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zpYMe'lKa, zpyMeU'lKy > zpyMe'lKy. Heo6H'IaH je npHMep KOpe'laK, O.D: KOp(Uj)eu, KOjH MapeTHn 1963:320, Ma .D:a HjeKaBa[(, HaBO.D:H caMO y TOM 06JIHKY. PMC HMa KOpe'laK eKaBCKH, HjeK. Kopje'laK, 6e3 L'(wraTa. 1.9.21. -B'I(a)IC, .D:BOCTpYKH .D:eMHHymBHH CY pj. MOTHsaQHjy cy H3ry6MJIe.H peqH Kao iipeza'la (no CKOKY O.ll. OCHOBe mafona Ha -iipeZHyWu, npeMaiipe3aWU-XeM).Kuja.la (SpCTa 6aTHHe, MnH .lI.pSeHa Hanpasa 3a llJIamelbe pHGe: no CKOKY O.ll. npa cnoseHCKor (KbYb 'MaJl,'), K)'iilIIa'la (O.ll. 3aCTapenor Kywao, -iilIIa), {lJlaua'la (MO)l(.lJ.a sapHjaHTa O.ll. (lJlaKa'la, a oso O.ll. fnafOJIa [xj{lJlaKawu: S. CKOKa no.ll. Max M CTesanosHna 1964 1:558) H HeKe .lI.pyre. .lI.HCMMlUIaQMja nOHOBJl,eHOf 'l, KaKBY CMO BH.lJ.enH ca cyqnlKcoM -a'l (U36JlaKa'l M cn.), jasJl,a ce H OS.lI.e, y HapUKa'la H y jom HeKonHKO pe~Hx pe '1M: Ha6JlaKa'la (MeKa oGyna, Ha3ysaK), lIaWUKaqa (HCTO), iipeC8JlaKa'la (HonHa KomyJl,a, no PMC). 1.28.1. Cy
CycpHKcau.Hja
3]
WluliaK H CJI., He pa1.fYHajynH OHe y KojHMa ce OCHOBa Bell 3aBplllaBa Ha na JlaTaJI, Kao ZOOUUllbaK, OU6lbaK, iUpeliaK. YCJle.D: CBera Tora, -IbiiK H -JbiiK (H -UliUiiK) CTeKJIH cy H CTaTyC noce6HHX Cy
1.10.1. -AKI-jOK ce npBeHCTBeHo .D:o.D:aje Ha npH.D:eBCKe OCHOBe, a H3Be .D:eHH[(a 3Ha'iH 6Hlie HJlH npe.D:MeT Koje nOce.D:Yje OcOOHHY H3pa)KeHY npH.D:e BOM (MyuaK = rJlyn 'IOBeK); MO)Ke HaCTaTH H YHHBep6a[(HjoM, Tj. Kao KpatiH 06JlHK CHHTarMe C.D:OTH'IHHM npH.D:eBOM y npBOM ,!(eny (IIPlbaK [(PHO BH HO, oculbaK = OCHa.e rHe3.D:O), a HeKH nyr ra MopaMO MOTHBHcaTH H CJlO)Ke HHjHM CHHTarMaMa (oeUllbaK - oHaj ICO ce cn~H .D:eCHOM PYICOM; BO HJlH leoa Ha .D:eCHOj CTPaHH 3anpere). Meljy Ha3HBHMa 3 a Jb y .D: CK a 6 H Ii a HajnooHaTHjH npHMepH cy 6(j)eUliilaK, MyiiaK, AyoaK (y XpB. jOTOBaHO, Ay~aK), UpOCiUaK, OU6IbaK, 'I.y oaK (C 063HPOM Ha 3Ha'lea.e, 6Hiie .D:a je y npaBy Iia6Hn, KOjH ra H3BO.D:H H3 OCHOBe npH.D:eBa 'lyOau, He O.D: 'lYOO), 60xjaK ('npocjaK' HJlH 'HecpeIiHHK, 13 PMC liMa ABe O.llpe.llIlHl.\e 6ocjaK: y 31l3'1CIf>Y 'IlCnonc:OBllH BO' ('60c so' 1C0.ll CKO Ka, S. V. 6oc) If K30 PYCH33M Y 3Ha'ie1bY 'CHpOMax, 6ecKYIiHHK; npOnaJIHl.\a'. 14 OB.lIC je npHKnaJIHHja napaq,pala 'nac CnH'IaH BYI<JI' HCro ' By~jU nac'. HanpoTHB, pe'lH MuwjaK 'MHWjli H3MeT" Ma'ljaK 'M3'1jH H3MeT" iiacjaK (,'10BeK nacje HapaBH', '3y6 O'ilbaIC' Ii jOlll HeK3 3Ha'leH.a y PMC), K03jaK (HalIiB 6HJblCe) CBaKaKO 6HCMO H3BO.llHnH H3 npMeS3 MuWju (Ma'lju, iiacju, K03jU) ca cy$HKCOM -UK.
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33
Tsop6a PC'Hi Y CaSpCMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy$HKcallHja
nponao 'lOBeK'), lle6aK (Jbe6aK) H jOToBaHO OeWR>aK, ,naHaC 3aCTapenO HO 6aK ('HoBajnHja', 'perpyr', 'HcKymeHHK' HT,n., yn. H H06aK Kao HMe H npe 3HMe), nOKpajHHcKo JWpili6aK, UpeOR>OK ('OHaj KO MAe HJIH ce HaJIa3H npe,n KHM', Bolja rpyne y cnopry', TaKolje 3a JKHBOTHH>e y HeKonHKO 3Ha'leH>a npe,nBo,nHHK CTa,na, npe,na.H BO y japMY HT,n.), CpeOR>aK ('ceJbaK cpe,na.er HMOBHor CTaa.a', 'KOH> y cpe,nHHH Cilpere', jom ,nBa 3Ha'leH>a y PMC). Ha JIa3HMO ra, ,naJbe, y Ha3HBHMa pa3HHX Bpcra Jby,nH Kao 'lOP06R>OK, cilipY'lR>aK, HecilipY'lR>aK, Y'lelbaK, I.IpKeeR>aK, Ceeili06R>aK, UpUpOOR>aK, C/10600R>aK, HapOOR>aK (npHna.nHHK Hapo,nHe CTpaHKe, 3a ,npyra 3Ha'leH>a B. HHJKe), y H3Be,neHHl(aMa H3 npH,neBa 3a CTPaHe CBeTa, jYXR>OK, cOJe6ep R>aK,30UaOR>OK, UCiliO'lR>aK (CBe H Kao H113HBH BeTpOBa), a HapO'lHTO y HMe-. HHl(aMa o,n npH,neBa KOjH H3paJKaBajy KapaKTepHe oc06HHe, Kao eeCe.tbaK, 060IlU'lR>OK, yIlU'lR>aK, 6e3a31leR>aK, uOWilieR>aK, HeCupeiliR>aK, OC06eR>aK, ilipe36eR>OK, YIlU'lR>aK, ce6U'lR>aK, JWpa'lR>aK, 6e36oxR>aK HT,n.
,n03eMl(a HnH Bo,neHe 3MHje, npeMa PMC), 6y6pexR>aK (BH):{H HHJKe, 1.10..7.2), iliepeiliR>aK (KaMHoH, TepeTHH B03, TepeTHH BaroH), KUCe.tbaK (KH cena BOAa, TaKolje Ha3HB 6HJbKe), 6p3aK (6p3H TOK Bo,ne, 6p3Hl(a, anH H 6p3 KOH> Hn\l yceB KOjH paHo ,nocneBa, npeMa PMC).
FOOUWR>aK ,naHac yrnaBHoM 3Ha'iH 'ro,nHmH>a KH>Hra' (BH,nHjom HeKa 3Ha'lelba y PMC; EyrapcKH 1997:108 6eneJKH H JKaproHcKY YHHBep6al{Hjy 200UWR>OK = ro,nHmH>H O,nMOp). 3HaTHO 'lemhe Hero OBa HMeHHl(a jecy H3 Be,neHHl(e o,n CnOJKeHHX npMAeBa C 6pojeM, THna iliP0200UWR>OK, oeooece ili0200UWR>OK HT,n. (O,n iliP0200UWR>U HT,n.).
3a HOBHjH <paMHJIHjapHH H Me,nHjcKH je3HK THnH'me cy YHHBep6al(Hje Kao uep6ep3R>OK (nepBep3aH 'lOBeK), KYlliliypR>aK (KynrypHH pa.nHHK), MU pOeR>OK (npHna.nHHK MHpOBHor nOKpeTa), 'leCTO H y3 HOBa 3HaqeH>a HeKHX TPaAHl(HOHaJIHHX H3p113a Kao lliTO cy C/10600R>aK (ca.na: en060,nHH YMeT HHK) HJIH HOPOOR>OK (H3Boljaq Hapo,nHe My3HKe, TaKolje KOMn03Hl(Hja Tor JKaHpa). CBeMY OBOMe TPe6a ;D;o,naTH H H3Be,neHHl(e o,n rnaronCKor TPnHor npMAeBa, CKOPO YBeK HeraTHBHor 3Ha'lelba: CAfeilieR>OK, CAfyweR>OK, 3aHece R>aK, HeCAfOilipeR>aK, 060)eWeR>OK, OKa'leR>aK, UOK60peR>aK, upeupeOeR>OK, uoiliYP'leR>OK HT,n. 300JIOllIKH TepMHHH cy KU'l.MeR>OK H 6eCKU'l.MeR>aK. ilOpR>aK ce O,nHO CH je,nHaKO Ha Jby,ne, JKHBOTHlbe H npe,nMeTe. Meljy H113HBHMa npe,nMeTa nOHeKH HMajy Cnel(H
1.10.2. MaH>H je 6poj H3Be,neHHl(a o,n H M e H H 'l K H X 0 CHOB a. H OHe Mory 03HaQaBaTH Jby,nCKa 6Hna, Kao uyciliUR>aK. 3eMJbaK, ,naHac yrJlaB HOM 3aCTapeno eojaK, oO)eoaK (no PMC 'CTapau yonmTe' HJIH '6y,nana, Jly,na'), CjOToBalbeM Ce.tbaK, po~aK, UMeR>aK, iipe3UMeR>aK, oO)e'laK (CKOK, s. v. oujeilie, cMaTPa ,na je OCHOBa o,n ,neMHHyrHBa o[uj)eili[aJ/f, anH ,nony mTa H Ey,nMaHHjeBY npernOCTaBKy ,na je o,n o[j}eIJll), ca oqyBaHHM j Ben nOMeHyro JWyxjaK. 3Ha'lajHY rpyny ca'lHlbaBajy eTHHl{H, npeTeJKHO o,n HMeHa 60caHCKHX rpa.nOBa (Ty3/laK,
HHue 0.11. tpnHor npH.Il.eBa THlIa UOKBUpelOaI(' IhHX CMO Hna!( CBpcraIIH MeQy npHJleBCKe jep -rpnHH npHll.CB HMa H npHll.CBcKY ynOTpe6y, urn>
:Ill
06J1I1K
OOUlQO, -IUJIQ. -IUI/O
He BRlKH.
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35
Taop6a pe'lll y caspeMeHOM CPflCKOM je3l1KY
Cyq,MKcaUHja
SOTHfbY OJ{ N rOJ{HHa, Y'IeHHKa N-Tor pa3peJ{a, sojHHKa N-Te jeJ{HHHue, HOSt.!Hn OJ{ N MafbHxjeJ{HHHua, gype oJ{ N jeJ{HHHua Mepe HTJ{.)16, rum HH jeJ{HO OJ{ THX 3Ha'iefba HHje YCTaJbfHO y ynOTpe6H. OTyJ{a cy MHora OJ{ OSHX 3Ha'iefba y PMC HJIYCTposaHa caMO ITO jeJ{HHM UHTaTOM, a 1T0HeKe OJ{ peJ{HHue cy nomYHO 6e3 UHTaTa.
6JbaK ('MeCTO rJ{e HMa MHoro JKa6a': yrr. H TonOHHM )/(a6JbaK), Cp6JbaK (Up KBeHa KH:.Hra), 30pa6JbaK (Mne'IHH peCTopaH); y nOCneJ{fba 'leTHpH npHMepa seposaTHo je Jb sen 6HJIO y OCHOBH, YKonHKO cy H3BeJ{eHH OJ{ Ulu6Jbe, xa 6Jbu, Cp6aJb OJ{HOCHO 30pa6Jbe. OcTaje CMpOJbaK (no PMC 'CMPJt1bHBaU' HnH 'MeCTO rJ{e CMPJ{H'), aJIH H ry je -Jb- HajsepOBaTHHje npe}'3eTo H3 npHJte sa CMPOJbU6 (yn. Ha3HSe 6HJbaKa CMpOJba, CMpOJbe6aK, CMpOJbUKa).
1.10.5. TIoce6HY BHTaJIHOCT osaj cyqmKc je nOKa3aO y HosHjeM $aMH JIHjapHoM rOBopy H y JKaproHY, 0 'feMY je Y BHwe Maxosa nHcao PaHKO Jiy rapCKH (B. JiyrapcKH 1997 H JiyrapcKH 200P). CaMO y npSOM OJ{ OBa J{sa pa.rta OH je 3a6eneJKHO 'iaK 147 npHMepa HOSHX JKaprOHH3aMa Ha -iiK, -Ibax H -JbiiK. Taj 6poj, HcrnHa, Tpe6a peaJIHCTH'iKH npoueHHTH, jep Kao WTO H caM aYTOp npHMeliyje, pet.! je ,,0 qlJlyHJtHOj H npOMeHJbHsoj MaTepHjH", H "MHore pe'iH (OJ{HOCHO H:.HXOSa 3Ha'fefba) ca Hamer CITHCKa sen J{aHac cy 3aueno saH ynOTpe6e" (1997:112). )J(aprOHH3MHMa je noce6Ho csojCTBeHa lTJlaTHceMHja, HJIH "WHpOKH pacnOH 3Ha'iefba" KaKO ra Ha3HSa JiyraPCKH. TaKo, peUHMO, OU6JbaK, He pa 'iyaajynH Tpa.rtHu;HOHaJIHa 3Ha'iefba, y JKaproHy 3Ha'fH "ueo HH3 HJIeraJIHHX YCTaHosa H aKTHSHOCTH, cse nrro ce pa.rtH Ha UPHO .•. y3 TO ... JIaJKHO HMe; JIOwa p06a; Hat.!HH Hrpe Ha JIOTOY, 6e3 CHCTeMa; spcTa $pH3ype y a$po-CTH JIy" H jow nOHeWTO (CTp. 106); lIaXlbaK MOJKe 6HTH "naJKHH npoH3s0J{ _ HOB'iaHHu:a, caT, $HpMa Ha OJ{eSHOM npeJtMery H J{p.; JIaJKHa npeTfba; sapKa TeJIOM y cnopry" (CTp. 107). HajsenH J{eo )KaproHH3aMa HaCTaje YHHsep6a UHjOM, Kao y J{06po n03HaTOM 6Y6JbaK 6yBJba nHjaua, y nonyJIapHHM 6eo I'}5a.rtCKHM TOnOHHMHMa 3enelbaK (= 3eneHH BeHau), CiiiyoelbaK (= CryJ{eHT CKH rpa.rt, C npOH3S0JbHO CKpalieHoM OCHOSOM), IJaoulbaK (= TIa.rtHHcKa CKe JIa), y KOXlbaK (KO)KHH KaITYT), Oe8U3lbaK (J{esH3HH pa'iYH), o6oco6lbaK H iiipoco6lbaK (J{soc06HH OJtH. TpOC06HH CTaH), zpyUlbaK (rpynHH ceKc) HTJ{. TIPH TOM HHje HeonxOJ{HO J{a ynpaBHa HMeHHua 6YJ{e MYWKor pOJ{a, Kao WTO nOKa3yjy sen HaBeJ{eHH npHMepH 6Y6JbaK H IJaOU'lbaK, 3aTYIM YClbaK (YCHa
xapMOHHKa), p)"IlbaK (pyqHO 6au;aH:.e) H J{Pyro.
Jow jeJ{Ha cneUH$HqHOCT OSHX )KaprOHH3aMa, Ha KOjy TaKO~e YKa3yje JiyrapcKH, jecy $pa3eOJIOrH3MH y KojHMa HMeHHue, Ma.rta yrnasHoM HeJKH Bor 3Ha'ieaa, J{o6Hjajy aK}'3aTHB jeJ{HaK reHHTHsy: npe csera 1(a 6p3aKa (= Ha 6P3HHY), 3aTHM Ha OU6JbaKa (= J{HBJbe, Tj. He3aKOHHTO, MHMO nponHca), uliu iieUiaKa HnH neWHue), 3a ~a6aKa (ua6e) HTJ{.
1.10.6. 3a nocrojaae cy$HKca -JbaK, Kao Pa3JIH'lHTOr OJ{ -jiiK OJ{HOCHO -iiK CnaJIaTaJIH3au;HjoM, HeMa CHrypHHX J{OKa3a. OBaKaS 3aBpIlIeTaK ce jasJba caMO nocJIe OCHosa c JIa6HjanoM Ha Kpajy, npH 'leMY je Jb Morno HaCTaTH jo TOSalbeM KaO y 6p6JbaK sp6aK, Sp6HK), 306JbaK !6HJbKa), Ulu6JbaK, xa 16 BlIJUl npllMep pa3HIIX 3Ha'lelba pe'lll
CeOMQI(
KO.n; fieJlllha 1949:115.
1.10.7. CnH'IHO HeKHM cnyqajesHMa Koje CMO SH)l.eJIH paHHje, pe'lH ca Cy$KKCOM -Ibale TeWKO je pa3J1KKOBarn OJ{ OHIDe ca cy$HKCOM -iiK (nocJIe jo roBaHOr H, HnH nocne -Ib Kao y cpeolbaK, zoOuutlbaK). -AK OJ{HOCHO -jiiK Y CBa KOM enyqajy je npHMapHH Cy$HKC, na heMo lbeMy npHnHca:rn OHe H3BeJ{eHHu;e Koje ce MOry J{e$HHHCaTH nOMony npHJteBa Ha -H, Hnp. iioUliiien.aK (= iio UliiieH 'IOSeK), ciiipY'llbaK, iiipe36eIbaK, cpe6plbaK, iiiepeii1lbaK, MIIa3lbaK (-XlbaK), I1PlbaK Hen., Kao H OHe OJ{ rnaroncKor npH)l.eaa, rnlTa iiOK6apelbaK, 06(j)eUlelbaK, HnH OJ{ HMeHHue ca OCHOSOM Ha -l( (WUeHJaK, EOUIlbaK). 0 He KHM .rtpyrHM pe'lHMa tmja KJIacH$HKau:Hja oCTaje HeH3BeCHa BHJtH HIDKe. ilaJIaTaJIH3aUHja ce jaBJba y HesenHKOM 6pojy pe'lH, noroTOBY aKO He pa'lYHaMO OHe Y KojHMa HHje CHrypHO KOjH je cy$HKC nocpeJ{H. TIpHMep 3a K Morao 6H 6HTH ja6Y'llbaK, 3a z IIYXlbaK (xpaCT: OJ{ IIYZ) HJIH UlKpXlbaK (Bpera nYJKa), 3a x KoxyutlbaK (npeMa pe'lHHKy CAHY 03Ha'laBa J{Be BP CTe HHCeKTa), 3a 1I Kpiiiu'llbaK, o(j)e6U'llbaK (XHMeH), 3a 3 lIa060XlbaK, ii0060XlbaK, 3a C K,YuyutlbaK, iioiiiiipUllbaK (s. eneJ{eliH oJ{eJbaK H 1.10.7.5).
1.10.7.1. ~I3BeJ{eHHue OJ{ HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa 'IecTO 3Ha'le 3aca.rt 6HJbKe 03Ha'leHe MOTHSHOM HMeHHUOM, Kao y Koiipu6lbaK, jazoolbaK, K,Yily UllbaK, pyxU'llbaK, 1I6(uj)elilbaK, 6olilbaK, iiipa6/bOK, xuiiilbaK ('IbHsa ca JKHTOM', TaKolje ')KHTHHUa'), u06piiilbaK l7 HTJ{. Mory 3Ha'IHTH H CTaHHlllTa nojeJtHHHx JKHSOTHH:.a, Kao y pU61baK, Xa61baK, Kpiiiu'llbaK, iiiepMuiiilbaK, KOUlyiiilbaK (' MecTO rJ{e JKHBe KOlllYTe H jeJIeHH' : o'lYBaHo y 6eorpa.rtcKoM MHKpoTonoHHMY KOUlyiiilbaK). Pa3Ha J{pyra 3Ha'lelba HaJIa3HMO y K,YwlbaK, YMlbaK, O'llbaK, ciiiolllbaK, c6(uj)elilbaK, oUMlbaK, uaUilbaK, iiIIyiiilbaK (sp CTa xpaCTa OJ{ Kora ce J{06Hja nnYTa) HTJ{. Ha JbYJ{CKa 6Hna, 6ap OJ{ OBHX pe'lH 'IHja je OCHOBa HeCYMfLHBO HMeHH'IKa, OJ{HOCH ce CaMO allaiiieMlbaK 'npOKJ1eTHHK'. BpUilbaK (OJ{ 6pcii1a, no CKOK)' OJ{ npHJtesa 6pciiiall) J{aHac BHIlIe HHje MOTHSHcaHa peq. 1.10.7.2. HaseJ{eHHM pe'lHMa MornH 6HCMO npHKJbyqHTH H OHe Kao Kpe'llbaK, ZPYOlbaK, 6y6pexlbaK 18 , npeMa KojHMa nocToje npHJ{eBH 17 BepoBaTHO o.n; U06pli1b(l1( CMCHMHJJBUHjOM lilb > iilIb, KOO Y KyiilIhU, UPQ/leiiilhu. CKOK ra 1I3aOM 113 nplII(eaa U06piiiQH (s. v. 6pm), aJJl! Taj nplf,AeB, flOpe.n; rora InTO je Kpajlbe pe.n;aK, He OJU'OSBpa no 3Ha'lea.y: 'KOjH ce HaJJall! flO BpIOBHMa' (num PMC no.!l U06piiiHU). 18 no PMC 'Meeo OKO 6y6pera c 6y6peroM' Will ne'lelbe O.!l nKBor Meca. Jl.aHac je 'ieCTO y 3.n;paBCTBY Kao Ha3MB 3a MeTaJJHH cy.n; '6y6peJl
36
TBop6a pe'lll y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje311KY
Kpe'tHU, ZPYOHU, 6y6pexHu (UlTO 6H ynytlHBanO Ha CYCPHKC "j(iK), anH Koje ce 60Jbe MOTHBHllIY HMeHHIJ.aMa Kpe't, zpyou, 6y6pez. flaplbaK je CBaKaKO O.L\ HMeHHIJ.e, 6Y.L\ynH .L\a npH.L\eB ilapHU He 3HaqH 'KOjH je y napy C HeKHM' Hero caMO '.L\eJbHB ca .L\Ba'. 3a ZOOUIWbaK, HanpOTHB, BepOBaTHHje je.L\a .L\O naJH O.L\ npH.L\eBa (ZOOUIUH>U + ..aK : B. 1.1 0.1) Hero O.L\ zOOulUiUe + "lbaK. Ko.L\ noje.L\HHHX pe'lH, Haj3a,L1, MopaMO npH3Harn .L\a cy HHTepnpeTaIJ.Hje ca -(j)aK H -H>aK no.zUe.L\HaKO BepOBaTHe, H He Mo:lKeMO HX Ha cHny npHnHCHBa TH caMO je.L\HOM CyCPHKCy. TaKBH cy U6U'tH>GK U6U'tHU KaMeH HnH KaMeH Ha U6U'IU) H KYKYPYXlbaK (xne6 O.L\ KYKypY3a, O.L\ KYKYPY3H02 6pallIHa; no PMC MOEe :maqHTH H KOllI 3a KYKYPY3). TaKBH cy H uCiUo'tlbaK, 3aaaOH>aK, c(j)e6eplbaK, jYXH>aK ("qOBeK KOjH nornqe CHCToKa, KojH je H3 HCTO'lHHX 3eMaJ1,a" maCH .L\ecpHHHIJ.Hja Y PMC, CnH'IHO TOMe H ,,'10BeK ca 3ana,LIa (H3 3ana.L\He EBpone)"; y 3Ha'lelbY BeTpa MO)l{,Lla 6H npe.L\HOCT HMano H3BoljeH>e H3 npH.L\eBa - jYXHU BeTap HT.L\.).
