Riverfront Development

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Riverfront Development Conference Paper · November 2016

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[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 1

Theme: Framework for Riverfront Development AIM: To formulate the framework for Riverfront development as a Socio-Interactive space. OBJECTIVE:   

Explore network of public spaces that attract both citizens and tourist to riverfront. Identify the various needs of socio cultural response to recreational use . Identify issues and related problems of socio interactive spaces.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY: A rational public space design for both social and ecological benefits, as well as integration of coastal restoration construction. LIMITATION:  

Inferences drawn will be on secondary references only. Limiting to a typology of socio interactive space for a riverfront.

METHODOLOGY: A) LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Design Strategies (Riverfront Development – Kanakapura) by A.R.Alagarsamy, CEPT, AHMADABAD & Analysis 2. Design Strategies (YAMUNA Riverfront development Zone ‘O’ by Mrs.Savita Bhandari, Additional Commissioner, Landscape and Environmental Planning Deptt, DDA) & Analysis B) DATA SYNTHESIS  

Riverfront as breathing space with meaningful socio interactive spaces Case studies of successful riverfronts with significant public open spaces: Sabarmati, Ahmadabad

C) FINDINGS: 

Functions of Riverfront

D) PROPOSALS  

Issues & Constrains for public spaces on riverfront. Planning strategies for public spaces on riverfront.

E) CONCLUSIONS F) REFERENCES G) BIBLIOGRAPHY

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[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 2 ABSTRACT: - People are drawn to water. Human interaction with water is foremost feature that calls for riverfront development. People have a strong desire to feel it, reach it; and thus it becomes very important that approach to water should be given, public space production along the river shore should be primary purpose. This paper focused to develop a set of guidelines that contribute to the establishment of socio interactive spaces at riverfront. Research will also explore on current riverfront developments and notion of place identity and place making by the development of recreational spaces. Different case studies and their analysis will provide the strategies of a successful riverfront with meaningful socio interactive spaces. From the synthesis of findings a set of design attributes are framed. Keywords: Riverfront, socio interactive, environment, spaces 1. INTRODUCTION: “People in cities wants a riverfront as a place of public enjoyment. They seek riverfront where there is enormous visual and physical eye catching sites remain all day the throughout. People also want riverfront to serve many purposes and a place that contributes to the quality of daily life in all of its aspect-economic ,social and cultural” Riverfront Development (KANAKAPURA)

REPORT

AUTHOR:A.R.Alagarsamy ,CEPT,AHMADABAD(M-PLAN STUDENT) 1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW- 1 AIM OF THE STUDY:-To improve the natural environment and support economic growth OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report would be to transform riverfront of Kanakpura into a socio interactive space equipped with certain facilities for entertainment and recreation to serve the city. DESIGN STRATEGIES  Creating multiple destinations, connecting destinations and optimizing public access so riverfront is designed with walkways, recreational parks, and fountains etc. for interaction purpose.  Connecting public open spaces with a continuous riverfront trail to link destinations and serve as a destination for walking, jogging and other related purposes.  Constructing socio interactive spaces, for this the area is basically divided into six sections.      

Section1 lies in remote area so maximum area is utilized for agriculture purposes and creating green belts with Walkways and open spaces added on the edge of this stream. Section 2 is the township of Kanakpura; where the significant element is its agriculture wells. Section 3 marks the convergence Point of River Arkavathi with River Suvarnamukhi. Approximately 13% of this section is used as open spaces, 1% is for public place and the remaining area is for agriculture land. Section 4 is categorized as major urban settlement with major public spaces as its limelight. Proposal provided for this section is approximately 16% open spaces and 13%for public spaces. Section 5 is developed in a well-planned manner. Community parks are provided in this section. Exhibition Center, Roller Skaters Ground is the proposal for this section. Section 6 is the proposed site for Solid Waste and Sewage Treatment Plant. 2

[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 3 ANALYSIS 

   

Implementation of this riverfront projects was driven towards investment needs rather than for recreational needs like the sections involving agriculture lands which is a beneficial part for the community. Alternate way of transportation to the road infrastructure is provided through linkage of water. Public private partnership is exercised for creating recreational spaces like community parks etc. for commercial development. Handicraft markets are proposed to make the project economically viable as well as beneficial for its user group. All the aspects of riverfront development are possible only when water of the river is clean and toxic wastage or sewerage water is not mixed with the river water.

