The Feasibility Of Water Powered Flashlight Compared To Vinegar Powered Flashlight

______________________________________________________________________________ THE FASIBILITY OF WATER POWERED FLASHLIGHT COMPARED TO VINEGAR POWERED FLASHLIGHT

A Research Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements In Practical Research 2

Senior High School Quezon National High School

Maria Claudette A. Aggasid Michelle B. Dela Cruz Rolly James A. Gabuyo

S.Y. 2019-2020

CHAPTER I I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Light is the integral aspect of our survival on Earth. In the absence of this need we use alternative source of light such as fuel based lamps and emergency light/bulbs that emit sufficient light to illuminate objects in the dark and make them visible in the eye. But fuel based lamp such as kerosene lamps have the lowest light output and emergency light runs out of battery and need to be charged.

This is a type of called “Galvanic Cell” having 2 different types of metals and is connected by a salt bridge. It works like a typical battery uses water as its electrolyte. It will serve as a replacement for toxic chemicals used in regular batteries (Casimiro, 2014). Scientist have discovered a new way of generating electricity using water, the first innovatory method for 200 years. A team of Canadian researchers

has found out that an

electrical current can be produced between the ends of microscopic channel when a fluid flow through it. The technique offers a potential source of clean, no polluting electric power with a variety of possible uses, ranging from powering small devices such as calculators or mobile phone to vast stations that can contribute to the national grid. The ions that have a charge opposite to a solid are preferentially attracted to the channel (remembering that opposite charges attract with each other) and transported to the far end. The ions of the same charge of the solid are preferentially left behind at the inlet side of the channel. Therefore, the liquid of the two ends of the channel have opposite charges. This produces a voltage difference. If a conducting electrodes are placed at the two ends of the channel and connected by a wire, then current flows and electricity produced (Highfield, 2003). Hence, the researcher came up with the idea of creating a prototype of “water and vinegar powered flashlight” that will serve as a contribution to an eco-friendly community. This

flashlight never runs out of battery simply because water is everywhere and it also does not pollute the environment with toxic chemicals associate with conventional energy storage devices.

II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to ascertain the feasibility of Water powered flashlight compared to Vinegar powered flashlight. 1. How long does the flashlight last if it uses the different volume of : a) Water a. 10 mL b. 20 mL c. 30 mL b) Vinegar a. 10 mL b. 20 mL c. 30 mL 2. Is there a significant difference between the flashlight powered by water and flashlight powered by vinegar when grouped according to volume. III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This research will be significant to the following entities: Household in the Urban Area and in Rural area- - this research will be helpful for those who live in urban area especially when there are times that the urban places are experiencing power shortage or power where cut off and when there are calamities, this product can help in the way that there will be substitute light during period of crisis. Rural areas are not usually reached by electric lines, this research will be helpful to them especially those who are in need of light in the night and those poor families who can’t afford to pay bill for the current.

Environment- this study will benefit the environment because the product that will be produce is an eco-friendly product, it will not cause environmental harm. It will also help to reduce pollution that cause by chemicals and dead batteries thrown away anywhere. For the future researchers-it will serve as a basis for those researchers who are interested to enhance or improved the improvised water powered flashlight and vinegar powered flashlight. IV. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION The construction of a water powered flashlight and vinegar water powered flashlight can be compared to a conventional battery. A conventional battery has the components of electrodes and electrolytes; same with the water powered flashlight and vinegar having the zinc strip and the copper strip as the electrodes and the water and vinegar itself as the electrolytes. A water powered flashlight and vinegar powered flashlight is limited to test and power up a flashlight.

