Social-self-1.pptx

SOCIAL SELF RELATING HARMONIOUSLY AND PROPERLY WITH EVERYONE

PREPARED BY: ROSE LAMADRID CHICHIRITA JELAY GALLEGO EUNICE MARIE ESTRELLAN ANGEL GEE FRONDOZO DANIELLE JOYCE CHANKINGWAI

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY • The study of social relationships or interaction.

THE DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT PEOPLE

• Lahey (2007), social psychology as the branch of psychology that studies individuals as they interact with others. • Plotnikk and Kouyounmdjian (2014), social psychology is a board field whose goal is to understand and explain how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviours are influenced by the presence of, or interactions with, others.

• Gerrig and Zimbardo (2002), social psychology is the study of the effect of social factors on individual study of behaviours as influenced by interactions and transactions between persons. Interactions - mutual and reciprocal exchange of communication or action between two or more persons or groups.

Relationship – particular way in which two or more individuals, group, or even countries talk to, behave toward, or deal with each other.

PERSON PERCEPTION Refers to forming impressions and making judgements about another person’s likability after seeing or meeting him/her. The assessment involves as well what kind of person one is, including his/her intentions, traits, and behaviour. (Plotnick & Kouyoumdjian, 2014).

FIRST IMPRESSIONS are formed within a very short time with little conscious thought and biased by past experiences, are part of person perception. (Macrae and Quadflieg, 2010)

SOCIAL NORMS

Social Norms- refers to spoken or unspoken rules for behaving in particular situation. Norms- are patterns or traits characterized as typical or usual for a group and it changes overtime. -other terms associated with norms are “average” and “normal”.

TOGETHER AS A GROUP • -In social situations where people work and do things together for a purpose, two things may happen: • 1ST: the performance of each individual member of the group is improved and this is referred to as social facilitation (Levine, Resnick, & Higgins, 1993). • 2ND: working or being with a group may also reduce individual effort, a phenomenon known as social loafing. • When doing group works, it is important that the best effort is given to facilitate the attainment of the objectives of the group as a whole.

NOTE: When doing group works, it is important that the best effort is given to facilitate the attainment of the objectives of the group as a whole.

CONFORMITY brought about by two motivations: to gain reward (approval) or avoid punishment (disapproval) and to gain information.

3. Culture - Conformity occurs in all cultures. However, some cultures emphasize the welfare of the individual thus, people are less conforming. Others focus on collective welfare so people tend to be more conforming. A high degree of conformity leads to faster accomplishment of a task or work 4. Gender - In the past, females were more likely to conform than males, but research has shown that it is no longer the case (Eagly, 1978; Eagly & Johnson, 1990)

Conformity refers to yielding to group pressure to act as everyone does, even when no direct request has been made (Lahey, 2009) Some factors make conformity more likely to exist in a group (Lahey, 2009)

1. Size of the group - the more people there are in a group, the more likely a member tends to conform 2. Unanimous groups - Conformity is highest when an individual faces a group in which all members feel the same way about a topic, a problem, or an issue

SOCIAL ROLES AND SOCIAL NORMS • Social roles - specify the part or position of a person in society. It also specifies behavior expected to be exhibited by an individual in practicing his/her role.

• Sociogram - indicates the social structure of a group and the relationship of people within that group. It shows who are popular, isolates, islands, and mutual friends.

NATURE AND DEPTHS OF RELATIONSHIP • Relationships- are among the most important aspects of our lives. They can be positive or conflicted, but the lack of could be the worst of all, as it creates loneliness.

• Familiarity- refers to being comfortable with another person and is a necessary condition for a close relationship to develop • Attraction- may lead to deeper relationships (Santrock, 2003). Attraction paves the way for enjoying the company and being comfortable with other person and for feelings of ease and confidence.

• Love- is a special attachment one has for himself/herself of for somebody else. It is an intense feeling of deep or constant affection and emotion in which a person always sees the good, happiness, and welfare of the other.

Three most common kinds of love: 1.Romantic Love- also called as “passionate love”, it includes as intermingling of different emotions: fear, anger, sexual desire, joy, and jealousy among others. 2.Affectionate love- also called as “compassionate love”, a type of love that occurs when someone has deep caring affection for a person and desires to have him/her near constantly. 3.Consummate love- the strongest and fullest type of love (Sternberg, 1985). It involves passion, intimacy and commitment.

STERNBERG'S TRANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE Passion- something to do with physical and sexual attraction to another. Intimacy- characterized by the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness and sharing of the relationship. Commitment- cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain it even in the face of problems.

ATTITUDES are beliefs that predispose people to act and feel in certain ways towards people, objects, or ideas. They can either be positive or negative.

positive attitude is reflected in a happy, pleasant, or optimistic disposition. negative attitude is associated with pessimism or a general feeling of dislike.

The three distinct features of an attitude include belief, feelings, and disposition.

For example, the negative attitude of a person towards sidewalk vendors can be described by: a. a belief that sidewalk vendors are dishonest; b. a strong dislike for sidewalk vendors; and c. a refusal to buy from sidewalk vendors.

HOW ATTITUDES ORIGINATE? Attitudes of a person develop over time and have emotional components. However, they are normally acquired from two sources- first-hand experience and accounts by others. Attitudes are also learned from others through modeling and reinforcement.

Persuasion and Attitude Change

• Persuasive Communication- plays a big part in this process. The extent of change in the attitude depends on the speaker, the message, and the listener. • Stereotypes- are generalizations in which the same traits or characteristics are assumed to be possessed by all members of a group (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2002). Stereotypes affect people's dayto-day interactions and decisions.

• Prejudice- is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude or opinion towards the members of a group.

• Discrimination- is the specific unfair behaviour or treatment towards the members of a group. - against people based on their skin color or ethnic heritage is called racism while discrimination against people because of their gender is referred to as sexism.

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