YAMUNA Riverfront development Zone ‘O’

PROPOSAL

AUTHOR:-Mrs.Savita Bhandari,Additional Commissioner, Landscape and Environmental Planning Deptt,DDA

1.2 Literature Review 2 PROPOSAL: YAMUNA Riverfront development1 Zone ‘O’ by Mrs.Savita Bhandari, Additional Commissioner, Landscape and Environmental Planning Deptt, DDA AIM OF THE STUDY: To conserve, protect and restore the Biodiversity of Yamuna River by Public Recreation spaces that the city needs in framework of Zonal Development of Zone O. OBJECTIVE: To reestablish the river’s eco system so that people start using river for commuting or recreation purpose; to protect the people and city activities from the floods and havoc of river. DESIGN STRATEGIES: 

Active recreational facilities go hand in hand with passive recreation.



Connecting all three zones (Protective biodiversity zone, Interactive biodiversity zone, Public recreational zone) with green linkage system, which act as wildlife movement corridor.



Develop an active corridor for recreation and leisure by adopting the concept of mixed land uses including Commercial, Residential and Institutional uses. These would house open facilities like playgrounds, theme parks and would be treated as open recreational spaces that can be used by public residing in the city. Introducing major concept as walk by treating it as showcase for the river.

 1

Darshini Mahadevia: Inside the Transforming Urban Asia: Processes, Policies, and Public Actions From labour to leisure: Transformation of Yamuna riverbed p404

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ANALYSIS    

 

Making the concrete riverfront like Ahmedabad would not be feasible here as Yamuna River is extremely vulnerable to floods. This kind of riverfront development basically changes the ecological and social space of the river altering it into an urban commercial space rather than a natural, cultural, social and ecological landscape. The floodplains have been developed to make pathways and real estate commercial projects. The need to conserve the 52-km stretch of the Yamuna in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh as ‘conservation zone’ and restoring the river’s ecological functions is also stressed. This is possible only by keeping a strict check on environmental flow that passes through this stretch, especially in the lean season. The project involves developing infrastructural and recreational facilities like parks, Yoga centers, picnic spots, golf course, sports centers, polo grounds, etc. on Yamuna plains. The project does not lay emphasis on sustaining, cleaning, and rejuvenation of the river.

2. DATA SYNTHESIS “A riverfront is a significant resource and a challenging opportunity for a city; a chance to be an escape valve for the pressure-cooker of crowded city life, a chance to be a bright, breathing edge of city living and can be achieved by providing meaningful interactive spaces.”Arthur Cotton Moor

RIVERFRONT AS MEANINGFUL SOCIO INTERACTIVE SPACE  The impact that public spaces on a riverfront have can be seen in an area’s development in economy, people’s health, recreational & tourism activities.  Promotes human contact and social activities. At riverfront such spaces establish water’s edge that is continuous, publicly accessible and magnificent. 4

[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 5  It utilizes city streets to create green corridors and provide valuable connections to the riverfront.  A continuous riverfront trail not only connects public open spaces but also links destinations and serves as a platform for walking, jogging and other related purposes. 2.1 CASE STUDY OF SUCCESSFUL RIVERFRONT WITH SIGNIFICANT SOCIO INTERACTIVE SPACES SABARMATI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT, AHMADABAD CITY, INDIA Aim of The study: SRFD Project has been conceptualized as an urban project to significantly improve the habitat, structure and conditions of the river and adjoining areas. Objectives: Social Infrastructure: it includes formation of public spaces, parks and provision of socio-cultural facilities for the city. Design Strategies: The Riverfront Development reclaims the Sabarmati2 banks publicly accessible.  The project has provided more than ten kilometers of continuous pedestrian promenade on each bank and has also made public Ghats available for direct access to the water.  85% of riverfront land has been proposed for public infrastructure, recreational parks, plazas, sports facilities, and gardens.  Introduction of civic and cultural institutions like museums, exhibition spaces, monuments, performance venues, has significantly enhanced the availability of civic amenities.  SRFD has also focused to upgrade iconic informal markets, and to create Vibrant new spaces for Residents and Tourists. EAST PROMENADE

WEST PROMENADE

KITE FLYING KITE FLYING

LOWER PROMENADE

2 Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Timpledon Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project

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RIVER PROMENADE3 

A key element of the project is a new linear two-level promenade. The lower promenade having a minimum width of 10 meters lies just above the water level, providing uninterrupted pedestrian access to the water.

