Robotic Nursing

RAJKUMARI MARIT KAUR COLLEGE OF NURSING

TOPIC : ROBOTIC NURSING

INTRODUCTION  Human nurses can have peace of mind. Their jobs are secure but a little help has come to the rescue to do most of the boring nursing tasks for them. Robot nurse helps nurses in hospitals.  She has face recognition(camera), voice recognition(microphone) arms and hands. She talks (speaker) with the patient, doctor and nurses in 8 human languages.  Another responsibility is talking with those patient who do not have any visitors. She is their company, just carry on the conversation and make them happy  The nursing robot system is designed to serve bedridden patients by performing simple services such as operating electrical appliances or bringing patient’s bedside according to the patients spoken request.  The nursing robot, however , is not supposed to apply any medical treatment to the patient. The workplace of such a robot would be usually confined to one room, either in a hospital or in the patient’s room.  This definition is important, since the constant presence of the patient as a supervisor for the robots activity greatly facilitates them.

WHAT IS ROBOT: A-reprogrammable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to make material , parts, tools or specialized devices through various programmed motion for the performance of a variety of tasks.

CHRACTERISTICS OF ROBOT  MOBILITY:

It possesses some from of mobility

 PROGRAMMABILITY: It can be programmed to accomplish a large variety of tasks. After being programmed, it operates automatically.

 SENSORS: able to sense the environment and give the useful feedback to the device.  MECHANICAL CAPABILITY: Enabling it to act on its environment rather than merely functions as a data processing or computational device(a robot is a machine).  FLEXIBILITY: It can operate using a range of programs and transports material in a variety of ways. HISTROY OF ROBOT :  The word robot from the word ROBOTA meaning compulsory LABOR

 Defined by the robotic institutes of America as a machine in the from of a human being that performs the mechanical functions of a human being but lacks sensitivity ..  Issac Asimov further elucidated the role of robotics in 1940 through short stories. ISSAC ASIMOV’S THREE LAW OF ROBOTICS :  FIRST LAW: a robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.  SECOND LAW: a robot must obey order given it by human beings, except when such orders would conflict with the first law.  THIRD LAW: a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law

APPLICATION OF ROBOT :     

Industry Animatronics Safety Space Healthcare

ROBOTICS IN HEALTHCARE :  By 2050 one in four people in the world will be over the age of 65. The NHS will be unable to cope with the likely increases in chronic illness.  To meet these challenges, health and local authority services must reconfigure, placing greater emphasis on community care and the effective use of technology. One promising technology is robotics. ROBOTICS :  Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition.  Robotics is related to electronics, mechanics and software.  The term robotics was coined by Issac Asimov in 1941 . WHY ROBOTICS?  Compared with humans, robots are quicker to train, cheaper to maintain, easier to refuel and repair and less prone to be bored by repetitive tasks.  They could help the elderly and chronically ill to remain independent, reducing the need for careers and the demand for care homes.

ADVANTAGES :  Addressing cognitive decline: for example reminding patient to drink, take medicine or of an appointment.  Enabling patients and caregivers to interact thereby reducing the frequency of personal visits  Collecting data and monitoring patients, emergencies such as heart failure and high blood sugar level , could be avoided.

 Assisting people with domestic tasks- many give up independent living because of arthritis.  Accuracy: robot once instructed can perform a task without fatigue and with accuracy, even after long hour of operation 1.Help with heavy lifting : Caregiver injuries are common and lead to missed work for the caregiver and sometimes leaves an older adult without a caregiver. 2. Serve as a communication tool : Technology is changing at record speeds.. If an older adult can’t (because of low vision or dementia, for example) or doesn’t want to learn to use the latest machine, they can simply ask the robot to serve that function. Imagine: “Robot, call my daughter,” and the robot makes the connection with Skype or FaceTime-type technology. 3. Provide reminders : To take medications, go to appointments, eat, exercise, and anything else relevant to each individual person. Sure, people make lists but too often they forget to check them. 4. Help with monitoring : Home monitoring has proven benefits in diseases such as heart failure and diabetes. Robots might monitor many medical conditions and relay that data back to a nurse or doctor who could then have a more informed meeting — in person, or via robo-chat — with the patient. 5. Preserve dignity : People find help with toileting humiliating – bad if from a stranger, often worse from a family member. 6. Promote independence : A robot that helped with basic chores might delay or diminish the need for unwanted human help. 7.Decrease burden on family and friends : Many of my patients report that their greatest source of distress is the burden they feel they place on their families. If robots could help so that families spent more time enjoying each other’s company, 8. Fill care gaps : Many humans avoid the very old and even the most devoted family and friends have other things to attend to. 9. Offer endless patience : When a person has dementia, they often ask the same question over and over. Most humans lose patience answering 5, 15 or 40 times. A robot doesn’t. 10. Provide companionship : This is the most controversial function of robots. But the goal is not to replace humans; it’s to SUPLLEMENT AND COMPLEMENT them. There are many underemployed humans as well as many humans in need of care, and a better solution would be to more appropriately reward, economically and socially, the very challenging work of care giving.