1.10.7.3. EyrapcKJ1, Y CBOjHM pMoBHMa 1997 H 2001 1, 6eneEH Ha .L\e CeTHHe HOBMX X
Cy
37
japMeHu peMeH, a 3a (0)eiUpeH .L\aje 'IaK 'IeTHpH 3HaqeH.a, CBaKO HJJYC11'O BaHO no je.L\HHM IJ.HTaToM.) 1(pK6elbaK 6H ce Morno MOTHBHcarn 6HJlO HMe HHIJ.OM 6HJlo npH.L\eBOM (,,'IYBap upKBe H upKBeHH nocnYEHTeJb" .L\ecpHHH llIe ra PMC). ~e cna,LIajy no.L\ oBaj CYCPHKC MeoelbaK (= MeoeHu KOJIa'l), zy.. MelbaK, 600eH>GK H cn., Kao HH H3Be.L\eHHIJ.e O.L\ 11'nHor npH.L\eBa THna ito K6apelbaK, 3aHecelbaK, CMeiUelbaK, itoiUyp'telbaK HT.L\.
1.10.9. CYCPHKC -HH>aK .L\OnaJH yrnaBHoM Ha OCHOBe ca 3Ha'leH.eM HMeHa HeKe EHBOTHH>e H cnyEH .L\a 03Ha'lH lbeHO 60paBHUITe: u'te.llUlbaK, OCUlbaK, 36(j)epulbaK, Mpa6UH>aK, 3MujulbaK '3MHjCKO rHe3.L\O', zOlly6ulbaK 'rony6apHHK', eycUH>aK 'ryllI'IapHHK, CTaja 3a rycKe', 3e'lHlbaK HT.L\. JacHo je .L\a je nOCTaO O.L\ npH.L\eBa Ha "UH>U H cYCPHKca -aK, anH OCHM Y npBe .L\Be HaBe.L\eHe pe'lH, TH npH.L\eBH cy .L\aHaC 06H'IHHjH C .L\pyrHM CYCPHKcHMa (Mpa6lbU, 201ly6uju, 3MujCKU, npe Hero Mpa6UlbU H cn.), UITO nOTBpijyje .L\a ce "UH>aK ocaMOCTanHJIO. C .L\PYK'IHjHM 3Hal!elbeM nOMeHHMO oyoulbaK 'Me CTO r.L\e cy nocaijeHH .L\y.L\OBH, .L\Y.L\OB raj' H HaJHBe 6HJbaKa XOpatlUlbaK, 30pa6UH>aK, MeKUlbaK (nocne.L\H>a.L\sa cy C npH.L\eBCKOM OCHOBOM). He cna .L\a OBaMO aycmUH>aK (O.L\ iiyciUulba). CiUOiUUH>aK, Kao llITO nOKaJyje H aK.. ueHT, caMO je BapHjaHTa (npeTe)J(Ho xpBaTCKa) O.L\ ciUoiUuHaK. 1.10.10. CnoEeHH CYCPHKC -llITaK nOCTao je O.L\ -aK ca OCHOBaMa npH .L\eBa Ha -CKU (no Mapernny 1963:342 "lUiUaK, Koje je nOCTaJIO O.L\ IUnaK a TO O.L\ cK-jaK"). Je.L\HHa 06Hl!HHja pe'l .L\aHaC je 2oplUiUaK. HHaqe ra HaJIaJH MO Y HaJHBHMa 3a 'IOBeKa KOjH cnaBH O.L\peijeHY cnaBY, O.L\ npH.L\eBa Ha -o6!-e6 (QypQe6IUiUaK, Muiiipo6IUiiiaK), Ha -un (UiluHlUiiiaK: peqHHUH .L\ajy H 3HaqeH>e 'MeCeu. jyn') HnH C jOToBalbeM (jo6alblUiiiaK, HUKolblUiiiaK, MU xOlblUiUaK). Hey06H'IajeHe cy .L\pyre pel!H Kao iiIleMeHlUiiiaK 'canneMeHHK' HnH ,npe3HMelbaK, , iiIlaHUHlUiiiaK (= rOpllITaK), KpeMeHlUiUaK 'KaMeH y KO . , Me je MHOro KpeMeHa HT.L\. 1.11. -(A)Jb. CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:517 cMa11'a .L\a 3Hal!H "Cpe.L\CTBO 3a BpllIelbe pa.L\H>e" Y ,,'telUaIb (npeMa 'telUaiiiu), MiiKaIb (npeMa ManU) - 06a.. pal! Ha nYllIUH", TaKoije Y 6aoalb 'HeKa 11'aBa C60,LlJbHKaBHM nHllIheM' HJ1H '06M' H 6MaIb 'llIHJbaTO rBoElje Ha oCTaHY', 06a O.L\ 6ociiiu. t{HlbeHHua je, MeljyrHM, .L\a je 'telUaIb H3ry6HJ10 CMHcaOHY Be3Y ca 'telUaiUu (yronHKo npe llITO je 83 H>era HaKHa,LIHO H3Be.L\eH rnaron 'telUJbaiiiu), .L\OK je MaKaIb KpajH>e peTKa H, npeMa PMC, nOKP!ljHHcKa pe'l. C .L\pyre C1'paHe, OBHM pe l!HMa Tpe6a .L\O.L\aTH XU6a1b, r.L\e CYCPHKC HMa Heo.L\peljeHo KOneKTHBHO 3Ha '1elbe; cY.L\ellH no OCTaJIHM npHMepHMa, 6Hne .L\a je O.L\ rnaronCKe OCHOBe (xu6eiUu) npe Hero O.L\ npH.L\eBCKe.
38
TBop6a pe'lll y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCf(OM je:lIlKY
-AJL.
1.12. ITpaICTHtJHo caMO y 6aiUpatb H Y Ha3HBHMa KOlba Kao MP Katb, CU6atb, KyCatb, cy6atb 'ry6aB KOlb', 3eKatb (O,Z:l 3eKo) '3eJIeHKaCT KOlb' H cn. Y iiyiUatb 'neraB KOlb', y 60Zatb H Y ZPMatb MOTHBal..\Hjaje H3ry6JLeHa. 3aCTapenO je 'leiU6piUatb (Mepa 3a >KHTO), 3a koje CKOK (S. v. -iilb) HanOMH lbe ,Z:Ia 6H MOrJIO 6HTH H no aHaJIOrHjH ca
t/JpiUatb,
39
Cy$HKCal.lllja
O,Z:l HeM. Viertel.
1.13. -AHf-aH. Ma.z:Ia cy MapeTHl'i 1963:310 H JIeCKHH 1974:273 no cMaTpaJIH -aH H -aH Kao ,Z:\Ba pa3nH'IHTa Cy
a,
-AH je Ba>KaH CY
HO je 6HO XHnOKopHCTH'IaH, KaKaB je H l(aHac y BYKaH, BllaoaH, MUKaH,
MullaH, aJIH cy MHora O,Z:l THX HMeHa CTeKJIa TaKBY Y4eCTaJIOCT l(a cy nOTH
cHyna npB06HTHe ,Z:Iy)f(e 06nHKe: MUllaH, 30pau, CiliojaH, )J(u6aH, CpljaH,
EojaH HT,Z:I. OB,Z:Ie je Morna l(enOBaTH H aHaJIOmja C HMeHHMa J06aH, Jf6aH,
Cilie6aH, y KojHMa je -aH ,Z:Ieo OCHOBe, H3 rp'lKor. /(pazaH l(aHaC MO)f(e 6HTH
XHnOKopHCTHK O,Z:l /(pazO/by6, /(pazOClla6 H CJI., aJIH H 3ace6HO HMe.
CnO)f(eHH npe
1.13.1. -KaH, CY
1.13.2. -RmaH ,Z:Iona3H caMO y MatlUZUaH H ZOlluzuaH
zOlluzua(Jal4).
1.14. -AHa l . OBOM Cy
Y HajonWTHjeM cMHcny 03Ha'lasa rrpocTOpHjy HJIH 3rpW, 6HJIO ,Z:Iaje pe'l 0 YCTaHOBH (y cTapHjHM pe'lHMa Kao WTO cy xaucaHa, 6aj6oKaua, Ijy MpYKaHa), CKJIalIHWTy (6apyiliaHa, KJlKYPY3aHa), cnopTcKoM 06jercry (Ky ZIlaua, cilipetbaua, cOKollaua, iUepeiUalla) HJIH yrOCTHTeJLCKOM nOKaJIY (Ka ¢aua, 'lajaua). lloce6Ho je npo.nyrcrHBHo 3Ha'lelbe MeCTa 3a npoH:3BO.L\ffiy (<pa6pHKe, PallHOHHIJ.e, IJ.eHTpaJIe), Kao y Kpe'laHa, lfuZilaHa, 'lfPeuaHa, zue nepaHa, COllaHa, 'letlUliaHa Gel(HHH npHMep C rraJIaTaJIH3aIJ.HjoM OCHOBe), c6U1laHa, etleKiUpaua (iliepMO-, xuopoe.n.eKilipaHa), ilioiillaHa H cn.
BenH 6poj yrnaBHoM UIaJLHBHX HeOnOrH3aMa, Kao 6U1l0epaHa, ¢.tzu iiepaHa, OUilKaHa 'ny,Z:lHHl..\a' H CJI., 3a6eJIe>KHO je EyrapcKH 2001 1:66. )I(ap
rOHH3Me HCI..\PnuO Ha6paja H Pa.z:IHIi 2001:83-84, noce6Ho CeMaHTH'IKa npo WHpel:ba Ben nOCTojenHX pe'lH, Kao Kpe'laua 'H3JIarreJIOCT', '1e.n.U'laua 'MH WHnaB MYWKapal..\', Ileoaua '
Meljy.LIoca.z:I HaBel(eHe npHMepe TeUIKO ce yKJIarrajy UO/balla H o(Jopa Ha, 360r 3Ha'leB>a, a H 3aTO WTO MOry 6HTH HarnaweHe Ha npBoM CJIory, .LIOK CBe OCTaJIe HMajy HarnaUIeHO -aHa. 3a npBy CKOK Ka>Ke .ria je npacno BeHCKa H3Bel(eHHl..\a; 3a o(Jopana MHcnH ,Z:Ia je carpaljeHa Ol( 060P CBen no 3HaTHM hane, aJIH MapKoB (CTp. 154) yno30paBa l(a HCTa peq nOCTojH H y qeUIKOM, rl(e OBor TypcKor CY
1.15. -AHa 2 . TaKo 03HaqasaMo CY
B>era nOTnYHO Pa3JIHKyje H no nopeKJIy, H no 3HaqeILY H no aKl..\eHTY. ~eljy n03HaTltjHM npHMepHMa cy C(0)eiii.naua, rp030alla, CHe::JICaHa (Obe-), ropoaua, JbWbaHa, EWbaHa, 36(j}esoaHa, EojaHa, I((JO)eilialla. Ca Cy4)JfK
40
TBop6a pe'fH y CallpeMellOM CpnCKOM je:lHKy CycjJHKC8l{Hja
COM -jana cy Sopja1l.a, ropjana M Mupja1l.a (3a OBY nOCJIe.lUbY fPKOBMIi. 1977 npemOCTaBJLa ).'{a 6M MOrJIa 6HTH Ji a).'{anTHpaHM 06JIHK o).'{ xe6pejcKor MupjaM). HeKa o).'{ OBMX HMeHa MOrJIa 6M ce Ji3BO).'{HTH Ji MO~HOHHM CycjJHK COM -a O).'{ MymKHx Ha -a1l. (HUp. SOja1l.a O).'{ SojaH), O,ll. 3aje).'{HH'IKHX HMeHH ~a (JhUlbana O).'{lbWban) HJIM o).'{ nOMMeHH'IeHOr npH).'{eBa (J(pazaHa, CAalja 1 na: yn. CTeBaHoBMIi. 1964 :520). ETHMOJIOUlKH, TaKBa 6H 6HJIa '1aK M rop oana (O,ll. M. ropoan, o).'{ rp'lKor CBeTa'lKOr HMeHa Gordianos), aJIH 6y.n.ynM ).'{a je ropoan ).'{aHac ).'{aneKO peljH 06JIJiK M ).'{a "Hapo.n. OBO HMe BeJyje 3a npHJJ:eB rop.n." (fpKoBHn 1977 s. v. rOpoaHa), Ha CJiHXPOHHjcKOM HMBOy MopaMO OBO MMe aHanMJHpaTH Kao rOpo-aHa. llonYJlapHOCTH HMeHa C OBHM JaBpmeTKOM CHrypHO cy ).'{onpHHeJIa H CTpaaa )!(eHCKa MMeHa Kao Ta ilijana, CY3ana, POKcana, /(uja1l.a, Mapujalla, JYAujalla HT).'{.
1.16. -(A)u.. llpeTe)!(HO C rJIarOJICKMM OCHoBaMa, MO)!(e OJHa'iaBam noje).'{HHa'lHH '1HH Kao iiYlfalb, 'ly'lalb, lU]IUlalb, HJIH npe).'{MeTe nOBeJaHe C rJIarOJICKOM Pa.n.e.OM, Kao 3a6pilialb, ZU6alb (onpyra), Ui.Yllalb (TY'laK MJIH JBeKMp), 6alfalb ("HanpaBa Koja ce 6a~a ).'{a ce e.OMe pH6a XBaTa", TyMa'lH 1 CTeBaHOBHo 1964 :527); peJYJITaT pa.n.e.e 03Ha'laBajy pe:JICalb H peTKo cy UlQIb 'cyao JIHmne'. MOTMBa~Hjaje 'IeCTO 3aMarJheHa HJIH HJry6JheHa, Kao y cUi.yiialb, C6e:JICalb (o).'{ c6e3aUi.u), ce:JICalb (o).'{ ce3aUi.u), 3a60palb (O,ll. 3a 6p[ujJeUi.u y JaCTapeJIOM JHa'lelbY 'JaBynH', B. JIecKMH ]914:292); 6y6alb H Ui.yUi.alb BO,ll.e nopeKJIo o).'{ OHOMaTOnejcKHx rJIarOJIa 6y6aUi.u H *Ui.yUi.aUi.u, anH cy OBH ).'{aHac JaMelbeHH ).'{eHOMHHanHMa 6y6lbaUi.u O).'{HOCHO Ui.yUi.IbU Ui.u, na ·6MCMO 6ap Ui.yUi.alb, y caBpeMeHoj nepCneKTHBH, npe MOrJIH cMa-rpa ™ Ja ).'{eBep6an C HyJITHM CycjJHKCOM. O).'{ MMeHH'IKe OCHOBe je UOUi.uopalb; TaKolje HalMBH Mece~H Ui.pa6alb, c(JU6alb, Auualb, cpfialb (cuje'l.alb je O).'{ cjeliu, npeMa CKOKY), anH ce Te pe 'IH y Cp6HjH He yno-rpe6JhaBajy. Kao npecjJHKcanHo-cyqlHKcanHe MO)!(eMO TyMa'lHTH naK06alb, ii0600alb ('nOnJIaBa' npeMa PMC, HJIH Mo~).'{a Ta'lHHje 'BHcoKa Bo.n.a '), iiOUleUi.alb CLaufbahn' no JIecKMHY, 'OKpeTalbe y TO'lKa' npeMa PMC)19. -{A)1b ce jaBJba H Kao TonOHOMaCTM'IKH CycjJHKC, npe CBera y PUi.alb, Kpyiialb, Ktzaoalb, anM MOTHBaUHja THX MMeHa HMje jacHa. 19 JIeCKHHoBa .!\eejlMHHllHja H3rne.!\a Ta'fHHja O.ll OBe .!\pYl'e, aKO je CY.llHTH no n03HaToj aHel'.!\OTH H3 )loMaHOBHlieBHx celiaH>a Ha MHnOBaHa rnHlUHlia (1908), H3 BpeMella Ka.zt je oBaj, npeBo.!\elill "PaT H MHP", TpalKHO noje.!\HHe cpnCKe H3p83e. ,,_ Til CH H3 cena? _ Je npocrop caM. KOJla 3HalU lUTa cy? - 311aM. - A 3HalU JlH TH llalUY pe'f KaKO ce 30Be Ha OCOBHllH no KOMe ce Kpelie TO'faK 'fHBHje HOllOI' .!\pyl'OI' Kpaja? _ To He 3HaM. ( ...) nOCJle .!\Ba-TpH .llaHa pe'fe MH Pa.ztOCHO; - P83a6pao CaM; 0110 lUTO caM re OIlOMa.zt nll Tao 30Be ce no lU eTa H> '" " (BH.llH: MHJlOBall rJllllUllli, Jf3a6paHa Oetla, npHp. CJlo6o .llaH MapKoBHIi, })eorpa.zt 1958, CTp. 345-346.)
OH~
H3Me~y
n.
41
o CycjJHKCY -alb (c ,Il.yrHM a) rOBopH Mapemn (]963:312), anM AO K6alb ce .n.aHac He'BeJyje Ja HMeHHUY AOK6a, a .n.pyrH npHMepH Koje OH Ha BO.n.H ('lOKalb, KO'lalb,\KP6alb 'nOCTalba TaMHa', CKpaTKHM a KOUlUi.alb 'He Ka -rpaBa, nOCTalba TaMHa',) norOTOBY cy HeMOTHBHcaHH.
1.17. -Alba HMaMO npaKTH'IHO CaMO y iiymalba, yJ TO Y .n.aHac penrnM iliUK6alba ('6YH.D.eBa' HJIM 'THKBa' y nejopaTHBHOM JHa'lee.y, npeMa PMC) H Koilalba 'KOPHTO H3.u.y6eHO HJ UlHpOKor 6anBaHa'. JI06alba HJIH Ay6alba (B. CKOKa no.n. AY6) .n.aHac je HeMOTHBHcaHa peq. 3a YTBpljHBaH>e YIlore OBor cycjJMKca y TOnOHHMHMa Kao WTO cy Bopalba, /(06palba, 3pMalba (Mape THn 1963:312), Bp6alba, )[(yilalba, Bapalba HT,n. He,nOCTajy HaM npeUHlHH jH eTHMOJIOmKM no,naUH.
1.18. -(A)o ()!(eHCKOr po.n.a, y reHHTHBY -AU) TeWKO ce MO)!(e CMa-rpa TH CycjJHKCOM Y npaBOM CMHCJIY. llOMHH>eMO ra OB.n.e caMO JaTO mTO ra Me ljy cycjJHKCMMa (Ma.u.a He y TOM 06JlHKY) HaBO,ll.e CTeBaHOBHn (1964 1:510) H flecKHH (1914:290-291). llpSH ra npHKaJyje Kao -A(O), .n.aKJIe 06I1HKOM Ka KaB HHKa.n.a y crnapHoCTH HeMa; flecKHH ra Jose ,,1-&, skr. Nom. sg. -ao gen. -Ii". fJIaBHM npHMepH MOrJIH 6M 6HTH Mucao, Cnpe$HKCHpaHHM 06I1HUHMa 3aMUCaO, UOMucao, iipUMucao, iipOMucao, 3aTHM uozu6ao -6AU (BapHjaHTa O,n qemner uozu6e.t&) H HeKOIlHKO Kpajlbe Hey06H'IajeHHx pe'lH Kao iipezu 6ao 'npern6' (je,naH UHTaT y PMC), IlCne6ao 'HaJe6' (y PMC HJ BYKOBor Pje'lHHJCa, 6eJ ~HTaTa, C 03HaKOM "nOKp."), ibpacUi.ao 'HJPamTaj' (je.n.aH UHTaT y PMC) H ClIHlJHO. AlIH aKO Mucao npe.n.CTaBJha cjJOHeTCKH peJYJITaT o.n. *MUCA, MOrJIO 6H ce TBp.n.HTH .n.a Ty JanpaBO MMaMO HyJITH CycjJHKC; Ja lla3e6ao M U3paciliao, oneT, CTeBaHOBHn Ka)!(e ).'{a cy "y crnapH 06JIHUH pa.n.Hor rnarOJICKOr npH.D.eBa", nITO 6H 3Ha'iHJIO ,Il.a cna.n.ajy y KOHBep3Hjy (npOMeHY BpCTe pe'lH) a He y cycjJHKcaUHjy. CTeBaHOBHn HaBo,nH H HMeHH ue MYWKor po.n.a Kao KoUi.ao, opao, uocao, uaKao, yzao, Y3ao HT.n.., anH npH JHaje .n.a cy "pa3JIH'IHor JHaqelba H HeMOTHBHcaae", TaKO ,Il.a je PaJYM.lhHS lberOB KOHa'lHH 3aKJhyqaK 0 CBHM nOMeHYTHM MMeHHuaMa: .,OHe •.• He npe.n.CTaBlbajy CKOPO HHKaKaB HHTepec 3a HayKy 0 rpaljee.y peqH". 1.19. -Ap. OBO je je.n.aH o,n Hajnpo.n.YKTHBHHjHx HMeHHlJKHX cycjJHKca yonwTe, naje PaJYM.IhHBO nITO cy ce If>HMe 6aBHJIH MHorH aYTopH (flecKHH 1914:235, 242, CTeBaHOBMn 1964 1:531-533, AH'IHn 1966, Iia6Hn 1991:111-1 ]7, CTaKHn 1988:205-210, TepJHn Ii. 1999:111-116,,Il.a HaBe ,Il.eMO caMO HeKe o.n. BaX
42
TBop6a PC'IH Y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
llollywe, HanOMHEbe MOrynHOCT lla je -apb Ben nocTojaJJO y npacnOBeHCKOM (im Urslavischen), C THM WTO je 6HJIO Bpno cna60 npo.u.YKTHBHO, a OH.lJ.a je Harno Y'leCTaJJO 3aXBaJbyjyliH n03ajMJ'heHHuaMa. tIHH:.eHHl.(a je .u.a 6HCMO H .u.aHac pe'lH Y'IeHOr nopeKJIa Kao auoiileKap. 6uMU(JiileKap. 6eiilepuH.ap. MaHoaiilap, jy6U1lap MornH CMarpaTH .u.HpeKTHHM n03ajMHl.(aMa cpe.u.H:.OBe KOBHor naT. apothecarius, bibliothecarius HT.u.., r.u.e je caMO 0.u.6a'leH na THHCKH HaCTaBaK WTO Hac He Cnpe'laBa .u.a HX HCTOBpeMeHO YBPCTHMO H Y H3Be.u.eHHlI.e Ha -iip o.u. HMeHHlI.a ai10iileKa, 6u6AuoiileKa HT.u.. (OBa .u.pyra MoryliHOCT, HapaBHO, He Balf
1.19.1. Y Be3H c naJJaTaJJH3all.HjoM rpe6a noce6Ho cKpeHYTH nalf
Cy4>IIKCaQllja
43
CyMH:.HBO -ap y H3Be.u.eHIU.\aMa ca OCHOBOM Ha -l{ (Hnp. OeCHUIJap, 60AHU IJap, uOCAaciiluIJap, ZOCiilUOHUIJap) H y MaJJ06pojHHM pe'lHMa C .u. 0 M a Ii 0 M OCHOBOM Ha -K (IJaC06HUIJap. 3aUUCH.UIJap, C6[j]eiilUOIIUIJap). HecYM ILHBO je -uIJap y OHHMa r.u.e, 6ap y cpnCKOM, He nocrojH HHKaKBa OCHOBa Ha -I< HH Ha -q, Kao xeMUIJap. CUMPOIIUIJap. cUHiIiaKCUIJap. e6UOeHiiluIJap. xu zujeHuIJap. 3a HMeHHlI.e THiIa 6oiilaHUIJap, zpaMaiiluIJap. HeypoiiluIJap. KpU iiluIJap. AUpUIJap. caiilupU'Iap. MaiilehlaiiluIJap, iileopeiiluIJap, OOZMaiiluIJap. cxoAaciilu'Iap H CJIH'IHe, MeljymM, nOCTojaJJaje.u.HneMa KOjy o.u.palf
Y Be3H C OBHM Bpe.u.H nOMeHYTH H aHOMaJJHH 06nHK jma6UIJap, .u.y 6neT 0.u.ja3a6IJap. OBaj .u.pyrH 06JIHK Mopao 6H ce cMarpaTH npaBHJIHHjHM, 6y.u.yliH .u.aje pe'l 0 ncy KOjH JIOBHjma6qe (.u.OK *jma6uqa HHje nOCBe.u.O'le HO). finaK, y HopMaTHBHoj nHTepaTypH HHCMO HHr.u.e HaWJIH .u.a ce jma6u 'lap npornawaBa norpeWHHM; PMC ynyliyje jma6'1ap Hajma6u'Iap H caMO no.u. OBOM .u.pyrOM o.u.pe.u.HHlI.OM .u.aje l.(HTaTe. (Pe'lHHK AHHn 1998, Hanpo THB, 6enelf
44
TBop6a pe'lll Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I1KY
CY
-Hap, -/laP H TaKO ,r.{aJhe. ETHMOJIOIllKH, MopHap je Mope H MpHap < JIaT. marinarius, 6piIiJlap je no 6piiiClJl, IllTO je .D,eMHHyrHB (MO:JKJl.a O,r.{ JIaT. ,r.{eMHHyrHBa hortulus,
MHIllJhanf HOBe cycj rel="nofollow">HKce
HaCTaJIO YKpIllTaH.eM peIJH CKOKY O,r.{
M~a Ta eTHMOJIOrHja HHje CHrypHa), ,r.{OK OCTaJIe TPH pe'lH HMajy y .D,pyroM ,r.{eJIY cj>opMaHT TypCKOf nopeKJIa.
