Responsible Self

Responsible Self: My Commitment to Lifelong Growth 

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Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences  Intelligence - the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills - the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking and problem solving.  IQ - a measurement of intelligence and is expressed in a number. Human Potential - can be tied to one’s preferences to learning. - Gardner’s focus on human potential lies in the fact that people have a unique blend of capabilities and skills (intelligences). - This model can be used to understand “overall personality, preferences and strengths”. Types of Intelligences 1) Naturalist Intelligence - Experience the great outdoors. - Do gardening. 2) Visual-Spatial Intelligence = ‘picture smart’ persons.  Play Puzzles. 3) Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence = Word smart people = great capacities in writing, reading, teaching and listening 4) Mathematical-Logical Intelligence = number smart people = skill to think abstractly and conceptually 5) Musical Intelligence = ‘musical smart’ persons = can appreciate and produce perfect timbre, rhythm and pitch.  6) Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence =control one’s body movements.

7) Interpersonal intelligence = respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others 8) Intrapersonal Intelligence = capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes 9) Existential intelligence = sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence. 

Contributors to Intelligence a. Heredity b. Environment

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MOTIVATION = THE FORCE THAT MOVES PEOPLE TO BEHAVE, THINK, AND FEEL THE WAY THEY DO.

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Theories of Motivation a) Evolutionary Theory = The motivation for sex, achievement, aggression and other behaviors is rooted in the organisms. = If the specie is HIGHLY COMPETITIVE, it is because such competitiveness has improved its chances of survival, and it is then passed down through genes from generation to generation. b) Drive Reduction Theory c) Optimum Arousal Theory = The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that performance is at its highest under conditions of moderate arousal rather than high or low arousal.  LOW AROUSAL – one might be too lazy or unwilling to perform the task  HIGH AROUSAL – one might not be able to concentrate on performing the task.  KIND of TASK –e.g. mathematics problems ---low arousal  PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS – sensation -seeking- the motivation to experience varied, novel, complex, and intense feelings and experiences. d) Cognitive approach  Intrinsic  Extrinsic

Motivation = The why, or purpose behind responding = Latin movere “move” = The driving force that moves us to -a particular action 

Theories of Motivation 1) Drive reduction theory Clark Hull - focuses on “homeostasis” - states that motivation arises out of a need state

Ex: NEED FOR FOOD

DRIVE (HUNGER)

EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY TO FIND FOOD

3) Humanistic EAT FOOD

NEED IS SATISFIED

Needs – inherently biological states of deficiency that compel drives. Drives – the perceived states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some need, creating an urge to relieve tension.

NEED+ DRIVE=MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR

2) Incentive Theory Kenneth Spence = INCENTIVE – is aroused as an organism approaches a GOAL and anticipates performing the behavior that obtains the reinforcer. = any external events or objects that motivates behavior. “Behavior is pulled rather than pushed”