Rt Film Interpretation

Technical Guideline

Technical Guideline No:

Page:

TGI-NDE02.00

1 of 33

Expiration:

None

Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation Issuing Department:

Approval:

QA/QC - Houston

Supersedes Technical Guideline:

Revision

TGI-NDE02.00 Rev. 0

1

Previous Rev. Date

Current Revision Date

5-Mar-04

15-Mar-05

Gene Nikstad

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0

PURPOSE OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINE........................................................................................ 3

2.0

TECHNICAL GUIDELINE OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................... 3

3.0

SCOPE OF APPLICATION.............................................................................................................. 3

4.0

DEFINITIONS

5.0

METHOD (PROCESS) .................................................................................................................. 3

.................................................................................................................. 3

5.1

PROCESS OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 3

5.2

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITEIS .......................................................................................... 3

5.3

PROCESS DETAIL ............................................................................................................. 5 5.3.1

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS.......................................................................... 5

5.3.2

EVALUATION CHECKLIST ................................................................................... 5

5.3.3

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE DOCUMENTATION REVIEW............................. 5

5.3.4

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE VERIFICATION................................................... 6

5.3.5

RADIOGRAPHIC FILM EVALUATION ................................................................ 13

5.3.6

RADIOGRAPH EVALUATION FORM REVIEW .................................................. 16

5.3.7

RADIOGRAPHIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA...................................................... 16

6.0

REFERENCES

................................................................................................................ 19

7.0

REPORTS

................................................................................................................ 19

(Table of Contents - Continued on Next Page)

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

8.0

ATTACHMENTS

Page 2 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

................................................................................................................ 19

Attachment 1 - Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist................................. 20 Attachment 2 - Radiographic Film Review Log............................................................... 21 Attachment 3 - Material Types, Group Definitions & Proper IQI Selection ..................... 22 Attachment 4 - Weld Reinforcement Tables ................................................................... 29 Attachment 5 - Location Markers Sketches .................................................................... 31 Attachment 6 - Radiographic Technique Sketches......................................................... 32 Attachment 7 - Pipe Schedule Chart.................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

1.0

PURPOSE OF TECHNICAL GUIDELINE 1.1

2.0

4.0

5.0

This purpose of this Technical Guideline is to provide specific instructions when evaluating or interpreting industrial radiographs and supporting documentation for compliance to the requirements of the applicable Codes, Standards, and Project Specifications.

TECHNICAL GUIDELINE OBJECTIVE 2.1

3.0

The objective of this Technical Guideline is to satisfy all applicable requirements pertaining to ASME Section V, Article 2, for Radiographic Film Interpretation.

SCOPE OF APPLICATION 3.1

This Technical Guideline is applicable to the radiographic film evaluation and interpretation of welds when performed by employees of Jacobs, its subsidiaries or its subcontractors.

3.2

This Technical Guideline may be utilized for the interpretation of radiographs produced in accordance with the requirements of ASME Section I, V, VIII and IX; ASME B31.1, and B31.3 Codes.

3.3

This Technical Guideline is intended to define the technical basis for the review of radiographic film and its associated documentation. The ASME Code provides flexibility in applying whichever radiographic technique, will provide the best examination results, based on the particular examination conditions encountered at the time of the examination. Once a particular technique is applied, compliance with the requirements of that technique is mandatory and the film and documentation shall be verified accordingly.

DEFINITIONS 4.1

Radiographic Quality Evaluation is the review of radiographs and supporting documentation (Radiographic Technique Sheets and Radiographic Evaluation Forms) for essential elements relative to the radiographic technique used. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the performance of the Radiographer with regards to compliance to the applicable Project Specifications, Code, and Standards.

4.2

Radiographic Film Interpretation is the determination of the acceptance or rejection of weld quality as established by the acceptance criteria of the applicable code. Radiographic interpretation shall follow the evaluation of radiographic film quality and required documentation as described above.

4.3

All other terms and definitions related to radiography shall be in accordance with the ASME Section V, Article 2, Mandatory Appendix V and Article 30 or SE-1316.

METHOD (PROCESS) 5.1

PROCESS OVERVIEW 5.1.1

5.2

The review of Radiographs and supporting documentation seeks to provide a reasonable assurance that technique sheet/evaluation form, radiographic film quality; weld, material and component quality all meet the requirement of the referencing code or standard.

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES 5.2.1

The Jacobs NDE level III Examiner/Corporate Level III has the overall responsibility for administrating the Jacobs NDE Program, including this Technical Guideline. The NDE Level III reports directly to the QA/QC Manager. Responsibilities shall include, but not be limited to: 5.2.1.1

Note:

Page 3 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

Develop NDE techniques that are consistent with industry practices and safety recommendations.

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

5.2.2

5.2.3

5.2.4

Note:

Page 4 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

5.2.1.2

Maintain the Jacobs NDE program and all Technical Guidelines for NDE methods and techniques, in compliance with all current requirements of the latest codes or standards, including applicable addenda.

5.2.1.3

Develop and administer written and practical examinations in accordance with Jacobs written practice (Technical Guidelines TGINDE-01) for all NDE methods and techniques that the Jacobs NDE program consists of.

5.2.1.4

Provide training and guidance to all Jacobs NDE personnel in the execution of their assigned duties.

5.2.1.5

Develop and administer training programs and classroom instruction, when application, for Jacobs NDE personnel, or others that may seek such training.

5.2.1.6

Administer the requirements for annual Visual Acuity Examinations for all Jacobs NDE personnel.

QA/QC Administrative Assistant - Responsibilities shall include, but not be limited to: 5.2.2.1

Maintaining the training, education, qualification and certification records of all Jacobs NDE personnel, in a current and validated manner.

5.2.2.2

Maintain the NDE Experience Logs and the Visual Acuity Examination records for all Jacobs NDE personnel in a current and valid manner.

The inspector reports to the QA/QC Supervisor and the Manager QA/QC. The Inspector is responsible for execution of the requirements of this Technical Guideline. Responsibilities shall include, but not be limited to: 5.2.3.1

Reviewing radiographs and supporting documentation for compliance with the criteria of the referencing code or standard, and this Technical Guideline.

5.2.3.2

Verifying the qualifications and certifications of NDE personnel engaged in performing and evaluating the NDE examination.

5.2.3.3

Verifying the acceptability of the NDE method and technique and approval, when required by engineering and/or client specifications.