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter studies about the feasibility of Water powered flashlight compared to Vinegar powered flashlight, Review of Related Studies and Review of Related Literature. Related Studies Saltwater Battery (HYDRALIGHT) This new line of hydralight products is powered by water-activated hydracell energy cell. The hydralight incorporate a commonplace alloy and other eco-friendly elements that when hydralight instantly produce a steady flow of electric current. The current is maintained at the same level throughout the lifetime of the cell. No more fading headlights and dimming flashlights-the hydralight makes battery-powered woes obsolete. The technology involves a simple ion exchange that is activated by ordinary saltwater. To swith it on, simply remove the hydralight cell from the lantern, dip it in saltwater for 10-15 second, and replace it back to the hydracell for hours of instantaneous light and power. Just a few dips in water can charge the cell for days, providing over 250 hour of power. The hydralight is ideal for a car camping trips, off-the-grid adventure, boating and especially activities by the sea, as the ocean provide an endless supply of power. And when you’re not near the sea, all you need to do is to combine water with few tablespoon of salt and dip in the hydracell for an equivalent source of power. This eco-friendly energy efficient technology is delivered in rugged, portable and adaptable form. The product is designed to be used in any temperature or weather condition, rain or shine. Gone are the dark days when you realize you’ve forgotten your extra batteries for camping trip- now you just add water. These durable cells can be restored when dry prior for the initial use for more than 25 years. Once activated, the cells can be dip repeatedly, and are easily refurbished as well. Not only does the hydralight provide hours of light, but the product is integrated with the USB ports for charging cellphones and other compatible devices. The products include super cell combination

lantern/charger, personal lantern, utility lantern, utility down light and accessory light. The company also offers two styles of flashlight as well as utility power pack. Everything is listed on the hydralight website (Ellis, 2017). Lemon battery The citric acid in the lemon provided the electrolyte component. A galvanized nail provided the zinc anode (negative terminal), and a copper penny provided the cathode (positive terminal). (Home School and Things) In the case of the copper and zinc strips, the copper holds onto its atoms more strongly than the zinc does. The zinc strip is therefore more negative than the copper strip, and the electrons from the zinc to the copper. When the forces are eventually balanced, the copper strip ends up with more electrons than the zinc strip. The zinc strip now has fewer electrons, and it cannot attract the zinc ions back to the strip. If the battery just had water in it, not much more would happen. But the coca cola battery has water plus phosphoric acid. The vinegar battery has water plus acetic acid. An acid is something that has an easily detached hydrogen ion. Hydrogen ions are positive, and the remaining part of the acid becomes negative when it loses hydrogen ion. In our two batteries, the remaining parts are the phosphate ion and the acetate ion, respectively. So what happens when those entire positively charged zincs ion bump into those negatively charged phosphate ions? The phosphate ion is strongly attracted to the zinc ion than to the hydrogen ion. The positively charged hydrogen ion is attracted to the copper strip has the extra electrons, and thus negative (opposite charges attract). The hydrogen ions attract the electrons from the copper, and become neutral hydrogen atoms. These join up in pairs to become hydrogen molecules, and form bubbles on the copper strip. Eventually the bubbles become big enough to float up to the surface and leave the system entirely.

Now the copper strip no longer has the extra electrons. It attracts more from the zinc strip trough the connecting wire, as it did when it first connected the wire. Related Literature HOW DO BATTERIES WORK? Electricity, as you probably already know, is the flow of electricity through a conductive path like a wire. This path called a circuit. Batteries have three parts, an anode (-), a cathode (+) and the electrolyte. The cathode and anode (positive and negative side either end of a traditional battery) are hooked up to an electrical circuit. The chemical reaction in the battery causes a buildup of electrons at the anode. This results in an Electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. You can think of this difference as an unstable build-up of the electron. The electron wants to rearrange themselves to get rid of this difference. But they do this in a certain way. Electrons repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons. In a battery the only place to go is to the cathode. But, the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able get to the cathode. In the picture above, the electrons go through the wire, lighting the light bulb along the way. This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit. However, these electrochemical processes change the chemicals in anode and cathode to make them stop supplying electron. So there is a limited amount of power available in a battery. When you recharge a battery, you change the direction of the flow of electrons using another power source, such as solar panels. The electrochemical process happens in reverse, and the anode and cathode are restored to their original state and can gain provide full power. How does electrolyte work?