The upper promenade hosts a variety of public buildings, cultural and educational institutions, public

PUBLIC WASHROOM

BOATING STATIONS

EAST PROMENADE

parks and plazas and commercial development.

GHATS WEST PROMONADE

BOATING STATION LOWER PROMONADE

CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

WALKWAY

PARKS & PLAZAS 

 

The project has used more than RIVERFRONT PARK RIVERFRONT PARK a quarter areas for creating public spaces in the heart of AMUSEMENT the city. PARK PLAZA Elements include public parks and gardens to urban PLAZA forests and shaded plazas RIVERFRONT PARK The parks will help improve livability in the neighborhoods and also provide the city with much needed green spaces and breathing space from the dense built environment. Whereas the Plazas will provide public places for social gatherings and informal activities.

FLOWER GARDEN

CONTINUOUS SITTING

RIVERFRONT PARKS 3

RIVERFRONT PARKS

SUBHASH BRIDGE

Advances in Landscape Architecture", by Murat Özyavuz , ISBN 978-953-51-1167-2, Published: July 1, 2013,Chapter 7

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[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 7

  

STREETS The SRFD streets have been constructed to serve as effective movement conduits. The SRFD streets run parallel to the river on both banks thus providing continuous access to the riverfront development. All SRFD streets have dedicated pedestrian paths with parking bays, cycle tracks and 6 m wide carriageways.

SPORTS ACTIVITY

STREETS

SPORTS FACILITIES Sports facilities will be beneficial keeping in mind the location and surrounding SHAHPUR SPORTS area.

SPORTS GROUND PALDI SPORTS

AMENITIES RIVERFRONT MARKET: The market provides selected vending areas with 1,641 vendor platforms, seating areas, paved walkways, food streets, parking of vehicles and four public washrooms.

RIVERFRONT MARKET EXHIBITION CENTRE

EVENTS GROUND BOATING STATION

EXHIBITION CENTRE: the riverfront will host trade-fair facilities to serve the business community. EVENTS GROUND: will offer venues for holding planned events of local and national importance. LAUNDRY CAMPUS: provides facilities for the washing community as traditionally riverbanks were used for laundering. INTEGRATED OUTDOOR VENDING AREAS: Provision on all along the length of the project, will accommodate street vendors so they too benefit from the project

EXHIBITION CENTRE

EVENTS GROUND

LAUNDARY SPACE

ANALYSIS: 

Riverfront development shouldn't be about just beauty and aesthetics but should address 7

[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 8

  

issues of environment and ecology. SRFD project focus is to create leisure and recreation but basically it is helping to replace a dynamic living water system with a constant modern concrete canvas. The project will reduce the riverbed from a variable width of 600-300 m to a fixed width of 275m. Instead of concretizing the entire area, an option of both hard & soft land, some bricked up and some left as an open expanse, which at times would be flooded and occasionally dry and retained, would create an ever changing dynamic picture with the river as the focal point.

PROMENADE

FLEA MARKET

3. KEY FINDINGS: FUNCTIONS OF RIVERFRONT AS SOCIO INTERACTIVE BREATHING SPACE Public space - Riverfronts are public spaces. The city people can use them for a variety of activities, like a festive gathering place, a variety of recreation resources (active as well as passive) or for some mixed use, be it residential, retail, a city landmark etc. Recreation/Fitness - They could be used as space for cycling, jogging or other activities that require open areas. It can also be utilized for some passive activities or fishing and boating are. These activities will serve a threefold purpose – provide recreation, create a healthier environment and thus keep people fit and healthy. Tourism - Tourism improves the economic wealth of the city. The rejuvenated and re-energized riverfronts will attract more visitors. Cities developed them as destinations to expand their tourism industry. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO INTERACTVE SPACE

Life

Business

Environment

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[RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 9 4. PROPOSAL FOR PUBLIC SPACE:

4.1) KEY ISSUES FOR RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT ARE: History and Location – Each riverfront comes with a different context and history. Historic buildings can be restored; forms can be achieved by using various historical as well as from architectural features and can be thus used symbolically as signage, sculpture etc. Environmental issues –Socio Interactive areas demands huge amount of construction and accommodating greater number of people on the site led to environmental issue Interaction with the river has become important for planning of sustainable development. This can be tackled by selecting the heights, materials used for building, native plants for landscaping, reusing disturbed areas and building within the context. Public Accessibility - People are drawn to water. Human interaction with water is foremost feature that calls for riverfront development. People have a strong desire to feel it, reach it; and thus it becomes very important that accessibility to water should be given. To achieve these objective walkways, trails and benches are provided as they give people a opportunity to be either in the river or near it. An effective or fruitful riverfront having active use can be achieved if multiple entry points to the river are available. Walkways are important as they define the movement pattern on the site. They are also physical pedestrian linkages between different parts of the site. Visual connectivity - The building layouts and structures should be designed in a way so as to not block views of the river. The presence and view of the river from various locations on the site not only help in achieving a successful project but also help in developing the surroundings Riverfront Use – Newer developments should be done keeping in mind the ongoing activities like repair yards, boating, fishing etc. as these traditional activities provide a character to the river. New activities should be incorporated to have a fresh mix of tasks which can attract tourists as well as regular crowd.

FISHING ACTIVITY

LIABILITY TOWARDS RIVERFRONT

BANK STABILIZATION

Liability - Building constructed near water can pose a major risk for people. Certain liabilities like falling in the river while using walkways that have no railing, drowning etc. come with the package. Education / Interpretation – Traditionally, most of the cities have been known to have a river. Riverfront redevelopment is a great way of educating the residents and visitors about the city’s cultural heritage. Restoring old structures to new uses like museums or the river edge itself also offers a way for bringing people closer to natural sites

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1 [RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 0 PLANNING STRATEGIES OF SOCIO INTERACTIVE SPACES AT RIVERFRONT:

DESIGN ASPECT

STRATEGIES

DESIGN GUIDELINES

Physical Access

Physical access to the riverfront improved via key access points.

Dedicated, safe and interesting pedestrians and bicycle routes

Spatial and visual access

Reconfiguration of nodes and connections improve the semilattice like structure of the city.

Continue existing routes to the riverfront and control building setbacks and height in proximity of the river.

Vertical Access

Vertical access points integrated with water taxi stops distributed along the riverfront at key points.

Steps and ramps

Connectivity

Connectivity to, along and cross the river.

Connectivity may be lateral, longitudinal or vertical achieved by paths, bridges and types of gradients.

Corridor continuity

Ensure path continuity along the river to achieve an ideal situation.

The promenade along the river must be publically accessible at all times and building along the river must be setback sufficiently to accommodate the flow of people.

Vistas

De cluttering and enhancing existing routes to the riverfront.

Enhancing key routes to the riverfront with sufficient footpath width and uncluttered roads with clear views to the river

Greenways

Strategic planting of trees and new green spaces

Planning new boulevards and green spaces to improve the open space network.

Landmarks

Developed a landmark typology in terms of major and minor.

Locate landmarks at strategic and focal points where required that they may be noticed by people from near and far to suit different scales.

OTHER ASPECT S

CONNECTIVITY

ACCESSIBILITY

4.2)

DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS

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1 [RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMETNT] 1

5.

Amenity

Diversity of uses

Allot suitable land uses to infill developments considering adjacent land uses.

Character and identity

Maintain enhance character

Local identity, elements should be in the form of architectural details, sculptures etc.

and local

CONCLUSION The framework required for a successful riverfront should have:    

Multiple activities in different zones along riverfront. All the sectors of urban activities (economic-productive, residential, pertaining to culture and leisure, mobility), should be properly mixed River front should be developed keeping in mind previous and original uses for these zones with the purpose of keeping alive the memory of such unusual aspects, and preserving old identity of these places. A road map of all routes that facilitate and develop interaction between different activities rather than separating them. The side by side development of ‘public and private’ is referring to functions (government offices, museums etc), spaces (plazas, roads, parks etc) and the actors managing the services on the riverfront.

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