2001: 104-105, peIJH Kao
(0
Cycj>HKCy
-oap/-iiiap
rOBopH P~HU
ca 06HJheM npHMepa, aJIH cy TO CBe ,r.{aHac Heyo6H'IajeHe
a6epoap, oepiiiepiJap, u6puKtiiap, puw.eKiiiap
1.19.3. -Ap
H cJIH'lHe.)
ce HajIJeIllne ,r.{o,r.{aje Ha HMeHHIJKe OCHOBe, 3HaTHO pelje Ha
marOJICKe, ,r.{OK cy caCBHM H3Y3eTHe H3Be,r.{eHHl.(e O,r.{ 3aMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa
(c6aw.iiiap) (CJbeiiap) H
H O,r.{ 6pojeBHHX Tep3Hu H £a6Hn
(Oeceiiiap):
(1991:117)
B. Tep3Hu
1999:111.
Pe'l
C/teiiap
H3BO,r.{e H3 npH.r.teBa, aJIH C 063HPOM
Ha 3HaIJeH.e ('o6MaffiHBaIJ, HJIYJHoHHcTa') MOfJIa 6H 6HTH H O,r.{ rJIarOJIa
C/t(uj)eiiuiiiu
3aCJIenJhHBaTH. llpecj>HKCaJIHO-cycj>HKCaJIHe TBOpeHHl.(e ca
HMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMajecy no £a6Hny iioc.na6ap, iioK)'nap H iioMooap. llpBe (1964 1:533) HalHBa H3Be,r.{eHHl.(aMa O,r.{ npH.r.teBa, aJIH TO 6H
,r.{Be CTeBaHoBHn
«
iiOMOOHU): iioc.na6ap ce ,r.{aHac BeJyje 3a c.na 6a H Z.!Ia6ap npe Hero 3a npH.r.teB aoc.na6uiii, a npH.r.teB iiOK)'nHu HHje y06HIJa jeH. llpecj>HKCaJIHO-cycj>HKCaJIHaje H TBOpeHHl.(a HaO'lapu (B. HH)I(e, 1.19.8). ope MOfJIO BIDKHTH 3a TPeny
1.19.4. H3Be,r.{eHHl.(e O,r.{ HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa
HajBenHM .D,eJIOM ce O,r.{HO
ce Ha JhY,r.{cKa 6Hna, H TO npeTe)I(HO Kao 03HaKe 3aHHMaffia. CeMaHTH'IKY KJIaCHcj>HKal.(Hjy TaKBHX HalHBa ,r.{aJIaje
M.
AHIJHD
1966:223-224,
Koja pa3
JIHKyje Hajnpe npoH3Boga'le, npO,r.{aBl.(e, B03aIJe HT,r.{., a 3aTHM HalHBe no Me cry CTaHOBaH.a, no HaIJHHY oCTBapHBalLa
3ap~e,
HalHBe 3a
npHn~HHKe
palHHX OpraHH3al.(Hja H TaKO ,r.{aJhe. CBaKa niKBa nO,r.{eJIa Mopa 6MTH BeOMa CJIO)l(eHa, jep nocpe,r.{H HHje CaMO H3BogelLe HalHBa ,r.{eJIaTHHKa H3 HalHBa ,r.{eJIaTHOCTH (Kao KO,r.{ BenHHe nomina agentis), Hero O,r.{HOC 3Ha'ielLa OCHOBe H 3HaIJelLa l.(eJIe pe'lH MO)l(e 6HTH BeOMa PalHOJIHK. TaKo MO)l(eMO pa3JIHKO BaTH CJIe,r.{ene rpyne: -
OCHOBa 3Ha'iH npe,r.{MeT KOjH ce npOH3BO.D,H, Ha KOMe ce p~H HJIH
OiiaH'lap, 'luiieAap, "I.USMap, Y::HCap, 6pa6ap, KJbY'lap, JlOH 'lap, 6a'l6ap, ciiioJlap, c6(J)enap, 'leiiiKap, ceOJlap, KOJlap, KoiIiJlap, Me iii.Jlap, 6JlacY/bap, iiiaiieiiiap, iiapKetiiap, pOJleiiiHap, Ko6acu'lap, iioC/taciiiu 'lap, 'lac06Hu'lap HT,r.{. CJIH'IHe, caMO O,r.{ rp~HBHHX HJIH He6pojHBHX HMe HHl.(a, jecy H3Be,r.{eHHl.(e op6ap, Y2lbap, pu6ap, Mecap, MIleKap (MJbe-), 6U Hap, iiu6ap, 60nap, iiipa6ap, o6ynap, Kp3Hap, ctiiaKllap, 3/zaiiiap, KO::HCap, c6W1ap, pyoap, w.iiiaMiiap, il06piiiap21 H ,r.{pyre. KOjH ce npO.D,aje:
-
45
HenpOH3BO,r.{Ha 3aHHMalLa, no HalHBy p06e, aJIaTKe HJIH opyga, HJIH
K!bU::HCap, iiYWKap, w.iiiaMilap, pap6ap, C/tUKap. 36oHap22, HOBUHap. aow.iiiap, Jlyiii.Kap. ol,la'lap, ljy6peiiiap, oo6ow.ap, 6y6 Fbap, zyC/tap, KopMWlap, KO'lHu~ap, CKpetiiHu'lap, iJUMHu'lap23, peoap MT,r.{.; TaKO H JleKap (/beKap), r.D,e npB06lfIHO 3Haqeffie OCHOBHe HMeHHl.(e HHje 6HJIO , JIeK' Hero 'JIe'lelLe' (B. CKOKa no,r.{ Jl~ieK) H 3y6ap. no npe,r.{Mery nOCJIa, jecy
- llo Mecry p~a HalBaHa cy JaHHMaffia Kao BUHozpaiJap, aymap, w.y Map, Jlyzap, Kp'IMap, zociiiuOHu'lap, MIlUHap, 6oiJeHu'lap. OOMap. aoiJpYMap, co6ap, 60JlHu'lap, aiioiiieKap, 6u6JluoiiieKap, apxu6ap, 6aHKap. 'lapUHap, 6paiiiap, ::HCeAe3Hu'lap (-/be3HU'l.ap), Jlaljap, 6poiJap, cilAa6ap, zpo6ap, iiiaM Hu'lap. zpaHu'lap.pusHu'lap MT,r.{.
lli HMeHa )l(HBOTHlLa H3Bo,r.{e ce HalHBH Ja YJrajHBa'le, naCTHpe, fO ciiio'lap, ::HCU6UHap, zyw'l.ap. 06'1.ap, K03ap, z06eOap. Kpa6ap, ii'leAap, zOJly6ap, COKOJlap, M03zap. Me'l.Kap, KaMUilap H CJI.; noce6aH CJIy IJaj je KOFbyw.ap, O,r.{ 3aCTapeJIOr KOFbYX (ca HCTHM 3HaIJelLeM) Koje je Ha HHIJe H CJI.:
KHa.r.tHO npOIllHpeHO HOBHM Cycj>HKCOM.
- Y MaffieM 6pojy CJIyqajeBa MOTHBHa HMeHHl.(a je HalHB HeKe cTPYKe MeOU'luHap, je3u'lap, ilpoc6eiiiap, zpalje6uHap zpalje6ulla 'rpageBHHapCTBO'), a noce6Ho y 06JIHl.(HMa Ha -u'lap, 0 IJeMY B. rope, 1.19.1. 1.19.5. I13BaH 3aHHMaH.a y ~eM CMHCny peIJH, -tip MO)l(e 03HaIJaBaTH JhY.D,CKa 6Hua no noCJIy KOjH TPeHyrHo HJIH nOBpeMeHo 06aBJhajy (ciiipa ::HCap, iio3u6ap, aHKeiiiap, Y6ooHu'lap, 3aiiuCHU'l.ap, oiUMu'l.ap). no HaIJHHY OCTBapHBaffia 3ap~e (HaoHu'lap, OHe6Hu'lap, HaiioJlu'lap, ile'lan.6ap, OeoHu 'lap [ouo-D, no OMHJheHOM X06Hjy (ilAaHuHap. MoiJeAap, jeopUllu'lap, an. Kap), no npHn~HHIllTBy opraHH3al.(HjH, y.D,p~elLy, nOKpery H CJI. (3aopy zap, 3ajeOHu'lap, cK)'ilw.iiiuHap, oiiw.iiiuHap, 3aoY::HC6uHap, KOMyHap, Jle6U 'lap [/be-], iJecHu'lap), no Mecry CTaHOBalLa (pa6Hu'lap, 'lepzap, can.aw.ap, YJlu'lap, ciiiaHap), no palHHM oc06HHaMa, CKJIOHOCTHMa HJIH HaIJHHY )l(HBo Ta (C/to6ooap, iiaHu'lap, oiicO)eHap, 6eciioC/tu'lap, iJoKOJlu'lap, cilAeiiiKap, ::HCeHCKap [o,r.{ nOHMeHH'IeHor npH.r.teBa], K)'p6ap, KO'lKap [oBa ,r.{Ba 6H MOfJIa 6HTH H O,r.{ fJIarOJIa], ilailY'l.ap [o,r.{ cj>HrypaTHBHor H3pa3a 6uiiiu aoo uauY'loM], cy60iiiap [oHaj KOjH npalHyje cy60ry, Tj. ~BeHTHCTa] MT,r.{.), no 60JIeCTH O,r.{ Koje HeKO 60JIyje (iiiupycap, aaiJaBU'lap, YJ TO MHoro6pojHH rpel.(H3MH KOjH cy HMaJIH CTapHje 06JIHKe Ha -UK (BH.r.tH 2.26.1): aciUMaiiiu 'lap, peYMaiiiu'lap, iiapan.uiiiu'lap, cKIlepoiiiu'lap, cupUlluiiiu'lap, ouja6e iiiu'l.ap, eiiWleiiiiiu'lap H CJI.). HJIH ,r.{HCl.(HIIJIHHe, Kao y (YKOJIHKO
ra
MOTHBHIlleMO KOJIOKBHjaJIHHM
22 Oaa TpH 611 Morna 611TII II 0,/:\ rJIarOJIa l/Jap6awu, ClUJlCaWU, 360HUWU. 21 O.n: OCHoae Koja ce caMO jOToaaH3 jaBJba Y ii06plie < iio6pwje; MOlK.n:a II 3HaJJorll' jOM ca 6pwap IIJIII ii06pWlbal<.
23 Ban..na 0.11 OUMHUIC, MilJla 13 pelf HHje nOTBpijeHa y PMC; OlfeKHBaJIO 6H ce OUM/bO' 'lap 0,/:\ oUMlbalC, aJJII raj 06JIIIK je y06I1'1ajeH CClMO y XpaaTcJ(oj.
46
TBop6a pe'!H y CaBpeMeUOM CpncKoMje3HKY
CyljlHKcaQHja
47
O,l(peqeH 6poj pe'{H Koje, Ma,l(a pacnpocTPaH.eHe H n03.HaTe, He MO)KeMO
/byUlKap,zycDJeHu'Iap,japy~ap),HH~TPYMeHTe(o~uHap,KpU~/bap,1I0zapuiUMap) HJIH npe,l(MeTe Kao cUOMellap, aopecap, a6eqeoap. Ca 3Haqe
yBpCTHTH HH Y je,l(HY O,l( ,l(Oca,l( nOMeHYTHX KaTeropHja 3HaQelba. TaKBe cy
li>eM MeCTa je caMO
1.19.6. PasYMIbMBO je,l(a ca osaKO illIO,l(HHM
npe CBera
Cy
opyzap H zocuooap (,,3Ha'le yrJlaBHOM HCTO UlTO
\i HMeHHQe O,l(
KOjMX cy M3Be,l(eHe", npMMel1yje CTeBaHoBHI1 ]964 1:533), 3aTHM ZAa6ap, Mai11U'Iap, M(j)eCe'lap, KOKOUlap (y CBOM Haj'lellll1eM 3Ha'ielbY "Kpa,l(JbHsaQ KOKOlllH"), C6e'lap (O,l( c6ei11aK 'npalHHK'), MUIluoHap (,l(aHac 'Iellll1e MUIlU oHep, npeMa HeMa'lKOM,
1.19.7.
ETHHQH Ha
-ap
CCTaK TaKBHX npHMepa HaBO,l(H Ea6HI1
1991:115,
1963:9-10. .l\Ba,l(e
aJIH HCKJhY'lHBO O,l( HMeHa
-(j)aHUII. Y Cp6HjH ce nOCJle 1981. rO,l(HHe 6HJlO y06H'IajHJIOKoc06ap,)K. Koc06apKa, H3 aJl6aH MaJIHX H Hen03HaTHX HaceJba, H TO qeCTO C ,l(y6JleTOM Ha
CKor, a TaKaB 06JIHK ,l(aHac je npIDmal1eH H y MHOrHM 3ana,l(HHM je3HQHMa. TeK nOCJle,l(H.HX rO,l(HHa cpncKH nHHrBHCTM cy ycnenH ,l(OHeKJ1e ,l(a palllHpe CBeCT 0 TOMe ,l(a je Koc06ap aJI6aHCKH 06JlHK, na je Y ynoTPe6y 6ap ,l(OHeKJ1e Bpal1eHo TPa,l(HQHOHaJIHO
1.19.8. )KMBOTMlbe -
jOM 'paHH nYTHH'IKO-TepeTHH B03 MaJIe 6p3HHe KOjHM ce B03e nHJIHnapH' npO,l(aBQH nHJlHna).
Koc06all ()K. KOC06Ka). B. H Pa,l(Hn 2001:61.
Ma,l(a 3HaTHO Malbe Hero 3a JbY,l(e,
-ap
ce ynOTPe6JbaBa H 3a
y HayqHoj TepMHHOJlOrHjH npe Hero y 06H'lHOM rOBopy. C
je,l(He CTPaHe TO cy H3Be,l(eHHQe 03 OMeHMQa Koje nOKa3yjy 'lOMe ce )KHBO
(lIetJ.lUHap, Ci11P6UIWP, 6Mezap, opaUlap [BpCTa nyxa], CMpe Kap [mMQa], 6paUlHap [HHCeKT], KJ'Uycap [JlemHp] HT,l(.) O,l(HOCHO UlTa JlO BH: ui11u'Iap, MUUlap, upeUeJlu'Iap, jtl3a6(u)'Iap MT,l(. C ,l(pyre cTpaHe HMaMO
THH.a xpaHH
llaO'l.apU H Hozapu; 06e ce jaBJbajy H y (uaO'lape, uozape), lllTO je BepOBaTHO nocne,l(HQa qeCTe
CaMO illIyPaJIHH 06JlHK HMajy )KeHCKOM PO,l(y
ynoTPe6e Y aKy3aTHBy.
nOCTOje CaMO y XpBaTCKoj, H TO yrnaBHoM y
rOpH.eM MeljHMypjy H .l\aJIMaQHjH, KaKO CBe,l(O'lH repHep
KaMefbap. JIUIlunap je ,l(aHaC Hajn03HaTHje Kao lllaJbHBH UUIlunap, C ,l(e
HasHB 3a cnopH B03; PMC ra ,l(aje Kao CHHTarMY 603
1.19.9.
H3Be,l(eHHQa O,l( rnarOJICKe OCHOBe HMa 3HaTHO MalLe Hero
OHHX O,l( HMeHH'IKe. HnaK, Meljy H.HMa cy HeKa ,l(06po n03HaTa HMeHa 3aRH
'IY6ap, 3uoap, 6uoap, uucap, 6ajap, i11ecap, KJlecap, ciUpyzap, ue Kap25, uellap, 603ap, 3601/ap, C/lUKap, ¢ap6ap (oBe TPH 6H Morne 6HTH H O,l( HMeHHQe) H jOlll HeKa. ,[(pyre peqH Koje 03Ha'iaBajy JbY,l(e jecy 6l1aoap, ca fbap, MaUliUap, KOIIKap (oBe ,l(Be MO)K,l(a H O,l( HMeHHQe), zaiUap, 'I.eciUuiUap, iUaKMu'Iap, CMy'lap; Ha )!(HBOTHli>e ce O,l(HOCe cucap, upe~u6ap H ZAooap.
MaH,a, Kao
He)KHBH nojMoBH ce jasJbajy caMO H3y3emo, aJIH je Moryne ,l(a Ty
uOllyi11ap 'eKsaTOp', Kao nHHHja Koja UOllyi11U (nonoBH) 3eMJbHHY Ky rny. H HOBHja pe'l pa'lyuap 6Htie O,l( rJlarona, npe Hero O,l( HMeHHu:e pa'lYH, 6Y-AynH ,l(a npeBO,l(H eHrJleCKO computer O,l( rnarOJla compute; yn. H xpBaT CKH 06JIHK pa'lyuMo. cna,l(a
1.20••Apa
,l(OnasH Ha HMeHH'IKe H rnarOJICKe OCHOBe, peTKO Ha npH
c6aUliUapa. nanaTaJIH3aQHja je npoH3 -japa", KaKO Ka)!(e Ea6Hn 1991 : 119), TaKO ,l(a HMaMO ueKapa aJIH cauoy'lapa (y3 TO ueqapa, ca HCTOM ,l(H
Ha30Be 300nOlllKHX KaTeropHja, 06HqHO y MHO)KHHH, no KapaKTepH
,l(eBCKe; O,l( 3aMeHHu:e je H3Be,l(eHO
Kouui11ap, uauKap, 'IeKUfbap, 6oo/bap, /by cKap, 3ZAa6Kap, uepajap, pUllu'Iap H CJl.; TaKO H lIouai11ap, Ha3HB 3a BpCTy
BOJbHa (,,6e3 BH,l(JbHBe pacno;:tiene ca Cy
CTHqHHM ,l(enOBHMa TeJla Kao
jeneHa C porOBHMa nonaTaCTor 06nHKa. no Mecry CTaHOBalba HalBaHH cy
oyiilbap (BpCTa rOJly6a) H uoi11o'lap (paK KOjH )KHBH Y nOToKY). Ko,l( 6HJbaKa, je,l(HHH y06H'IajeH HalHB Te BpCTe jecTe
'Iei11uHap.
Y3pOK je CBaKaKO y TOMe lllTO ce HalHBH 60TaHHqKHX KaTeropHj,a rpa,l(e ca )KeHCKHM Cy
6U1bKa: 116(j)eiUHulle, MaxYHapKe,
ZOllocU)eMefba'le H CJI.
1'.13
HMeHa 6HJbaKa H3Be,l(eHH cy nOHeKH HalHBH HaCa,l(a O,l(HOCHO llly
6azpeMap, ja6Y'Iap, Ul./bU6ap, lIeCKap (/be-) HnH C jOTOBali>eM lIe UliUap (/be-) , JIeCKOBa lllyMHQa '24. O,l( H3Be,l(eHHQa C He)KHBHM 3Ha'leli>eM nOMeHHMO jOlll HeKOJlHKO Ii>HX Koje 3Ha'le B03HJIa 3a TeXHHqKe HaMeHe (6U MHQa:
24 PMC HMa caMonecKap (JOe-) H nelU'Iap (JOe-), MH HecYMIbHBO nOCTojH H 06J1HK ca -lUiD-, KaKO je KO,/\ CTaKHha 1988:206. Yn. H33HB nTHQe nelUiDapKa (JOe-).
25 Ha nOCTojalbe '/\Bejy H3Be,/\eHHQa 0,/\ HCTOr marOJla, iieKap "oHaj KOjH ne'le Kpyx" H iiellap "oHaj KojH ne'le PaKHjy" YK33yje Da6Hh 1991: 117, IlJIH He YJla3H y YlpoKe Tor JtBOj cTBa. MoryhHo je ,/\a je OCHOsa ilell- (je,/\HHH npHMep CH6HJ1apHlOBaMe OCHoae ca OBHIII cy
48
49
Tsop6a pe'lil Y caspeMeHOM cpnCKOM je311KY
CY
HO Kp06Ulbapa (o,n Kp06UHa 'ceHO 3a nOKpHBalbe KpOBOBa'). KHpwoBa 19702;214 cMaTPa ,naje naJIaTaJIH3anHja "onwTa Te:lKlba H,na npe,nCTaBJba cTapHjH 06pa3an", a ,na ce HenaJIaTaJIH30BaHH 06lIHnH MOry 06jacHHTH Te JKlbOM ,na ce H36erne npeTepaHO y,nalbaBalbe o,n oCHoBe, MlIH nOHeKa,n (Kao y KpYUlKapa H ClI.) ,nHcMMHlIanMjoM.
YKJlOnHTH y rope onHcaHY npBy rpyny, jep HHCY pa,lllbe, HHTH y ,npyry, jep He no,npa3YMeBajy HHKaKBY npepa.ll.Y). KHpmOBa Gene:lKH H OaW'lapa C,ne cPHHHU.HjOM 'CKJla,llHmTe H npo,naBHHua ,nacaKa', 8JIH je Ta pe'l MHOro no 3HaTHja y 3Ha'lelbY 'KolIHGa o,n .ll.aCaKa\~ yn. H 6p!JHapa.
1.20.1. ~aJIeKO HajBehH 6poj H3Be,neHHna Ha -apa HMa 3Ha'lelbe MeCTa HlIH npocTopHje. KHpwoBa TaKBe pe'lH ,neml no 3Ha'lelbY Ha neT rpyna, aJIH cy HeKe o,n lbHX 3aCTYnJbeHe CaMO peTKHM H 3aCTapemfM H3pa3HMa. Kao npHKa3 ,naHaWlber CTalba 'IMHH HaM ce a,neKBaTHHja lbeHa neTa rpyna, "pa 3HH npHBpe,nHH 06jeKTH" (CTP. 212), KOjy HaKHa,llHO (CTp. 213-214) ,nelIH Ha TPH no,nrpyne. ITPBY 'IHHe "npo,naBHHne, 3aHaTCKe H YClIYJKHe pa,lllbe", Hnp. Klbuxapa, Mecapa, 1I6(jJenapa, M.!leKapa (Mlbe-), 26oxljapa, 60CKa pa, ¢ap6apa HT,n. Y OBoj rpynH jaBJbajy ce H HeolIorn3MH, Kao mTO cy OHa TPH Koje je npHKa3aO lliHnKa 1997: UMa'lUHKapa (BH,nH H )KHrnli 1985), CemJ6U'lapa, ue'lelbapa. ITOBO,nOM OBe nOCJle,nlbe lliHnKa npHMeliyje ,na 03Ha'laBa OHO WTO ce 06H'IHO 3BaJIO ue'lelbapHUlIa26, ,nOK 3a ue'lelbapa PMC ,naje caMO ,neqlHHHUHjy 'BpcTa nocy,ne, wepna 3a ne'lelbe'. To je ,neo onWTe TeH,neHUHje no KOjOj 06lIHUH Ha -apa, Kao KpaliH, ,naHac ,n06Hjajy npe,nHoCT Ha,n 06lIHUHMa Ha -apnulla (KlbuxapHulIa, 1I6(j)enapnulIa, 260 xljapHulla H CJlWiHO). ~yry rpyny 'IHHe Pa,llHoHHue, HlIH KaKO HX KHpwoBa Ha3HBa "MaHy cPaKType H HH,nYCTPHjcKe je,nHHHue cTapHje, KJlaCH'IHe lIOKaJIHe HH,llYCTPH je", Hnp. YJbapa, 6uHapa, Koxapa, Ilanapa, 6ynapa, KYOeibapa, IIpeuapa, c6U1lapa, nUllUMapa, caaYHapa H ClI.