DISADVANTAGES :

1.COST OF THEM: Like anything else, with good comes bad. The few disadvantages the Nursebots have are what ultimately make them such a work in progress that won’t hit mass production for a little while longer. One disadvantage of Nursebots is the cost of them. Nursebots are not being produced in multiples anywhere yet. 2. SURVEILLANCE : This surveillance could lead to ethical issues of privacy. “Moreover, what if the patient agreed to take the medicine, and then forgot? Should the robot stay and monitor the patient until the medicine is taken, or is that a violation of privacy? When and how should the robot inform the doctor if anything goes wrong?” Many people will most likely have an issue with these robots monitoring a person’s daily activities on something very similar to a surveillance camera.

3.COMPARISION WITH HUMAN: One last disadvantage of the Robotic Nurses that brings great debate to this topic is the fact that many people feel a robot will never compare to a human.

USE OF ROBOTIC IN HEALTHCARE : Surgery : Procedure Treatment (pre and post) planning Simulation Guiding

RIBA: RUKEN-TRI collaboration centre for human interactive robot research (RTC) establishes as a joint collaboration project by RIKEN and Tokai rubber industries LTD (TRI) has developed a nursing care assistant robot named RIBA(robot for interactive body assistance). RIBA is the first robot that can lift up or set down a real human from or to bed or wheelchair. RIBA does not using its very strong human like arm and by novel tectile guidance method using high accuracy tectile sensors.

ROBOTIC HEALTH ASSISTANT: A robotic care giver can handle the laundry and household chores, while the patient is sleeping and the patients awakes would be greeted by kind humanlike voice. If the patient ambulatory, the robot can assist with getting the patient moving. Many elderly patients take multiple medicine allowing for mistakes in taking the right dose at night time. A caregiver robot could make sure that medicine requirement is met. for those failing eyesight, the robot could read to the them.

GIRAFFPLUS: In swenden researcher have developed an assistant called “Giraffplus” a humanoid robot that serve as a vacuum cleaner, standing mirror a video chat android that stands in for family time and doctor visists and health metrics monitor that can measure a record key variables such as a blood pressure and temperature. Giraff consists of a network of sensors which can measure blood pressure or detect if someone falls. The data then interpreted in term of activities, health and well being, such as if the person is relaxed or need to go to bed. Even can trigger alerts or reminder to a healthcare provider Giraff is a telepresence robot that can move around the home while connecting online with a caregiver or family member.researcher. At the university of Hertfordshire have been working on a social robot that collaborated with caregiver and relatives to support the elderly so they can maintain an independent life. This type of mobile service robot can be helpful in home and community care environments. Where they perform simple tasks for elderly users, such as providing mobility support and fetching or carrying item

CARE-O-BOT 4: What makes the robot unique is that they are not only focusing on physical assistance but also on social assistance. By offering stimulating and engaging in empathic interaction, they increasing social connectivity preventing social isolation and loneliness. Their care-o-bot 4 is programmed to be charming, to express emotion and to follow the rules of etiquette. The objective to remove cold exterior of a robot by introducing empathy. Using simple gesture and emotions To accomplish this a set of cartoon like eye were developed , which appear on LCD display. The robot is programmed to use these eyes to show expression related to the circumstances. If someone has forgotten to take their medicine the eyes will be look like sad and the robot will explain why.

CODY:  There is a lot that can to be done around the home or bedside to take care of the individuals. A bed bath where the nurse or family member uses a soapy sponge to clean off patients skin, can actually be an awkward social situation, making both the caregiver and patient uncomfortable.  Having a robot carrying out hygiene tasks offers huge advantages. Patient are given better privacy and independence , and nurses and caregiver who find the bed baths embarrassing are provided relief.  Cody is robotic nurse designed to give bath to elderly.  The team at the Georgia institute of technology designed a robot which is programmed to apply gentle pressure while washing patient as a solution both to the embarrassment of receiving bathing help from another human as well as to the anticipated increase in demand of nursing services for the elderly.