5.2.3.4

Auditing the performance of NDE examinations for compliance with the requirements of the referencing code or standard.

5.2.3.5

Maintaining the records required by this Technical Guideline.

5.2.3.6

Maintaining current and validated Qualification and Certification Records.

5.2.3.7

Maintaining current and validated annual Visual Acuity Examination Records.

5.2.3.8

Reporting on the results of NDE Examinations.

The NDE Technician may be an employee, or under the direction of Jacobs as a subcontractor, or may be an employee, or under the direction of the Vendor/Supplier. When an employee of Jacobs, the NDE Technician will report directly to the QA/QC Supervisor and the Manager of QA/QC. Responsibilities shall include, but not be limited to:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

5.3

5.2.4.1

Performing and evaluation the NDE Examination in accordance with the referencing code or standard, and the written practices governing the NDE examination technique.

5.2.4.2

Performing the required calibration or technique verifications, to assure the acceptability and validity of the examination results.

5.2.4.3

Maintaining current and validated Qualification and Certification Records.

5.2.4.4

Maintaining current and validated annual Visual Acuity Examination Records.

5.2.4.5

Reporting on the results of NDE Examinations.

PROCESS DETAIL 5.3.1

5.3.2

5.3.3

PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS 5.3.1.1

Radiographic Film Interpretation (RFI) Personnel utilizing this Technical Guideline to perform the initial interpretation of radiographs for Code acceptance shall be qualified and certified in accordance with Jacobs Written Practice, Technical Guideline TGINDE01.00.

5.3.1.2

Certification of RFI personnel is not required if radiographs were previously interpreted by personnel that were certified in accordance with the applicable Code and/or contract requirements and the review is strictly an evaluation to verify compliance to the contract and code requirements.

5.3.1.3

Certification of RFI personnel is required when the interpretation by the radiographer is not consistent with applicable principles of radiographic interpretation and the original interpretation must be altered to reflect the correct disposition.

EVALUATION CHECKLIST 5.3.2.1

The evaluation of radiographs and the review of the radiographic examination documentation shall be performed using the Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist (Attachment 1). The checklist contains a listing of the essential items to be checked in order to verify code compliance. The checklist shall be used to assure that all attributes have been properly addressed and that the technique employed is in accordance with the applicable requirements.

5.3.2.2

The attributes that are determined to be nonconforming shall be listed as Unsatisfactory on the checklist and noted on the Radiographic Film Review Log (Attachment 2).

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE DOCUMENTATION REVIEW 5.3.3.1

Note:

Page 5 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

The radiographic technique details shall be presented along with the film for review. The radiographic film interpreter shall review and become familiar with the scope of the examination. As required by paragraph T-286 of ASME Section V, Article 2, the radiographic technique documentation shall have been completed correctly and accurately, prior to evaluation of the radiographs to verify that the proper technique has been utilized. As a minimum, the technique sheet(s) shall include the following information:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 6 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(a) Identification, e.g., job number and/or heat number, as applicable; (b) The dimensional map (if used) of marker placement in accordance with the Location Marking with a Map; (c) Number of radiographs (exposures); (d) X-Ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size; (e) Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, and weld reinforcement thickness, as applicable; (f) Minimum source-to-object distances; (g) Distance from source side of object to the film at the minimum source-to-object distance; (h) Film manufacturer and type/designation; (i) Number of films in each holder/cassette; (j) Single-or double-wall exposure; (k) Single- or double-wall viewing. 5.3.4

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE VERIFICATION 5.3.4.1

IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI) OR PENETRAMETER DESIGN (a) IQIs shall be either the hole-type or wire-type. Hole-type IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with SE1025. Wire type IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with SE-747. Hole-type IQIs shall consist of those in Table 1 of Attachment 3, and for wire-type, IQIs shall consist of those in Table 2 of Attachment 3.

5.3.4.2

GENERAL TECHNIQUE REQUIREMENTS (a) Welds - The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where accessible) and outside shall be removed by any suitable process to such a degree that the resulting radiographic image due to any irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity. (b) Surface Finish - The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with the base material or may have reasonable uniform crowns with reinforcement not to exceed that specified in the referencing Code Section (Attachment 4) or contract requirements, with referencing code requirements as a minimum. (c) Radiation Source Size – The radiographer shall have listed the X-Ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size or effective focal spot size on the Radiographic Technique Sheet.

5.3.4.3

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE CRITERIA (a) Radiographic Techniques - A single-wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography whenever practical. When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, a double-wall technique shall be used.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

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(b) Single-Wall Exposure Technique - In the single-wall technique, radiation passes through only one wall of the weld (material), which is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. (c) Double-Wall Exposure Technique - When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, one of the following double-wall techniques shall be used: (d) Single-Wall Film Viewing - For materials and for welds in components, a technique may be used in which radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (material) on the film side is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph. When complete coverage is required for circumferential welds (materials); a minimum of three exposures taken at 120° to each other shall be made. (e) Double-Wall Viewing - For materials and for welds in components 3 ½” or less in nominal outside diameter, a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and the weld (material) in both walls is viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph. (1) For double-wall viewing, only a source side IQI shall be used. Note:

Care shall be exercised to ensure that the required geometric unsharpness is not exceeded. If the geometric unsharpness cannot be met, then single-wall viewing shall be used.

(f) For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficient to separate the images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so that there is no overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of two exposures taken at 90° to each other shall be made for each joint. (g) As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned so that the images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is required, a minimum of three exposures taken at either 60° or 120° to each other shall be made for each joint. (h) Additional exposures shall be made if the required radiographic coverage cannot be obtained using the minimum number of exposures for the elliptical or superimposed techniques. 5.3.4.4

GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS (a) Geometric unsharpness of radiographs shall not exceed the following, except as permitted below.

