Specification For Roads And Paving: Oman Refineries And Petrochemicals Company Llc Sohar, Sultanate Of Oman

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Specification for Roads and Paving

DOCUMENT No. :

S

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5

3

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1

OMAN REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICALS COMPANY LLC SOHAR, SULTANATE OF OMAN

3

13-Oct-2014

Issued for Construction

Y.J. YOO / A.MAGPALI

J.Y. KWON / K.S. CHOI

H.K. BYUN

Y.S. YI

2

17-Jul-2014

Issued for Construction

Y.J. YOO / A.MAGPALI

J.Y. KWON / K.S. CHOI

H.K. BYUN

Y.S. YI

1

01-Mar.-2012

Issued for Revised FEED

0

07-Sept.-2011

Issued for FEED

A

26-Aug.-2011

For Approval

REV

DATE

DESCRIPTION

PREPARED BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

APPROVED BY

Page 1 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

REVISION HISTORY Revision Number 2 2

2

3

Total Number of Sheets

Purpose

List of Updated/ Modified Sections (if any)

The word “CLIENT” is replaced with “OWNER” Updated reference geotechnical investigation report document. Updated standard drawing reference number: D-000-5317-001 to D-000-5310-204 D-000-5310-001 to D-000-5310-402 The title shown at the header was changed from “Specification for Earthworks” to “Specification for Road and Paving”.

1

6.0

1

Appendix-D

1 ~ 33

HOLD LIST Hold No.

Para/ Page

Description

Page 2 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4  1.1  SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................... 4  2.0  DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 4  3.0  REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 4  4.0  REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 4  4.1  SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 5  4.2  BRITISH STANDARDS .................................................................................................................. 5  4.3  AMERICAN CODES/STANDARDS ............................................................................................... 5  4.4  OTHER (AS REQUIRED) ............................................................................................................... 7  4.5  STANDARD DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................... 7  5.0  UNITS ........................................................................................................................................................ 8  6.0  SITE CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................................... 8  7.0  DESIGN PARAMETERS .......................................................................................................................... 8  7.1  GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................... 8  7.2  ROADS ........................................................................................................................................... 9  7.3  ROAD MATERIALS ..................................................................................................................... 12  7.4  YARD PAVINGS........................................................................................................................... 12  7.5  JOINTS ......................................................................................................................................... 15  7.6  CHEMICAL-RESISTANT PAVING .............................................................................................. 16  7.7  ASPHALTIC PAVING................................................................................................................... 17  7.8  LANDSCAPING............................................................................................................................ 18  7.9  UNPAVED AREAS ....................................................................................................................... 18  8.0  CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 19  8.1  FIELD MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 19  8.2  SUBGRADE ................................................................................................................................. 19  8.3  SUBBASE .................................................................................................................................... 19  8.4  BASE COURSE............................................................................................................................ 19  8.5  ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVING ............................................................................................. 20  8.6  SHOULDERS ............................................................................................................................... 23  8.7  CONCRETE PAVING ................................................................................................................... 23  8.8  BLOCKWORK PAVING ............................................................................................................... 24  8.9  UNPAVED AREAS ....................................................................................................................... 24  9.0  TOLERANCES........................................................................................................................................ 24  10.0  PROTECTION ......................................................................................................................................... 25  11.0  CLEANING .............................................................................................................................................. 25  12.0  QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL ............................................................................................. 25  12.1  GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 25  12.2  WORKMANSHIP .......................................................................................................................... 26  12.3  MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................. 26  12.4  TESTING AGENCY ...................................................................................................................... 26  12.5  FIELD TESTS AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 26  12.6  DOCUMENTATION ...................................................................................................................... 27  APPENDIX A- LIVE LOADS FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN ................................................................................ 29  APPENDIX B-AXLE LOADS ............................................................................................................................ 31  APPENDIX C-TYPICAL ROAD SECTION ....................................................................................................... 32  APPENDIX D-STANDARD DRAWINGS .......................................................................................................... 33 Page 3 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

1.0

INTRODUCTION

1.1

SCOPE

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

This specification covers the minimum requirements for the design, material and construction of roads and area paving.

2.0

DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions shall hold: Term

Definition

OWNER :

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC.

CONSULTANT :

Private or Public entity that provides the Services to the OWNER under the Contract for this project.

CONTRACTOR :

Private or Public entity responsible for Detailed Engineering and design, Procurement, Construction and (pre-) Commissioning of this project.

SUB-CONTRACTOR:

Person or entity to whom/which the Contractor subcontracts any part of the Services.

Shall:

Is to be understood as mandatory.

Should:

Is to be understood as strongly recommended.

May be:

Is to be understood as giving a freedom of choice.

3.0

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

3.1

The work covered in this specification shall comply with all relevant governmental and local laws, specifications, regulations and standards.

3.2

For subjects not covered by regulations, codes and standards or specifications, the design, material, fabrication and erection shall be based on good economical engineering practice, subject of approval by OWNER.

4.0

REFERENCES The following specifications, codes (including applicable addenda) and standards shall constitute the minimum requirements for this specification. The latest edition of codes, standards, etc., shall be used. For additional American and/or British codes see also Specification for Civil/Structural Design, document number S-000-5310-001.

Page 4 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 4.1

4.2

SPECIFICATIONS S-000-5310-001

Specification for Civil/Structural Design

S-000-5316-001

Specification for Underground Piping design

S-000-5312-002

Specification for Earth Works

S-000-5320-001

Specification for Concrete Materials and Construction

BRITISH STANDARDS BS 1377-1 thru 8 (R2010)

Methods of Testing for soils for Civil Engineering purposes

BS EN 13108-4 (2006)

Bituminous Mixtures-Material Specification-Part 4 Hot Rolled Asphalt

BS EN 13108-1 & 7 (2009)

Bituminous Mixtures-Material Specification-Part 1 Coated Asphalt Concrete, Part 7 Porous Asphalt

BS 4483 (2005)

Steel Fabric for the Reinforcement of Concrete

BS 594987 (2010)

Asphalt for roads and other paved areas - Specification for transport, laying and compaction and type testing protocols Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Determination of particle size distribution. Sieving method

BS EN 933-1 (1997)

BS EN 12591 (2009) BS EN 13108-1 (2006)

4.3

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Bitumen and bituminous binders. Specifications for paving grade bitumen’s Bituminous Mixtures. Material Specification Part 1: Asphalt concrete

AMERICAN CODES/STANDARDS ASTM C 29/C 29M (2009)

Standard Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate

ASTM C 88 (2005)

Standard Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

ASTM C 117 (2004)

Standard Test Method for Material Finer Than 75-Micrometer (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

ASTM C 131 (2006)

Standard Test Methods for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregates by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

ASTM C 136 (2006)

Standard Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM D 75/D 75M (2009)

Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

ASTM D 140/D 140M (2009)

Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials

ASTM D 242/D 242M (2009)

Standard Specification for Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ASTM D 546 (2010)

Standard Method for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Road and Paving Materials

ASTM D 946/D 946M (2009)

Standard Specification for Penetrated-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction

ASTM D 979 (2001)

Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures

Page 5 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

ASTM D 1188 (2007)

Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens

ASTM D 1556 (2007)

Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method

ASTM D 1557 (2009)