Y TPehy rpyny, HOBHjer nOCTalba, cna,najy "cPa6pHKe HJlH npOH3BO,n He je,nHHHue y OKBHPY cPa6pHKe", Kao ilAulIapa, asowapa, xe.1le3apa (xe Jbe3apa), KOKcapa, IIUHKapa, lIe.MenfUapa, 6ewOHapa H ClI. Pa3YMe ce ,na H3 Meijy ,npyre H TPelie rpyne He nocTojH YBeK oWTPa rpaHHua, na' 6H peUHMO UU6apa, lleOapa, Ulwo¢apa MOrJIe cna,naTH 6HlIO y Pa,llHOHHue HlIH y cP a 6pHKe, 3aBHCHO o,n BeJlH'IHHe H o,n npHMelbeHe TexHonomje. Bpe,nH 3ana 3HTH, HnaK, ,na ce jacHo Pa3JIHKyje 2eoxljapa (npo,naBHHUa) o,n xe.tle3ape (cPa6pHKe). TaKoge ca 3Ha'lelbeM nomina loci, aJIH H3BaH ,noca,n onHcaHHX KaTerO pHja, jecy cTaje HlIH KyliHue 3a JKHBOTHlbe (oe'lapa, K03apa, Ulwenapa), no cy,ne HlIH KYTHje (oyealbapa, ueuelbapa, cMawapa, uOMujapa, CMeliapa), Kao H Opeapa H YJbapa, MOJK)la je,nHHe .ll.Be pe'lH ca HCKJby'lHBHM 3Ha'lelbeM CKJla,llHWTa (HapaBHo TaKBor Koje CJIy:lKH H 3a npo,najy, aJIH ce He MOry 26 Y3 H30eCHY paJnHKY: Y iie~elflapHUlju ce cnylKH y npOOM peAY Meco, AOK je HOoa iie'lelflapa, no lllHnKII, KIIOCK 3a KIIKHpIlKII, ceMellKe, KOKIIQe II ClII1'lHO.
IToceGHa 3Ha'lelba CTeKJIe cy 6yeapa (6yxapa) CMecTO nyHO 6YBa', o,naKJle malbHBO '3aTBOp'), UOWO'lapa (Bo,neHHua Ha nOTOKY), caHOY'lapa (' HeWTO mTO je y OGlIHKY caH,llyKa' , Haj'lemlie 3rpa,lla MO.ll.epHe apXHTeKTJ pel, u(j)ew'lapa (neCKOBHT Kpaj, y3 TO jom HeKOlIHKO 3Ha'lelba y PMC), Kp uapa (npocrnpKa o,n Kpna), K)'iiycapa (HeYBe3aHa HlIH no,nepaHa KlbHra HlIH cBecKa), ca'lMapa (no PMC caMO 'Keca, KYTHja 3a Ca'lMY', 8JIH Morylie je.ll.a 3Ha'iH H nymKY), 6ynOe6apa (nHTa), 0Y2Meiiiapa (xapMoHHu) HT.ll.. 36(j)e30apa, y CMHCJIY aCTPoHoMcKe oCMaTPa'lHHlI.e, 3a.ll.p:lKaJIa ce caMO Kao HMe je,nHe Georpa,llCKe 'IeTBPTH, a HHa'le je 3aMeH>eHa ca 36(j)e30apnUlla HJIH, jom 'Iewlie, lIaTHHH3MOM oucep6awopuja. ,l{eBe.ll.eCeTHX rO.ll.HHa jaBHO ce HeOlIOrH3aM KawuKapa Kao Ha3HB 3a je,nHY BpCTY py'lHe GOMGe (.ll.Pyra, cTapHja 3Ha'lelba 3aGeJIe:lKeHa cy y PMC).
1.20.2. 3HaTHO je Malbe nJIO,nHO -apa Kao CYcPHKC 3a rpaljelbe Ha3HBa JKHBHX GHna. )lUmoTHlbe cy wwaKapa (y PMC caMO nJIypaJIHO, Kao 3aje,n HH'IKH Ha3HB 3a 'IaIIJLe, po,ne H,npyre nTHue C ,nyra'lKHM HoraMa) H uaH WJbu'lapa. C nejopaTHBHHM 3Ha'lelbeM ynoTPe6JbaBajy ce jajapa H UOIlO xapa (npBOGHTHO 'oHaj KO Kpa,lle nOJIore, HaCa.ll.e'); 3a oGe je KapaKTepH CTH'IHO ,na ce y :lKeHCKOM OGJIHKY npHMelbyjy H Ha MymKapu.e, 3a pa3JIHKy o,n KOKowap H uUlluliap. li3pa3HTO nejopaTHBHo je KOMYlbapa, o,n KOMY Huciii(a) ca H30CTaBJbalbeM cTPaHor CYcPHKca H jOTOBalbeM. Pe'lH Kao My wKapa, wpaeapa, peOapa, Koje HaJIa3HMO KO,n CTaPHjHX aYTopa, ,naHac cy 3aMelbeHe oGJlHUHMa C ,npyrHM, H3PaEajHHjHM CYcPHKcHMa: MywKapa'la HJIH M)IUIKo6alba, fUpa6apKa, peOapKa. C oG3HpOM Ha TO, He MO:lKe ce BHwe TBp,nHTH ,na je -apa "die femininale Form zu -ar", KaKO je nHcao JIecKHH 1914:235. 1.20.3. O,n rJlaroJlCKHX OCHOBa cy MalbH 6poj nomina loci - cwpyza pa, uellapa, c)lUlapa (= cymHoHHua, cymHHua), 6Ila'lapa HlIH eyH06lla'lapa (pa,llHOHHua HJlH MamHHa 3a BJIa'lelbe ByHe). O,n rJlarOJla GH Momo GHTH H 2yx6apa: CTeBaHoBHIi je ,necPHHHme 'nHTa Koja JIH'lH Ha ryJKBe', aJIH je MOJK,lla npHpo,nHHje onHcaTH je Kao nHTY ,nofiHjeHY ZYX6albe.M TeCTa (yn. ca6uja'la, IDTO je y PMC ,naTO Kao CHHOHHM 3a zyx6apa). )KHBa GHlia 03HaQaBajy My3apa (0 KpaBH), 6pa'lapa, 2afUapa, Kapwapa21, cKUfUapa (= 27 CreB3HOBllli, sepOBaTHO 113 HenalKlbe, HaBO.llH Kapwapa H Me~y 113BeAeHIIQaMa O.ll IIMeHHU3 H Me~y OHHMa O.ll rnaron3. no 3Ha'ie1bY (peq je 0 lKeHH Koja ce He KapiUa, Hero 6a lIa Kapiiie) HMeHH'IK8 HHTepnpmumja 611Jl8 6H Ta'lHHja, aJlH Ha rnaroncKY )'Kalyje anaJIOfH ja ca rOTOBO IICT03Ha'lHIIIIl Bpa'lllpa II zaiUapa.
50
51
Tllop6a pe'lH Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCI
CyIjIHI
CKHTHHl..(a), KaO H iIipa'iapa, no PMC H3Be.n;eHO H3 iIipa'laiIiu (Ma.n;a je .n;aHac 06H'IHHjH rJIarOJI iIipattapuiIiu, O'lHrJIe.n;HO .n;eHOMHHaJIHOr nOpeKJIa).
HalllHX cYIPHKca Tpe6a .n;o.n;aTH H cylPHKC -axuja ca cnoMeHYTa .n;sa npHMje pa". Ma.n;a eTHMOJIOmja pe'lH uyciiiaxuja HHje CHrypHO YTBpljeHa28 , MOiKe MO ce CJIOiKHTH .n;a ce y lLOj npH.n;eB uyciIi ocelia Kao OCHOBa,; H.n;a je aHaJIOr HO TOMe CTBopeHO (.n;aHac BeOMa peTKO) .Ilyoa(x)uja o.n; .IlYo. \
1.20.4. O.n; npH.n;eBcKHx OCHOBa cy caMO HeKOJIHKO pe'lH: uyciIiapa, .Ilyoapa (BpcTa 6yu.n;eBe, BpCTa oTpoBHe rJLHBe), 2.Ily8apa HJIH 2.Ilyxapa Cny lllKa ca CJIa6HM nYl..(fLeM', y3 TO jOlll HeKOJIHKO 3Ha'ielLa y PMC). HajBepo BaTHHje Ty cna.n;a Hje3U'Iapa, nOlllTO ce no 3Ha'ielLY Be3yje 3a npH.n;esje3U 'Ia8 npe Hero .n;HpeKTHO 3a HMeHHl..(y je3UK. 1.21. -Ali, Heo.n;peljeHor 3Ha'ielLa, jaBJLa ce y MaJIOM 6pojy pe'lH, yrJIaBHOM o.n; npH.n;eBCKHX OCHOBa: 2.IlY8an (2.Ilyxan), zO.llan, 3e.t1eM6an, qp 8enOan. flOCTaHaK npolllHpelLa -6- O.n;HOCHO -0- y OBe nOCJIe.n;lLe .n;Be pe'lH HHje jacaH: H3BeCHa TYMaqelLa nOKYlllao je .n;a npyiKH EOlllKoBHn 1976: 16, KOjH roBOpH 0 CYIPHKCY -6a H CylPHKCY -(&)0. MCTO npolllHpelLe HMaMO H y pe'lH cpnoan, o.n; HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe, je.n;HHoj r.n;e oBaj CYIPHKC CJIyiKH Kao MOI..(HOHH. O.n; npH.n;eBCKe OCHOBe cy H MYIUKan 'MYlllKapal..(' H xencKan 'iKeHCKO' (pMC 6eJIe)l(H caMO OBY.n;pyry pe'l,_C je.n;HHM I..(HTaTOM H3 ,l(oMa HOBHna). CKOK (5. v. -an) HaBo.n;H jOlll .n;OCTa peTKHX npHMepa o.n; HMe HJf
1.24. -(A)u. OBO je CYIPHKC ca H3Y3eTHO BeJlHKHM 6pojeM H3Be)leHH I..(a, npo.n;yKTHBaH ca HMeHH'IKHM H npH.n;eBCKHM OCHOBaMa, y HelllTO MalLoj MepH CrJlarOJICKHM, a y HeKOJlHKO petiH H C 6pOjHHM. MMa onllITe peJlaUHo HO 3Ha'lelLe, Koje ce KO.n; HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa HCnO.lbasa y BMY 6HJlO KaKBe Be3e C nojMoM y OCHOBH, KO.n; npMeBCKHX 3Ha'lH HocHou,a oc06HHe 03Ha'le He npH.n;eBOM, a KO.n; rJlarOJICKHX nomen agentis H.IDI nomen actionis. C naJIaTaJIH30BaHOM OCHOBOM HMa je.n;Ba HeKODHKO npHMepa, yrJJaBHOM Meljy MaILe n03HaTHM pe'lHMa Kao ZIlJ'IUaq, opalUaq, tt08(j)e'Ul14, je3Uttal.l, y3 TO Meljy cnoiKeHHl..(aMa Kao He3na60xal.l, Muozo6o:xcal.l, 080POXal.l H .n;py rHMa Ha -poxal.l (OHe Ha -noxal.l MOrJle 6H 68TH O}.l. npH.n;eBa Ha -noxnu).
C .n;pyre CTpaHe, CYIPHKC -an je .n;OiKHBeo HeO'leKHBaH y3JIeT y .n;aHa lllfbeM iKaprOHY, y qpiIian (YHHBep6auHja o.n; qpiIianu t/JU.IlM), oucKan .n;H CKOTeKa y CMHC.ny JIOKaJIa 3a Hrpy) H Y .n;pymM pe'lHMa Koje 6eJIeiKH Eyrap CKH 1997:121 H 200Il:62: ciiopan 'cnop '10BeK', uunzan (TaKolje uunzun) uunzUonz, iIipuciIian (ayroM06HJI IPHjaT 1300) HT.n;.
1.24.1. Ca HMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMa -(a)q MO)l(e 3HaqHTH npHna.n;HocT, Kao y oM.llaiJunal.l, IUKO.llalj, 8UCOKOIUKO.llaq, jOlll 'lelllne ca OCHOBaMa CTpa Hor nopeKJIa Kao y uapiIiujaq, aKaOeMaq. zepWlalj, apiIiUlbepaq (ca cKpalie HOM OCHOBOM), MOJK.n;a ZUMna3ujaJIalj (ami BH.n;H 2.4) HT.n;. 113 HMeHHu,a Koje 3Ha'le npe.n;MeT pa.n;a HJIH aKTHBHOCT H3Be.n;eHH cy zpa~e8unaq, cao6pana ja'l1. 6aKpope3a'l1, uyiIioiiucalj, 3eMJbOUucaq, .IleiIioilucaq (/be-), MeiIiaJIaq, iIieKciIiU.llaq, c naCHBHHM 3Ha'lelLeM 6pooo.lloMaq RT.n;. Pa3He .n;pyre nojMoB He Be3e HCKa3aHe cy y u03aounaq, xonopapaq. imii.n:oMaq. MuiIipalbe3aq, iIiepena'l1 ('10BeK HJlH B03HJlO), 6eH3unaq (aYToM06HJl) HT.n;.
,l(pYK'IHjer nopeKJIa (o.n; rp'lKOr .n;eMHHYTHBHor cYIPHKca -aki) jecTe -ali y HeKa.n;alllH>HM xHnOKOpHCTHI..(HMa /.(UMuiIipan, HUKO.llan, Janan, Koje EOlllKoBHn (1976:15) npeHOCH H3 CT. HOBaKOBHna. Y TYPCKHM cpe.n;lLOBe KOBHHM H3BopHMa HCTH aYTop HaUlao je H .n;pym THn XHnOKopHCTHKa, Hnp. Paoan, BYKan, MU./lan, 3a Koje CMaTpa .n;a cy HaCTaJIH ,,.n;o.n;aBalLeM XHnOKO PHCTH'IHOra n".
AlPeKTHBHO, lIla.IhHBO 3Ha'lefl>e HMa 6a6aq, c npeJIaCKOM H3 iKeHcKor y MylllKH po.n; KOjH HaJIa3HMO H y 6U)elUiIia'l1 (HacnpaM 'Iemlier 8[j]elUiIiuqa), y xa60t1 H .Iluca'l1. M3 cpe.n;ILer Y MJIllKH npeJla3e H3Be.n;eHH u,e o.n; Ha3HBa MJIa.n;HX X
1.22. CylPHKC -alia HaJIa3HMO caMO y MOKpana H Y HCT03Ha'iHOM iiu lUalia. OBaj .n;pym 06JIHK je npeTeiKHO xpBaTcKH. Y Cp6HjH je 06H'IHHje uu lUanKa, ca CylPHKCOM -aIiKa, KOjH ce jaBJLa CaMO Ty H Y jOlll je.n;HoM ByJIra PH3MY cpanKa.
1.23. -AxHja. MapeTHn 1963:307 6eJIeiKH oBaj CYIPHKC y 06JIHKY -auja, y3 HanOMeHY: "caMO y: JIy.n;lmja (JIy.n; '10BjeK, y njecMH), nycTimja". flYTaHel..( 1963:300, n03HBajynH ce Ha Ey.n;MaHHja, cMaTpa.n;a cy 06e pe'lH y H3BOPHOM 06JIHKY MOpaJIe HMaTH -X-. no lLerOBOM MHlIlJLelLY, "y nonHC
,l(eMHHYTHBHa 4>YHKUHja, 'IeCTa y crnpHjeM H neCHH'lKOM je3HKY, .n;a Hac ce CBeJIa Ha .n;Be-TpH pe'lH Kao 6paiIiaq H Kpe6eiliaq. YMeCTO YMae.ee.a, .n;aHac y H3Be.n;eHHu,aMa o.n; HMeHHl..(a HeX
52
53
TBop6a peQH y CaBpeMeHOM CprrcKOMje3HKY
CycjJHKCal.lHja
Hall (KaMeH Kao HaCJIara),pYKa6a/.l (pe'lHH), K./lUHall (eKcep), 3y6all (Hcnyn 'Ieffie y 06JIHKy 3y6a), H TaKO HCTO je3U'lall, iJ60pall, iiipyuall, MaC/la/.l, C6U lball HTJl. JlYKall je JlaHaC HapOJlCKa HJIH cyncTaHJlapJlHa pe'l, ca HCTHM 3Ha 'IeffieM Kao OCHOBHa HMeHHlla. YHHBep6allHjoM ce Mory TyMa'lHTH IIojeJlH He H3BeJleHHlle Kao c(j)e6epa14 ceBepHH BeTap), iiieMe.tba14 (= TeMeJLHH KaMeH), npH 'IeMY HHje Hy:lKHO Jla ynpaBHa HMeHHlla y CHHTarMH 6YJle My WKor pOJla, Kao WTO IIOKa3yje IIpHMep 6eliapa14 (= 6eliapCKO KOJIO HJIH 6e tiapcKa neCMa) HJlH Ha3HBH BHHa iiioKaja14, UlaMUalba14, 6ypzYH.iJa14 H cn.
[(HPaJIO OJl HH.OujaHa/.l, a y HeKHM eTHHllHMa HOBHjer nOCTalLa HM!lMO caMO 06JIHK Ha -(a)/.I, Hnp. Jlu6uja/.l, Cupuja/.l, Jlu6epuja/.l. YIIpKOC TOMe, TaMO rJle nocTojH H360p, CMaTPaMO Jla 6H HopMaTHBHH nHHrBHCTH MOPaJIH Jla Jlajy npeJlHOCT TPaJlH[(HOHaJIHHM Cy
1.24.2. BeoMa je pawHpeHa ynoTpe6a Cy
- (A)14 ce jaBJLa Kao CY
1.24.3. TIOBO,ll;OM H3BeJleHHlla OJl reorpa
1.24.4. lbBeJleHHlle OJl npHJleBCKHX OCHOBa TaKolje cy BeOMa 6pojHe, aJIH cy CeMaHTH'IKH 3HaTHO xOMoreHHje, jep ce CKOPO CBe MOry H3pa3HTH
o 06JlHK)' EacKUja BIUIH 3.25.12.
54
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CY
1.24.5. 0)]. marOJlCKI1X OCHOBa cy yrnaBHoM H3Be)].eHI1Qe Koje 3Ha'le nomina agentis: A06a"l, 6opaij, Kocal.{, lipoca"l, pOHa"l, Zlbypa"l, 1
0)]. )l(HBOrnlbCKHX Ha3HBa HalliJlH CMO caMO ii(uj)e6a"l H p06al.{. MMe HHQe He)I(HBor 3Ha'lelba Mory 03Ha'iaBaTH '1I1H (06H'IHHje cy caMO yoapa"l, xuiUaij H uO/by6aij) HIIH npe)].MeTe Ha pa3He Ha'lHHe Be3aHe 3a pa)J.lby rnaro JIa, Kao MaMa"l, U01
2.4.1.
)].0
2.4.19.
CJlO)l(eHH Cy
1.24.8. -AB(a)n:. - Beh je MapeTHh npHMeTHO (1963:315) )].a je oBaj Cy4>HKC 6e3 CyMlbe HaCTao Kao CJIO)l(eHH, 0)]. npH)].eBa Ha -aB ca Cy4>HKCOM -(a)ij, Kao y 'lyiia6aij, Jiopa6al.{, zy6a6al.{ HT)].., aJIl1 ce OCaMOCTaJIHO, na ce jaBJLa H C marOJlCKHM OCHOBaMa 0)]. KOjl1X HeMa npH)].eBa Ha -a6, ca 3Ha'le lbeM Bpml10Qa pa)J.lbe. nope)]. )].06po n03HaTor CKa1
CY
55
6eJle)l(H zezaBal.{ (0)]. zezaiiiu ce) H 6YKa6aij 11 iiy3a6al.{ Kao Ha3HBe nTl1l.{a. OBoMe 6H CBaKaKO Tpe6aJIO )].o)].aTH H nrnQe iiyiia6aij (0)]. oHoMaTOnejcKor rJlarOJIa iiyiiaiUu, npeMa CKOKy) H iipOa6al.{, 3aTHM ZMU3a6aij H 3pUKG6aij (ja3a6al.{ He cna)1.a OBaMO, nOlliTO je HeMOTHBHcaHO: no CKOKY )].OIIa3H on ja36a 'ja36HHa'), iiYHOpa6al.{ (y
MHpa~,
1.24.9. CJlO)l(eHH Cy4>HKC -oB(a)u HMa nOOJle MeKHX cyrnacHHKa Bapl1 jaH-ry -e6(a)"I (0)].H.-je6(a)"I y H3Be,n:eHHQaMa 0)]. HMeHa Ha -u, rnna iUopuje Bal.{, zaHoujeBa"l). MMa je CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:549, no)]. Cy4>HKCOM -aI.{, nH cao )].a ,,He '!.HHe HHKaKBY noce6uy rpynY HH HMeHHQe Koje ce H3Bo,ne 0)]. npHcBojHHX npH,neBa Ha -06 (H -e6)", OBOM Cy4>HKCY He MO)l(e ce nopHuarn 6ap )].eJIHMH'lHO ocaMOCTalLelbe. BeliHHa H3Be)].eHHuaje MOTHBHcaHa HMeHH UOM, npe Hero npH)J.eBOM (Hnp. OCKap06a"l ')].06HTHHK OCKapa', 1
56
TBop6a pe'll! y CaBpeMeHOM CpocKoMje3HKY
1999:26-27. Mory TaKo~e 03Ha'laBaTH rrpHrra,AHHKe cTpaHaKa lUIH nonH TH'IKHX nOKpeTa (cjJpoHfii06al1, cKoje6al1, UHcjJOPM6up06a l1, ecueec06al1, jy_ ft06al1 HT,A.), HaJjHja'le noje,AHHHX lOIy60Ba (uapfiiU3aH06al1, OUHaM06alf, xajOYK06a lf), peTKo ftpl1na,AHHKe CBeUITeHH'IKHX pe,AOBa linH BepHHKe O,Ape l}eHe KOHlpecHje (cjJpl:l1be6al1, ucyc06al1, Mojcuje6aq, MYXaMe006al1 nope,A 06H'IHHjer MYXaMeOaHaq).
CY4>I!Kca~l!ja
57
aJIKOXOJlHO nHlie O,A KpymaKa; MMUH06aij je COK O,A MaJIHHe. OBa nocne,A H>a pe'I je Y HOBHje BpeMe npHMJbeHa 113 xpBaTCKor, Kao H HMeHa 6HJbaKa MOTHBHcaHHX HalHBOM npOH3BO,Aa KOjH ce 83 .a.HX .n:06Hja, THna KaKaOBalf, '1ajeBall, KaY'lYK06aij, KaMfjJopOBaij, KUIIUH06all. Je,AHHa n03HaTHja peq Koja HHje Be3aHa 3a 6HJbHH CBeT BepOBaTHO je f1UOUKOBaij. C6aiUoBali 'cBa.A6eHa neCMa y3 KOjy ce Hrpa' npe 6HCMO CBPCTaJIH no.n: -(a)ij, jep ce no 3Ha'lea.y, a H no aKueHry, Be3yje 3a KOJIeKTHBHH nojaM c6aiU06U.
TIojaBa pe'lH H06eJl06aq, Kao npeKO nOTpe6He YHHBep 6auHje CHHTar Me o06uiUHUK H06eJl06e Hazpaoe, cBojeBpeMeHO je H3alBaJIa nypHCTH'IKe 1.24.9.4. HapaBHO, He cna.n:ajy no,A oBaj Cy
(-jaHal1) nOCTaJIO KOHTaMHH8UHjOM HaCTaBKa -aHUH (O,AH. -jaHUH) H HaCTaBKa wiUe6Ka Koja npOTH'Ie Kp03 TIPHllITHHY). Haj3a,A, cUIlo6al1 (y ,AaHamtLeM
-aij." He HY.llH, Mel}yrHM, HHKaKBO)Wyro 06jam.a.eu.e, na lie CTOra HnaK 6H 6eorpa.ACKoM rOBopy cUllo6al1) palJlHKyje ce O,A CBHX ,Aoca,A HaBe,AeHHX
TH 60Jbe npHXBaTHTH TIemHKaHOBY npeTnOCTaBKY 0 cnajaIby -aH-, POMaH npHMepa KaKO no 3Ha'Ie.a.y TaKO H no HarnacKY Ha Cy
CKor nopeKJla, CHamHM -(a)lI. CJIH'IHO ryMaqH H CKOK, CTHM lUTO no,A -au2 1.24.9.2. OBaj CY
58
TBop6a pe'lH y CaapeMeliOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy.pHKCBltHja
TBopoa" Ha3lfBa ra CKOK no,n:JlC.Yiil) If eBeHT}'aJIHO 61lU3auall, lIlTO je no CKO
ner> 6aZHepujallall). Hajn03IIaTHje OBaKBe H3Be,QeHHlI,e O,Q HMeHa, ca 3Ha'le H>eM CJIe,Q6eHHKa HJIH nO,QpalKaBaOl.{a, jecy 6oollepujauall, 6OllUiepujaHall, MaIlUiy:JujaHall, weKcUupujaHall, xezMujauall, KarjJKujallall H CJI., na H O,Q ,QO Malier npe3HMeHa KpllexujaHall; yo. Ii poUiapujanall 'npHIla.QHHK PorapH Mapco~, O'lH KJIy6a'. Fia6HIi 1991 :83 lI,HTHpa H3 rpaije Mapcujanall rJIe,QHO npeMa eHm. Martian HJIH q,p. Martien), BeHycujallall Venusian) H C o,QoMalieHoM OCHOBOM Beuepujallall. O,Q anenaTHBa cy H3Be.lleHH 6ep3Uja uall 'oHaj KO ce 6anH 6ep3aHcKHM nOCJIOBHMa' (y PMC Cje,QHHM I.\IfTaTOM H3 AH,QpHlia) H 3HaTHO '1emlia CJIOlKeHHlI,a I/PH06ep3ujauall. HeMoTHBHcaHO je 6ezeiiiapujauall; iipeiiiopuja1la1l He cna,Qa OBaMO, jep je O,Q CHHTarMe iipeiiio pujancKa zapoa, ,QaKJIe ca cyq,HKCOM -(a)lI.
KY HaCTano O,Q HeKa,QamH,er npH.QeBa 61lU3aul-3uu H -(a) II (O,QaTJIe H KpaTKO CHJI!I3HH aICU:eHT Ha u, CBaKaKO 06H'IHHjH Hero 6llusaHall, ,QOK CBe OCTaJIe H3 Be,QeHHlI,e HMajy HarJIallleHO -aHall). llITO ce TH'Ie jOTOBaH>a, Ma,Qa CBa 11'H nOMeHyTa ayTopa, KaKO CMO BH ,QeJIH, npe,QcTaBJhajy -aHall H -jaHall Kao paBHonpaBHe 06JIHKe, 3anpaBo je je,QHHH cHrypaH npHMep jOToBalba flupoliallall. He pa'lYHaMo, HapaBHo, pe '1H '1Hja ce OCHOBa Beli 3aBplllaBa Ha nanaTan, Kao CKoii.tballall, Bpalballall, HHTH HCKlh}"'lHBO xpBaTCKe npHMepe Koje HaBO,QH Fia6HIi Ha CTp. 82, Kao KapuH. > KapulbaHall, Booulle > Boou'Iauall.
1.24.11.1. IhBe,QeHHlI,e O,Q HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa YBeK HMajy HacnpaM ce6e npH,QeB Ha -aH.CKU. HajBeliy rpyny '1HHe eTHHlI,H O,Q HMeHa CTpaHHX rpa,QOBa, 3eMaJha H KOHTHHeHaTa: Tpojauall, Te6auall, CiiapUiauall, SYK)' pewUiauall, SyoUMiiewiiiauall, MeKcuKaltall, Ky6allall, MapoKauall, KOP3U Kauall, AMepuKauall, Ar/JpUKauall HT,Q., nOHeKa,Q H ca OCHOBaMa Ha BOKan Kao y t{U/leaH.all, flepyauall. CyqlHKC je np0,QYKTHBaH, KaKO HCTH'Ie H TIe lIlHKaH (HaB. M.). llIe3,QeCeTHX rO.QHHa npOWJIor BeKa, Ka,Q ce MHoro roBO PHJIO 0 KOHry, nOCTaBHJIO ce nHTaH>e KaKO H!I3BaTH H>eroBe CTaHOBHHKe. Ma,Qa cy nOHeKH rpaMaTH'IapH 3axTeBaJIH ,Qa ce KalKe KOllxauuH., a nOBpe MeHO ce jaBJhaJIO H KOH.ZOIle3 HJIH KouzollexauuH. (no yrne,Qy Ha q,p.Con golais), Ha Kpajy je npeOBJIa,Qao 06JIHK KOHZOaH.all, C npH.QeBoM KOUZOaH. CKU (CJIH'IHO TOMe H Tozoauall). TIoce6HY rpyny '1HHe eTHHlI,H O,Q HMeHa Ha -uja, Kao AycUipujauall, Se/l~jauall, flepcujaH.all, Beuellujauall, CUIIUIluja uall, AyciiipatzujaH.all, SOllu6ujauall H CJI. HH.oujauali He cna,Qa oBaMo, jep no CMHCJIY HHje O,Q Huouja, Hero je O,Q CTpaHHx 06JIHKa (eHrn. Indian, HeM. Indianer) C HaWHM -(a)lI. llITO ce TH'Ie ,QOMalier Cp6ujauall, OHO je nOBe3a HO C npH.QeBOM cp6ujaucKU, 0 '1eMY BH,QH 3.25.14.1. H3 jYlKHoCJIOBeHCKHx KpajeBa, 6ap Ka,Q je pe'l 0 n03HaTHjHM eTHHlI,H Ma, HeMa MHoro npHMepa: BpalbaHall, fleliauall, rpaouwiiiaHall, CKoii.tba uall, Kop'lYllauall (nope,Q KOp'lYllaIlUlt), Se/lOIlPK6auall H jow nOHeKH. C'rpaHor nopeKJIa cy H!I3HBH npHna,QHHKa lI,pKaBa, peJlHrH03HHx H ,Qpyrux nOKpeTa, Kao aHZ/lUKallall, Ilyiiiepauall, OOMuH.UKaUall, MYXaMeOa lIall, peiiy6lluKauall, lIu'Ieauall HT,Q.
1.24.12. -HjsH(a)u: ce jaBJha ca HCTHM OCHOBaMa Kao H npH.QeBH Ha -ujaH.CKU, WTO je KOHCTaTOBao H HHKOJIHIi M. 1999:30-33. MoryliHo je, KaKO oBaj ayTop npeTnOCTaBJha, ,Qa je Cyq,HKC H3.llBOjeH nepHHTerpall,HjoM H3 H3 Be,QeHHlI,a Ha -auall O,Q HMeHHlI,a Ha -uja (THna Ayciilpuja1la1l, Beuequjauall, Cp6ujaH.all). HnllK, C 063HPOM Ha TO ,Qa ce Haj'lewlie ,Qo,Qaje BJIaCTHTHM HMe HHMa, HajBepoBaTHHje je ,Qa npe,QCTaBJha a,Qamall,Hjy HeMa'iKOr -ianer, eH rneCKor -ian, q,paHuycKor -ien, Y3 ,QO,QaBaH>e ,QoMal:ier -all (Hnp. Wagneria
59
1.24.13. -EH(a)u:J-im(a)u: HMaMO C npH,QeBcKoM OCHOBOM y MIlaoe uall, a ca OCHOBOM pe,QHor 6poja y iip6euall H y Hey06H'IajeHoM opyzella ll (',Qpyro BHHO, KOMHlLaK' HJIH ',Qpyrn pof no PMC). Pe'l yweHall, KOjy PMC 6eJIelKH Kao H!I3HB ,QBejy BpCTa HHceKaTa, CBllKaKO je xpBaTCKa Kao H yw 6QW). C11'aHOr nopeKJIa je Hasapellall, C oKplbeHoM OCHOBOM Hacy npoT 06H'IHHjeM 06nHKY Hasapenalluu (TaKolje H.a3apeuall = uasapeH. y 3Ha'leay npHna,QHHKa ceKTe). He cna,Qajy OBaMO pe'lH Kao KaMeH.all, dUa KIleuali. U/laMeH.all, ZIlUH.euall H CJI., H3Be,QeHe H3 HMeHHlI,a HJIH npH.QeBa Ha -eu (Cyq,HKC -all). HUTH lIawujeuall, WTO je perHOHaJIHa BapHjaHTa O.ll ua wuuall (Cyq,HKC -uuall). 1.24.14. -HH(a)lI,l (-88[a]u), C HeHarnaWeHHM u anH jom lJewlie C ,QyrOy3JI!l3HHM, CJIOJl<eHH je Cyq,HKC He CaCBHM jacHor nOCTaaa.
60
61
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HK)'
Cy41HKcal.U1ja
je H3 Tyl)HHe, CTpaHau') MOrnO HMaTH cyqmKc -(a)lI. MnaK, C 063HpOM Ha l\pyra l\Ba, l\aHac 'Iewna 3Ha'lelba (,oHaj KOjH je Hen03HaT KOMe' H ' oHaj KOjH ce pa3JIHKyje Ol\ l\pyrora no ocenalbHMa, CXBaTaH>HMa•.. ', BHl\H PMC) CMaTPaMO ra H3Be.QeHHUOM Ol\ ~ylj.
cna.najy OBaMO pe'lH KaO ~y6peillapall, UoKyliapall, jy6U.1lapall, iiOMetbapall H CD., Koje HMajy CYcPHKC -(a)II.
C HarnaweHHM -uH(a)lI, nope,n HaBe,neHHX pe'lH, jow cy H ii{j)ewa oUHall, JI,fpaeUHall (BpcTa 6HJhKe HJIH BpCTa rnHue: y npBOM 3Ha'lelbY MO)!(e rnaCHTH H MpaewMII) H KOIwwuHall, peTKa BapHjaHTa o,n KOKOWWMII. Ha paBHO, He cna.najy OBaMO ii03aOUHall, oMllaOUHall, YKpajuHall H l\pyre H3Be .QeHHue Ol\ HMeHHua Ha -UHa. HeHarnaweHO -UH(a)1I HMaMO y HeKOJIHKO Ha 3HBa 6HJhaKa (eeiipuHall, MaflUHall, MUWUHall, 6eopUHall), y zO.lly6uHall (Bp CTa pH6e), y nOHeKOM TonOHHMY Kao MeKCUHall. PMC 6ene)!(H H opaxu Hall, y 3Ha'leH>Y CJIe,n6eHHKa ,/:q>a)!(e MHxajJIoBHna, aJIH ry je CBaKaKO 06H'IHHjH 06JIHK opaxuHoeall.
1.24.15. -YH(a)u, 6e3 HKaKBor o,npel)eHor 3Ha'lelba, .QOJIa3H y HeKO JIHKO pe'lH o,n HMeHH'IKHX, npHl\eBCKHx H rnarOJICKHX OCHOBa: 6pxyna ll, MIlaoYHa ll, 'lUCillYHall, ill6POYHall 'TBP,n opax', ca HCTHM 3Ha'lelbeM H KO willYHall (yn. npHl\eB KowillY1bae), 6{j)ezYHall. 1.24.16.0 CYcPHKCy -HJL(a)u MOrJIO 6H ce rOBopHTH y KOKOWU1ball H y Mpaeu1ball, WTO no PMC MO)!(e 6HTH CHHOHHM HJIH 3a Mpa8WbaK HJIH 3a cPHTOHHM Mpa8UHall (= BpaHHJIOBa TpaBa, 0pHraHo). ITo nocTaHKY, HapaB HO, OHH cy Ha -[aJII o,n KOKOWU1bU, Mpa8U1bU, aJIH TH npHl\eBH l\aHaC cy 3HaTHO 06H'IHHjH y 06JIHKY KOKOwjU, Mpa6/bU (yn. -u1biiK, 1.10.9).
1.24.17. CJIO)!(eHH CYcPHKC -ej(a)u je cTBopeH l\o,naBalbeM ,nOManer -(a)1l Ha -ej-, JIaTHHCKor HJIH rp'lKOr nopeKJia, a y HeKOJIHKO pe'lH je no py CKOM -eell. 03Ha'lasa npHna,nHHKa, CJIel\6eHHKa HJIH CTaHOBHHKa, 06H'IHO Ol\ BJIaCTHTOr HMeHa: eiiuK)'pejall, iluillazopejall, ii.Ile6ejall32, Eepoiiejall (nopel\ l\aHaC 06H'IHHjer E8pOiilballUH). vb pycKor cy IIp8eHoapMejall, 1lP eeHozapoejall Hjow HeKOJIHKO pel)Hx CJIO)!(eHHua (KpacHoapMejall, 6[jJen.0 zapoejall, MIlaoozapoejall).
1.24.18. -Ap(a)u l\OJIa3H Ha HMeHH'IKY OCHOBY y wKo.llapall, ~eilapall, y 300JIOWKHM TepMHHHMa wyzapall (napa3HT KOjH npeHocH wyry) H willu illapall (BpcTa npa)!(HBOTHlba), y 60zapall (no PMC "caMO y H3pa3Y 6ozap Ila illu [MY, joj uillo.]60ra TH [MY, joj HTl\.]"). O,n npHl\eBCKe OCHOBe je My wKapall, Ol\ rnarOJICKe uO.lleillapall. HeMoTHBHcaHo je wuuapall, OCHM WTO CTOjH Y MOUHOHOM Ol\HOCY npeMa wuuapulla; CJIH'IHO H wuwapall, Ha3HB HHCeKTa KOjH Ha JIHwny H3a3HBa CTBapalbe wuwapulla (H3paCJIHHa). He 32 npeMa naTHHCKOM npHAeBy plebeius, MH Kao H3SeAeHHlta oAplebs = Uile6c (rAe je
-s HaCTasaK HOMHHaTHBa: }f,erOBa OJ{BojeHoCT oJ{ OCHOBe O,Qpa)l(aBa ce H Y HaweM npalionH cy, 6YJ{yhH J{a H30cTaje jeAHa'le}f,e no 3BY'lHOCTH).
1.24.19. -Ep(a)u CHejacHHM 3Ha'lelbeM HMaMO y cna60 nocBe.Qo'leHoj pe'lH cyK1bepall (,)!(eHCKa .QOH>a cYKH>a, nOl\cYKH>a', y PMC npeHeTO H3 pe'lHHKa PHcTHna-KaHrpre, 6e3 UHTaTa). 6a6Hn 1991 :83 Hana3H oBaj cy cPHKC y H3Be,neHHuaMa Ol\ 6pojeBa THfia oCMepall. Y TOM enyqajy, Mel)ymM, OCTana 6H He.QecPHHHcaHa OCHOBa y pe'lH fleilleepall. C 063HPOM Ha TO H Ha napanenH3aM ca o80jall, 3aKJbY'lHnH CMO l\a OBaKBe pe'lH HMajy OCHOBY 36HPHHX 6pojeBa H CYcPHKC -(a)1I (B. 1.24.6). 1.24.20. CYcPHKC -yw(a)u HeMa Ol\pel)eHor 3Ha'leH>a. )];ona3H ca HMe HH'IKHM OCHOBaMa y peii)!UIall, KpciilyuJall (6HJhKe), paKyUlall (Bpen paxa), C npHl\eBCKOM y MeK)'UIQlI, C rnaronCKOM y euj)!UIall (Bpen 6HJhKe nOBHjy we) H y TepMHHY iioillpKyUlIIU (y PMC C HenpeUH3HOM l\ecPHHHUHjoM ')1(){ BOTHlbHue Koje TeK WTO H3al)y H3 jajeTa )!(HBaxHO TP'Ie'). MCKJby'lHBO xp BaTCKa je pe'l ii{j)eH)!UIall ('neHYwaso BHHO; waMnaH>au'), KOjy 6HCMO npe H3BO.QHnH H3 rnarona a{j)eH)!UIaillu ce H -(a)1I Hero H3 HMeHHue il{j)eHll. 1.24.21. CYcPHKC -.Il(a)1I 06pal)yjeMo noce6Ho, "3 pa3J10ra KOjH cy 06 jawlbeHH nOl\ 1.86. 1.25. )];aneKo pel)H Ol\ -(a)1I jeCTe CYcPHKC -au (c nOCTojaHHM a). Iia 6Hn (1991 :78) cMaTPa l\a je OH "y KOMnneMeHTapHoj pacnOl\G)enH ca cy cPHKCOM -(a)II", yTOJIHKO WTO l\OJIa3H caMO nocne OCHOBa Koje ce 3aBpwa Bajy KOHCOHaHTCKHM rpynaMa. 33 Ol\ npHl\eBCKHX OCHOBa cy Myopall, Mp illeall, uoO.llall, ill{j)eCllall, iipe'lall (Ol\ OCHOBe KOMnapaTHBa), c8{j)eiii.llall ('6JIeCaK' HJIH 'ocetiaj 6neCKa npel\ O'lHMa H3a3BaH Yl\apueM H en. '), flU cillall (' cn060l\aH npOCTOp, 'IHCTHHa', l\aHaC npeTe)!(HO y cnojeBHMa U36e cillu, ucillepaillu na flucillall) "jow nOHeKa pel)a pe'l. O.Q rnarona cy maK Mall " K08uillIlall. 1.26. -A1f je BOOMa nnOl\aH CYcPHKC, npo~BaH H l\aHac. JoroBaH>e ce jaBJha CaMO H3Y3eTHO, Y OCHOBaMa ca 3aBPWeTKOM Ha -H (Uy1ba'l, HaC.IlO1ba'l34), 33 H3YJeTaK OA OBora je iipe'lQI4, Koje no lia6Hhy MO)l(e HMan! "a uOCTOjaao H Heuo CTojaHO". To nOTBpijyje H PMC, KOjH HaBO.IUI ,lUIa npHMepa y KHCTpyNeHTany: y UpSOI( OH rnaCH iipe'lQ!fe,M a y ApyroM iipe~l4eM. )J.aaac nHTaif>e HenOCTOjaaor Q 3a OBY pe'l HHje OHT HO, noIIITO ce oHajaBJba CKOPO HCKJI>}"IHBO Y cnojy IIQ iipe'lQI4 'H3HeHa,Qa'. 34 HQCIIQ/OQ'I je oc06eHo no TOMe WTO y OCHOBH HMa CBpmeHll maron (0 'IeM)' B. HH lICe) H IIITO, 3a paJnHKY OJ{ roroBO CBIlX OCTanIlX H3seJ{eHHll.a OBor TIlna, HMa uaCHBHO 3Ha'le }f,e (CTOJlHll.a HA KOJY CE HacnmaMO). C 063Hpold Ha TO, naItO je Moryhe Aa je HaCTanO ceKYH.LIapHOr HJIH KaO BapHjrurra O.A HQCIIO/OQ'IQ (B. HH)l(e, 1.28.1) HJIH YJ
62
63
TBOp6a pe'lH y caapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je31lKY
Cy$HKcaIlHja
y HeKHMa Ha -A (yi1t1Jba'l, illea U00800a'l, lIaUaOa..., zyoa'l, iio06aoa'l
Xooa'l. Ul.eilla'l, iiIleca'l, uzpa'l HT,II;.), nO.lhOnpHBpe)lHe pa,ll;H>e (opa'l, KOUa'l, ceja'l/cuja..., 6epa'l, KOCa'l), 6aB.lheH>e MY31!ROM (ceupa'l, zyoa'l, oyea'l, illpy 6a'l, ii(j)eea...), a nOBpx Tora jow 6e36poj ,ll;pyrHx aKTHBHOCTH: e03a... ('1e
H ,ll;p.). C ,ll;pyre C'l]JaHe, je,ll;Ha tPOHeTCKa IIojaBa cBojCTBeHa OBOM CYtPHKCY je CTe ,lI;HCHMHJlaUHja, 360r Koje ce 'l. Ii WlH II Ha I<pajy OCHOBe 3aMefbyje ca K, He CaMO y c(j)eKall (r,ll;e c[jjeK- nOCTOjH Kao je,ll;aH 0,11; aJIOMOptPa npe3eHTCKe OCHOBe) Hero H y U38AaKa'l (,II;eo nyW'IaHor MexaHH3Ma), y yWUKa'l, HaillUKa'l H y PeTKOM 3czilluKall.3 5
1.26.1. Y orpOMHoj Bel'iHHH npHMcpa -ii... ce cnaja C maroncKHM OCHO BaMa, H TO npeTe){(HO 0,11; HecBpweHHX marona. HeKe caCBHM 06H'IHe pe'lH, ,ll;o,ll;yWe, H3Be,ll;eHe cy 0,11; CBpweHHX rnarona: oMoilla'l. ouacall, ocuzypall. 3a iiyuta'l. yUt1Jba.... paCiitlulba'l (IIoene,ll;H>e ,ll;Be CjOToBafbeM) H ,ll;p. 3a BenHHY 0,11; OBHX pe'lH nOCTojH H aJITepHaTHBHO 06jawfbeu,e: ,ll;a cy HaCTaJIe 0,11; rnaro na Ha -a8aillu O,ll;HOCHO -u8aillu }'3 0,ll;6aU;HBafbe tPopMaHTa -a8/-u8. 0 TaKBoj MoryliHoCTH CBe,ll;O'le ycuca'l (nope,ll; ycucU8all H peTKOr ycuca8a'l), yWeMe /ball (= yilleMetbU8a'l), U3e(j)eUl.illa'l (IIpe 0,11; U3e[jjeUl.ma8amu Hero 0,11; U38[jjecmumu CjOTOBalbeM). ,l(a ce H je,ll;aH.H ,ll;pyrH Ha'lHH HaCTaHKa Mopa }'3eTH y 063Hp nOKa3yjy Cje,ll;He CTpaHe iiompoUl.a'l, Koje MO)Ke 6HTH caMO 0,11; CBpweHor UoillpoUl.uillu, a C,ll;pyre YZfbema..., npeMa HeCBpweHoM YZfbeilla8a illu (yZfbeCmU, -illeM H3aillllO je H3 ynOlpe6e, OCHM y napTHUHny YZfbeilleH). 1.26.2. M3Be,ll;eHHl\e Ha -a'l 0,11; rnaronCKHX OCHOBa jecy nomina agen tis H HajBeliHM ,ll;enOM 03Ha'laBajy .lhY,ll;CKa 6Hlia. Pa3YM.lhHBO je ,ll;a cy HeKe 0,11; H>HX nOCTaJIe H Ha3HBH 3aHHMaH>a, Kao K08a.... AO:JICa..., ",ucilla'l. Kpoja'l, iiepa'l. C8Upa..., CIlaza'l, U30a8a'l, IIpilla'l. Ul.aiiilla... H cn. MHoro qewne, HnaK, OHe 03HaqaBajy 1peHyrHor BpWHOl\a HeKe pa,ll;B>e. Ha TOMe je HHCH CTHpao EenHI'i, KOjH HCTHqe (1936:195): "BuKa..., 8pe6a'l, U3MUUl.lba'l H cn. jecy OHH ROjH BH'Iy, Bpe6ajy WlH H3MHw.lhajy y ,ll;aHoj npHnHU;H, a He OHH ROjH ce 8UKOM, 8pe6afbeM HnH U3MUUl.lbalbeM 6aBe Kao 3aHHMaB>eM". OTy,ll;a OH Bpno ,ll;eTa.lhHO paCnpaB.lha H 0 pa3nHl\H H3Meljy ...uilla'l ("OHaj KOjH y)la HOj npHnHl\H 'IHTa") H ...uillMall (BH,II;H H Ha c1p. 225-226 H 231). MHore 0,11; OBHX H3Be,ll;eHHu;a 03Ha'laBajy Ha'lHH nOHawafba (8uKa'l. 6y Ka'l, UC08a'l. CMeja'lICMuja'l, KO/ba'l, cKUilla'l. iiooeooa..., xajKa'l. xyutKa'l, U36upall, iipo6upa... HT,II;.), 6aB.lheB>e cnopToM H ,ll;pyrHM BpCTaMa KpeTaB>a (p8a'l, iiIlu8a..., CKaKa..., 6aZla ..., 8eClla.... jaxa..., 8(j)e:JIC6a ..., mpKa ...36, KAU3a..., 35 Jl.lljaxPOHO, OBH 06JlHIlH cy HaCTaJlH on iUuKOiUu (B. CKOK S. v. iUaliu), aJlH J{aHac je y ynoTpeOll CllMO iUUIIOiUu. naje y npaay Ba61l111986:72 KlI,II. KlllKe: "Y marona Ha -iUuIIO U iUu 'I ce 3aMjeHoyje ca K • 36 flo 06nHKY on iiipKoiUu ee, aJlH KaKO HCTIi'le Ea6HIi 1991:87, ,,3Ha'ieHoeM nOBe3aH C iUp'lOiUu" (yMecro ,,3Ha'ieHoeM" TlI'IHHje 6H 6HJlO .JeJ{IIHM OJ{ CBojHX 3Ha'lelha"). flo CBOj npHnHIlH je Ii oBAe J{CJIOBaJla MaJlO'lac nOMeHyTa J{HCHMHJlaI.lHja, YCJJeJ{ Koje je HeMoryhe *iUP'lO'l (HeMa Hl\ieJtHe pe'lH ca 3aBpWeTKOM -'Ia'l).
wile y 3Ha'leB>Y OHora KO ynpaB.lha CBOjHM ay,oM06HnOM Hero npotPeCHO HanHor wOtPepa: TaKO H cyeo3a'l), uYUl.a'l, caaell'l. UOWpOUla'l. UPoU38oba.... Ha6a8lba..., oo6a8/b(l'l. upezoeapa'l, uOCMaillpa'l. upeoa8all. 6upa'l. Hat/a 3a'l, UpOHMa3a'l, yOeapa'l, 3a6a6lba'l, 14(j)eQa'l (06HqHO y H3pa3Y 14eua'l Ka pailla), U38Uba'l, oCMaillpa .... HaUaOa'l. uoo6aoa'l. UOMaZa'l. OCHUea'l. Ila cwa6lba.... oceaja.... U3Aazall. upeoAaza .... ca3uea'l. uOKpema'l. uozaba ... HT,II;. HT,II;. Ha )KHBOTHB>e ce O)lHOCe KaCa'l (KOB» H upeepma'l (rony6: y wanH
IIpHMefbeHo H Ha .lhy,ll;e KOjH Harno Mefbajy IIOnHTH'IKa y6eljefba)37. BeoMa je wHpoKa H yn01pe6a CytPHKca -a'l 3a npe)lMeTe. Ty 1pe6a Hajnpe 3aIIa3HTH HeMaJIH 6poj HMeHHl\a Koje cy je,ll;HaKO 06HtJHe y 3Ha'lefbY qOBeKa H y 3HaqelbY npe,ll;MeTa, Kao yUpa6lba'l, HOCa'l, 6poja'l, 6puja'l, M(j)epa.... M(j)efba'l, U3a3U8a... (KaO tPOTorpatPCKH TepMHH HCT03HaqHO ca pa38uja'l), KAU3a'l (y TeXHH'IKOM CMHcny ',II;eo MexaHH3Ma KOjH KJlH3H no HeKoj nOBpwHHH') H en. Ilpe,ll;MeTe H3 CBaKO,ll;HeBHOr )KHBOTa 03Ha'lasajy ozpwa.... oillupa'l, uOKpU8a'l. iipeKpUea'l, 3auyuta .... yUt1Jba'l. ouaca'l, OMO wa.... iiOOMeilla'l, HQCIlOfba'l, yQuja'l H cn. Heurro cnellHtPHtJHHje TeXHIf1IKO 3Ha'lefbe HMajy Hoca..., op:JICa'l. uooyuupa'l, ocuzypa'l. OKUOa'l. o08uja'l. Oill8apa'l, 3aill8apa'l, zpejawzpuja.... 6puca'l. cillpyza'l. c(j)eKa'l HT,II;., y eneKTPoTexHHU;H H eneKTPoHHl\H iipeKUOa'l, yWuKa'l, uCUpa6lball, ocuzy pall, ooaUlUiball, Me~y Ha3HBHMa 6p0,ll;OBa pa3apa'l H illeZlba'l, y patJyHap CTBy Ul.mClMUa'l (ycneo npeBO,ll; eurnecKor printer).
1.26.3. Bpno je MaJIH 6poj H3Be,ll;emma 0,11; HMeHIf1IKe oCHOBe. CytPHKC y B>HMa HeMa o.npe~eHO 3HaqeB>e. Taue cy 6aKpa'l, :JICapa'l (no CBOj npWlH l\H HaCTano yI
38 "qoBeK KojH ce 6aaH nJICTelheM Kowapa" no PMC, rJ{e je HaBeJ{eHO CjeAHHM UH TaTOM. 0 Heyo6H'IajeHOCTH OBe pe'IH CBeAo'lH nOJ{aTaK J{a cy HenocpCJtHo no 06j8.BJLHBalhy npaaonHca 1960. cnOpTCKH HOBHHapH "nOmITHKe" TOKOM Bame JI,BJIa HB3HBaJlH KOlliapKa we KOZUapa'lUMa: caMO T'j pe'! cy HamJJH y npaBonHcHoM pe'lllHKY, na cy nOMHCJJHnH J{a je TO lIeKH "HOBH nponHe". HaKIlaJ{HO HM je 06j8.llIH.eHo All je KDzuapa'l yHeTO y PC'l:HHK 3601' maca 'I, a Aa 3a KozuapKazua HHje 6Hno nOTpe6e Aa ce YHOCH.
64
TBop6a pe'lH y C3BpeMenOM CpnCl\OM je3Hl\Y
1.26.4. -llBa'l je je.ll.aH O.ll. HajjacHMjMx npHMepa 3a nepHHTerpaQMjy. rJIarOnCKH Cy
1.27. Ca _a'l2 03Ha1JaSaMO CY
Cyq)HKcal.{Hja
65
(KojH, yocTanOM, SMme HHje yo6H'lajeH y 3Ha'lelbY 'KysaTH'). CKOK, HHaqe (s. v. ep'eiiiu), CMaTpa.ll.a je eapja'la HaCTano H3 paHMjer eapIVa'la, C
67
TBop6a pC'll! Y CaapeMeHOM CPllcKoMje311KY
CyqlHKcalUlja
lJeILa y PMC), CllallUH>atta (BpCTa K06aCHlle, no CTeBaHoBHl'iy 1964 1:559), iioxezatta (BpcTa WJbHBe: HHje jacHo ,lla JIH je O,ll TonOHHMa lloxeza HJIH MO}K,lla O,ll aneJIaTHBa iioxez 'naJIe:>K') HT,ll. Y 60TaHH'lKoj TepMHHOJIOrHjH YCTaJIHJIe cy ce CJIO:>KeHHlle zOllocO)eMeH>a'le H cKpueeHocO)eMelba'le. Y HeKHM pe'lHMa 3Ha'ieHoe je rOTOBO HCTO Kao y MOTHBHOj HMeHHllH, Hnp. py oa'la, Kpciiia'la, iiyiiia'la (3HaK "nyTa"). low ,llOCTa npHMepa HaBO,llH CTeBa HOBHl'i, aJIH cy Hey06H'IajeHH, Kao 6oO/ba'la '60,llJbHKaBa 6HJbKa', jaja'la '6R1hKa C nJIO,llOM y 06JIHKY jajeTa', pUiilUlba'la 'JIaMna C
MOea'la 3a BpJIO jaKY paKHjy (y HHKOJIHneBOM peIfHHKY, YHeo ayrop) HJlH oaCKOea'la 3a BeWTa'lKY paKHjy (HenOTBp~eHo y pe'lHHUHMa).
66
1.28.3. CJIH'IHY PalHOBPCHOCT HaJIalHMO H Me~y H3Be,lleHHllaMa O,ll npH,lleBcKe OCHOBe. IIOrp,llHH H3palH 3a :>KeHe cy 2IIyiia'la, lIyoa'la, 6l1eca'la (nOCJIe,llI:LH C pe,llYKoBaHoM OCHOBOM). YHHBep6aUHjoM cy HaCTaJIe Kpaciila KpaCTaBa :>Ka6a), zuiiluiillbat:ta WTHTHa )K)]e3,lla), BepoBaTHo H HMeHa 'la 3Be3,lla ee'leplba'la H C(j)eeeplbat:ta. Cyea'la (cyxa'la) 'MJIHH, BO,lleHHua Kojy nOKpel'iy KOH>H' HMa :>KeHCKH pO,ll BepoBaTHo npeMa eooeuulIa. Te:>Ke je o6ja CHHTH H360p :>KeHCKOr cY
,ll;aHac je peTKo 3Ha'leH>e 6aTHHe HJJH MOTKe O,ll ,llpBeTa 03Ha'leHOr MO THBHOM HMeHHUOM, Kao y xpaciiloea'la, 6peciiloea'la\ HJlH y ,npyroM 3Halfe Hoy pe'lH f(pyzuf(oea'la, iilpezulbeea'la, CMpeKOea'la. Opaxoea'la MO:>Ke 3Ha 'lHTH H TOPTY (nHTY, mrpy.llJIY) o,n opaxa, Kao H 6aoeMoea'la o,n 6a,lleMa. IlefDpoea'la je nJIO,ll (06HlfHO ja6YKa) KOjH calpeBa 0 IIeTpOB.llaHY. lthBaH 6HJbHOr BOKa6YJIapa je,llHHa 06H'lHHja pe'l je CIIOHOea'la - YHHBep6 auHja O,ll CIIOHoea f(oeiil. PMC 6ene:>KH H eepiilxajMo6a'la 'BeprxajMoBa Kaca' H eiilOIl06a'la (TaKolje ciilOIl06a'l, M.: 'umpoKa H JIeno H3~eHa CTOJIHua C HaCJlOHOM '). I1l10ea'la je ,naHac HeMOTHBHCaHa pe'l, jep je npB06HTHa HMe HHua (,llBa n;HTaTa y PMC) npeTe:>KHO H3aWJla H3 ynoTpe6e.
w,o
1.28.5. -Iba"la Kao CJIO:>KeHH CY
l'iH ,lla CKOPO CBe pe'lH C THM 3aBpWeTKOM MO:>KeMO H3BO,llHTH H npocTHM -a'la O,ll npH,lleBa Ha -oe. BapHjaHTa ;"eBa'la ce jaBJba caMO y iilpezulbeea'la, eUZUlbeea'la H Kajcujeea'la (6Hl'ie,lla rJIaCH TaKo, a He Kajcujoea'la, KaKO nH lUe PMC npeHocenH Taj 06JIHK H3 IIpaB. 1960).
O,ll npu.neBcKe OCHOBe je caMO 6eoH>a'lal6uolba'la (O,ll (6{j]e.n-Iba'la? Ha:>KaJIOCT CKOK, HaKO Ha nyne lfeTHpH CTpane Ha6paja H3Be,lleHHue O,ll npH ,llesa 6uje.n, OBY pe'l Huje YJeo y 063Hp). O,ll rnarOJJCKe OCHOse cy XIlaOlba'la, yilpiiilba'la H Hafipiillba'la. EHJlO 6H 3aHHM.JLHBO 3HaTH eTHMOJIOrnjy nejopa THBa UpopYKH>a'la,je,llHHe 06H'UIHje pe'lH Koja ce O,llHOCH Ha JbY,llCKO 6Hlie.
Y HajBeneM 6pojy pe'lH oBaj Cy
1.28.6. fu HCTHX palJlora Kao 3a CY
1.28.4. OCaMOCTaJbeHoe Cy
68
1.28.7. -OBlba'la HaJIa3HMO caMO y HeKOJIHKO pelfH, npe CBera y mo il06lba'la (paTHH 6po)1.), MaK06lba'la (pelje MaK06a'la: nHTa C MaKoM) U y aHaTOMCKOM TepMHHY cyo06lba'la, 3a OtIHy MeM{)paHY y KOjOj cy KpBHH cy )1.0BH. ilemp06lba'la je peljH CHHOHHM 3a ilemp06a~i' (B. 1.28.3).
1.28.8. -YJLaqa, 6e3 jacHo O)1.peljeHor 3Halfelba, )1.0JIa3U caMO y Kauy Iballa, MO)l(,l(a H y zp6Ylba'la 'BpcTa npHMHTHBHe Kyne' Ge)1.aH IJ.HTaT y PMC}. 1.29. -Am je je)1.aH 0)1. HajmJO)1.Hnjux cygllfKca, norOTOBY y HOBHje BpeMe. ~OK raje CTeBaHOBHh (1964 1:561-562) npHJIH'lHO cyMapHo npHKa 3ao, 06HJbe npHMepa MO)Ke ce HahH KO)1. Tep3Hha Ji 1999:101-110, a Haj HOBHjH )KaprOHH3MH, yrnaBHoM 0)1. cTpaHHx OCHOBa, )1.am cy KO)1. Eyrap CKor 1997:121 H 200P:63. Haj06HMHHjy rpaljy caKynHo je Ea6Hh 1991:120-129, aJIH HeKPHTH'lKH, no;:lje)1.HaKO -rpeTHpajytlH YCTaTheHe pe'lH H e4PeMepHe KOBaHHl.I.e H3 )1.HeBHe WTaMne. JOToBalbe HaJIa3HMO caMO y )1.Be-TPH pelje pe'lH ca OCHOBOM Ha -H, Kao ZpU6lbaW (nope)1. zpU6Haw: rony6), /.Iplbaw (BpcTa pH6e), ZYMelbaw zyMelbaK: je)1.aH npHMep y PMC}.
1.29.1. CY4PHKC ce Be3yje 3a HMeHH'lKe OCHOBe, 3HaTHO pelje 3a npH )1.eBCKe H rnaronCKe, a caMO H3Y3eTHO Ha OCHOBe 6pojeBa HJIH npHJIOra. Be nHKa BeliHHa H3Be)1.eHHlJ.a 03Ha'laBa JbY)1.e. OHe ca 3Halfea.eM )KHBOTUlba H npe)1.MeTa, aKO H3y3MeMo )1.06po n03HaTO uaupUKaw H ,ll.YBaH /ly/law, yrnaB HOM npHna.n.ajy cTapHjeM HJIH 4POJIKnOpHOM pe'lHHKy. TaKBe cy 6(j)e.naw (KOa.), oyii.lbaw H ZpU6lbaW (rOJIy60BH), ilpUmKaw ("rpax, KOjU ce nelbe y3 npHTKY", MapeTHn 1963:314), Kpu6aw (KpHB HO)K), op/law (HOB'lHn C JIH KOM opna) H CJJ. Je)1.aH 0)1. peTKHX HeOJJOrH3aMa CHe)KHBHM 3Ha'lea.eM jecTe oU3e.naw (aYToM06HJJ Ha )1.H3eJJ-rOpHBo). I1Ma H CJJYlfajeBa nOJJHCeMHje, Kao y KpCmaw, Koje nope)1. HCTopHjcKor 3Ha'lelba MO)Ke 3HalfHTH H 6apjaK C KP CTOM, HOB'lHli C KPCTOM HJJH BpCTY 6po)1.a; Meljaw je rpaHH'lHH KaMeH, alJH no PMC H rpaHHlfHH nojac H3Meljy )1.Ba HMalba, HJIH CHHOHHM 3a uOMeljaw (BJIaCHHK cyce)1.HOr HMaa.a); KpWlaw HMa weCT 3Halfea.a y PMC. THnH'lHO je 3a oBaj CY4PHKC ,ll.a H3pa)KaBa caMO Be3Y y HajulHpeM CMH CJJy. OTY)1.a H3Be,ll.eHHl.I.e 0)1. HMeHHlJ.a MOry 3HalfHTH npHna,ll.HOCT (K.Ily6aw, ceKmaw, aK/.Iujaw, /lOZopaw, Ma¢ujaw, 36e30aW [HaBHja'l LWBeHe 3Be3)1.e], yo6aw, O)1.He)1.aBHO omuopaw [EyrapcKH 2001:63] HT,ll..), Mory 6HTH MOTH BHcaHe HeKHM KapaKTepHCTHlfHHM npe)1.MeToM (6amUHaw, mecmepaw, MaHmujaw, Kauymaw, KO¢epauUK)I¢epaw, ¢OmeJbaw, 6oM6aw, pe60/l6e paw, OUHaMUmaW, /.I6UKepaw, KpCmaw, ¥eMuepaw, KOMujymepaw [no CJJe,ll.lba ,ll.Ba KO,ll. EyrapcKor 1997:121J HT)1..), MOry ce O)1.HOCHTH Ha cnOpT HnH cnOPTCKY )1.HCI.I.HnnHHY (KowapKaw, oo6ojKaw, pYKOMemaw, xOKejaw,
69
CytPHKcauHja
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
KYZllaw, KajaKaw, K.IlaOU6aW, Koii.lbaw, ¥yoaw (nope,ll. 'lewner ¥youcm[aj), Oalbaw, 6ucaw. cuopaw [nOCJJe)1.lba TpH y KnajH 1992], TaKO H uOKepaw HT)1..), MOry 3Ha'lHTH CBHpaqa, yrJIaBHOM caMO 3a HapO,ll.He HHCTPYMeHTe (xapMoHuKaw, zajoaw. maM6ypaw, 6epZllaw, ¢py/law, opzylbaw HT)1..), ja BJbajy ce H Kao 4PaMHJJHjapHH Ha3HBH 3a 60JIeCHHKa: iiAyliaw, uH¢apKinaw (Tep3Hn 6. 1999: I 05), weliepaw, 'lupaw, O)1.CKOpa cuoaw HT)1.. Pa3He )1.pyre BpcTe CeMaHTH'lKHX O)1.HOCa HaJIa3HMO y /laKpoujaw, KOMeoujaw (B. HH)Ke, 1.29.3), ua¢maw, paKUjaw, 'lepzaw, wajKaw (0)1. wajKa), KO'lujaw, malbu zaw, a¢epaw, peKemaw HT)1.., 'leCTO ca cKpaheHOM OCHOBOM Kao y aymOHO Maw, 6upmaw (nope)1. 6upmujaw), ZIlazolbaw (O)1.ZIlaZolbu/.Ia), HnH y OMH JbeHOM Me)1.HjcKoM H3pa3Y zy6umaw « zy6umaK). Y nOJIHTH'lKOM TepMHHY /.IeHmpYMaw (0)1. 3aCTapeJJor /.IeHmpYM < HeM. Zentrum, nOCBe,ll.O'leHOr C)1.Ba IJ.HTaTa y PMC), HanpOTHB, OCHOBa je npOWHpeHa y nopeljelby C )1.aHa llla.HM 06JJHKOM HMeHHlJ.e /.leI/map.
-aw
Kao eTHHlfKH CY4PHKC, ce no repHepy 1963:11 jaBJba caMO y ce BepHoj H ceBepoHcrolfHoj XpBaTcKoj; y06H'lajeH je caMO eTHHK KopoYHaw (6a6Hn 1991:123). MywKa JIH'IHa HMeHa Ha nOMHa.e CTeBaHoBHn 19641:562, Hnp. AHopujaw,/(pazaw, Mamujaw, TOMaw, Mojaw; Ta HMeHa cy )1.aHaC peTKa, aJIH cy nOCBe)1.0'leHa y npe3HMeHHMa Ha -e6uli.
-aw
1.29.2. C npH)1.eBCKOM OCHOBOM cy npe CBera 6ozamaw, 6e.nUKaw, 3e /leHaW, iiAeMeHUmaw. Ha3HBe )KHBOTHlba /.Iplbaw H 6(j)e.naw Beli CMO no MeHynH rope. Y 60KCY H )1.pyrHM cnoPToBHMa pe):{oBHo ce ynOTPe6JbaBa meWKaw Kao Ha3HB 3a TaKMH'lapa TeWKe KaTeropHje. HHCY y06H'lajeHH ,ll.pyrH H3pa3H Koje HaBO)1.H 6a6Hn (CTP. 127), Kao o06olbaw, /lamUHaW, up0K.llemaw, cuopaw H cnnlfHH. C )1.pyre CTPaHe, HeKe 0)1. npHMepa nOMe HYTHX Meljy HMeHHlfKHM OCHOBaMa MornH 6HCMO CBpCTaTH OBaMO YKOJIHKO cMaTP3Mo )1.a cy HaCTaJlH 0.11. npH)1.eB3 C 0)1.6au,HB3a.eM npH.D.eBCKOr CY4PHK ca: aymoHoMaw 6H Morno 6HTH 0)1. aymoHoM(aH), ZIlaZOlbaw 0)1. ZIla ZOIb(CKU), weliepaw 0)1. weliep(Ha) (6o/lecm) H cn. 1.29.3. 3a rnarOJICKY OCHOBY TeWKO je HaliH HecYMa.HBe npHMepe: Meljy peTKHMa cy 6/le6emaw (y PMC 6e3 IJ.HT3Ta) HJIH KOlbaw (Mo)K)1.a caMO BapHjaHT3 O,ll. 06H'lHHjer KOlba'l). 3HaTHo je BHwe OHHX K30 WTO cy /laK maw, KYZllaw, Kapmaw, 6ypzujaw, KOjH.6H no 06nHKY MornH 6HTH H 0)1. HMeHHlJ.e, aJIH AH'lHlieBa (l975 3:13) 3aKThY'lyje)1.a Hxje C 063HpoM Ha )1.e4PHHHIJ.Hjy ("oHaj KOjH ce naKTa" HT)1..) OnpaB,ll.aHHje MOTHBHCaTH rnaronOM. I1cTO Ba)KH CBaKaKO H 3a ii/baliKaw H cKujaw 39 , eBeHTYaJIHO H 3a 6amUHaw H po6ujaw. liTO ce THlfe pe'lH /laKpoujaw H KOMeoujaw, Ma.n.a HX 6a6Hli (CTP. 126) H3BO)1.H 0)1. rnarona (OBY )1.pyry H CTeBaHoBHn), )1.aHaC TaKBa ,ll.e 39
Yn. CHHOHHM CM)"lap O.ll. CMy~amu ce (.Il.a je O.ll. HMeHHl.\e Mopao 6H rnaclITH
*CM)"ll(ap).
70
TBop6a pe'll1 y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje311K)'
pHBaUHja HeMa OnpaB,lJ.alba, 6Y,lJ.ynH ,lJ.a cy rJlaroJlH AaKpoujaiilu 11 KOMeoU jaiilu CaCBHM Hey06H'IajeHH, 3a pa3JIHKy 0,lJ. HMeHHua AaKpOuja O,lJ.HOCHO KOMeouja. Haj3a.D., Myopujaw je KO,lJ. 6a6Hlia CBpCTaHO Me1)y "O,lJ.marOJlCKe" H3Be,lJ.eHHue (pMC 6eJIeJKH Myopujaiilu Cje,lJ.HHM UHTaTOM, nope,lJ. 'Iewlier Myopoeaiilu H ,lJ.eHOMHHaJIHOr Myopujazuuiilu), aJIH je BepoBaTHHje ,lJ.a je H3 Be,lJ.eHO H3 HMeHHue Myopuja (= My,lJ.pOJIHja), Kao WTO MHCJIH CKOK, no,lJ. Myoap H no,lJ. -awl.
Cy(jJHKcaUHja
71
Ha3HBH pa.o.lbH HJIH CTalha jeey Ha npHMep 6op6a, CIlyx6a, :.J!CYP6a, iileop6a, oe06a (ouo6a), 6ep6a, opY::JIC6a, uaWa, cw6a40, nape06a, nazo06a, uozo06a, uOMup6a HT,lJ.. Kao H YBeK ca nomina actionis, 3Ha'leH>e pa,lJ.H>e ce Y MHOrHM pe'lHMa npeHocH Ha fbeH Pe3ynTaT, Ha npe,lJ.MeT, KOMyHl~KaJ..UiOHl1 'IHH H CJlWIHO: U3JIox6a, upupeiJ6a, Z036a (0,lJ. zociiluiilu [ce]), Mo'.n6a, x0.!l6a,
ce(j)eoo~6a, ypeo6a, oopeiJ6a, napeiJ6a, UpUM(j)eiJ6a, upeoo~6a H CJl. 0,lJ. HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe je je,lJ.HHO ceao6a, Y3 3aCTapeJlO ceojiJ6a ' CBOj Ta', 03Ha'IeHO Kao nOKpajHHcKo y PMC. JlecKHH (1914:283) pa3Marpa MO 1.29.4. 0,lJ. 6pojeBHe OCHOBe (He pa'lYHajyliH CJlOJKeHHUe Koje HaBO,lJ.H ryliHocT ,lJ.a cy CHMeHH'IKOM OCHOBOM H pe'lH Kao crljeooJl6a HJlH iJpyx6a, MO HHJKe) npaBH JIeKCeMCKH cTaryc HMajy caMO HCTOPHjCKH TepMI1H 'leiilp aJIH C 063HpoM Ha nocTojafbe maroJIa crljeiJo'luiilu H opyxuii2u ce 3aKJLy oeCeiilOCMaw. 'yqeeHHK nOKpeTa H3 1848' H HOBHje w.e30eCeiilOCMaw (Be 'Iyje ,lJ.a je HnaK 60Jbe H H>HX CBpCTaTH Me1)y ,lJ.eaep6aJIe. 3aHO 3a cry,lJ.eHTCKe HeMHpe 1968). flpeaw, opyzaw HT,lJ., ,lJ.0 OCMaw, Koje HanOMeHHMO ,lJ.a Y XpBaTcKoj CYCPHKC -6a HMa 3HaTHO WHPy npHMe HaBO,lJ.H 6a6HIi (c'Ip. 127) ca 3Ha'ielbeM Y'IeHHKa ,lJ.OTH'IHHX palpe,lJ.a, HeMajy HY, TaKO ,lJ.a nocTOjH HH3 pe'lH Kao nao6pa36a,jeiJnal,l6a, nacii2aM6a (r,lJ.e je y cpncKoM ,lJ.pyrH CYCPHKC) HJlH ZJla36a, cKJUliJ6a, upoMuJl6a, ouop6a HT,lJ.., cTBapHY yno'Ipe6y. 0,lJ. npHJlOra cy MyKiilaw (MyfjJiilaw) H 3UXepaw. (0,lJ. repMaHH3Ma 3U r,lJ.e cpncKH ynO'Ipe6JbaBa n03ajMJbeHHue. MnaK, TepMHH ii2eop6a (pe'lu) YCBojeH je H y Cp6HjH IIpaBonHcoM H3 1960. H ywao je y TpajHY ynOTpe6y, xep 'CHryPHO', pacnpoc'IpafbeHor y rOBopHoMje3HKY). 6a6Hli ry cBpcTaBa npe CBera 3aTO WTO (3a pa3JlHKy 0,lJ. paHHjer cpnCKor zpa~eJbe pe'lu) HMa H YAiilpaw, aJIH ultra je npHJlOr caMO y JIaTHHCKOM, ,lJ.OK je nOJIHTH'IKH Tep npH,lJ.eB iileop6enu.
MHH yAiilpaw. npeBO,lJ. cppaHuycKe HMeHHue ultra, Koja je HaCTaJIa cKpane
CJlOJKeHH CycpHKCH:
fbeM npecpHKCaJIHe TBopeHHue ultraroyaliste, a y HOBHje BpeMe je npHMe 1.31.1. CYCPHKC -H,lJ.6a CTeBaHoBHn (19641:474) 'IpeTHpa Kao CYCPHKC lbeHa Ha palHe .o.pyre BpcTe eKc'IpeMHcTa. CJIH'IHOr npecpHKCaJIHOr nOpeKJla -6a ca OCHOBaMa ,,0,lJ. 06JlHKa HHcpHHHTHBa oKpH>eHor 0,lJ.6HjaH>eM KpajH>er je H Koniilpaw. (npBeHcTBeHo Ha3HB 3a repHJlue y HHKaparBH, 0,lJ. wn. con u". JlecKHH, HanpoTHB (1914:283-284), cMarpao je ,lJ.a je -uo6a HaCTaJIO tra, cKpalieHo 0,lJ. contrarrevolucionario: B. KnajH 1992). KOHTaMHHaUHjoM cycpHKca -iilea H -6a, O,lJ.3.KJle -iil6a = -06a; Kao nOTBp,lJ.y, 1.29.5. CycpHKC -aw cpelieMo H y H3BeCHOM 6pojy CJIOJKeHHua, C 6po OH HanOMHH>e,lJ.a nocrojH H cjeiJ6a Kao BapujaHTa 0,lJ. cjeiilea. Koje ro,lJ. 6H jeM HJIH npH,lJ.eBOM y npBoM ,lJ.eJly: upeoAuzaw, 0PyzoAuzaw, ueiiloKoAouaw, no HcnpaaHo ,lJ.HjaxpoHHjcKo ryMaqeH>e, HeMa cyMH>e ,lJ.a ce -uiJ6a Mopa no oeoMeii2paw, cii2oMeii2paw (TaKMH'Iap y 'IpUH Ha CTO Menpa), I1pnoKowy cMaTpaTH Kao 3ace6aH CyCPHKC. 3a TO nOCToje 6ap ,lJ.Ba apryMeHTa. lIpao, no .!baw, Zlpnociiloiilunaw, KpaiilKoupyzaw., oyzoupyzaw HT,lJ.. IIpecpHKcaJI CTeBaHOBHlieBoj aHaJIH3H oCTaje He06jawfbeHo 3aWTO 6H CYCPHKC -6a ,lJ.ona HO-CycpHKCaJIHe TBopeHHue cy 6e3eM.1baw, 6e3M03Zaw. Ge,lJ.aH UHTaT y 3HO HCKJLYlJHBO Ha HHcpHHHTHBe Ha -uiilu (je,lJ.HHH H3Y3eTaK je yiJaiJ6a, WTO PMC), uoopeuaw., Beli nOMeHyro uOMe~aw H jow nOKoja. je CBaKaKO HaCTaJIO no aHaJIOrnjH ca ceao6a, ::JICeuuiJ6a, upocuo6a, e[j]e puo6a). ,npyro H jaw BaJKHHje, -uiJ6a ce jaBJLa y peqHMa ee3Uo6a, pe3uiJ6a H epwuo6a 41 , r,lJ.e ce He MOJKe TBp,lJ.HTH ,lJ.a je OCHOBa HHCPHHHTHB. 1.30. -AwHH. CYCPHKC ca acpeKTHBHHM npH3BYKOM, jaBJha ce caMO y CBe HMeHHue Ha -uo6a 03HaqaBajy rnaronCKY pa.D.H>y. HHKOJIHneB K)'MaWUn H upujawun, y3 TO Y HMeHY BYKawull H y ,lJ.pyrHM HMeHHMa ca'Iy BaHHM y npe3HMeHHMa Ha -oeun: J3ypawun, fleii2paw.un, t(06paw.un, Mu06paTHH pelJHHK 6eneJKH HX 'IpH.ll.eCeTaK, aJIH BeliHHa H>HX cy peTKe HJIH 3a CTapene. 1I0pe,lJ. MaJIO'IaC nOMeHYTHX xeuuo6a, upocuo6a H e(j)epuo6a, Kawun HT,lJ.. (rpKoBHn 1977).
1.31. -lia ,lJ.OJIalH CKOpO HCKJLy'lHBO Ha rJIarOJICKe OCHOBe. CJIOJKeHH C fbHM cy -uo6a H -o6a, Koje 06pa1)yjeMo noce6Ho (yn. H -ao6a, 1.0). JOTOBa fbe ce jaBJba CaMO y ua.lb6a « utl/lUiilu). Jl npeJIalH y 0 y oeo6a (ou06a),
pQ3oeo6a (-uo6a), ce06a, aJIH oCTaje HeH3MelbeHO y MOA6a (Mo6aje CTeKJIO ,lJ.pyro 3Ha'Ielbe H H3ry6HJIO MOTHBaUHjy), xtl/l6a, ue'ltl/l6a.
40 no JIecKHHY 1914:281 O,ll. Cp'luiliu ce (TaKo H I>a6Hh 1991:26). CKOK, Me~ymM, s. v. cPlfe, nOMH1M ,Il.aje Y CJlOBeHa'lKOM H6yrapcKoM cpo6a, a 3a CX. cPII6a ,Il.aje TYMa'leHoe ,,'I > II O,ll. yuaKpwTeHoa ca cPlfe". Koja ro,ll. 6HJla Ta'lHa eTHMonofHja, CHHXPOHHjCKH cc cp1J6a Y CBaKOM cnY'Iajy BeJyje.311 cpiJuiliu (ce), Kao H HCTOOHa'lUO cpO/ba. 41 fJlaroJl 6pliu (6peliu) HMa H 06JlHK HH(jJHHHTHBa 6PUlUiliu, aJlH je oBaj Y PMC 03Ha 'leu Kao "HeKHoHlKeBaH", 3a pa:mHKY O.tl HMeHHUC 6pUluo6a Koja HeMa aJlTcpHaTHBe.
72
TBop6a pe'iH y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je31lKY
CyljlHKCaqllja
)l,aHac je y WHPOKOj ynoTpe6H MO)K,ll.a jow CaMO iiAo6uo6a. 0)1, OHHX Koje 3Ha'le nOn,onpHBpe)l,He pa)l,OBe y06HqajeHe cy CaMO 6pUlUo6a H Kocuo6a, )l,OK 6H ce 3a OCTaJle (KpMUo6a, Kp'luo6a, ilio6uo6a, 16YUlilluo6a, iiAe6uO 6a/Wbe6U06a H cn.) TeWKO HaWiIe nOTBp)l,e y CaBpeMeHHt~ TeKCTOBHMa.
ilip8a, 06p6a, uacilip8a, yill8a H )l,pyre petfH 3a Koje H caM CreBaHOBHn npH 3Haje )l,a cy "caCBHM HeMOTHBHcaHe".
1.31.2. Cy
73
1.32.1. -TBa ce jaBJI,a ca 3HaqelbeM pa.n.lbe y MOlluiU8a, KIleill8a, 3a KIlefii8a, cO)eill8a, :JICeill8a H y 3aCTapenOM iiAeili6a (Wbe-) 'nJleBJI,elbe', C npe)l,MeTHHM 3Ha'ielbeM y 6puiU6a. llaciU8a je )l,aHaC npeTe)f{HO HeMOTHBH caHa pe'l, jep je H3ry6HiIa HeKa)l,alllIhe He
1.33. Kao CY
1.34. Ca -e t 03HaqaBaMO CY
IhHMe H3Be)l,eHe HMeHHu.e ,,3Haqe MJI8)I,0 0)1, n,y,nH H 0)1, )f{HBOTHIha", KaKO je nHcao MapeTHn 1963:319 (CJlH'IHO H JIecKHH 1914:266). CTeBaHoBHo ra Ii He nOMHIhe, BepOBaTHO CMaTpajYOH )l,a je rpaMaTH'IKH HaCTaBaK a He cy
74
\,
TBop6a pe'lM y CanpeMCIIOM cpnCKOM je3MKY
CycjmKC3L1llja
-lie). Kao lIlTO je n03HaTO, cTapHjH rpaMaTM'IapH 3aJIaraJUI cy ce 3a npOMe HY OBHX XHnOKopHCTHKa 6e3 npOlIlHpelba -eill- (.n:aKJle Kao Y OCHOBHHM HMeHHMa Dop~e, llaBlie, Paooje H cn.). ITpoMeHa Paoe, Paoa, MeIjYTHM, Kao lIlTO je npH3Hao H CTeBaHoBHo 1964 1: I 96, OT.fYBaJIa ce caMO Y "roBopH Ma HjeKaBcKHM HajYJKe OCHOBHue KlbHJKeBHOr je3HKa HjeKaBcKor H3roBopa, Y HCTOT.fHOXepuerOBaT.fKHM H Y roBopHMa CJlHBa peKe ,lWHHe". Y .n:aHalIllbeM cpnCKOM CTaH.D.ap.n:llOM je3HKY .n:arreKO je 06wlHHja npOMeHa Paoe, Paoeilla.
TH H3Be.n:eHHUaMa cillallex (o.n: pa.n:Hor npH.ll:eBa marona ciUaillu), uaoex (H3 pycKor HIIH UpKBeHocnoBeHcKor, r.n:e je npeBe.n:eHHua naTHHCKor casus HIIH rpT.fKOr ptosis, CBe C npB06HTHHM 3HaqelbeM 'na,n'), MeilleoK: H cn.
JIecKHH je OBaMO CBpCTaBao H 06nHKe Kao ~a'l.e, YHYlle, iiillulle, r.n:e je HaCTarro narraTaJIH3aUHjoM -K HnH -1/ Hcnpe.n: -e. ,l(HjaxpoHHjCKH je Bepo BaTHO 6HO y npaBY, arrH 3a .n:aHalIllbe je3HT.fKO ocellalbe OBaKBH .n:CMHHYTHBH cy ce H3je.n:HaT.fHnH ca OHHMa THna KOI-b-'l.e, 1(uzafl-lle, H 3aTO HX HOBHjH ayropH CBe CBpcTaBajy no.n: CYIPHKC -lle. 'I.
1.35. 3a CYIPHKC -e2 HHje CHrypHO .n:a cna.n:a Y cpncKH je3HT.fKH CTaH .n:ap.n:, 6y.n:yOH .n:a ce jaBJha npeTeJKHO Y .n:aJIMaTHHCKHM xHnoKopHcTHuHMa HMeHa, MYlIlKHX Kao Cilluiie, illUMe, Jype, AHille, Maille, flJpafle. Jlo6pe H cn. H JKeHCKHX Kao Mape, AHe, JeJle, Kaille, JlJ'l1e H CJl. MYlIlKa ce HeKH nyr npHK.lLyqyjy THny -e 1, na ce y lieorpa.n:y T.fyje npoMeHa Cilluuewa, Cilluueilly, lllUMewa, illUMeilly H CJl. (arrH TO He BaJKH 3a HMeHa Kao AI/ille H Maille). I:bHXoBa H3BopHa .n:eKJJHHaLtHja, no KOjOj ce Hje.n:Ha H.n:pyra Melbajy Kao HMe HHue Ha -a, y Cp6HjH npaKTHT.fHO He nOCTOjH 3a MylIlKa HMeHa, .n:OK 3a JKeH CKa 3HaT.fH .n:a ce HeyrpaJIHlIle pa3nHKa H3Meljy THna Mape H Tima Mapa. 1.36. -E:lK je BeOMa xeTepOreH H HenpaBHnaH CYIPHKC, KaKO no 3HaT.fe Iby TaKO H no rpaMaTHT.fKHM oc06HHaMa Oep 6ap nOJlOBHHa H3Be.n:eHHua OcuHJlHpa H3Meljy MYlIlKor H JKeHCKOr po.n:a). ,l(OJla3H HajT.felIlOe C maron CKHM OCHOBaMa, r.n:e 03HaT.faBa pa.n:lbY HJlH CTaB>e, npeTeJKHO y peT.fHMa C ne jopaTHBHHM npH3BYKoM, Kao y zpa6ex, op(uj)eMex, Zlba6eX, oa6ex (oBe .n:Be H ca 3HaT.feB>eM '.n:oca.n:aH T.fOBeK, rlbaBaTop'), c6p6ex, cMpoex ('CMPa.n:' HJIH ' OHO lIlTO CTBapa CMPa.n:'), K6apex, Kpuex (rpH 3Ha'lelba y PMC: 'HenpeCTaHo KplUl>elbe', 'OHO lIlTO je T.feCTO KplUl>eHO, npfbe, rpaJbe', 'OHO lIlTO je CKJJenaHO, KpnapHja'), wpuex Crpn./helbe, naTlba npaoeHa crp lUl>elbeM'), uallex 'naJbeBHHa', lia6ex 44 HT.n:. IToje.ll:HHaT.fHH T.fHH 03Ha'laBa upoex; npe.n:MeTHO 3HaT.felbe .n:06HnH cy 6ooex, tjpillex, npeTe:lKHO xpBaT CKO pu6ex 'Hanpana 3a pH6aH.e, TpeHHUa', Kao H Kpaillex, peT.f 3a6eneJKeHa y HOBHje BpeMe, ca 3HaT.feB>eM 'cKpalleHa nYlIlKa'. He MOry ce BHlIle cMarpa 44 HeO'leKHBaHO 6, no CKOKY, s. v. JlajaUlu, 6HJlO 6M pe3YJlTaT 33MeHej ca 6 y Heno TBp~eHOM Jlaje:x. Y6e):lJbHBHje Jlenyje M3peTMlleBo o6jalllibelbe (1963:324) no KOMe je OCHOB3 Y3eTa H3 HeKa):I311llbe MMeHHue Jla6 'Jlajalbe': T)' MMeHMUY nOMHlbe H CKOK, aJlH je T)'Ma'iH cKpalielbeM OJI Jla6e:x.
75
)f(u6e:JIC (no PMC MYlIlKor po.n:a y 3Ha'lefbY 'HaMHPHHUe', JKeHhor y 3HaqelbY 'JKHBHHa'), Z1-bUlie:JIC Ii flipYlie:JIC MornH 6H TaKolje 6HTH o.n: r;1aro IIa, aJIH je BepoBaTHHje .n:a cy o.n: npH.n:eBa. HecYMlbHBO o.n: npH.ll:eBa, TaKolje ca 36HPHHM 3Ha'lefbeM, jecy cuillllex (JK. HnH M. po.n:a), cillape:JIC, Mliaoex (JKeHCKOr po.n:a, 'oMna.n:HHa'). XOMOHHM Mliaoe:JIC (M) 'MpJI>a HJIH H3palIlTaj Ha KOJKH' HaCTao je o.n: cTapHjer MaOe:JIC, YKplIlTeHOr caMllaoex, no Mape THlleBoM TYMa'lefbY Koje npeHocH CKOK, ,Jep ce MaOe:JIC nojaBJLyje o.n: paHe Mna.n:OCTH". O.n: HMeHHT.fKe OCHOBe cy c6pa6e:JIC, zape:JIC (no PMC CHHOHHM 3a zap HIIH 'l.a~) H 36HPHO uUlie:JIC CnHnHOH', IPHrypaTHBHO 'CHTHa .n:eua, Heja'l').
1.37. -EKalba je THllH'laH ayrMeHTaTHBHO-nejopaTHBHH a!j)HKc. Ma PeTHO (1963:320) raje HaJIa3HO "caMO y oBe rpH pHje'lH YBenaHa 3Haqelba: MOM'lhalba, cp6hafba, CnpT.feKafba", aJIH HOBHjM pe'lHHUH 6eneJKe H UO UeKa1-ba, IiYlieKa1-ba, 1l0CeKa1-ba, 1I0:JICeKa1-ba, jap'l.eKQ1-b(1, pYlleKa1-ba H jOlIl nOHeKY pe'l. Kao lIlTO ce BH.n:H M3 Cillap'l.eKa1-ba, MOM'leKa1-ba H H3 nocne.n:l:be .n:Be pe'IH, naJIaTaJIH3aLtHja ce jaB./ha y OCHOBaMa Ha -II H Ha -K. Po.n: je no npaBHny JKeHCKM, CTHM lIlTO Y Ha3HBHMa ./hy.n:CKHX 6HIla MOJKe 6HTM H My lIlKH, npeMa npHpo.n:HOM po.n:y. 1.38. CYIPHKC -MHH, IPOPMaJIHO rne.n:aHO, jaB.lLa ce C HMeHH'lKOM OCHOBOM y 6liacilleJlUll H 6ailleJlull 'noCTaBa o.n: BaTe', a C rnaronCKOM HnH pe.n:YKOBaHOM npH.lI:eBCKOM Y ZU30eJllm. BliacilleJlul/ je HnaK noce6aH cny T.faj, jep Ca.n:PJKH -Ull Koje je aHaJIOrHO cHHryIIapHoM npo.n:YJKeTKY y zocilo OUIt H cn. (oTY.n:a ce YMeCTo MHOJKHHe no npaBHny ynorpe6.IhaBa 36HpHa HMeHHua 8liaciUeJla). rU30eJlUIt je no CKOKY (s. v. -en.) npBo6HTHO .n:y6po Ba'lKa pet{ ca .n:BOjHHM HTaJIHjaHcKMM CYIPHKCOM -ello + -ino. IIoCTaHaK pe T.fH 6ailleJlult HMje jacaH. 1.39. CYIPHKC -eJL (MYlIlKor po.n:a, OCHM Y uozu6eJb, Y KyUeJb H Y peQH KYKaBeJb, Koja MOJKe 6HTH M. HnH JK.) 3a6eneJKeH je y SeJIHKOM 6pojy peQH, aJIH cy rOTOBO cse .n:aHac peTKe H cna60 n03HaTe. Mory 6HTH o.n: HMe HHT.fKMX OCHOBa, Kao zpeoeJb ('rpe.ll:Hua Ha nnyry Koja cnaja npe.n:lbH H 3a.n: IbH .n:eo'), KocilleJb (o.n: KOCW: BpCTa MopcKor nca), jom 'lelIlne o.n: npH,l:\eB CKHX Kao XyWeJb ('HeBeH' HJIM 'MaCna'laK' no PMC), IIplleJb (BpCTa pH6e), 6p3eJb (nTHUa), Bell nOMeHYTo K)!Ka6eJb 'ja.n:HHK, KyxasaU' H ca CJlH'lHHM 3Ha'lelbeM p~a6eJb, KOCMeJb (spCTa paKa HnH 6H./hKe) H cn. O.n: rIIaronCKHX
76
TBop6a pe'fll y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje311KY
CyqlllKCaL\lIja
OCROBa cy uozu6e.tb H Kyiie.tb (npBa pe'l je pYCH3aM, ,u,pyra je npeTe)KHO Xp BaTCKa). llA{uj)e6e.tb (6HJbKa) 6H MOrnO 6HTH O,u, marona MH o,u, HMeRHl.(e, a lfUKe.tb (BpCTa ,u,p03,u,a) o,u, marona, o,u, HMeRHl.(e MH RanpOCTO' "no OHO MaTonejH Koja HMHTHpa lbHXOB mac", KaKO Ka)Ke CKOK (s. V. quq,aUlu). TYHOe.tb je no CKOKY o,u, marona zyoO)eUlu, anH eneHTe30M -H- H3ry6Hno je MOTHBal.(Hjy. Kpue.tb je HeH3BeCHe eTHMonomje (B. CKOKa no,u, KjUb H no,u, Kpuyuta), Kao H xexe.tb H HeKonHKO ,u,pyrHx peqH. Kao lIlTO ce BH,u,H, HH Y je,u,Hoj o,u, HaBe,u,eHHX peqH -e/b HeMa HeKO Cnel.(H
TonOHHM KMecuja o,u, KM, B.", anH ce Taj TonOHHM He nOMHlbe ,u,pyr,u,e y pe'lHHKy.
1.40. ~EJLa, ca WafbHBo-aYrMeHTaTHBHHM 3Ha'ielbeM, HMaMO y baKe /ba H y HMeHHMa J06e.tba H MapKe.tba (06a y rpKoBHn 1977). )KeHcKor po,u,a H 6e3 cyMlbe ,u,pYK'IHjer nopeKnajecTe Cy$HKC y ut6e.tba (= ut8a/ba), r,u,e ra MO)KeMO cMaTpaTH 3a BapHjaHTY 06HqHHjHX areRTMBHHX cy$HKca -/ba o,u, HOCHO -U/ba.