Material Thickness (inches) Under 2 2 through 3 Over 3 trough 4 Greater than 4

UG – Maximum (inches) 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.070

Note: Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 8 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(b) Exceptions to the geometric unsharpness limitations permitted by the referencing Code Sections are listed below:

as

(1) ASME Section VIII and IX - The above geometric unsharpness requirements shall be used as a guide. Final acceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability to see the prescribed IQI image and the specified hole in the hole-type or the designated wire of a wire-type IQI. (2) ASME Section I and B31.1 - The above geometric unsharpness requirements shall be used as a guide and not for the rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 0.070-inch. (3) Radiographic examinations performed in accordance ASME B31.3 shall meet the geometrical unsharpness requirements stated in the table, above. (c) Geometric unsharpness of radiographs shall be determined in accordance with the following formula: Ug = Fd/D Where:

UG = Geometric unsharpness

F=

source size: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being radiographed, inches

Note:

When only the source dimensions (Diameter and Length) are provided on the technique sheet, the effective focal spot is determined as follows

F=

5.3.4.5

D2 + L2

D=

distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed, inches

d=

distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film, inches. Note 1

D and d shall be determined at the approximate center of the area of interest.

Note2

On double wall technique, the source side of the object is dependent on the viewing technique as shown in Figure 1 of Attachment 6.

IQI SELECTION (a) Materials - IQIs shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade as identified in Attachment 3 or from an alloy material group or grade with less radiation absorption than the material being radiographed.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 9 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(b) Welds Joining Dissimilar Materials or Welds with Dissimilar Filler Metal – When the weld metal is of an alloy group or grade that has a radiation attenuation that differs from the base material, the IQI material selection shall be based on the weld metal and be in accordance with Table 3 of Attachment 3. When the density variation limits cannot be met with one IQI, and the exceptional density area(s) is at the interface of the weld metal and the base metal, the material selection for the additional IQIs shall be based on the base material and be in accordance with Table 3 of Attachment 3. (c) Sizes - The designated hole or essential wire shall be as specified in Table 3 of Attachment 3. A thinner or thicker holetype IQI may be substituted for any section thickness listed in Table 3 of Attachment 3, provided an equivalent IQI sensitivity is maintained. 5.3.4.6

THICKNESS OF IQI (a) For Welds with Reinforcements, the thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness (Attachment 7) plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maximum permitted by the referencing code and listed in Attachment 4. Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the thickness in IQI selection. The actual measurement of the weld reinforcement is not required. (b) For Welds without Reinforcements the thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness. Backing rings or strips are not considered as part of the weld thickness in IQI selection.

5.3.4.7

REQUIRED SENSITIVITY (a) Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the designated hole-type IQI and the 2T hole, or the essential wire of a wire-type IQI. The radiographs shall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters. If the designated hole-type IQI image and 2T hole, or essential wire, do not show on any film in a multiple film technique, but do show on composite film viewing, interpretation shall be permitted only by composite film viewing.

5.3.4.8

EQUIVALENT HOLE-TYPE SENSITIVITY (a) A thinner or thicker hole-type IQI than listed in Table 3 of Attachment 3 may be substituted, for any section thickness listed in Table 3 of Attachment 3, provided the equivalent or better IQI sensitivity, as specified in Table 4 of Attachment 3, is achieved and all other requirements for radiography are met. (b) Equivalent IQI sensitivity is shown in any row of Table 4 of Attachment 3, which contains the required IQI ah hold. Better IQI sensitivity is shown in any row of Table 4 of Attachment 3, which is above the equivalent sensitivity row. If the required IQI and hole are not represented in Table 4 of Attachment 3 , the next thinner IQI row from Table 4 of Attachment 3, may be used to establish equivalent IQI sensitivity.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

5.3.4.9

Page 10 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

PLACEMENT OF IQI (S) (a) Source Side IQIs - The IQIs shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined, except for the condition described in the Film Side IQI paragraph below. (b) When, due to part or weld configuration or size, it is not practical to place the IQIs on the part or weld, the IQIs may be placed on a separate block. Separate blocks shall be made of the same or radiographically similar materials (as defined in Attachment 3) and may be used to facilitate IQI positioning. There is no restriction on the separate block thickness, provided the IQI/area-of-interest density tolerance requirements of radiographic density are met. (1) The IQI on the source side of the separate block shall be placed no closer to the film than the source side of the part being radiographed, as shown in Figure 2 of Attachment 6. (2) The separate block shall be placed as close as possible to the part being radiographed. (3) The block dimensions shall exceed the IQI dimensions such that the outline of at least three sides of the IQI image shall be visible on the radiograph. (c) Film Side IQI(s) - Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on the source side, the IQI(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter "F" shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI(s), but shall not mask the essential hole where hole-type IQIs are used or the essential wire of a wire-type. (d) IQI Placement for Welds - Hole-Type IQIs. The IQI(s) may be placed adjacent to or on the weld. The identification number(s) and, when used, the lead letter "F," shall not be in the area of interest, except when geometric configuration makes it impractical. (e) IQI Placement for Welds - Wire IQIs. The IQI(s) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to the length of the weld. The identification numbers and, when used, the lead letter "F" shall not be in the area of interest, except when geometric configuration makes it impractical.

5.3.4.10

NUMBER OF IQI (a) When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph except as outlined in the “Special Cases” criteria, below. (b) Multiple IQIs - If the density limitation and density variation requirements or radiographic density are met by using more than one IQI, one shall be representative of the lightest area of interest. The other the darkest area of interest; the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable density.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

5.3.4.11

Page 11 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

SPECIAL CASES (a) For cylindrical components where the source is placed on the axis of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 1200 apart, are required under the following conditions: (1) When the complete circumference is radiographed using one or more film holders. (2) When a section or sections of the circumference, where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span 2400 or more, is radiographed using one or more film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary IQI spacing. (b) For cylindrical components where the source is placed on the axis of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, with one placed at each end of the span of the circumference radiographed and one in the approximate center of the span, are required under the following conditions: (1) When a section of the circumference, the length of which is greater than 1200 and less than 2400, is radiographed using just one film holder. (2) When a section or sections of the circumference, where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span less than 2400, is radiographed using more than one film holder. (3) Where sections of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, an additional IQI shall be placed on each longitudinal weld at the end of the section most remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed for the cylindrical component identified above. (c)

For spherical components where the source is placed at the center of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 1200 apart, are required under the following conditions: (1) When a complete circumference is radiographed using one or more film holders. (2) When a section or sections of a circumference, where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span 2400 or more, is radiographed using one or more film holders. Additional film locations may be required to obtain necessary IQI spacing.

(d)

For spherical components where the source is placed at the center of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, with one placed at each end of the radiographed span of the circumference radiographed and one in the approximate center of the span, are required under the following conditions: (1) When a section of a circumference, the length of which is greater than 1200 and less than 2400, is radiographed using just one film holder.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 12 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(2) When a section or sections of a circumference, where the length between the ends of the outermost sections span less than 2400 is radiographed using more than one film holder.