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000ft-lbf/ft3 2,700 kN-m/m3)

ASTM D 1559 (2009)

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus

ASTM D 1883 (2007)

CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory Compacted Soils

ASTM D 2026/D 2026M (1997)

Standard Specification for Cut-Back Asphalt (Slow-Curing Type)

ASTM D 2027D 2027M (2010)

Standard Specification for Cut-Back Asphalt (Medium-Curing Type)

ASTM D 2028/D 2028M (2010)

Standard Specification for Cut-Back Asphalt (Rapid-Curing, Type)

ASTM D 2172/D 2172M (2011)

Standard Test Method for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ASTM D 2397 (2005)

Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt

ASTM D 2419 (2009)

Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate

ASTM D 2489/D 2489M (2008)

Standard Test Method for Degree of Particle Coating of Bituminous-Aggregate Mixtures

ASTM D 2726 (2010)

Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens

ASTM D 2940/D 2940M (2009)

Graded Aggregate Materials for Bases or Sub-bases for Highways or Airports

ASTM Volume 04.03 (2011)

Road and Paving Materials; Vehicle-Pavement Systems

AASHTO M17 (2007)

Standard specification for mineral filler for bituminous paving mixtures Standard specification for fine aggregate for bituminous paving mixtures

AASHTO M29 (2003) AASHTO M81 (R2008)

Standard Specification for Cut-Back Asphalt (Rapid-Curing Type)

AASHTO M82 (R2008)

Cut-back Asphalt (Medium Curing Type)

AASHTO M 140 (2008) AASHTO M 147 (R2008) AASHTO M208 (R2009)

Standard Specification for Emulsified Asphalt Standard specification for aggregate and soil-aggregate subbase, bases and surface courses Standard Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt

AASHTO M226 (2008)

Standard Specification for Viscosity Graded Asphalt Cement

AASHTO T 2 (R2006)

Standard Methods of Sampling Aggregates

AASHTO T 11 (R2009)

Standard Method of Test for Materials Finer Than75-micrometers (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.

AASHTO T19M/T 19 (2009)

Interim Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate

Page 6 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

4.4

4.5

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

AASHTO T 27 (2006)

Standard Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

AASHTO T 30 (2010)

Standard Method of Test for Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregate

AASHTO T 37 (2007)

Interim Method of Test for Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Road and Paving Materials

AASHTO T 40 (2002)

Standard Method of Sampling Bituminous Materials

AASHTO T 96 (R2006)

Standard Method of Test for Resistance to Degradation of Small Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine

AASHTO T 104 (R2007)

Interim Method of Test for Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulphate or Magnesium Sulphate

AASHTO T 164 (2010)

Interim Method of Test for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures

AASHTO T 168 (R2007)

Interim Methods of Test for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures

AASHTO T 176 (2008)

Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test

AASHTO T 195 (R2007)

Standard Method of Test for Determining Degree of Particle Coating of Bituminous - Aggregate Mixtures

AASHTO T 180 (2010)

Moisture Density of Soils Using 4.54 kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457 mm (18-in) Drop

AASHTO GDPS Rev. 4 (1993)

Guide for Design of Pavement Structures

OTHER (AS REQUIRED) IBC 2009

International Building Code

BRE EP88 (2008)

Concrete Durability: Achievement and Enhancement

Oman Highway Design Manual

Ministry of Transportation and Communication - Sultanate of Oman

General Specification for Roads

Ministry of Transportation and Communication - Sultanate of Oman

Building Regulation Document No. 48/2000

Requirements for Site planning and Architectural Detailing Requirements for the Rest of Oman

STANDARD DRAWINGS For standard design details of Roads and Paving see applicable standard drawings as listed in Appendix D

4.6

In case of conflict between above-mentioned codes and standards and this specification, CONTRACTOR shall inform OWNER, who will advise.

Page 7 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 5.0

UNITS

5.1

Units shall be in accordance with the metric (SI) system:

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Elevations

:

meter (m).

Dimensions

:

millimeter (mm).

Force

:

kilo Newton (kN).

Mass

:

kilogram (kg).

Moment

:

kilo Newton meter (kNm).

Stress

:

Newton/mm² (N/mm²) or mega Pascal (MPa).

Pressure

:

kiloPascal (kPa).

Loadings

:

kiloNewton/m² (kN/m²).

5.2

For simplification purposes, one (1) kg weight may be taken as equal to 10 N (0.010 kN).

6.0

SITE CONDITIONS For Geotechnical design data, refer Geotechnical investigation report G-000-5311-201.

7.0

DESIGN PARAMETERS

7.1

GENERAL

7.1.1

Roads shall be defined as passage ways providing safe and reliable access to installations/buildings, etc., for transport means (i.e. trucks, cranes), fire-fighting equipment and other vehicles.

7.1.2

Yard paving and access (walk) ways shall not be defined as roads for the purpose of this specification. Ground floor slabs within buildings are not a part of this specification.

7.1.3

Parking areas shall be defined as areas for stationary vehicles, providing a safe area for cars and/or trucks, thus not interrupting other traffic.

7.1.4

Design shall be based on the principle that pavements generally consist of: 

A sub-grade, which is the bedding up to plant rough grade. This may be original ground or fill.



A sub-base, which is the layer of selected material placed on the sub-grade to support the base course (where required).



A base course, which is a layer of designed thickness placed on a sub-grade or sub-base to support the paving.



Surface course (paving).

Page 8 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

7.1.5

Prior to design of the paving the design strength of the sub-grade and sub-base shall be established (i.e. in terms of a CBR rating), either by tests in the (preliminary) site investigation, or using knowledge of the properties of the soil.

7.1.6

The requirement for a sub-base shall be based on the settlement behavior and/or the bearing capacity of the sub-grade (i.e. insufficient capacity to support paving and traffic without excessive deformations or maintenance during lifetime of the plant).

7.1.7

The design of the sub-base shall be based on the result of a geotechnical (soil mechanical and geohydrological) survey, including calculations and determination of the grain size distribution/silt content, plasticity index, friction properties and permeability. Average, high and the highest possible groundwater levels as well as the in-situ permeability shall also be considered

7.1.8

The distance between underside paving and (normal) high groundwater level shall not be less than: 

Main roads

:

0.75 m/1.00 m.



Plant and off-plot roads

:

0.50 m/0.75 m.



Patrol roads

:

0.30 m/0.50 m.

Where groundwater table exceeds stated levels, it shall either be lowered by means of a permanent subsoil drainage system or by raising the plant/road level. 7.1.9

Unless specified otherwise, paving for off-site and plot perimeter roads shall be of bituminous construction. Paved areas continuous with roadways may be of bituminous construction, if not subject to spillage or leakage of hydrocarbons. Otherwise concrete shall be used.

7.1.10 All paving shall be designed to withstand the loadings given in appendix A and appendix B of this specification. 7.2

ROADS To provide safe access, roads shall be designed in accordance with “High Way Design Manual in Sultanate of Oman”, “Sultanate of Oman General Specification of Roads, AASHTO-Standards and the following criteria:

7.2.1

Minimum road width shall be as follows: 

Primary Roads

: width 8.0 m with shoulder of 1.0 m at both sides.



Access ways

: width 4.0 m without shoulders.

7.2.2

Primary and secondary roads shall be asphalt unless otherwise noted.

7.2.3

The proposed asphalt road section comprises of: (final section to be confirmed by EPC CONTRACTOR) 

Sub-grade compacted to the required strength corresponding to the corrected CBR = 6% for a minimum thickness of 300 mm below the pavement section;



Sub-base course of 250 mm thick, well-graded compacted granular sub-base to 95% modified Proctor;



Base course of 200 mm thick, compacted crushed rock to 95% modified Proctor;



Binder Course of 60 mm thick;



Wearing course of 40 mm thick;

See also appendix C for typical road section build-up.

Page 9 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

7.2.4

The pavement of heavy- and light-duty roads shall be designed in accordance with the latest revision of AASHTO GDPS-4 or equivalent standard as acceptable to the OWNER.

7.2.5

The total thickness shall be designed for the total number of axles indicated for the total design life. The recommended number of axle movements for the design of roads is 2 million.

7.2.6

In design, the following parameters shall be considered: 

reliability, R = 50 %;



standard deviation So = 0.45;



design serviceability loss 2.2;

7.2.7

For axle loads and arrangement of vehicle dimensions for heavy- and light-duty roads, see appendix B.

7.2.8

The most severe conditions of either transport vehicles carrying exceptionally heavy equipment, or of vehicles with multiple axles providing continuous and high load, shall be adopted as the extreme loading conditions in the design of roads (including culverts and bridges). If these are not acceptable, an adequate solution shall be agreed with the OWNER.

7.2.9

The road top surface shall have a minimum cross fall of 1:50 from the centerline and be flush with the surrounding paving (if any), to provide proper drainage, unless otherwise specified.

7.2.10 At road junctions, the inside of the asphalt road paving shall have a minimum radius of: 

6.0 m for 4 m wide roads



8.0 m for 7 m wide roads



10.0 m for 8 m wide roads

For crossings of roads with unequal width, the narrower road shall determine the radius of the curvature. Roads shall cross at an angle of 90 degrees. The edges defining the radius of curvature at the junction of a heavy-duty road crossing shall be designed to be at the same level. The width and radius of the roads surrounding plant area should be reviewed based on heavy crane movement during construction/erection. 7.2.11 If roads are without curbs, they shall be provided with shoulders on both sides. Shoulders shall be able to support slowly moving vehicles without being damaged. Road shoulders shall have a minimum width of 1m. 7.2.12 Surface water shall be discharged either to adjoining paved areas or into the road drainage system (i.e. via road gullies and underground piping). Road drainage system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements laid down in Specification for Underground Piping Design, document number S-000-5316-001. The drainage of road surfaces and plot paving forms an integral part of the drainage system.

Page 10 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

7.2.13 The clearance between the edge of the road (shoulder or curb) and the face of standard lamp posts, sign posts, etc., shall not be less than 600 mm. 7.2.14 A minimum distance of 1.5 m shall be maintained between the edge of the road and the face of any plant elements such as pipes, overhead pipe supports, pipe bridges, etc. 7.2.15 The edge of the surface course shall be clearly marked with 100 mm white lines or a curb. 7.2.16 To ensure uninterrupted and safe access (see paragraph 7.1.3) the plant may have parking area(s). These shall be designed to the following criteria: 

Each parking place is sized for normal cars, approximately 2.35 m wide, 6.5 m long at a 60 angle; or 5.0 m long at a 90 angle (with the direction of driving.



Loading/unloading areas will be 3.5 m wide, where length depends on the type of truck.



Sides of parking area shall be marked using curb stones or 100mm wide white lines.

7.2.17 Separation between parking places and lanes will be indicated on the paving with 100 mm wide white lines. 7.2.18 Provisions, such as traffic signs, crash barriers and vehicle barriers shall be as called for on layout drawings all in accordance with Oman traffic laws, approved by OWNER. Typical locations requiring crash barriers are road crossings over pipe tracks and under pipe racks, roads close to pipe racks and pipe tracks, and roads adjacent to steep slopes, T-junctions and sharp bends. Traffic crash barriers should consist of steel columns embedded in concrete foundation and guard rail fixed to steel columns. All steel to be galvanized. Details of design and materials for crash barriers shall be submitted to the OWNER for review. 7.2.19 Guard posts may be used as an alternative to crash barrier. 7.2.20 The system selected for protection of above ground facilities shall be able to absorb impact energy by plastic deformation without collapse and generally be located at the outer edge of the (hard) shoulder. 7.2.21 Where road bridges are required to cross over pipe tracks, streams, etc., the width between abutments, alignment of centerline and the profile of the paving shall be fully compatible with the adjoining roads. 7.2.22 Sustained gradients shall not be steeper than 1 in 20 (5%), although short straight sections of road and local ramping adjacent to road and pipe bridges may be at maximum gradients of 1 in 15. from top of road to top bridge level, but not at road junctions. Special attention shall be given to heavy haul roads where some trailer can only accommodate a gradient up to 3%.

Page 11 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

7.2.23 The design life of the road shall be compatible with that used for the plant or the works. 7.2.24 Where applicable, the performance and details of existing road construction shall be taken into account during design of new roads. 7.2.25 The width, alignments and gradients of the road shall be the most economical for the site conditions, but shall not impose undue restrictions on the movement of traffic. 7.2.26 Attention shall be paid to construction or maintenance requirements, particularly where large plant items or preassembled units form part of the development. 7.2.27 Curbing of roads is not generally required except at road or road and vehicle access-way junctions and as stated in paragraphs 7.2.16 and 7.4.12 of this specification. 7.3

ROAD MATERIALS

7.3.1

Base Course and Sub-base Course Base course and sub-base course materials shall be in accordance with ASTM D1241 Materials for Aggregate and Soil-Aggregate Sub-base, Base and Surface Course. The minimum 30% CBR values of the material shall be compacted with 95% of maximum dry density for sub-base course material. The minimum 50% CBR values of the material shall be compacted with 98% of maximum dry density for base course material in accordance with ASTM D1883, The California Bearing Ratio.

7.3.2

Prime Coat Prime coat material shall consist of MC-30 type cutback asphalt meeting the requirements of AASHTO M82, Cut Back Asphalt (Medium Curing Type).

7.3.3

Asphalt Base Course (Bituminous Binder Course) Asphalt cement shall conform to ASTM D946, Specification for Penetration Grade Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction, with penetration grade 60-70.

7.3.4

Tack Coat Tack coat shall conform to AASHTO M-81 RC-70 bitumen.

7.3.5

Wearing Course Asphalt cement shall conform to ASTM D946, Specification for Penetration Grade Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction, with penetration grade 60-70.

7.4

YARD PAVINGS

7.4.1

The need for paving and its extent should be determined for each individual site. All intended uses and loading requirements for paving, including road bridges and free spanning paving slabs should be taken into consideration for design. The extent of all paved areas shall be subject of approval by OWNER. In general, paved areas should be kept to a minimum following the criteria listed below: 

Provision of reliable and easy access for personnel and vehicles to process plant, equipment buildings and dropping zones during operations and maintenance.



Provision of a foundation base for light equipment, such as sheds, racks, ladders, stairs, pipe supports, etc.



Protection of the soil and the groundwater against spillage of chemicals and hydrocarbons during maintenance or operations.

Page 12 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

7.4.2

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022



Prevention of erosion of the soil.



Routing of surface water (rain or firewater), leakages and spillages (water, chemicals, oil, gas) to sumps.



Provision of maintenance access consisting of a 1200 mm width of paving around individual equipment isolated from main paved areas.



Provision of bundle pulling areas for heat exchangers, where oil may be spilt during extraction and removal of tube bundles, even where such areas extend beyond plot limits.



Paving to be provided around all pumps, compressors and piping manifolds and generally under all structures supporting process plant overhead.



Ditto around and under heaters.



Access ramps for maintenance vehicles, trolleys, etc.

Concrete paving consists of a reinforced concrete pavement slab which rests on the sub-grade. A minimum 250mm thick sub-base to support the paving may be required depending on the sub-grade. The sub-grade shall be compacted to at least the following percentages of the modified maximum density obtained in the laboratory at optimum moisture content by the test specification indicated, i.e. ASTM D 1557: 

95% of test values for 0 – 500 mm depth measured from top of sub-grade.



90% of test values for 500 mm or more below top of sub-grade.

The paved areas are divided into slabs, separated by expansion joints. Arrangement of paving shall be based on the following minimum requirements: 

Area: Paving should be laid to falls sloping inwards to drainage points as required by Specification for Underground Piping Design, document number S-000-5316-001. The perimeter of the paving should be at grade level. To ensure there are no "dead" areas that could cause ponding, paving layout drawings shall show all bases, plinths, piers and other obstructions, with paving valley lines and ridges indicated and all falls arrowed on drawings. Surface falls and drainage points for soil supported paving bounded by, and liable to settle between, grade beams, shall be designed to ensure continued drainage in the event of differential settlement.



High Point Paving (HPP): The high points of paving shall preferably be located along cable trenches and expansion joints.



Low Point Paving (LPP): Covers for surface water collecting sumps and gullies shall be set 15 mm below low points of paving. Drain points and valley lines shall be so located as to ensure a clear flow of water past plinths, piers and other obstructions.



Other levels: Trench and manhole covers, sockets and the like shall be set flush with the paving. Generally, the paving shall not include details likely to be a trip hazard. Curbs to give positive drainage should be avoided where possible. Open pits shall project above the paving.



Gradients of paving shall be normally 1:100 except for paving under furnaces where slope shall be 1:50.



Pavement edge thickening:

Page 13 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

The edging shall be formed by inverted curbs or down-stand edge beams of min. 150 mm width x 250 mm depth at the outer limits of paving. Depths may vary, depending on local conditions.\ 7.4.3

Concrete paving should not generally be provided for walkway access to isolated floodlight towers and manholes.

7.4.4

Bituminous paving shall not be used within plot limits for any hydrocarbon process plant.

7.4.5

There are no general requirements for paving in off-sites areas. However, concrete paving may be required at particular locations such as pump areas, metering areas, manifold areas, where hydrocarbon and chemical leakage or spillage could occur.

7.4.6

For paving in tank farm areas see also Specification for Storage Tanks and Bunds, document number S-000-5315-001.

7.4.7

Unpaved areas between paving and plot limits shall be treated in accordance with section 7.9.

7.4.8

Light equipment and pipe supports may be placed on soil supported paving within plot limits, provided that the piping system is sufficiently flexible to follow the associated settlements and that the design loading of the paving is not exceeded. If not, they shall be supported on spread footings or grade beams and piles.

7.4.9

When gangways and platforms are attached to structures and/or equipment placed either on piles or spread foundations to firm subsoil, the access ladders or stairways should also be founded on extensions of the corresponding main foundations. Otherwise, these stairways and ladders shall be designed to allow for settlement with soil supported paving.

7.4.10 Permanent ladders from ground level should, wherever possible, be directly supported from the plant or its supporting structure and kept clear of the paving to avoid effects of settlement and corrosion at ground level. If ladder bases bear on soil supported paving, allowance shall be made for settlement of the paving. 7.4.11 Pavement for walkways, sidewalks and other areas where light duty paving is sufficient, can be provided with concrete tiles or concrete paving blocks. 7.4.12 Tiles and blocks shall be installed on a layer of compacted clean sand of 200 mm in thickness, and shall be enclosed with concrete curbs. 7.4.13 Soil supported paving is classified as follows: 

Light duty, 100 mm thick concrete, (see standard drawing). Generally, for walkways and areas not subject to traffic.



Heavy duty, 150 mm thick concrete, adequately reinforced with two layers (see standard drawing). Generally, for areas subject to vehicular traffic and dropping zones.



Extra heavy duty, minimum 200 mm thick, adequately reinforced (see standard drawing). Generally, for areas subject to exceptional (heavy traffic) loads.



Paved walkways of the main paved areas should be of 50 mm thick precast concrete paving flags bedded on a clean sand bed.

Page 14 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

7.4.14 To prevent any material from the sub-base becoming mixed with freshly placed concrete and reduce the friction between the sub-base and the hardened concrete slab while the latter is gaining strength in its early life, a separation membrane shall be provided. The separation membrane consists of polyethylene sheet with a minimum thickness of 0.2 mm. 7.4.15 Where paving is subject to vehicular loads, paving shall be designed for the loads described in appendix A and appendix B of this specification. 7.4.16 Paving supported by piles and grade beams should be designed as free spanning slabs, for the loads described in appendix A of this specification. 7.4.17 Where sockets or anchor rings are to be installed in paving for tube bundle pulling, the paving shall be designed and reinforced for the expected loads and moments. 7.4.18 If access to cable trenches in paved area is not required, the cable routing shall be permanently covered with concrete paving. In paved areas, trenches that need to remain accessible (if applicable) shall be covered with removable concrete panels. Panels shall be designed to the same standard as the surrounding paving. 7.4.19 The location of trenches shall be clearly indicated on the surface, by colour code in paved areas using dye in concrete and by signs in unpaved areas. The concrete in paved area shall be red coloured in case of electrical cable trenches and green coloured in case of instrumentation cable trenches. 7.5

JOINTS

7.5.1

General

7.5.2

7.5.1.1

Joints shall be arranged at those locations where cracking may be expected (e.g. due to settlement where soil-supported paving passes over sub-grade beams or structures which are separately supported on piles or deep footings) and at reentrant corners where bases, plinths, manholes, etc., pass through the paving.

7.5.1.2

In addition, contraction and expansion joints shall be provided to suit the ambient temperature range for the location.

7.5.1.3

Locations of joints shall be selected to prevent uncontrolled cracking as a result of shrinkage, thermal variations, natural changes in moisture content and other conditions.

7.5.1.4

All joints shall be filled with a suitable sealer, as specified in subsection..

Expansion Joints 7.5.2.1

Expansion joints in concrete paving shall be formed with a suitable thickness of minimum 15 mm at maximum 20 m centers.

7.5.2.2

Expansion joint filler shall be of resilient bitumen and resin impregnated fiber or cork granule filler board. Expanded or foamed plastic (e.g. polystyrene) shall not be used as a joint filler. The top of the joint shall be sealed with a hydrocarbon-resistant mastic sealing compound placed in accordance with the suppliers’ written directions, but set below the surface of the concrete and with a debonding membrane applied to the horizontal face at the top of the joint filler board.

7.5.2.3

The mesh reinforcement in the concrete paving shall stop 50 mm short of the ends of the concrete paving.

7.5.2.4

Expansion joints shall be provided around all foundation piers, concrete pits and underground sewer boxes.

7.5.2.5

Fixed/free dowel bars across the joints or sleeper beams are not normally required, but may be necessary on main roads or vehicle access ways.

Page 15 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 7.5.3

7.5.4

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Contraction Joints 7.5.3.1

Contraction joints, spaced at maximum 6 m centers both ways, shall be saw cut within 36 hours of the slab having been poured.

7.5.3.2

However formed, the joints shall be sealed not earlier than 30 days after pouring.

7.5.3.3

Contraction joint sealing compound shall be hydrocarbon resistant. For filler and sealant materials see subsection 7.5.2.2.

7.5.3.4

Steel reinforcement shall not be continuous through contraction joints.

Construction Joints 7.5.4.1

Location of construction joints, if required, is CONTRACTOR's choice.

7.5.4.2

Prior to continuation of pouring, joint shall be chipped, cleaned and wetted to achieve a good bond.

7.6

CHEMICAL-RESISTANT PAVING

7.6.1

In areas where leakage and/or spillage of corrosive chemicals may occur, a suitable chemical resistant surfacing shall be provided in order to protect the yard paving.

7.6.2

The following shall be taken into account for the design of chemical resistant surfacing; a. The nature and concentration of all materials, which may come into contact with the paving as a result of process operations or malfunction of equipment. b. The nature and concentration of all cleaning agents which will come into contact with the paving. c.

The temperature of all materials likely to be spilt on the paving, including possible exothermic or endothermic reactions with wash-down water.

d. The location of the paving (e.g. grade level or suspended floor). e. The construction of the base slab (see 7.6.6). f.

The loading characteristics of the paving, including details of pedestrian and wheeled traffic.

g. Details of any vibration resulting from plant (located in the building. h. Details of any specified foreseeable process changes which would involve the use of materials or conditions not listed above. 7.6.3

Chemical resistant surfacings may be divided generally into the following categories: a. Jointless surfacings such as acid resisting asphalt, polyester and epoxide resin flooring and other proprietary floor surfacing. b. Brick or tile surfacings such as acid resisting bricks or tiles bedded and jointed in chemical resistant mortar.

7.6.4

Non-skid chemically resistant bricks or tiles are preferred in process working areas subject to acidic corrosion.

7.6.5

Jointless surfacings shall not be used for floors subject to temperature variations of 40C or more.

7.6.6

Paving extent and details shall be as follows: 

Extent: Areas to be protected shall be indicated on the drawings and shall be bounded by curbs to contain spillages. Surfacing shall extend up the sides of curbs and also up the sides of equipment foundations within the curbed areas. Where chemical spillage could come from

Page 16 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

particular items of equipment, the surfacing shall extend over the top of the respective equipment foundations. 

Surfacing: The type and thickness of surfacings shall be shown on the design drawings. Thicknesses shall be adequate for external conditions and fulfill their functional requirement against chemical attack.



Membrane or sealing coat: i.

Membrane In the following areas a substantial, impervious, chemical-resistant membrane shall be provided:

ii.

-

Areas where the paving is subject to excessive thermal movement or vibration.

-

Areas where top layer may get damaged (i.e. cracks).

-

Areas subject to oxidizing agents in the chemicals.

Sealing coat Areas not subject to the above shall be provided with a sealing coat suitable for the particular chemical condition specified, all in accordance with the requirements of the specialist supplier.

iii.

Base slab This shall comprise a structural reinforced concrete slab (see subsection 7.4). The fall of the base slab, towards the low point, shall not be flatter than 1:60, preferably 1:40.

iv.

Expansion joints These shall only be provided in those surfacing subjected to high temperatures or thermal shock. Where provided, they shall align with those provided in the base slab, which in turn shall be located at high points of paving. They shall be provided at structural penetrations through the slab.

7.6.7

Joints shall be filled with a flexible compound, in accordance with the specialist supplier’s instructions and shall have a chemical resistance at least equal to that of the surfacing

7.6.8

Materials and construction of chemical resistant surfacing shall be covered by a separate engineering specification and/or requisition to be approved by OWNER.

7.7

ASPHALTIC PAVING

7.7.1

Asphalt paving for car parking, product handling area etc. is referred to clause 7.3

Page 17 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

7.8

LANDSCAPING

7.8.1

In areas such as building areas, design shall incorporate provisions for the planting of trees, shrubs, grass, etc.

7.8.2

Areas subject to landscaping shall be topped with a suitable planting soil mixture of sufficient depth.

7.8.3

If planting area will be provided with an irrigation system, materials and construction of the irrigation system shall be covered by a separate specification and/or requisition to be approved by OWNER.

7.9

UNPAVED AREAS

7.9.1

Any area of made-up ground within a unit and/or complex which is not required to be paved over or to be planted on, shall receive surface treatment.

7.9.2

Unpaved areas are generally limited to those parts of a site where no spillage is expected and where the surface normally does not need to support loads other than personnel access.

7.9.3

Unpaved areas can include, but are not limited to:

7.9.4



The zone between inner and outer fence.



The zone between outer plant road and fence.



Flare and liquid burner areas, except the plots where equipment is located.



Administration and other landscaped areas.



Unpaved areas between paving and plot limits.



Areas which are not used (future construction, safety zones, etc.).



Tank pits (non-contaminated services only).



Pipe tracks which contain no flanged connections, valves or sample points.

Functional requirements for surface treatment of unpaved areas are: 

Prevent soil erosion by wind and water.



Be able to support people on foot.



Keep the subject area clear of undesirable vegetation.

7.9.5

The materials shall be made of crushed stone or uniform gravel which shall have a maximum grain size of 50 mm.

7.9.6

After completion of sub-grade preparation, gravel or crushed stone shall be evenly spread over the area with a minimum layer thickness of 75 mm.

Page 18 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 8.0

CONSTRUCTION

8.1

FIELD MEASUREMENTS

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

For definition of field measurements see subsection 8.2 of engineering specification S-000-5312-002 8.2

SUBGRADE The subgrade consists of all soil up to the plant rough grade elevation, as shown on the drawings. The subgrade fill shall be in accordance with engineering specification S-000-5312-002. Prior to placement of subbase or base course, the subgrade shall be inspected for rock and soft materials. Where the surface of subgrade is damaged, it shall be replaced with broken stone, gravel, slag or other suitable approved material. In case of soft spots the unstable material shall be replaced with subgrade fill material as follows: Remove soft and unstable materials, which cannot be compacted to the required density, to a minimum depth of 600 mm below the subgrade elevation. Prevent surface water from flowing into and accumulating in excavated areas. Compact the subgrade out to the edges of permanent ditches or to 300 mm beyond the edge of the shoulder, whichever is greater. Compact a maximum of 200 mm in depth to 95% of the maximum density obtained in the laboratory at optimum moisture content in accordance with ASTM D1557.

8.3

SUBBASE Trash and debris shall be removed from subgrade before placing subbase material. Subbase material to be spreaded on the approved subgrade in uniform, nearly horizontal layers, without segregation of size, to such loose depth that, when compacted, the total course will have the required thickness shown on the drawings. Do not place in layers thicker than 150 mm, compact each layer for the full width and depth by rolling with approved compacting equipment. Use alternate blading and rolling to obtain a smooth, even and uniformly compacted course. Use power-driven hand tampers for compacting backfill adjacent to structures. Compact to not less than 95% of maximum density obtained in the laboratory at optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D1557. Sub-base course shall be minimum CBR=30 Provision shall be incorporated, as required, to prevent ingress of subbase material into the subgrade.

8.4

BASE COURSE

8.4.1

Placing Base Course Base course material to be spreaded on the completed and approved subbase or subgrade in uniform, nearly horizontal layers, without segregation of size, to such loose depth that when compacted, the total course will have the required thickness. Do not place in layers thicker than 150 mm. Compact each layer with equipment capable of obtaining the desired density to the full depth. Continue the rolling until the base is compacted to not less than:  98% of the maximum dry density obtained in the laboratory at optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D1557  Base course shall be minimum CBR=50

Page 19 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Finish the surface by blading or with automatic equipment designed for this purpose and rolled with a steel wheeled roller. Do not add thin layers of fine materials to top layer of base course. 8.4.2

Reconditioning the Base Course Base course that has been disturbed by construction operations shall be reconditioned as follows:  Scarify the surface, reshape to the required line and grade, add material where required and compact to the required density.  Proof roll the compacted surface to check unstable areas, requiring additional compaction.  Finish the final surface before installation of prime coat.  Where the primed base course has been disturbed by construction operations, thoroughly clean surfaces of debris and dirt, reshape and repair the surface.

8.5

ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVING

8.5.1

General Roads used for construction traffic shall not receive a surface course or curbs, until heavy construction traffic has finished using the road. Apply a prime coat to the base course before using road for construction traffic. After receiving the surface course all signs, barriers, road markings, curbs, road drains and other items required for completion of road work shall be placed, in accordance with the drawings. A mix specified by a local agency will be considered if it has been shown to have a satisfactory history of performance. The construction of roads shall be so arranged that exposure of the subgrade to changes of moisture content due to rain or surface water or by drying out shall be reduced to a minimum by means of suitable protection at all times.

8.5.2

Prime Coat All loose material from compacted base surface shall be removed before applying prime coat. Uniformly apply the prime coat, distributed at the rate of 1.13 to 1.58 liters/m², over the compacted, dust free and dry, base course. Apply sufficient material to penetrate and seal, but do not flood the surface. Allow to cure and dry as long as required to attain penetration and evaporation of the volatile material, but in no case less than 48 hours. Prime coat shall be maintained at all times, until asphalt mixture is placed.

8.5.3

Surface Course

8.5.3.1 General  The surface course shall consist of two-layer, hot-laid, plant mixed asphaltic concrete placed on the primed base course. The tack coat is applied between joints and between asphalt layers.  Asphaltic concrete mixing plant, laying and compaction equipment shall be approved by CIENT. Tentative approval of specific items shall be made in advance of start of project paving operations. Final approval shall be made only after the adequacy of the plant and laying equipment has been demonstrated in full-scale production. All equipment required to perform the work shall be maintained in a satisfactory working condition at all times.  Deliveries will be such that spreading and rolling of all the mixture prepared can be completed within normal working hours.

Page 20 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Placement of the surface course shall be done in two layers where binder course may be installed after completion of the base course and wearing course is installed together with area paving/plant surfacing.

8.5.3.2 Placing the Mix General 



Place the asphaltic concrete mixture on the prepared surface, spread, and strike-off using mechanical spreader. Spread mixture at a minimum temperature of 107C. Inaccessible and small areas may be placed by hand. Place the layers in the required volumes, such that they will conform to the indicated grade, cross section and thickness when compacted. The mix shall be placed and spread to such depth that after compaction the course will have the required thickness as follows: 

Binder course



Wearing course 40 mm.

60 mm.

Mechanical Placing  Unless otherwise directed, begin placing along the centerline of areas to be paved on a crowned section and/or at the high side of sections with a one-way slope, always in the direction of traffic flow.  Place in strips not less than 3 m wide, after the first strip has been placed and rolled, place all succeeding strips and extend rolling to overlap previous strips. Complete binder course for a section before placing any wearing course materials. Place mixture in an operation as continuous as possible and speed of placing shall adjusted as required to permit proper rolling. Hand Placing  Spread, tamp and finish the mixture using hand tools in areas where the use of machine spreading is not practical, as acceptable to CONTRACTOR. Place mixture at a rate that will prevent segregation and ensure proper handling and compaction before the mixture cools off too much. 8.5.3.3 Joints General 

 



Carefully make joints between old and new pavements or between successive days work to ensure a continuous bond between adjoining work. Joints shall have the same texture, density and smoothness as other sections of the paving. Clean contact surfaces of sand, dirt or other objectionable material. Apply tack coat. Offset transverse joints in binder course and wearing course not less than 600 mm. Cut back the edge of the previously placed course to expose an even, vertical surface for the full course thickness. Offset longitudinal joints in binder course and wearing course not less than 150 mm. When the edges of longitudinal joints are irregular, honeycombed or inadequately compacted, cut back all unsatisfactory sections to expose an even, vertical surface for the full course thickness.

Transverse The roller shall pass over the unprotected end of the freshly laid mixture only when the laying of the course is to be discontinued or when delivery of mixture is interrupted to the extent that the unrolled material may become cold. In all cases, the edge of the previously laid course shall be cut back to expose an even, vertical surface the full thickness of the course. When required, the fresh mixture shall be raked against the joints, thoroughly tamped with tampers, and rolled. Page 21 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Longitudinal In laying each succeeding strip after the initial strip has been spread and compacted as specified hereinafter, the screed of the spreader shall overlap the previously placed strip 75 to 100 mm and shall be sufficiently raised, that compaction effected by rolling will produce a smooth, dense joint. Any material placed on the edge of the previously laid strip by the spreader shall be pushed back to the edge of the strip being laid. When the amount of mixture on the previously laid strip plus the uncompacted material in the strip being laid is in excess of that required to produce a smooth, dense joint, the excess mixture shall be removed and wasted. 8.5.3.4 Curbs Place curbs on compacted base course surface, on a bed of lean concrete. Place curb materials to standard local shapes using machine laying methods. Adjust rate of placement to ensure adequate compaction of the mixture as it is placed. 8.5.3.5 Compaction General 

 

Begin rolling operations as soon after placing that, the mixture will bear the weight of the roller without excessive displacement. Do not suddenly change the line or direction of rolling. Compact the mixture with hand tampers or vibrating plate compactors in all areas inaccessible to rollers. Do not permit heavy equipment, including rollers, to stand still on the finished surface, before it has thoroughly cooled or set.

Initial Rolling  Start rolling longitudinally at the extreme low side of sections and proceed toward the center of the pavement. Roll to slightly different lengths on alternate runs of the rollers. Do not roll center of sections first under any circumstances.  Rolling shall overlap on successive passes by, at least half the width of the roller. In rolling the successive strips, the longitudinal joint shall be rolled first.  Check the crown, grade, and smoothness after the initial rolling. Repair displaced areas by loosening at once with lutes or rakes and filling, if required, with hot loose material before continuing rolling. Second Rolling  Second rolling may be applied to reach required density. Following the initial rolling as soon as possible while the mixture is hot and in condition for proper compaction.  Continue the second rolling for at least three complete coverage’s or until the mixture has been thoroughly compacted. Final Rolling  Perform final rolling while mixture is still warm enough for removal of roller marks. Continue rolling until all roller marks are eliminated and the course has attained the required field density of at least 97% of its marshal density. 8.5.3.6 Patching Remove and replace mixtures that become mixed with foreign materials and remove all defective areas. Cut out such areas and fill with fresh, hot asphaltic concrete. Compact by rolling to the required surface density and smoothness. Remove deficient areas for the full depth of the course. Cut sides perpendicular and parallel to the direction of traffic with edges vertical. Apply a tack coat before placing asphaltic concrete mixture.

Page 22 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 8.5.4

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Binder Course Binder course that has been disturbed by construction operations shall be reconditoned as follows:  Remove binder course in such a way that sufficient area of undisturbed base course becomes visible. The removed area shall extend the disturbed area by minimal 500 mm in all directions.  Recondition disturbed sections of base course as described in paragraph 8.4.2.  Apply prime coat to reconditioned surface as described in paragraph 8.5.2.  Place sufficient mix to obtain a smooth surface after compaction.  Compact and finish as described in paragraph 8.5.3 Note: Binder course shall be inspected for deficient areas and reconditioned conform the above-mentioned method before any section of wearing course, including coat, may be installed.

8.5.5

Tack Coat  

8.5.6

Uniformly apply the tack coat to asphalt joints (and between asphalt layers). Distribute at the rate of 0.5 liter/m². Apply tack coat by brush to contact surfaces of curbs, gutters, manholes and other structures projecting into or abutting asphaltic concrete pavement.

Reconditioning the Surface Course Recondition the surface that has been damaged by any testing operation (e.g. drilling of test cores) as follows:  Apply tack coat.  Place sufficient mix to obtain smooth surface after compaction.  Compact and finish as described in paragraph 8.5.3.

8.6

SHOULDERS Remove trash and debris from compacted subgrade before placing fill. Place fill in horizontal layers in conjunction with the (sub) base course. Place Binder Course.

8.7

CONCRETE PAVING Execution of concrete works for paving shall be in accordance with engineering specification 5320-001 but shall, however, fulfill the following requirements:  

  

 

S-000-

The subgrade shall be shaped, trimmed, and compacted sufficiently to support the concrete paving construction adequately. If a subbase is required, it shall be as stated in subsection 7.3.1. The top surface of the subbase shall be blinded as necessary with sand, quarry dust or clinker ash, and well rolled. All underground facilities shall be in place, tested and approved. Miscellaneous steel and pipe inserts penetrating the paving shall be held firmly in position. An approved sheeting (see subsection 7.4.14) shall be provided to prevent absorption of the water of the concrete mix by the subbase or subgrade. Sheeting shall have laps of 100 mm minimum. Holes in the membrane as well as all laps, shall be sealed, using pressure sensitive adhesive tape. Steel reinforcement shall be supported adequately so as to maintain its position during concreting. At structural penetrations, two additional bars, 10 mm Ø, shall be provided diagonally across each corner. Page 23 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297  

8.8

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Finished concrete surfaces shall have a wood float finish. Dowels, when required, shall be adequately supported, so that displacement does not occur during pouring.

BLOCKWORK PAVING If a subbase is required, it shall be as stated in subsection 7.3.1. The top surface of the subbase shall be blinded as necessary with sand, quarry dust or clinker ash, and well rolled. Prior to placement of tiles or blocks the CONTRACTOR has to verify if subgrade is compacted to 90% density. Before tiles or paving blocks is installed a weed killer shall be applied. Tiles and/or blocks shall be installed true to line and level as shown on the drawings.

8.9

UNPAVED AREAS

8.9.1

The subgrade shall be prepared by scarifying to a minimum depth of 150 mm and shall be leveled and compacted to 90% density.

8.9.2

Loose stones shall be uniformly spread and raked to a thickness of 75 mm all in accordance with the drawings.

8.9.3

The surfacing shall be durable and shall have minimum maintenance requirements. In case of fire, it shall be inert or self-extinguishing.

8.9.4

For seeded (grass) areas: Selected top soil, free from stones, shall be 150 mm thick. It shall be spread, leveled and lightly compacted before sowing with selected grass seed (1 kg/100 m²). An approved fertilizer shall be applied in accordance with OWNER’s instructions.

9.0

TOLERANCES

9.1

Checked with a straight edge (long 3000 mm), the surfaces of the finished bituminous pavement shall not deviate from the elevations and lines shown on drawings by the following: Subbase, base course, shoulders Binder course Surface course - Transverse - Longitudinal

9.2

± 12 mm ± 6 mm ± 6 mm ± 4 mm

In place compacted thicknesses shall not deviate from the thicknesses shown on drawings by the following: Surface course All other courses

9.3

: : : :

: :

± 6 mm ± 12 mm

Checked with a straight edge (long 3000 mm) the surface of the finished concrete pavement shall not deviate from the elevations and lines shown on the drawing by the following: Subbase or subgrade Pavement, all directions

: :

± 12 mm ± 3 mm

Page 24 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

10.0

PROTECTION

10.1

CONTRACTOR to protect newly placed material from traffic by barricades or other suitable method, until access is permitted.

10.2

After final rolling, do not permit vehicular traffic on the asphaltic concrete pavement until it has cooled and hardened, and in no case sooner than six hours.

10.3

After finishing, do not permit any traffic, neither vehicles, nor pedestrians on to the concrete pavement until it has had its initial setting, but in no case sooner than twelve hours.

11.0

CLEANING Remove waste, trash, debris, fill material and road materials from the site and dispose in a legal manner.

12.0

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL

12.1

GENERAL Quality of the work in respect of both workmanship and materials shall be ensured throughout the project. There shall be an element of self-certification by means of a quality assurance and control procedure. The quality assurance and control procedure shall be agreed between OWNER or CONSULTANT and CONTRACTOR prior to the commencement of the work. The quality assurance and control plan shall clearly identify Hold and Witness points for OWNER or Consultant, CONTRACTOR and CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR . As a minimum the quality assurance and control procedure shall include procedures and standards for:  Procurement, receiving and storage of materials  Test and inspection  Repair  Acceptance

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Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 12.2

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

WORKMANSHIP

12.2.1 Only qualified and in the work fully experienced personnel shall carry out the works. 12.3

MATERIALS

12.3.1 Certificates and / or test and sampling reports shall be submitted to OWNER to prove compliance with the specifications as defined in this specification 12.3.2 CONTRACTOR is responsible for all sampling and testing 12.3.3 Quality Assurance and Control shall be executed in accordance with the CONTRACT documents. 12.3.4 Acceptance of the subgrade, (sub)base and base course before surfacing, shall be based on the design requirements and resulting criteria from in-situ density tests. Examples of suitable tests, as far as compaction is concerned, are California Bearing Ratio (CBR), plate bearing test or other in-situ density tests in accordance with ASTM D1557. 12.3.5 Interpretation of test results shall take into consideration the maximum moisture content of the (sub)base/subgrade material that is considered representative for the operating situation. 12.4

TESTING AGENCY CONTRACTOR shall provide services of testing agency approved by the OWNER and meeting the National requirements to perform required tests. Tests shall include, but not be limited to, sampling asphaltic concrete material at batch plant and at the jobsite.