Electrolyte serves as catalyst to make a battery conductive by promoting the movement of ions from the cathode to the anode on charge in reverse on discharge. Ions are electrically charged atoms that have lost or gained electrons. The electrolyte of a battery consist soluble salts, acids, or other bases in liquid, gelled and dry formats. Electrolyte also comes in a polymer, as used in the solid-state battery, solid ceramic and molten salts, as in the sodium-sulfur battery. Electrochemical cells An electrochemical all generally consist of two half-cells, each containing an electrode in contact with an electrolyte. The electrode is an electric conductor (such as a metal or carbon) or a semi-conductor. Current flows through the electrodes via the movement of electrons. An electrolyte is a phase in which charge is carried by ions. For example, a solution of table salts (sodium chloride, NaCl) in water is an electrolyte containing sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (CL-). When an electric field is applied across this solution, the ions move: Na toward the negative side of the field and Cl toward the positive side.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Water – serve as the electrolyte Vinegar – serve as the electrolyte Zinc Strip – serves as the anode (negative terminal) Copper strip - serves as the cathode (positive terminal) Electrolyte – the chemical solution in which an electrical current is carried by the movement and discharge of ions. Electrode – a conductor, usually piece of metal, used to lead electricity(electrons) onto or out of region. Acetic acid - is a synthetic carboxylic acid with antibacterial and antifungal properties having the chemical formula CH3COOH.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodol0ogy include the Research Design, Research Locale, materials, procedure and statistical treatment. Research Design Experimental Research Design will be used to determine the feasibility of water powered flashlight compared to the vinegar powered flashlight. Research Locale This study will be conducted in the First Semester of S.Y. 2019-2020. The preparation of the flashlight powered by water and the flashlight powered by vinegar will be done at the Researchers Residence.

Experimental Procedure Step 1: Gathering Tools & Materials

Parts & Materials: - PVC Pipe 4" Long (3/4"Ø) [Local Hardware] - PVC Coupling 3/4" to 1" [Local Hardware] - Recycled 3xLED Torch [Inventory = Free] - Toroidal Core/ Bead [Recycled From CFL Bulb] - 2N3904 Gen. Purpose NPN Transistor [Radioshack] - 1K Ohm Resistor (1/4w) [Radioshack] - Cooper & Zinc Strip [Local Hobby Shop] - Magnet Wire/ Copper Wire [Inventory/ Local Hardware] - 4 Sheets Of Tissue Paper [Toilet/ Bathroom] - 2x2" Sheet of Acetate [Bookstore/ Office Supplies] Tools & Equipment: - Leatherman MultiTool - Soldering Iron - Hot GlueGun - Teflon Tape - Super Glue

Step 2: Preparing the Power Cells2 More Images The power cell is the flashlight's main source of energy. Basically there are two strips of metal, one for the anode and one for the cathode. The "Copper Strip" will provide the positive energy while the "Zinc Strip" for the negative. Procedures: Assembling The Power Cell: 1st.) Roll tissue paper around the "Copper Strip" until reach the 3rd sheet. 2nd.) After reaching the third sheet, roll the "Zinc Strip" until it reaches the final sheet, which is the 5th sheet. 3rd.) Now tie some copper wire around the PowerCell, this prevents tissue from tearing once it gets wet. 4th.) recycle a pulley since it fits snugly on the PVC Coupling, puncture 2 slits for the metal strips to fit in. 5th.) Insert both metal strips through the pully's hole and seal/ waterproof it using epoxy/ superglue/ hotglue Step 3: Assembling the Joule Thief 2 More Images What's A Joule Thief? A "joule thief" is a circuit that helps drive an LED light even though your power supply is running low. What can we do with it? We can use it to squeeze the life out of our drained batteries. Bottom-line, this circuit makes LEDs glow even at low voltages. Step 4: Combining the PowerCell & Joule Thief So came to a realization that the flashlight, uses to two separate projects, the PowerCell and the Joule Thief circuit, in order to work.

\Step 5: Preparing the Water Storage Cylinder

Get a 4" long PVC pipe then glue a small piece of acetate, this see if the flashlight still has water. Step 6: Fill Her Up!

Just fill in tap water and ready to go! (ASCAS)

CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA