Tfn Reviewer

TFN REVIEWER Theory- what happens first Florence Nightingale- envisioned nurses as body of educated nurse Ernestine Wiedenbach § §

The Helping Art of Nursing Influenced by Ida Orlando

4 elements in Clinical Nursing § § § §

Philosophy- attitude or belief towards life Nursing- needs of patients through symptoms Purpose- accomplish through her actions Practice- observable nursing actions

Person- endowed with unique potential to develop self

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10 steps to identify client’s problem Nursing skills- observation of health status skills of communication Identification and Classification of Problems- typology of 21 nursing problems

Metaparadigm Person- Having physical, emotional, social needs Health- state mutually exclusive of illness Environment- home for community Nursing- helping profession

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem

Environment- conglomerate of objects

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Health- Not defined

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Self care theory Concept of Practice Member of a curriculum subcommittee at Catholic unit Mid-range theory

Orem’s conceptual Framework: Virginia Henderson § § §

Nursing Need Theory Modern legend in nursing Foremost nurse of the 20th century

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Orem’s self care- identify the demand if higher/lower Self care demands- ability to meet demands Nursing Agency- deficit

Nursing- Unique function of nursing is to assist

Orem’s model and the nursing process

Metaparadigm

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Person- have basic needs that are component of health

Assessment Evaluation Planning Implementation

Environment- unique pattern of living

Metaparadigm

Health- function independentl

Person- integrated as “whole” Health- state of wholeness

Fay Glenn Abdellah § § § §

21 Nursing Problems Country’s leading researcher in health Based on problem-solving method Patient Centered care- required you to take active role

Environment- encompasses the elements external to man Nursing- art, a helping serving and a technology

Myra Estrin Levin § § § §

Nursing is Human interaction Conservation Model Theory -focused in promoting adaptation and maintaining wholeness Conservation- to keep together

Framework on Conservation -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐

Energy Structural integrity Personal integrity Social integrity

Metaparadigm Person- wholeness of the individual demands Health- unity and integrity Environment- person is constantly and actively involved Nursing- human interaction designed to promote wholeness Internal environment- combined External environment- divided

Jean Watson § § § § §

Theory of Human Caring The nurse is also cared of The model emphasizes humanistic aspects Middle-range theory Focuses on interconnectedness of patient and nurse

Nola Pender §

Major Concept -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐

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Individual Experiences Behavior Specific Affect Behavioral Outcomes

Dorothy Johnson § §

Behavioral System Model Based on Nightingale’s belief that nursing’s goal is to help individuals prevent from disease

Functional requirments for BSM -­‐ -­‐ -­‐

Protection Nurturance Stimulation

Subsystems- interrelated parts that function together to form a whole

Carative factors- guides the care of nursing Metaparadigm

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Person- subjective and unique

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Environment- crucial to holistic healing

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Nursing- connective bond

Person- self concept Health- pursuit health through life span Health promotion- client behaviour toward developing well being Health protection- client behaviour toward preventing illness Environment- comfortable Nursing promote wellness by health promote education

Key Concepts

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Health- unity between physical, social, mental and spiritual

Health Promotion Model -aims overall health-promoting lifestyle

Attachment Subsystem- most critical Dependency Subsystem- promotes helping behaviour Ingestive- has to do with what, how much, how Eliminate- when, how and under conditions Sexual- dual functions Achievement- to control an aspect of self Aggressive-protective- protection and preservation

Metaparadigms

Person- behavioural system with patterned Nursing- external force that acts to preserve the organization Environment- consists of factors that are not part of BMS

Betty Neuman §

LOD- Line of Defense -­‐ -­‐

Sister Callista Roy § § §

Roy Adaptation Model Adaptation- a conceptual framework for nursing Considered a “systems” model

Defines: -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐

Adaptation- process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons Nursing- health care profession that focuses on human life processes Nursing science- developing system of knowledge Nursing practice- essential services

Systems Model Theory

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Primary Prevention- reduction of possible risk factors Secondary Prevention- reduce the noxious effects Tertiary Prevention- adjustment of processes

Major Concept of her Theory o o o o

Content- comprise the whole client system Entrophy- process of energy depletion Flexible LOD- protective Normal LOD- usual state of LOD

LOR- Line of Resistance -series of concentric circles § §

Stressors- environmental factors Prevention- primary nursing intervention

Goal of Nursing- promotion of adaptation for individuals and groups in 4 adaptive models

Defines:

4 Adaptive Models

Person- multidimensional being

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Physiological- physical and chemical processes Self concept-focuses on psychological and spiritual integrity Role function- roles that indivuals occupy in society Interdependence- close relationship of people and their purpose

Defines: Person- holistic human adaptive system Health- state and process of becoming integrated and a whole Environment- stimulate the person to make adaptive responses

Environment- totality if the internal and external forces Health- equated with wellness Nursing- unique profession concerned with all variables

Imogene King § §

Founder of king international group Goal Attainment Theory

3 Frameworks -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ -­‐

Personal- how the nurse views Interpersonal- how the nurse interrelates Social- how the nurse interact Action- means of behaviour Response- reacting Interaction- deals with the clients

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Open system- absence of boundary existence Preposition- if goals are achieved, satisfaction happens

3 health needs 1. Information 2. Care for illness prevention 3. Total care Metaparadigm

Hildelgard E. Peplau § § §

Roles of Nurse in Therapeutic Relationship o o

Person- existing in open system Health- ability of person to adjust stressors Environment- process of balance Nursing- interacts and communicate with the client

Theory of Interpersonal Relations Nursing is therapeutic Middle Ranged theory

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Stranger- offering the client the same assistance Resource- providing specific answers to questions Teacher- helping the client to learn formally or informally Leader- offering direction Surrogate- substitute Counsellor- promoting experience

Metaparadigm Person- developing organism

Ida Jean Orlando § §

Deliberative Nursing Process -motion by the behaviour of patient

5 stages 1. Assessment-completes a holistic assessment of patient’s needs 2. Diagnosis- uses clinical judgement about health problems 3. Planning- problems identified in the diagnosis 4. Implementation- uses the nursing care plan 5. Evaluation- looks at the progress of the patient Goal: nurse to act deliberately rather than automatically Metaparadigm Human- an individual in need Health- being without physical or emotional discomfort Environment- occurs when there’s a nursepatient contact Nursing- distinct profession

Environment- existing forces Health- word symbol that implies forward movement Nursing- significant therapeutic interpersonal process

Madeleine Leininger • •

Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory Mid-range theory

Metaparadigm • • •

Person- caring and capable of being concerned about basic needs Environment- Not defined Nursing- a learned humanistic and scientific profession focused on human care phenomena

Professional Nursing Care- formal and cognitively learned professional care knowledge Culturally Congruent (Nursing) Ethnonursing- the study of nursing care beliefs

Transcultural Nursing- evolving knowledge and practices related to new field

Joyce Travelbee •

Human to Human Relationship Model -an experience or series of experiences between a nurse and the recipient of his or her care.

Interactional Phases • • • • •

Original Encounter- first impression by the nurse of sick person Emerging Identities- the time when relationship begins Empathy- the ability to share in the person’s experience Sympathy- the nurse wants to lessen the cause of patient’s suffering Rapport- describes as nursing interventions

Metaparadigm Person- human being Health- subjective and objective Environment- human condition and life experiences encountered by the patient Nursing- interpersonal process