5.3.4.12

(e)

Where other welds are radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, one additional IQI shall be placed on each other weld for the spherical components identified above.

(f)

When an array of components in a circle is radiographed, at least one IQI shall show on each component image.

(g)

In order to maintain the continuity of records involving subsequent exposures, all radiographs exhibiting IQIs that qualify the techniques permitted for cylindrical or spherical components shall be retained.

SHIMS UNDER HOLE-TYPE IQI (s) (a) For welds, a shim of material radiographically similar to the weld metal shall be placed between the part and the IQI, if needed, so that the radiographic density throughout the area of interest is no more than minus 15% from (lighter than) the radiographic density through the IQI. (b) The shim dimensions shall exceed the IQI dimensions such that the outline of at least three sides of the IQI image shall be visible on the radiograph.

5.3.4.13

LOCATION MARKERS (a) Location markers, which are to appear as radiographic images on the film, shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette. Their locations shall be marked on the surface of the part being radiographed when permitted, or on a map in a manner permitting the area of interest on the radiograph to be accurately traceable to its location on the part for the required retention period of the radiograph. Evidence shall be provided on the radiograph that the required coverage of the region being examined has been obtained. (b) Single Wall Viewing - Location Markers shall be placed as follows: (1) Source Side Markers - Source side location markers shall be used when radiographing the following:

Note:

ƒ

Joints in flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components as shown in sketch (a) of Attachment 5.

ƒ

Joints in curved components whose concave side is toward the source and when the source to material distance is less than the inside radius of the component as shown in sketch (b) of Attachment 5.

ƒ

Joints in curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source, as shown in sketch (c) of Attachment 5.

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 13 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(c ) Film Side Markers: - Film side location markers shall be used when radiographing joints in curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the source to material distance is greater than the inside radius, as shown in sketch (d) of Attachment 5. (1) As an alternate, for source side markers, film side markers may be used when the radiograph shows coverage beyond the location markers, as shown in sketch (e) of Attachment 5. When this alternate method is used, it shall be documented on the Radiographic Technique Sheet. (d) Either Side Markers. Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the "source-to-material" distance equals the inside radius of the component, as shown in sketch (f) of Attachment 5. (e) Double Wall Viewing - For double-wall viewing, at least one location marker shall be placed adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each radiograph. (f) Location marking with a Map - When inaccessibility or other limitations prevent the location of markers as stipulated for Single Wall or Double Wall Viewing, a dimensional map of the geometric arrangement including marker locations shall accompany the radiographs and shall show that full coverage has been obtained. 5.3.5

RADIOGRAPHIC FILM EVALUATION 5.3.5.1

FACILITIES FOR VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS (a) The Vendor’s/Supplier’s viewing facilities shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radiograph that interfere with the interpretation process. Equipment used to view radiographs for interpretation shall provide a variable light source sufficient for the essential IQI hole or designated wire to be visible for the specified density range. The viewing conditions shall be such that light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming through low-density portions of the radiograph does not interfere with interpretation.

5.3.5.2

DENSITOMETERS AND STEP WEDGE COMPARISON FILM (a) Either a densitometer or a step wedge comparison film shall be provided by Vendor/Supplier and used for judging film density requirements. Densitometers shall be calibrated at least every 90 days during use as follows:

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 14 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(1) A step wedge calibration film, traceable to a national standard step tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at least 1.0 through 4.0 shall be used. The step wedge calibration film shall have been verified within the last year by comparison with a national standard step tablet, unless, prior to first use, it was maintained in a light tight and waterproof sealed package as supplied by the Manufacturer. Step wedge calibration films may be used without verification for one year upon opening, provided it is within the manufacturer’s stated shelf life. (2) The densitometer manufacturer’s step-by-step instructions for the operation of the densitometer shall be followed. (3) The density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the step wedge calibration film shall be read. (4) The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than ±0.05 density units from the actual density stated on the step wedge calibration film. (b) Step Wedge Comparison Films - The Vendor’s/Supplier’s step wedge comparison films shall have been verified prior to first use, unless performed by the manufacturer, as follows: (1) The density of the steps on a step wedge comparison film shall be verified by a calibrated densitometer. (2) The step wedge comparison film is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than ± 0.1 density units from the density stated on the step wedge comparison film. (c) PERIODIC VERIFICATION (1) Densitometers - Periodic calibration verification checks shall be performed as described above, at the beginning of each shift, after 8 hours of continuous use, or after change of apertures, whichever comes first. The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings are within ±0.05 of the calibration readings determined by checking the steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the step wedge calibration film (2) Step Wedge Comparison Films - Verification checks shall be performed annually per ASME Section V, Article 2 paragraph T-262.2. (c) Documentation (1) Densitometer Calibration - Densitometer calibration readings required by checking the steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the step wedge calibration film shall be documented, but the actual readings for each step do not have to be recorded. Periodic densitometer verification checks required by T-262.3 (a) do not have to be documented.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 15 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

(2) Step Wedge Comparison Films – Step wedge calibration film verifications required by checking the steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 shall be documented, but the actual readings for each step do not have to be recorded. 5.3.5.3

ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT (a) Additional equipment may be used to aid in the interpretation process such as a magnifying glass, steel or clear rulers or magnifying comparator.

5.3.5.4

QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS (a) All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the extent that they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of the object being radiographed. Such blemishes include, but are not limited to: (1) fogging; (2) processing defects such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains; (3) scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges, or tears; (4) loss of detail due to poor screen-to-film contact; (5) false indications due to defective screens or internal faults.

5.3.5.5

RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY (a) Density Limitations - The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the appropriate hole-type IQI or adjacent to the designated wire of a wire-type IQI and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a Gamma-ray source. For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each radiograph shall have a minimum density of 1.3. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer readings. (b) Density Variations - If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the hole-type IQI or adjacent to the designated wire of a wire-type IQI, within, the minimum/maximum allowable density limitation range specified above, then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken. When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the density limitation range specified in the preceding paragraph. (c) With Shims - When shims are used with hole-type IQI’s the plus 30% density restriction of (a) above may be exceeded, and the minimum density requirements of T-282.1 do not apply for the IQI, provided the required IQI sensitivity of T-283.1 is met.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

5.3.5.6

Page 16 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

BACKSCATTER RADIATION (a) Backscatter Check - As a check on back-scattered radiation, the radiographer is responsible for attaching a lead symbol “B”, to the back of each film holder. The minimum dimensions of the “B” shall be 1/2-inch in height and 1/16-inch in thickness. (b) Excessive Scatter - If a light image of the “B” appears on the darker background of the radiograph, protection from backscatter is insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable. A dark image of the “B”, on a lighter background is not a cause for rejection.

5.3.5.7

FILM IDENTIFICATION (a) Each radiograph shall be permanently identified with the contract, component, weld or weld seam, or part numbers, as appropriate. In addition, the Manufacturer's symbol or name and the date of the radiograph shall be plainly and permanently included on the radiograph. This identification system does not necessarily require that the information appear as radiographic images. In any case, this information shall not obscure the area of interest.

5.3.6

RADIOGRAPH EVALUATION FORM REVIEW 5.3.6.1

The Vendor/Supplier shall have completed the radiographic evaluation form during the film evaluation. As a minimum, the following information shall be provided: (a) A listing of each radiograph location. (b) Evaluation and disposition of the material(s) or weld(s) examined in accordance with radiographic acceptance criteria, as applicable. (c) Name of the radiographer performing the interpretation and the date of the evaluation.

5.3.7

RADIOGRAPHIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 5.3.7.1

Unless otherwise specified by the client, specification, or contract, the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with the latest edition and addendum of the following code sections, as applicable:

5.3.7.2

Rounded Indications - The following code sections shall be consulted for the applicable Rounded Indication Criteria and Porosity charts: (a) ASME Section I – Appendix A-250 of ASME Section I, of the Boiler Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code. (b) ASME Section VIII (100% Radiography). – Part UW, Paragraph UW-51 (b) (4) and Appendix 4 of ASME Section VIII, of the BPV Code. Note:

Rounded indications are not a factor in the acceptability of welds not requiring to be fully radiographed.

(c) ASME Section IX – Part QW, Article 1, Paragraph QW-191.2.2 (b) and Appendix I.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 17 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

Note 1:

Particular close attention must be paid to the rounded indication criteria, as this code is more stringent than other referencing codes.

Note 2:

See Limitations on Radiographic Examinations for ASME Section IX criteria for radiographic examination limitations for specific P-numbers and welding processes and for applicability of acceptance criteria for welding operators and welders who qualify on production welds.

(d) ASME B31.1 - Chapter VI, Paragraph 136.4.5 (A.4) and Appendix A-250 of ASME Section I, of the BPV Code. (e) ASME B31.3 - Chapter VI, Table 341.3.2 and Section VIII, Div. 1, Appendix 4, of the BPV Code. 5.3.7.3

Elongated or Linear Indications - The following code sections shall be consulted for applicable elongated indications criteria: (a) ASME Section I, Section VIII (100% Radiography), and B31.1. (1) Indications shown on the radiographs of welds and characterized, as imperfections are unacceptable under the following conditions. (2) Any indication characterized as a crack, or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration. (3) Any other elongated indication on the radiograph, which has a length greater than: 1/4 inch for “t” up to 3/4 inch; 1/3 t for “t” from 3/4 inch to 2-1/4 inches; 3/4 inch for “t” over 2-1/4 inches. (4) Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than “t” in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group. (b) “t” shall be defined as follows: (1) ASME Section I –“t” is the thickness of the weld. (2) ASME Section VIII, -“t” is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknesses at the weld, “t” is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in “t”. (3) ASME B31.1 - “t” is the thickness of the weld. If a weld joins two members having different thicknesses at the weld, “t” is the thinner of these two thicknesses.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

7.3.7.4

Page 18 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ASME Section VIII (Spot Radiography) (a) Welds in which indications are characterized as cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or incomplete penetration shall be unacceptable. (b) Welds in which indications are characterized as slag inclusions or cavities shall be unacceptable if the length of any such indication is greater than 2/3t where “t” is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement. (c) For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknesses at the weld, “t” is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in “t”. (d) If several indications within the above limitations exist in line, the welds shall be judged acceptable if the sum of the longest dimensions of all such indications is not more than “t” in a length of 6t (or proportionately for radiographs shorter than 6t) and if the longest indications considered are separated by at least 3L of acceptable weld metal where L is the length of the longest indication. (e) The maximum length of acceptable indications shall be 3/4 inch. Any such indications shorter than 1/4 inch shall be acceptable for any plate thickness.

7.3.7.5

ASME Section IX (a) Welds shall be judged unacceptable when the radiograph exhibits any linear imperfections in excess of the limits specified below: (b) Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration; (c) Any elongated slag inclusion, which has a length greater than: 1/8 inch for “t” up to 3/8 inch, inclusive; 1/3t for “t” over 3/8 inch to 2-1/4 inches, inclusive; 3/4 inch for “t” over 2-1/4 inches; Where “t” is the thickness of the weld. (d) Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than “t” in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.

7.3.7.6

Limitations on Radiographic Examinations - Welders and welding operators making a groove weld using SMAW, SAW, GTAW, PAW, and GMAW (except short-circuiting mode) or a combination of these processes, may be qualified by radiographic examination, except for P-No. 21 through P-No. 25, P-No. 51 through P-No. 53, and P-No. 61 through P-No. 62 metals. (a)

Note:

Welders or welding operators making groove welds in P-No. 21 through P-No. 25 and P-No. 51 through P-No. 53 metals with the GTAW process may also be qualified by radiographic examination.

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

(b)

Page 19 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

Test Coupon Welds (1) The acceptance criteria for welders and welding operators, who qualify on test coupons, shall be per the ASME Section IX Rounded Indication and Elongated or Linear Indication criteria.

(c)

Production Welds (1) The acceptance criteria for welding operators who qualify on production welds shall be that specified in the referencing Code Section. (2) The acceptance criteria for welders, who qualify on production welds, shall be per the ASME Section IX Rounded Indication and Elongated or Linear Indication criteria

7.3.7.7 6.0

7.0

8.0

Note:

ASME B31.3 - Weld imperfections shall be evaluated in accordance with the acceptance criteria in Chapter VI, Table 341.3.2.

