March 14, 1896 when he accompanied Emilio Aguinaldo and Raymund Mata to Manila for their initiation into the Katipunan by Andres Bonifacio himself.

By 1950, Teodoro Agoncillo seems to have decided upon a career as historian, publishing numerous essays on controversial events during Spanish times and the Philippine revolution. The Revolt of the Masses was published then in 1956.

Mention of Dates

March 25, 1897 the assembly at tejeros was finally convented March 27, 1897 eyewitnesses who had spied on the proceedings revealed that, indeed, a meeting had taken place at the tanza parish house and that the supreme decision regarding the at the friar estate house were not respected.

Middle of December 1896 Bonifacio with his wife and two brothers Ciriaco and Procopio left cavite January 2, 1897 Bonifacio wrote from San Francisco de Malabon to his uncle-inlaw, mariano alvarez March 22, 1897 Aguinaldo’s birthday, when simultaneously the battle raged and assembly convened at tejeros

Author’s Background

 

Mention of Places

Key personalities

        

Friar estate house in Tajeros Parish house in Tanza

Andres Bonifacio Jacinto Lumbreras Emilio Aguinaldo Mariano Trias Artemio Ricarte Severino de las Alas Baldomero Aguinaldo Jose Del Rosario Daniel Tirona

Magdiwang  Nasugbu  Tuwi  Look  Naik-capital Magdalo  Talisay, a town in Batangas  Maragondon Others  San Francisco de Malabon  Kawit  Imus  Zapote  Salitran          

Andres Bonifacio Jacinto Lumbreras Emilio Aguinaldo Mariano Trias Artemio Ricarte Severino de las Alas Baldomero Aguinaldo Jose Del Rosario Daniel Tirona Mariano Alvarez

Nicofred A. Balleras

BSME – 1B - The leaders of both groups fell into dispute arising from the desire of one group to lord it over the other. - The magdiwang men invited Andres Bonifacio to visit cavite and see all the accomplishments by the revolutionist in the area to intervene in the conflict - Bonifacio was brought by the rebel leaders to the house of Juan

Castaneda where he ordered Vicente Fernandez’s arrest.

Sequence of Events

Difference between the two accounts

Own analysis, the differences of two accounts

- March 25, 1897 the assembly at Tejeros - Discussions before the Election begun, that was led by andres Bonifacio. Supremo Bonifacio appointed Gen. Artemio Ricarte as the Secretary - Emilio Aguinaldo won over Andres Bonifacio. Bonifacio was suggested to be the vice president since he got the second highest votes by soverino. - A meeting was called at the same friar estate house in tajeros to continue and revalidate the proceedings of the election meeting - Gathering at Tanza Parish House, those elected at the tajeros convention knelt before a crucifix and in the name of the holy father the highest pontiff of the Roman Catholic church, invoked the martyred saints and solemnly took their office.

Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of General is a primary source. Details are more precise since the author is part of the magdalo and one who have experienced the situation himself and documented it. This account was more detailed and precise since it was based on the experience of Santiago, and because he is part of the magdalo he wrote it more directly because he experienced it.

-Esteban San Juan invited Bonifacio to attend the demonstration of Magdiwang rebels in Novelata. -The misunderstanding between Magdiwang and Magdalo depened into mutual suspicion and jealousies the resulted in military reverses. For this purpose, the leaders of the Magdiwang and Magdalo decided to call a convention or assembly at Imus. -The Supreme Head of the Katipunan was called upon to mediate between two factions - January 1897, fiesta in San Francisco de Malabon, While the rebels enjoying the games, they were disturbed by a series of rifle shots that sent them scampering away to places of safety. - March 22, 1897. Another convention was hold at the estate-house of Tejeros. The battle raged. Emilio Aguinaldo, leading the Magdalo soldiers, faced the Spaniards in Salitran. - Jacinto Lumbreras took the chair and opened the convention summing up the purpose of the meeting. Teodoro Gonzales acted as secretary. - Bonifacio spoke and supplemented Lumbreras’ explanation of “K”. De las Alas countered Supremo’s explanation. - Bonifacio took the chair as the presiding officer as Lambreras sees to it that it would be useless for him to continue to preside. - The seed of discontent, resulting from his failure to get the presidency, watered by the unfortunate attitude of Daniel Tirona, who, by another sad coincidence, belonged to the opposite faction, found a fertile ground in Bonifacio’s heart and mind. - Giving vent to his resentment, Bonifacio, in a letter to his friend, Emilio Jacinto, then in Laguna, explained his side and gave the background of the event.

Agoncillo’s book is a secondary source. The author got through efforts of studying the past and used various sources since he lived on a different time as to the event really happened, he is not a direct witness of the happening. On this account it offers a much wider scope of the event. It gave the reader enough background in order to understand what happened even though the author wrote it in his point of view and not as part of the Katipunan or the rebels.