HYBRID ASSISTIVE LIMB (HAL): Cyber dyne has developed the hybrid assistive limb (HAL), which is robotic exoskeleton that could greatly improve the mobility of elderly or disabled people who wear it. HAL is expected to be widely used in various application including support to assist the mobility of the elderly with muscle weakness and the people with impaired motor functions. Therefore we can expect to see robotic devices become the caregiver of the future.

ROBOTIC NURSING ASSISTANT (RONA) SYSTEM: In 2009, Hstar Technologies launched a research project designed to address the numerous technological and clinical challenges faced by such healthcare practitioners. To develop a human-safe, heavy-lifting robotic system that is useful in any clinical environment. Robotic Patient Lifting System—an autonomous robotic nursing assistant capable of helping healthcare providers maneuver and lift patients weighing up to 500 pounds

Features and Benefits

 Rona will deliver a positive increase in benefits commonly associated with traditional safe patient lifting methods, including:  Reduced incidence of clinician workplace injuries, associated workers' compensation claims and lost work time  Fewer patient falls and injuries due to improper or unsafe lifting  Improved clinician staff retention and satisfaction  Improved patient satisfaction  Increased patient referrals RONA OFFERS OTHER DISTINCT ADVANTAGES :    

Mobility and maneuverability Telepresence support Patient safety Employee injury, worker compensation, and premature retirement reduction.

Exciting Facts About Nursing Robots : Medical robots do not only exist in sci-fi movies, they are coming to healthcare. If medical professionals want to utilize them successfully and do not want to fear the loss of their jobs, they should learn more about them. Here are the most exciting medical robot facts. 1) 70% Drop in Hospital Acquired Infections due to Xenex Robot Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that in the United States 1 in every 25 patients will contract hospital acquired infections (HAIs) such as MRSA (methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus) and C. diff (Clostridium difficile), and 1 in 9 will die. The Xenex Robot might constitute the next level of hygiene. It allows for fast and effective systematic disinfection of any space within a healthcare facility. This helpful automatic tool destroys deadly

microorganisms causing HAIs by utilizing special UV disinfection methodologies. The Xenex Robot is more effective in causing cellular damage to microorganisms than other devices for disinfection, thus the number of HAIs might be more effectively reduced. Westchester Medical Center reported a 70 per cent drop in Intensive Care Unit C. diff with the use of Xenex Robots. 2) Two Belgian Hospitals “Hired” Pepper Robots as Receptionists Pepper, the 1.2 meter tall humanoid “social robot” will be “employed” as a receptionist in two Belgian hospitals. It’s a fascinating idea – because let’s be honest: there is not a single person who was not even once greeted by a grumpy receptionist during a hospital visit and got lost in a hospital floor due to information hastily provided by kind but tired nurses at the end of their shift. Pepper can recognise the human voice in 20 languages and can detect whether it is talking to a man, woman or child. Its skills enable Pepper to “work” as a receptionist in huge hospitals and to accompany visitors to the correct department so they do not get lost while trying to see their loved ones. “Social robots” such as Pepper or the smaller Nao might also be used as assistance in exercise sessions and help children overcome their fears of surgery. Thus, the monotonous and repetitive job of being a receptionist might be replaced by Pepper whose programmed smile will greet everyone in the same way, while the person behind the reception might receive a more creative task in the future. 3) By 2020, surgical robotics sales are expected to almost double to $6.4 billion What would you ask from a good fairy before undergoing an operation? You would ask for a successful procedure and the doctor being in his or her best shape, wouldn’t you? The da Vinci Surgical System does exactly this: it enables the surgeon to operate with enhanced vision, precision and control. Thus it contributes greatly to a successful procedure. This robotic system features a magnified 3D high-definition vision system and tiny wristed instruments that bend and rotate far greater than the human hand. With the da Vinci Surgical System, surgeons operate through just a few small incisions. The surgeon is 100% in control of the robotic system at all times, and he or she is able to carry out more precise operations than previously thought possible. This industry is about to boom as recently reported. 6) Bear-Shaped Robot Can Lift Patients Out of Bed 40 Times a Day Riba or Robot for Interactive Body Assistance is somewhat similar to the TUG robot, however it is rather used at homes with care patients who need assistance. Its Japanese version, the Robear is shaped as a giant, gentle bear with a cartoonish head. They both can lift and move patients in and out of bed into a wheelchair, help patients to stand, and to turn them to prevent bed sores as many times as you want. These robots not only promise to make up for the shortage of carers, but to save human personnel from having to carry out strenuous tasks, such as lifting patients out of bed 40 times a day.

CONCLUSION: The development of medical welfare robot is not necessarily harmful rather than it can be promoted since it used in providing health care services are beneficial to people with disabilities and incurable diseases. It is an important issue in nursing practice to recognize and live with advanced sciences.