Respuestas Objective Proficiency

Grammar folder Unit t

Past perfect contlnuous tense

This tense is used

Perfect tenses The perfect tenses are used

. English in a number of ways.

Present perfect simple tense . when talking about events or situations that started in the past and are stili true Amelia Kenton has lived in the same house all her life.

¡ . .

when thinking about the present effects of something that happened in the past I've lost my purse so I need some money for the bus. when talking about a recent event or situation lack has just phoned to wish you good luck.

when referring to something that will happen at some time in the future As soon as I haye settled in, come and stay!

to stress the continuity of an event at an earlier point in

time Their cat had been missing for over a week when a neighbour spotted it in the local park. See also

information regarding stative verbs.

Future perfect simple tense This tense is used

.

to refer to events which have not yet happened but wiil definitely do so at a given time in the future By the end of September, I will have started that course in London.

Future perfect continuous tense This tense is used

o

to indicate duration at a specified time in the future Come next Saturday, we'll have been going out together for a whole year!

Present perfect continuous tense This can sometimes be used instead of the present perfect simple tense. So, in the first example above, you couid also say Amelia Kenton has been living in the same house all her

Other modalverbs

lrfr.

To express regret about the past, should or ought to is

Main uses of the present perfect continuous tense

. .

are:

to stress the period of time involved I've been sitting at th¡s computer all day! to refer to a situation that continues Membership numbers at this club have

been

I'm sorry, I ought to have remembered that you can't eat strawberries.

falling year by

year.

o

¡

combined with a perfect tense form. We should never have bought Alex that drum kit!

Unit z

to focus on the present effects of a recent event You can tell it's been raining - the seats are still damp.

Aspects of the future

to refer to something that has recently stopped Have you been crying?

There are many ways of expressing the future in English depending on meaning. We can use:

Note that stative verbs such as be, know, seem are nof usually used in continuous tenses. For example, you would not say I've been knowing lim since he was I 5, b:ut I ve known Jim since he was 15. Past perfect simple tense This tense is generally used to clari$, the timing of an

Will + infinitive to predict what is going to happen based on past experience or opinion You must go to lndia * you'll enjoy it.

. .

event. It is used

¡

to refer to an event which took place before something

o

else

Sailing towards the harbour I remembered how it had looked on my first visit, ten years earlier. Sometimes this involves using words llke already or just. I had just stepped into the bath when the phone rang.

G

RAMMAR FOLDE

R

in more formal contexts for arrangements which have been made in some detaii The tour will begin at 9.30 and all visitors to the site will need to wear good walking shoes. for decisions which are made on the spur of the moment

I think I'll

go to Paris next weekend.

Going to + infinitive . to predict something that you have evidence for Look at those clouds - I'm sure it\ going to rain.

.

to express intentions or decisions I'm going to see the Museum of Modern Art when I get to

Future perfect cont¡nuous . to emphasise how long something has been going on for by a particular point in the future The airline will have been carrying passengers for fifty years at the end of March.

New York.

Note that this tense isnt used with stative verbs, e.g.

Shall+ infinitive to talk about the future instead of will wifh I and we, although it is used less nowadays than previously I shall certainly travel first class next time I go abroad.

. .

Expressions ¡ There are various expressions in English which are used

to express future meaning. These include:

for offers Shall

to be about to

I carry your bags?

to be on the verge/point of

Present continuous . to talk about activities or events which have alreadybeen arranged or are definite. The future continuous can also be used in this context. It is a little more formal. I'm travelling on the Orient Express to Venice. I'll be travelling on the Orient Express to Venice.

. o

to avoid going to + go we can use the present continuous form ofgo instead He\ going climbing in the Alps next summer. for surprising or unexpected events Paula is taking her mother on her honeymoon!

leaves at 5.00 sharp every

Unit

3 Conditional clauses There are four main tlpes of conditional clauses.

o

in temporal clauses after

a

o

-

to express real situations tense

Second conditional

If I If I

time conjunction

I'll

¡

?neet

-

to express unreal situations

tense I wouldlcouldlmight had some money, I would live somewhere warmer. were

you, ld go now before it rains.

Third conditional - to express unreal situations If + past perfect I wouldl couldlmight + have + past participle

:uture continuous

If

'

have been in a worse mood.

to talk about something that is going on at a particular rime or over a particular period in the future The ship

will

o

be travelling at 20 knots as it cruises in the

.

she hadn't had the chocolate chíp ice cream, she

would

Mixed conditionals

If + past tense I mightl couldl shouldlwould - for situations in the present which affect the past If I weren't so untidy, I wouldn't have lost your keys. If + past perfect I wouldlmightlcould + infinitive - for situations in the past which affect the present If I had moved to Calfornia, I would be much richer

Caribbean.

¡

will

If + past

Friday

I{hen you arriye in Beijing, go directly to the hotel and you in the lobby.

First conditional

If you don't apologise, you'll regret it later.

¿vening.

.

Zero conditional - to express real situations If/When + present tense I present tense If I eat too much in the evening, I can't sleep at night.

If + present tense I future

Programme

trainfor Burnley

to b e b ound/ c ertain / likely / unlikely t o to be on the brink of

¡

Present simple . to talk about future events such as a timetable or The

see,

believe, hear, know, become, efc.

-or something that has been arranged previously Luisa wíll be visiting us again in the fall. -^rhen

you want to appear very polite l,t-ill you be needing anything to drink, Sir?

today.

¡e + infinitive . -irr official notices, newspaper reports, formal -:istructions and to give orders ?;issengers are to leaye by the rear door of the aircraft.

:,.;ture perfect | :.i say when something will be completed by - ;iope they will have finished the building work on the

lnversion and conditionafs Sentences with inversion are more formal than those with

o

First conditional This often expresses a tentative idea/request/offer, etc. If you should require more assistance, please telephone. Should you require more assistance, please telephone.

::,.tel before we go on holiday.

GRAMMAR FOLDER

'ifl

o

Second conditional If you went out in this weather, youd be thoroughly

I

soaked.

To talk about something which continued to happen

Were

you

to go

used to go swimming four or five times a week. Every spring, Grant visited his elderly aunts in Maine.

out in this weather youd be thoroughly

before and after a given event, the past continuous is used. While Kevin was away visitingfriends in ltaly, his flat was

soaked.

¡

Third conditional lf I had known there

burgled. was going

to be a storm, I would

To talk about a temporary situation in the past, the past

have stayed indoors.

continuous is used.

Had I known there was going to be a storm, I would have

The two families were eating a meal together time.

stayed indoors.

Other conditiona I cla uses . If + would I will: If you would take a seat, the doctor will see

you shortly.

.

If + will I will: I'll clean the

o

Other words and phrases can be used to introduce conditional clauses:

To express certainty or near-certainty about something in the past, the modal verb must is used wíth have and a past participle. Those early settlers must have had access to fresh water. You must have seen that Johnny Depp film at least five times!

f

if introduces an extreme condition. Well, it\ true, even if you refuse to believe me. Unless car be replaced by if ...not or providing ... not

To express uncertainty about something in the past, the modal verbs could, may, might are used with have and a past participle.

but sometimes works better with except when. except when

/

unless

suppose it could have been my mistake, though I labelled everything cleaily. Experts are suggesting that the virus may have been carried long distances on the wind. We might have met at that party in 2010?

I

I get

excellent service.

Supposing should be used at the beginning of the sentence and is often not used as a linking word, but rather in the sentence setting up the condition. Supposing/suppose

it rains tomorcow. What will

To express impossibility about something in the past, the modal verbs can't or couldn't are used wifh have and a past participle. You can't have got to Leeds yet - it's a four-hour drive at

we do?

Given that is used when some fact is already known. Given that this area is liable to Jlood, it would be unwise in the extreme to consider buying a house here. But

for

and without are often used with

first

Speculating about the past

Even

I won't give a waiter a tip

the

For information about the past perfect, see also the section on Perfect tenses on page 178.

house, if you'll mow the lawn.

Providing, provided that, as/so long as are similar to They are all emphatic forms emphasising a condition.

for

least! Iames couldn't have played cricket last week as he was away.

third

conditional sentences.

for his help, I would never the ferry crossing.

But

have managed to survive

Using the passive ¡n the past o The passive is formed with the verb be and a past participle. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. Repairs were being made to the bridge at first light this morning. Fork-like implements have been used for over 2,000 years. Both sides had been advised to seek fresh legal representation before the trial.

Unit 4 Talking about the past There are a number of ways of talking about the past in English.

¡ .

To talk about completed actions, the past simple is used. Novak Djokovic won his first Grand Slam singles title in 2008, at the age of20. To talk about events which occurred regularly or habitually in the past, would or used to can also be used. was our little ritual. I would nod, she would smile and he would look longingly.

It

GRAMMAR FOLDER

o

There are only two passive infinitives that are commoniy used in English, the present and the perfect forms. This yoghurt needs to be eaten before the 25th. Radical cuts to the budget seem to have been made by the Managing Director.

Note that passive infinitives are often used after the verbs appear, prove and seem, as in the second example above.

Unit

o

5

For people and expressions concerning time and distance an apostrophe is generally used.

Nouns

my uncle's sister the boyi shoes

Nouns can be countable or uncountable.

¡

Countable nouns can: use a/an or the or some be used in the plural take the following determiners: many, a large number oJ several,

r

.

a

few, few, a lot

a

o

the back of the room the cover of the book

¡

of

or place.

can use the or some or nothing are used only in a singular form

a table leg a night Jlight

can take the following determiners: much, a great deal of, a large amount of,little, a little, a lot of

a shop window

trffic, advice, luggage, luck, ork, homework, furniture, eyidence Some nouns can be countable and uncountable with a slight change of meaning. The bridge is

hair. There are hairs on your jumper. built of stone. I've got a stone in my shoe.

Some nouns can be countable and uncountable

but

.

o

r

o

o

.i lump of sugar t shaft of sunlight

That'll be my guitar teacher; I heard him ring the door bell. She should have been able to sing at the concert, her sore throat was much better.

5ome nouns with a singular form can be treated as singular noun is seen as a unit

You must be tired after your performance.

o

)ome nouns look plural but take a singular verb. lite news is on at 8.00 pm. :,:hletics is an important part of the Olympics.

:cssesslve forms ,

.;ession can be signalied in English in three different s - using an apostrophe, using o/and using a noun as

r""

-L:

.;iective.

t

and could not.

released yet.

o

Could and might can be used to imply criticism or irritation. Intonation is very important in carrying meaning with these modals. You might have told me you'd be coming late. You could practise a bit more.

iDme nouns like policelooksingular but take a plural verb. -ite police are involved in tryingto catch the thief.

Impossibility is expresse dby cannot/can

It can't be aflute; it sounds more like a clarinet. You couldn't haye seen the new film _ it hasnt been

T!rc class is/are doing exams at present.

:

Deduction is expressed by must be I must haye been, be / will have been and should be / should have

will

been.

lÍrc committee is/are looking into the matter of vandalism.

¡

be many left. He may/might not have bought the album you wantecl.

üere are sometimes specific words which should be used instead.

.¡r plural, depending on whether the ,¡r a collection of people.

r

Could, may and might express present possibility with reference to the future, present or past. It may/might/could be a good concert/ haye been a goorl

May not and might not express possibility negatively. Get your ticket for the concert today; there may/mighit not

little capital to work with.

The majority of uncountable nouns can be made singular or plural by adding a bit/piece of or bits/pieces of, However,

Can is used to express possibility without reference to past, present or future. He can sound off-key at times when he sings.

concert.

.

completely change their meaning. I\thati the capital ofyour country? The company has very

to indicate kind, use

Degrees of likelíhaad

n, eather, w

She has grey

as an adjective

Unit 5

accommo dation, information,

r

A noun is often used

Uncountablenouns:

Common uncountable nouns include: most substanc es - coal, china, Jlour, efc. abstract nouns - happiness, admiration, freedom all sports most nouns ending in -ing - shopping, sightseeing

o

year\ salary

For objects o/is generally used.

o

Various expressions can be used to express likelihood: it's

a foregone conclusion the chances are

there! every likelihood he\ bound to there\ a slim/faint chance iti doubtful

GRAi'IMAR FOLDER

Unit 7

Never and nowhere are used in a similar way. Never had I felt more relaxed than that first week on

Partlciple clauses

Corsica.

Nowhere could we find fresh vegetables, and some dairy products were in short supply too.

Participle clauses give more information about someone or something. In many ways, their function in a sentence is similar to defining relative clauses.

Other negative words and expressions like thís are little, no sooner, not.

The man dancing over there is my brother. (The man who is dancing over there is my brother.) The painting sold at auction yesterday has already been shipped to New York. (The painting that was sold at auction yesterday has already been shipped to New York.)

o

c

The position of the clause can affect meaning. Standing at the top of the hill, I could just see the village. (refers to the subject, 'I') I could just see the village standing at the top of the hill. (refers to the object, 'the village')

Having + past participle refers to previous action. Having reached the top of the hill, I could just see the

Little did we realise what we were letting ourselves

¡

Being + past participle is used to express a passive. The report being published today will force local governments back to the drawing board. Past participle -ed clauses are used

in a similar

o

o

r

a sentence, a subject is verb. Madrid offers its visitors an excellent choice of restaurants and some wonderful bars too.

rewritten

Sometimes a time clause precedes inversion. Not until two days later did we remember to call the

Only once before have I felt like this about a project. Sometimes an adjunct of place precedes inversion. At the end of the path lay the meadows. Inversion occurs with certain prepositional phrases. On no account are you to leave this room!

In no way

does

¡

Inversion can occur with so + an adjective. loud was the music that we couldn't attempt to chat. So consistent has lohn\ performance been that he has So

earned the nickname'Strongman'.

c

Such is used in a similar way to emphasise the extent of something. Such is the demand for tickets that they are selling at double their face value.

Unit 3 on page 179 for information about inversion

See also

Seldom does a day go by without someone ringing up to

in conditional

GRAM¡TIiAR FOLDER

me an accurate picture of what

was going on.

on stage.

complain about the product.

that imply defeat.

At no time did you give

as:

The broad negative adverbs barely,hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom can be used like this. Barely were we into our costumes when it was time to go

the distance stood the foothills of the Himalayas.

Under no circumstances can a replacement card be issued.

a

Not only does Madrid offer its visitors an excellent choice of restaurants, but there are also some wonderful bars.

o

Inversion also occurs at the end ofsentences with neither, nor and so. Tim didn't feel like facing the press and neither did Lucy. Students haven't welcomed the new syllabus and nor have their teachers. Karl will be pleased to finish work and so will L

In

However, sometimes this word order is changed, or inverted. This is usually done to give emphasis within the sentence. For example, the sentence above could be

supportive friends and family, she

school.

In the normal word order of followed by

for

media.

¡

o

lnversion

been

could not have handled the constant intrusion of the

way.

I

Not a single word of thanks did they hear from her. The fixed expresston Had it not beenfor... is used to talk about the reasons for changed results.

Had it not

The images provided by the Hubble Space Telescope have given astronomers fresh insights.

Unit

for.

drink without asking.

village.

t

in

No sooner had Phoebe arrived than she helped herself to a

clauses.

Unit 9

They stopped dancing when she came into the room. (ceased)

Cerunds and infinitives

They stopped to have a cup of coffee halfway through the morning. (reason) Try to stand up straight. (attempt) lf you can't get the car going, try ringing the garage. (experiment)

Verb + object + to-infinitive o Some verbs include an object before a úo-infinitive: consider, warn, allow, believe, encourage, etc. I encouraged her to wear her school uniform.

.

I decided to throw out all the

clothes

I hadn't

worn

for

a

year.

.

I heard Adele sing in Londorz. (once) I hear the birds singing every morning. (repeated action)

Some verbs don t require an object: decide, refuse, hope, fail, agree, start, etc.

Verb

.

* -ing

Some verbs must have an object before an -ing when they are in the active: catch, discover, observe, see, watch,

Some verbs sometimes take an object and sometimes doit: hate, help, like, love, want, prefer, need. I like to swim every morning.

I oyerheard them talking about

I

but

etc.

like you to swim so that you get some exercise.

the new manager.

They were overheard talking about the new manager. Verb + (object) + bare infinitive ¡ Some verbs are followed by a bare infinitive after an object: hear, feel, make, notice, see, watch, let, etc. I made him shave his beard off. Her parents let her choose the shoes she wanted. Verb + fo-infinitive or -ingl ¡ Some verbs are followed by a fo-infinitle: agree, aim, ask, demand, prepare, hope, manage, wish, etc. I agreed to wear the unifurm.

.

Some verbs are followed by -ing: consider, ayoid, envisage, miss, imagine, etc. and all phrasal verbs.

Liz couldn't imagine wearing an evening

I

.

I

Some verbs take either a fo-infinitive or -lng with little or no change in meaning: begin, start, cease, continue.

Expressing wishes and preferences Wish and if only

¡

Some verbs take a fo-infinitive or -ingbtf change their meaning: go on, stop, try, remember, forget, regret, mean, :ome, hear, etc. They came to accept her opinions. (gradual change) He came running into the room. (way of moving) Í-Ie went on to talk about the dress code. (next topic)

r{e went on talking even when everyone started yawning.

continue)

To talk about the past a past perfect is used.

If only they had listened to their

o

teacher.

To express irritation or criticism of something happening

now would is used.

I

wish he would stop answering me in English when I want

to practise French.

Nofe: would isnt used if the object and subject are the same.

o

If only

is perhaps slightly stronger than

I

wish.

Would rather I lt's time, etc. are followed by a past tense to express a present idea

o

with an object.

i mean to wear jeans

to the barbecue. (intend) i: means buying a new pair of shoes. (involves) : regret to say that you are not properly attired. (present/

rture) . regret tellingher

that she looked scruffy. (past) - "emember visiting the Costume Museum when -.urrg. (remember - second action)

To talk about the present a past tense is used.

I wish I could speak Spanish.

They began singing/to sing early in the programme.

r

to the party early.

suggested going

Unit ro

o

dress.

Some verbs dont have an object before -ing admit, advise, consider, deny, face, finish, suggest, efc.

I

was

Iti

time the government inyested in language training.

Id rather you learned Spanish at school.

¡

are followed by an infinitive when making a general statement. Iti time to leaye. Id rather learn Chinese than Russian.

- .¿membered to post the parcel to her this morning. :emember - first action)

GRAMMAR FOLDER

Unit rr

Unit rz

Cradability

Passive strt¡ctures

A gradable adjective can be combined with an adverb like reasonably or extremely to quanti$. that adjective. So, for example, you can be faidy happy or very happy. This cannot happen with an ungradable adjective, as the adjective itself already holds some notion of quantity or degree. These

An unmanned submarine has

adjectives can be combined with adverbs llke absolutely or totally to add emphasis.

conservationists.

We all feel slightly

frustrated by the lack of communication on

this project.

Charlotte was absolutely furious when she heard the decision.

adverbs deeply extremely fairly immensely

rather very adverbs absolutely completely

entirely totally utterly

gradable adjectives angry cheerful huppy

hurt irritable upset

ungradable adjectives awful broken-hearted impossible

terrible wonderful

gradable and ungradable adjectives in informal English. Tom finds it pretty quiet around here in the evenings, so he often shoots o;ff to town on his motorbike. It\ pretty amazing that someone who was at death\ door three months ago has just run the London marathon!

Really can aiso be combined with both types of adjective, though with ungradable adjectives, the use can only be informal. For a really comfortable night's sleep, choose Maxtoni mattresses every time. I've

The passive is formed with the verb be and a past participle. For modals it is formed with the modal + be + past participle. been developed to automatically track down and follow whales and tuna, alarming many

Miniature yersions can now

just had a really awful run-in with Duncan oyer his

Quite can be combined with both gradable and ungradable adjectives, but there is a change of meaning. l'm c1uite busy at work at the moment, but I've known it much worse. (= fairly) You're quite impossible at times - sweet wrappers go in the bin not on the floor! (= completely)

Some adjectives can be both gradable and ungradable, and

produced at minimal cost.

Simple present It is made. Present continuous It is being made. Present perfect It has been made. Present perfect continuous lf@e Simple past It was made. Past perfect

It was being made. It had been made.

Past perfect continuous

It'M@t

Future

It will

Future continuous Future perfect

@É

Futureperfectcontinuous

@

be made.

It will have been made.

Use

The choice ofactive or passive voice often defines the focus of the sentence. Compare: Massive waves destroyed the harbour wall. (Active voice, the focus is on the waves and what they did.) The harbour wall was destroyed by massive waves. (Passive voice, the focus is on the harbour wall and what happened

to it.)

In the second sentence, the waves are the agent. The agent tlpically introduced with the preposition b7.

is

The passive is used without an agent:

¡

marketing plan.

c

be

This table shows the formation of all passive tenses. Those crossed through do not normally occur in English.

Past continuous

o Prettl can be combined with both

o

Formation

when the action is more important than the person doing it

It\ going to cast

o

be quite some time before car body panels are

from titanium.

when the person or thing that performed the action is not known In separate incidents across the city, shop windows were smashed and goods taken. The oily stain had been hidden

from view until

now.

this is often accompanied by a change in meaning from

The passive voice can be used to produce an official or

literal to more figurative

impersonal tone.

use.

lake has been blind since an accident in childhood. Our consumer society is faiily blind to the issue of poverty.

Visitors must be accompanied by a member of staff at all times.

Each solution was heated to boiling point prior to lab analysis.

GRAMMAR FOLDER

Unit

.

13

Singular, concrete nouns require an article, except for some idioms. The definite article is precise and refers to

Reported speech o

something, while the indefinite article is vague and more general, or is used when something is mentioned for the

As reported speech is used to tell someone else of what happened, all pronouns change, almost all verb tenses, except second and third conditionals and past perfects,

first time.

change and all words referring to a particular time or place change.

The runner in first place came from Kenya. runner in the I'lew york marathon.

Steve is going to be a

¡

No article is used with: certain countries; names of mountains; meals, unless they are formal ones; bed, school, hospital, prison if fhey are being used for their intended purpose. I intend to visit Australia.

'I saw this film two weeks ago.' She said she had seen that film two weeks before. -

¡

Some changes are not quite so straightforward.. Must changes to had to and mustn'f becomes was not to for obligation. If must is used to talk about Iaws or general

truths then it doesnt change. 'I must buy a new bicycle.'

Shei in prisonfor stealing. Come down for breakfast!

¡

'You mustn't tell my mother.' She said I was not to tell her mother.

The definite article is used with: rivers, seas, oceans, chains of mountains, gulfs and bays; newspapers; before musical instruments; before a superlative adjective; when we know there is only one of something.

+

'You must not go more than 40 kph.' He said you mustn't go more than 40 kph.

I

With the first conditional, the verb tenses in the clause f backshift in the usual way and will changes to would in

The Sierra l'{evada is a beautiful mountain range. The sky is very blue.

-

She said she

had to buy a new bicycle.

+

¡

o

.

the main clause. 'If you don't hurry up, you'll miss your flight., - She said that if we didn't hurry up, we would miss our Jlight. As a general rule, the second conditional doesnt change. 'He would be pleased if you visited him., She said he would be pleased if she vísited him.

-

Often

a

verb or

a

verb and adverb are used which

;ontain many of the elements of what is being reported.

'I{hat

-

about picking up the litter?, she said. picking up the litter.

at that rubbish tip!, he said. , He exclaimed in horror when he saw the rubbish tip.

-

,

plays the violin.

read The Times.

The indefinite article is used when we mean bne,of something unless we want to emphasise the amount.

Id

like a cup of

cffie.

lust one cup, not two.

Unit

15 Purpose and reason clauses o A purpose clause normally comes after a main

clause. keep my mobile switched off when I,m working, so as not to be distracted.

I

o

had absolutely nothing to do with it,' he said. He categorically denied having anything to do with it.

Unit .l

o

She suggested

Goodness! Look

i

Tessa

Purpose clauses are introduced by the following conjunctions: for fear that (formal) lesr (formal)

in order to in order not to

14

so as to so as

rticles .'-ural, abstract and uncountable nouns do not need an

.:ticle ifthey are used to talk about things in general. To ---:rit these nouns a definite article is required. i::rt is goodfor you. -::e sport played the most is football.

not to

so that

o

A reason clause can come before or after the main clause.

As it was late, Jenny went stra¡ght to bed. I d shut the window in case it rains.

o

Reason clauses are introduced by: as

because

in

case

since

GRAMMAR FOLDER

In some cases there is a difference in the meaning of an adverb which sometimes uses -ly and sometimes doesnt. Adverbs that change meanings include: hard, direct, short, wide, late, free, wrong, right.

I saw the UFO high over the mountains. He thinks highly of the research done on Aboriginal beliefs.

Unit zo Uses af hsve, get and ga o We use the structure of have + object

+ past participle when we talk about other people doing things for us, for example I have my hair cut every three weeks. use of have + object + participle is of txperience', for example I had my car stolen last night. This is something that happened to me. I didnt organise it. The following are similar examples. It! good to have the birds singing in the morning now it's

Another

spring.

I had a dogfollow

me home yesterday.

Have + object + infinitive or -ing form is also quite

common. have you coming home late every night! Have Mrs lones sit down and wait please. The teacher had us all running round the field in the rain.

I won't

Look at the following uses of gel + object + participle. I got the car repaired. - This is a more informal way of saying t had the car repaired. She got herselflost on the underground. - It was her own fault. I'll get the washing done if you do the ironing. - This implies I'il do it myself. I'll never get this done by tomorrow. - I'll never be able to

finish it.

G

RAMMAR FOLDE

R

Answers and recording scripts following pages contain all the answers to the exercises, sample answers for the writing tasks, the recording scripts, and lots of additional notes, including useful background information on the texts and topics.The Map of Objective The

Proficiency Student's Book on pages 3-5 gives full details ofthe Ianguage and exam skills covered in each unit.The Content of the Proficiency Examination on pages 6-7 provides information about the exam, with links to the relevant Exam folder, Writing

folder or Unit.

Unit r 1.1

pages

8-9

§peak§m6

1

two idioms are a change for the better and a change of heart. Ring the changes,the unit title, is also an idiom. Note that you can also say a change for the worse. The

Possible answers ;1,,Wh1eh,,my:tamtl1ly',méVed.to, á new,,housei ¡t

üas défi nitely

a

,Chá,09é,foi thq',bqtté¡,.Thrat'is,,alsortthé'earli,éstrc,hange I can ' ré,meri1'bq f, l,r,ha d, m)f owñ,:f áige,,béd roo.mr for the ñ rst ti m e, iit ,inlteáid.tgf ,,htaf itt.á. to,sha té with,my sislé r, a n,d the re wa s a r.r.. : :: .,. rir,ri. , ,. tr.,mu-h b' getg¡:¡den,toO.'r,,,''

,,

;oprpolitq,,llder ofithel Céuntfy, whiih,was ver)¿ d¡fferent r, :,',,fiom,Whe¡é1,f,,hád,g1own,U,p.,',,irtilrrr''rr ii i i ,,1 ,ugéd,to,,h.avér:árlitressfu ,invertmentrba inr nking, but I iOb : two,,.rn1ó¡ths. a go l¡ re,si:gned a nd,went, off tr:avel li n g. Th i s n.ew,:qxPerlié nqe,:madér rne tll i n k, ser,ióú,sl¡¡ abo,ut my f utu re iir rll,ánd: Úhé¡r,l cemg ¡lat[, I désided,to,,ret,iáiñ',a,s,a teacher. .,'l'foú,nd sómé óld,,létteis thé othe¡,day;which I had keptfor .,mo¡eth¡a,n,tweht¡1.1¡ears - but l had á judde,n change of ,r:'héáit árnd rlrú,int,th'é lótl ]t , ' |

r

,,1

,,

,,, .

,

ldiom spot ldioms are an important area of vocabulary at Proficiency level. Try to record new ones you come across in a vocabulary notebook, and use them in your writing. However, use them sparingly! Too many idioms in a text will sound unnatural.

rb 2a 3b

A,b

L§sterx§r'rg

2

The underlined parts

ofthe

recording script confirm the

answers. The phrasal verbs are highlighted.

t gaining media attention z stepping in for someone 3 heading the wrong way

4 5

being made redundant meeting'Mr Right'

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Recording script "rl'r;l¡tl Speaker 1: Ive had a really fantastic year. It all started last November, when I was dragged along to a party by a

friend. I was in a terrible mood, I remember, and nearly didnt go. Anlwa¡ I was wearing an outfit I'd made myself - in soft black leather and antique lace, quite an unusual combinationl Kell)¡ Tohns, the presenter of a big daltime TV show. was there and m), little number cauqht her eye. We sot chattins and she asked whether I could come up:,with something original for her to wear on the show. I jumpedr,át the opportunity. That was a real turning point for me and I was soon able to quit my day job and concentrate on the clothes side fuIl time. Through Kell),i show. I've had lots olorders. l've.iust finished an exclusive range for a top designer and Il,vr even takel on an assistant to help me. |ust think if I'd stayed at home that nightl Speaker 2: People often ask me how I got to be where I am today, with sell-out concerts in big stadiums around the world, thinking that I've spent years playing in local clubs, but the truth is, I'm literally an overnight sensation! I dont mean that arrogantly. It was just one Iucky break, all down to being in the right place at the right time. There I was, an absolute nobod¡ hánging:l around backstage with Arrowhead, when their lead guitarist tripped over a pile ofspeakers and broke his arm, five minutes before they were due on. I'd been telling them about my awesome guitar style, so naturally, the). all turned to me and said 'Kid, help- us out here ...' and I did. The place was packed and I can still feel my hands shaking as I played that very first solo. It went OK though, and the rest is ... history. Speaker 3: I was in Milan visiting friends, trying to cheer myself up after a dismal few months - my long-term boyfriend and I had broken up, plus Id left a job without another to go to. My money was running out and I was planning to leave a few days later. An1.wa¡ my friends suggested that I should take a look at Verona before going back home and told me what time train I could get from Milan. Weli, for some reason, I é:lded up on a slow train going south, without realising my mistake - both trains had left at the same time. I fell asleep in the compartment and woke just as the train arrived in Bolognal I had a wander round and fell in love with the place, and knew it was where I wanted to be. Everlthing just fell into place - I found a teaching job, took a room in a beautiful flat and séttled!n immediately. I lived there for six years and I go back regularly.

Speaker 4: It's funny how you can hit a run of bad luck: one moment, things á§:ry.§tlggt§.Lqt¡{; quite normaliy

in your life and then, bam, something comes out of the blue and knocks you sideways and then, wham, something else. I'm OK now, but IVe had a difficult couple of years. My problem was quite simply that Id been living beyond my means for a long time and some debts finally (,á0,§ht,up,,wi1b me. Even rhen, I thought Id be OK; I arranged to g,ay,,the-m o,fflittle by Iittle from my salary, monthl¡ you know. But then, the place where me go. Well, that was it, I suppose I panicked, I wasnt thinking straight, you know. So I just packed a bag, got on a coach and left town for London, where my life went downhill fast. i g.óir:irltú a bad crowd, and one thing led to another. It's a miracle my brother ever

trucl$¡ml§§¡y4, but he's got me back and sorted, with roof over my head and a new job on the cards. 5: It couldbe a sfory in True Romance, but it really happened just like this. Almost twenty years ago to the day, I was waiting for a bus after another nind-numbingly awful day at work, no bus in sight, a

Sp,eaker

e

of course. I was in a rut, my job was going nowhere.

me ever since

-

a was / had been paid off b tracked (me) down c jumped at d cut back on; were / have been taken on Í

-{n1.wa¡ there I was, staring gloomily at my reflection in a puddle, feeling utterly sorry for myself and thinking: 1s this really all there is to life? Then I saw two things in rhat puddle, one imperceptibly after the other. The first -'ras no surprise, huge splashes of rain, as the heavens :pened yet again, but then, this enormous red umbrella, :ppearing behind my head as if by magicl A gorgeous iravell), voice to m), left said did I mind, it was big "nough for two and he didnt want my hair to get wet. erv fortunately, it was another fifteen minutes before " bus :::e finally ütiiliid up and hooray, it didn,t stop :atningl :,-¡

5

and Dad to our three wonderful

I h

s

1.2

with word order when using phrasal verbs. The

rcrb and particle cannot be separated:

. "

i,vhen it is a three-part phrasal verb I caught up with Jackfurther down the road. if the phrasalverb is used intransitively (without an o bj ect) All my hard work paid off. 'rvhen

the particle is a preposition 5ally jumped at the chance of visiting Rome.

pages 1o-r1

Grarmrmar e!íníe

1

Think about areas of grammar that remain problematic for you. This lesson concentrates on perfect tenses. Yellow = Perfect tenses Blue = Passive forms Pink = Relative clauses

{eep a list of new phrasal verbs in a vocabulary notebook. rou can record them by main verb, by particle or by topic.

.

help (me) out

questions 4 and 8).

bu larlr: Pkrasa I verbs

3e careful

turned up

6 This Part of Paper r Reading and Use of English tests different aspects of vocabulary, including phrasal verbs (see

::rildren. \Woca

broke up

getting in with

Creen = Reported speech

2

Refer to the Grammar folder on pages l7g-rgg if you are unsure of a point covered in any unit. Even at proficiency level, you need to spend time studying grammar and you

should check your written work for grammatical accuracy. Here is a checklist of things to watch out for:

. . . . . . .

subject-verb agreement choice of modal verb

tense in conditional structures choice of past/present/future tense choice of preposition

punctuation in relative clauses structure with reporting verbs, e.g. insist on doing, urge someone to

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

written by past Cambridge English: Proficiency candidates and show typical errors with perfect tenses at this level. These sentences were

,,,

á w¿ñt t¿u:,,,i,4..has.,reéñ, uiéá,.. .,i: háa

,,imea§útred,r,rrr:,e: ,,

lniíni,t"nn,.

',!', 'have béen,Continuallytia,nSfó¡med

2

1¡

q 5;:b¿ s ¡

t'

/

"

at

1.3

wé,rg §iuenr,=,,one,spet!fii iñStance ', ,,,,hav,e,bee'n,;,§i-uéh'.=':tásk is

e

d

1

,

a,,,,"'

e

in ihe pastr

ongoing , ,

,,:,d,,:,,havgl,,b,é,,,g,n,dealing.t,iontinuot¡s

completed Onot .= aition,' com;pletéd, !:e, p ¡obl,em successf ha ndled No difference in meaning

u

I

ly

't :.'1,',ne;thought,=,fucüs is on the relult;implies'that a r:'r,.r:rd:eci:iiónrhás,,beén,táken],: - ,', .::...:. . ,: .. ,,,:,,¡',;,!,;'1rl",bé:e'n"th,inkin§,:'fa9.,ut ii oñ the áct!v!ty, implies that ,

,:,:,8:,,,,,¿o.,uld 1:1L,1¡¡i

ll,

.r

,.,'.,r

,.i.,.,,'.r ,..t... , i

ii,therétany:thri.áB el.se'we wiII have ',t doné{byithé'eñd.óf,tl1eyéá,r)?l , I,',, ', h N.oidiitrery,nae in méá,nihg; though ,the futuie per,fect cÓntin UoUs:,te nsé is: more co mmo n;rál'l iv,i:n g, 6u¡"', t

",

'a..,!l1te.,p9én, b,,,

,

a,nld,ongo¡ng.

!!arn! n§,r ng!

:llve,, n,.evé¡r,'do n:e a'

is h,

fór te n yeá

f

depieted

/

be dep,leted r,,'

:' ,:1

:,¡i,

prges 12-13

The pictures on the left show the same location in New Orleans during and after Hurricane Katrina in zoo5 and the

Backgrou nd information Hurricane Katrina is the costliest natural disaster to take place in the USA to date. New Orleans suffered huge devastation and most of its major roads were damaged. A zooT report found design flaws in its flood protection levees. Suggested answers

l

,' ,,rr,iéVf ,árnn.u'_al,re,polft,,-

continuoús

b.éen

.

r,,,p'd'1st:1,pec,u,[tion,'rr : f forécást. e,§. l lm w rit i n g u p = útuf é,

ha,ue,,dane,

|í 6i;vp;rt:one

,

:

.

qourse i n dee p-iea dlving; thou gh

I

would really like to. .c, Oner,particular,street in the.centré has been closed to priVaté, ca ls,rwhich: ha§,rn,ade,traffi c i'n othér pa rts of , the town much worse. d1,,,M¡4 qu,a,lity.,óf tlfe would be improved by the purchase ,',,óf a'driirhwaihér:,because then I wouldn¡t háve to wash

:

The pictures on the left shoW a natu¡álrdiláiter that has caused a change in the envírohment.The,róád,is flooded in one picture and people are u5¡ngrsmáll,boats to get around, so they may have l.ost their homes. ln'rthe other picture, things are back to norm'ai'a,kñoü§rh,.the roáá.ii,. :i stillwet so the weather conditi'onsrmus,t be bád, Other environmental changes incfude the effect¡ s¡ §lobal wairming - flooding again, or dry,r,¡ye¡ rr¡¡eys,- ánd the results of deforestation, although that ióúld álso come under the commercial category]l , , ' : :. i'll The pictures on the right snowtec,hnolo§iiallcha¡ge, i¡ the space ofonfy a few years I suspéit?fhe, úhildre¡ in the computer room are working with clunky big machines, whereas the kids using tablets are working.in,,t¡qi¡.,¡fr¡o,¡ classroom. There are cou,ntléss, other,recenl,téchnologica cha,nges in the worfd around u5,,fo¡.réxrmple,,úi¡¿... . ,,, turbines and solar panels for generatingéfeitrircity would not have been prevalent twentyfearsrago. ,; , I

1

er:',l

rmay,have,moved tó anlóthel

r

ones on the right show school children working in an lT suite and school children using tablets in a class.

:

acti,o¡ithat is not yet

hOUn

,t,tiperS:Onrtit,.itillttihiirnking,t

h e

Kead§xag §mto Wr§t§mg: §ur*rmxar§s§xxg §dems

u nS péc ifi

time in the past ,;,c:,';,;:

rt

,t,

i;uffe ri4ig' ;,6n§oi n g,iit,u,át !on; i.e.:l '' ,,,,,.,.', i'r,',,, i,,ili .,t'ii.:.'

..,t,,;'l,tutnerr¡piovm,eint,tii:.stilli,higfi',, ,, ,,,' ",'," :wa s, 51tffe'ti n g ; g6 e1¡ r'¡ou i' Sit,ü at io n

fú

,

l',.i.i......,,r.

iilln6-:lóngéf,thg¡éu..r...,,,,,.r,..'rr'irrl,i:'

/ having

r: . ,,, ' r, ''i ,5 _evern. h,áve tho.r¡ght / have even thought ,6 1.be be!ng,used constanüyf ioñstantl,y,¡b§ being used 7 ,have embraced:lt,berem,bracin,g .1,,¡ ., l' .,. 8 , háie

llt,',

,

imp:roved

,,,4'l.w-oúldrhavebeenableto

3

',,

I ,.

,3' rwar§:fu ¡ther stírn,ulatedi z was sti m,u latedl

ljyg.t¡ied,,,'f'y,qú"h¿vé'boüglit':,,'.,g:,they'h1a¡il:¡gót,married h people care

,,,,:,:,:,,..,Wént..;,hÉ,

l hálvih§

been improved

d were

llvé b'een Dia¿t¡sirñá; {lfve,been),tir.i!ng

be¡ngi¡:mproved 1 improving

iity foiwork.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

\foea

bu¡ §a ry:

Vtrford formatssxn

Theword judge could be replaced with

Using the English Vocabulary profile you can run an advanced search for words containing individual prefixes and suffixes at each level of the Common European framework. The Word

assess or evaluate.

The underlined words in text z that could be replaced are: produced (developed, concocted, made); chance (accident); revol utio ni sed (changed, updated, modernised); i n novati ons

family panels within English Vocabutary profile entries also indicate the level at which members of a word family are likely to be known - anything in italics is probably restricted to learners at Cl and Cz level. Visit www.englishprofile.org to sign up to the resource.

(new techniq ues/inventions); sig nifica ntly (notably, importantly). A word like mauve or aspirin cannot be paraphrased, as it is something very specific.

2

-1

Underlining important information is an important first step in planning a summary, as it shows which ideas must be included.

Exam folder Paper

t pases 14-1s

I Part 3 Word for**ration

Aff ixes

1

This exercise gives practice in the range of different affixes that are commonly tested. you should take particular care to note plural forms.

The sentence summarises

the general idea that people oick up on things through facial features, but it omits any reference to health and social status, which means

it

clear than the original

is less

text.

Compounds

2

Compounds are often tested at this level. More than one answer is possible for some of the examples.

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

faameworiki updátézu,pturn;,óutfálUóütb,réák;riwri ndfall

klwind,pfoéfj ¡áinfall/ra downfall/downtu rn

,,'wi nd,b1eá

3

The photos are

. .

a

Woeahsx§ary: Co§§oea*§oms

/

i,n,p(óof;, ciéditwo rt hy;

4

young woman with tattoos and piercings

' tirntinrúÍÚ,i.i.l,r,aó,m]ñ,án!t1¡,,u1customisin iS,arppa{ently,.. ,6,,u,¡derr{ine, .7

2.1

gl:i2i;,ng,',,

Ar§uábly 8 i,nfinitéIy,,

íunwary 5

Possible answers I don't totally agree with the writer. I really enjoy my

z

holidays and lthinkyóu ca¡i,gét moie oút óf rneqting people.and being immer:sed in a difféient culture; than.,,,, , from justléadingrá book. I dó understa:nd whát he means tho u g h, e,specia I ly, whe n l've a ¡'rived át .á r:éso r,t,,o n ly to

pages 16-17

find that the hotel is a building sité.:

a campsite an expensive hotel Barbados - Bottom Bay

Machu Picchu

1

Machu Picchu is a r5th-century lnca site located in a mountainous region in Peru,South America. lt is often referred to as the 'Lost City of the Incas'. Possible answers Beach scene: be able to chill out; end up spending a fortune; be in the lap of luxury rMaqhur,Bilqchú,¡¡pog¡i,§f1¡,h¿ve to rough it; get by on a budget¡, e njoy lbe i n g a cu ltu re,vu ltu re ; get ba c k ,,,§lio.eitf lnár

of luxury

answefs

'.

'

:r'

'r

,ll l

'

a

talk about arranged plans for this evening; things you have already organised or booked,,e.g. á cinema or

b

talk about plans which are not organised and maybe just ideas or s,pur of the momeñt pla,ns, Jhese could include plans which míght chánge depending on circumstances, e.g. lf it raihs, l'll watc¡h TV,instead of

To

To

are

c

playing tennis. talk about your intentionis thls évening; sóméth!ñg which you are thinking of do-!ng bút,,háye¡l{ quite got around to booking/planning in detai¡l. , ' ,, Usually used to talk about á specific time 'in the future, e.g. What wiII you 6" ¿s¡¡g'at 8;oó thii:evening¡..¡l:ill.be To

,,

d

Kead§mg

to the Grammar folder on pages q8-t7g if you are unsure about which tense is used to express a particular aspect. Refer

.Possible

to nature

Campsite¡ get off the beaten track; possibly have to rough it; get by on a shoestring budget; get back to nature r,Ex,prernsive'hotel:end upspending á fórtu,ne; be in the lap I

e

through the Exam spot. For more advice look at the

Exam folder on pages

'I

§rspeets CIf tke futnxre

Barbados is an island in the Caribbean.

Read

:'

'

2.2 pages 18-19

Background information

2

,d inirepid wda,ry: f d¡stern¡ng , g an,áimCharir 1,h¡rinveiqrate

,

The photos are of:

. . . .

,,fr.¿.¡"¡1 , ,U ináe,péndent l,csea,soned e

4 kinship

§pea§«§rng

1

Use an English-English dictionary to help you. Decide which of the two options collocates with traveller/

travellers.

of

a man with traditional designs on his body and face

Unit

w§tk *raveller

6+-65.

washing myhair, , ,,,,,,,,¡,,.. To talk about what will have ha,ppénaa by:arriertain time in the future.You are looking.intó,thefüture and saying'this witl have ha ppened], e.g:,;f úil1! rlhráve fi n is hed all my homework by ro tónight : ' , , To talk about plans which have,been a,ba.n{o,ned for one reason or another, e,g. I was goingrto pláy tenñ¡s tonight, but now I have to sta¡r in to babytit,,my,little ,

The writer thinks that holidays away from home are ,iroveruatéd'and,that thinking about them is probably better

than actually going on one.

f

,;,,1;:,,, ,,

sister-

3

Do the example question and read the guidance

that

goes with it. Then read the questions and try to find the paragraphs that contain the information. Underline the

word or phrase that contains the information.

rB zD ¡B qC 54 6D 7B

196

8A

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

get

b will be . [aru"r' ,,' ¿' is §oin§rto get going g willyou be doing h will have travelled i is not allowíng j will do k wil|háúe been painting I will have finished m he'll feel n willyou do o is p am having q arrive r will be arriving s Shall a he's going to e l'll f l'm not

go

3

in conjunction with - together with on behalf of - instead of in vain - without success on the verge of - to say when something good or bad about to happen on the grounds (that) - because with the exception of - not including

Possible answers :ar'rlr:m,.goingtóc!é:a,n,:úy,cra,!1.,!omorrow.',

b lt's going to rain.

:,',,,r,,,,,',,

,¿,lt,titttWil.l,ráin:¡éit,úé¿t<.::,,rrr.'ii't,r,:trrr',:,i,'rt:t,iii.,rr'rt.:.iill:r'lli,lii d, i,i.llnr ,,h,rvi1n g.,¡á

lmon

a,n

i:ii

d,,ialrd{ó.,aidinnéi iótnight;

,e,iri,My,gov_einrná¡.,tlwill:;havé:fouñd¡r,só-Jútión,

,,

,i

,,

,

,i

,.

f,.,..lltl,bé,.ardóctórrri.n,¡óyéa.¡¡,l,ti:mélrZ,.r¡lm,lgé¡ngrto,ibea¡,,,1111,

d:,é,nrrlhé,'vé:rgé,óf rrrr:.:e,on theribiirn'k'óf 'i,,r,tfr,i¡,:the,,fég!ó,ii¡bf r,,, , ,1§,in,rva!.n¡..,,,h.!n,rgon|únctioiir'ú¡thr,,,::i,wi¡h,thle,¿i¿éptionráf,:,,

,rr

-,,;canit:s,ay,,t|¡l;,bá::,,,',,,

9,,,:T,hteflight,.to,5ingá,poré,,1e¡Íes.at.,6róó;,óiñrFrídats'

4

,

torrpo,llU:t¡on:

,., r:,:,b,y,thé,yeáfr:zor§o¡,u,t,,,

,,.,d.óCtQ¡r.!,¡,1.ó,ieáril!|me.l1Nóte.:thái'

,'

,,:t,.,,

bound to expresses a strong feeling of certa inty. lt often tested at Proficiency level. To be

Possible answers J,expett,that wet.will,be, abrlá"to frálel to,th.é,.uSA ¡ n léss,than, arcoüp-le'ofrhóúts,ándi,té the,,óthélr :side óf

'

7

is

¡

a,

will,,be,able,tó livé,,qujte work.

b

c

a

t

h

.,.,'

comf,óita,ble-;1,á m 'bóünd ,tó.,havé ,beén 'to'.urn.ive rs ity ,andlrl¡¿,¡¡¿¿,to.:become a.,dó(tol,l,rám,álisr,liké ly to have fi iltiéd,á:ndi,,had rth,r€e,rchild,i§¡' :',',, :,,; ::';,:;;;, " : t thlnk you,,cq,n,,eipect tohavé a,gooá timg.i!¡ my town. Ih e¡elirQuite, ár b it to,§eé,,án d t hle r,é,t Is,1.mány,t;16| rn U,,, res,taiura'nts tó have a ióffu e 6¡ ¿ 5¡2¿¡, ¡ ¡' The peo p Ie w,i! l,,be,q üite,.f ri endly, :éspe,ciálly,]f th,e's,u n i s,:s h i n i n g. Thérels,a.,good 1b,q.5 se,r:vicera'nd ,lots.of :ta.ii:i,birt they a ¡e r:

,,,

Possible answers La ck:d,rárin úi] i,, iéaúi,¡ri¡¿a,án flré, veiselr:i¡¡.k',or a r.

¡1.,,:

Voeahu§arlrs prepss§t§ema§ phrascs c

-'lese are paraphrases of the prepositional phrases:

- l:he region of * about - the brink of - to say when something good or bad ':out to happen some extent

-

partly

...

home this year rather than go away. ... intention of ever going to Disneyland. ... time to look at lots of travel brochures. ...

I have no I have no

2.3 prges 20-21 L§stcm§m6 amd §pea§«§ng 1

The subject

ofthe Iistening extracts

is expectation.

to work out what the words in italics mean from the context they are in. The words are in the extracts you will hear and it is helpful to know what they mean before you listen. Try

.,,, ,....',...,,

rough.

:

...

Suggested answers a annoy,me, ,,b óv.eiexqitéd, :,:i,PaY,rr,,d,la,rgq,:r,r,re,Iimited: ,:,,,,,r ,,f rbF,:unresi{ai,led: I go unchéikéd ,, §:deté,rm,inedlÍol:,,, ,,:rr,r.i I,, h similar to

The cou n!ry1',!9,,ó:nithé,:baiñk :óf:,tévOlütiol¡ r,,,' .,r,'1,,',, She wá§:'on the VéÍge,,0f léáü!ñ§,hómé 1ütr:eí:Eheire.cúvedtr the news. i a m a boút to leaver,ho mé,io ,§ét,,thé: bul.,', :r, ,, r' i rr' r'lr"' t'm aboÚt,to'gat mariiédr,,.. ,.,, 'll,:rlii,lr:- ll"i'it''r.lrr,I 't:r Scientistir,áie,ol rthé,,brinklúetÍgé:'of,.á,isiai -l'fic',,, orea kth

f g

r.,.

5

::

my last holiday.

at yo u

,am.un!!kely,to lfiávgi beEém,sá .miJ,liionairá,,by the middle..of.thé céntuiy;,butr,|,hóp.e, ,!,:wiI'!,ub,é, ie,a,soñabIÍ.

1¡

often used and frequently appears in key word

c I have no recollection/memory of childhood holidays. d I would have no hesitation in booking a cruise. ... e I have no alternative/choice/option but to stay at

!

isaste

is

a I have no interest in going somewhere like Las Vegas. ... b I have no regrets about spending too much money on

diitáñee,ainrayrf¡om your

l'm about to go to bed. Some,'animali,áráo:n:the:úér§elbiin,k,,of.éxtiritiition'

You should learn the construction have no + noun as

it

qulte,*pg¡!ivé,,1,n, lh§;afteinoóinr;ryóüll|,b¿,!blé:tóiwálk, alonglideirthe,¡lir{ei ó¡:,éverñrgoloüt,oñr.á,:bod,;,, ,,, ,, ,,,,. .. ,,

d

"u,

transformations.

m.u m,,éf ,fo u a hó-ui9:,irave I w it h i n

counlly,wlll' ber,úérr f a.l¡ d;rwhii.h wi:ll,m€án

,,,11,,

§g§,re,f?&

a

thé,world,,in .á,,máÍ¡

is

is

2 r,

:,

.'Answgi§.,,:,',

",,' : i, l:''i.

,Eritract,One,B' Extract Twg

C.., ,,

eitráet,,ftrre;,a

.

Recording script r,,ItrE Extract One There was a mad excitement about standing in front of a world map and tracing a circumnavigation with my fingertip. Ever¡hing seemed possible and my family's nagging doubts reaily got my goat. Id say you cant really go wrongwhen choosing the stops on a round-the-world trip, but I found that some routes worked out better than others. You need a good variety of destinations. You might love the beach, but a trip that stops in California, Australia and

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

Thaiiand, all for the sun and sand, does get a bit repetitive. At the same time, I didnt want to get carried away trying to whole world. Next, I knew I would have to fork out a pretty hefty sum for the plane ticket as I didnt intend to be thumbing lifts. My budget was tight so I had to play around with my route to get the best value for money. I also had to research my destinations to see what the average daily costs would be and figure out a budget (adding a good 10 or 20 per cent buffer to be on the safe side). I decided to spend longer in

earlier, while the amount that those who were unhappy said they would need to be happy has fallen. However, the 9,000 young people questioned continued to have unrealistic

see the

expensive places. which was sometimes quite a diflicult decision as there were so many things I r,vanted to see. In fact. planning the trip w@ch fun as the actual travelling. I really let my imagination run wild and the trip itself was everlthing Id expected.

Extract Two I really hope to make it

as an entrepreneur and I guess the person who's influenced me most has been a wellknown British businessman. I was given a copy of his autobiography for my fourteenth birthday and it really made a huge impression on me. He had an amazing

salary expectations. The average teenager said they thought they would be earning double what is actualiy the current average salary for a 3S-year-old. Not only this, but nearly three-quarters of those interviewed thought they would have a car by the time they were 21, while more than half hoped to own their own home by the age of 25. Overall. the

where people thought the)¡ would be financiall]r. and where compared with last ),eart figure. Interestingly, aithough the figures differ somewhat, the findings are very much in line

with previous surveys done over the past twenty years. Phrase spot Many nouns for parts of the body also have a related verb, as in the example thumb. Sometimes the verb takes on a figurative or idiomatic meaning. Use an English-English dictionary to help you match the verbs with the words or phrases.

childhood. Apparentl¡ when he was just four years oid his mother stopped the car a few kilometres from their house and made him find his own way home. Then when he was eleven or twelve his mum decided that he shouid

cycle seventy kilometres to another town to teach him the importance of stamina and to learn a sense of directionl He said he felt great when hed done it but his mum wasnt worried or relieved or anlthing - just acted calm as you like and told him to go and help someone in the village chop some logs. His family seemed to thrive on challenges _ physical ones rather than educational, which I thinkt quite unusual. I know my family are dead set on my getting a degree but quite a few entrepreneurs start out without one and look at them!

Anyway, there was another occasion he mentions when his aunt had promised him some money if he learnt to swim. He spent a hoiiday trying desperatel¡ but just couldn,t do it. Then, on the way home in the car, he spotted a river. He made his father stop the car and just dived into the river in his underpants. The river was quite fast-flowing and it seemed like he was going to drown, but then he pushed really hard and actually managed to swim. Mv childhood was nothing like that. but

I guess what I read has made me realise I need to take on challenges and tr), to fulfil mL hopes and aspirations.

3

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

to use some of the phrases in the Exam spot in your

anSwer.

,,Possible,ariswóri ,,, r,

a,On the

r

1,,to,g1qt

:,

:

wh ole;,t,¿

I

¿ n',¡ 1¡

rvé-a.gf e?tdéá1,óÍ1ó¡lpq-¡tu

n

ity

áwayrfo¡ á, wh.if q:if¡,ómr mÍ,déif¡.Át,1nyl:le-Vgl ¡,n the ,,, co!'npa ny,' l get verlt,littrlétrólidáy,:HioúevéI;¡§iláorthér¡,tl , , t chaneq áthd the ,choritq, lld,,go,:to:láh:iti:,,¡:,:,,,,,:,,,rrr1,,,, ,b Speakin§ persona!!, a roúnd.the¡wéild:t-iip:would be i,¡c¡ed ib!y, sti r¡uhling ;rlust,,thin&- of ,áii, ihá:tult a,nd [a nds'cA]pes, you wou:f d,b,etrá6iá:,tó.ámplárr

u res

c,ti MImainobjeitlve,i.n1iféli's,to'jo.jnllthé',Folit!,,fo¡.¡e,,,,.,.,..

iu if uth;:a :det ive:lik¿:ry ' .i,,,: §he¡l66li Hotmes. tth¡nk the ¡,qt9¡y i¡.¡o* ¡rin:h¡sñe, an

d'becorná a

péi

e

h e f:o

tha¡, it,,sssd,to bá;and peoplétgéñéiál';iáVát mo(e,r.,.,. t,e. s pect fo¡ thé p.o l ce rin .mya,,,ioú ntryr.1thán,.foi.m e nV other professions. d, civen the,piobtems thá|:ábó:ond wii,ht;[iiii¡¡n, in my

. 1¡,¡

l

:,

view you,r best chanee. !s,té gét,ái,¡úéiiiqrúálifi .iá§rrou possibly can. !t:s, my ib,élj ef l'm, ri ot.rcut out,tol,,báiómé.]á'ñi::1.'.::.. 'e, en,trepreneúr but I admiie ,peéplewhro,árd,r:ih¿y ¡egm .. , ,'rr,

to

have, some so

r:t,

óf

,

i

n

ne¡

d Ítúer

wh!c,!1,,púihtslt:.h,ám on

to obtain their objectives.

Extract Three According to the latest survey, commissioned by one of our leading banks, over three-quarters of 12- to 19-year-olds said they kept track of their money, up from twelve months ago. Half of young people said they were content that they had enough money, something only 46 per cent said a year

Try

guess my main p¡iorit¡1'wó1u!a,,bério make .we re sa fe and h_ap py,,b ut .á |so,thái,th eV

,f ..:,Pcrsonally, I ,

re

they

r ,,,,,,,:úeie aLl e ,r,§ü

to

backgrou nds.

m

ix social ly,w ith,:p-éofl ¡:lf rprif Ai6.s ¡,e^¡ ;

Pronuncratton

Text z c 'Ihe,.d,umbin§ {,¿y7¡ ¿¡,exh¡'bitions, it,,üidéirpread - in . . shorl::the. médiu m'h'al,,U,ecorn.é.imóIé¡,impolta nt tha n ,,,,.the, méssa§ef ¡ lléa r,ning,is,,alf téo éften Cóm,pl.omised 1',',¡,' py, technól ogiiá l wi z'á rdiy;,,wh!th1,rn á1, imrp re-i s o n a ,, ;, §ü perfi c,,ial,Jéve l bút esséntial ly :trivia l,isés;a ñd,provid qs, a

4 Possible answers wá)l, i,,'rri:l r,, How,much rdoryo:u rweri§h; noú Ío.ulüé,rheen,, ' ,: '. i.,:i,i..,i.t':On'yOU fr,diet) I 'r' ' rrr. .', . :,1,r', ,.. : ..ii rr . .r,.r. ,':ttirr

a

.r

b c

::,¡¡

'

pair5,,,,,,,r1,!óúe,pe.arirbu,t],,canttstá¡q,a,pp1és, meét rr, .,,,¡4*r1,¿,¡d,túólveg,ls,siil!,the.stándá,id i,,

.. , ,

.

,,,i,,,:Englishme.a,l in,iome,parliofthe couñtiy.¡ heii,l,,,,' 7he áir isúonderfufiy.cléái il Majorca.

d e aisl.e, , ,l,liáúe never:visited therlsle,of 5k1¿e.i¡ Scotland. f printirPa l., Some' páop!,e, put,tnei ¡ priiriipléE,,before .:..r

g

,..

r,r r.

CómtmOR 9gnse. . ,1 . .

,. ,,, ..

.., ,.

, .

.,

,

h

i

plaicei,,,,',1',11¡is place :is §ieat'fo,l,r:egl Spa:n,iih tapas.

,,

,

' '

3

'

limited to a short phrase. Suggested answers Text r b: lTh e ñr:st,teit ls ú§§ei§ th;t,t,há pálici óf intióa u c i n g ',, ,neú,teahnológy¡.in!ór,mu,sé.únr,d,iipláyi,ha§,beán,,ó¡,:''¡1,1

crt texts in order to summarise and evaluate the ideas they

1 benéfit:rtovisitors,,b,ecausé,,it,isrmo.r:é,,meáñlnlgfü¡,a.ndl,',

::rtain. Objective Proficiency develops the Ianguage and skills -:eded for this task in the Reading into Writing lessons, which :::ur in alternate Student's Book units. ln this Writing folder, : -:re is specific advice on how to answer part l.

e texts io ntaiin i'opposing p_o:i:nt5.: 6¡ ¡'** with, réga rd to s u se of téch,nof ogyr; Íéxtl.i séés,this. asl a,nr. a p,[ióp ri ate ",, ay of wídqñinsrthe 9,ü,dienee;,úh,!!.e,Text 2 suggest5 that : ; n d err¡ i nieg, á m uséum's',prf má{yio}e, th at of ,éd u cati n g , :; ViSitOfS- tr 'i.., rri rr " ...' ..,. ,

'hands-on'.

:'

Text z c f.he

h

:-

f

:'

.

:

se úms,, h,áver,becó:iiié, m ére'

Additionall¡ it is arguéd .that

manlr:

ll,'.i

r.:,

I

ii,

mü!g1urm5,,áié,,,i,r,,:,l.,i,.

ng, tfu¿i¡,6¡i

arnd,

¡

r,'

AIl,foúr. pointi rró m' the,texts:,áre. suniirnaiiséd;:,: Onlyrthe,Póints iql.ext,i.tráiél.ét'a,i:üátédir",,:,,".,1'tt::::,::,,,,,,

Ihe wrlter,ih.á¡,¡op!éd,a,rons:idéráblé,rámó*ntr

5

e

úrite

r,h

as not,i¡iclru dea, anyl:oi. itr, á!tt,own,

of

i

n

put

1U.r,

Think of howyou could represent the ideas in the second in your own words. Use a dictionary if necessary.

text

Sver the larst,d€aade in .pa,rücular,.,, the ,májotiit, seek to n§ out:tá éveryone.,

:e inclusive,rálhér:tháñ.réiit¡s¡,iéaitri

Suggested answer Many rnuseu m,cür:atols,sée.m: tó' háverfoi§oiten, that ,t héir, ¡,nstitution sl éx iit in ó r.der,to,p rro,motá trh ér tra n ¡fe r of. ,,

knowle.dge ánd.ithé,iwriG'r,Segs,the,iintiodüct.i'ó¡::éf.¿ew:...,:, techrnof ogy a.¡,,a'baá,thing.,bécáUse,ttré,

á611üá1,,Eü

rnatter hai become sübseitiérnt toi thre,,methód,rof

AN SWE RS AN

D

RECORDI NG SCRI PTS

.

',

nfoi rn,

:

,

iom mu,nitirór.ie ntate d

..'; '... rn Urs€úrffi cru iátOrs háve,looked ,to,moúer.n, :ech nol ógy,ito:,b r,e¿th e,,mofe.Iifé i nto exh i bíts, .,.'

cireative.effects

4

-t'h u

these

giñ6l,fu ñetio¡;,,té:,éd útáté, wh ich therwritér s:eés aS,iég¡éltábl¿

I

".. m

sé cond text ra ii ás,,t hie,:iss,uie,¡J,1d,ú.m.b,i n§,.d ow n,, elaj,ming that.in¡uffi cle¡t,có,n.tánt,,is .cónvéyed i n 'rnóde rnl museum s; due tór the.,i mpl e,mintátió n of

:,I§rtori

the exam, there will be four main points covered across :ne two texts. lfyou underline the key ideas in the texts, :nis will help you to plan your answer.The relevant parts of :re texts are given below and in the next column. n

"¡ 1,i',,

e, 'T:he,úfiter, is of rthe.opinióñi,fha.t rinrthér,[á:st:!en ye? !.5 in pa rticu !a1 m us€ú ms,háve,trléd :t0,,é,n§áse a b roa de r ,' ,,,.,',,.,,.,,...r ¡ crosi-sectÍo¡1.9f !h§,pr;ll,i(. ".;: ::

r

-ert

.,, .,,'.

Try to vary the beginning of sentences to demonstrate your language knowledge and remember to use your own words where possible - if you copy words and phrases from the texts, you may be penalised in the exam. you can include occasional quotes from a text but make sure this is

1 pases 22-,3

--e compulsory task in Paper z part r involves reading two

-

I

. ',rltr,i

Part x §ssay .-

:,lWhethér,this,,iir,i,h,,iq:p,onseritórgoréfii]mént,cuis,ótr,:r,r,:,,,,,

',,,,me¡el!,téfl écts a,t |end, ám o,hg,'múirgum.,dite.ilor¿ itiis ,,, undoúbtédly,á,,ih¿¡g¿',for:,thé.wo.r,d i,t t:tt,

¡ll,thiroügh,ihe toñnr but,stitl got,lósi.

Writing folder

1¡¡.r

rn in g qn d ,,, bróaden,the horizón:i: of it!,v¡gitois¡]ypt,márny museums ,,, ..,.tlowadays áp,pé,a'rito négleq.t1.!hi¡..!espon:!ibili1y,l;¡.1;,1. 1, ,,,,,,:,'

,

,,,

f heléW :ba¡d.,ih,át: p!á¡reld Iar:i, ñisht *e r. ,¡'éally,áf,eat, '.,'" l ': : ': ::' .: ,'.,. .rné .'.,,,,,We to_okwhat,lónked:like the.main road C raté,,,,i,,,,,

.ieo-nte,nt.[1te'lexper!énce.illi,,,.,..r , ,,, ii' :rr'ilr ¡,,' '¡,,1r' rPú lThé rpoie of á,.m.qié.urn,, ¡s r1óri_liirrn]áté,,]ea

f,

,

bject ráél,ivery..,,,'

6

ln the exam, it will not matter if you go a little beyond the upper word limit

- it

is much more

important to bring your

piece of writing to a suitable close. However, you should not exceed 3oo words on the Part I task - if an answer is substantially longer than this, it is likely to include some

repetition or irrelevance.

Note on assessment The Cambridge ESOL Cz assessment criteria that are used for Cambridge English: Proficiency operate across five bands of

performance and there are four distinct assessment scales. These are Content, Communicative Achievement, Organisation and Language. Further information about the marking of Paper z with sample answers and examiner comments can

found inthe Cambridge English: Proficiency Handbook, downloadable from the Cambridge ESOL website. be

Unit

3

3.1 prges 24-25 §peakimg

1

The photograph is of a sunset to show'red sky at night'.

Recording script rltrE Sue: Good morning. Now, the huge growth of interest in environmental issues has led to a careful re-examination of all kinds of traditional lore. With me toda¡ I have Peter Watkins. He's written a best-selling bookThe History of Weather Folklore, which expiains country sayings and the role of animals and birds in forecasting the weather. Sayings my granny used to come out with, Irke Birds flying lou expect rain and a blow, which I've alwavs felt rather sceptical about. Peter: Well, Sue, the wa)' in which animals and birds can apparenti). predict changes in the weather before we can has always fascinated people and. for that matter. still does. If it didnt. the sa)'ings wouldnt still be in current use, and of course, nowadays the weather is anxiously studied because of climate change. Sue: But is there any truth in these old sayings? Given that there are so many, apparently 500 at the last count, and they've been around a while, presumabiy they should be

fairly accurate? Peter: Mm, weil generally, there's a better chance of their being right for short-term weather forecasting rather than long-term. Of course, the most interesting natural weather forecasters are the birds, which is why there are so many sayings relating to them. Birds depend on the right weather conditions for flying and, in particular. birds that fl), ver), high. like swifts and swallows. stand veq¡ little chance of survival if the), get caught in a bad storm. The), are also insect feeders and when the weather is fine the insects are high and the birds will follow them. Insects have good reason to dive for cover if rain is imminent as they are covered with waterrepelient hairs. It actually doesnt take much for them to get completely soaked, so the)¡ respond quite rapidl)¡ if

therei a drop in temperature or a rise in humidit)r. Sue: Oh, so there's an element of truth in that one. Now, I used to live offthe coast ofscotland and they had a saying on the islands about a bird called the redthroated diver. They used to call this bird the rain goose. and the saying went pretty much like this: lf the rain flies to the hill, you can put your boat where you tuill, but if she Jlies to the sea, you must draw your boat

goose

Listemimg

2

through the questions carefully before you listen. A rain goose is a type of bird. Play the recording twice - first to get an idea of what it is about and secondly to write Read

your answers. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm the answers. ,,á,,T,,:,ttlb:tF,,,,,,,:i,,F

:¡:'g,,rF,:,.¡,,h:,I11,,,,,!.,I,,

and Jlee.I must say that I used to be rather puzzledby this saying, as I didnt understand why it would fly out to sea when the weather was getting worse. An1'wa)¿, one time when I was out in a boat the wind started to get up. We tuned into the radio and it said a gale was due from the north. We saw the geese everl'r,vhere flying around and heading out to sea. Despite common sense telling you otherwise, the saying of the local people seemed to

be true.

200

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Peter:

Yes, and we still dont know the reasons for its strange behaviour. But you know not all weather lore is about misery. Some birds can predict when things are about to brighten up. Certain geese set offfor their breeding grounds in Iceland when the weather is frne - you just have to wait and watch and then plan your harvesting or house paintingl

Sue: Not very practical! However, if there is some truth behind these weather sayings, do they ever have any practical use? Peter: Obviously, weather lore had a very important application in the farmer's world. Farming and weather are intrinsically linked and the ability to predict, or at least think you could predict, was very important to them, although of course, the), weren t the onl), ones with a vested interest in weather forecasting. One of the things about human beings is that we do not like to feel that things are happening with no purpose whatsoever. Weather lore makes a connection between something that is happening and sornething that is going to happen - we need to feel we're not simpl)¡ the victims of chance and circumstance. Although itt very difficult to put dates on these sayings, many of them probably go back thousands of years. Some of them work and some of them dont, and some of them dorit even make sense. Many actually negate each other. Sue: Ouite. So, how reliable are sayings which predict the vear ahead, if we can t even rely on ones predicting the ryeather the next day? Feter: Mm, well, I find it very difficult to believe that vou can tell the rest of the winter from the way birds are flying or how your cat behaves in the autumn. By putting our own interpretations on how nature works \re can get it completely wrong. For our ancestors the rreather was a life and death situation - not just an inconvenience - and I think that had they had an1'thing more reliable, they wouldnt have had to base their predictions on this kind of thing. The), were reall), clutching at straws when they observed animal and bird cehaviour and linked it to the weather, but they really had no other choice. :ue: My thanks to Peter Watkins. Next week we'll ...

Voea br* §a ry: §lltod ñf§e ns

3

Quite,fairly and rather are often confused. Check in the Grammar folder on page r84 if you need more help. Read

the note about gradable and ungradable adjectives

before you listen to the recording. rr,ri]ia]':]:].ri,br::rrrrs]iaiii:]]]4:ibi]]i]i:rliiá::]lllliiiliilli:]iilllliiiili:ll:]ililrllliilllilli]::lllii:l:i

Recording script rr,1@ 1 You're quite wrong in what you say about her! 2 It's quite a nice dress, but I cant make up my mind whether to buy it or not.

3 4 5

Quite! quite happy in her new house, but she does still miss her friends. This cake is quite delicious. She's

4

5

The article is about animal behaviour and how it may be possible to use it to predict major earthquakes. You are given the answers here, but in the examination you have to think ofthem yourself.

6

3.2

pages z6-27

Rewiew of eomd§tiomaN cla*xser 1

:hrase spot

ANSWERS AND RECORDlNG SCRIPTS

2

6

The sentences are all conditional.

Many of the forms used here, especially the inversions, are quite formal.

Suggested answers a ,rtheré,áre 5o7ó, more

tráffc áccidents

industrial injuries. the air: úill makéyoufeel invi§olated:: '.,.

b

morQ ,'

án¡d 2o'fo:

Suggested answers

,

a lhould

you see her, could you tell her my address? óR should you happen to seé heri i'oüld you tell her my

''

add ress?

'd. if,'there,hadnlt,,béen aiisantá,Ana blowin,g. re yén lea" iwiÍzeflánd'du'rin§,a F6hn,¡' :; ,":

'¡

:"¡

Civen that people were dependent on far,ming for their " liveljho-od, it's not su,rprising trhat they, ¡5tfrl¿,¡i¡,'¡131 , , berháviour torpredict the weathe¡, , ,, ,,' ,. ,,' c Provided that you take care of it, you ilan bo:ryow my

¡¡eqld',gé:to,Calífornia if wanted to, mu¡de¡ my I

h,u,sband.,

3

b

i

"':,.'

..,.,,;:

:.

r.

,',,,..,.

.

bi ke.

d

to explain what kind of conditional sentence each is. They are all examples of basic forms. Check in the Crammar folder on pages r79-r8o if you have any problems with this.

You should be able

i a liZero,conditional

used

e f g

fé¡ general truths.

b Fi,Íst conditional used when something is possible. c Secénd,conditiónal used to talk about something that d,,, T,h,íl¿

f

aonditional to tálk

a

bout someth

in

h

lf you'd (like to) !ake a séat, I'm sure MrJohnso,n wonlt be long.

:

lf lwereyou, I'd get anotherjob. , . ii lf I had worked harder to pass my diplomá; l:wou,ld '

be

, I . ..r:'ii.r ,',.,,,, . ear,ning mOfe money nOW. r But for my'grandmother'[eavi]Rg,mre:so¡19 money, wouldn't have been able tó afford¡to gorto'univelsity. Were Elimatic changes to occu,r I Were there to climatic chánges, weáther lore would be',rendered ,,

.

I

obsolete.

g i mpossible.

,Sécondr,cónditional to talk about something'which is

,,

§pca§e§rag 7

Corpus spot Making the verb following unless negafive he succumbs to ... .

- should

Possible answers l'll book into a

a

be unless

i

c d e

lf someone treats these two things equally, he can easily succeed in both, unless he succumbs/if he does not succumb to the temptation of laziness.

4

1

..'

j

b polite use of would = first conditional i, pa,rallel ionditional - first conditional = I'll do

k

something if you do something. d ,, d,i§guised.conditional,= a5 {ong as = tf e inverted third conditional = lf t had known about the weather conditions ... f disguised first condition al - provided that = if ,,§,, miiea,conditional - second + third using r¡owto show past effect on present h inverted second conditional to express tentative ' ,,,',': tstatem,ents - If the:Prime Mínister were to announce ...

i'

5

ze¡:ó,,conditionat with unless = if

not

that

d But for /

g

b

c As long as / Provided that f on condition that e Even

Unless

Without

if

Suppose / Supposlng

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

provide¡;

",,'

,

'

ii

",

'

,'',,,'

' ,,

make the most of it. would / I d have tried to get into oné of the lvy League

I

un

I

iversities.

would / lU have done rmy best to'make money.

prges 28-29

Kead§xxg §mto §Vr§t§rag; Re#ormnex§a*§orx

N

1

Possible answer The thing that makes me cross the most is when computers keep crashing. As I work f¡'om hom,g, I really

need my computer and any little problem with,¡t,makes me go beserk!

This exercise is also an awareness exercise to check that you realise that other words and phrases are possible in a

a Civen

¡ti

¿¿ l'll ring up my service l'll grab my things and rush out. ld ñave a year-long holiday.

3.3

,

conditional sentence besides t/.

'i '

hotel.

,

¡,¡V¿¡l¿ir first conditional to express tentative

,.

nrr" i"

g ld try to keep a low profil'e. ' : ,,, ," h I'd just take off wherever I felt like it,,, ,, , " i I would / ld have been delighted and studied hard to

This exercise gives examples of other forms of conditional sentences.

'r

i'iiÑ

2

a rage,

fury

dejection

b dread, terror c bliss, délight 'd SoIróW e incredulity, astonishment f tediúm, apathy

I

Faper x Fart ,4 Key word tramsforn¡at§oms

2

Read

through the information and the Exam advice before

you attempt the questions. Remember that only between three and eight words are required. A contraction counts as two words. Don't forget to use the key word.

Voca

4

b¿¡ la

ry: Word'§orx*ratior.¡

Refer to the Exam spot. Students often find it difficult to find different ways of saying the same thing. Here you are introduced to the use of negative prefixes. you will gain marks if you can showyou can manipulate language, either to make a sentence shorter or to show you can

paraphrase a sentence.

Unit 4 4.1 1

prges 32-33

The pictures show:

. .

a Japanese Tea Ceremony a bride and groom cutting their tiered wedding cake.

Another example of ritual behaviour in eating and drinking is making a toast at an official dinner, where everyone raises a glass and drinks

2

to something or someone.

The underlined parts ofthe recording script confirm the answe15.

Exam folder 2 pases 30-31 Faper r Fart a Opem eloae 't:,- will need to write your answers in CApITAL LETTERS on ,il:¡-r'answer sheet in the examination.

tcd through the information and Exam advice ;r:mpt question t.

'

before you

l-ne photos are of Henri Cartier-Bresson. ?ead

through the text very carefully before you fill in the

t Daces.

Recording script ,:'I@ Unlike many modern families, mine still holds to the tradition of large family meals at times of celebration or crisis. I use the word'large' of both the group and the amount of food on offer. The pattern is always the same: endless phone calls weeks ahead of the occasion to mobilise distant cousins and elderly aunts; on the eve ofthe event. the preparation of excessive amounts of food by the host family member, which never faiis to be stress-inducing for all concerned; and then, on the da)¡ itseif, we slip into our well-established roles. devouring all that is set before us and expressing the joy and contentment that convention demands. Once the wine has started to flow, the praise of succulent dishes gives way to another, more sinister part of the ritual: snide comments on family members not rivalries. This in turn leads to the more general but equally predictable debates on politics and the world at large.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Manners always prevent us from actual bodily assault, but the verbal gloves are certainly offat this late stage in the proceedings. As the insults start to fly, the host hurries awa), to prepare coffee. hunting out chocolates and jugs of ice-cold water, in a valiant attempt to restore calm' Ritual behaviour dictates that all hostilities cease at this point and so, finally, peace prevails. After his second cup ofcoffee, handing down a final blessing to the assembled group, the most senior member takes his leave, signalling that it is time for others to do the same. Another memorable family

Detailed explanationr

occasion draws to a close.

The answer, B, can be found In the sentence He was concerned to make sure there was plenty of time to prepare, even though he acted so nonchalant A is ruled out because the narrator says it had never happened beJore in his life.C is wrong as Mr Salgado did give his cook advance warning. D is plausible though the first paragraph shows that Triton has plenty of culinary experience. The answer, C, is supported by the references Triton makes to Miss Nili's manner of eating in the second half of the firsl paragraph: she ate like a horse, so hungry-looking and I expected her to bulge out as she ate ..- . A,though plausible, is not stated in the text. B is falsely suggested by the words / don't know where she put lt. As with A, Triton does not pass judgement on Miss Nili, so D is ruled out. The answer, A, is rooted in the whole paragraph that begins Triton made it,where Triton talks of his'coming of age'. B is wrong, as it was the one phrase Mister Salgado would say ... again and again.C is ruled out by Miss Nili's words in the next paragraph,where she says that Triton makes a lovely cake. D is not suggested by the text, apart from Triton's general comment on the petrified morass of all our lives,which is beyond the scope of the tea party. 4 The answer, D, lies in the words I rode in it like a prince. A is wrong, as although Triton implies that the taxi is slow, a blacktortoise,there is no suggestion that he is annoyed by this. B is not suggested by the text and it would be inappropriate for Triton, a servant, to have such feelings. C is wrong, as it is Miss Nili who is helped into the taxi by

Mister Salgado. The penultimate paragraph (the one before the final paragraph) shows that Triton feels positive about life when his work goes well: Suddenly everything becomes possible and the whole world ... pulls together, so the answer is A. B is the opposite of Triton's view, for he/e/t 'r stupid to need the praise. C is not suggested by the text: of the owner fact Triton appears to prefer being the sole kitchen. D is not suggested by the paragraph. 6 The answer, C, is rooted in the sentence It was as iJ he couldn't believe his eyes, seeing Nili sitting there in front c;' him. Ais wrong, as, although Mister Salgado drank lots o' tea, he ate nothing. There is no evidence in the paragrapfor B, as it was Nili who would murmur her approval.D" though plausible in view of Mister Salgado's nervousne;: before her arrival, is not suggested in the paragraph an; Triton is the one who orchestrates the delivery of each part of the meal, with the exception of Mister Salgado s

5

Read§mg

3

The narrator, Triton, is Mister Salgado's cook.

Background information Romesh Gunesekera has been favourably compared

to

Chekhov and Graham Greene. Much of his writing portrays the dilemma of living in Sri Lanka during the long period of civil

war (r983-zoo9), where violence and political unrest were a part of daily life. Reef,his first novel, was shortlisted for the Booker prize in t994and won the ltalian Premio Mondello in 1997. His other books include Monkfish Moon,a set of short stories, and other novels, The Sondglass and The Match.

4

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

words No, bring the cake now.

Style extra

4.2

Using similes sparingly in your own writing will demonstrate your range. Another useful device is to replace a standard colour adjective with a noun phrase

- for example, instead of 'brown', you could say colfee-coloured or the colour of mud.You can also supplement the adjective with a noun, to give a more vivid description - for example mint green, ice blue.

pages 34-35 Kew§ew of past ternses I The picture shows a selection of old and new forks. The top fork

is the oldest and is around 5oo years old. Some plastic 'sporks'are shown at the end ofthe text.

Voca bu la ry: €o§ locat§CIms

5

The Cambridge English Corpus is a large collection of texts held electronically. The texts come from novels

and non-fiction books, journalism, academic writing, everyday speech and other forms of written and spoken English.These examples of 'savour'and the examples in the exercise 6 answers below have been chosen from the corpus to show typically modern uses.

Read the section in

the Grammar folder on page r8o if you

are unsure about these tenses.

,,:.:b,..

':::,.,ll,,,lt,¡,,,l, ,,t:.,,. .

.:.:::

t,,t,,t''

, ,.d,r

,,,.,,'1.,,.:,,.,

...,.é.'.)

,...,.:

r'tftt'.

4 a

Atine

is

tools

b

the technicalterm forthe prong of a fork.

list

c

female-like behaviour: used to show up e fussy or ultra-careful f sin

disapproval d picking

,tiigr,§t¡!!,lttwitho,ut,moüin§ lr,h,irptead (widély),r.,r,,,i..Chang¡ng .,Í.'faShriÓnabl¿

li

rr

li.l ll, irlrllrrrlllrl lrlr,r,,,,lr,rrlliri:'r'r'rir "'l 'il.l,,:::',,,..... ..........

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

,

Recording script':'1tr8 For the last two months, across much of India, temperatures have soared daily to over 40 degrees Celsius - perfect ripening weather for the mango, perfect wilting weather for humans. The thing about India, and Calcutta in particular, is that everyone here eats seasonally and mangoes are

everl,where - in every home, on every hotel menu, and sold on every street corner. In the markets, they're beautifully arranged, stacked up according to variety on big wide

wicker baskets. The main mango-growing areas are situated to the north of the cit),. I headed out to an old family estate where they still have a number of the original orchards. This estate, Iaid out around an old indigo-planter's house, is wonderfully peaceful and the air so clean - a million miles from Calcutta. Against the exotic foliage of the coconut palm and the banana plant, the mango tree looks like a shin)'-

4.3

pages

Listem§mg

1

The

leaved evergreen oak. It has a massive. gnarled trunk and can easil)¡ grow to a height of sixt), feet. Many trees were planted over a hundred years ago. Indians today have the Moghul dynasties of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to thank for the amazing diversity of mangoes available now. They established large plantations across the northern states ofUttar Pradesh and Bihar. It was the Muslim leaders - the Nawabs - who cultivated the fruit in Bengal. They were great fruit-loving people and they missed their apricots and their melons. They cross-pollinated the mango, they got 101 varieties, and

l6-lt

and

§pea§«§mg

fruit shown, from top left, includes

grapes, a lime,

a grapefruit, an apple, a mango, a pineapple, a lemon,

a nectarine, redcurrants, bananas, pomegranates, passion fruit, a kiwi fruit, a melon, a watermelon, a coconut, a peach and oranges.

these are the sophisticated mangoes that grow mainly in

eastern India. When the Moghul empire was in its decline, the Nawabs moved southward and here they cultivated their mangoes, planting them according to their different varieties in orchards - they gave them the most romantic and poetic names, names like 'passaril the loved one,

'begum pasan', the Nawab's wife's favourite ... 3

2

The main points below are also underlined in the recording script. Play the recording twice.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Remember that the adverb seasonally comes from the noun season. There is also a related adjective seasonal.

keen as mustard (very eager)

doesn't cut the mustard (is not up to the job)

Note that the verb season and the noun seasoning belong

talk turkey (have a frank discussion: used mainly in American

to a different word family within the topic of food:

English)

season (verb) = add salt, pepper or other spices to food to

5

improve the taste seasoning (noun) = the spices that you use to add flavour

the Exam spot explains, Part z of the Speaking Test has two stages: an introductory task followed by a discussion. Read the Suggested answer aloud and time yourself doing As

this

- it should last for approximately

one minute.

5uggested answer

'

il,iillrli liiir, ,lr' :ili i iir,rl

.,,Th,e¡¡túó,1phctlós, illüttrrarte::driff-élé:nt::ál,pétts,,óf,fo.od:rrr,r,r:::rrrrrr,urrr,:,u

r

,,,i¡óiñiü,mptión::that á,{e:t§or,nréwhái]rátáb1émátii;rThe

gree n ,rbeáñsi,irnrr¡PriiturreiA,haúéi.,biqé¡ gtown::in,rEgyp!t.bqttiá,¡eiibié|ñgrrrl

, ::50!diiin ithe:iU,§,,só,thé,'lu;pé,inirá:rkeütióncér(Íri.eiiit'hrállrrirñ¿:úiiéd,

,',,a,ii,,miles::rIhe,lQu11in§;1pówertrrof,lrarB0tr§ÚPéir¡áikEtgli,i§rr ,lisuah,rt,hrátr1htéy ,,

iarl:áffotd,¡tó páy:trhé¡é.:tián§póft costs

ándrthei

l<now.thratllrp,e_o:p!elüllltl:lbur:Iihlé:mr1úhén,,!.h,e¡rr:áfé ,' I 'l. n,ot in,ríéá:§on, in'thé:rU'K,lt,,uuóüld¡r,lqérrt ii:úCh b,,ettei,foirthé,,,

it,

énViio,n r:.n§nt if srhrópper5,rféstiltltédrthdi,rbii)¡íng of f ru ,andivegéte,bil,e§,torlo'cal ié,árlónálr,pr:odúc§:;:;1:,,,,;;,',1:;;:,'::', , ,,,, ,,, Áll,rth¿,bán;,¡¿er,¡o¡ ¡¡r¡é'¡,¡ Pic+ú.ie. B..hává,l6qrá¿,,r¡,'^ a ,'.,wraPpéd¡,ühichl,i,;.j ü§!l io :üiniñé¡¿stáú!,l:ricéiii¡ve '1,

ldiom spot

ri

,.:.:::..:,:.:,'::;,:..'

l

,.,

i

,,

r:ii.pá§káginig, l,¡:kl.,th.ii,,qarúiésr,so1tm.ány.;iii:u,é:f¡tinC|údingi:¡1,1,,1'.:t.t::,......

rrere are many English idioms to do with food.

A

few more

:xamples are given below

r.ir,iüb.bl!i§hird¡!p,osal,":,th:é,:lar0rdfill,'!itg,t::cállñóttridrÉe,rr^rith'l::,,1,,,.a,';,:,',:,:::',',

,,,,thei.4qáhti!i,ófr:r:u,-b.biglt,.that:,iii,Eéné:iátedr'.5qm,ér.§ihii,ñk-lll...',,, .

,

r,'r'

w¡¡plpi¡i1g.,ha::rhéárltrh,,:i,m,plli€atioin.§ltooi.:1rtaikerrthérwátiiméát,.,.

r.is,p.a(kaged:léqéÍ1ármpl!e,lwithrti:hlernricáltf:iéátméñt,.tq:;11:::::::::::::;:, .,..ex!é.n'd,rthei:ietlPb,y,,date§:,..,iillllili,ll:liil.i,llll,rr,,rll:lllliirllllrllrilli:.llilli,ll,,,,,,

6

The discussion stage in Part z involves all the visual material. ln the exam, you should give the other candidate

opportunities to speak and comment on his/her ideas. You have read about Pictures A and B above. Now read

the Suggested answer below about Pictures C and D.Then think about how you would comment on the topic in relation to all four pictures - you may not agree with the views expressed here!

f E

il

' -"

;

:': :

idioms to do with food:

: est thing since sliced bread (referring

to someth ing new

-: :xciting, though often used ironically)

":,', iyhich side your bread is buttered (understand how you , - :enefit from something or someone) ' ': '"

::

tnd butter (the main part of your income)

:: : lhe way the cookie crumbles (that's life) ":

.",

-:n ',

cookie (a brave or independent person)

--ne

fot

(chat with someone)

.i . :rur grapes

(be jealous of someone else's success) ".-. r,qvy train (asecure and easyway of making money)

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Writing folder 2 pases ¡8-¡g Part x

5

' "

Corrected and imProved ansúverr As part ofthe feature on tpecial effeits;the filim Peifect Storm is arveryigood exampleto considér. ln one way, it' is,not á, typica'l Hollywood bióikbu¡ter,,,ai.íth,ere"is no háppyendÍng, but in otherways-the'actqrs uséd;,r-h€

Keqr§ews

lf you decide to write a review in Part z, remember to address the question rather than merely describe what happens in the book or film you are reviewing. Make early reference to the

budget;the ¡pecial effects.' it

why is itrlperfectl? lt

title for clarity.

1

is.,, '

l

The

,,

,

,

,

:

is actualiy a weathermal',who,use5

this word. A5 he tracks the worsening weather,rout at s¿-a;'r' i we see himgettin§ geñuinély,excited,aboüt,the unlqu9 set' of weather conditions.,fhis, was an:,inlerest,ing:sub:p1! ot

The picture is a'still'from the film The Perfect Storm, showing the fishing boat amidst massive waves.

for me. Possible answers The steel grey sea looks bitterly cold and very sinister. th é ,h úg¿. waves towe r me n atiñgl¡1 Óver',t.h,e"fit5h i n g'"boa1. ' , 'Súc,h á'var5t á'moúrnt,of rhe¡v¡¡g wate'¡threate1s!he Iives,

:;,:' ",

of,eüéryoné,ón:boa¡'dthevés¡el.,,',

2

The captain of the fishf ng,boat,parttayéd by'Géorge C liooney, d oes not ca re a bo at t h é,;s afetl¿;af ,hl i5';9 tew rmón ey. H i s a:nd oniy,wa nts to. fi nd more,fi shr añd,m a,k€ tirny.iboat' ther á lly leads] i r¡es pons i ble ris k ta ki n§,éVentü into thé very eW, af the,storm,; whi,ch, is' blo!¡g,ht-,Íividly'¡, , to the sireen by really o:utstandinE a9e,,of,,l0eciá|,effect¡;r includi,ng some clever use of d'lg'ital'ima§in§,:wt'hen the

r

::

The paragraph plan covers all parts ofthe exam task, including the general aspect at the end.

,

in,you feel ás thollgh you ar:erin the faci,ngthd5g glgantic waues" Allhe',' trew, the with boat

spe:cial effects kick

,,

-

e,nd,rthe ship goes dow,n ¿'¡d,w§,see,orne of the sailors th e I m a t so siars Má r'k Wá hl berg -'d'iiftin§',6n,,3 ¡ 6rn 01, iea. Th e h u ge' wavés' toWer', m enacl,l g ly ovei th,e poo r

3

fi

5uggested answers Th e,,iev,iéw i5

not,ve

ry. s

ucce§sfu

l¡

leád'.iñ.Thef lm,:is,not named,the third,páragraph is,all

'

I

itted, T h e re i s i, iásuffitl.e,nt d,esiiiption of the lpe¿iál réffécls in the,fourt,h ,is ,b'a rely,atte,mpted. r,, paiagr.a,p,6'fhq^ ev-ál uation

,

¡lol;,most

'fisherman, Somewhat unbelieváb-ly, heris EhoÚn thinkfng béa utiful tho u g hts á bout'h is,gi r,lf r,ie nd, Thdn'th e rt h c uts to'the gírlfriend, scanning the'hoirizo'n with án,ánxious Iook on her face. rs Are peci a I eff ects, a prerequis ité sf qtl'ñlmi tod,qy?'l n r,,: my own opinion, it'depénd,i on':thé ty.pé'sf filmi- a ps,ychological dráma, hás no néed.óf,;spéciát effécts to hei ghten the te nsió n between cháracte,rs''H'owever, m ost of tod ayls yo u n gei, cinern a'goers, e,h oose',¡a,ition fi ,lrm5,1a n d they do expect ipecial effe¿ts1ó be,an.!nts,grál"part of the

Thé r'é.!l o n ty. a m inim al

of. wn¡Ch: snould, h¿ve'bee n om

To,irnproüe thá:revieüthe bálanceof the aontent needs tor bé,ad¿ résseá' t-h e¡e sh o u ld, bé''bss plot, mo re refe re n ce to the special e,ffécts uled, and séme:expansiÓn of the

§eneral éváluation at,the

4

end. ,,, r

,

The exercise focuses on how you can extend your range of vocabulary and expression. See also

e

the corrected and improved answer at the top of

6

the next column. :?, ',b

,c d:

Para z Para 3 Para 4 Para 5

he heads out (goes) to sea his crew (men) (woyst úéathe¡),, S ,: tlirough:th,e.réyé,,of thé storml .h., therspeciá!,effeit¡;lllck !n {st-aft),' :' , , ,, ,,

'f, the safety of

: ¡ ,,'¡¿¿111i6¡151a,nding,,(ve¡yBo§d),',,,,,', ,i , ", , , j r' c:lever úsé of digitál'¡márg!ng{cornpute¡s) k: lhole,gi§ántic{big)rwavés, ,, 'r ',':' ' '¡l ,l,',1¡is,ñlm a,lso starS,{hqi} Máik,Wahlbe¡fg I, :,': ' ' :' ,,"r r ', , m the:film ¿ufs,to (lhóws)

,,

:

r

sca ñ n!

nt. l n,'Th e, Pe rf ect st oim'; {lhey'wéré, p ro ba bly rts " r :,, rr,,,

r

i

Follow the sample paragraph plan below when writing

Para't i

an interesting sub-plot (part) poitráyed {a:cted)'b} Ceorgq Cloo ne¡1

d,,,

n me

your review.

Héllywóodr:blgckbutteq (film) ", "' ,i I the;búdgqt{monry spent}. r

tne C¡ilfri¿n

i

Sample plan

,'..9'

n. .

nte rta

best'feature,(¡o9words),

n

g

o' ,,¿.,,pieie.eu!§:ité{éssentia], p,, itirbeit feáture {thing}

l

the'ho¡! zo1 (ook! ng out to sea) pa

'

rt}

of-,a ll

'

ñlms,, :

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI

PTS

lntroduction to review/advert chosen Brief description of the advert Visual effects Other features

- music, actors, voice-over, etc. Assessment of influence adverts have on us

,!, .?

3

The saying Waste not, want not that appears in the tifle of the text means if you make good use of what you have, you won't need anything more. Like the similar expression Make do and mend it is associated with times of austerity and hardship, such as wartime.

"rl:1,rC,llr

'ii:.Br:, ,rrt:iBrl'i'.,4:iD:lrr liSrA. t,',:,t,6),C,',,,',t"7,,8i',':,,',,:ii:A.tl

::::i,tt,f:rr

Wr§&§mg 4 The review originally appeared in the Guardian newspaper, in a slightly longer version. The writer is fairly negative about the book, dismissing it as'publishing froth'.

Units 1-4 Revision :ages 40-41 - ': : im of this revision unit is to focus on the language .:',:red in Units r-4,

as well as extending the work done on . , :,,vs in Writing folder z. Specific exam practice is provided ' :: eer r Parts t, 3 and 4. This section could be done as a

-

' -:¡

test of 3o minutes.

- se of Eng§§sh --e photo

shows a side canal in Venice. you should read :-'cugh the text carefully before attempting to do the

::!(.

-:eftook z glorious 3 encircled 4 uninviting ' ": quity 6. i¡.habitá-- i,i,,,,?,,pérretúáll,y:u,,'8lgÍátitúderl,,t -

:

,:

Punctuated and paragraphed review No one has yet written 'Froth: the Trend that Changed History'but Universal Foam comes pretty close to being the definitive example of publishing froth. The book blends two recent publishing trends, the newer of which is the wacky science subject. If there is a market for books on cryptography, chronometry or cod - /, and books on all these subjects have sold well in the last decade - / , then there is no reason why any subject should seem boring. Once you have discovered a subject so obscure that no other publisher has come across it before, all that remains is to prove that it holds the key to universal understanding. 'Cod: / - a Biography of the Fish that Changed the World, / "Cod: I - a Biography of the Fish that Changed the World,' / Cod: I - a Biography of the Fish that Changed the World is a pretty good example, but'Universal Foam: / - the Story of Bubbles from Cappuccino to the Cosmos'/'.Universal Foam: / - the Story of Bubbles from Cappuccino to the Cosmos" / Universal Foam: / - the Story of Bubbles from Cappuccino to the Cosmos outdoes it, since it permeates the universe from the smallest to the largest scale. After all, there aren't any galaxies stretched on the skin of unimaginably vast cod ; / , nor do physicists speak of the world arising from fluctuations in the quantum codfish. So 'The Boys' Bumper Book of Froth' / "The Boys' Bumper Book of Froth" / The Boys' Bumper Book of Froth might contain - I ,l ( as everybestseller should - I ,l) every.thing you need to know about the universe. Then again, / [no punctuation] it might contain everlthing else. That's pretty frothv too.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

In fact,'Universai Foam'/ "Universal Foam" / Universal Foam runs into another current publishing style: / - the

Unit

book of lists. Among the subjects covered here are: / [no punctuationl volcanoes, shaving-foam, champagne, firefighting / firefighting equipment and meringues. Then you list everlthing you know about everlthing in the flrst iist: /

5.f prges 42-43

5

§peakimg

101 important facts about galaxies ; / - then 20 things you never knew about the cappuccino, / [no punctuation] and so on. Finally, all this is wrapped up in the academic style, / - / ( as old as exams, / - / ) where you simply cram in ali the knowledge that you can possibly get hold of and regurgitate

-

[no punctuation] with the echoing solemnity of a TV anchorman on'The Simpsons'/ "The Simpsons" / The Simpsons, suggesting a rhetorical question: I -'Can' everyday foams like milk foam ever be fully understood and controlle d?' I "Can everyday foams like miik foam ever be fully understood and controlled?" At which point, / [no punctuation] there is foam flecking this reviewer's lips. You can't really blame the author, / [no punctuation] / (Sidney Perkowitz, / ) who has worked hard and writes clearly. It is not his fault that he has nothing particular to say after he has got through the bits that particularly interest him: / - the fairly technical discussions of how to measure foams and describe them mathematically. However, the fact is there is no sound reason for this book to have been written in the first place.

it,

/

Crossword This includes some of the idioms, phrasal verbs and other vocabulary from Units t-4.

Listemimg

2

Read

the Exam spot carefully before listening to the

recording. lf you need more information on this part of the exam, refer to Exam folder 8 on page r3z. Play the recording twice, as in the exam. r:rriti6n§ünrái:§¡§l]i::rdátáb,᧧:.t:::'r:la¡i{r§!1ii:r§.(itla:::::::.:rrrli:ril::::, l,i§:l§!ih§-ñ{d:04d,,,,,:,6::§t11in§.iiiiit:ii§iAi!tPrav{ñ§¡¡a§P{e}ilr::::r,ril.:::.:r,' :t.§§qü§a§§$ii:tg-lp¡¡:b,,|¡§!!y,:ii::iii:::t.::::i::::::t:i.,rtllit:tiitllitti:.:.i:::t

Recording scriPt l::1tr8 Paula: Good morning. On the programme today we have Mike James, a familiar face on television as the champion of consumers' rights. Mike, you've been doing Pricewise a long time now is it something you §iáfr§.iit to do?

Mike: Far from it

Paula.

It all began tt2002, when I was

a

reporter on a nightly news programme. They wanted consumer slot, so I iiiiik:itiiei¡. It wasnt until nearly ten years later that it became a programme in its own right. Now, we regularly get more than ten million viewers. Paula: Where do the stories you look into come from? Mike: Well, from you, the public. We get thousands of Ietters, phone calls and emails that tell us about poor service, ridiculous small print, malpractice and the need for information. We actually read all the correspondence and we follow up some stories immediately but most are a

fiIed for future use on our database' Paula: What happens when you get a particularly juicy story?

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Mike: We check it out thoroughly of course, and then we

Mike:

Yes, it's funny how quickly manufacturers and retailers react when they think they might attract bad

contact everyone involved, write the script and arrange

fiiming. Sometimes we use actors and sometimes real people. Of course, it's essential that our iaw)rers check the script over. Itt all done to very tight deadlines. Paula: Do any particular stories stand out in your memory? Mike: Oh, yes, many. There was one about an advert which promised to give you a title for anything up to f,1,000. So, Bob and Trace became Lord Robert and Lady Tracy de Vere. You also get a piece ofland but that only measures 20 cm by 20 cm. One of our researchers handed over the cash and tried to find out ifbeing a lord would help him out in London.

Publicit),.

Paula: Indeedl It just shows what

a good

job you're doing.

Now next week ...

Vmea

3

bxx§m

rys P§?re§*§ xrerbs

The aim ofthis exercise is to learn phrasal verbs in context, rather than in a list. Write down the whole sentence in

your vocabulary notebook. a

d h

to set out b to take on c to look into / to check out to follow up e to stand out f to find out g to try out to point out ito put up with j to back down

Paula: And did it?

\Iike:

He went to Harrods, the department store, and they were very nice to him, but then they're nice to everyone. He then tried to book a table in a trendy restaurant and he got one - but not ir.r a prime position next to the rvindow - but by the kitchen doorl So, reall¡ it wont do ,vou a lot of good being a lord nowadays.

Paula: Any other interesting stories? \Iike: Well, we did a programme not long ago about shopping on the Internet. The big supermarkets will deliver to your door ifyou order online, as you know. ?aula: Yes, it's a great idea, but I've not actually tried it out. '.Íike: Well, it does usually work well. However, we did find ihat some customers hadnt received quite what theyd ordered. One poor man had asked for apples and got tairspra)¡l The supermarket was very apologetic when ,''e pointed óut these problems and sent the customer .ome shopping vouchers. :ula: Do you think consumers are more ready to -Lrrnplain these days? ^e: Oh, yes. Research has been done that shows that ..:itudes have changed remarkably in the last forty :ar s. Take a well-known brand of trainer. You could --::clerstand if they leaked, but actually these particular .les squeaked. Now, as they cost upwards off,l00, - -.rple werent prepared to put up with this, but when -:r- returned them to the shop, the shop didnt want to

'

Phrase spot Use an English-English dictionary

to help you with this

exercise.

rights b as right as rain c in the right d right under their noses e the f lm iights f right on time g within your rights h makes all the right noises ithe right way round j serve (Michelle) ri§ht a By

4

rD 2A ¡C 48 SA 6D 7B

8C

5

Possible answer I prefer

to shop in a town centre because there are more independent stores. I hate out-of-town shopping centres or malls because they are just full of the big chain stores, all selling similar things. I think it's terrible that there are so few small independent shops in my town. I can quite under:stand úhy peopf e go out of town to do their shoppin§ - aftérr,áll, itl9, ¡r:obaUty , more convenient and possibly the prices are lowef - b:ut I 'i prefer: the variety that smátl indepq¡dent lhops provide. Parking provision is probably the main reason why shopping centres or malls are'so popul¿r- Ádded to that is the fact that, in some cold, rainy climates, it is more comfortabl_e to shop i,n arwarm, indoor: mall,rathér thán: : having to battle against the elern,ents on trhé Hrigh Street. ,

.--,-r\\-.

:

wrote to you for help. bought a pair of the trainers and sent them : e inspected by an expert who said that some of the ,: inside the shoe had come unstuck. We contacted : :anufacturer with evidence of the problem and they :. more than happy to L'ack down and refund the ::r paid by the purchasers. So they

\-es. We

-inother

success then.

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

I

5.2

p^ges 44-45

&§CIeNx'¡s

,,,

rew§exry

"',

Corpus spot Most of the sentences in this exercise contain the type of errors that students make when they write. The importance of knowing whether a noun is countable or uncountable cannot be stressed too highly as it affects the whole grammar of a sentence.

b¡!ng w!!h yqq? :1, ,' Doctors and scientists, with their research, have

:1.¡.b,,l1l¡lttóW,1m'pi.t¡.l]üÉg¡gi.¡d,!d,ygu

c

'r,r

di'

i,i i:,,,,,,",1

1

e,

;,',,:"

,,c' He isl,suppósed¡,to bé ¡uffe1i¡B from a heart di§order,rr,: Her room is in a terrible state of disorder. d The Minister made a brilliant election speech. Her speech was affected by the accident. e Co to your room at once! There is no room in our house now we have four children.

.',,f

.1

What languá,§étl

do,i4oiu¡.;.5ps¿k?,,:',;',;.,; ,,,, ,,

I r

i.riii, iit,

,.r,,,,

.ir,

g

of the feqtures that sets humá¡u§e¡i,ngs apart from other animals. I love my home comforts like the microwave and

h

Jacuzzi. It is a comfort to know that someone cares I had a terrible experience on a train once.

,,, ,1La,n§rláge |§,one

..Thé.iñéwi.¡h!s.mo,rn !.n,§,!g¡,tg

r1i

b,le,- mot'e pri ce rise

s

Than:ki:,to,ttieril:ervélu.tjo¡, become easier.

¡i

n'til

n!,1ó

tt;:tfave|l

i

n

g

h a

s

f correct g correct h Equipment i j

lóa,d úorks,,ótn::t h e,:rnótó rwdy :':,,,

l've never read the CompleteWorks oJ-Shakespeare. The Tate Modern has some wonderful works of art. The box was made of iron. I used an iron to make the dress look more presentable.

b

and a teachers'strike. ,.

1:h' e:re,á'r ér

such as the tape recorder and stereo are very outdated. correct The future behaviour of our children will depend on good upbringing.

.],k¡¡,,:,!l,1iVél.ó¡t11!h§gúIih,iil!l,lofrtrhé City.,,,i,: r:.l.,:r...Theifiiih.mé,q;§e|(;:,:1;wé:1i6hed

,, ',r,,,,,,,,

,,

out three kilos of

i 'j

r

2 t

,,ttt!:;.:,Mri{áthe¡.is'

,,,,,,,

that the right word is used and a higher mark would be gained if the best word was used with glass.

in New zealandis spectacular.

á' P¡of,é,s-!0t,qf ,E§g¡g,!g!§§¡:¡,:",;1

L::,:,:

ln some cases, for example for glass, it is not wrong to use a bit of or a piece o;L However, for other cases it is essential

m correct

; ih;;¿"."r, o correct

Does she have enough experience for the job? The capital of ltaly is Rome. The company had depleted its reserves of capital. Would youl,ike'á,coffee?: , ,l',,l,,.tt ,', rl Coffee grows in certain places in Brazil.

a

,,

fis,h,.,,',

about me.

:::'

a a burst of

:

:

,';1;u,cy', §; ,

d

uit

applause

b a pane of glass c a stroke of á :á,:g,USt of ,wind,:,,,, f :¡,,ipeck of

i,giain, of.}and,

g r?,streq

m,of áb.t1le h,a,1¡ay.,of.,tunrh¡né,

i a source of amusement j an item of clothing/news k a rumble of thunder I a puff of smoke m a state of

1

b

c

emergency iron - material; an iron - machlne for smoothing garments a disorder - an illness; disorder - untidiness

i.¡,,d.it.,á.ili¿éih ,.'.|l,!.elk;::lp€,é!h¡1,.:.,!án§.uá,§e

tr

- someone or something that gives you sympathy an experience - something that happened to you; experience - what you have learned doing something a capital - chief city; capital - money a coffee - a cup of coffee; coffee - the plant or beans etc; a comfort

i j

Spelling is important in all the papers in the examination but particularly in Papers t and z.

/;ii¡ó-iie,:,,:.:.:,'1,

e a room-a place;room-space f a language - German, Greek, etc; language - the 'll.rll,. llttrt,t:ttta:f¡étihódiOfi!ómimürniCái¡óñ,,i:r,,r,,,:.t, ,, i Ii, g home comforts - a comfortable bed, central heating, h

3

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Look around. You're in the midst of a global maelstrom. A swirling mass of converging technologies and new

I,businéss,pp

lis§,,u,n.l]qq,lli,ldi,bythé l.nte,r:n:et.AII be hárnessed by Iárg-e [T,s,el!:V|Ce p 1,waitin§itó ,,Ás o n e há s s a id :,'Wélvdfóeús ád tér.ar.ener.gy_ land, resources on creating technology to solve the unique ,p¡oblem§ of llggga¡¡§ of individual businesses. Last year alone we invested $2.5 billion of our global lT and

t-g.lpaommVn!!átiQñ5,§ve¡-uct on R & D. Innovations tha: :li§sp,yoürtomipany,o-(e ¡tep ahead of the lnternet.And light years ahead of the competition.'

Students are often confused as to how to use the apostrophe s in English. As a result they tend to use of, which is often not correct. Use the notes in your book to justify your answers.

You will need to find the two main points in each text in the examination. TeXt

u,,,b;,d,

:T.ext,2:i,á;,4

Voca bu¡ §a rys Prcpes§&§ens

5

Prepositions are often a problem in English for students of all levels. Make sure that you learn which preposition goes with a word when you put it in your vocabulary notebook. .'a.F.' ,¡4rrOn

5.3 prges 46-47 Read§mg §r¡*o Wr'§*§mga Work§ng

wstk

VCIea brx

two tex*s

6

§a §"y§

&rbstrsct

msesm§

you have seen in Unit 3, it is important to be able to manipulate words, both for the word formation task on

As

Paper r and in answering paper z

writing tasks.

Exam folder 3 pases +8-+g Paper x Fart Spend about

five minutes reading the two texts and then

:nswer the questions.

-zrently

eloze

The photograph is of a fresco by Giovanni Stradano (1523-16o3) of the Piazza del Mercato Vecchio in Florence. You need

-

n Max§*§p§e-eko§ee

to get used to organising your vocabulary

systematically. This will help when you come to do this type of exercise. lt's important to read through the text from beginning to end to get a good idea of what it is about and also the register it is in. Some answers may depend on register

rather than meaning. lt,B,ttiiir¡..8,1

:,3.,4,

,41A,',.t.5,D.,,,,,,.6::8,r,r'rrA:r::r8,C:rr,r:t,ll

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI

PTS

Phrase spot

Unit 6 6.1

Phrases

prges 50-51

to b notice c place d part e the view g issue h advqntage i by surprise of f account a exception

speaKln§ 1 The photos are of: . a younB woman student listening

.

j

l'm afraid t,find it very háird toeoncéntÍate if music

6.2

i

quite'trüe that ever¡r ch,ild should lea¡¡ lo' play an instrument, although getting them to practi5e may be

á very,good,'

pr:oblem. Learni,ng how to read music is l,thiñkthe piano.i5 rnüch easier to learn than the violin. Youi,playing can sound fai¡!f ¡easónablé much faster on the' piano thán ,on the violin-

tan improvq

rny:

to the Grammar folder on page r8r if you are not clear about the uses of these modal verbs. Refer

,

1

ten minutes to do this exercise. There may be more than one answer to some questions.

Take about

i

Ac;lh,l

Cm

Ba,b,d,e,g,i,j

DK

moód,,but it depends

sometimei it justrm¡,kes itwoise! l don't believe that classicál ,musi'c is superior to pop music;Thet both have their positive aspects.

2

Possible answers There is every likelihood

a

Keacrne 2 This part of the Reading and Use of English paper is the one students often have the most trouble with. Read all of the base text and then all the extra paragraphs before doing the exercise. Some of the important references have been highlighted in bold as this is the first example of this type of task. They are not in bold in the examination. Read both sides ofthe gap to make sure you have the right answer. Just reading the paragraph before the gap will not

b c

don't we?

e

f to underline:

3'statistical connection'

(para z);'truly convincing study'

(para B); 'musical ability enhances mathematical ability' (para B);'the two are interestingly related'(para 3)

4 5 6

7

214

3

a

'not the kind of obscure connection'(para 4);'the straightforward link' (para A);

c d

... mysterious connection between mathematical ability and linguistic ability' (para 5); 'because the link exists but not the uncertainty: grammar feels mathematical' (para E);'paradoxica l' (pa ra E); 'contradiction' (pa ra 6)

'solve problems of the'A is to B as C is to D" kind'(para 6); 'Music is full of little puzzles like this'(para H)

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

be the Ianguage of the lnternet in the future. I think Chinese will take over. There's no chance of New Zealand winning the foolball World Cup - not when there are teams from France, Spain, ltaly and Brazil. lt's a foregone conclusion that electric cars are the cars of the future. lt siands to reason that oil iéserves won't last forever.

to work out who or what is being talked about in this exercise. You may have different answers to the ones

Try

suggested below.

'piano'(para 3);'are mathematicians more drawn to this rather than to other instruments' (para G);'can we at least argue'(para G); 'lndeed, yes, we can'(para 4)

'we don't

that another Mozart will be born. I can't believe that only one musical genius will ever exist. I guess an asteroid could hit the Earth, but the gávernment ls bound to do all in its power to prevent it. People mai well have brain transplánts inthe future after all, we have transplants for most parts of the body,

d t think there's only a faint chance that English will

always help.

Links

pages s2-53

§Wsda§s: ffiegrees o§ §§ke§§§x*md

stracti ng.

Pop músic

place k into account/consideratión

is

jt tilayingi- ¡t doetsn't máttef whát ty.pe is, l still find it very !.fs

second

to an MP3 player

and studying a teenage boy playing an electric gu

Possible answers

d

with take are often tested in the examination.

Possible answers landing on the Moon ba

e

r,oyal-wedding

'l

possibly Madonna possib,ly Federer

-

anyóne who is á sports champion

who is about to retire possibly polio, AlD5 or smallpox

,

,

4

Refer

to the Exam spot for advice before doing the

fascinated me. The head of the violin school is one of its ex-students, Sue Pearson. I met her in the violin workshop. Sue, before you start to make a violin into the instrument we all know and love, where do you go to find your wood? Sue: Various places. The pine really needs to come from places where the weather is cold enough for the tree to have grown fairly slowly, so that it grows straight and has close, uniform grain lines. Interviewer: Why is that - that you need such frnely grained wood? Sue: It's all relating to flexibility, and it needs to be incredibly strong too, of course. We make the front of the violin from pine and the back from maple. These two woods have the qualities wdre looking for. Interviewer: What we've got here are basically just blocks of wood, arent they? As with any great piece of woodwork, you can never believe for a moment that you could just produce something out of a boring block of

exercise.

5

The article is about how bands are often'manufactured'by people in the music Industry for profit.

wood.

Sue: This piece here is basically for just one part of the violin. In any operation in violin-making, I think you're

63 pages s4-55

looking at 80-85o/o wastage.

Interviewer: And youve got some other bits thin pieces.

Listemimg ar'§d §peaking

'I

Use an English-English dictionary

as

well. Very

Sue: These are what we call the ribs. These are about one and a half to one and three-quarter millimetres wide, and before they can go onto the instrument, they'll be reduced in thick¡ess. lnterviewer: We've got the shape of the body here. What

to help you with this

exercise if you are unsure of the answers.

happens next?

2

Read

through the questions before listening to the

recording. Try to predict the answers. Write down what you think the answer is going to be and check whether you were right after you have heard the recording. Play the recording twice, as in the exam. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm the answers.

ribs

I carved.r,::rlleÓ¡B:ri::irft§{iuitt*,lil:ititlw:á§1á'g§{iÁ¡lt!:e 5 0 slue rli:rñ§iftiiaut§it¡ei¡¡i§!i::iti.iiel§§tté::l:t::i:l'i.i:i::luttit::t::t::tlt::l:ii

{erording script :ifi@ -:uten iewer: Any string player will tell you that no xstrument is identical to another. Thirty violins may -ook the same, but each has a characteristic, however subtle, all of its own. Middleton College runs a violin:::aking course for students of all ages. And I must .¿r that to see a violin in its stages of development, :-:d especially the intricately carved wood, really

l

:

Sue: Basically we shape the top and bottom and then we use glue to stick them together. We dont use a nail or machine for this. Weve still got the neck to do and this is easily the most elaborate part of the instrument. It's always quite difficult for a novice student to undertake. We're really dealing in three dimensions. Interviewer: There's an instrument that looks finished over there, but it's an unusual colour. Why is that? Sue: Well, it's not finished yet. It needs a good clean - it can get a bit grubby when it's being made. It needs to have varnish applied and this can affect the sound makes it more mellow in my opinion. Interviewer: Some of the greatest violins arefairly old. Are you expecting when you make these instruments that they might still be around a couple of hundred years hence?

Sue: That's one of the things that always interests us. We're all mortal and it would be nice to think one of your instruments was still being played in two to three hundred years and that it would even improve in tone. Obviously it will increase in value too, but that's not something that worries me too much.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Recording script ri'IIE a You could have rung me from the station. b You could have rung me from the station. c You might ask before you borrow the car. d You might ask Pete if you can borrow his car. e Liz should have got here an hour ago. f Liz should have got here an hour ago. 5

:::l:E

ldiom spot The idioms here all derive from words to do with music. One word is used more than once.

Recording scr¡pt and rnt*"tt a I thought youd gone home. Yes, she/he has gone home' b I thought youd gone home. No, he's/shet gone somewhere else. c She's an English teacher. Yes, she teaches English (not Spanish).

d

She'.s

an Enslish teacher.

Yes, she teaches

English; she's not a student.

I'm not buying a car. No, heb getting a bike, etc.

3

Refer to

I'm not buylng

a car. one. No, he's hiring

the Exam spot.

not prettv. No, but she's intelligent/friendly, etc. or possibly She's not pretty. No, but her friend is. I had wanted to see the Paintings. No, he didnt see them. I had wanted to see the Paintings' She's

she's ugly.

Yes, he saw them.

Writing folder 3 pages s6-st Fart N §ssay Look back at Writing folder I for basic facts about this compulsory question. This Writing folder helps you to express ideas from the texts in your own words, add variety to your sentences, and paragraph your ideas.

Fromu¡mciat§om

4

This exercise looks at contrastive stress.This is particularly important for the modal auxiliaries you have seen in this

unit

as

the meaning can change depending on how they

are said.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

1

Try

to write four sentences summarising the ideas in the

texts.

in the sentences that

'

lil',:1':l;','#lJ:-::"rarv s--

--

-'

es,br;.ndi,é,ráá.,hl;t'tieflect

convevs

ithérltorniánt,,of the texts.

Remember that in the exam, you must use your own words wherever possible.

u n it 7 1.1 pages 58-59 L§s*em§ng The pictures all have the word 'eye' in common. They show:

.

Notice that the sentence openers are all impersonal in

tone. Write around 5o-6o words.

. .

a 'macrophoto'of the human eye, showing the dark central pupil surrounded by a blue iris the eye of a needle with thread a cat's eye, the device used on maln roads to guide drivers at night

the Exam spot mentions, there are three short extracts in Paper 3 Part r. ln the exam, you will have r5 seconds before each extract to read through the questions. ln this time, try to predict what you might hear. Play each extract twice. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm As

the answers. :!::q

5

Follow the Exam advice given.

2.'Ar.r.,,,3,(i... t4.lBt' ::,:S,B:l:::::6rA,r

Recording script

{'E

Extract One

Interviewer: Dr ]oanna Walters, your new book The Complex Eyehas been featured in many newspapers this week. In it, you remind us that the eye is not only a passive receiver of information, but a great communicator too. |oanna: Um, I should point out that I collaborated on the book with a leading zoologist - it's the human communication side that's m)¡ field. Interviewer: Sorry. That's journalism for you. I've been misinformed. An1.way, we all remember being told by our mothers that itt rude to stare. foanna: Right. Staring is the most aggressive facial expression with which to threaten a rival and in the animal kingdom, those species that cant frighten off their would-be attackers in this wa¡ from moths to fish to birds, have evoived false eye spots, which fulfil the same function. Interviewer: And you draw parallels with human beings here. Because itt taboo for us to ph)¡sicall), stare someone out. other. subtler. strategies are often in

|oanna: Absolutely.

play. Look in your rear-view mirror late at night and you may see a pair of dazzling headlights eyeballing you. What do you do? Interviewer: Let them overtake? foanna: Thatt right, avoid confrontation, especially in these days of road rage. Once we're behind the wheel, those headiights become an extension of our persona, whether aggressively so, or in self-defence.

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

Extract Two Woman: When Sam was two and a bit, he began to use one of the living room walls, which was unfortunately white at the time, as a drawing surface. It was always the same wail and he appeared to be attempting pictures, as well as showins a definite sense of colour. I had no wish Lo stifle anv artistic senius he misht have. so I tended to turn a blind eye to what he was doing, making sure that he was armed with washable felt-tips and cleaning up after him without delay. But one weekend I was out and my husband caught him at it ... a boat with two funnels, as I recall, and he hit the roof both with Sam and with me. In the end we compromised: I bought some huge rolls of white paper and taped it to the wall, all the way

along. As soon as Sam completed one magnum opus I would take it down and replace it with a fresh canvas, so to speak. It cost me a fortune, but I've never regretted it. In fact I [ee] proud of m]iself, as I believe it helped to make him the way he is. But Sam loves to wind me up about it. You see, he has absolutely no leanings towards

ldiom spot The idiom used in the recording was:turn a blind eye to.

to be attractive or different enough to be noticed by people; there is a related compound adjective: eye-catching. (Catch someone's eye also means 'get someone's attention by looking at them'.) Cotch someone's eye means

to look at someone in direct way, without showing fear or shame. Look someone in the eye/eyes means

Have an eye

for

a

means to be good at noticing a particular type

of thing See eye

to eye (with) means that two people agree with each

other. Be

in the public eye means to be famous and often featured in

the media.

art, being heavily into information technology!

Extract Three

Man: Percy Shaw

always had an eye for practical solutions.

Driving home through the unlit outskirts of Halifax at night, he found the perfect substitute for night vision, following the glint of his headlights in the metal tramlines. But he ran into a problem: no longer in use, these rails were soon taken up for good. With this serious setback, Shaw decided it was time to come up with something that would help him - and others - to steer in the dark. His now ubiquitous invention, modelled on the eye of a cat, consists of a mirror and a spherical lens mounted on a rubber pad. Each time a vehicle runs over it, the assembly is forced into its iron base and the lens is wiped clean by the rubber. which acts like an e)relid. Shaw patented his invention in 1934 when he was only 23 and, thanks to the cat's eye, became a very rich man.

3

Read the two extracts from the recording script and explain the meaning of the phrases in your own words.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

4

Look back at Exam folder t on pages r4-r5 before doing this word formation task.

Background information Georges Seurat was a highly innovative artist, responsible for the whole Pointillist movement. He was not really appreciated by the Parisian art establishment during his lifetime. His most famous painting is Un dimanche aprés-midi á lTle de lo Grande latte (Sunday afternoon on the island of Grande Jatte), shown on page 59. This painting took three years to complete (r884r886) and is now on permanent exhibition in the Art lnstitute of Chicago, USA. The painting was the subject of a successful musical by Stephen Sondheim, Sunday in the Park with George.

Style extra

3

the article quickly to be able to answer the question about art and beauty.

4

Read the section in the Grammar folder on page l8z after doing this exercise.

Using extended noun phrases is an effective way of varying the beginning of sentences. lt would be particularly appropriate to use them in an article or review

Read

p^ges 6o-6r

7.2

Part§e§p§es

'l

a

ln the example, dazzling is an adjective; eyeballing is a pa

rticiple.

b I

t¡

::

The

. .

two pictures show:

FortVimieux (oil on canvas) painted byJoseph Mallord William Turner (r775-r85r) an lmage taken by the Hubble Space Telescope of gas pillars in the Eagle Nebula, which is about Tooo light years from Earth.

6 a (being)

chosen

¡e,;be:i'ñ§'seá,Éhed

7.3

I,

sold

b

shown

i:f

ánnoün,ced'

c

d made

¡11.1grdámtá§qa..l.,1

1

p"ges 62-63

Rcardimg into Wr§tin g; §xenr p§§fysng y§ur §deas

1

The pictures show:

. . .

a

twee picture of a kitten

a clichéd image of

two people dressed as punks

a hackneyed picture

ofthe global business

handshake

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

be the most clichéd:image: lYoui:ee'thá,same thinglall the'time |n magqzines and on 5it iike''that ca,rds.,1tfs, so posed.tool-'when woüta a titte'n

Unit 8

'ifind thu kitten ail'inpinkto

l',

of lts own accord?

'

8.1 )'

1

The pictures show the cities of:

. . .

This Reading into Writing lesson focuses on how to include relevant examples of your own ideas in response to the

2

points made in the two input texts in Paper z Part

l'

I

Suggested answer two texts'are,complem'eltary The '

focusing

si

intheir ideas, both become original'images whén and,how

,,

clichéd.

prg es 66-67

Sydney-the Opera House and harbour Rome - a square with open-air restaurants Delhi

-

a hectic street scene

Possible answer Factors ranked t-5:

' r -effortless access to amenities r, ': ', z sufficient open sPaces' r, l diverseemploymentopportunities,:', 1 : ' :: , 4lowlevelsofpollution : 5 spacious livin§ aqqommod'ation' '

:.

'

:

3

Suggested answer r¡ré:iecon¿, text ri:n¿l údes.spéc!fic examptes -.sq

me, the best th ing, about city livin§ is,'t!r,q ea¡y access goncerts ,tor e nte rta iri me nt and cu'ltu re' -: h ávln§,á qhoice':of whlchr plut, a'r-ea1 is '. doorstep r and galléries on your . h'igh'rise small liv-e'in'a havingto possibly ior up makás Forr

I

qat l'

" : grietingl,ca ¡d,,popq,!a¡,p.q§te'¡:;iradiár.rt,tÚnset.orrer -a :' a nd e nt árgüm tlra nq,u lSiá.-.i n,ord€lta,su ppó¡t'the iché a n d:'cl Lity n,orígina tne ióntiast, betweé ' "m'ore

apa¡tment,

:"

-"L.

qnder,sta'ndablé-:

.. :,

,

.

Think about the advantages and disadvantages of city living the five as opposed to living in a small town or village' Use lifestyles' phrases to contrast these two

: ..

:

i

,

4 Reference

Possible answer

to specific examples underlined:

'Óbviously,a big city:hal diverse employment

'... such as those by lrving Penn and Diane Arbus among

ápportuiilties;-Éot tó mention- Boód, acce.ss to. mqny

others'

cu

for instance the cliché-ridden use of visuals like the business handshake or the world as a globe'

¡h"tri it urrally a lively atmosphere,'with

iturai a menities; such as á n ópera, h'ouset,and Plentyof'nightlife, Citiei often have histórical buildings too'

of Look back at Exam folder r (pages r4-r5) on the testing t Part PaPer 3. comPounds in

i expeiiméntátio'n ' z !ándmark:, ¡ inlPl¡atlonal ',,'

isr¡i ssiVety' l.S.'eountt gss,:, 6 pe¡suás 8 commonPlace

a, d

u rb zd 3a

.,

,..,.1.

Read

I

'

de!a! ues

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§cad§xtg

..:

,,..

.

2 .

pases

6+-6s

p §l*lxx§t§p§e rxnatek§rxg

through the Exam advice carefully before doing the

exercise.

,r1,p ¿B:r

1l' !4:i'6', 6B '7C:r 8:D 9A

ANSWERS AN

D

'and it:oftén takes'a Iong time to travelfró'm'one diitiict' to,another. Smaller towns andlvillages have lower leveis óf pollution and tan offe¡'more spacious living pa ces' áccom modátion, togethe r 1a¡¡1fi '5uffi cient,open s

.l'l

4c

Exam folder 4 Faperx

iver. I 7

:

so,m'4ny people' poll,uled' ,, noisy a¡e ¿n{ On the other hand; big citiés a¡eas'for',¡ercreat¡ona1 gréen' many usuatly without :us:,:-

'Take

5

:

roC

RECORDI NG SCRI PTS

ln PaperrPartT of the exam you will have to process a text or set of texts at speed to find specific information' Look back at the advice given in Exam folder 4 on pages 64-65 before you do the task here. This text is taken from an academic journal article, and evaluates a particular approach to city architecture in the USA called the New Urbanism.

J

Underline the parts of the texts where you find the r-ro (see answers below).

VCIeab¿x§arys C@mpo&§md ad§eet§wes emd

answers to

Possible answer

't 8 T h e¡,t,,giié iom e,Pf í,or¡U to:,9!!ef5¡bk1f!!

4 !:!.c, s

p a c e s,

ipry::rfi.,llniÍy ihitffütio?t e¡nd,a'idfíei|'of,píikst,qrid :,,,,,,,, '0th4i::41,éé! ilacei;;'.'in|Arder to fósté,r elémblarv civic

z

.

rI

a¡

rRe¡r coilocat¡ons The compound adjectives mixed-use and car-dependent are hyphenated forms that are only used before a noun, as in mixed-use neig h bou rhood s.

'

behaviour.

f

A,' Hótiii e.;V e r,' d uii n,g th i' g f ! t::qqJnd in.ib; iqiéiiió n of t h e 1:9gas..,the:ori gi;ñ a l d eiela pi er fo l:th:ii,'s'ch emie w e b;in'(,,iLlpf and;,'¡ he:'e nüré iiaje ct,'wat fake.,in "ov e r by a le$itty,tn p.§Íhqtj C d qUile, b ei,:,Wh?:, aA:ú liier.)dd v i rt u a l t v

nt'

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;

q.l l'

Of:CNA,Ii. pr, Wii p{e¡ ; ::tl g d:: La q,u h,¡¡' We il, be e n

E:cj.tp.p léf. éd',as,,,c a lth1ó

b!§g; onle af,, tli:e zoth century. :',;

D

Tlie,,U S;'q,óve.! r esll!

rf

pl a'h néd,it;,'

!!yi!!d@

nmént ipn'n,ióred co*iú,ny

i ch ih-to:' h CIu|in:g

§9&,:

,q,.

v,ítio: n a ú',, new f o wns" ói' t lé,,

gi ieai,:

:

pÍ

ie' n

ce,i

115,'hÓ,tl!:eh:ald:t':W4t,!d,'b:i¿fi|

o:iñs.,,,

lAté

Fánn',ié Ma

e'i

t,h:s:{,'.i.p t o

ta"li:ué,int'aii,5¡ngle'

fa m!!¡t,:d w. ;élli n g,, w íth,,:a,g a id e 0,: reg¡ardles.|,ol',inio m q, rgcé

ó{::cúrleht'tenule,itatu', : .: :. ": ' 1..,.,,':,,,...,,,,':.....:

:,,',

i; d:e,'peh de:nt,:§ ú b u lb.:, i,,,,, tr ii rr B rhey' h'aue"4,:,stwg: a4ferin¿iíf9r':!1rt:! i::: le/eto,tbme . t:hai, ¡s; th e,,u' ié,,ót:,1 a, n:d" wllthi n' q' büjlíu p,: c¡ :l e t p, e c!.a!ly,, at','p art, of ¿a;nl rn¡ian ity yq déúi'|opili e n t ,:a,, có.41e ntió ha,l,,iq

8.2 pages 68-69

l

nt'

§rxwers§om

1

;

Read the section in the Grammar folder on page r8z.

2

6

E Most

NU communities

tit,es";ép:tl!,é;;,!,,is.ti,F1,e.,,,qry

,.

tCTh?5iibé::::ilPa::pJli€,!f:lir.tei,n'm;eÁiil,wá¡;;onii,,of the p riit¡P ¡e 5' :b,e:h i h:d::tbé:illaf-i1¡ óf th ¿; B:riliih, h e w towt$i,',íf:fh*',LiiEp:,i.,s:u:ah:::,a,s,,Mitton'Keyné5:and Tellord.

8 E ..,a,qd,,tf:rt!l:dÍyÉ]6i lt

,:,probabty

of necessitv because of land scarcitv

g D U yba'h.¡gqplt al :\'tack is,,a kéady-,,

la

- to tinv pockets.

rgely,,íi;,', pla' c;é o

n

d,,,

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l

li',

liif

hgus¡aq,,in th,e !JS',h qi.beéA,,bui lt,ifi the ,4o vea rs, s o' í n n iyiat ión t,h lo g; q h' rc e w. qj.. is' : thié,:b,q¿ h d a f o r ,

at

e a.

f,'

the time beinq. t

oC

:,

eI s¿wh¿:

f

gr wá i :for

i e si d e nt s t o w o r k é;:,w¡fh,,th,e'j'obí ala ila b\e,:ilt the,:','néW town s f le:d :Sy;,¡ e ¡n ;¡v¡uler s fram.o utsi d é ;,w.ith,,ihé:, p¿t r e s u t t

T h e a:u e|wh: el m i r¡ g' t éi n' d é n

c h

3

the Grammar folder for further examples of prepositional phrases.

See

t stood z sat 7 did

3

hung 4had

5

stretched

6 were

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Meg: Not quite, I had good friends there ... Sally: Who have since left. Meg: Yes, but, well, an),way, as Sally will tell you, it

4 ari:l]:aira:aiiail

it::I:i:iito iiilrlra,:i} i::ti:t:::,raiia:l

i:::tii:::* i::a§:i::§l

i:l:§:iiii§

r§i:ii]§ :::i?liiiii§

:i:i§i'§ iiili:i:iii:.q

8.3

pages 70-71 Listeming and Speaking 1 The meaning of The grass is always greener ... is that there always appears to be a better situation than your own. 2

Recording script §llE lnterviewer: OK, well there are three people sitting in the studio with me now - Sall¡ Meg and Kevin - who are about to embark on a rather unusual 'lifeplan as they call it, something that will bring about a change of gear for all three of them. By way of introduction, we need to go through some recent history, and I'm going to start with you, Sally, because it's your discontent about where you're living now that has played a large part in all this. Sally, tell us where you and Meg call home at the moment. Sally: It's a tiny village in the Welsh hills, which no one will have heard of. Last November we quit London and headed for the border. Mum and Dad decided to go their separate ways, you see - I think Mum took this literaliy, she wanted to get as far away as possible from Dad at the time. Meg: It wasnt quite like that, but yes, the divorce had a lot to do with needing to get out of the city and start again. Interviewer: So out of the blue you chose a remote Welsh village?

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

hasnt quite worked out for hea though for me at the beginning, winding down was a godsend, it gave me the chance to rethink my life and decide on priorities. Interviewer: Mm, so, Sally, why has it been less than perfect for you? Sally: I'm 15 now and I left really good friends behind me, some Id known my whole life. Plus, I've had to learn Welsh to even function at school and that's been hard. And as you can imagine, there isnt exactly a lot to do where we are - most people of my age just hang around the village green or go to each others' houses. It's not that great. Fortunately, I've been staying some weekends at my Dad's place - so I can meet up with some of my old friends, go to clubs, you know. Interviewer: Mmm ... so the country idyll, not such good news for you, but for you, Meg, you're content with your life there? Meg: Yes and no-o. I have to confess that once the honeymoon period was over (a rather unfortunate term in my case) well, you know after a while I woke up and realised that this wasnt right for me either. It's hard to pin down exactly why - I dont suffer from boredom, and I still get a rush out ofthe sheer beauty and calm that surrounds us, but I ... I feel that I m missing out too, that I should be working, socialising more, going to exhibitions, all those things I used to take for granted, but which are totally out of the frame at the moment. Interviewer: And that's where Kevin comes in ... Kevin: One luc§ break all round ... Sally: Well, it's pretty flukey. Basically Mum and I sat down one night and agreed we had to get back somehow ... but we realised that there was no way we could expect to move back to London as easily as we'd left. Meg: Selling the cottage wouldnt be eas¡ and nor would finding somewhere in our price range in London. Sally: Mum had this real brainwave. She decided to look for anyone who might be interested in changing places. house swaps, that sort of thing. Kevin: And thanks to the power of the Internet, they tracked me down. Interviewer: And everlthing's fallen into place. But what's in it for you, Kevin? Youve already told me you have a large flat in a very desirable part of London, a good ioh-

Kevin: What I've got is a nice flat I hardly ever see, a higi:profile, high-stress job in share-dealing, no girlfriend. 'cos she

dumoed me a month aso. so lile's not exactlr' ofroses. But Ive been very successful and can afford to negotiate my future. Well, I want to get out for a while but not burn mv boats completel)¡, so }les's proposal is perfect. a bed

Interviewer: And how is this lifeplan going to unfold now? Meg: In a nutshell, we've agreed to change places for three months initially, swapping everlthing - we leave the car, the furniture, the tins of soup in the kitchen ... Kevin: Not the clothes though! Meg: If we're all happy, then we'll extend to a year, which will give Sally and I a wonderful base in London and Kevin some peace and quiet to realise his dream.

Interviewer: Which is? Kevin: Ive got an idea for the next bestseller, aracy

Voeabu§arys Phrascs wñth p§we*

4

The word place has a number of meanings in English and is a very common word, so it is worth reviewing your

knowledge of this word. The gaps require one or two words to complete the phrases.

5

There are two extra words that you don't need to use.

6

Remember that the three ideas on the part 3 prompt card are there to help you, but you don't have to cover them if

paperback on city slickers.

Interviewer: Ah, plenty offirst-hand experience to draw on - sounds promisingl And Sally, you'll get back your social life, but isnt it potentially disruptive, to your schooling and so on? Sally: Wdre going to be moving at the start of a new school year, so there's a natural break an1.way. And if things dont pan out, I can always move in with Dad. )Ieg: But I think we're all quietly confident that tt will work

you don't want to.

7

The phrases in a-l will help you to organise your ideas in a logical way. Use them to plan what you are going to say.

out.

Kevin:

Yeah, 'cos it's what we all want deep down. And

I make it

if

writer, well it might end up a permanent arrangement, you know, six months on, six off, the best of both worlds lnterviewer: Well, they say the grass is always greener,but vou seem to haye things pretty much sorted out. Meg, Sally, Kevin, the very best of luck.

-{ll:

,:laAl§,irli§Blt:i:r§lDtltdiEli:élB:llf§ti:§:a§:lli:iQl:: IF

as a

Thank you.

Time your long turn, which should take approximately two minutes. lf you can record yourself, do this and then play it back to see where you could improve your performance.

9

Read the Exam spot. lt is important that you listen carefully to the other candidate, so that you can respond appropriately to the interlocutor's question and contribute relevant ideas to the subsequent discussion.

-he idioms are underlined in the recording script in z above.

5

b 4:l:rci6l:l,'d:á:li§§::r::fi'!rtlliilir::lt,i:t:ii.t:l::r:::iii:tt:lrl::iii:

Writing folder 4 pases 72-73

ldiom spot ne key wordis burn.

a bu rn, á,,fi¡il§:¡¡,¡c§{§s§!$..t li,á&:ns¡§:tsái:yElüiwá¡tltt h

to s peiil(tiritlsirsi::ll:'l],

c

tti'é,:iiiiill8lc,li§:oíItiw§¡(l᧧iii!&th§iffi t.ii.,:ti:ir'lt,l set yo!¡!§ss§¡§§ilrádlbr&ilihálm§smsthit,!s,se,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

d

ndd

bu rn

wrongli..i]iiii'::i.:iitti:iia:t::iiiiltiii

e

r

I

in§i@riaN§ial¡§¡;.: m§tlirytdt§§¡§i:tthá,úriitl!§f§

Fart z §et teNt q&¡est§@m: F!!rm tie-im 1 Try some of the online suggestions in relation to the set text you are studying.

2

The Secret Life of Bees has been a set

text on Cambridge film tie-in is available on DVD. Further background information to the historical period

English: Proficiency and a

given below.

trivia l1,!¡iiñ§:á,trisiitt: have

lul

burn yqi¡itb(qg9¡:§táli§:§'eti,§nl!&§i!li:iror:¡iiá]áñbi:::tii:i.]i:.r::]i,r]:l

Background information

reve

Key dates: African-American Civil Rights Movement

rsg::iullll::ailiilllr:r:ii:1:a:tialal:"all::lr

Bllt,:::l

8

l a

.[)rt,.]l.i',]

1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus for a white passenger and was arrested. The ensuing protest made Martin Luther King a national figure.

African-American students won the legal right to attend Little Rock Central High School, but were harassed by white students all year. The local school system then closed public schools rather than continue to integrate. 1957 Nine

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

is

organised by activists on interstate buses South tested an earlier Supreme to the American travelling Court decision that had supposedly ended segregation on buses. By the end of summer, more than 3oo freedom riders 1961 Freedom rides

August is the most mate-r:,h¿l 6f lhs th¡¿ersisters; and in áddítion to beingthe bée;l¡qsprer:ishé:imakesrall tihel big rdecisions i n the household;, eu6¡'at' ¿écldin§ that' Rosaleen and Lily can stayfor ¿ while;éven,though June is suspicious. Jure is'msre toldlthán Augu,st she is wary of the unexpécted visitói§ and, nervous of committing to marriage with her long-term boyfriend herself more freely through = although she can eipres5 her musii. May is thé"moit emotiónal an'al sens,itive of the three. She is very prone, to téars ánd'extÍeme feelings, duérin Iarge pá1t to'the death ofiher twin sister, April, durirrg childhood, Eventually, she feéls unable to continue, bearing the weight óf'the world,'on

had been arrested in Jackson, Mississippi, held in tiny cells and beaten. Public sympathy and support for the freedom riders led President John

F.

Kennedy's administration to issue a new

desegregation order.

t,ooo activists, most of them white college students, travelled to Mississippi to help register voters and teach in 'Freedom Schools'. Through this action, some tTooo 1964 Almost

black people attempted to register to vote, though less than ro% succeeded. More than 8o,ooo African-Americans joined

her shoulders.

Objeets in the Pink,House, Iook asthou§h,!:h,ey ¡¿vs come d!rectly f¡s¡r','lg64,éven down,tó the smállest piece of kltcñen.equipment. ihe iame:ii true oi trhe clothin g' whether it is the im macú látel¡r.t¡¡¡"¿-ora att,ire that t'he three sisters and their friends wear, or the shabby clothes'in'which Rosaleen and Lily arriv-e. ln Tlburon, the cars, the shops and the movie theater all look convincingly like they belong in the early r96os.

the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at this time, to show their desire to vote. On z July, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act into US law.

3

lf you have seen the film, make some notes in answer to questions t-5.

' ..1 ,,. . Possible answers ,Havíng been,lbio,u§ht,úp in'6eórgia, Dakota Fanniñ, '' would have been very familiar with the accents and,diálect'of ihe Deep §out,h; as well ás with the agr¡iultulát setting !n úhich the events,of the film , taká,,P|ate;.tn thre,film,,Lily'ao'mes of agel :that is, shé,begi,ni,rher jo¡rnéi'f¡:om chi'ld hood to ad,ürkhood , - l¿,¡¡¡,[g, homáa,¡d éipe¡irencing he ifir,st love. As a I,,r lfeáll,fou rtée n.yéa rio ld;'Da kotá Fa ñn i n,g ern bod[el that : tra ntitory, périod,'between.ch i[dh,oodia nd adu]thood. ,,ln th; Ro-saleén dées not appeárto be much , older than Lily. We see how differently the young black .womanrand the yo,ung whité womán are treated by,

r

,

.

'' ' .

i

fil

'1,'

'

l

Suggested answer The seclét Life of Bees give5 ,a vivid piCtüre éf the, ,rise, of the American Civil Rights movement in,th,é,|áte r95os and r96os and is rwell-researched in téam5 óÍ period detail. The various examples cÍted a,bove indicatérhow succqs5fuIly the ñtm represents the bookiand brin§s,the characters and action to life.

,

Irr5óqié§/,'even thou§hi,they are both vlctims

of abuse. when Rosaléen,and'Lilyescape;it,isr Lily who is in . chargé an,d this ir credible;given their proximity in age in the flrn,'As q younger womaQrit also seems natural

older úoma,n to háve been accepted so easily by Máy's older sisters. 3 Th,e.beé théme provides ra,na rrativé fra,mewor:k for the story.,lt is áúspigio¡¡s that Lily is visited, by bees, at'the beginning of the film and that her father does not see .,th.em.when 5he conquers herfear of them and keeps one as a pet in her.fathér's ,house, we know, that bees will be important symbolically for her in her story. I lt ¡s the honey. label that she finds in hér'mother's . possessióñs whiqh leads Lily to Tiburon and ultimately

the box may be useful for an essay relating to a film tie-in.

The words and phrases in

r scene 5 props

writer

setting 2 lrew

3 cinematóglapti¡r ,4 actlon

department 6 wardroberrmanaget ' 7 script 8 screenplay

Units 5-8 Revision .

,r to the Pink House.Whil,e sheris'there, Augu¡t teaches tily héw,tércairé fór the bees and'this is a metaphor ,,fs¡,ffi6,,¡iürt,uring whlch Lily haslacked'i'since her r , " mother's death. The community of industrious bees is a in community reflection of the ordered and successful which the sisters live.

D

5

,,

fór Rosaléen,to take M¡y's place ini.the,,Pink House after May's death. lt would have seemed less plausible for an

ANSWERS AN

4

RECORDI NG SCRI PTS

pages 74-75 The aim of this revision unit is to focus on the language covered in Units 5-8 and to support Writing folder 3 on essa, Specific exam practice is provided on Paper t Parts t and 4. These tasks could be done as a timed

test of 3o minutes.

r

Use

'l

of

§mglñsh

The picture shows someone wearing a Lacoste jacket.

1B

Unit 9 9.1

prges 76-77

§pea§«§mg

t

The photos show:

. . . .

1

2 3

4

female Goth a man in overalls and a hard hat a woman in a sari a man in a business suit a

5

6

VocabuNany 3

Writimg 4 The picture shows a sculpture by Andy Goldsworthy.

rC 2A 3E 48

5D

Crossword the idioms, phrasal verbs and other uocabulary from Units 5-8.

This includes some of

Vocabulary 3 This exercise will help you to understand some of the vocabulary in the listening task. Use an English-English dictionary to help you with any words you have trouble

with.

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

[istenin6 4

Read

the Exam spot before you listen.

Recording script Speaker

I ve found is that suits are good as there's onl)¡ a minimum

iífl

I

\.\hen I left school, I was taken on by an environmental charity. I turned up in a suit, but instead ofbeing stuck behind a desk, I was out on the streets, fundraising. My boss at that time was a bit of a rebel. She had quite a fun§ hairdo and tended to wear ethnic stuff she'd picked up on her travels. I suess she came across as somethins of a hippie. We got on reall), well and I thought ld opt for the same kind of outfits - I can't remember anyone saying anything to make me do that but, to be honest, I think the others at work saw me more as one of them. But I do remember my mother not recognising me when she saw me

in the streetl Speaker 2 I play in a metal band called Zandroid.I have a dragon tattoo on my face and wear a leather jacket with a dragon on it. It does mean that people can spot me immediatel)¡ and I'm constantly getting asked for autographs when I'm out which is great! It makes me feel loved by the fans I guess! I had the tattoo done properly by this guy who I really respect and it wasnt cheap, I can tell you. It was funny how my look came about - I was on the train to a music festival and I picked up one of those free papers. There was a whole thins about drasons in it. I was hooked on the idea in a flash. Speaker 3 The dress code at my school is fairly formal so I have to wear smart clothes, but I go for tops and trousers rather than suits and high heels. I wouldnt want to raise too many eyebrows among the other staff members so no jeans. Not that the school is super posh or anl,thing, but ver)¡ casual clothes wouldn't so down too well. What i wear is sreat really because I have to spend quite a bit of time delving into cupboards. I tend to go for high-end clothes which aren'l skin tieht - ones that move with me. And thev should last - if they were cheap, they'd soon come apart. Speaker 4 \Ahen I left universit¡ I had long hair and wore old jeans. Job interüews were coming up and I didn't want to get up anv interviewer's nose and lose out on a sood iob. There was this job advertised which seemed perfect as a designer at this factory making cars, so I got myself a suit and tie and landed the job. I realised later that I'd got hold of the wrong end of the stick as no one was the least bit bothered, but there you go, better safe than sorry. An1'way, one thing

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

outla)¡ and now we have dress-down Friday I can still wear my jeans then. Speaker 5 I'm Indian, but I live in the US, doing research in a university. For years, I've worn western clothes, mainly skirts and blouses. I'd always steered clear of the sari as it seemed to me to be not quite right for the workplace, although some other colleagues wear them. Something chansed for me last vear when I went back to India to see m), relatives. The women in saris looked so elegant and I realised that the only person who was stopping me wear one was myself. Now, when I put on my sari. I feel pride in m)¡ heritage and realise that what I wear is not going to come between me and promotion or being accepted by others.

Phrase spot Expressions with come are often tested in the examination.

9.2 pages fi-lg Gerunds and infinitives 1 This first exercise aims to review some key points about verb patterns. Refer to the Grammar folder on page r83 you have problems with this. a

to wear c you to *"ui e him to shave f her wear

wearing

wear

b

-

if

J **uring / to

Corpus spot This exercise looks at common mistakes which are made with

gerunds and infinitives.

2

These verbs often cause problems.

a, i..maan¡.tá.:,.¡.ti;t;*..tá,

b rltr,wilf

c

,mrearñ,:,rlt

wllliinvely§

, ,, ., ", ,, ,

,rr,

, :, ', , ,

',1

We regretl'to.infér,m,¡réu,.:,Wer are so,rry'to have to tell VOU

d l::reg¡e!,,wea¡ing e

1,1

wl¡h ,l had¡n't'wo,tn,

,,',,

,

'

The first ihing that happened is the walk, now

I

remember it. f First remember, then buy the milk. g Fíist not fo,¡§et;,,thén p.olt the létteL'' , : ' ': ::, h First meeting boyfriend, then not forgetting. i Try to = Make an attempt j Try doing = Experiment with k First he talks about one subject, then another I goes on talking = cont¡nues talking m After a period of time he accepted this n A wayrof movin§; describing ¡¡" action o I heard Muse once p I heard them regularly

3

Recording script ','18 Woman: What do I remember about being at school? Well, it was some time ago now - in the 1990s in fact. I was at a posh private schooi. I do remember the uniform - it was bottle green, rather ding,y, and all the girls had to wear a shirt and tie, which was a pain, I can tell you. The uniform was realIy uncomfortable and I often felt self-conscious, especially when I was walking down the street.

The girls' skirts had to be the right length. If one of the teachers thought ),ou were wearing a skirt which was too short, then they'd make you kneel down and measure the length from the hem of the skirt to )¡our knees. You had to go home and change if it was too short. Some teachers were worse than others of course. I remember my English teacher, in particular. She used to wear the most amazing clothes - red swirly skirts and purple and silver shoes. She had blonde hair tied back in a ponltail and large glasses with a range of different coloured frames, over which she could peer. I guess she brought a bit of colour into our lives. I thought she was undervalued though by the rest ofthe staff I guess they thought she was a bit flashy. She reall). inspired me though. She gave us a book list once and said: 'Read thesel The books were brilliant, not fuddy-duddy at all. I used to go to the library every Saturday and hunt them out.

This exercise gives practice in the type of transformation found in Part 4 ofthe Reading and Use of English paper.

a b

c

d

e

'

I

don't,objeqt toyou¡rleáving early. to smoke outside your office ,

Do they allow you e ntra nce?

lt's not worth asking her out, she's always busy. My father forbade my sister to go /from going to the club in town. Book eaftyrind,,¡1ou,üi,!lavoid havinig,to queue / to avoid having to queue. lis doctor recommended that he do / doing more

Possible answer I didn't have to wear a uniform at school, but I suppose wearing jeans and a T-shirt was some sort of uniform. Many of the girls wore dresses but I never did. We only had school in the morning - we started at 7.oo and finished at r.oo because ¡ñ the afternoon it got too hot

:xercise.

¡ Ion't worrr,, t':prórmisé, tó post that létter fór you. "r suggest we táke our,b!kes with ús, I I su§gest taking ¡ur

bikes with us. better move your car immediately or else l'll ::ilthe police. :eter denied causing / having caused the accident. 'our had

*

-:s mother,made

hi,rrl

spotosi5e.

,'

for class. I remember going home and spending about an hour doing homework and then going to the swimming poolito meet myfr:iends. Once a week I had dance ctais

,;

.

and also my piano lessons.

-¡e woman

-

,,,

!

-

is talking about the uniform she had to wear -en she was at school and how she felt about it.

l -;gested answer '."". ', -. -niform walírbott[é,§¡éenrforthe girli,withia' sh¡rt

.-

: : :. The rules were very strict. The English teacher was

-.:

'¿tional and'wore intere'sti,ná clóthéf

. ,

,

Vocabulary: Prefixes 5

a b

c

d e

refers to person talking

- conscious

of themselves

wrongly heard going against something, not productive for something, ín favour too much of something under/below more than - here it is more than human

f g h against something i béfore - arranged before j to do more in the sense of competition here k less - the idea that something isn't given its true worth

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

6

lt is important to know how prefixes are used, although you will never be asked to form a word in the Reading and Use of English paper which has a hyphen. Take care, as dictionaries often do not agree on the use of hyphens. Use the prefixes you looked at in exercise 5 to complete this

ln Text r the points made are: people are unconsciously attracted by the way a candidate looks people believe that looks equate with trustworth'irne§s,

. .

intelligence,likeabilityandability.'

exercise.

ln Text z

seif:contained b sub-tropical c has,outlived d underestimate e misunderstanding f pre:packed g super-concentrated h anti'loc-k i overhear j counterargument k pro-American

., :

.

the points made are:

a

technology to make people look better in photos thanl

they are t:.: :.: the tendency to make people look better is something .l

.

that has always happened.

l

7

We have becsme more informal and less rigid in both what we Wéar and when we wear it. r would/does z intents 3 time 4 tell/see 5 between 8 into 9 come ro such rr ourselves 6 sa;y 7 r2 out r3 being t4 when r5 do

oui

4

think clothes aren't as important as personality. Clothing is important but not to the extent that you wouldn't be friends with someone who was, in your eyes, badly dressed- I think that people in the public eye should take more care with what they wear than ordinary people and that also applies to people who work in certain I

environménts such as an office.

9.3 pages 8o-8r Kead§rxg §rxt*

§áWr*&§mgr §'§rx§«§xxg

álO

bpeaKlng 1 The pfroto-s are ot, . a boywith a pierced lip . a makeover - when someone is either

digitally

enhanced or make-up/cosmetic surgery/botox is used to make someone look younger Possible añswers I don't think it is important to look attractive, although society nowadays seém5 to think it is. An attractive face means having symmetrical features and good skin. I think cosmetic surgery i,s slightly weird unleSs it is done for

really good ¡qasons, iike someone who has a cleft palate. Any facial piercing is dangerous in my opinion. Makeup iis fine as long as it isn't too heavy and wigs are also accepta ble. A politician should get a vote because of his or her policies not his or her looks. I wouid drescribe rnyself as fairly tidy and tending towards the casual When ¡t comés to dress. I would never look ' scruffy or unkempt.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

to the Phrase spot. Use suitable phrases from here to

link your sentences effectively. This exercise will also give you practice in giving your own opinion.

8 Possible answer

Refer

Possible answer First of all, I believe that the use of modern technology

to make politicians more attractive is just anoth_er way that politicians can bribe the public into,voting forthe'm; It does not seem sufñcient for people in politics to have suitable policies to attract the voters; they additionally need to use psychological methods. However, I do think that the majority of people are able to see through,,: : these tricks and are able to come to their decisions

,

independently. Moreover, it is highly unlikely that someone will vote for a 'pretty boy' or 'proto'Barbie dolll if they don't have a strategy for improving the e'conomy or creating more jobs.To my mind, it would be incredible if the general public were that credulousl Personally, I believe that today people are much more aware of ihe use of digital enhancement than in the past. Consequently, people nowadays are more likely to take any picture of their favourite star of stage or scree,n'lookingr amazingly thin or curvy, with a pinch of salt. Then again, we havá actually been enhancing people's looks for longer than the advent of digital airbrushing: Aftet all, didn't Hen ry Vlll of Engla nd receive a painting of An ne of Cleves, only to flnd that, disappointingly, it bore little reser¡blance to the realwoman? Portrait painters'in the past knewthat it was part of their job to make people look a bit better than they actually were and I believe that everyone was ':, aware of this. (248 words) ,

5

lt's a good idea to increase your range of vocabulary so that you don't repeat the same word when you write or spea k.

a b

c

d e

f

correct

Kead§xNg

w¡on§¡- they haúe a,,lói tá sa¡r on evéÍy,lsubjeet, whethef theÍ know wh.át;,the¡r ¿¡" 1r,U'n'g';,bóut or not

2

correct

-

correct

g h

i j k

the word! úled by a jurdge to condernn someórn,e to death. The use of the word'sentence'; whiih,isrconnected with language, also relates to the topic of the article, the death of languages.

are lively and éxcitablé, they hoard things

,'. "

i .

wfon,g,-rthey'háVggoodtaste,,

text to find the answers to the questions.

a lt is a pun (play on words). A'death sentence'is

wrong.they wrong

Scan the

,

''

.,.,,.,...., ,

wqon§:,théyr9€e no neéd f.o¡1,ch,angé,even if ,needed

b He seems ambivalent/undecided.

wrongr:rthellike to'rema'¡n in'ltherba,ckground wrong-theytr¡rto,,contlrol]people ,: ,l

3

'

correct

lgnore the words in italics when you read through the article at this stage.

4

Exam folder 5 pases 8z-83

(Or so they think.)

Reference devices are often tested in

the Reading and Use

of English paper.

Paper x §ar* § &xpped **x&

a

the death of a language b Kasabe ,c,the,6,ooo

languages d the fact that half are going to die out e languages f language death g lánguage death

-nis type of reading comprehension requires the reader to - rderstand what is happening both in terms of content and so in terms of reference. Sometimes the links between the

h what we learn from a

language i some people

=

::ragraphs are not obvious and it will require some skill to Read the base text first and then the gapped :a ragraphs. Think about the scenario, i.e. what the passage is : rout. Are there any references, e.g. it/she/they or moreover/ ::condly/howeverwhich might give a clue?

;:rt them out.

-"

is

5

These questions

a

3,:F 4

A,:

c,

this sort'of background (i.e.

. n ive rsity: Qualif qation i)r -,a,s mooth,ta lki n g láwye r

an

d

:cnsummáté liar:lyiñg lnl cor.poraté culture 5 C body :nguage -visual c,lu,es - shifty eyes ,6 H mór:e reliabie :ran body movements 7 D doesn't take,too much --ental planning... make up a story about something they

.^ow well

§peak§rxg

(from left to right) are: ringa ria n, .B u lga,qian] C ieek, pol sh, Tu ¡kish. - - e re a re abOutr 6;OoÓ, la n guagásl in the world.

:

H

!

¿nguage dies about every two weeks. any other is Chinese.

--= language spoken more than ::ssible answer

:- nt m/

f

been consider,ed a matter of so¡,ne.

language. Then there is a period when both languages are spókqn and f nally the old language is totall, 'forgotten and the major.ity lan§uage takes over. You need to have a wide range of spe,cielof animals for a hea lihy énvíron ment. The: il me ii tiuei oÍ d ¡fferent cultu res. lf you lose a language you lose more than just a

method of communication. medical treatments, early civilisations, new ideas about language itself One language is not enough to hold all human/world knowledge. The cartoon is someone asking in Esperanto if the shop accepts credit cards.

Possible answer Esperanto never became popular,becaüse it was based on European languages. it is qúite, an easy !anguage to learn, but only ifiyou already,speak a romance language. People from Japan, for exampie, would have as much difficulty with it as they do with Cerman or Spanish. My language, Hungarian, could never be a world language because so few people speak it.

Ithink

e languages

: -, n ese,

e

6

1O.1 pages 8+-8S

--

d f

Unit ro

I

b People start out by being forced to speak the majority

text on lying has some clues to help you with the first few

E zB

made an impact im porta nce

: - estions.

r

test understanding of points in the text.

anguage, Portuguese, is definítely worth

.;rning. lt really hélps you to understand your own : -:Jage if you learn another one. Also Portuguese is . :=autiful language and is spoken in Brazil as wellas r: :rgal.

Backgrou nd information Esperanto is the best known of the world's auxiliary languages and was invented by Ludwig Zamenhof in r887. It was designed to overcome problems of international

communication. Newspapers and journals are published in Esperanto, together with the Bible and the Koran. lt is also taught as a school subject in many countries.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

=

á

taken from an encyclopaedia. lt is written in an impersonal and informative style.

This

't

text

is

i ,D is córrect. A is ,used,rfo¡ a piegq of guesswork; B is for i a pe¡son whoyoü only know slightly¡.C is also used

'with,,betwéen but in the sense of twothilngr having something in common. z D is correct. A, B and C all have the idea of come from. An idea can stem from or spring from. A declaration is issued. 3 A is correct. B takes the prepositionJrom and C and D don't collocate with the idea of language. 4 A,is córrrect, Only A takes t.he word o¡c,in,this context. 5 D is correct as it collocates with rely on. 6 C is correct.Once herehas the meaning of when. 7 B is correct. A language may expand, feet sr¡zel/ when they are hot, you can enlarge a photograph and increase is,a,gelneral word wh¡ch canrt be úsed rhere. 8 ':Als,correCt'ag it takes the prepositionfrom.

4 Possible answers For my family, there ls nothing more I could wish for - we are all quite,happy as we are'. However;'fói my stud!9s, wish I could ioncentrate in clais rnore ánd,alsó'that I had a photographic memory,'l wrlsh my country had a bette¡ ' pu,blic transport system and also that everlro¡e,went to a state school and we had a fully socialist system. I wish the wor:ld Were a happier place and that po:vérty had been eradicated, along with wars and disasters.

I

k&fse,s§d

5

&W§s§r

1

pages 86-81

l'd rather prefer"

amd r§crx§y

go

b

you

went c spend

This extract is

g she

took

d left / had

left

e had :

The sentence transformations practise the structures

reviewed in this unit.

from an English newspaper and is a true

t z

you stood up for your rights / for yourself you stopped behaving as though you were they carried out would/'d rather all students wrote ,

3 4 5 I hadn't splashed out 6 he had/hed let me know 7 she had been aware ofthe strength / ghe had known

wiih itr¿y wouldn't look so embarrassed. I wishr,l could'speak to them. t wish the interpreter waslwere here. I wish this meal would end. i w¡ih,isoméone would say something. '

8

2and3

'

the strength

would/'d rather you took off / you didn't,wear

Phrase spot

These exercises should act as a review

ofthe structures.

Refer

to the Grammar folder on page r83 if you have problems with them.

the past simple

- be careful with this; it can't be used when the subject is repeated, i.e.you can't say twish lwould... lf only and t wish have more or less the same meaning. Some people believe tf only is slíghtly stronger I more formal in tone. :wauld

Corpus spot

a I do hope ... b I wish I could suppress ... c She wishes she were / could be d I hope you like e I hope you have g Herwishé5

Some of these phrases are easy to guess, e.g.turn as red as a beetroot. Others are more difficult, e.g. a turn-up for the books. Use an English-English dictionary to help you.

a

bl tire pist perrea

he wéle able to l,could rernember

.'.

hlho:Pe,1."'::' .1 , r her children were

i j k I

to

6

I

c

time and lt\ high time are slightly stronger than time. Note that I'd rather is never used with prefer asin

giveñ f h¿ did

story.

a

r«*§aer, §Ek *§rxre, c&e.

lt's about tt's

a

1O.2

,

they would stop smoking l wish there could always, be / I hope there will always be hoping

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Well, there's a turn-up for the, bookl - I nevgr thóúght heU get a girlfriend. He has a nice turn of phrase. He turned as red as a beetroot when -. From the turn of the (last) centu,iy, we see ...

b c d e I didn't know which way to turn when the airline ... g but he's suddenly taken a turn fol rthe,better and ... h Muriel didn't turn a hair when i Now, everyone must take it in turns to have a go ..,

1O.3

M: Youd think

so, wouldnt you? It may look that way on the face ofit, but actually ifyou get alarge organisation handins out money, it is usually with strines aLtached and those strinss often want a particular path to be followed. A solution to, for example, an Alrican problem is often thought up in New York or London. It can be

pages 88-89

Listening and Speaking The photos are of:

. . .

McDonald's in Marrakech a Mongolian yurt with satellite dish someone skyping

disastrous.

Extract Two

The photos are supposed to reinforce the idea that things are global and that everyone nowadays sees/eats/enjoys

similar things.

F:

I ve spent the last twenty years researching into how being bilingual sharpens the mind, but I didnt set out to find out whether bilingualism was good or bad. I did my doctorate in psychology, on how children acquire language. When I frnished, there was a job shortage in the US. The only position I could find was with a research project studying second language acquisition

in schoolchildren. It wasnt my

3

the recording twice, as in the exam. The parts underlined in the recording script confirm the answers. Play

Recording script

§!ffi

Extract One

F:

}ft

F:

There is much heated debate about the true effects of globalisation and if it is really such a good thing. Good or bad though, there isnt much debate about whether it's happening or not. Today we have Steven Bright, MB in the studio. Mr Bright, what exactly are your objections to globalisation? Well, on the one hand, theret greater access to foreign culture now which cant be bad, but then again some people think that weke ended up as one big superculture. And then theret that awful word, butsourcing', which can be detrimental to the economy, but not always. Fundamentally, however, I believe that countries are becoming too dependent on each other to thrive. Governments are becoming less influential in the lhce of an increasingly market-driven world. But, surely, helping developing countries to succeed by giving them loans is a good thing, isnt it?

area but it was close

enough. As a psychologist, I brought neuroscience to the stud¡ like 'How does the acquisition of a second lansuase chanse thoueht?' It was these tl.oes of questions that led me to the bilingualism research. The way research works is, it takes )¡ou down a road. You then follow that road. One interesting thing is that bilingualism helps with multitasking. lt was something Id alwa]¡s had a sneaking suspicion about. but as a result of one experiment. there's now no question. Now, I dont advise anyone to try this at home but we put monolinguals and bilinguals into a driving simulator. Through headphones, we gave them extra tasks to do - as if they were driving and talking on their cellphones. We then measured how much worse their driving got. Everyonet driving got worse, but with the bilinguals, their driving wasnt quite so bad. This is because the bilingual brain has had more practice at multitasking.