12.5

FIELD TESTS AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

12.5.1 Paving Subgrade or Subbase At least one in-situ density test should be made on each soil stratum on which paving is to be laid. Make at least two in-situ density tests for each day of paving, one at 25% of placement and one at 75% of placement. 12.5.2 Aggregates At least one bulk sample shall be taken per batch used in asphalt/concrete paving mixture. Samples shall be taken and tested conform to methods described in AASHTO M 147, ASTM D 692 and/or AASHTO M 29. After compaction of subgrade, subbase or base coarse at least two density tests shall be made per section of road or per days work, one at quarter point and one at three-quarter point. At least one sample shall be taken per 2500 kg/delivery or per days work/delivery to project site, when used for subgrade, subbase and/or base course. 12.5.3 Mineral Filler At least one sample shall be taken per batch used in asphaltic/concrete paving mixture. Samples shall be taken and tested conform to methods described in ASTM D242. 12.5.4 Base Course At least one field density test shall be made for each day's work and/or section on which pavement is to be installed.

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Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

12.5.5 Asphaltic Concrete Paving Mixture 12.5.5.1

Preoperations Check This is done to determine type of mixture to be used and to obtain equation values (see subsection 7.3) for checks made during construction and for acceptance.

12.5.5.2

Operations Check

Laboratory tests shall be made on, but are not limited to:  Bitumen content in the mixture.  Gradation of aggregates.  Uniformity of the mixture.  Percent of voids in compacted mixture. At each day of road construction, take two bulk samples from trucks delivering mixtures to the jobsite (at first-quarter and third-quarter points). Each bulk sample shall be approximately 10 kg. Prepare three specimens with thirty-five compaction blows in accordance with ASTM D1559 Obtain target density (average density of the six laboratory prepared specimens) in accordance with AASHTO T166. Where required by OWNER, CONTRACTOR shall drill cores with a diameter of 75 mm, for a check on construction of the pavement. Obtain the density of each specimen in accordance with AASHTO T-166. OWNER may request additional coring as the field conditions require. As an alternative, OWNER may determine density in place, conform method described in ASTM D1557. CONTRACTOR shall repair holes caused by core drillings. 12.5.5.3 Acceptance Check CONTRACTOR shall take two core samples of sufficient diameter from road sections as directed. Average density of the two core drilled samples shall be at least 97% and the individual core density shall not be less than 95% relative to the target density of the same asphalt concrete mixture. Samples shall be tested on composition and gradation of the compacted mixture, layer thickness, degree of compaction and smoothness. Areas deficient in density, thickness or any other requirement shall be removed and replaced as directed. OWNER may call for more samples to be taken if field conditions or laboratory testing require so. 12.5.6 Yard Paving Testing of concrete shall be done conform the requirements given in engineering specification S-0005320-001 12.6

DOCUMENTATION

12.6.1 CONTRACTOR shall submit testing laboratory reports to OWNER for verification of materials and installation requirements of this specification. Reports shall show following information (but not limited to): 

Sand, e.g. for subbases:  Particle size analysis. Page 27 of 33

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297





Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

 Sand equivalent.  Proctor curves.  CBR density. Gravel/crushed rocks/crushed stones:  Particle size analysis.  Hardness. Asphaltic concrete: Formula for asphaltic concrete mixture.

12.6.2 CONTRACTOR shall record and document the following:        

Material receiving. Test reports. Sieve analysis. Composition of mixtures. Weather conditions and Air temperature at time of execution. Mixture temperature. Certificates of compliance with relevant standard specifications. OWNER’s approval documents.

Documents shall be available to OWNER at all times. A complete set of all documents related to the works shall be handed over to OWNER upon completion.

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Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

APPENDIX A- LIVE LOADS FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN The following live loads should be allowed for in the design of road bridges, free spanning paving slabs and removable cover slabs to trenches. Vehicle loads shall also comply with HS20-44 (AASHTO) whichever is the most severe loading condition: a.

Bridges and slabs in main roads and vehicle access ways.

See appendix B.

b.

Heavy Duty Paving accessible to vehicles

See appendix B.

c.

Light Duty Paving

25 kN concentrated load

d.

Removable cover slabs to service trenches in main roadways.

75 kN wheel load

e.

Removable cover slabs to service trenches in paved areas accessible to vehicles .

75 kN wheel load

f.

Removable cover slabs to service trenches in paved areas not accessible to vehicles.

25 kN concentrated load

g.

Removable cover slabs to service trenches in unpaved distributed load areas.

5 kN/m² uniformly distributed load.

h.

Dropping zones

Loadings in accordance with maximum part of equipment lifted, including wheel load.

The following live loads should be allowed for in the design of concrete paving slabs: i.

100 kN/m² uniformly distributed load on a minimum area of 1000 x 1000 mm

j.

Loading of a 100 kN vehicle at any location. See appendix B.

k.

A crane employing stabilizers, provided the load is spread over an area of 1.5m x 1.5m, the load per stabilizer does not exceed 100 kN and the stabilizers are maximum 4m apart.

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Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 APPENDIX A Notes:

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

(Cont'd)

1. The design of cover slabs shall ensure that they cannot be placed upside down in their final position or on their sides; alternatively, they shall be provided with adequate reinforcement in all faces. 2. In a number of instances, due to the total width of service trench required, it may be impractical to use a design incorporating removable cover slabs. Such trenches should be located in areas that are generally not accessible to heavy vehicles, e.g. under overhead pipe tracks. In these cases, the sand filling to the trenches shall be well tamped and a 100 mm reinforced concrete slab laid. The slab shall be laid in maximum 5 m lengths and a maximum width of 5 m. 3. The design of pavement shall not take into account exceptional heavy loadings, which may be occasionally present during maintenance (i.e. shutdown). For these occasions special provisions shall be made. 4. The Culverts, subbase and base course of the roads are to withstand the various load cases including the heavy transport loads during construction of the facilities. In case the heavy transport load exceeds the loads given in appendix B, the transport loads shall be used for the design.

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Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

APPENDIX B-AXLE LOADS

4000

1000

250 250 250

240 500

2500

(TYP) 250 250 250

150 kN

150 kN

150 kN

HEAVY DUTY ROADS

3500

2000 ~ 240 (TYP) 250

50 kN

50 kN

LIGHT DUTY ROADS

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Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297 APPENDIX C-TYPICAL ROAD SECTION

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Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC. Sohar Refinery Improvement Project Sultanate of Oman Contract No. 21297

Specification for Roads and Paving S-000-5317-001 Rev. 3 Job No : 120476/ JI-2022

APPENDIX D-STANDARD DRAWINGS Concrete Work and Paving: For Concrete Work and Paving Standard drawings see drawing: D-000-5310-001 Roads For Road Standard drawings see drawing: D-000-5317-001

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