REFERENCES 6.1

Jacobs NDE Written Practice, Technical Guideline TGI-NDE01.00

6.2

ASME Section I, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.3

ASME Section V, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.4

ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.5

ASME Section IX, Latest Edition and Addenda

6.6

ASME B31.1 and B31.3 Piping Codes, Latest Edition and Addenda

REPORTS 7.1

The Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist is not required to be retained, once the Radiographs and documentation have been dispositioned on the Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Log.

7.2

The Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Log shall be retained as a quality control record, if required by project or site policy.

7.3

The Site QA/QC Supervision or the Project QA/QC Coordinator shall be responsible for maintaining the NDE records, as required, in accordance with the specific site or project requirements.

ATTACHMENTS 8.1

Attachment 1 - Radiographic Film Interpretation Review Checklist

8.2

Attachment 2 - Radiographic Film Review Log

8.3

Attachment 3 - Material Types, Group Definitions & Proper IQI Selection

8.4

Attachment 4 - Weld Reinforcement Tables

8.5

Attachment 5 - Location Markers Sketches

8.6

Attachment 6 - Radiographic Technique Sketches

8.7

Attachment 7 - Pipe Schedule Chart

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 20 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 1 - RADIOGRAPHIC FILM INTERPRETATION REVIEW CHECKLIST Report No.:

Client:

Job Location:

Project No.:

Procedure No.:

Rev. No.:

Part 1 – Verify that the technique sheet includes the following, a minimum Applicable QA Manual or P.O.

Status Acc

Item / Requirement

Procedure Ref.

The radiographic procedure employed to make the exposures shall have been reviewed and approved by Jacobs prior to start of RT activities.

5.3.5.7 (a)

Each film permanently identified with job number and or heat number, weld or weld seam ID, manufacturer’s name or symbol and date of examination.

5.3.4.13 (f) 5.3.3.1 (c) 5.3.3.1 (d)

The dimensional map of marker placement, when applicable Number of radiographs (exposures). X-Ray machine focal spot size or isotope physical source size.

5.3.3.1 (e)

Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, and weld reinforcement thickness, as applicable.

5.3.3.1 (f) 5.3.3.1 (g)

Minimum source-to-object distances. Maximum distance from source side of object to the film.

5.3.3.1 (h) & (i)

Film manufacturer, type/designation and number of films in each holder/cassette

5.3.3.1 (j) & (k)

Single-or double-wall exposure and Single- or double-wall viewing.

Part 2 – Verify that the technique set-up used is in accordance with ASME Code 5.3.4.3 (a) 5.3.4.3 d, f, g, h 5.3.4.3 e.1 & 5.3.4.9 (a)

5.3.4.9 (c) 5.3.4.4 Attachment 3 5.3.4.6 (a) & (b) 5.3.4.7 (a) & 5.3.4.8 (a) 5.3.4.9, 5.3.4.10 & 5.3.4.11 5.3.4.13 (a) 5.3.4.13 (f) 5.3.5.5 (a)

Status

Ensure that the single-wall exposure is used, whenever practical Verify full coverage of the weld. Check for the proper number of exposures for each technique used Check for Source-Side IQI except, when inaccessibility prevents hand placement If film side IQI is used, verify the use of the letter “F” Verify Geometric Unsharpness calculations & ensure applicable code compliance. Verify the IQI is the proper material for the weld and base metal being examined Verify the IQI is the proper size for the weld, with or without reinforcement (Table 3) Verify the IQI sensitivity level of the 2T hole or designated wire for all exposures and when applicable, verify equivalent sensitivity. Check for proper number of IQIs and IQI location. If separate bock is used, verify compliance with paragraphs 5.3.4.9 (b) (1), 5.3.4.9 (b) (2), and 5.3.4.9 (b) (3). Ensure that location markers are placed on the part and per paragraph 5.3.4.13 (a) Ensure the existence of map if inaccessibility prevents location marker placement. Verify density of area of interest to be within paragraph 5.3.5.5 (a), (b), and (c) limits

5.3.5.5 (b)

Density of the weld area to be within -15% to +30% of IQI density. (Without Shim)

5.3.5.5 (c)

Density of the weld area to be within -15% of IQI density to a max of 4.0 With Shim

Part 3 – Verify that the radiographic film meets the ASME Code requirements 5.3.5.1

Verify acceptability of Viewing facilities and film viewer with variable light control

5.3.5.2

Check for calibrated densitometer, step wedge comparison film, & Verification log

5.3.5.4

Check film for artifacts, fogging, or other blemishes in the area of interest.

5.3.5.6

Check for excessive backscatter radiation (light “B” image is unacceptable)

5.3.7

Status

Verify that each weld is dispositioned correctly per the applicable code acceptance criteria

Part 4 – Verify that the radiographic evaluation meets the applicable ASME Code 5.3.6.1 (a) 5.3.6.1 (b)

Check for a listing of each radiograph location Ensure that all welds examined have been properly Evaluated and dispositioned

5.3.6.1 (c)

Check for name of the radiographer performing the interpretation

5.3.6.1 (c)

Check for date of the evaluation. I Examiner/Technician

(Print Name) & (Signature)

II (Level)

Status

III (Date)

Page 1 of 1

Note:

Rej

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Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 21 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 2 - RADIOGRAPHIC FILM REVIEW LOG RT Review Log No.:

Client:

Project No.:

RT Review Checklist No.:

RT Contractor:

Project Location:

RT Procedure No.:

Type RT:

Full

Spot

Random

Rev. No.: Other

Radiographic Acceptance Criteria AWS Statically Loaded Non-Tubular C AWS i Cyclically Loaded Non-Tubular C AWS i Tubular Connections ASME B31.3 Par. 136.4,4,B

ASME B31.1 Normal Fluid Service ASME B31.1 Severe Cyclic Conditions ASME B31.1 Category D Fluid Service ASME B31.1 High Pressure

ASME Section I, Appendix A-260.4 ASME Section VIII, Art. 8 & App. 9-2 ASME Section IX, QW-195.2 Other:

RADIOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION AND FILM REVIEW RESULTS No. Welds Accepted: Pkg. # Line No.

Weld #

No. Welds Rejected: Welder Line Size

Acc

Re-shoots: Rej

Comments

Deficiencies Identified during Review Process:

I Examiner/Technician

(Print Name) & (Signature)

II (Level)

III (Date)

Page 1 of __

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 22 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 3 - MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

1.0

Penetrameter) shall be selected from either the same alloy material group or grade as identified below or from an alloy materials group with a lower radiation absorption (lower material group number) than the material being radiographed. 1.1

Material Group 03 IQI (Lowest Material Group Number): IQI shall be made of magnesium or magnesium shall be the predominant alloying constituent. Use of all alloys of which magnesium is the predominant alloying constituent. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of all other group numbers if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

1.2

Material Group 02 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03): IQI shall be made of aluminum or aluminum shall be the predominant alloying constituent. Use of all alloys of which aluminum is the predominant alloying constituent. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers 01, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

1.3

Material Group 01 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03 & 02): IQI shall be made of titanium or titanium shall be the predominant alloying constituent. Use of all alloys of which titanium is the predominant alloying constituent. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

1.4

Material Group 1 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03, 02, & 01): IQI shall be made of carbon steel or type 300 series stainless steel. Use of all carbon steel, all low-alloy steels, and all stainless steels. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

1.5

Material Group 2 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, and 1): IQI shall be made of aluminum bronze or (Alloy No. 623) or nickel-aluminum bronze (Alloy No. 630) or equivalent. Use on all aluminum bronze and all nickel-aluminum bronze. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers 3, 4, and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

1.6

Material Group 3 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, 1 and 2): IQI shall be made of nickel-chromium-iron alloy (UNS No. N06600) (Inconel). Use on all nickel-chromium-iron alloy. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group numbers 4 and 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

1.7

Material Group 4 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, 1, 2, and 3): IQI shall be made of 70 to 30 nickel-copper Alloy (Monel) or equivalent. Use on nickel, copper, all nickel-cooper series, or copper nickel series of alloys, and all brasses (copper-zinc alloys). Group 4 IQIs may be used ion leaded brasses also. Acceptable alternate uses; IQIs of this material group are acceptable for use on welds or materials of group number 5 if proper IQI sensitivity is obtained.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

1.8

Page 23 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

Material Group 5 IQI (Higher Group Number than 03, 02, 01, 1, 2, 3, and 4): IQI shall be made of bronze alloy. Use on tin bronzes including gunmetal and valve bronze, leaded tin bronzes.

Note:

Material Group No. 1 IQIs are acceptable to use on welds or materials in Material Group Numbers 2, 3, 4, and 5.

TABLE 1 HOLE-TYPE IQI DESIGNATION, THICKNESS, & HOLE DIAMETERS, in. 1T Hole

IQI Designation

IQI Thickness

Diameter

2T Hole Diameter

4T Hole Diameter

5

0.005

0.010

0.020

0.040

7

0.0075

0.010

0.020

0.040

10

0.010

0.010

0.020

0.040

12

0.0125

0.0125

0.025

0.050

15

0.015

0.015

0.030

0.060

17

0.0175

0.0175

0,035

0.070

20

0.020

0.020

0.040

0.080

25

0.025

0.025

0.050

0.100

30

0.030

0.030

0.060

0.120

35

0.035

0.035

0.070

0.140

40

0.040

0.040

0.080

0.160

45

0.045

0.045

0.090

0.180

50

0.050

0.050

0.100

0.200

60

0.060

0.060

0.120

0.240

70

0.070

0.070

0.140

0.280

80

0.080

0.080

0.160

0.320

100

0.100

0.100

0.200

0.400

120

0.120

0.120

0.240

0.480

140

0.140

0.140

0.280

0.560

160

0.160

0.160

0.320

0.640

200

0.200

0.200

0.400

•••

240

0.240

0.240

0.480

•••

280

0.280

0.280

0.560

•••

(Continued on next page)

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 24 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

TABLE 2 Set A

Set B

Wire Diameter, in.

Wire Identify

Wire Diameter, in.

Wire Identify

0.0032

1

0.010

6

0.004

2

0.013

7

0.005

3

0.016

8

0.0063

4

0.020

9

0.008

5

0.025

10

0.010

6

0.032

11

Set C

Set D

Wire Diameter, in.

Wire Identify

Wire Diameter, in.

Wire Identify

0.032

11

0.100

16

0.040

12

0.126

17

0.050

13

0.160

18

0.063

14

0.200

19

0.080

15

0.250

20

0.100

16

0.320

21

(Continued on next page)

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 25 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

TABLE 3 IQI SELECTION IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI) Film Side

Source Side

Nominal Single-Wall Material Thickness Range, In.

Hole-type Designation

Wire-Type Essential Wire

Hole-type Designation

Wire-Type Essential Wire

Up to 0.25, inclusive

12

5

10

4

Over 0.25 through 0.375

15

6

12

5

Over 0.375 though 0.50

17

7

15

6

Over 0.50 through 0.75

20

8

17

7

Over 0.75 through 1.00

25

9

20

8

Over 1.00 through 1.50

30

10

25

9

Over 1.50 through 2.00

35

11

30

10

Over 2.00 through 2.50

40

12

35

11

Over 2.50 through 4.00

50

13

40

12

Over 4.00 through 6.00

60

14

50

13

Over 6.00 through 8.00

80

16

60

14

Over 8.00 through 10.00

100

17

80

16

Over 10.00 through 12.00

120

18

100

17

Over 12.00 through 16.00

160

20

120

18

Over 16.00 through 20.00

200

21

160

20

(Continued on next page)

Note:

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Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 26 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

TABLE 4 EQUIVALENT HOLE-TYPE IQI SENSITIVITY Equivalent Hole-Type Designations

Hole-Type Designation 2T Hole 1T Hole

4T Hole

10

15

5

12

17

7

15

20

10

17

25

12

20

30

15

25

35

17

30

40

20

35

50

25

40

60

30

50

70

35

60

80

40

80

120

60

100

140

70

120

160

80

160

240

120

200

280

140

(Continued on next page)

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 27 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

(Continued on Next Page)

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 28 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

MATERIAL TYPES, GROUP DEFINITIONS & PROPER IQI SELECTION

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 29 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 4 - WELD REINFORCEMENT TABLES The following tables list the maximum weld reinforcement permitted by referencing code section: 1.0

Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME Section I (PW-35). The thickness of the weld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the following: Material Nominal Thickness (inches)

Circumferential Joints In Pipe and Tube

Other Welds

0.125” and less

0.094”

0.094”

0.126”” to 0.188”

0.125”

0.094”

0.189” to 0.500”

0.156”

0.094”

0.501” to 1.000”

0.188”

0.094”

1.001” to 2.000”

0.250”

0.125”

2.001” to 3.000”

♦

0.156”

3.001” to 4.000”

♦

0.218”

4.001” to 5.000”

♦

0.250”

Over 5.00”

♦

0.312”

♦

2.0

= Greater of 0.250” or 1/8 times the width of the weld in inches

Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME Section VIII [UW-35 (d)]. The thickness of the weld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the following: Material Nominal Thickness (inches)

Category B & C Butt Welds

Other Welds

Less than 0.094”

0.094”

0.031”

0.094” to 0.188”

0.125”

0.062”

0.189” to 0.500”

0.156”

0.094”

0.501” to 1.000”

0.188”

0.094”

1.001” to 2.000”

0.250”

0.125”

2.001” to 3.000”

0.250”

0.156”

3.001” to 4.000”

0.250”

0.218”

4.001” to 5.00o”

0.250”

0.250”

Over 5.00”

0.312”

0.312

3.0

ASME Section IX. The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness plus the estimated weld reinforcement.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

4.0

Page 30 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME B31.1 (Table 127.4.2) Thickness of Base Metal, (Inches)

Temperature Over 750ºF

Temperatures 350º to 750ºF

Temperatures Less than 350ºF

0.125” and less

0.063”

0.094”

0.188”

0.126” to 0.188”

0.063”

0.125”

0.188”

0.189” to 0.500”

0.063”

0.156”

0.188”

0.501” to 1.00”

0.94”

0.188”

0.188”

1.001” to 2.00”

0.125”

0.250”

0.250”

Over 2.00”

0.156”

♦

♦

♦ = Greater of 0.250” or 1/8 times the width of the weld in inches

General Notes:

5.0

•

For double welded butt joint, this limitation on reinforcement given above shall apply separately to both inside and outside surfaces of the joint.

•

For single welded but joints, the reinforcement limits given above shall apply to the outside surface of the joint only.

•

The thickness of weld reinforcement shall be based on the thickness of the thinner of the materials being joined.

•

The weld reinforcement thickness shall be determined from the higher of the abutting surfaces involved.

Maximum Allowable Reinforcement for ASME B31.3 (Table 341.3.2) Material Thickness

Max. Reinforcement

0.250” or Less

0.063”

0.251” to 0.500”

0.125”

0.501” to 1.00”

0.156”

Over 1.00”

0.188”

General Notes: •

For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurement made from the surfaces of the adjacent components; both reinforcement and internal protrusion are permitted in a weld.

•

For welds in aluminum alloy only, internal protrusion shall not exceed the following values: (a) For thickness ≤5/64” Max. Reinforcement shall be 1/16”. (b) For thickness ≥5/64” and ≤1/4” Max. Reinforcement shall be 3/32”.

Note:

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 31 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 5 - LOCATION MARKERS SKETCHES

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Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 32 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 6 - RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE SKETCHES

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Technical Guideline TGI-NDE02.00 Nondestructive Examination Radiographic Film Interpretation

Page 33 of 33 Rev. 0, 5-Mar-04

ATTACHMENT 7 Nominal Pipe Size

Nominal Wall Thickness

Outside Diameter Schedule

5S .125 .250 .375 .500 .750 1.000 1.250 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000 10.000 11.000 12.000 14.000 16.000 18.000 20.000 22.000 24.000 26.000 28.000 30.000 32.000 34.000 36.000 38.000 40.000

Note:

0.405 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 11.750 12.750 14.000 16.000 18.000 20.000 22.000 24.000 26.000 28.000 30.000 32.000 34.000 36.000 38.000 40.000

---0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 -0.109 0.109 -0.109 -0.134 -0.156 0.156 0.165 0.165 0.188 0.188 0.218 --0.250 ------

Extra Strong 5

10S

10

20

30

STD

40

60

0.035 0.049 0.049 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 -0.109 0.109 -0.109 -0.134 -0.156 0.156 0.165 0.165 0.188 0.188 0.218 --0.250 ------

0.049 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120 -0.134 0.134 -0.148 -0.165 -0.180 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.218 0.218 0.250 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.312 ---

0.049 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120 -0.134 0.134 -0.148 -0.165 -0.180 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.312 ---

-----------------0.250 -0.250 -0.250 0.312 0.312 0.312 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 ---

0.057 0.073 0.073 0.095 0.095 0.114 0.117 0.125 0.125 0.188 0.188 0.188 0.188

0.068 0.088 0.091 0.109 0.113 0.133 0.140 0.145 0.154 0.203 0.216 0.226 0.237 0.247 0.258 0.280 0.301 0.322 0.342 0.365 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375

0.068 0.088 0.091 0.109 0.113 0.133 0.140 0.145 0.154 0.203 0.216 0.226 0.237 -0.258 0.280 -0.322 -0.365 -0.406 0.438 0.500 0.562 0.594 -0.688 ---0.688 0.688 0.750 ---

------------0.281 ----0.406 -0.500 -0.562 0.594 0.656 0.750 0.812 0.875 0.969 ---------

0.277 -0.307 -0.330 0.375 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.500 0.562 -0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625 ---

0.095 0.119 0.126 0.147 0.154 0.179 0.191 0.200 0.218 0.276 0.300 0.318 0.337 0.355 0.375 0.432 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500

XX Strong

Schedule 80

100

120

140

160

0.095 0.119 0.126 0.147 0.154 0.179 0.191 0.200 0.218 0.276 0.300 0.318 0.337 -0.375 0.432 -0.500 -0.594 -0.688 0.750 0.844 0.938 1.031 1.125 1.219 ---------

-----------------0.594 -0.719 -0.844 0.938 1.031 1.156 1.281 1.375 1.531 ---------

------------0.438 -0.500 0.562 -0.719 -0.844 -1.000 1.094 1.219 1.375 1.500 1.625 1.812 ---------

-----------------0.812 -1.000 -1.125 1.250 1.438 1.562 1.750 1.875 2.062 ---------

---0.188 0.219 0.250 0.250 0.281 0.344 0.375 0.438 -0.531 -0.625 0.719 -0.906 -1.125 -1.312 1.406 1.594 1.781 1.969 2.125 2.344 ---------

It is the user's responsibility to verify with their supervisor that they are using the correct and/or most current revision of this document.

---0.294 0.308 0.358 0.382 0.400 0.436 0.552 0.600 -0.674 0.710 0.750 0.864 0.875 0.875 -1.000 -1.000 ---------------