Extract Three

Bob: One summer my sister Elena talked me into spending ten weeks learning Chinese with her. I have to say I hadnt covered myself with glory during my previous forays into language learning at school, so I wasn't exactly chomping at the bit to go through it all again, especially with a language which is widely seen as difficult. But Elena convinced me to give it a go and. as shed previouslv studied Soanish verv successfullv. she had quite a few lanquaqe learnins technicues Id never thought of up her sleeve. Of course we did the assigned homework, but we didnt spend any extra time quizzing each other on grammar points or vocabulary, which you may think was a bit rash. Instead, we used post-it notes to put a Chinese label on everlthing in our house we could think of.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

5

The fridge, the bookshelves, the walls, the cooker, the doors, nothing escaped a post-it note naming the object in question in Chinese. Then, whenever we could, we'd make lame observations in Chinese. 'The chair's brown;

Possible answers

a

When you corne to think of it, irn't it rather depressing ,to f nd a McDonaldrs in everytown? ' ', All in ált, is it so disastrous that everyone can link up to the nternet? the cold light of day, won't these transnational compa nies bring m uch'needed investment'tÓ poore r In

the stress on the first word.

iacehorse

bóat'house rl,hóusé b,oat

road

she,ep

sign

dog

Do we all want to wear the same branded clothes, in,thg final analysis?

6

back seat

Atthough, when you come to think of it, iln't it rather depressing to find a McDonald's in every town? The linvasion'of global fast food chains sometimes lrea.tes problems at the local level too, driving'down thetakingsr' in established cafés and éven forcin'g closure.Th:at canlt,be good news for the community at iarge.

Prefixes might be tested here as well as suffixes. Always read the passage carefully before you do the exercise.

¡ litefary,,

4 obs,ession

5 réspónse,, 6 cón,cáption,, 7 unsatisfactory 8 spectacle

7

Writing folder 5 pases so-s1 ..

t

$raft 2 Aruc¡e 1

a Coógle ,:b

2

coca'Cóla c Apple ieod@

d BMW

Remember to include a title when you write an article.

The best title is c. Title a doesnlt,iefl,ectthe a¡,gúment,expfessedi b is

uninfóimativé; c is tatchy aña ¡n ttre spirit of the article.

3 4

Look back at Unit lo for useful vocabulary. The sample answer in exercise 7 includes further ideas on globalisation.

to use some of these expressions in your writing, as they offer further ways of linking and reinforcing ideas. However, it would be inappropriate to use them in an essay, due to theirjournalistic style.They are best used in Try

b

all

c

come

d

cold/clear

When you write your article, follow the advice given in the Exam advice on page 91.

Sample answer Are we living in one big, happy global villáge? Or,are we currently witnessing, as one journalist so neatly put it; 'global pillage'? Globalisation is a complex issue, but one thing is certain: it is irreversible. Many transnationál corporations are now more powerful than national governments; they will not give up their dominance, as too much is at stake economicallY. Yet at the same time, the decline of the centrajised_nationstate is allowing more independence at local level.'Regions (which were oftin countries in their own right formerly) are re-asserting themselves, from Scotland and Wales to Catalunya. Far from mourning the loss of tlAdition, these parts of the world are strengthening their cultural

identities. Take the speaking of Catalan in north-east Spain, for example. Banned for decades, it has resurfaced stronger than ever in the last z5 years, and is now the medium of instructíon in schools, the language of |ocal government and often of business too.

Howevel in the cold light of day, it cannot be denied that global pillage is going on. Doesn't every town boast a ñ¡cDonald's? lsn;t eváryone dressed in Nike trainers and Tommy Hilfiger sweatshirts? Companies such as these have made h-uge profits from our desire to .o.nf9r*... . . Nevertheless, if people want to make those choices, that is

articles, reviews and letters (to newspapers).

a end

,

tea bag

,ólcl womá.n

ngfuf,,,z,,scho!a¡fy,,,,

:

cou ntries?

Some extra words can be made with red and old but not all are included here.

t, rnea,n,l

,

c

Adjective + noun usually has the stress on the second word.

g1áishouse

mightn't globaf isation bring mor:e

I

Noun + noun usually has

rac,e, r:

American produ,cts impose a way:of life on us as alien at the end, of the day?

b All thi,ngs considered;

FroxxxNme§at&orn

taióet' hór'e,

::Dón,;t

that many regard

couid. Ten weeks later we finished the course and we got 'As. I enjoyed it so much I decided to do Chinese at university.

red

art in Units 5-8

Revision on page 75).

I dont want to be old; Where's my favourite pencil?' You might laugh, but that reall)¡ worked' We also rented as many Chinese movies with English subtitles as we

4

Rhetorical questions are appropriate to both articles and essays (they were used in the essay on

e all

their decision.

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI

PTS

My

of

Recording

sa

3§:r::::itili:::i:

dying, actua

his story ... So, Steve, your relationship with Abby has been through some ups and downs but is definitely on high now? 3:l:l::lil

inst

the zrii threat {¡rg

Steve: That's right, and wdre finally tying the knot next month. lust over five years ago, I met this bubbly little lady - Abby. We went out, shared some laughs, and pretty soon, I knew she was the one for me.

-a, - she even told me about

pages g2-g3

5peakimg 1l

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another guy she was hoping to get together with. At which point, realising I would get nowhere romantically, I decided I'd better cast my net elsewhere. I met a nice girl called Samantha, very down-to-earth - the opposite of Abby - and we started seeing each other once in a while. We had well_ paid jobs and money to burn. AÍter a good holiday in Spain, we decided to move in together. I think we both understood that it wasnt true love, but we rubbed along fairly well. Unfortunately, quite soon aÍter that, Abby made up her mind that I was Mr Right after all, and made this very plain to me, though not to Samantha. Interviewer: How did you take this bolt from the blue? Steve: It was baffling. I actually wondered whether she was joking, she used to do that, but I knew deep down she wouldnt puIl that trick any more. I rationalised it

Think about the seven attributes in turn and decide which one is the most important in a relationship.

her own a Iot i}ñ'qliililiaitti:iii:illalirrl:t:riii:iai:i:lti:iiiiaiiii:i:iliiiir:.lii

What

i Ab.byi6. :io:álist-atio,¡ti¡¡rl

Interviewer: And there were displays of obvious jealousy,

r,

Listening I The Paper 3 Part 3 multiple-choice

task requires careful

listening'between the lines'for inferred meaning, so spend some time working through this one - it is the first full_ length Part 3 task in the course. play the recording twice, as in the exam. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm the answers.

rD zA 3B +B

SC

- her then current boyfriend worked long

hours.

take,

üle

a

Interviewer: And was it love at first sight for her too? Steve: She was happy enough to spend lots of time with

Unit rr

i

Steve came into the studio to

prove to us that life still has some happy endings. Here,s

oPen

1I.1

script':rl'tll

Interviewer: Last week,

werent there? Steve: Yeah, wetl be at the same pubs and there would be anguished looks from Abby across the room, deep sighs if she was ever standing next to me at the bar, that sort of thing - I misread the situation for ages - she,s aiways had a streak oftheatricality. Interviewer: What was your reaction once you realised it was genuine?

Steve: Well, it dawned on me that I was calling the tune now; if I wanted it, Abby and I would have a life together - otherwise, things would stay the same. It wasn't straightforward, there was Samantha to consider. She'd always been very supportive and loyal. For a while, I couldnt decide what to do. To fend offthe problem, I threw myself inLo my job.

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI

PTS

Interviewer: And did colleagues

at work pick up on

anything different about you? Steve: Very much so - Id never been that keen and efficient before! Although my daily routine was much the same, I was glad to get to work, because it distracted me - but I made sure I kept my private life out of our usual conversations. As time went on, there was growing pressure on me to do something - for all I knew, Abby

might give up in disgust.

Interviewer: Then, one summer's day

.. '

Steve: Yes, one beautiful morning last |une, I couldnt keep up the pretence any longer. I sat Samantha down at the kitchen table and blurted everlthing out. She was terrific, far from holding back tears, she didnt even seem mildly phased by the revelation that Id been carrying a torch for someone else and it was over. fust rolled up her sleeves and started sorting out my life for me: phoned my office to say t and wouldnt be coming in, then told me to get round to Abby's place pronto, preferably with a big bunch of flowers - she let me buy those myself. Interviewer: And so Samantha walked out of your life and Abby walked in. Steve: Yeah. Abby and I rented a cottage out in the country. Last summer was idyllic, and, well, it matched our mood. We got to know each other properly, spent every evening gazing into each other's eyes at sunset and ... well, I'm sure you can picture the rest. Interviewer: Absolute rapture, straight o:ut of True Romance... how wonderfully slushyl So when did you finally pop the question, Steve? Steve: I was at a big family wedding, one of my cousins, and Abby hadnt come, I think she had flu. An1'way everl'thing seemed to fall into place at that event' I managed to sit down with my mother and talk about Abby - Mum'd been giving me the cold shoulder, as shed really liked Samantha and, social norms being what they are, had seen her as a prospective daughterin-law. Any'way, she came round after our heart-toheart and I went off to offer a lift to my cousin's old schoolfriend, who lives in the States - I hadnt seen him for five years. Well. he looked me between the e),es and said. 'Youve alwa)rs loved Abb)r. so how come you're not married ),et - get a grip, Steve.' So I did, leapt in the car without him, drove back and proposed. It's funny

though, it had taken someone at one stage removed from my life to state the obvious. lnterviewer: Well, Steve, I wish you and Abby every happiness - you certainly deserve it. Steve: Thankyou.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Vocabularys Phrasa§ verbs

6

Both examples contain phrasalverbs (with noun collocations).

The sentences should include:

bottle up / blurt out a secret tone down criticism c whip up emotions d fend off blows e choke back tears / bottle up emotions ¡ shoot down an argument a

b

ldiom spot lf necessary, play the recording again or look at the recording script for

3.

6

11.2 pages g4-g5

a

üradmh§§§*y

'

Possible answer =¡cebook is great. I couldn't plan my social life without it :nd it means lcan keep in touch with people ldon,t get to -:ee very often. I guess there are disadvantages to do with xivacy and security, but it doesn,t actually úrorry me that uch.

-

Richard and Cindy met

' ;.rce/from

z

through an lnternet chat room.

anything 3hardly/barely/scarcely

: -aving 5 as 6 Within 7 rnori

:

Refer to '

:..l

.

"

,:. -

8 sotner

the Grammar folder on page r84 if necessary.

not say'com pletely affectionate', as ,affectionate, is a ble adjective; conversely,'devastatin g' is a n u n grada ble

ca n

;da

a

long time in a freezer (in a frozen state) Second example: INFORMAL and non-literal, used when a person feels very cold b First example: lf something is empty, it does not contain anything. Second example: having no meaning or value c First example: used to mean very difñcult to deal with note that although thís sentence is fairly informal, the meaning is not restricted in register - e.g. UNMARKED Trapped in a war zone, the journalists are facing an impossible situation. Second example: lf an action or event is impossible, it cannot happen or be done. d First example: INFORMAL, non-literal, meaning very stupid or crazy Second example: (old-fashioned use) seriously mentaliy iil e First example: non-literal, used of a situation where there is little or no hope for the future Second example: literal use - if a place is bleak, it is cold, empty and not attractive. f First example: lacking in taste or flavour - note that although this sentence is quite informal, the meaning is not restricted in register - e.g. UNMAR KtO The meát was dry and tasteless. Second example: offensive, likely to upset or anger

The picture shows a girl using a social networking site.

r

First example: used to describe food that keeps for

ecrive, so you cannot say'extremely devastatingl-

-:

adverbs deeply,Jairly, immensely, rather, very go with A ='adable adjectives) and the adverbs absotutuíy,ántirety, " ..erly go with B (ungradable adjectives). The three :: , =rbs that can go with both are pretty, quite, really but . -.r'e are register restrictions.

people

;tterly miserable :oubly disappointing ;:ightly embarrassed

a alternative b cautionary c collapsible d detestable -- e honorary, honourable f laborious g

- igh ly suspicious

f

h hypocritical i philosophical

lsolutely staggering :cmewhat envious :

I

:^3

:

seems fairly laid-back about tomorrow,s interview Know she has spent ages preparing for it.

: .' 'orecast about the weather was remarkably accurate

' : ,,, cn earth did you know it was going to be slnny today? use is ungradable * nationalíty is an absolute. ln " -= ;:cond use, the degree adverb very'can be used - here, -= ::jectíve is gradable, as'Britishness'exists on a scale "=

-rst

m

virtuous

n

k tenacious

voluntary

8

::ssibieanswers -., I remaining phrases)

-:

theatrical

orthr;;

j repulsive

r indeterminate z setting(s) 3 decidedly 4 disclose 5 a llia nces 8 inroads

' : ' ¡ild to very strong, or stereotypical.

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

l

11.3

Answers and Recording

pages 96-97

Memd§ng §r*to §Vr§t§mg; Ke§ermr,x§at§mrx x

1

The pictures show members of a street Sang on a housing estate and team bonding at a business meeting.

Possible answers P.eople:qánform in soc¡éty by weariñg similar qlothes,

having si milar ta¡tes in ente¡tá l n ment and leisu re activities and by behaving in the same way. Being part ofa Broul offeis security ánd the feeling of beJonging, rather th'an being,an outlider. People may join a sports club to play spori, but they often want to make new fr,iendshipl too. Being aécepted into a gang is alSo a form of conformism.

2

Speaker 1 I was at a twenty-flrst birthday dol Id just broken up with a beautiful girl who Id been head over heels in love with and my 1oyal friends thought it was time to find me someone else. I'm quite shy but I was instantly taken with this girl they introduced me to, called Sarah. She struck me as reall)¡ fun and sparkling. read)' to chat to an)¡one' even mel Anyrvay, we were married a year later. Shei a wonderful person - she must be to have stayed married to me all these years! She's been there through thick and thin, ancl I can tell you there have been times rvhen money's been extremely

There is overlap in the discussion of belonging to a group, but the contexts are very different.

3

Statements r and 3 reflect ideas in the first text.

4

As said earlier in the course,

it

is extremely

important that

you use your own words in Paper z Part t as you will lose marks if you copy the wording of the texts. guggested answers ai peopleis biased attitudes'and failings b iihére ¡s á trend of extreme behaviour c members are inclined to inflate the group's worth re1ar:dt:he group as better than it is d the belief that the group is invincible .e la rlgidity in'outlook f, ,a desire for homogeneity g the suppression of individual views h any épposition is firmly dealt with

5

/

pases g8-gg

§aper p Par* 4 §W&x,,x§&§p§e mxa&e&a§r'rg 1 Look at the information and the Exam advice. You will always hear the recording twice.

the extract for Speaker t twice. Underline the information containing the answers and look for where the distraction is occurring. Play

ANSWERS AN

D

3

the extract for Speaker z twice and follow the same procedure as for SPeaker t, above. Play

Answers and recording scriPt

zC

'lE

7C

Now listen to Speaker Two and, with a partner, decide on the answers for Questions 2 and 7 . workaholic and so actually finding someone to have a relationship with was always tricky. I'm at the top of my game, head of a large fashion house, and I've found that men find me a bit intimidating because I'm so determined to succeed. I guess that's why I've always liked older men they're usually less insecure. My partner is great, so shrewd about people, much better than me, although when I first met him, even though he was as stylish as everyone around me, it was his intellect that drew me to him. I like to think

I'm

ln the rewritinS, most phrases can be used from exercise 4; 'disregarding' can be replaced by'ignoring'.

2

tight.

Speaker 2

The answer has a strong introduction that puts the topic into context and includes own language. The remaining paragraphs concentrate on the second text - the first text is only summarised briefly and there is no evaluation of it.

Exam folder 6

scriPt 1IEI

You are going to hear Speaker One. Look at both Task One and Task Two and decide which answers are true for the first speaker. You wiil hear the recording twice.

RECORDING SCRIPTS

a

bit of

a

we're really rvell matched.

4

Play

the extracts for the other three speakers and complete

the task.

3C 48 8F 9D

5A

roC

Recording script 1B Now listen to the other three speakers and, for Questions 3 to 5 and 8 to 10, choose from the lists A to H' Use each letter only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. You will hear the recordings twice. Speaker 3

I'm

a

writer and Id lived alone for years. An¡'vay, I went to

party and there rt'as this woman there surrounded by admiring men - someone told me they thought she was 'gorgeous'but I didnt think she was my type' Anlwa¡ u,hen I did get to talk to her we got on like a house on fire' She just seemed to be so full of stamina. so dynamic' We a friend's

married six weeks later - a whirlwind romance! Any,wa¡ weve had our ups and downs obviously over the years but it's her warm personalis¡ that keeps me close. We do have rows, mainly about money, and I get very impatient with her, but we always soon make up. Speaker 4 I started online dating when I moved to London. I didnt know anyone so I was determined to give it a go, and it was cheap! That's how I met my husband. We,re kindred

spirits really and I reall)¡ like the fact that he,s such a perfectionist - everlthing has to be just right - I guess I am too really. Some people say it would drive them mad but not me. Of course, I didn t notice that about him when rve first met. Most peopie see the handsome face first but it was his attitude to people that attracted me. He was so broadminded and reall)¡ opened m), e)¡es to the problems some people have in society. Speaker 5

I went on quite a few dates when I first moved to New York. My workmates fixed me up with people. One was this model with not a hair out of place who looked terrific, but rvas extremely dull. Not long after her, I met this wonderful girl on a plane to Tokyo. She wasnt conventionally pretty, I guess, but she just managed to see the funn)¡ side of everlthing. We got married soon after and we,re still in love. What I love about her is that she's happ)¡ to spend ages reading to our kids and, not onl). that. she can find time io sit and chat to m)¡ elderl)¡ uarents and thatt not easy as my mothert beginning to forget things.

3

You must spend enough

time reading the text and missing paragraphs, in order to work out the links involved. In the exam, underline key phrases in both as you read. The parts of the text which link to the underlined phrases in paragraphs A-H are given alongside the answers below. Notice that there isn't always a link both before and after a gaP.

r D before gap: tweezers, scissors, ek.;

:rt,::'tt§le¡:§ap:t§,{{1

::

r?:r¡r¡f tCt€.¡P.li¡t:er4re¡

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after gap:A,T,C,G

Unit rz

i:?iti',lg:i

12.1 pages roo-1o1

,::llii:::rr:r.iilii:::r:4.:.::::ta.pia::rr:::i::a:1rríig:ylvr.:{ali9!:ux:t!9rgP::au:q1:{llILgIi:§g::üItg::.::it:l:li:::::rl

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ldiom spot

Readimg

2

The photo shows

the minuscule guitar from Cornell University that is referred to in the opening sentence of

the text.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

12.2

pages 1o2-103

Fassive struetr¡res 1

lat!;ll$l§:*l§:lt{,:l4 tri:il§t tr 2 Refer to the section in the Grammar folder on page t84 first if necessarY.

a Marie Curie was given the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for her discoverY of radium. Homes in and around the city have been affected by lengthy power cuts all this week. The'miracle'drug was found to have unpleasant sideeffects.

Meteorites have been found in Antarctica which are believed to have come from the Moon. Dark matter is said to exist in the universe, but (it) has not been detected as Yet. The car will no longer be manufactured in Europe, due to recent global restructuring. The Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism was won in zott by Mark McGurl / was won by Mark

McCurl in zoll. The latest version of Adobe Flash should be installed to get the best from this application.

3

Use of

the passive will make your writing appropriately

neutral and impersonal in tone.

12.3 pages 1o4-1o5 Listeming and Speakimg

1

Remember that the prompt card is there to help you in the exam, rather than to restrict your ideas.

2

The recording lasts the full two minutes.

Recording script .'r'18 Interlocutor: Now; in this part of the test you're each going to talk on your own for about two minutes. You need to listen while your partner is speaking because you'll be asked to comment afterwards. So |ana, I'm going to give you a card with a question written on it and Id like you to tel1 us what you think. There are also some ideas on the card for you to use if you like. All right? Here is Your card. fana: Well, I dont have a scientific background, but I think science is something that affects us all nowadays' You cant afford to ignore what's going on in advanced science. There's a lot of media interest right now in the latest developments in, say, genetics and DNA profiling'

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

Er, I do think it's worrying how genetic testing can be used, actually. For example, if you have a genetic disorder of some kind, you may not be able to take out

life insurance ... or get a job even. But then, on the other hand, DNA analysis is helping to solve crimes, and thatt good for society, so it's good and bad, I suppose. The main problem centres around information. Most people dont know the facts and so naturally they're worried. So what is needed is more information in simple language for ordinary people to understand and perhaps this needs to come from the government. Because I think the biggest worry of all is that the whole area of genetics is being driven by the business world. Much of the research going on today is backed by big companies - drugs co..., pharma... pharmaceutical companies and so on - and they're going to want something back from their investment. Which means that the research is not being done just as research, itt not pure, not independent. ... I think too, that they're

not controlling this research. The public needs to be properly informed. There are potential benefits, yes, but we must be told what's happening and why. You know, things are being pushed ahead at such an alarming rate and ... mm, I dont know, it seems to me, it's maybe not always going to be helpful for society. Interlocutor: Thank you. Erik, what is your üew on current career opportunities in science? Erilc I m actually in the final year of a biology degree so I can comment on that personally. Wdre always being told by our lecturers that more progress will be made in biology in the next five to ten years than has occurred in the last fifty. It's a fast-moving field. As Jana said, there are many new companies ... biotech companies springing up, so yes, job prospects are good for someone like me, I think, plenty of different directions to go in. So it's not all doom and gloom, far from it. lnterlocutor: What do you think, |ana? hna: Well, Erik is speaking from experiencel Itt good to hear his positive take on things.

Recording script

a

iÍl@

You cant afford to ... iqnore what's qoinq on in the

vanguard of science.

b c d e f 4

So it's

...

a double-edged sword,

I

suppose.

what is needed ... is more information in simple language ... for the la)¡ person to understand. 'v\4rich means that the research is not being done for its own sake ... it's not pu6 ... not independent. I think too, that the research is ... not subject to enough resulations. It's maybe not always going to be for ... the greater good. So

Practise building up these phrases, repeating aloud after

the speaker. Recording scr¡pt lii'§E

a

concern cause for concern

considerable cause for concern

Theret considerable cause for concern in the whole area.

b

duty duty bound to Governments are duty bound to regulate the industry.

c d

e f

repercussions possible repercussions There are a number of possible repercussions. significance the social significance The social significance ofbiotechnology should not be underestimated. cusp on the cusp of We're on the cusp of completely new forms of treatment. reservations extreme reservations I have extreme reservations about the confidentialitv of

all this information.

Phrase spot

luterlocutor: Thank you.

Fronuneiation l ¡3

b 4,:,:

tmtice how Jana stresses important points (underlined in the rerording script on the next page) and pauses for emphasis sirown by... in the recording script).

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

Education as a career Several past students have opted forjobs in teaching and it is recommended that anyone considering such a career should attend the information day planned by this department. At this event, it will not only be possible to meet Head Teachers and Science Coordinators from schools in the region, but also former college students who are now qualified and practising teachers. A more unconventional path As indicated above, any report on current opportunities would be incomplete without mentioning other nonscientif c jobs that past students have taken up with relish.While none of these jobs can be said to demand the recall of actual science, the generic skills that students have been given through their undergraduate courses are directly relevant. Here are some of the more unusual career moves: . accountancy . stockmarket brokering . counselling . air-traffic control . casino management. Next steps More details can be found on the student website. A booklet is also in preparation. (36o words)

5uggested answers a Jenny set her heart on having the new gadget. b The consultant set out her stall to the whole depa rtme nt. c Allowing her teenage son to stay out late has set a dangerous precedent. d Nothing is set in stone as yet. e The vivid description of the Martian landscape sets the scene at the beginning ofthe book. f The sound of a young child attempting to play the violin reaily sets my teeth on edge. g A leading biotech company immediately set the wheels in motion to recruit the young scientist. h Carla's a good singer, bui shet never going to set the world on fire.

6

Notice that two of the expressions with run are used in the

text run

the risk of and run counter to.

rB zC 3A 4C 5D 6B 7A

8D

Writing folder 6 pases rc6-1o7 --*r--I

The work you have done on passive structures in Unit rz can now be used in your writing. Notice how passives are

Other examples of signposting: This report summarises

used in the report"

The first point

lmproved ánswerwith sub-headings and bullets This report summarises the current career opportunities for science graduates, drawing largely on the experiences of past and present students. Many finalyear students have already been invited to interviews and some have even been offered jobs, conditional on graduation. A broad scope of employment The first point to stress is that interesting opportunities exist outside the specialist scientific fields. This is dealt with in the final section of the report. Academic research Relurning torpurc science, it has been estimated that there will be over,a thousand post-graduate posts available for the next academic year, countrywide. Students should consult their tutor for advice in the first instance. High-achievers should contemplate applying for scholarships to the U.S.A., where so much research is at the cutting edge. Students wishing to follow up on specific research possibilities in the States are advised to consult Professor Crimbleton.

Exciting new opportunities The fast.moving developments in biotechnology and genetics look sei to provide good job opportunities, as many companies are being expanded in theír bids to become market leader. Fouriocal companies have specifically requested graduate trainees from this college. They are:

.

Bio-futuires

. Genotech

. !

PJF

Seed Research

Railton Systems. Application forms can be obtained from the Ad m

inistration Secretary.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

This is dealt with in the final section Returning to pure science Here are

Referring forward: c, e, g Referring back: a, b,d,f,h,i,

j

3

a b

c

d e

4

high-achievers

fast-moving, recently-formed un- (unconventional), post- (post-graduate), non- (nonntific) -al (unconventional, conditional), -ally (specifically), -ist (specialist), -ship (scholarship) at the cutting edge, career move scie

Do you

find spider diagrams helpful? There are many other

ways of making notes, so use the one you prefer when

planning your report.

5

Write your report, following the advice given on page

1o7.

Sample answer KELVINCTON FILM CLUB ANNUAL REPORT Following another successful year, the club is able

to make

ambitious plans for the coming twelve months.This report will summarise its current financial situation, review recent events, and outline future plans.

Financial affairs The cl;b hás,,seen,rái iliBhtrrise in áxpéáséi',:fi i,mr rental costs wélre,,increased táit,Ju!y and,rna,i!,iná,céstí: have also risen, due to,a,¡,nrétable,linc¡e¿i§ l¡, ¡¡¡s,m[eri[¡p¡ 3z new members hávé-joi,ned and, iheir feesr,have riontr.l buted,:torr.r,, the club]s heallhy bank batánCe.rMoreover, in March, the club was awairded a,§rant of f5óó from the pr!,ncefield

2

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3

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I comingr:along,¡,,.,ml.nettlé

,

. n, bl,ulrtlná

out

,

.

n:edt,tlá

iáely by

§{Vr§t§rx6

4

Here,is, mJ repórt on oúI,Club_li réiq'nl.éÍehángé''Visit

té

. 'r,,,,,i,,

,Aust,ial iá,:,'without éxcépt!on;, mem bérs.whOlpaitiiiDateat.l,,., ,¡n th i5: t,rip W¿re h ighlyr aPprec,iátiVeró,f thé,.m'etitu ,rplanlltéd,itih,elá:ry, not to, rnrentióñ'rth¿ttwaim, Wé:lcome, , , . , .,,,,

lously-

i

rby: éúr éalyigóin glÁu itrálián hóStil:rtr i s ton gstand in§, relátión thlP:,to nti n ues,itolfléUllishr and úe wi tl be , hó§tirRg a ieiór:dlbrearking 6¡,u16§f,.of,üiiitOiS this summer ,

(see below). Travel

excilin§ devélopméntr i5, t,h,e imm i ñent, setti n g u p of a IVD library,which hai been, req,uétted b, many msrn6.rc. -he scheme,,will ,árllow,m,embers,to rent u,p tótwq films at ,

Thé intei'(ontinéntál fl ishts,went srnóothllr á nd we ariÍved, in Melbourne on lchedúle:A,ioách:r,h,aiJ:,been

p-éir:iéd¡ of,ihlee to fivé ¿ári. r , r th,e'club i¡ pioUd tó confirrn, th,at,,the Canadian : rector Brad, Eastwood,has accepted,the invitation to give a talktómembe,¡s;,date tó be tonfilmed.This event :romises to be both informative and exciting, as Brad is n own to,,be, a ljye ly 'a,nd controversia L spéake i (34o wo rd s)

time, foi ":,nally,

Using compound adjectives in your writing will show your range of language.

¿x!énded

'llembersi ieqúe:tg,rwh ile,the:booking,rsáiretáril¡ a I ready ,ras a potentia,l.l,ist,of lcréeni,ngi; it is ¡ot too:late for ne

cámé,in,fór bturn,

k a spade a

,

. ,'1 .', , Annüal,cl,¡¡b dinnelrDécsrmfu¿¡i'r' Of th esq'the,Cá,n,nés:viSlt wa 5,pa rtiiu l ár-11¡ popula r a nd t h a n ks rn ust be :given toJo11,Wél t m,a,n' la r,or gp ni si n g eve ryth i n g,so, we |L, l ñ corntra5t; thér'l éctu re,sei:ies ¡ n October wá5, poo f ty: átténdéd;r añd :en lrólrn ént5 ba re ly covered thé'rcósts, of;the,Ve,nrue,,a nd speákei ft:úould;,,,:..,, re apprei!átéd,,if,,mern¡be¡i coü!d,glve th,é,cor¡r¡ittee feed ba c'k a boüt rthisr éve nt; sol,that't he sá mé,mista kes a re rot repeated. Future plans

C

'Péter, h,ad put on'a suit

not/nevea [ose si§ht,of]the,:factthat,,tu¿'ki,,. ,,§,, ¿5 ¡¡¡¿¡1'¿Ihip is ionceiqed¡ir?,iittrár,hává ,,,

Film Institüte, dlue to,the impressive bid submitted lby the

Th

agreed to take it in turns to tidy went on to discuss

o

,

rgan ised, !ó t¡'a nsport u s to the: civii: iéieptién;rw h e re ir ind ivid üa l hosts awa ited u s; Travel üith iñrÁustia tliÁ'.:

:.:'.,.,.

ou

was,rnostly: b¡¡rp'la nre ': ü nfortuh,atell¡; réUr:,rilit,tói ntidedr withr industria,l,action, só ou,r:rtrrárnsfers:wérié, nót,,én:tiiély1

r

,,,

r,,

itr,r,,,,i

trouble-free. Trips

Thé,highpoint'rwas the Cféat,',Barriei,Ré,ef,where two

éxhltá¡aling,d,ayswerés,pentrdeerp:i9eádliviná,,Thqse

Units g-12 Revision

whó chose nót to dlvi,:wéie §lvéry¡thá: after,n¡tivq of a half:.da¡l'tr:uise.in,arg!,ássub,átkimed'.¡óat; , whleh was iaid to beivéry enjérya:b]{1folr:.á11:'qoñlé,¡néd',.,,,r,:,:.

,r,.,,,

lages 1o8-1og

,

':' ::

Paper r Parts z and 4. This Use of English section could be ^e as a timed test of 3o minutes.

".ise

o§ §Ntg§§sk

This

r

In Writing folder 6. Specific exam practice is provided

,

e

m

I

would.

informativeto,visit,rd,u,rirng',t-hé,d,¡1,11seásoñ;twh,l¿h allowwider-rangingr,accesstóirthérpa¡k,,,,1,;,,,,,',:::'1' ,;,,:,,,,

.

Return visit There wÍll be +8,tifitó¡:¡, to us ,in,Jr¡,ly;,ihclüdilgrsix,.f¿.miliés,rrr, úith }roüngr'childreh:'iin vieú,of thi:i,,iit,willr:he,]nre¿issali,,.'::::::,..., to' fi n d extra,hosts. StÍate§iés, foi.ac hiiévi 6§: l¡i¡5, 9,¡ó¡¡d.ibe,:, ', a,gieed at the next cfub meeti:n,g, ln antÍcipaüon;,ióild the,

,

text comes from a magazine.

.'¡ith z uslfeadérs 3 Not, 4 but

.',,,

beis :háve iru §geitéd, trr;t +h¿l vl_iitrto, t h e Ka kadu,rN atio n a I Pa r.k .cou [d'háve,béen,iextend ¿¿,;, ¿g'¡¡,'*¿; ¡athe¡, rushed¡,ln'¡ubsequent yeáis; itt,mi§htlrá!¡o be more 5ome,m

-- s revision unit practises the language covered in Units 9-rz :'d earlier units), as well as extending the work done on '::crts

l

mérn,bers

'" . advertising in relevant journals " , '. , féátuie in'local newspaper ', . posters in public places, e.g. library . mailshot to schools and colleges . interview on KJY radio ', clüb,Webs,ite?' fóllowing suggestions beltablédt

come:' 6 nothing i ail 8 gives , 9 among/perhapslposl!bly ,:ró but/while/ ", rilst/although rr góldate rz everyóne"' ,r3 When/ - -ce 14 might/could S

':":,,'."1,,',,llii , ,

"

": ,.,.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

,,

,,,

.

: |.:.'

'

Il§§ii3l

Crossword This includes some of the idioms, phrasal verbs and other vocabulary from Units 9-rz. :::llP§ii§!§l§:elt!!ry§ii:i::l:iil:::i:ilii:::::::::l:li::l::l:i::::::l::]::l]t:r:rtiit]i:ll:::::::::il:i:]ll:illi::i:::i,

Rerycle glass, paper and cans.

Don't carry shopping in plastic carrier bags. Don't use disposable containers or cups. Turn off Iights, computers and TVs. Turn dowñ the thermostat in your room.

:ri:§!§§::A:i§¡!aé:1§¡ry§¡(1l§11§,9ttege,

i':::r:rrii::::':i::::::'::::..i.ill:l

Use recycled stationery and toilet paper. lfyou use a car, go electric and share car space. :t:u§gai§'nliclkgfñ§iq!!!]!81!.!i:§Ul§tt:::::::::::i]::::]:i:i::]:ttlriiltititttttili:t,,,,,,,,,,,,,::::,,::::.,..iiii':::,:'i,

...r\o;iültééti,lo.,¡t¡u.¡§tr¡ate|§tyli§Crq§§!§l pio§rammes-,,,,, Fix any anv dripping drinninq taps. tans. Always use biodegrada ble prod ucts. lll§Oñlf:q§él:h§ibiiídi§§:6irinsecticides in your gardeñ:ltrtiiiliiiiiirrrrrii Use paper carefully. :rii:tuiniietrttlie,,tá§, w6!rñ,,mú,t§i§an.f §lir:t§§t§ii.::iiirlr:irl

:l§§§:q?:§§i{cirx,a§l¡rll!§§il!!9!jlt§]§§ltt¡r!§liiiii:::titiiiiiiil

ListenirTg

4

through the questions beforeyou playthe recording. the recording script confirm the answers. Read

Play each extract twice. The underlined parts of

Unit 13.1

13

pages 110-111

Vocabu Iary: §mvirommemt eol locatioms

fossil fuel pristine environment

/

ice cap

finite resources greenhouse gases l:::!frá:!§Ii§hpita§§§Irc§qi§rc§§]r:rll]rrrrii:i:liiiiiiiii'iit.:i::::::..::li:::i:iil]]il:i::ilitlii,,,,,.

climate change solar energy ,l:::p§P§:l§§¡§§::§§!l§i§{§l¡§§8§:iitii::ii:rl:::::irliiiii:lii:t::.i::l::iil::aiil,:i::i:til:lil:i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,::,,,,::,i,,:i,,,,:i::

melting ice cap lf§§§?§§,,.,l'tlt1,,,,,,,..,.....,.:::r':::r::.::rr:.:.:,r.:::.i::::i:iir.ii.

lllttllt..lt......

§pea!«img 2

The photos are of:

o . .

an overpopulated city smog from cars and scooters

deforestation

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Recording script

ri:l'E

Extract One Kids love it when I

say

I talk rubbish for a liüng, but it's the truth. As a recycling officer, I'm pre§ obsessed with cutting down on consumption and waste. People come into this freld from a mix of backgrounds. Mine is teaching, which is ideal, and most days during term time I'll have some contact with schools. Kids are ver), receBtive to the 'save the planet' message and they're actually natural collectors of everlrthing from bottle tops to newspapers. which is useful. If it's a keen school, I'11 ask questions and they'll bombard me with questions of their own, which is great. But if I ask, 'rNhatt recycling?' and someone answers'Riding your bike I know I ve got a long morning ahead of me. Usually theyie completely spellbound, theyve a rough idea of what the Iocal dump is, but with a video and descriptions and the occasional trip, I can really spell out what landfill means. The cost olburüns rubbish is enormous. Even takine into account the roller coaster changes in price for rec].cled olastics. slass and oaoer. it's still worth recvclins. and children are receptive to that. What really gets me is the lack of local initiatives - there is often no direct link between polic)¡ and action.

5

Extract Two

PIay

Interviewer: Now, Professor Dean, the greenhouse effect has made finding alternative sources of energy all the more urgent, hasnt it?

Professor: Indeed. If not for the greenhouse eflect, we may have been able to postpone finding a replacement for fossii fuels for some time. Places like India and China, for example, have huge quantities of cheap coal at their disposal, but with the greenhouse effect we need to

You need to get some idea of register in English because you are often tested on it in different parts of the exam.

Extract

I

effect 'Extract 2 ¡ rf f¡s

r

rn ¿ ¡,,Ll sesl

folma

iu l t i n g d ow n,

!,.

spe_e

-a,,biiof aweirdo;l:guess

These words are all taken from

a' peoplé

ch ; p o stpon e,

a

",

t

i

r

fo ¡m¿

I

the

::::'::

,

':,,:""::

the Cambridge Learner

b{oke iS informal; mqn'is, Unmaf ked i r ': ,, ,,: , ,,' uff ,is in{ormal; thingS, irs,u.nrn a,rked ;,;,,,;,,,;,,,,,,,;,:, e' frequentedls forma\ went fo ii, unmárked"',i'

d

st

f lreckanis informal;fálnkiis unmarked, ,' ' g boozing is very informal/slang; drinking is unmarked i

i

fe I I qw

j,,

Welcome, fane.

generall)¡ accepted, isn't it?

Of course, it didnt help that he called his idea the Gaia

i9:,,

r at h e r.

s,nops is iiá:for

I

\\bman: Good morning.

i\-oman: Indeed, but you know, even in the i960s he was thought ofas a tree-hugger - someone who goes around hugging and worshipping trees. A bit of a weirdo reall),.

I i r,r'' 'r ' n¡ e nt,is lú nrna rked i

c,

that policy would make a government. Extract Three Presenter: With me to talk about environmental issues today is Dr Jane Dove, of the University of Melchester.

Presenter: Today we're discussing the Gaia hypothesis, a theory about the Earth put forward in 1965 by Iames Lovelock. Now Lovelock was a scientist outside the British establishment. He took issue with the accepted r.iew that the Earth was just a passive host to millions of species of plants and animals, and that these living organisms simply adapted to the environment they found themselves in. /ane, nowada),s Lovelock's theor).

is ur:irna'rked; 'persois'is us:,ed,in notices and

government handouts b,a m eI i o rati o n is f or mal;, i m p rove

surface area. Eventually )¡oud have people and ,youd have wheat but nothing else. I'm not sure how popular

¡ ¡¡o rm ali' g utt: }s mod err¡ otog rap h s' is'u,nma,r'ked,,I.

d,a1s¿

ma;.li ph

lou;)t',isinfor:mal¡ tertible

i:s

unma'rrked,',,,, ::', ;':,:

.

rr¡

ad,,¡i' inf,armali

a n

n

,

rit ,plad:entis,.farma]l;.9argfu| is un,mql¡ked

fi

i

noyed, is,uñ

,,

ma,lkéd,.,,,.'

7

a

broke (destitute is a formal, literary word)

b'

s

ki n ny {sk i n hy. is,mor e,negative in,. ton e t,l:a,;á,,s e n d e r) c : enem es (:opl, o n9 nts,,is máin ly used, i n,,spéit),,l d sneaking into (entering Ís just,ü,¡márrke'd$neaWA§,,nia,s ' ,the,idea of doing som,éth.ing únde¡hlld), .,,,l,,, e iornmence (kick off is used to ta'l'k á,b,o,ú,t spoit é¡,,,, ..,,,,, ' ' i nfór ma l ly to mean,',be g! n' ;, co m tu e hl ce,::,lS mo ¡e fó.¡6}l',',,,, :

1

i

I r 1',¡111:' and,5ttj!¿,1¡g,forthecontext) r' lost his Cool {became dispt'eased i.s,faimáL;',lói51 ¡¡5 ,oo¡ is the 5ame register as,'sóeked hirnr',i'n,thejáwl,iie,itirrit ',t,t.,,r informal) ¡

f ,

c str,uck{this is much i{ronger,than,;auihéü,r:,,1 ,:i I h trickIing (tr¡ck Iing is far wat:e¡, that il,móv¡ñg,,slow!V; ,, ' ,- ,: floodingismoreforariver)' '

,

hr.pothesis.

in fact this name, after the Greek

goddess

. n".tn,p".n.

his peers.

oman: I guess to them it seemed to represent the ver)¡ .rpposils_o Lr Eklseientifi c enquiq¡. ::esenter: True, more a 'holistic'view of the Earth - that's :5 a whole rather than its individual components. He \

.',

for

--,,eXa'§geration

Corpus.

to do it with biomass energy, you would need an area equal approximately to ten per cent of the Earth's land

"ttt

is a play on words;

Extract I: ma n useg fa i rly fo¡ma I spqéch,; Womá,n mofe i,nformal

use issue. Say that by 2050 you wanted to supply ten terawatts of power, which equals the current total energy consumption of all humankind, and you wanted

Yes.

-'to talk rubbish'

,disposal,the,,transitian;,humanklnd,

Professor: Well, that brings you to the inevitabie land-

?resenter:

informal

'

6

energy?

l:

q.ü.it e.,a,.few 1wé rd s.a ¡e''i nfs i mia,;l ; pletty r, ki d s, pe'l l o ut,;: a loug h,'ideo;'asé,' Of boim bAtd;

"',i

make the transition earlier. But renewables. such as solar and wind power, all tend to be verlr episodic and the power density is low. Investment and take-up of renewables has been variable.

Interviewer: And what about biomass

the recording again and decide which register each

extract has.

lD,

:,_?,4'

3,C, 4,8' ,5A',,6,{

'',7,C',:,8,8,

asn't an amateur though, and his ideas have since

.ained acceptance.

ANSWER5 AND RECORDI NG SCRI PTS

2

13.2 pages n2-113

Use your notes to report what was said. Refer to the Crammar folder on page r85 if you are unclear about how sentences in reported speech are formed. The reporting doesn't have to be word for word as long as the gist of what is said is there.

.la

Heporteo speecn 1 This listening task is aimed at introducing Play

reported speech.

the recording once or twice and make notes.

Africa

z desert landscape 3 collect plants r,6 (the) i5 á,nd páinti,' r4ll(thlno),;fóotprint,r áeologists

r southern

,¡¡¿1¿,¡¿r:',1f

th¡ivin§ 1,dóing:well

,r

,,

,',,

"

,

5uggested answer Southern Africa is the last truly wild hóme of endaii:gered bla'ck rh,inos. l'ii m'ost other'plaies they't¡¡" ¡n atther fenced ,enclosures or uRderarmed guaid, The, m¿n sáid lhgt,in',the:' desqr:t théy árelweré compfétqly free tq roam. Herstated that rhinos were helped to survíve in ioüthern atrica ,,

Recording script

"18

Presenter: Nowadays we're all aware of the need for biodiversity. Without a range of animals and plants our planet would be a poorer place. Weli, I've recently been to southern Africa, which is the last truly wild home of endangered black rhinos. Here something is being done, albeit in a small wa¡ to encourage biodiversity. In most other piaces black rhinos live either in fenced enclosures or under armed guard. But here in this out of the way desert landscape they are completeiy free to roam.

And yet the fact that any rhinos survive in that part of the world at all is partly due to our guest toda¡ Susan Newhail. Susan, how did you come to get involved? Susan: I was in the desert collecting plants and painting and I came across a rhino footprint. That was how I first found out that there were rhinos in the area. I didnt realise that this was unusual until I met up with geologists who were working there, and they said there was a terrible slaughter going on and showed me places where dead rhinos were lying around. So I launched ahead and used the media to help me expose what was

She said she

the rhinos could be saved, but Susan and her dedicated supporters refused to admit defeat and today rhinos are not just surviving in their harsh desert home, they're

/

'dhad no p,revious,knówiedge of rhinos

RECORDING SCRIPTS

:

an

with / had,éventuaI[y met'up wÍth geologists'who w:ere"

.,..

working I hád been working in the aréá á,nd the)¡ totld l had totd her albout the terrible slaughtei"arid'took / had taken hér to see the deard,bodie§.rA9r a iesÚlt,she,,r;sedlil ,, ' had used the medi'a to expose what wás,/ had been §oin§,: '::':

'

on. Thé man congratuláted her,on,finding !¡e1óotp¡int; a§ i,, things would,'have t,u rned óüt d iffe,lenlly :lf.llre had,nlt.,,,,,,r ,feLr¡d ll,,§'fig agreed and said'thát itrwas an,amazing stor¡ espeilall¡r ai she hadnlt actuálly seen ar¡h!nó:,, The manrwent ón to say that 5ula,n h,ád.got:tégethe¡- ,, :' with séme fii'endi a'nd startéd an oÍganúation to protect the rhino. He said that poaching in the country had been rife and if it hadn't been foiSusan ther:i wéuldn't be any ,

,

' .,::.. ,

rhinos today.

3

...a.'

to the notes on page llz before you do the exercise, which contains some examples of unusual patterns. More information on these forms can be found in the Crammar Refer

folder.

l'i?1'li,l1TrTi'i,

*

I

r hi d,b óén n uI e tá,*á] r, r could walk to school wit,hout,WOrryin]gráboüt,tyáfficr b She said that it would bé good'íf I aáme:to,tea , sometime I that I rnustlshgulrdrQome to,t€¡rrlomet,i,me. r I 5he said that I had to- ¡:emembei !o reqyclq t'he rubbish.

,i

d e f

e,,

n ¿

ot

he

,

,

g

D

I

d doing some Pairnting s h g, eamel /,had come aicross a rh ino footprint, She eventü,¿ll1r, mét, u p,l

nts

She said She said

that I mustnit smoke in,thé restaurant.,'

She said

that if she had been mayór, she:would

fined,

,

that companies wfiich po|l,üte,riverl,mu.st.be

I

.

,madepublictransportfree.,

oositivelv thrivins.

ANSWERS AN

ad

bee n, looki ¡ g fcrr'p'la

going on.

Presenter: It's amazing to think that if you hadnt found that footprint, things could've been different. Susan: Yes, that's right. It's extraordinary you know Thanks to one rhino which I didnt even see. Presenter: That was back in 1980, and after her discovery Susan got together with a group ofother people to help form an organisation to help the rhinos. At the time, poaching in the region was so rife it seemed unlikely

h

, béing in thé desert and thatwhen'shé was"looking / had

",,

'"

ri ',',""

"'h,ave

5he said that,if the children pi'Cked up the,Ítbbish regularly, she would pay them.

.

4

Read

the notes on page uz before you do this exercise.

Suggested answers

Possible answer

a

Tina suggestéd §oin§'to Ci**. i¡¡;,yéar,lfói their/our

b

Fred decláred

thát he,úouldrálways leve Da,phne. /

decl¿ied his und¡1ing loVe fórl Daphne,l;,,

njmalls countr)¡ óf ,o¡igin¡ ú!th,.ihé ralm of, ie¡introd ucin native §precies báck lnto the|¡ oún háb¡tát,,, r, "¡ , ., ,

,'rá

'''.....,i

it.

13.3

lr

1

Suggested answers Tina territati¡re!¡1 su§gestéd,..r 1 ,

d e

f

g h

6

pa¡sionatélr

Fred,d,ácla¡,ed

thit...

Colíñ:¡,el.UCtántlydeiided ..' i,, I My. móthér,rsighedr,ie,si§nddlÍ

i.., ,

thanks to a special breeding programme carried out in the

; ,,r ,, ,',,, ,,, . .,r ,

'i i i

r,. , ,, , ,'

USA. r

l

2

"

The'old man peeyighir o6iected .,' i , , , rr , ' r .ii' rr' Rosercóhfidentllr claimed l,',', " My b¡:otherrstubborn:ly.,irlsti§tiedti,.,:rr r" r '"'iii'r' Lucy cate§or:iiafiy r,efused .., i , , ,,,,

,,

i

á p¡Qy, b,rto,,pr.qy {on) ,,:, c,pied¿tori,r : drdlermégraphic e §:ústaina,bility f su§tainá ble/u n,i.UEtajná]blé,i.

l

'gdoméstieáte. h,cgnjférou,s,, i.rdiúe,fi!¿ldiversifi_Cátibn,,,1,,,

j d¡úe¡iifita:tionldive¡iity.,k,.d:iye¡sé,1,

,,,

'

m,révo!,uiio:naty,r, ,nti¡élitaO,¡!¡ty

Remember to write in direct speech for this exercise, not reported speech.

3

'You'll payfor thát broken járltthe shóp,keepe1 exclaimed angrily. b'Weil, yoúrve,,b1e¿¡s¿' 1,¡,¿t,exit'.Verr¡r rtiáely' With you r ca r,

d e

sir,l th.e,,pol,lté

oftrcéi,sáld,iaicásticallr-,

r,

¿

g'Then

'

This 1

7

text

is

,,,,,.;,

.,

3

turned/gave 4 way/style

5

up

;,rce

14

it

r5 keep

c

into,'

dr,of

,, ,e

róf

,ur,f

in ,, ,'g

of

h in/

,

.

, '. ..

,

complex.

5

6 not

sake 8 corn rno;n: ' g:hardlylsc,arcellrlba,refy]NOT rarely such u more/better rz without/lacking 13 because/

ro

,,

Text z lt is hot worth't-fyiná to saverc¿rtain,:types,of a¡imql. ¡: Tiying to decide úhich animái to,:piétecti,is bften not I practical;iaithe n,aiuie of,théiEarthls éco:iystem is so '

about how man began to study nature.

as z having

ff¿{6¡¿¡il,

leach!,ng effects on othe,i alimafs ánd. léád torgréátei,: recognition of il:angers to,the pfáne.t:,:,, ,r..

.

'Well no.w, lrili have,to thri,nk áboutarpAy rise,l'hi5 boss said cautiously.;,,

6

their habitat. ¡ ' Helping'an animalto,suivivé will;§enérál!¡r, have far-

d.qnlt,,§t,you,r ch,ild,ren ñear,,my.,hoqse,l my neighbéu¡iietoitéd:rúdely- :: ' :,"', :::::.::' ,,":'::: ':'

h

'

o

'What did yoú qay.iyout nam,é,wa:?lthe doctor

t.', . .,, . .¡,

,.,:t ,t,:.:t,

Suggested answer Text r La;¡se ;?r i mals a re ver¡r'¡¡¡,por:tant,tó,ther ecólogy of

'Nowrwhere .á,re m¡t §la5sesi'rny §¡andfat,he,¡ rru"r"O a bsent-minded ly. 'l thjhkrllll'go shoppin,§ this afteinóon,lTheiésa said

mur.m.urred,ieássu,¡ingfy,.,,,.,,.'.:,,,,1

11,11,éüolte,,

,,1 : ,,,,,t,ti,,

4

'No; Patridái,a co,lsn¡ n,ót a dash,ithe téáeher,stated pedantica lly.

decisively.

f

¡6f,

to ion jto

r,,

,,,,,,,

Keep a note of nouns and their dependent prepositions as they are often tested.

Possible answers

a

c

pages n4-115

The illustration is of a blue whale, an Ascension frigate bird, a gorilla, an American bison and a giant panda.The bison is the only one which is no longer endangered,

reported sentence.

c

,,i,

Kcad§rxg §rxto Wr§&§xxgr &§xr§ms sp§m§sm§

This exercise shows how using an adverb can enliven a

a b

g,

The old manrobjeqtéd,to the'window,being,opened.

f Rose tlaimed that h.ad,fre-r,bo.ok,i¡ my ¡chool bag. g M¡r b¡othái [n¡li¡ted onl'goilgout, : ,,' ', ' ' h Lucy refused to go by train. 5

way, to, pr:ese ¡ve enda nge red, :lpeciel. i¡ to,rháve. a s pe rm to try tó iorgá,niiié, nation¿¡ pár,ki !¡ the

r bank,an:drthen

Fred

,1

c Co'lin déci.d,e-d to.takethe,joh, ' ,,';r ' ,, d My mo-thel §ig,hed and,foqgaVe mqfór,breaking e

i belieúe,thai, animals sho¡i¿At,:6é,téÉil,in,'ió¿i. rhe ¡est

Possible answer il

thlnk tigers and polarrbears áre very u,séfül in tne that they are very accessible symbols of what is happening to many animal species. However, we mustn't forget that other animals; vilhich, aren¡t.só attractive, such sense

ás certain types of insecL are alsé'endangéied.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

t C Suggested answer The two texts contrast diffe¡ing views of what to do about nature conservation. According to the first passage, which gives the example of the tiger, large species are of

fundamental importance to the ecology of their habitat. Helping a species such as this to survlve will, for the most part, have far-reaching effects on other species and lead to greater recognition of dangers to the planet. Personally, I believe this'argument to be correct. Even though it would appear that we are concentrating too many of our efforts on one'flagship'species, as a rule, these species are at the top ofthe food chain and thus are vitally important for the survival of other species" Without them, the balance of nature would be in jeopardy. The second text puts forward two contrasting ideas. One is that it ls not worth trying to save certain type¡ of animal. ln the case of the panda, for example, its deciine

' zA 3D 4( 5B

6D

and eventual disappearance seems to be inevitable. The

other line of argument is that assessments of this hature are not practical, given the elaborate nature of the Earth's

Here is an uplifting array of thrtJt, vetch, yarrow and dozens more that toss and chatter, apparently immune to the salty south,westerlies. ' Onty the dreariest Linnaean sergeant-maior could wsnt to dragoon all these inta arum maculatum. Their champion is the naturalist Richard Mabey, whose Defence of Weeds must be the most eyeopening book I have read. Exotics arrive from round the globe, spillin:g from cargos an to roads and railway lines. Wild flowers have evalied a class system of their own: effete respect is shown to Raven's country cousins while war is declqred on Mabey's'vegetable guerrillas that have overcome the dereliction of the

industrial age'. Despite the damage they do to othér flora;that splqndid weed, the daffodil, is planted out'wild' b1r councils ... When a friend of mine drove raund ... hurling poppy seeds from his car and delighting in the subsequent harvest of red, he found a year later that it had fallen fout of ministry herbicide.

ecology. I beliÑe that, if we accept the premise that the natural world as we know it today will disappear entirely and that we should do nothing to counter it, then we are also acceptíng an impoverished future for our owrt species. For this reason, I cannot agree with one of the ideas put forward in the second text. I do, however, feel that, with respect to certain species, for example the polar bear, perhaps too much effort has been spent high,lighting its problems at the expense of smaller, equally endangered animals. ln conclusión, I would say that everything,should be done to help all species, as this can only help the

planet. (299 words)

Exam fold er 7 pases n6-117 §xmp*r x Pxr& g Max§t§p§*-ek*§ec

*ext

This text is an extract from an article in which two books are reviewed.

Unit

14

14.1 pages 118-119 \ryLs¡.!á 5

1

l¿ | iñr d? É ik rsr

One photo is of a girl doing Pilates and the other is of people working out on exercise bikes in front of TV screens.

Suggested answers false * Depends on what your daily routine is. lf you work on a building site then you probably don't need so much as soineone who sits at a desk alliday. b false - You need to keep active to keep your bones and muscles healthy. true - They're carbohydrates, good soqrces of energyd true- lt will be digested much more easilythan a large evening meal. e false - lt is just one form of exercise. lt is best in

a

c

combination with other types of exercise., faise - The only known way of living longer ii to live on a very low calorie diet. false - Although having a personal trainer may'make '

to try to guess the meaning from the context. Sometimes it is difficult to guess the meaning, but it is always worth a try. You are not allowed to take a dictionary into the examination. Don't forget to read the Exam advice. You need

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

f g

you more motivated.

§ead§rxg

2

Read the article and then read the questions and decide which section A-D contains the answer.

r z 3 4 5

B (lines

r4-r7)

r 2

Indones,ia, Berlin, Europe, Oxford Univer:sity European, university, one-day ticket, houséhold,

3

a

union, hotel

..

D (lines r6-18)

A (lines r6-18) C (lines rz-r5) A (lines 7-9)

i

b

7 B (lines 8-9) a or(tines 14-r:7) '

ci

:

9 C (lines 9-rz) ro A (lines rr-r3)

, ,d,

3

eil Possible answer I

f

think lwóuld much prefer,to havéra personal,trainer

who'could tailor'exercise to my par:ticular needs. Knowing

that someong would be coming to my hoqsé at a certain time every'week would reattyiriotivaie me to carry on exercising. l have tried,Pilates and found it very difñcult and seme of the other types of exercise mentioned don't

8ii

hi tl

seem very effective:

4

Ken's job is as a personal trainer. Article needed before jobs. Both are correct. The gym - we all know which one. A gym - the first time it's been mentioned or one of many.

This exercise gives practice in emphasis. Having a wide vocabulary that is used appropriately will create a better

)t

Both are correct.You use an article:when you are reférr,ing to something in particula6 nó article if it is more general. With nationality words of this type you need an a rticle. Both could be correct. Cenerallyyou don't use an article with meals. The exception is for public events, e.g.therug'b1t'ilub d,inh,er:.','', I play violin is American us,age, Britis:h usage is an article,before an instrument:,, , , ,', ,' ;r No article with sports. Iwant a drink of water is moreru5,ua,l,l,wa,nt'ong drink of wáter:emphasises how many \bú can.sa14 I want one more drink oJ water. You,always use the with weather uo,less you afe q5ing an attributive adj,e-tive-, é:9.',tr11¿:y76¡:tf gs ,

impression in Paper z Writing.

harangued b resolved c swear d scrounge f was seething:' g yank h.únéarthed floutéd ! a

kii

e craved

Phrase spot

a lived it up b learn to live with c lived up,to our expectátions ' d live down e lived through f lived by his wits

14.2

i ,

article with prison/hospital/school if you are just referring to the building, but no article if you are referring to the building's purpose.

l

2

pages 12c,-121

Artíe§cs sess§ewr ' This exercise should throw up any problems

la

rification.

Read through the article quickly to find out what it is about. There may be more than one answer, depending on meaning.

The z the 3 thel- 4 ff¡s 5 the 5 the ,7 the,,, 8the/- 9- toa 1ta t2-,13- 14a lJailthe/-.' 16the q- rSthe rgthe zo*,zrthe,zzr

you have with

articles. Articles are a constant problem for students of English and you should regularly revise your knowledge of ihem. Refer to the Grammar folder on page r85 for greater c

Fishing boats don't go out in bad weather. We use the possessive rather than an' article for parts ofthe body unless they are referred to generally in a medical context. Bot,h are correct. No article if you are talking about the purpose for which the bed exists, i.e. tó sleep in; You use thp i.f you are talking about the piece of furniture. Similarly you use an

'

These idioms can be grouped together as nouns which don't take an article when they are part of an idiom. This

may help you to remember them. The meaning of the idioms is given in brackets.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Possible answers Who did he rely on? He relied on his parents' b What does she take pride in? She takes pride in her

Possible answers a All the orders were given by word of mouth to avoid leaving written evidence which might be later discovered. (by speaking onlY) b The chíld layface downwards in thq sand and

c

screamed. (on its stomach) Man first set foot on the island in the nineteenth

d

c

centu ry. (la nded)

a

ap

d 'My mothertook

e

e

f

f

me asíde and suggested we have a háart to heart about rny new boyfriend. (a good chat) They walked down the street hand in hand. (holding ha nds)

Phil and I strolled arm in arm along the beach. (with

arms linked)

g

h i k I

Trafñc is nose:to tail every morning on the road into the city centre. (bumper to bumPer) Liz came face to face with Roger at the party. (met unexpáctedly someone she didn't wantto meet) His family lived from hand to mouth while he was growing up because his father was unemployed. (they were very poor) The MP fought tooth and nail to get the bill through Parliament, (to fight,very hard)

§

m

rys Pre pes§&§*

ra

s

a!n bto cat dto/al eabout/of fat/near h of i onlagainst/for j on k on I for m on

gto

This exercise gives practice in using prepositions accurately. Some words in English - prepositions, pronouns,

conjunctions, articles and auxiliary verbs - have two pronunciations: one is used when they are stressed, and the other when they are not. Prepositions are stressed when they come at the end of a question. For

example:

What did he appiy for? strong for lt¡i

What did he interfere in? He interfered in my plans for the pa rty. What do you admire her for? I admire her for her strong

e

opinions. Who did she apologise tol She apologised to my brother. What did she apologise for? She apologised for being rude. What are they accused of? They are accused of arson. What do you believe in? I believe in truth and justice.

h

i j

Wwrd #srmm*§wn

5

This exercise links word formation with the sections A-D of the article in r4"r. You need to be able to say exactly what part of speech a word is. The main forms are listed. There

may be one or two which are not in this list.

l

agreeable {adjective) - dis¿greeable, agree, disagree, agreement, agreeably i m agina ry (adjective) - i magine, i ma gination,. unimaginable, unimaginably, image, imaginabie expectations iplural noun) - expect, unexpected, expected, u nexpectedly, expecta nt reality (noun) - reai, realisé, realism, unreality,'uni'eal, rea I istiE, rea

Also remember that, when using a verb with a dependent preposition, the preposition will go at the end when in a

listica I Iy,

u n rea

i

istica I ly, su rreal,

s'u

rrea

I

is

enthusiasm (noun) - enthusiastic, enthusiastically, unenthusiastic, unenthusiastically,enthuse',

m '

mmeasu ra ble, imeasu tlement;, measurable, measureless, measured dismissive (adjective) - dismlss, dismissal, dismissively clearly (adverb) - clear, clarity, clarify, unclear, unclearly tra n sform (ve rb) - tra n sformer, tra n ifo rm ation, measu re (verb)

-

i

transformed, untransformed i ntrod uctory (adjective) - i n trod uce, i ntrod uction excuses (noun) - excusable, inexcusable

He applied for a grant. weakfor lfe'l

qu

'

Suggested answers

Corpus spot

4

,

teachers and six students.

l'm finding it increasingly difficult to see eye to eye withrmy boss. (to agree with)

§dmea bax

pea ra nce.

What are they looking forward to? They a¡'e looking forward to their holiday. What are they prohibited from? They arq prohibited from smoking in the classroom. Who does the group consist of? lt consists of three

6

estio n.

a unexpected b dismissed c enthusiastic d imagination e inexcusable/disagreeable f clarity

7

Word formation is often tested in Paper t Part 4.

r is showing / shows signs of (some/an) improvement z am full of admiration for 3 has the reputation of inspiring / of being an inspiration tolhas a reputation for insPiring

4

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

for Professor McDougal's kind assistan ce / for the kind assistance of Professor McDougal

14.3

Robert If you were living two or three hundred

pages :e2-123

Listeming and §peakimg The photos are of: salt, tomatoes, meat/a chicken, eggs, a sausage, coffee, cheese, a burger, orange juice, a mobile phone, deodorant

1

A health scare is when the public is made aware of a possible health hazard. However, more often than not,

there is no good basis for the story.

2

the recording twice - once for general understanding and the second time to pick up on detail. Play

The underlined parts ofthe recording script confirm the answerS.

supplied with stories?

Robert Health is always in the Recording script *?iEE

Alice: Health

scares - dont they make you sickl Or do they challenge your complacency? Every few days a new story appears in the newspaper about, first of all, butter is bad for you, then butter is good for you. Salt is bad for us, salt is good for us. Youjust have to pick up a cup of coffee and you're engaged in a health debate. With me today to discuss this issue is Professor Robert Atkins. Robert, what do you think about all this? Robert: Personallv. Id rather have ten false health scares and one ofthem prove to be serious - then it leads to action. than the cvnical sense that somehow all this is iust a media confection. That's what I reall), §§§§§to. A-tice: Mm, but how often do health scares come true? ffi.obert: There are random events in which microbes do emerge. They can be extraordinarily lethal and these account for massive epidemics that have occurred in the past in human history and I think we would be arrogant in the extreme to think that such things may not occur again in the future. A"lice You're thinking of bubonic plague, of course. But nowadays it seems is the best of times and the worst oitimes if you want to be healthy. This is a paradox, 5ecause, on the one hand, we live in a relatively healthy :ociety. Our longevity is unprecedented. By historical standards communicable lethal disease is exceptionall), :ontrolled. Yet we seem to be getting better, but

worse. :.¡ooked?

--eel-ing

years ago,

you were in the hands of God or Fate and if you were struck down by a mortal disease you thought youd been sinful, but you also had your beliefs to console you you'd go to paradise or heaven or whatever. Nowadays, we have tremendously high expectations about long healthy life continuing and some of us no longer have an exDectation of an afterlife. lt's partlv a matter of a crisis of risins exDectat ions. Alice: Um, so our health anxiety is like a big eaterb gluttony or a rich man's miserliness. Health excites exoectations of perfection. lt's also an anxietv spread bv commercial concerns, isnt it? Robert: Indeed. The margarine industry. for example, is actually now a very powerful instrument in pushing the line that butter is bad for you and actually there's a strong industrial lobby that has a stake in making sure that we are all anxious and worried about our health. Alice: And thevie not the onlv plavers. If health scares sell pills they also sell papers. And what about the research community which keeps the health scare industry

l\rh¡ if we're so healthy,

news. Sometimes it's the

doctors themselves who are maybe responsible. In every branch of life there are people who like a touch of publicity and enjoy the turbulence. Others are often so convinced by their findings that they ignore the critical views of other doctors and have this urge to promulgate their ideas when it may not be appropriate to do so. If I wanted to avoid heart disease, I'd be taking aspirins, reducing my weight, I would probably §§(@§ my local g1,rn a bit more. I would eat this, that and the other and so on. Then there might be another disease I might get. What do I do then? Alice: Mm, how much difference would it make to you if you made all those changes? Should you just §§§§@i what you read and hear? Robert: Who knows? Some health scares can acfaalTy seriously damage your health - they lead to stress, deprive us of the comfort of eating chocolate and clog up doctors'waiting rooms. There is clearly an information overload and unfortunatel¡ when the real thing comes along. people might have difficulty distinsuishins it from all the backsround noise. Alice: And of course it's difficult to disprove something once a claim has been made, however fallacious that risk is. Thankyou, Professor Robert Atkins.

are we so easily

ANSWERS AN

D

RECORDING SCRIPTS

á

fl

fl

6

§reaxexrNe §m&§*rx

3

The general rule is that when the word is used as a verb the stress is on the last part of theword;when it is used as

l".

poss¡bie.ais*",' :póster

a noun then the stress is on the first part of the word.

campai§n woufd have the §reatest Poisibly a impact. l,always remember the campaignrfor teenage pregnán.y*iih a man losking pregnaint-That had a great im pa ct. The, posters co u d be d istrib uted á:rou ¡ d sc h -áof 5¡ youth clubs and even in'bu,s ¡helte¡s-anlrwhgre whele .', yo'uág peoplé congregate. I thinlk,cigarette gntoking,land:' dr,inking alcohol should be highli§htéd,becaurleof the, " r ' r¡sing number of teenage girls who sm,oke,and'also:the 'probiem úith undei-age drinking in this,country.

Alice and Robert

say: obiect frequent discount This is because these three words are being used as verbs in

lt might be useful to go through the unit underlining vocabulary connected with health and fitness, and then try to incorporate it into Your talk. :

I

the iistening extract.

4

l

Possibleanswers ,,, '

,,

:, ',

l

Not all the word: here follow:the general rule given in 3, égalte,rnaté.The st¡essed s¡4llable]is shown in capital't,,', ' :: i:freQU:ENtéd,lhe same places as Hemingway did in

the 5os. l llsle ¿,tRtqucnt visitór tothetlub, , The ENtiance to the hall is via the side door. She was enTRANcing in the part of Ophelia. vandalised. iwas inCE:Nsed'to'find my car had,been . :r l I canlt,stand the sméll ofrlNcense.

:

Writing folder 2

'

lmproved answer , :: : ' ,, Dear Sir or Madam college's on,th!¡ Following the rathér negative árticle c u rre nt, spo rts p rovi's i on, we would l'ike,you to, re!ónsider your viewi and print an apótrogy - the lionls sháre of ' -your article is inaccurate.We would akó'like to seek your iuppo¡t regardingafunding application - please see

,

ls everyone PREsent?

'

PREsentfor.my:father:

1,Ca,ñ l,lpre5ENT.

Mr Delgado to

you? ,

I

'

,

,

Stutd,e,ntsrfeceive a DIScountion entry ipfices.r, Don'ItdisCOUNT everything she says just because

shel

a

ild. The starlll wa§,iovered in local PROduce: Th.e fáqto¡y. pl'oDUCes 5;ooo components every year' ch

l

I can,see you'on aITERñate rnoinings only ' Youlwl ll h aúe to ÁLtef n ate *11¡ ,,Fre'd over, whst uses' the ,

room. ,,:

5

:,,...., ,.

pages124-t2s

Fart a Le*ter

Your visa'is, inVALid, f m afraid. Her aunt has been an lNvalid for over ten years'

Ilboughtar

I

,,:

This section gives more practice in Paper 4 Part z.You should remember not just to describe the photos but to talk about the lifestyles of the people and make comments or give opinions on them. Make sure you time this activity so you get used to being concise and not spending too much time thinking. The photos are of a group ofteenagers slouched on a sofa eatingpizza and watching TV and a teenage girl, running

outside.

below. Your article claims that a laik of adeqruáte fa(ilities ís affecting the párformance,of oÚ'r baiketba,fl ánd 5r¡¡i¡¡min§ teams, ye! both have ¡epÍésénted'th.e aollege,át the highest levels of competition and excelledl,themselves over the years. lnde-ed, youi newspapér featured the retent successof the'basketbal'l téám:in an article pubtished in Máy. This wéuld appea¡ to contradict,your ctaim' Atlthe sarne time, there is somé truth,in, your ¡uggestion

that the main sports hall réqui¡es so'me''Úork,especíally' the substandard flooring and inadequate ljghting, which occasionally márkés it hard to pláy at oné'§ best. In connection with this, it,has corne 1o óÚl notiie'thatr funding is availlable nationally, which our cóllege wouldr,, be in a good posit'io'n to apply:fe¡..:yye e§timáte,that this, grant would enable u5 to undertakerthe iepairs, a'lluded ' t-ó above, and also allow,foián, éxtensión of th-e present changing facil,ities, whereby separate lwetl and 'dry' areas could be introduced, to servicethe p-ool and hall :

.

Possible answer The young people in the photo are obviously very happy to just sit ándrÚatch TV.They probablywatch far too many DVDs and get very littlerrexercise. lithink that the fityoung womán probably gets up fálrly early in the morning, doesnlt drink, eats rnoderately healthily, b,ut probá1b11¿ does éat junkfood, and takes her training verry ser,iously. 5h:e probably doesn't socialise as much is she would like and goes to bed early on nights, before an athletics meeting. lt'i not a lifestyle I wo,uld consider personallY.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

respectively.

,

'i

,

What would be your opinion on thk? Would you'be w[lling

to run an article in support of our grant applicatlÓn? lt ' would be in the public interest, given thát member,s of the publie havq daily access to our sports'f;cilities:, We,look forward to hearing frorn youi'in due coulset Yours faithfully, (273

words)

a,A,r,,

Unit r5

bA, C.B dA eC ,f B. gA, ,h,C ri A' jC

15.1

4

I

The pictures show a blacksmith working in his forge and office workers in a call centre - the office workers, jobs will have changed more due to modern technology. ln contrast,

Sample answer To

the editor,

wiiting in ¡'elponse to the inv¡tation to readers that featured in the last Issue óf your magazine. What I a m gu¡r'é nt i¡1 m'óst'cónce rned a bo ut ú¡itr iesa r:d to the l e nviro n ment is th e shippi n g o{h azár dous, wa ste a rou n d the wolld,,which is sometimes referred to asltoxic r ' ', colonialisrnl. :, ' This praclicérieérns,to' have¡g¡own alarmingly in r:ecéni . years.The,,apparent reason for this is that enviro,nmental laws on waste dispogal have been tlghtened up in the more deVeloped countries; whereas the goverflrrnents of many poo,rer developing countlies aie willing to accept hazardous nlaterial,a,s a sourcé of ievenü,e. ln réality, these'host'count¡ies may not be able to process or store toxic waste,safely and there have been several cases of contaminátion on farms a,nd other aieas óf Iand'in Africa, I

a blacksmith crafts metal artefacts by hand and the skills needed will not have changed much in hundreds of years.

am

forexample,

,''t '

pages'126-127

Possible answers

It depends

-l'd

to have to

n.¡ove abroad

like,to stay in thé sáme fieid,'but t'm likely to gai¡ rnore responsibility. Probably because the job market ís so competitive - it's safer to stick with what you know. Itls crucial, as expeiienced people knoW.só, much more about how things work in an organisation. I don't expect to stay with the same company, though I believe there will always be opportunities in my fielá. Perhaps the workplace will become even more automated a¡d computerised, with more mundane jobs being done by robots.

'

Not only does this state of affairs threaten thé health of ordinaryrpeople in the developing world butit also poses a serious.threat to marinelife while a,ny toxic cargo is in transit. f a shipliár.r¡rlng qadiOaitive wi
§-§s*em§m6

2

f

l

ld givé¡ priorit)¿' tó th is envi ro,n,mentá liss ue. Co u nt ries :elonging tothe C,2o,g¡sup of nations coüid baCk the : sia b is h m_e nt of, a globá l investi gatiónr i,n,to the a ct ua I

Before you listen to the recording, read through the questions and check anything you are unsure of. you will have one minute in Part 3 of the exam to look through the multiple-choice questions. play the recording twice, as in the exam. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm the answers.

;r ou

I

;=ally sanctio,n maior:lnvestmeni ¡n sáfá,methéds : sposal in,the,cou¡ltties of oiigin,, ,1 1, ' ',

of

'

,

táke thé,,in itiátive' nbw,to' prroteit ou r, pia n et. -.ge your reade,Ís to joriñ me in seekins án immCdiate end :- :oxic colonialism. : - rs fa ithfu lly, , :8 words) ,','e m ust

I

Recording script,',2trE Interviewer: Diane Webber, you've switched

careers more

than once during your own working life, and you now run a highly regarded employment agency for media high-fliers, where, above all, you advise your clients, both companies and applicants, to be fully flexible. you seem to see this as a fundamental principle, if your agency siogan - 'Keeping your options open - is anlthing to go by. Is that a fair assessment of how you operate? Diane Webber: Absolutely. I know that not so very long ago we used to see jobs for life as the norm, with unquestioning company loyalt¡ and a golden handshake at the end of it all - which, nine times out often, probably wasnt in actual fact deserved - but things are very different now. And yes, there does seem to be something positive in all this, despite the obvious question mark over security. Successful players in the current job market cut their teeth in one firm, and are rvilling to step sideways more than once to gain fresh experience. Unlike their predecessors, they may only

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

progress up the rungs when they land their third or fourth job, or even later in their career. This increased movement brings benefits, not just for them, but for the companies they work for, too. Interviewer: In spite of the instability? Surely it's important to have some continuity? Diane Webber: Well actually, itt a mixed blessing. Individuals can get terribly stale if they stick in one place for too long, especially if they report to managers who fail to challenge them. That implies a hierarchy riddled with complacency and under-achievement, which can no longer be tolerated in today's fast-moving, dog-eatdog world. Also, much of today's work consists of fixedterm proiects, done in teams, and if one or two members drop out along the way. it really doesn't matter. provided that the team remains an entit)¡. The one exception to this is the team leaders themselves, who are not only the driving force, but the guardians of the project, who

hold important historical detail in their heads, so yes, continuity is important there. But even then it's a clearly defined cycle. We're frequently approached by highlyexperienced team leaders who, having completed one project, decide they cant face even the slightest whiffof repetition and so come to us seeking fresh challenges. Interviewer: And they manage to find work? Diane Webber: Oh, they're snapped up! Because generally speaking, a project-based job can easily demonstrate a track record, it's there in the successful completion of the project. Interviewer: And these people would have no problem getting references from the employers they're essentially walking out on? I would have thought that that could be an issue ... Diane Webber: Employers dont view it like that at all. Their mindset is different now as I said earlier, and companies actually take steps to foster a more dynamic environment, as they feel this yields better productivity, though the jury's still out on this, in my view. Nevertheless, with a flow of people. there's a quantum leap in terms of the ideas generated, not to mention the chance of new ways of problem-solving imported from elsewhere. These eflects are tangible and they're often very attractive because they're perceived as lean and efficient, instant solutions, even if they generally turn out to be only quick fixes which later have to be reversed. Interviewer: Ah, but isnt that the nub of it all, that this shifting and fragmented approach leads to poor decisions? Ofcourse, the perpetrators are never taken to task, as they've already made a quick exit and are knocking on your door for another job!

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI PT5

Diane Webber: Thatt

a

bit unfairl For one thing, thereve

always been bad decisions. No company can rely on its

personnel to make the right choices one hundred per cent of the time - even with the help of highly-paid outside consultants, staffwill continue to get it wrong from time to time. However, Id argue that it's the mediocre emplo)¡ees. who just want to keep their heads down. who are far more likel)¡ to cause problems than the risk-takers, who, dont forget, are only as employable as their last success. Interviewer: Ruthless ... Diane Webber: Pragmatic! Interviewer: Which brings us neatly back to your slogan, doesnt it? Keeping your options open. How far do you encourage people to go in this? Diane Webber: With new opportunities opening up all the time, the sky's the limit really. It's certainly never too late to contemplate a move, and so the maxim has to be, dont rule anythingin or out. Interviewer: We'll end on that positive note. Diane Webber, thank you. Diane Webber: It's been a pleasure. 3

i:a]:iifi§]á§ejáliiÉ¡!iá:.i{i$sil§nrf«rjtql¡,1¡,11111,::i:i

get expeflence b geI D experience

'tfi:li:tii:

]i::r§r:'§1if§u$i:elcá¡eéi:lrd$é¡iii:r.i:.i:ii.i:.iii,i:iiiii

d

i::i:'iiii:iiaili:l:il:i::tl

good and bad :lill!.,i:iill5¡i!{!i!1i9,!l!!al:!ilg!¡:lla:llll:1ll::::lllll

e

f

fiercely competitive a

finv bit hif of tiny

l:§ti§sigi! iñry§diateltlr:t:t:l::u:i:;i;ltti:llll h evidence of previous success

l

liii:t:wátiof§iirñrltiá];llllrrir:lllilillli:::iliiilli:i::iiiiiii:iii::ili:::li'::li,:]"..:::::l

liill§§áÉi§t!á*ñ§A§iiaea.::r.ii.....ii.ili.i.'i.:.::iri:it.i::,i:.i:.ii..iiii:iir liiet:iih§s§.:iiÍlpróüém§§q.l:iutirrt:ti::i::i:iiii.ii:iiiliiiiii:l:iri:'alliiitiitiiiitiiii

].:.Iiii:i..áp§áreñflv]§ii,ri*§§sd:riñ§§!i.i:§0liútt§rr§{&hieti.d§iffi:..:.l':i: i:rl:il}iüqqe§dli:la::i: :uim:'?§§i4.:ri§11§l§i.

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g{ii§ejt¡yi!

gi¡.i¡íaa¡i§¡ii§§i,ñ"i::::ii:ril

ry! Col locations

4

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.,,,,d],...

li§§lli§§li§l§§arr¡rpq§i§he§kii¡rii]iittiiii.u::t:iiii:t:t:rt:1liitri:ti:irtrr,rr:

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G;.. 5

a

that b so,as nst to /'in order r\ot to , to d in case e so that f so as not to / in order not to g in case h lest/ for fear that

growth b pace, c'signs d process e decline f lane

a lest I fo¡''fear c in order

ldiom spot Many new expressions are entering the language, particularly in the areas of business and journalism. r

the j,üryls still out

whiff b

z,a q,uantum

4 quick,f,xes

5

leap

a

the slightest

track récord 6 a mixed

i

b

in,k b g¡een shoots c blue chip hello f white knight

c

d white goods

golden

d e

15.2 pages :':8-129 1

i

so as

6 Posiible

3

lessing

,a red e

of

'

to /

I

answers

,

would like to work abroad at some point, in order to

broaden my experience. When l'm older, I won't stay in the same job for more than two years, so as not to get stale. I want to continue my English studies, in order to get a better job. lt would be useful for me to have my own website, so that I could promote my products. I want to find work that I can do from home, in order to be able to spend more time with the children.

Corpus spot An intern is a student or other young person who works in a company for a short period in order to gain experience,

generally earning little or no money. The picture is of Keri

a in

case

b even

full stop) such

as

if

c in the same way as d (comma not e so as not to f ln ionclusion

Hudson.

Style extra Possible ansurer

A good dictionary

judge's ruling makes sense in this case. lf an intern is working long hours and genuinely contributing to the company, a fair wage should be paid. On the other hand, if an intern has no experience whatsoever and is merely there to learn from the company, then I don't believe they necessarily need to be paid ior ttre work they do. The

2

Nouns used of men

Suggested answers in order to - so as to for fear that - lest Both phrases introduce a purpose clause,

bou nder (old -fas h io ned), cha rme r (s i ghtly derogatory), geek (informal), lout, Neanderthal (informal and der,ogatory ), nerd, patriarch (formal),thu§ used of women bag (informal and offensive), bimbo (informál and offensive), d uchess (old-fa s h ioned), va m p (old-fa s h ioned) I

Note that according to the Cambridge English Corpus,lest appears to be more commonly used than the phrase for

fear that. Both are fairly formal in use and less frequent than the phrase in case.

will give you information on usage

restrictions.

used of both actor, chairman (many people prefer to say chair or chairperson as a gender-neutral choice), chav (informal and offensive), freshman (US - the British equivalent is fresher), mate (informal), partner, sibling, spouse (formal),

whizzkid Adjectives used of men

3

ch iva lrous,

effeminate

used of both

Although there are both male and female secretar,ie5,in an office environment, the men see themselves as more important, often spending time on the phone networking. 4

rso zw,hat 3no 4order, 5on, 6whilelwhilst/ though/although/if Ttheir Srather

bullish, doting (but see Possible answers below), laddish, lanky (but usually of men and boys), prickly (but see Possible answers below), wimpy. '' ,,

ln the Possible answers in the next column, the examples containing the eight adjectives are taken from the Cambridge English Corpus - the type of source is given in brackets. Additional usage notes reflect the co¡püs ,

evidence.

ANSWE R5 AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

3

Possible answers I think you'¡e the most chivakous man l've ever met' (populár novel) ü.ct
chores). The lanky centre forward found himself rushing towards a head-onicollision with the goalkeeper. (sports report) Nofe; there are many similar examples in the corpus relating to

sports players. ile has'a Áputation as an efficient and decisive if somewhat prickly ma na ger. (broadsheet newspa pe r) /Vofe: tlre Cambrldge Engtísh Corpus indicates that the adjective is more often used of m1n than.women' The adjective is also used to describe things that cause anger o, ánnoyrn.u ,e.g. a prickly issue/matter/subiect' a bit vain and wimpy. (tabloid Beautifúl *.n

ead

§

xx

g n** §

&1§r§t§ rx

g;

€*xx&ve st§

§t

§

porate - fade dwindles - diminishes. eva

irr"'""t"íilr., ¿.tltinut an upward tre nd is rises' Possible verbs to replace il are soarslblossams5

Be

ln

z said (contrastive) 3 being 4 the same / Having said (contrastive) Notwithstanding 5

1

§dea s

Other characteristics: ambition, ability to articulate ideas; being a good public speake¡ char¡ema 2

5uggested answer

For-ñre, the Affiliative Style described in Text r is likely to be the more effectivsas it values staff, consequently :promoting harmony and company loyalty- Conver:sely,

to lose employees

through its de,motivating approach.

D

more

7

a b c

ANSWERS AN

that as it may Conversely Despite this Even so contrast Nonetheless On the other hand Whereas

6

Suggested answers . . decisiveness, intuition, vision assertiveness, determination, fairness decisiveness, specialist knowledge, stamina

in Text 2 is bound

the big picture

bonds c reaping the benefits of

The three verbs for downward movement or decline are drop, evaporate and dwindle. Other possible verbs are: drops - plummets

1

if'e t.aa.Áf,ip stylá

h

b

4

15.3 pages 130-131 ffi

proponents

d'quanóary e rlse to the occasion f morale g initiative

"i"

new§paper)

a

RECORDI NG SCRI PTS

Possible answers

(Yellow h ighlighti ng) The Affl | iative Style' of leadersh i p treats emfiloyées as individuals and they therefore become very-committed to the company, whereas the 'Pacesetting Style'doesn't engender any such allegiance and emplofeei ¿on't recognise their role within the organisation at large.

i;il

;i;; i;;ti l

n

giu na.,

t

h

e'

Pa

cesetti n g stvl e',

employáes ian easily become demotivated a.s their targets a re u niea listic. Conversely, the Affi I iative Style' ensures that morale is kept high ánd the company is likely to get more out of its employees because of this' (Pi n k h i gh I ighting)'Affi liative leaders allow em ployees fa r greaterindépendence and have faith that they will get. Ih" 1oU done in the best way possible. Pacesetters, on the othér hand, are reluctant to delegate responsibility and discourage individual creativity' (Green highlighting) lt seems to be the case that

*-ho, nd"tp. rfo rm with i n the'Pacesetter Style are rapidly detected and measures are taken leadership of to either inirease tÁeir productivity or to get rid of them' ln contrast, underachievement may not be addressed within the Affiliative StYle'. ind ivid ual-s

8

Draw a grid with two columns for the two styles of leadership.Think about your own views on each idea anc record these in the two columns.

9

2

'

5ample answer

:...

,r"rpé.itot'

Leadership styles wíthin companies often vary enormously. The te¡ts p,rovide two contJasling,exarnples,- t:he Affi l i ativ'e Sty-lel a n d,the l Pa ce sett i n,g Stylef ,,Th e fo rrn é r. ris, r

probablythe more appropfiate; thorugh 1t is,not without its flaws. Let us consider both approaches here.

Íhe Affiliatiüe Stylé of léadér'ihip tieats emp!,oyees as individuals, ánd they theréfo1e becom,e vsry comm itted to.the,'company, whereas the Pacesetting Style does¡'t engender any such alle§íance and émployees donl recognise their role within the organisation. This could be Under the Pacesetting Style, employees can easily become demótiváted ás their targets are unrea,listic. Cónversely, the,Affiliátive Stlrle ens,ures that morale is kept high and th,e company should gét mo¡.é out of its émptoyees beca use

of th

is.

Affiliative leaders allow employees far greater independence and have faith that thelr will get'!he job done in the best úay pos'sible. Pacé,5ette,r:s, on the other hand, are reluctant to delegate responsibiiity and discourage individual creativity. Personally, I would find it impossibfq to work undér 5uch a'repressive'regime. It seems tó,be the case that individu,al's who'undérperrform within the Pacesetter Style of leadership are rapidly detected and rneasures are taken to either increase their pr:oductivity or to get rid of them,,ln cont¡ast, underachievement may not be addressed within the Affiliative Style. Even so, this might not adversely affect the company perfo¡mance at large, since the'majority of

,r

',

Recording script "'2trE You will hear a man called John Farrant talking about his job, working for a car hire company. For question 1, listen to the first part of the recording as far as '. .. a plastic walletl Then, with a partner, decide which is the word you heard which fits in the space. |ohn Farrant: Good morning. My name is |ohn Farrant and I have the job of reservations manager at a large international car hire company based in London. Dealing with the public can be a tricky business. You get to meet all types from the arrogant and rude to the downright abusive. We arent expected to reply in kind, of course, or come over all ingratiating and deferential either. Itt down to us to be respectful and remember the customer is always right. Sometimes it can be dificult, especially with a real joker. For example, when taking a booking, we have to ask certain questions, one of which is: 'Do you possess a clean driving licence?' To which one man snapped at me, 'Of course I do. I keep it in a plastic

You wil I hea r'rude' a nd'deferential', but on ly'respectfu l' is correct. The words'arrogant'and 'ingratiating'do not fit

grammatically.

,

4

course 3 roundabouts ,4'long.term rental(s) mud, 6 test d¡ive 7 handbra,ke 8 (best) interest(s) 9 hand controls

Recording script ,"2trE listen to the rest of the recording and, for Questions 2 to 9, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. |ohn Farrant: Sometimes we can hardly believe some of the customers arent puliing our legs. We once had an elderly gentleman ring up about a car to go to Paris the following morning. We went through the questions and he said he u'as 69, and it turned out that, although hed passed his driving test, he hadnt driven for years. He said, 'Is there any way you could give me a refresher course over the phone?' We suggested he let his friend Nor,t,

pases .1..2-133

Paper g Far& x §emtemse {e§?'§p§e*§erx iead through the advice carefully, then look at the questions : rd try to predict what the answer will be. Time spent looking ::refully at the question paper is never wasted, and you have r¡ seconds to do this. lt is important to read ahead when ;:ening so that, if something is missed, there is no sense of : sorientation.There is no need to panic, as the piece will be : :yed again.

underlined parts ofthe recording script confirm the key.

the rest ofthe recording.

z refresher

circum5tarnces,pr.évent,this:(jr4words)r', ",

:v the recording twice to simulate exam conditions.

Play

5 (thick)

undoubtedly qontr,ibutesito the §reatér good ánd should

--:

,'

3

ensure that the company prospers, unless outside

:

'

wallet!'

'' employees wou'ld bela,chieVe|s'. ,,"',,11 ln rea,litv,trhe optimum léadership style,may wef l be a blend of these, approaches, since it cannot,be dénied that obiqctiveq hávé,to b.e set by the,leáder,ánd met by the workforce. However, if a company is to succeed in the longer term, it ha!,to rely,on i§,ámployees.rfre :léáde r i nvestment.,!n peéple shown by thé aflitiative

Exam folder 8

i

drive. Travel doesnt always bring out the adventurer in people, though. We had an American tourist ask for a car to drive to Scotland, and who said: 'How many circles are there between London and Scotland?' After some questioning, I realised he meant roundabouts. There are hardly any in the USA - they prefer trafic lights and hed only ever driven on motorways here before. He only r,r,anted me to work out a route for himl

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

assume that car hire companies make their money from renting out posh, expensive cars like Mercedes and BMWs. This isnt the case - it's the longterm rentals which bring in the money. But of course, it does depend where you go with the car and if you make

Now most people

your intentions clear at the time. We had one English client book a car for a month. So far, so good. Four weeks later I received a call from him in Spain, saying he was just about to drop offthe car. I said, 'Sorr¡ sir, where are you?' He said, 'Barcelonal I asked if hed told the reservations clerk he intended to go abroad with the car, and he said no, really unconcerned. Presumably he didnt realise, or maybe even care, that he hadnt been covered by insurance. I spoke to the supplier afterwards. He said when they got the car back it didnt have any dents or scratches on it but it was so thick with Eud it took two days for them to valet it. Then, we had one gentleman who had a medical condition that meant that he was on drugs that made him semi-drowsy, but he had a certificate from his doctor saying that he could drive. I got a call from the depot manager sayrng, 'I'm not giving him a car. He can hardly stand upi We decided he should give the customer a test drive round the block. This guy pulled out ofthe depot and there was a car coming towards them. He didn't even see it. The depot manager didnt even have time to sound the horn, he had to pull on the handbrake. He said hed never been so scared in his life. Other people refuse to believe you're genuinely concerned about safesuardins their best interests. I remember it once took me 15 minutes to persuade a customer that it really wasnt worth hiring a small car, rvith low power, to go over the Alps. Hed just get stuck and it would ruin his holiday. He simply refused to accept that this §pe of car wouldnt be up to the job. \{hat d'you do?

We can solve most problems though. \\'e had one gentleman who wanted to go to Oxford. Everlthing was fine until he suddenly said, 'By the way, I ve only got one Iegi I had to call in a few favours, but one of my suppliers manased to set me a car with hand controls. So, although it may not be straightforward, I enjoy my job on the whole - I guess it's the challenge - every day is different after all!

Unit t6 t6.1

pages 84-135

Kead§mg

1

This unit is all about literature and the printed word. As is often the case in the exam, this Paper t Part 5 task is taken

from a short story. Possible ansr rers

A short itory,has few,pa§esi,and,so there is little space to ,' drevelop char,ácters o¡ pllot,The writing mustrbe,,suc;cioct:: ,: ...,, .. . .,' .'an,d.'iejn'..'..,r ' .,, r' , ln á notel,it iileásier to use flashbac,k and otherilmÁ ,' .. reference devices.There is much more scope to include , Ión§ descr.iptións and/orsub-pl'ot¡. ,¡ ¡; :I

:,

'

I

2

The significance of the title is that Elizabeth's behaviour and that of her parents shows nothing new or different

from previous generations. lt is predictable.

Background information Laurie Colwin wrote five novels and three collections of short stories before she died in r99z.This story appears in her second collection, The Lone Pilgrim, a book that includes many stories

to do with early experiences of adult life. 3

7C"2:8.3i

' .." 1,'

B 4A 5D 6c

,,,

Detailed explanation:

r

,

r

tfre á¡Sws¡rr((),i5r in th§'*o,r:ds'lwai

ólde:r, Neison Rodker: B is not süggested:,théiuse of ,.r ,'oi¡ginátr,does not imply gr,eat:intellieencér,o is ruled

'

,

,oút

'

'

a§

,,,,

'

there is no,,evidénqé,of rpainlstaiking,:prépá¡át!é¡f

and onlyóne relatiónship is:refer:red to (hei,,parents I hoped Nelson and'L)izabélh might m,a,rry). z iThe,answer {B) lies in the''finql se¡lerncé óf the second

,

I

'

extl,áOrain,á'Í1¡y' 1:

rpretty, arnd ,such,crh,ild fe,n a,ae inever,,catled d ifñCult:¡ ni, ,,, r,' ,, ' r is w¡ong; as the téxt only referrs,to,grnre, ehild who was

,p?ragiaph. There is no eviden:ce thát ,she hadr a !sen5e.. ,of duty' (A); in fact thé teVerse C is'rrulgd oq! 4s

. , .'

is u

I

it was Eliiabeth üho hatedltfré tárdrkers; not the other way round. Although it is true that Elizabeth did hide '

''

her true feelings ('she learned to turn a cheerful face'), there' is iro ev¡dence to, suggest she d.isf iked {oing this (D)

3

,

The answer (B) is rooted in'none of her friends wanted to entertain at home'. A is ruled out because the I ca:Íeers weren't always sra.nttlul ("black,listed movie '' producers). There is,no evidence to suppo¡t C¡ H9lty ,,,

wástheonlyfriqnd whocamerhomeand.Elizabéth'§ :

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

mother approved of her, lo sheiúou11d ,háve been unl!kely to feel uncomfortable,'D'is not'luggested, b¡t the text.

.

¡,

r

l

i4r Ihe a'nsúel (A)llies ¡.n the I

:

wo:rds lmanure was not

án hér,'mother's rnind',and'sh,e.úas much ielieved' piesqmabty heirmother had ,been rimagÍning an illicit

i

r

Suggested answers Nel,son, is, co,nvention,al; lpineless á:nd'ap¡thetic. ,', ', ,' ' Opposltés,'forr th:e other'wóidi:

,

relatiéns,hip,with a m,an at'the,sta,bles;There is no evidence that Elizabeth's mother begrudged spending t h,e monery,on th,e jodh¡pu r¡,{B). C, thóugh pla u s i b le, s ,'' no.t.t¡ue¡,her pa¡ents jwho feltlldlng,once,a week was , i,i gu¡te, enoughl,were mil,dfy interested a,nd the mother did ar¡an§e,the pur:ehase qf the jodhpú¡1,, D is likely- but

,

,'

il br:azln

:,,,, p,a

i:áEi ap;h, A !¡, jn s u,fñcierntly,,,¡uuré,,, n,the text : a,!th:ough,,it im,pf iés,,her pa,r:énts,rbélieved, i,nr,r,noderation

,,,,, r,.

unflappable

in, reád'--',,rwe do,not kñéW how' sh,e wa§ brought u p. B is wión§;,a:l,EliÍabethrs appeáiancé,didnl .changé,.(only

.:.hé,rbeháúió,u r'ái,¿olrlég€,,did); C,is,,wrong.a.s

,,',,stúdents.'úho,lwént.wiltd'; whiile alone in her room. 6t,,,Th,é .ahjwe.r.i{c),, l.ies

EJ,i,za

it wa s other beth,,sp.ent ti me

'

t:h

e.úoids lwa ntéd to

e nj

éúe n if ,im plie.d,by .thq fa ct,,that t h,e d,aug hte ¡s of h e r pa(eñtsf ,f r-.i§ nd s.wer:e lgetting e n ga ged :, D 'i s w ro n g a s

r ,E,!i¡zábethihád

..,,...,,r'

16.2

/

'..,,

,,

'::':'ii-

panicky

., ,,,,

,

. . ,,,

,,,,..1

,"r.,r

,",

,,...

:':' ..., ,..,

..::. .:..

pages .¡..G-.¡.¡7

4

rhe,¿niúeilir o,'R,an¿,c a¡e not suppo¡ted

1

Do you see anything odd about

the poem by Bud Weiser? the poet's name, if put together as one word, is the name of a make of beer, which echoes the content of the final line. The poem is a joke! Look carefully:

Backgrou nd information

rálrwáyi. lova6l,rr§g1¡¡ v¿¡[:II1r' ''r,1 ',

by thá,áall¡tr,:',,'l

¡n the'téXti:lB is,,w¡o,ng,,a1s bothirNelsón áld Elizábeth had a good, édurcation e¡d'i.r,i.,h,é:¡,,tasé;'the text shbws q5 it led to

other things. Relevá ntir§éntéiices,iii, the teÍt.thát,§üppo¡.1 'D:,, At, iatt egg ¡,:Eliza beth ; h a d her fi ryt ta ste' oJ re ed ém

f

Spike Milligan (r9r8-zooz) is perhaps best known for his collaboration with Harry Secombe and Peter Sellers in the BBC radio comedy seriesThe 6oons,which has influenced many other comedians'work. Gary Snyder (born r93o) is an American poet who was part of the 'Beat Ceneration' and a friend of the writer Jack Kerouac. Snyder has won the Pulitzer Prizefor Poetry and has also translated literature from ancient Chinese and modern japanese.

2

o:wn wh'a,i so rt, of ,ailn ¡r,, rr,rrobeth'h ad be co m e, ,, greqt Wauld:'hqvé,,b:qeñ,théi1distnay.; , , ,,, E I i iab eth u lt h é r,,p,u z le d t h e m, by, r ef u i i n g, ¡ s' t a k e a c e n t -z of t h e ir.m on éy, a l,t h o u g' h' he r :m ath e r kne w th e' t r,u t h : w h a t H a d,,,lhey kn

lf you are interested in poetry, it is worth buying a bilingual edition of a poet you enjoy and comparing the original

,:, ,

f

'...

e§auNses a

oy it ¡,,:fi.na,l,!V,:ont,heir own télmil la,nd:'lrefuqin§rtó rtáke a ce nt o{,!hé!r' monetl. A i¡,lwrong¡ ai ihel used the,,biaiele't 1as, 1., ,,,', aól1atera llto',borlóú mOñei -,thát 1!§ i h e didn 1 r.,,,, .b,ut..nramed ¡t,,ás, áñ'asset that coú1d, be s-et á§ainst the ,toan if shed,ef-áulted,ón hárr pa¡¡rnénii.iB is not stated, i,n,

rr

flawedrl im,pgcaá:ble'r r.,,..,,. ...,. ,. garrulous/ taciturn t,rustwo,r:thyltt'eachérous ,, ,,,

,

..r¡§f¡gf¿fs(r,iri ther.text:,., . :.:rr .,:.r ,.,..,., ... 5 The answer (D) lies in the final sentence of the fifth

r, ,i

móclrést.'r

fiCkl!,/steadfáSt,irl

.

,:,¡

/

" '

version with its translation.

;,

El i2q

beth,,ow¡ :ng"nothi

iig wat

dis¿a,n certinig,

to,'iay th e l ea st.

¡

Suggested answer Poétrv can, be t¡anslatéd,,bqtidemánds adrd¡ti0nál skills"',

on,thé part of thé tra

nsl ato r.,'lt,is

té preserve,thé oliglnal

5

iometimei

r,h¡¡rrre,é¡.,ihythm,, Fói

.a tra:nslator-s'hó,uld',bé,á'b,lé.toitáke

a b

c d e

E

I i

iátbethl§ m*,h

e

i toi¿ed, herie lf lor

so ü

Elirrbetli pretead,ed,torbe halppy whén

i

b

le

this reason,

libertie¡l,th.át.the'r,

,,

,

,

ñslatói of á novell,wouldinl!,contemplate,. f he ñrst, :, rpóem co.ñt¡irns some'iiliomi¡t¡llanáüá,áei{Ewikh off your fáce,,rput ¡ro.urri love into,,n,e,ütiáJ)rithátrrrrrtli§ht betdiffifu:[ tó ,,r t rá nslatéi úit h,i n,the sámé r,hyt,h m¡ f hé..fi rit. t¡rrrp p oe m s

ñd ipos it ive.

trá

rréá:lly she

loaihéd thre,,Rodkéis anrd ,heilpá,¡ents. rr '' Béa,ütlfu! dá,!r ghtá(S liké, Elizábeth are,oVer:protected. lt m,ight hávé,ádvqiiely affected E:lizabethts:iocial life. Etizábeth'i pálrents r:egárded ladúlt béhaviói'ras '...i,,'. im porta nt.

im poss

'

,

ft

¿ye {ig§{l}a defilned ihyt

pér:ha ps the,,f¡ée,

to,,lr¿ 651¿1¿.,,On

h m,ánd i:onrré, l i,n ás,. ¡h¡1rne, so véise of Ca ry 5 nydE i u¿qu ld,, §¿, s¿ 5 s ¡

rth:é:

¡

Ot'h,er .handr iómé,rof,rit!,in:qances

a

re

pelsóna!,to'the poet and mi§ht.be,dlffiiúltr.tó rúnderstand fú,|ly, andlo¡ get acssS,,in,án*he,1.tan,§ú;§4¡l,.,,., :,,

3 ,r

The picture is of Eugenio Montale.

;niiySii,,, 2 siháláis

4,5rupposedly 8 enigmatic

r,

3 rnist,ru,§ted/ü,ntrrustworthy

5 impér¡a1,,

6'impiisons,

j

Farniliar '

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

,

Style extra

16.3

Two of the occurrences of as are in the same example.

L§s*em§mg effi

Answers

asthe,poet:Ro:be,rtF'iostoncé,claimed,,

:,

1

i

i;rniiiáiásii¡,taigh,t'ñaswith

'

Don't Sweat The Aubergine - cookery/food writing The Flanders Panel - crime/detective fiction

,l

A Bigger Message: Conversations with David Hockney

thé rihainge !n,word,,óide¡ a¿ds emrphásil to the fact *rat

it,i!unlikely,,."...

. ,' ,

,.,.

, .,.,,. ,. .,.

,.

Turn to page r86 of the Grammar folder after completing the exercise (c and d do not contain concessive clauses). Suggested answers

'6r:eatly,acctaimed thou,gh this novel

b' Ás:entertaining as the play is, it

it

l

find it rathár

is lightweight

in

r

:

comparison with his earlier works. c Asrüélla5 bein,É:ai'writé[,Rómano wal a páinter. i ,As¡,gsbs¡lrFrost-saidi,A poém begins in delight and ends in wisdom.' e r Cii:pping thou'ghtlresto'ry[ne,of t,he novel undoubtedly is, its characters lack development. f iMuch as'lr,h,ávé tr:ied to get intothe,book; it'Iemains

Matter - science fiction Moza m bi que Myste ri es

. póssiblé ansurer'

g Even though h

...

I

...

...

...

r

eüe,n,if,ltslthe rhyme,,i5lgets lóst OR ev.en Íf he/she loses the rhyme z: my.hánd,at iw¡iting) short:sto¡ies, poétry is 3 enjorllike poetry,readin,gs; I sometimes take exception

fo

i

b'¡

ógra

p h er's,,p rog ré

ss,was,,/ had bee n

initially 5r Strike'it |uCky withlby:eréating a best5elter, althoughI

Ithoúgh/b,ut/whereáslygt,

,'6 lÍor

feá,r,

{!hat},1

oit

,,

,

,',

,

,

2

The extracts are fairly short, like those in Paper 3 Part t. Play

them twice if necessary.

DumasClub (detective story)

writing)

',

'

"

links and suppositions

4

L,'.as ftnaugh th e

,,:,

(oingo Jaurn,ey: more than stiaight'description, bli'll,ia'nt insights into a remote region, meticutou5,detail on wrildlife, superb use of dialogue;funny, m,óvi¡g',

...

was wrong

in spite of writing

,',: §ánrJ,- ¿ ,,',

O-ualities: The Dumas Club:subtle plot (two strands,'app'arently interlinked), compelling, makes the reader come up with

c Although it is not easy ... d Despite what she felt ... Although one could see

'

compelled to contiriue to thé end úithout pausing.

The

e

travel writing

' i.

Congo Journey (travel

Corpus spot

-

The,i,ngrediients in a,good book depend on,the good novel,mi§ht have a¡ intrigújng prlot;ra,,ca¡tof,well; ': ' de-v.eloped characters and be expertly,c¡9fted,A gQgd, ,, ',, biográrphy, on the other hand;would be infórm-at,ive and r, ,, accurate, with well-researched details and human interest. A book that is hard to put down usually hasá'fa¡t-mov!ng plot or suspense of somé klnd, wheréby the réader feels

im penetra ble.

5uggested answers a ln spite of / Despite the nice atmosphere OR Although the atmosphere is nice ... b ... despite the fact that ... OR despite my knowing only...

- artl

biography

..,.1

,:

d §peak§rxg

The different genres shown are:

As remote as

a

pages 138-139

, ,t,,,

'.

of fear (that) it wouldlshou |dl

"

Recording script "'2trE Speaker 1: If I had to single out one book from the many I read last year, it would be The Dumas Club,by Arturo Pérez-Reverte - that's in translation from the original Spanish. Although I read the opening couple ofchapters quite slowly, I soon got completely immersed in the subtleties of the plot, so much so that I quite literally could not put the book down until I had finished it. Some books have this compelling effect on me, and not just detective stories like this one. What is so skilful about the way The Dumas Clubhas been constructed is that there are two strands to the ploi, and as a reader, you assume these are interwoven and all the time you're engaging with the text on this basis, making links and suppositlons of your own. WelI, without giving an¡hing away, there is a masterful tu,ist, which makes this an exceptional book' Speaker

2: I read loads of travel writing, partly

because

I have a penchant for travelling myself. That said, I do expect a lot more than straight description and first-hand observation from a truly great travel book. Redmond O'Hanlon's masterpiece Congo lourney does not disappointl Will Self - the author - named it as one of his books of the year and said he felt like starting it again the minute hed finished it, which is praise

ANsWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

,

indeedl I'11 certainly re-read it at some point. It's got brilliant insights into what is a really remote region of our planet. There's meticulous detaii on its wildlife and superb use of dialogue ... brings the whole thing to life. And then much more besides * it's funny, moving - so you're reading it on many dillerent levels. Above all, though, you marvel at his sheer guts in enduring such a difficult and dangerous journey. Epic stuff.

3

Part x §ct tex* question: Review Avoid writing at length about the whole plot in the exam

- all set text questions ask something fairly specific about the book you have read.

1

Underline the key parts ofthe question as you read it.

Underline the words for a-h in the recording script in z.

a imrmef§:éd ,lb compelli¡ng c ar95úrme : drsú,ppositionsr e masterpiece ,, f inslghtS g'meticulóus,, hr§uts

Background information u

Matthew Kneale (born 196o) is best known for his novel English Passengers, published in zooo, which won the Whitbread Book of the Year and was also shortlisted for the Booker Prize for Fiction. He began writing while teaching in Japan and currently lives in ltaly. His other novels include SweetThames (1992) and WhenWeWere Romans (zoo7). He has also written a collection of short stories entitled Small Crimes in an Age oJ Abundance (zoo5).

Promurxe§a&§orx

4

Writing folder 8 pases 't4o-141

Subtleties has a silent 'b'. The silent consonants are underlined in the recording script.

Recording script ",2:IE <norvledge

retched

,.,

:

2

ls1le

::r1hm

..,t,,G .,.,2F..

-: ir

3

rup

--

:,-lilarating *:nOUemen!

-

::Jemn

-:emonic

as

¡stii turái out,

: -:hant

event.

f nswers

i,r

a P l, o

:denoue

On bala,ncé;1¡¡r ¡r ¿¡,i¡¡,bitlous fi¡iit novél;whlch p iém ises m.u.ch for,th il ia,!e nted. yoü'n,8 wÍlté,ils.,f utu re

.P:'o]

'il""l"Pll'

tnoe

'P. ,,,"..,

4

r..1.'i

ha ,do

:n

.t.

rt

(l,t:t:..:.,.,,,.,.

.e

uttedyimprr€5siVe,chá,r.atte¡lsation,,,, zéalóúsly deta,iied'c'hronicl€ ' r'r','l ' painstakingly accurate depiction

l]

e,,n ..t

Possible answers

I1r,,',I m ,*,rr"

]'r

on the card in the exam.

:: ch noIogicall4,tt9Írnat!,vet,ior8i :: :¡ nological a lternatives

p.rrcticá,1 :ádvántagés

: -:ctical advantages issues

I adva

ntages OR technological alternatives

: : - vour talk, working

Use some of the collocations in your own review later.

..ir.

;:trember that in Paper 4 Part 3 you need not cover all the

.: -cational

i

Prenticé could not have witnessed the

day.

:co -l m n a r'¡r,1116;,,,lt'rnrl.t'rlil i,,, p , ,e: ,ltii, i e'l 5 '5 '

:' ; lica

r'

Within a matter of hours, her condition had worsened and she died the following day. By the same token, nobody should have been working that

The silent consonant is 'b'.

:':mpts

,

flashbacks.

: : -rpo§

tr

:'r,.iri .i

Possible sentences By and large, the author is successful in his portrayal of female characters. ln muchrthe Samelway, memories of the past are included

-,.,.rdonym

:bt

t.5rA ,,'.,6,'.1,,',|.,,',

,6!:¡gl,':"dr ,ec,,f:,s gE hB iE jB kE,',r,

.-iebred

-

§Br ,4D.

",,' t ' .t,') ,'1

::::

,

utterly enigmatic hero hauntingly moving images intensely com pelli ng narrative ingeniously woven plot subtly realistic portrayal an noyingly pom pous protagonist exquisitely intricate storyline

5

Write the revieq following the advice given on ?age

through the checklist. Record the

'; , and then analyse it, referring to the checklist.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

:q:1.

Units 13-16 Revision pages Use

42'143

of English

The aim of this revision unit is to focus on the language covered in Units t3-t6, and earlier, as well as extending the work done in Writing folder T. Specific exam practice is

provided for Paper t Parts t, 3 and 4. This Use of English section could be done as a timed test of 3o minutes.

1

The picture shows the WORLDMAP software in action.

track record.

:iei,ü¡ditoúi:ptssiiblísivé:llí§qm§f§tryr: :iéipaili§" b"to," midday?

With thanks, 3

Frank McGeek

:lilli:iEiil:lll:a:;:§:illi:i:lli§:il]ll!{r§lr:::::§:§::::::r!6lrDi:lríi§:rl§:§i::::.:::rll::llllll

(z4r words)

lT

Department

Writ!ng

Crossword

4

This includes some of the idioms, phrasal verbs and other

The draft proposal has been written as a joke - the date is r April, which is otherwise known as April Fool's Day.

Background information On April Fool's Day, people in Britain play tricks on their friends and work colleagues. Newspapers often carry'spoof'articles ones that aren't true. The joke has to be done before midday.

-

26o¡

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

vocabulary from Units t3-t6.

Unit

Speaker 3

17

In my book, it's all to do with shared positive vibes. like infectious lauehter ripplins throush a close familv srouo. Beine in a lovins relationship is kev, as this provides stabilitv. And happiness can be found in small l.hinss the securit)¡ o[a comlortable sofa. curled up with a good

17.1 pages q4-145 1

The pictures show, from left to right:

. . . .

book while the wind's howling outside - that's something I remember from mv childhood. It may be an old cliché, but it's true, you cant buy it, not at any price.

glrl reading a book in a meadow two teenage girls at a funfair a father holding his newborn baby a mountaineer who has just reached the summit a

Sources

ofquotes (in order of presentation in Student's

Book): Thomas Jefferson, Anatole France, Marcus Aurelius,

Democritus, Robert Kennedy

Listenimg

3

Before playing the recording, spend 45 seconds (the time you

will have in Part 4 of the exam) Iooking at the task. Listen to the recording twice to replicate exam conditions. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm the answers.

Recording script ?BkFI Speaker I Well, I suppose I would visualise certain snapshots in my Life, fleeting moments when I was on cloud nine - the birth of my second child or, more recently, a forest walk on a beautiful morninq with the birds sineins their hearts out - at times like these, vou sort of step outside vourself and [hink. ves. thjs is as sood as it sel.s. So it's not about having material possessions or a huge income, though if you have any worries on that front it surely rules out the chance of happiness. Itt more to do with personal satisfaction and inner peace. Speaker 2 For me it's not necessarily a transient feeling. I can recall rr'hole periods of mv life when t.hinss were basicallv soins risht, especiallv in mv career. and I think a oositive exoerience like that works as a catal)¡st. I suppose I cant have been in the same state of ecstasy from dawn till dusk, but looking back, perhaps through rose-tinted spectacles, it certainly feels that ir-ay. But if I had to pick just one event, it would be the elation

Speaker 4 Sometimes I've felt a surge of joy in the midst of a perilous situation, and one moment I'll alwa]¡s treasure occurred in the Andes with two fellow-climbers. handling a triclv descent in appalline weather conditions. I hadnt known them that well when we set out, but in that situation, you put yourself on the line and make the impossible happen through mutual trust and cooperation. Others might claim wellbeing is a mental thing, but that's not what really counts. If you're leelins under the weather. vou won't experience emotional highs, so it's vital to stay in shape. Well. thatt mv view. anvwav. Speaker 5 Locations have alwavs been imoortant to me - thev seem to contribute so much to a person's mood. A few years ago, I was studying marine activity on a coral reef, part of a close-knit research team on an otherwise unpopulated and stunninslv beautiful island. There was one oarticular dav when I'd done three dives, the last at night, and although I was exhausted, I couldnt turn in. So I went back to the beach alone. I lay on the ghostly white sand, gazing at the canopy of stars above me, and saw the most awesome meteor shower - an absolute first for me. It doesnt alwa)¡s take much to tip the balance in favour of happiness, does it?

ldiom spot Find and underline

the idioms in the recording script above.

tr f-e1t ased nine on receivins a silver troohv at mv first iudo ;ontest, something beyond my wildest dreams.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Voca bu

4

!

a

ry: fUleta phor

Some of the possible collocates are given below.

17.2

pages 46-147

Comparison 1 The picture shows a marble bust of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus.The word'natural' in the three headings means that it is understandable for a human being to want such things.

5

Metaphors may be easier to learn by topic. A useful book on this area of language learning is Meanings and Metaphors: Activities to proctise figurative longuage by Gillian Lazar (Cambridge University Press, zoo3).

6

Remember not to mix your metaphors (see second answer below).

7

Background information Gerald Durrell, younger brother of the writer Lawrence Durrell, grew up on the Greek island of Corfu, which is where his

interest in the natural world began.

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

3

Statements a-h exemplify other comparative structures. See the Grammar folder on Page t86.

Vocabulary: Synonyms

The 'lifted'word1 and phrases in the rest of the

a

nswer are

as follows:

Second paragraph: health and well-being, climate,job s ati sfu cti o n, a s pe cts, pol iti ca I f re ed om Third paragra ph: heatthy, supported by friends and famity

a WILLINC b NOTWORRIED ,c LUCKY d PLEASED

fortunate = CCStAtiC

LUCKY

Suggested reformu lation Both texts deal with,the concept of lquality of lifeland consider which factors witrhin this umbrella term are the morst important inr,reality. ln both cases, healthiness js seen as a crucial attribute, since it dictates whether someone can hold down a job and therefore influences other'quatity of

= PLEASED

Possible answers

cheerful, content, merry opportu ne, propitious, timely WILLINC amenable, inclined, prepared PLEASED

liJe' indicators. The first text gives an overview ofthe factors that go to make up a person's quali§ of life, rnentloningtheir state of health'and general happiness, sociaI involvement, work, the

LUCKY

ii

political status quo and the local weather conditions.Nol only does it unde¡'line the fact that without good health, being able to work and having an active and fulfilling role in society are impossible, but also, lt argues that some things cannot be changed by the individual - how their country is governed and any consequent limits on their

r set her sights on visiting / a visit to z changed his tune I sanga different tune when he 3 keep a stráight face in OR keép ¿ 5traight face becausel 4

5 6

aslsince it was on cloud nine at winning/gaining/getting first OR on cloud nine when she won/g-ot/gained first OR on cloud nine having won/got/gained first nowhere near as much sooner Ralph moves out the better so

17.3

rights,for exa m ple. The second text focuses on the annual phenomenon of quality-of-llfe Indexes and, while viewing them as informati-e, questions the value of their having such prominence in the media. For most of us, it is academic which city in the,worl,d has the best quality of !ife, as we have no real opportunity to uproot our existence and rush to start a new life there. Nor ís it necessary, argues the writer, as a good quality of life is still possible, provided that the individual is physicaltyfit and enjoys some stabi lity i n relationsh i ps. While this may be true up to a point, it is nevertheless

pages q8-149

Reading into Writíngr Fu!i Task t The pictures show:

. . .

a healthy-looking woman riding a horse a family walking along a beach a desirable house in the sun.

Check your understanding of the words and phrases in the box. Many of

them are used in the texts below.

This lesson looks at a Paper zPartt task and analyses a

going to be far more dif6cult folpeople trapped in poverty to gain a quality of life equal to that of people at the other end of the wealth spectrum - especially in our materialist society, where possessions seem to count for so much and we are constantly encouraged té wish fór more. (3or words)

sample answer that has lifted some words and phrases

ldiom spot

from the texts.

The idiom make ends meet means manage on very little money.

Working through the sample answer will make you more aware of the need to reformulate words and phrases. See the rewritten answer on the next page for suggested changes, which are given ín italics.

the pinch b tighten you¡ belt c keepyour head above water d cut corners cut corners - save time, money or effort by not following the usual procedure a feel

downand ouf -without hopeand usuallywithouta jobor place to live your head above water - struggle to survive, usually under pressure feel the pinch - have less money than previously and suffer as a result in the red - overdrawn at the bank on a shoestring - with very little money keep

tighten your belt - economise a rough ride - a time when you experience a lot of problems

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

Exam folder 9

pages 1so-1s1

Paper 3 Part r ltllultiple-choiee questions

1

Paper 3 Fart

2

3

Multiple-choice que§t¡on§

This is a complete Part 3 question. The underlined parts of the recording script confirm the answers.

ln the examination there are three different extracts. Here, there are only two. You will hear each extract twice.

Recording script Recording script

€&E

Part I You will hear two different extracts. For questions 1-4, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract.

Extract One Man: Now; from what I can tell from this current album, apparently the singer Lisa Gray is on cloud nine. It's interesting isnt it - the alternative artist who' in her long singing career' has alwa),s refused to conform to

mainstream notions of musical genres, but who has just made a commercial album which looks set to be a hit' Why the about-face, do you think? Woman: It looks as if she has now found a kind of fulfilment, after years of swimming against the tide possibly because of her marria ge. After hlts like Needing You and Crlfug Oal. Gra), seemed hardl], likely to make an album celebrating happiness in love. But, with her new album, that is exactly what she has done and it'll get her a lot of new fans. Man: Well, she certainly seems to have got over her aversion to pop and with this new album she has definitely proved that she can do it. Extract Two Critic: The American artist Dorota Kowalska claims to view her homeland with affection, but the fact that she Ieft the USA and has lived in Europe since 2007 suggests that what mightbe Alwq¡s Fun in the USA - the title ofher latest book ofphotographs - isnt necessaril]¡ something she herself subscribes to. Her images depict largely working-class Americans amusing themselves in ways that only a nation hopelessly committed to the pursuit ofpleasure could devise. Aquapark gives a birdteye view of trippers aimlessly drifting along the concrete waterways on their huge rubber rings. As with most of the characters in Kowalska's eccentric collection, their quest for enjoyment looks naive or Perhaps. at worst' even r,'ulgar and trash)'. The documentary style in which the photographs show the people contrives derisively to offer the recreational habits ofthese individuals for our amusement, rather than suggesting a sentimental reaction to such eccentricitY.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

i2ffi

Part 3 M: You will hear two people, Darren and Helena, talking about Darren's new career. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. You now have one minute in which to look at Part 3' Helena: So, Darren, I hear that you've got a new job working in the voluntary sector. It must have been a bit of a wrench, wasnt it, giving up your high-powered banking job in the City, with those huge annual bonuses and Iong City lunches? Most people we know thought it was a passing phase, but I alwa)¡s thought you were a bit of a square peg in a round hole' so I've alwa)¡s half expected it. So I guess armed with your degree and a tidy sum put b)¿, you thought you could change careers just like that? But why did it take you two years to make the move?

Darren: I didnt know what I wanted to do; I only knew what I didnt. I was really stuck in a rut until someone I worked with got fed up with me and told me to go and do voluntary work or somethingl So I decided to take some time of and volunteer for a charity. I reckoned that if I guaranteed them six months, during that time I would be bound to find a proper job, you know a paid one! It wasnt quite as easy as I thought, though. I decided to apply to 12 well-known charities, ranging from overseas aid to homelessness. I put in my applications, but I guess m),lack ofreal conviction and experience was prett)¡ obvious. and the)¡ saw straight through me. They didnt even bother to reply.

Helena: Ouite right. I dont know why )¡oud think they would. The], need big hitters just like in banking. not oeople who don't know what they want - I can't imagine why people think that charities should be charitable when it comes to employing people.

Darren: Well, I can see that now obviously. Any.wa¡ I got a luc§ break. A friend of a friend had a contact with

Unit

one of the charities I had applied to. She gave me a name, Anna Rogers, and within days Anna had come back with a proposal. Now, I'm a history graduate and Id spent two years on a trading floor in the City, so most of her spiel on government research papers went straight over my head, but I did manage to make out that she wanted me to find out about schemes that prevented or alleviated homelessness. I jumped at the chance and handed in m)¡ notice at work straightawa]¡. My colleagues told me they'd thought I'd never really do it - they had no idea how desperate I was.

t8.1 I

18

pages 152-153

Think about the bulleted points in relation to all parts of the world. :§§§t¡,iié{a§i:::l:i:,ii:i,llii',,ii::::l::ili:::i]i!ii::i:::arliliilili:::,::':::ii:::l:::i::i::ii::l::::::,i:.lli:l:i...lll,i,,

§iii;i!:liri}:]r:§§-i;i.xe;&*r**§:lrrá:;ri;r::*;:;rr:rarr:rr:r,.ri.

how did it go?? Darren: Well, I actually found it a bit on the quiet side, but that was OK. I could hear the tapping of keyboards

Helena:

..,

.r l

So

and conversations on the phone. Even the people were different - they spoke in whole sentences, without the 'yeah, yeah, right, right, offer this, bid that, done'tempo I was used to. I was expecting a collection of meek do-gooders, and I was surprised to find they were OK, and I just got on with things. They were a nice bunch and were only mildly curious as to why I had given up a well-paid job. The biggest surprise, however, was me. I never expected to enjoy it so much. Helena: So, what about the future? Darren: Well, that project took five months to complete. That done, I had no real desire to leave and volunteered for another couple of months, writing bits and pieces, even stuffing envelopes. It was novel to be working l4-hour days without moaning for what I once regarded as a pittance. I dont think the City is an easy life. Mind you, this isnt a breeze either - there are still targets here. Equallv, the Citv iust wasnt rieht lor me. while this is. I feel pretty stupid that it took me so long to frgure that out. I'm just glad I got there in the end and one day I can work on a bigger project where I can start to make a difference to people's lives. Now you will hear Part 3 again.

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Readimg

2

The picture shows the tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1989, which signalled the end of the 'Cold War'and led to

the re-unification of Germany. Carry out the gapped text task, following the advice given in Exam folder 5 on page 83. Remember to underline key words and phrases in both

the base text and the

paragraphs.

6A tG

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The words and phrases are all in the

text on pages

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ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

152-153.

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Basically, animal research is the ultimate quick fix. In general, it requires many years to monitor the progression of a human disease. Obviously laboratory animals, with their shorter lifespans, tend to decline more rapidly. This means that research projects can be wrapped up quickly. Papers presented, trials successfully concluded, bam, new drugs hit the market. It cant be scientifically sound. But what should have been done - full-scale controlled

monitoring within

t8.2

a human population - is ruled out as uneconomic. The hard truth is that just about every medical advance has come about either independently from, or despite, animal research. You shouldnt believe everything you hear, right?

pages 154-155

Itñodals review

1

Corpus spot

The pictures are taken from two animal welfare campaigns

run by

PETA

and Lush.

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could live

wouldn't

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2

4

The speaker is against animal testing.

Recording script ri2fl Two-and-a-half million animals are used in Australian medical research every year, half a million in Victoria alone. They justify the obscene waste of life like this: animals must be used in order to trial new drugs and treatments safely. But a growing number of doctors and scientists have challenged this line, saying that in fact, animal research is counterproductive. It could in fact be damaging to human health. This is because animals are not like us - their bodies are different, they suffer from different diseases and obviously their reactions to drugs are also different. So animals cannot be used to find cures for humans. Why does animal testing continue? Answer: it's a huge industry. There are many, many vested interests in animal research, from the big pharmaceutical companies themselves to the manufacturers of the cages that these poor dumb animals end up in. Then, apart from those obvious commercial interests, there are the many scientists who have chosen to base their careers on animal experiments. They wouid lose their jobs tomorrow if animal testing was stopped, wouldnt they?

5

Background information The text comes from the book The New Existentialism by Colin Wilson, a British philosopher whose most famous bookThe

Outsiderwas written when he was only 24.

f8.3 pages $6-157 L§stemimg and §peak§mg The pictures show:

. .

children working in a carpet factory someone making a speech at Speaker's Corner in Hyde Park, London

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

:

.

a

3

demonstration being broken up violently by the

police.

Now listen to the second part.The candidates decide to include additional photos to do with education and animal rights.

Recording script t¡jIE Interlocutor: Now Id like you to look

at all three pictures. I'd like you to imagine that they are all going to be used in a book about freedom. Talk together about the aspects offreedom that are shown. Then suggest two other aspects offreedom that you feel should be included in the book. You have about three minutes to talk about this. W'oman: Well, weve already identified political freedom and the rights of children, havent we? Looking at picture B, I suppose itt illustrating the rights of the

P¡ct

2

individual, isnt it? the pictures as you listen to the first part ofthe recording. Notice how the man keeps interrupting the woman and doesn't allow her to give her own opinions. He also challenges what she says quite aggressively, which is rather unfair in an interview situation. Look at

Recording script §BIE lnterlocutor: Now in this part of the test you're going to do something together. Here are some pictures on the theme of freedom. First, I'd like you to look at pictures A and C and talk together about what might have happened just after these photos were taken. You have about a minute for this, so dont worry if I interrupt you. I[an: Er ... shall I start? libman: Sure, go ahead. Itan: Well, I'll choose the easier of the two. So, if we consider what C shows, it's some kind of demonstration which may have started offpeacefully but has obviously turned sour. Er, the police are in there, there'll obviously be lots of arrests, and maybe worse, physical abuse of some kind ... Il'oman: The ... there's

a doctor or someone with a medical training there, the armband has a red cross, it doesnt look good ... ]Ían: Yes, yes. The police might take away banners, too, thatt what often happens in situations like this. An1'way, what about picture A? llbman: Well, I'm sure the owners of the factory werent too happy with the photographer, so perhaps they tried to confiscate the film. Uan: Mm, but we're looking at the photo, so what you suggest cant be truel Ilbman: I didnt say they succeeded. Yes, obviously the

Man: Mm, yes. It's taken in Hyde Park in London, the place is called Speaker's Corner and every Sunday ... Woman: I didnt know that. An1.way, the man is holding forth to the crowd about something, so it's all about free speech. Het rather unusually dressed, het got a mortar board on his head like teachers used to wear, and look, he's wearing a real dog's collar! That's underlining the message of personal liberty - in a liberal society, you can wear what you want. Man: Yes, that's an important point - you dont have that freedom of choice everlwhere. Well, we have to suggest other aspects offreedom to include in this book... um

W'oman: Um, speaking purely for myself, Id want to include something on education. It's a basic human right. I suppose it's linked to those girls in the factory, they're being deprived of what they should be doing at that age, going to school and learning. Ifthey can't read and write, they'll be trapped for the rest of their lives. Man: Mm, that's true. But how would you select a photo to show this tlpe of freedom? if you just show a class of schoolchildren, it wouldnt make the point, educationt something we take for granted. Woman: Right, well fortunatel¡ we dont have to worry about which photo is actually chosen, but I do think the book should focus on education. Man: Oh yes, yes, I, I agree. And then, something else? Mm, freedom of the press maybe? That's part of potitical freedom, but also the book could focus on how the paparazzí chase after famous people, you'd get a good

photo ofthatl

photographer...

I[an: Um, perhaps it was taken in secret? That's what that kind ofinvestigative journalist often does.

\lbman: Uh-huh. lnterlocutor: Thank you.

AN SWE R5 AN D RECORDI NG SCRI PTS

Woman: I'm not sure that's strictly about freedom, though. And it seems rather flippant, after we've been considering basic human rights like education and freedom of speech. What about including animal rights? Iti an important element - we're not the only species on

Writing folder 9 pases 158-1se Fart x &,a"*§c§e 1 Before reading the task, look back at the advice given in Writing folder

the planet, after all.

Man: But now I'm beginning to wonder what the focus of this book is. I mean, you can t just call it 'Freedom' and put everlthing in it - there would have to be some limits?

Woman: I dont

see why.

,,,,:

2

in style. atl lcántent:isretevalnttot,hetask:

.a

which have been recorded separately. Repeat after the speaker, paying particular attention to your stress and

intonation. Recording

6

.

But in my humble opinion, the book will become very

Pronunctailon 4 Read the Exam spot and then listen to utterances a-f

f 5

Suggested answers The artic1e will appearrin an ácadémic,journa,l and be I read by. aiádémics; so it must be,;forrna'l;rseriorus: and impersonal in style. ,.,,

unwield¡ an editort nightmare.

r

e

91.

Start with the title. Does it match your answer in l? Work through the article, underlining any words and phrases that are informal rather than formal, or not impersonal

\{oman: Muyb. ... Interlocutor: Thank you.

d

on page

It would be very interesting"

Perhaps a bit long. Man: Just a littlel Er, welI, OK, we'll include animal rights.

a b c

5

script','2I4

Anywa¡ what about picture A?

I didnt

say they succeeded. Looking at picture B, I suppose it's illustrating the rights of the individual, isnt it? Yes, thatt an important point - you dont have that freedom of choice everl'where. Speaking purely for myself, Id want to include something on education. I'm not sure that's strictly about freedom, though. Read the task and spend just a few seconds thinking about your ideas - you won't have longer in the exam!

, :,r.

'

Ii

'rr

...

....

',I

of an informal phrasal verbrand,chattyrtoné in titlet Hang o'n to yo:uir rightsl - certain phrasál véibs'iare a ppr,o pri ate'i'n academ icr writin §, fo r: exa rnple w ei gh:' u p in paragraph 1. Flowever, you need to- be car¿ful when using phrasal verbt as informal ones stand out,andrcórnt¡:ibute,tO ': a negative effect ónithe exalminer {e,g. lrc lp [usJ,out). ,' several instances of lthink... - an article for an academic 'audience should avoid use of the first person'añd ádopt an impe¡sonal stylie. .' (you rewrite these parts in' rr inqppropriate informal use use

exercise 4):

really that great (paragraph r)

the big plus; kids (par,agraph z) tlré downside of;24n {paragraph i) . , the lnternet gives u! the abilÍty.to coñtro] our lives, right? '

(paragraph 4) help u,s out {paragraph

5) '

thebigsnag{paragraph6)

3

. ' ,, ' :' , ,,,, :¡

.

1,

The picture shows people protesting peacefully in Cairo

'Slips' (box 4) are very minor, unintentional mistakes. To achieve a Band 3 or above for Language in Cambridge English: Proficiency,you will have to show a high level

during the Arab Spring'of zotz.

of accuracy.

rB zC 34 48 5D 6C 7D

8A

Tick

the boxes that apply to the sample answer. ...t,

::ffi:Xi::5fY; ."*rrnicated

convincingry.

Texlis a well-organ,ised,:coherent whole:r,

I

'',,, ,,

, ,:

r,,, l',.

,

"',, ',,

ErróÍs oniy occur in.less common word§ and,n'ia¡r belslip5, Choice of vocabulary generally shows sophistication and p rec rs ro

AN SWE RS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

n.

4

Rewrittenánsweri

, I "

a, tole.rant,,

(Stylistic changes and spelling corrections in italics)

c

SOCIAL MEDIA:THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PERSONAL LIBERTY

The prevalence of mobile communication devices together with the widespread use of social netwoiking and the lnternet have altered our way of llfe fundamentally. This article weighs up their lmpact on indivldualfreedóm andr:asrSesses whether the outcomes are unequivocally advantageous. ,

for social networking, the chance to share ldeas,an,d communicate more effectively means that nobody need feel alone in the modern world. Furthermore, the role played by social media in disseminating information under less tolerant political regimes shows how networking sites can be úsed/or'the Eieater good, contributing to profound r

social change. However, the adverse impact o/all this is an inevitable erosion of privacy. People seem happy to display their innermost thoughts and as,pirations in a way that would have been unheard of in the previous century, but at what co§t? lt is impossible to turn'therclock back, yet it m ust be acknowledged that through social media, restrictions have been placed on individual freedom, which society at large may come to regret. (323 words) Use a good monolingual dictionary to extend your knowledge of word families.

e

a, prevalence b ; qonlaqlab,lq

;i, };I

#i

,intole,rant

Use

the mind map to help you plan your ideas. Follow the

Exam advice when you write your article. Sample answer

How much freedom do we have in modern society? ln some ways, we enjoy far more freedom than previous

choice. As

,f

e

intoleraible

OF THE INDIVIDUAL WITI{I N CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

,

cr 'bénefiiial di constrainti

7

d, tolerance,

IHE POSITION

Arguably, the main asset o/5martphones and tabIets is that friends and family are always contactable. Parents néed not be (oncerned for'the,wqlfqle of their:teenage children, as they can keep track ofthem. This may be beneficial to the older generation, but I think it imposes unfáir limits on the liberty ,of their offspring, One,drawback of mobile devices from the working adult's standpoint is that they can be reache d at alttimei and the distinction between work and home life becomes blurred. This again places constraints upon the individual, who has fewer oppo¡tunities to shut out the stres5 of everyday life. At the sarne lime,'it'is undeniab'le that'the l¡ternet gives us the ability to control our lives. From booking a holiday to selecting a new home, everything can be done direct, without ány:middleman, restricting what is on offer; 5o that is an example of greater freedom - the freedom of

5

.

b,, i:ntolera,nCe

,,

tolerant

f erosion g aspirations h restrictions ,

generations;,b-utiin othei:ways, wé rnost definitely do not. This article considers both aspects of this question. Nowadays, the individual has a strong entitlement to protection under the law, e§pecially,in relation to gender 'and race,Equal rightsofthis kind seem fundamental to personal freedom. Men and women should earn the same rates of pay for the sa me job, whatever their age a nd people of different ethnic backgrounds should be able to attend the school of their choice. However, at the same ti'me it cannot bé denied that some constraints must be placed on the individual if a society i¡,to fu,n!t!on properfy and t,hesé timits áre,generally enshrined in law. Model citizens recognise that they must abide by the law in order to protect the weak and vul,nerable members of their society, whereas lawless states lack the proper safeguards for these individuals. ln a civilised society, tolerance of others allows free speech and religiousrfréedorn. lt is vitalfor individuals to be able 'to staie,tháir bef[efl and political views without fear of reprisa,l.Similarly, everygn,eshoutd be able to dress as they wish, ratherthan béing attacked for their appearance. Howeve,r, there are many limits to personal freedom, not rleast due to the huge amount of data that exists about us online these days, from our shopping habits to our relationships. Furthermore, in many modern societies, ihi!dren, háve lessf¡,eedom to play unsupervised,tha;,i,:, " in the past and CCTV cameras are everywhere. This undoubtedly affects everybody's freedom in one way, though it undeniably protects us at the same time. ln contemporary soCiety we all carry the notion that'úe are'free' but in reality, this isn't always the case. Although ztst.cenfury citizeris would 'p'róbably,not w:ant to return to a pre¡dlgital á§é, thé Cénstraints imposed onithem are inevitably greater nowadays, largely thanks to the ubiquity of technology. (33r words)

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI PT5

Unit 19.1

19

pages

t6o-t6t

§peakimg

1

The photo is from the Twilight series of films.

Vocabu!ary 2 The adjectives refer to personality. Use an English-English dictionary to find the odd one out. You can use any of the words you feel best describes someone who believes in ghosts.

,,a,il|,].,,:

::,:l]:']:iiiii

Listemimg

3

Read

Play

through the questions and try to predict the answers. the recording twice. The underlined parts of the

recording script confirm the answers. The story you will hear is true. rir:a:l

1t§ Er::ti::t:r::::rl :.:,:,:::', ,,::llL,,,.l:,1,.:,;''ll.,,l:

Recording script ::Ztlr Presenter: Good morning. Today on the programme I'm going to talk about one aspect ofthe supernatural

* ghosts! Now, ghosts have always been with

us and

are as much of a mystery now as they were in the first

century AD, when Athenodorus, a hard-up philosopher, rented a house in Athens which was cheap because of its eerie reputation and noisy neighbours. Sitting working

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

late at night, Athenodorus heard the rattling of chains and, suddenly, the horrifring figure of an old man appeared before him. It beckoned to him and, although Athenodorus tried to ignore it and get on with his work, it refused to let him. So Athenodorus followed the ghost into the garden, where it pointed to a spot on the ground and disappeared. Next day, a hole was dug at the place indicated by the ghost and a human skeleton was discovered. After the remains were given a proper burial and the house purified, the haunting ceased. This was clearly a ghost with a purpose, but usually the reason for haunting is not clear. There have been a few modern cases where ghosts seemed to have a message, ' of a person, seen by close such as a 'e1tüs friends and relatives at the time of his or her death, an event unknown to them until confirmation came later. However, in many ghost sightings, there seems to be no purpose and the ghost's identity remains unknown. Some people are sceptical and do not believe in the existence of ghosts. It is indeed likely that some witnesses who claim to have seen ghosts out of doors have, in fact, mistaken a patch of mist for a human figure, especially ifthey have been alone and the place was eerie. Other people may have vivid imaginations and 'see' externally something that is really only in their

mind. One of the most vivid apparitions on record was that seen in 1953 by 18-year-old Harry Martindale. Now a retired gardener, but a plumber at the time of the sighting, Martindale was working in the Treasurer's House in York. One day he was at work in the cellar, when, to his astonishment and fright, he saw a Roman soldier step out of the wall. He instantly dropped his tools. What he did not know at the time was that he had put his ladder on the course of an old Roman road. He later described in detail what he had witnessed. Harry: I heard a sound - the only way I can describe it is the sound of a musical note. At the same time, a figure came out of the wall. And the head of the figure was in line with my waist, and it had on a shining helmet. I was terrified. I got out of the way and scrambled into the corner. And from there, I got a bird's eye view of what it was. It was the head of a Roman soldier. He crossed the room and disappeared into a pillar. Then another soldier on horseback came by, followed by soldiers walking in pairs, side by side. You couldnt see through them. They were all about one metre five, in want of a shavel Nothing smart about them. They all had the same helmets on, with the plume coming out of the back, down the neck. They all carried a short sword on the right-hand side. I used to think that Roman soldiers carried a long sword, but this was

similar to a dagger. And they went as quick as they came. When they were in the centre of the cellar, I could hear a murmuring - no speech, just a murmuring.

Presenter: When the museum curator found the terrified Harry collapsed at the top of the cellar steps, he

5

Read

r

immediately knew what had happened because he had seen the soldiers himself seven years before. And he knew Harry didn't know that the soldiers'legs were missing because they were walking on the course of the old Roman road, which was beneath the celiar floor.

through the text, which explains what a poltergeist

B is correct. A is when something is written in stone or metal; C is wiitten in a meeting;-D is for a course oi in

school. A is correct because the text goes on to give the

z

translation of the word.

3 C is correct .Turned over means'being put upside down,. 4 D is correct because it is the onl¡r veÁ'here ihat is

4

reflexive. correct because it collocates with 'ruies'. A is correct because'spontaneous'is the only one which can be used with an object, A is correct because it gives the meaning of 'started'. B, C and D need the preposition 'from'. D is correct because it has the idea of future abílity.

5

Possible answer

B is

6

Ithink that Harry'sexperience was probably the result of maybe, overwork. I can't believe this actualiy happened.

7

Style extra

8

Using onomatopoeic words will help give life to your writing.

5uggested answers Chains were described as'rattling'and the Roman soldiers

19.2

as'murmuring'.

§'ff«rd erd*r mmd edq,{§rfu§ 'l Refer to the Grammar foider on pages r87-rgg. The

- wooden floors tinkle - a bell; broken glass squelch - mud rumble - thunder, train on track «unch - gravel or crisp sngw when walked on slash - an angry person cutting cloth viciously with slap - waves on the beach, hand against face slam - a door click - door lock creak

growl

- angry

drip

want to emphasise.

a knife

a

b

dog, people

c

: parrot, brakes

- a fap

d

peal-

bells, laughter slither - snake moving smoothly, person sliding down or across something smooth a creaked b squelched c slashed d slithered e crunches f dripping g tinkled h hissed

determined not to be spooked by this. Then, there was a creak.This is when I began to get worried, as I knew the third stair from the bottom always creaked. Betsy began to growl softty and then I knew that something was ieally wrong. I reached for my mobile phone.

Yesterday I went home on foot. OR I went horne on foot yesterday. Later she briskly walked up the hill to where, iuckily, another coach was waiting. Last night iwas hardly in ihe mood to go swimming. OR I was hardly in the mood to go swimming last night. Of course he is still lying. OR Her:s still lying,áf .orrr'..

(with the meaning of not moving) óf cóurse he is lying still. ln fact, Stephen spoke to me in a friendly way the other day. OR-Stephen spoke to me in a friendly way the other day, in fact. Strangely enough; it rained heávily non-stop all day, OR It rained heavily non-stop allday, strangely.norgh. Apparently, people rareiy hide things of value in the attic. OR People rarely fride tfrings óf value in the attic, OR

e f

Possible answer I was lying in bed at home one night - all alone, except for my dog, as, for once, my family had gone out for t'he evening to a concert. lt was a cold, rainy evening and the shutters had begun to bang against the sidá of the bedroom wall. I could hear the wind getting up and it howling down the chimney. Suddenli I hea"rd i"r.tf.ring tinkle, Iike,glass breaking, then a crunch. I turned over, ar

$z-t63

examples given cover most of the basic word order rules. Some words can change order depending on what you

hiss-steam,asnake screech

pages

g

a

ppa

re

ntly.

h She performed the dance far too slowly. i To be honest, I think you should get oui of the house

j 2

more often. OR I think you shoulá get out of the house more often, to be honest. I saw the comet in the sky only yesterday. OR Only yesterday, I saw the comet in ine sty. Make sure you pay attention to punctuation when you do this exercise.

l

td

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI

PTS

is.

Background information

4

c

d e f g -

make 2 carry 7 taken 8 any

r

19.3

... that has been sacred to the Aboriginal people for

hundreds of years. Many Aboriginal paintíngs tell important Earth stories. ... the time when the world was created. ... the Earth rose up in revolt at the bloodshed to form the great blood-coloured rock. il'l"y'u.ti"ue that it was made by spirits in the

text gives background information on how to carry

out a ghost hunt.

Uluru (formerly known as Ayers Rock) is a huge red rock in 5W Northern Territory, Australia, 45o km 5W of Alice Springs. lt rises from the desert to a height of 348 metres. lt is the largest monolith in the world.

a Another tells how after a terrible battle ..' b One legend states that Uluru was originally a lake.

This

3

pages

of 4 onlforth

'Dreamtime'...

The order is Example, c, g, e, d, b, a, f

AslWhen/lf

6 to

$4-t65

Keed§xxg §rx*m Wr§*§xng:

1

5

§ax§§ Yms§<

The photos are ofAbraham Lincoln and John both American presidents.

a F.

Kennedy,

Possible answer

think that these coincidences are really very interesting. However, it has been shown that, what people think is 'a once in a million chance'of something happening has I

for example the coincidence of people having the same birthday in a small group. lt is actually more common for up to three people to have the same birthday in a group of, say, twenty people, than you

a good probability. Take,

Corpus spot

a

He slumped

b

looked at statistically, however, the centre has attracted more people, spending more money than

into the nearby velvet armchair, holding

his briefcase tightly in his hands.

c d e

f g h

i j 3

would think.

2

These are common expressions.

before.

Being into contemporary rather than old-fashioned art I don't find the good old Tate Britain a place I would visit too often. correct I have always wanted to remember every movie I see and every book I read PerfectlY. lt goes without saying that you will seldom OR seldom will you see a very shy person wearing a bright orange sh i rt. Kerry is a very green county: you can hardly find a road where two cars Pass each other. Most of us are aware of the fact that this solution is not always economicallY viable. Before hé appeared on the music scene,'Pop' music hardly existed. correct Refer

to the notes about adverbs and adjectives.

hard means difficult or not soft; hardly means not very much

Talk of the devill- said when you mention someone and they then appear to have a gúárdian angel - said about the feeling that there is someone you can't see who protects you It's a small world - said about a coincidence involving people known to both sPeakers to have second sight - to be able to know what will happen in the future female intuition - a feeling about something that might happen that women are supposed to have vu * a feeling of being in a place you've a feeling of déjá -or of experiencing something that has visited ñefore happened before a sixth sense - a feeling that you have that tells you something isn't quite right - rather like intuition but used by both sexes

3

Read

through each text carefully.

4

Look

through the texts again in order to find the words

and describe which part of speech they are.

short means noi tall; shortly means soon

right

and

speak out (phrasal verb) outspoken

rightty mean correctly; rightis only used after

verbs and is informal

anonymity (noun) anonymous, anonymously d istu rbi n g (adjective) disturb, distu rba nce, u nd istu rbed,

high is similar to tall; highly means a great deal

d

/ate is the opposite of early; lately means recently

con scious

wrong can be used informally after a verb

impression (noun) im press, impressive, unimpressive,

(adjective) unconscious, unconSciously, subconscious, consciousness i

hardly b highly c wrongly/rightly d hard e shortly f wrong (also possibly wrongly or right) g lately h right a

ishort

istu rbed, disturbi nglY

m

pressively, i m pressiona ble

dismissed (past participle) dismiss, dismissive, dismissal 5

outspoken b dismissive c anonymous d disturbance e impiessionable f subconscious

a

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

6

Suggested areas for improvement

r z 3

The answer is too short - slightly over length answers are not penalised, but answárs that are toó short are. The answer uses abbreviations (etc., e.g.) rather than words (and so on, for example). For each text, only one point is mentioned but there are

always two.

4 5 6

There is a lack of paraphrase i.e. the student has copied what is in the text - e.g. ring up, embarrassed. The language used is very simple - more complexity is needed. There is no adequate conclusion and the student seems to have ended in the middle of a paragraph.

Suggested improved answer The two texts discuss the arguments supporting and refuting the idea of coincidence, whether they are evidence of the paranormal or can be explained on a purely rational level. Text r puts forward the idea that people react to coincidence in one of two ways. At worst, they are extremely uncomfortable at the thought of being stigmatised as an idiot, or, at best, they are troubled by a worrying occurrence. Personally, I see myself in the latter category. I heartily agree with the writer that it ls important to find out

the truth behind a worrying o..rir.n.. or coincidence. Ithink that most people have experienced a feeling of déjá vu, and it can be unnerving, especially if they see themselves as quite sensible, level-headed types. lt's hard to know where these feelings spring from, but I tend to think they are past memoriEs oi polrinty, rirnif ar pf r.. ot occurrence coming to the fore. Text z mentions that people are first of ail alerted through their senses to something not being'quite right'. These feelings are generally thought to be ludicrous; especially given that time has shown that science can explain thiñgs which were previously thought to be mysterious. l'm in two minds about how much science can explain. While lam by no means a gullible person, lstill believe there may be room for the unexplained. I have never actually narrowly avoided a plane crash, but I do know people who have escaped serious injury through pure chance. Many coincidences can be easily explained away and the scientific theory of probabillty has gone a long way to disabusing people of how often some coincidences happen, However, I still believe that there are some things which are not easily explained. (z9z words)

Exam folder tO Faper q

pages

ln the examination there will be two or three students and two examiners. For the purpose of this test you should try to find someone to play the part of another student or the

The photographs for Part z are as follows:

A B C D E

a small car a desk

top computer

a book a clock

a refrigerator

Unit zo 2O.1

pages

$8-t6g

§pca§<§xxg 1

5uggested answers slapstick - silly behaviour like moving a chair when someone is about to sit down ;,similai.to Chariie Chaplin

humour political satire

- cartoons in the newspaper or comedy TV programmes on political topics stand-up - where a comedian is alone on stage telling jokes to the audience farce - a (sometimes irritating) type of comedy where the audiencé is aware that the actors are confuseá about a situation

- often within a family - making fun of something

black comedy

you shouldn't

*

like death or murder

Kead§mg

2

Scan the text to find out what impression Bill Bryson gives of life in the USA.

Possible answer He gives the impression of someone who is fairly happy to be back in his own country, but with reservations. Hé is

enjoying playing with new toys.

Backgrou nd information Bill Bryson was born in Des Moines, lowa in rg5t.From.rg77, he lived for many years in England with his English wife and

ú6-t67

§pem§<ñrxg

Make sure that the timing is correct: Part I - z minutes, part z -4 minutes and Part 3 - ro minutes. There can be anything from one to seven pictures/visuals in the examination. Here there are five photographs.

family. He then moved back to the States, but has returned to live in England again with his family. His best-selling books include The Lost Continent (about America),MotherTongue (about the English language), Neither Here norThere (about

travelling in Europe),

Notes

from

a Small lsland (about Creat

Britain) and Down Under (about Australia).

examiner.

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

2O.2 r

D is,correct because he talks

about her enjoying simple

pleasures líke iced watér and she thinks the waitress ir Jrit n.lng nice to her,noteverybody,she rneets' A is *iong be.ire although he mentions food.he doesn't she does itlB is *,ong suggests'that she nothfng but nothing, fir ;;1i;irgt i',igrrt nát be h¿ppy ii she didn't' c is wrong because he

;;;#i;i;;;uout

z

u""'"

A ís correct because he thinks a National Health Service is more important. B is wrong because he doesn't mention money. C is wrong because he doesn't oiticise tÁl'*rv il i"áirr. ao¡¿.:i'¡s wrong because he doesn't

imply thqt itis

-3

a

waste of time, just rather pointless'

A is correct because it does everything it is supposed ' ' to do. B is wrong because he doásn'i mention anything about free timelC is wrong because there is no comparison made betweeñ what he thought it would

¡" fi[" ,rA what it is like' D is wrong

4

5 '

because there is

a bit of a fuss when you put in chopsticks and coffee grou nds. E is correct because he talks about only attempting this when his wife is out of the house. A is wrong because he isn't irritated so rnuch as horrified' B is wrong, because he isnlt mending the machine for his wife' but because he himself has been playing with it' D is wrong because, 4lthough he tries a wider variety of garbage'

&3ses o§ §a«weu

I

The words

'

4

2

mrxd gro

tow

and foe have

the same pronunciation * it's

fá give sameone a tow means to tow their car for them'

familiar with the construction have/get something done,so this should be revision'

You should be

have b get c got

a

3

d

had e haslgets f get

Go is often tested in PaPer

l.

with b in for ( on d over/through g off h with i without j off out f

e

a down

for

be spent on = go on = go out fetch = go for

g[[

enter {a-competition) = go in for become ill witt¡ = go down with

explode = go off match = go with go sour = go off

.

manage wilhout = go without Remember to count the number of words you write' lt must be between three and eight words'

4

Some of these phrases are put in for humorous effect'

a I don't want to start being too serious here b a volcano-like eruPtion t presumably. now dead and a skeleton a some young dYnamic father ; ;t;"r;"ra"tr,íng, about American household life that f

ge*

At[, is What you have on your foot' A chiropodist is someoné who looks after feet' The first driver doesn't want to mend the vehicle himself'

competition. D.ii wrong becauie there is no mention of

6

qo171

Cartoons which play on words are popular in English'

he doesn't saY it should take it' A is correct bácause they make children feel lintimidxed. B is *rong b".urte the incidents do not actually happen' C is wrong because there is no

rqal arguments. il B is coirect because effusive means enthusiastic' A wrong C is home' his of critical isn't he because wrong becau-se nostalgic means thinking fondly about the past and he is iatking about the present' D is wrong 'b".rut" he isn't angry about anything'

pages

are talien for granted l'll let you know what haPPens

ANSWERS AND RECORDING SCRIPTS

.l

t promotion has gone to Penny Stone's z went / kept goiñg over and over {again) in his 3 went on record as saYing + *rt (ever) allowed tá gJto waste / (ever) went to waste

5

didn't (always) go off at a tangent

6 make a go of her business

in sPite

2

Corpus spot This exercise is error correction. The sentences contain common student errors. Refer to the appropriate Crammar folder if you need further help.

á, Ái it b,,1

c

rjvás''á wét,orening;r,l ,Etáyád

W.e woü ld,,llkertó

h a p pe n

ed.

!t,would,,be eaiie¡ rto'de,ci'de,.if my.son wérélwairhere.

.,

r,my -e¡¿r¡1

1,¡¡5-

trr¡,*6f;'

:

r,

,,

,1

g r:,Fls,vyorth'E¡49ál¡ve orr s.üch á,lévélrdaÍ,,

h ,Myfá,milÍ,co.nllstia[:iix

béoplé,,, ,,

,

, , ,,ir ,,,

i ,I:Thát isira rn|srtakerl:éftel,.rt,lá,ke¡¡,,¡rt':1,¡,u:,

'', ,',,l

j

,

'

r; IYo,urhalif ,?¡qllJeg i,cutti,n§;,r,rr. ,' , ¡,, '., k ; l, suggest,-4o,ilgit,irnmediately":,, ,r' r ",,,1, ' :' | ,'This,tea- ii,thé,'b¿ttér,of,the':twor "', ," ", " m correct

,,, ,

,

suffer less stressl That's right, Terry. They are happier as a result and their immune systems work more efliciently.

long time.

p

I cóngratu!átre

r

t 5

,

I

,

tor,óil hAii¡g gót r: oá, áéÍtirg

wish it would stop raining.

Yóú can reat as soon as,,d,ji ngt,is lfeády.

,

;,

Oscar Wilde taking a lobster on a lead for walks and that American-Indian guy who spends his tife walking backwards. Oh, and, of course, we all know nowadays from new research that this sort ofbehaviour has nothing in common with what used to be called lunacy. But it was a bit of an e)¡e-opener that eccentrics are renowned for their lon&evit)r. The book reckons that eccentrics dont repress their inner nature and therefore

Dr Morris:

n, My!I&!E4gUú§,upto,dáté;,,,,,,,,¡.,,l:,r1,'1,, o,'I háve.'béeili wá nting l háve viiarnrted rto,méét yo u for a

q

:

Recording script ',281

d,,onlyrby.:Iisteningiotently,,rvü! it;ilnging,

f lrháV-é

,

Terry: Dr Morris, thanks for lending me that book on eccentricity. I really enjoyed it - especially that bit abour

He is alreadv here.

e,,,

the questions and answer the task.

r'3 aA ,:D +C 5C

atihó*e.

know éVé,ÍVthing,thát, ha,s

Read through

ma rried.

,

A,mán,came into the compa¡tment !orqhéik the tickets. Remember to read the whole text before you do the

An1.way, what I've always believed is that human behaviour ranges from absolute conformit¡ at the normal end of the spectrum, to utterly bizarre nonconformity at the opposite end. Though exactl)¡ how much deviation from the norm it takes to qualify as a true eccentric is a bit ofa vexed point. Terry: So, actually we are all eccentrics to a greater or lesser extent?

answers.

Dr Morris: That

seems to be right. The question of what is normality is pretty personal. We have all had the

r ordár ,,,ri beiore ,,,i terms' ,¿ no , i,nowháie 6 came/ turned.'t, Í,AIt,l,',,8:more,¿éther "."' i .,,r.rr r i.ir rr i irrrr-' r l

experience of talking with a friend who tells us that he just met someone with the most bizarre or risqué habit * only to hear described something which we ourselves routinely do or might wish to do. Terry: I enjoyed the chapter on innovation in the book. Eccentrics seem to be able to see problems from new and unexpected angles and they can then make has

6

Possible answer The §irt ,§,itting,,opposlté,me was

d¡:éss_é-d

,rather

stiansély

,

and l iernémbe¡,starins ahd ihink¡hgthat lhe looked

rettyrt! rrr,i b.lle, W h en,'[,golrto th é pá:rtl,,th eiéi wa s t he gi rI - she,úaE,,fiÍ:fiiend's neúrgirlfriend,,rlli wás'ie,mbarras5ed becau'se ri,had stárád,at héi iath-ei, ilitita! IÍ,áI|,th ro u gh th e p

journey.

2O.3

pages

\2-113

Listem§rxg amd §peak§Nxg 1

Possible answer I wo u d fi nd'the, ma n wh.ó,rp-lared, the prla,ctical,¡ó kes ve ry I

irritating.

imaginative leaps. So, does the man in the street always react negatively to eccentricity? Dr Morris: Well, we all love eccentrics and,yet we are profoundl), ambivalent about them. Our collective imagination is piqued by the bizarre behaviour of someone 1ike, for example, Howard Hughes, once the richest man in the world, who iived the iast days of his life like a mystical hermit. Eccentrics have thrown offthe constraints of normal life to let themselves do exactly as they please - and anyone who doesnt like it can get on with it. Terry: The book said only about one person in every 5-10,000 is a classic full-time eccentric and most exhibit traits from an early age. They seem to share five traits: being non-conforming; creative; strongly motivated by curiosity; idealistic; and obsessed by one or more hobbyhorses. Non-conformit). seems to be the principal characteristic.

ANSWERS AND RECORDI NG SCRI

PTS

Dr Morris: True, though hobbyhorses

also feature highly. There was an eighteenth-century aristocrat with a love of animals called |ack Myers. One time havoc broke loose at one ofhis dinner parties, when he appeared in fu1l hunting costume, mounted on his bear. In the ensuing panic, while his friends jumped out of windows or clambered behind chairs, Myers called out 'Ta1ly-ho' and spurred his mount, which turned impatient and ate

part of his leg.

Terry: Amazing! I think I'll

have to go into this in more

detail now.

Dr Morris: You should. I came across some new finclings recentlv that oarticioants in a studv of eccentrics were more likel). to endorse what for a better expression we call 'masical thinkine' - dreams that portend the future. déjá vu. things like that. They tend to focus their attention on their inner universe at the expense of social

or even self-care needs.

Terry: Could you lend

me that research, do you think?

Pronuncratron 3 You may come across some of the many words English has borrowed from other languages. The ones mentioned here are the most common.

Recording scr¡pt and answers "2lil instead of in lieu of to infinity / without end ad infinitum continually so as to bore someone ad nauseam pre-eminentiy par excellence something in return quid pro quo faux pas prima facie niche risqué protégé

long! Time yourself when you do the activity. You have two minutes each on your subject. ...

Possible answer -Task A Personally speaking, I think it is better to conform, as this will help your life go more smoothly. I really admire people who try to be different, who maybe donlt get mar,ried, but live together, who wear weird clothes or have strange hobbies, but in general you have fewer problems if you conform. lf youiwant to be different, then it's better to líve in a large city, like London or 5an Francisco. There, people donlt seern to mind so much that your behaviour may, be a little eccentric. lf you live in a smail village, then everyone will comment on what you do and what you wear and you might end up ostracised by the villagers. This is no way to live your life as you need as many friends as you can get. Having a strange hobby is probably not so much of a problem as not getting married or wearing funny clothes. As long, that is, as you haven't got an anti'social hobby like,keeping rats or twenty killer dogs!

Writing folder lo

in a wall,

a suitable place, sector

follower

hoi polloi

something you dislike friendly, confiding conversation the ordinary people

coup de gráce

finishing stroke

1

ln the exam, read each question carefully, to decide what

style and tone to use.

Functions

A factua I descri p-tion; specu lation; narrative B factual description; opinion C opinion; comparison; speculation

pas b

a

fau¡

e

tete á tété

h

béte noire

rf

in

lieü c nom

rad náuseam I

de

plume d

adrinfinitum

2

you have learned during the course, which might be relevant to these tasks. 5uggested answers

A

C D

E

ANSWERS AN D RECORDING SCRIPTS

l

This activity should remind you of some of the vocabulary

risqué g ,cul-de-sac

i

description; opinlon; evaluation Style and tone A should be light-hearted, as this is requested. B should be fairly serious. C (letter) should be formal; could be fairl¡¿ light (anecdotal) or more serious. D could be either, depending on the set book. E (letter) should be formal and polite.

B

4

pases .¡,4175

Pmr* p &rt§e§cs axxd Le*&ers

D evaluation; opinion

disturbance street open at one end only small group of people not welcoming to outsiders pseudonym used when writing

nom de plume

the information in your book. Hesitating, as long it isn't for too

is in English, is acceptable, as long as

E

a

béte noire téte á téte

it

at first sight

racy - usuallyjokes someone you have under your wing /

cul-de-sac clique

Read as

a mistake recess

fracas

5

u ng, historic, likelihood, multiplicity, unknown, venture emissions, expansion, global warming, impinge, intolera ble, jud icíous, m u ltiplicity, perspective, tendency, trend, wipe out birthrate, bread-winner, code, domesticity, historic, intolerable, likelihood, morals, patriarch, rules, stress, trend, unemployment code, denouement, exhilarating, judicious, morals, perspective, plot, rules, tendency, trend, unmistakable context, denouement, judicious, plot, unmistakable

adventu re, exhila rating, expa nsion, far-fl

will not have time in the exam to write a rough copy first. Always make a paragraph plan before you start writing your answer.

Writ§mg

You

Choose one of the tasks on page 1l4and

5

follow the

instructions on timing and all the other advice given on PaSe 175.

Units 17-20 Revision pages T6-177 The aim of this revision unit is to focus on the language covered in Units l7-zo,and earlier, and to provide support for

the Part z letter

(see

Writing folder ro). Specific exam practice

is provided on Paper r, Parts

t,z

Crossword

and 4. These Paper r tasks

This includes some of the idioms, phrasal verbs and other

could be done as a timed test of 3o minutes.

vocabulary from Units r7-zo.

l,Jse

of

Engtrish

1

i:it¡t:§:illll:ii titaiiiti§i::iiiil§.iqi:iiiu§i:gllr:ril§r:&:':i:::Il§ll::l::q:'alr:ll::irl:iiil:rir:'

.

l

2

3

iiiiiiit&¡th:tl:iriñtrllit§i§§¡§$r§§n:a:iryi§gi:i:::l4i}§l§ii,,r§rwhether

\focabulary 4

l§!uieliili:i iiñ§:i:iiilii§§ññssii:lstilisilit1§:r:.§&ii§!ve

ANSWERS AN

D

RECORDINC SCRIPTS

CANNBRIDGE ENGLISH The Cambridge English Corpus is a multi-billion word collection of written and spoken English. lt includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a unique bank of exam candidate papers. Our authors study the Corpus to see how English is really used, and to identify typical learner mistakes. This means that Cambridge materials help students to avoid mistakes, and you can be confident the language taught is useful, natural and fully up to date.

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