1.47. -ETI (reH. -emu: -em2 je cTpaHOr nopeKna, BH,u,H no,u, 2.17) nOH MeHH'IaBa npH,u,eBcKe OCHOBe y ZOAem H y ii.n.a8eUl. CnHqaH Cy$HKC, caMO MYWKor po,u,a, nocTojao je y HMeHHl.(aMa OHoMaTOnejcKor nopeKna 38eKew, KpeKem, K.IleiieW, mpeiieW H cn., anH ,u,aRac HX MopaMO TYMa'lHTH Kao ,u,e Bep6ane o,u, marona 38eKewamU H cn., C HyJITHM Cy$HKCOM.
1.41. -EH ce jaBJba y ManOM 6pojy peqH, npe CBera y upcUleH. Y 3a cTapenoM zpMeH (n03HaToM HapO'lHTO H3 "TIoCBeTe" TOPCKOZ 8ujellqa) H y YZlbeH Cy$HKC He Melba 3Ha'lelbe OCHOBHe MMeHHl.(e. MCTO Ba)KH H 3a 6yceH, CTHM WTO je TY H3Be,u,eHHl.(a nomYHo nOTHCHyna HeKa,D,aWlbe 6Yc. O,u, npH ,u,eBCKe OCHOBe je cUlpMen 'BpneT, CTPMHHa', )KeHCKora po,u,a, ycne,u, 'Iera ra :6a6Hn 1991:331 03Ha'iaBa Kao noce6aH Cy$HKC, -en 2. HapaBHo, HeMOTHBH caHe peqM Kao jaceH, zpe6eH,je.rteH H ,u,pyre, Koje je HaBo,u,HO MapeTHn, ,u,a Hac He CMaTPaMO H3Be,u,eHHQaMa.
1.48. -ETal (3a ema2 BH,lI,H 2.18) jecTe XHnOKOpHCTH'IHH Cy$HKC y MyWKHM HMeHHMa: BAaoeWa, MU/lema, Paoewa, EAaxewa, MUKema, By 'lewa, BYAewa, JIaKema. Eaj'lewa H cn. HeKa o,u, lbHX ,u,aHac cy nOCBe,u,O'le Ha npe CBera y npe3HMeHHMa.
1.42. -EH~a je nejopaTHBHH Cy$HKC MYWKor po,u,a, ca WafbHBHM npH 3BYKOM, y Cp6eHoa H y PeTKOM uouelloa H uaopeHoa. 1.43. ~Ep~a je aymeHTaTHBRo-nejopaTHBHH CY$HKC y pY'lepoa H (o,u, npH,u,eBcKe OCHOBe) y ZIlyiiepoa. Y npBoj peqH nanaTanH30BaHa OCHOBa je npeY3eTa H3 ,u,pyrnx ,u,epHBaTa (PY'lHU, pY'luqa, pY'leUlUHa): TO npenYTHO npH3Haje H :6a6Hn 1991 :332, nOWTO Cy$HKC ,u,aje y o6nHKY -epoa a He -jep oa (3a pa3nHKY o,u, pY'lypoa, Hoxypoa, r,u,e My je Cy$HKC -jypoa). 1.44. -EcHja, ca HHTeH3HBHHM 3HaqelbeM, ,u,ona3H caMO y cU/lecuja. Tpe6a npH3HaTH ,u,a 3a je3H'IKo ocenalbe MHorHX JLy,u,H TaKaB Cy$HKC no CTOjH H Y 6epecuja (Kao WTO nOTBpljyje ncey,u,ojeKaBH3aM 8jepecuja), HaKO cy rpaMaTM'IapH, o,u, MapeTHna Ha,D,afbe, yno30paBanH ,u,a 8epecuja HHje o,u, 80)epa Hero o,u, TYpCKor veresi. CKOK, no,u, clma, ,u,aje H HanOMeHY "ynop.
77
1.45. AyrMeHTaTHBHH Cy$HKC -ecKapa ,u,ona3H caMO y /byoecKapa H y peTKoM iiouecKapa. 1.46. -ECT HMaMO y 60Aecm (,u,aHac cna60 MOTHBHCaHa peq) H y opa xecm, r,u,e cnY:>KH 3a nOHMeHHqelbe npH,ll,eBCKe WIH rnaronCKe OCHOBe.
1.49. -ETHHa1, Cy$HKC KOjH HMaMO y peqHMa THna We.rtemUHa H ayr MeHTaTMBHH Cy$HKC y pe'lHMa Kao 6a6emUHa ,u,oca,u,aWlbH aYTopH cy o6pa ljHBaJJH 3aje,u,HH'IKH. MHcnHMo HnaK ,u,a HX Tpe6a Pa3,u,BOjHTH, jep ce pa3J1H Kyjy KaKO no 3Ha'ielbY TaKO H npoco,u,HjcKH: npBH je yseK HeHarJIaWeH (c KpaTKoy3J1a3HHM aKQeHTOM Ha CJIory Hcnpe,u, lbera), ,u,pym YBeK maCH -emUHa. 3a npBH, ca 3Ha'ielbeM Meca o,u,peljeHe :>KHBOTHlbe, MorynHo je ,u,a je Hajnpe Haeno o,u, HMeHHQa Ha -e -ema c ,u,o,u,aTKOM -UHa, KaO y me.rteWu Ha. jYHewUHa, jazroewuHa, upacemuna, UU/leWuna, IiYPeWuHa. 45 TIOTOM ce nOTnyno ocaMOCTaJJHO, na ce cnaja c HMeHHl.(aMa MYWKor po,u,a Kao y KO roewuHa, jap'1l!WUHa, 6pa8eWuHa, qaK H 80AewuHa (y PMC 6e3 UHTaTa), HJIH )KeHCKOr Kao y c8uroemuna, 08'leWUna, cpHeili:uHa, K03emUHa. TIpHMe pH 08'lemUna Hjap'lemuna nOKa3yjy ,u,a ce OCHOBe Ha -"I naJJaTanH3yjy. TIa JIaTaJJH3aUHjy -K HMaMO y Z)'ut'leWuHa H Ua'lemUHa (KOjH 6H no nOCTaHKY MornH 6HTH H o,u, zyut'le O,u,HOCHO iia'le, aJJH cy no 3HatfeH>Y CBaKaKO Be3aRH 3a zycKa O,ll,HOCHO uamKa). 4S npBOOHTHO -UHa ca OBHM lHa'ielbeM OCTaJlO je
O,ll npllAeBa THna 2Q8e~UHa, wetleliuna.
y ZQ8eOuHa,
Kao H
YH3se,qeHHl(aMa
78
Taop6a pe'1ll y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM jC31lKY
O.Lt rJIarOJICKe HJIH pe.LtYKOBaHe npH.LteBCKe OCROBe je XAaoeiUuHa •OXJIaljeH H 3ryCHyr COK 0.Lt Meca, HHxTHje'. TaKolje 0.Lt rnarOJICKe OCHOBe, C .LtPYK'IHjHM 3Ha'leH>eM, jecy U3zopeiUuHa (= H3rOpeJIHHa) 'OHO IllTO je H3ro \, peJIO; oneKOTHHa', 3azopeiUuHa (= 3arOpeJJHHa) 'MHPHC H yKyC 3arOpeJIor jeJJa' HJJH '3aropeJJO MeCTO'; CJIH'IHO TOMe H lIazopeiUulIa, upezopeiUUHa.
1.50. Ca -cTHlla 2 03HaqaBaMO aymeHTaTHBHH Cytj>HKC, Ha KOMe YBeK JIelKH HarJJaCaK. 3a H>eraje flecKHH 1914:274 npemOCTaBJbaO .Ltaje HaCTao y H3Be.LteHHUaMa 0.Lt HMeHHua Ha -'le, Kao uiUu'leiUuHa 0.Lt iiiUu'le, zyut'leiUUHa 0.Lt zyut'le, K)I'lemUHa 0.Lt K)I'le, Ma'leiUuHa 0.Lt Ma'le. TaKBa npeTnOCTaBKa He .LteJJyje yGe.ll:JbHBO, jep GH GHJJO qy.LtHO .Lta ce ayrMeHTaTHBH H3BO.Lte H3 .LteMH HyrHBa. ,l.l;aHac, y CBaKOM CJIytIajy, uiUu'leiUulla H zyut'leiUulla ocenaMO Kao H3Be.LteHe 0.Lt uiUulla O.LtHOCHO ZYCKa (.LtaKJJe CIIaJIaTaJIH3aUHjOM II O.LtHOCHO K), YMeCTO K)I'leWUHa peKJIH GHCMO K)I'lKeiUulla (O.LtHOCHO K)I'luutiUe, iicewuutiUe, uCUHa), a YMeCTO Ma'leiUuHa - Ma'lKeiUuHa, Ge3 IIaJIaTaJIH3aUHje. ITaJIaTaJIH 3auuja je HHa'le npHJJHqHO HecnuIHa KO.Lt OBor cyqllucca: y petIHHUHMa HaJIa 3HMO ciUoJlu'leiUuHa, eO)ewiUU'leWUHa, Maj'leWUlla, PY'leiUUlla, uta'leiUulla aJIH H utaKeiUuHa, KlbuxeiUuHa, HoxeiUuHa (0.Lt Hoza) aJIH H HozeiUuHa, Ma 3zeiUulIa H CJJ. 3a naJIaTaJIH3auHjy x je.LtHHH IIpHMep je M(j)euteiUuHa 0.Lt M(Uj)ex (MapeTHn 1963:323-324), .LtOK EaGHn (1991:243) TBP.LtH "OCHOBe Ha -x ocrajy Ge3 IIpoMjeHe", HaBO.LtenH IIpHMepe 6yxeiUuHa H MyxeiUuHa.
°
3HaqeH>Y H3Be.LteHHua ca OBHM Cytj>HKCOM, a noceGHo 0 H>HXOBOM PO.Lty H PO.Lty HMeHHua 0.Lt KOjHX ce H3BO.Lte, HcupnHO cy nHCaJIH Pa.LtYJJOBHh 1957, lJaMIIap 1983 H KHpmoBa 1988. Ma.u,a GeJIeJKe H TaKBe npHMepe Kao o(j)eoeiUuHa (M.), eY'leiUUHa (M.), 'loeO)e'leiUulla ()I(. HJIH M.), lie6eiUuHa ()I(.) H CJIHtIHO, IhHXOB 3aKJbytIaKje .Ltaje BeJIHKa BenHHa OBHX ayrMeHTaTH Ba )l(eHCKOr pO.Lta, .Lta cy HajtIemne H3Be.LteHH 0.Lt HMeHHua )l(eHCKOr pO.Lta, H .Lta ce "ocena TeH.LteHuuja lbHXOBor H3je.LtHa'laBalba y IIOme.Lty rpaMaTHqKOr P0.Lta" (lJaMnap, clp. 294). Mory 03HatIaBaTH KaKO )l(HBa GHna (xeHeiUulla, 6a6eiUulla, K)lpeeiUuHa, lIypeiUulIa, 6yoa.tleiUulla, KpaeeiUuHa, Ma'lKeiUuHa, pu6eiUuHa, 6y6eiUuHa, MyeeiUuHa HT.Lt.) TaKO H IIpe.LtMeTe (ca6IbeiUuHa, IIU UeJleiUUHa, uty6apeiUuHa, KopueiUuHa, KpUeiUUHa, co6eiUuHa, ¢JlauteiUuua, paKUjewuHa, xapwujewuua HT.Lt., HT.Lt.). 3aBHcHo 0.Lt 3Ha'leaa MOTHBHe HMeHHue H 0.Lt KOHTeKCTa, KO.Lt CBHX MO)l(e GHTH Malbe HJIH BHme H3pa)l(eHO, IIOpe.Lt ayrMeHTaTHBHOr, H nejopa THBHO 3HatIelbe. ITpHKYIIJbajynH npHMepe H3 xepuerOBaqKHX rOBopa, Pa.u,y JJOBHn je (HaB• .Lt.) yrBP.LtHO.Lta je Ta nejopaTHBHOCT 3HaTHO qemna y ceocKoj Hero y rpa.LtCKOj Cpe.LtHHH. ITo H>erOBHM petIHMa, "albUUeiUUHa ... 3Ha'lH ca MO: nO.LtepaHa, H3HomeHa, HCKpnJbeHa XaJbHHa", ,,3eM1beiUuua ... 3HatIH: CJJaGa 3eMJba, 3eMJba JJomer KBaJIHTeTa", "xeHeiUuHa •.. 3HaqH: GOJIeCHa
CyqlllKcaUHja
79
)l(eHa", Gap y KOHTeKCTY Y KOMe je HaljeHa: ",l.(a npOCTHTe, )l(eHeTHHa MH je Y KYnH H CJJaGo BHlja CyHUa H Mjeceua". MO)l(eMO ce OB.Lte CeTHTH H 110nH neBor jYHaKa HUKOJleiUulle Eypcaha, r.Lte ayrMeHTaTHBHH Cytj>HKC, npemo CTaBJbaMO, lpe6a.Lta 03HatIH KpynHor H CHa)l(HOr MOMKa H r.Lte H3 ayrMeHT~ THBa He IIpOHCTHqe nejopaTHBHa, Hero maJbHBa, na H XHnOKOpHCTH'IHa ceo MaHTHtIKa HHjaHca.
°
1.51. Cytj>HKCy -em rOBOpH je.LtHHO CTeBaHoBHh (1964 1:562), HaBO .LtenH HeKOJJHKO cJlaGo n03HaTHX JlHqHHX H reorpatj>cKHX HMeHa, Kao H 3a je.LtHHqKe HMeHHue 6ylbeut (BpcTa pHGe), JleMeut, iietleut (nep'lHH). 3a no CJle.Lt1be .LtBe npH3Haje .Lta cy HeMOTHBHcaHe, .LtOK 3a npBy, HacynpoT ,l.(aHH tIHby KOjH je CMalpao .Lta je "TaMHa nOCTaH>a", Bepyje .Lta .LtOJJa3H 0.Lt npH.Lte Ba 6ylbae (y tIeMY ra nO,!W)I(aBa CKOK, s. V. 6ax). Cytj>HKC je y CBaKOM CJIy tIajy cJla60 3aCyYIIJbeH H HeMa HHKaKBor O.LtpeljeHor 3HaqeH>a, aJIH 6H ce CTeBaHoBHneBHM npHMepHMa MOrJIO .LtO.LtaTH HeKOJIHKO .LtPYrHX, jacHHje MOTHBHCaHHX: 6puzeut ("OGHqHO y H3pa3HMa: lIU 6puzeuta; 6es 6puzeuta", PMC), 3pHeut (6HJbKa), opMeut (TaKolje opMex: BpCTa IIJleCa, no CBOj npH JIHQH 0.Lt marOJIa opMaiUu). )KeHcKor po.Lta je ZOJleut rOJIeT), O.LtaKJIe CBa KaKO H HMe IIIIaHHHe FOJleut. 1.52. -Ema (MYillKor, pelje )l(eHCKOr pO.Lta) .LtOJIa3H caMO y .LtBe-TpH cJIa60 tj>peKBeHTHe HMeHHue Kao zalieuta (' ranaCT ronyG HJIH neTao', TaKO lje 'oHaj KOjH HOCH .ll:Yfa'lKe rane', O.LtaKJJe H npe3HMe Falieuta), liopeuta 'nOpaBaQ' (y PMC Cje.LtHHM UHTaTOM H3 AHre KOBa'lHna), pu~euta 'pHlja K03a' (y PMC npeHeTO H3 petIHHKa I1BeKoBHha-Epo3a, 6e3 UHTaTa). CTeBa HOBHh (1964 1:564) Kao "Ha3HBe K03a ca KaKBOM CnOJbHOM OCOGHHOM Koja ce 03HatIaBa OCHOBHHM npH.LteBOM" HaBO.LtH H 6plbeuta, 6a1beuta, epaHeuta, aJIH Te petIH HHCy nOTBpljeHe y PMC HH Y peqHHKY CARY. Kao OHOMa CTHtIKH Cytj>HKC MymKor po.Lta -euta ce jaBJba y Y2Ibeuta (npeMa MHJIHQH fPKOBHh "HajBepoBaTHHje je .Lta je HaCTa1IO 0.Lt HMeHHue yrJbeH y 3HatIelbY UpH, TaMaH, MpK Kao 3amTHTHO HMe") H y jom nOHeKOM HMeHY Kao Mawe uta, Fpy6euta (IIOpe.Lt Fpy6uuta).
1.53. Cytj>HKC -8BO, .LtaHac Henpo.LtYK"rHBaH, catIyaaH je y penaTHBHo Ma1IOM Gpojy HMeHHua cTapHjer nOCTalha. (,,Ja 3HaM CBera tIeTp.LteCeTaK HMeHHD;a Ha -ueo", nHcao je IIIHnKa 1962, "O.Lt KOjHX CaMO 3a .LtBa.u.eceT meCT HMaM nOTBp.Lte y pjetIHHD;HMa H )l(HBOM rOBOpy." ITaJIaTaJIH3aD;Hjy Ha Jla3HMO caMO y petIH c(j)e'lueo, .LtOK y iiellueo H iUellueo (' CTHD;aae, TetIelbe HMOBHHe' HJlH 'CTetIeHa HMOBHHa, Te'leSHHa') HMaMO cHGHJlapH3aD;Hjy: OBO -11-, no CTeBaHoBHoy 1964 1:477-478, MO)l(Jl:a GH ce Momo TYMaqHTH H3BO
81
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je:3HKY
CY
ljelbeM H3 OCHOBe HMnepaTHBa. Y jeciIiu60 (nope~ peTKor jeoU(0) 3a OCHO By je Y3eT J.{eo HHqmHHTHB. Y .I'rIJlU60 (nope~ MelbU(0) OCHOBa je HH!pHIUl THBHa, anH 6e3 BOKana; CJIHqHO H Y WKU60, ~OK ce y UU60 H WWU60' BOKan OCHOBe CaJKeo C BOKanOM cyqlHKca. Marraje y peqH UU60 .I10llIJIO ~O crrell,H
Ma'lH ~a je ,,'1 H3 npHpjeBa... COIIOa'lKU", a OBO 6H 6HJlO o~ cOlloaK, lllTO je HaCTaJIO o~ cOlloaw HSMeHOM SaBpllleTKa npeMa 6ojaK.
80
ITo 3Ha'ielbY, liIHnKa HMeHHJ.{e Ha -U60 ~eJIH Ha neT rpyna (cpe~CTBO, MaTepHjan, pe3YJITaT pa~lbe, npe~MeT parrlbe, H3Y3eTHO H MeCTO BpllIelba parrlbe), anH ce OHe He ~ajy jacHo palrpaHHqHTH. OCHOBHHM 6H ce CBaKaKO MOrJIO cMaTpaTH 3Haqelbe rpalje, MaTepHje, MaTepHjana, Kao y zpaou60, zo PU60, 1jy6pueo, zuoju60, Mfl3U60 H CJI. TIPH TOM noje~HHe peqH MOry 03Ha 'IaBaTH MaTepHjaJI KaKO npe TaKO H nOCJIe ynoTpe6e (ilIleWU60 'OHO llITO ce nJIeTe HJIH llITO je [H]cnJIeTeHO', .I'rIJlU60 'OHO llITO Tpe6a CaMJIeTH, )KHTO 3a MJIeBelbe' aJIH H 'OHO llITO je CaMJIeBeHO, 6pallIHO', WKU60 'OHO llITO ce TKa', o~aKJIe H 3Ha'lelbe 'TKaHHHa' H ~aHac HajqellIlie 6HOJIOllIKO 3Haqelbe, 'cKyn lieJIHja'). 113 3Ha'lefba MaTepHjana npHpO~HO npmf3JIalH 3Ha'lefbe npe~MeTa pa,nlbe (iipeOU60 'OHO llITO je ynpe~eHO, npelja', WWU60 ' OHO llITO ce 'IHTa'), Kao H 3Haqelbe npOH3Bo~a MH pe3YJITaTa parrlbe (6apu60, iietlU60, 6epU60 'OHO llITO ce y6epe', Tj. 'nJIaTa, npHMalba'). 3Haqefbe cpe~ CTBa y Y)KeM CMHCJIY (He Kao MaTepHje H a K 0 j 0 j ce PMH, Hero opylja K 0 j H M ce pa,nH) HMaMO je~HHo y c(j)e'lU60 H y ~aHac PeTKOM Kpecu60 'KOMa~ qeJIHKa KOjHM ce KpellIe, OffiHJIO'.
1.54. CY
ITanaTaJIHsaJ.{Hja ce jaBJLa caMO HsyseTHo y nOHeKoj pe'lH Kao xajoy '1uja H iiawpujapwuja. 3a cOlloa'luja 'BojHa cJly)K6a' CKOK (s. v. callao) Ty
1.54.1. Ys HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe Cy
1996) HMajy peqH Kao /4uzauuja '[(HraHH', /4uuijapuja
46 Kp3//apuja, npeMa PMC, MOllCe 6HTH H 36HpHa HMeHHu;a ca 3Ha'ielbeM 'Kp3HeHH IIpe.u.Mem', a TO IIOrorOIlY BaJKH 33 JQJyre H3Be,!{eHHLle Kao JlUMaPUjU, yxupuju, ciUUKllUPU jo, anH IbHX J!,ajeMo noJ!, CY
82
TBop6a PC'!H Y CaBpCMeHOM CPIlCKOM je31lKY
Bpno pa:mOBpCHa 3HatIeiba oBaj CyqlHKC ,lt06Hja y po6uja, C/lo6oouja ('.cn060,lta, Cn060,ltaH JKHBOT' HnH 'Cn060,ltHa 3eMJLa'), Mtljcfiiopuja, iipo cfiiop,uja, epaZO/luja (ca CKpaneHOM OCHOBOM petIH epaZO/laH), epafiiO/lOMU ja, /lJlwpuja//beKapuja ('neKapCTBO', anH TaKolje, 06HtIHO y MHOJKHHH, ca 3HatIelbeM 'ifJapMaueYTCKH MaTepHjan, neKoBH', r,lte 6H CyifJHKC Morao 6HTH H -apuja), eucuja, HU3uja H jom nOHeKHMa. Kao MOUHOHH ce jaBJLa y UCYMaHuja H cY/lfiialtuja, a HapOtIHTO y JKeH CKHM HMeHHMa Kao llefiipuja, 'Byp~uja, 06peHuja, HUKO/luja, AH~e/luja (BepoBaTHo O,lt ,ltaHac peTKHX HMeHa Ali~e/l HJJH AH~e/luje: 06a cy 3a6eJJe JKeHa KO,lt MHnHue fpKOBHh) H CJJ.
1.54.2. O,lt npH,lteBCKHx OCHOBa cy MOJK,!ta caMO iipoK/lefiiuja CMpcKa oc06a; MpCKH, 3JJH JLY,ltH', jom ,ltBa 3HatIeH.a y PMC) H iiozaHuja ('3JJH JLY ,ltH, JLy,ltCKH oJJom', 'ra.ztHe, O,ltBpaTHe JKHBOTHH.e' HnH 'He'lHCTOha, ra,lt'). 1.54.3. O,lt rJJaroJJCKe OCHOBe cy iio2U6uja, upoeaJluja, Y MymKoM pO ,lty cyouja, C HeraUHjoM Heoo~uja, a TY MOJKeMO ,ltO,ltaTH H 6yzapuja (BpCTa TaM6ype, HnH JKanOCTHBa neCMa) O,lt marona 6yzapufiiu, Ma,lta je oBaj ca cBoje cTpaHe ,lteHOMHHanaH. Mopuja 'Kyra, nOMOp, enH.lteMHja' HajBepo BaTHHje je O,lt HCT03Ha'iHOr HTanHjaHcKor moria, anH ce ,ltaHac ocena Kao H3Be,lteHHua O,lt Mopufiiu (B. CKOKa no,lt Mopfiiopu;J. CJJOJKeHH CyifJHKCH:
1.54.4. -AAHja l je 36HpHH CyifJHKC ca maJLHBHM HJJH 6JJaro nejopa THBHHM npH3ByKOM: B. PHcTHn C. 1996:86, 88, 89. HacTao je BepoBaTHo O,lt -ao + -uja; H Haj'lemne yna3H y HMeHHue Koje HMajy H 06nHK Ha -ao (uU/la
ouja, xope6aouja, 3e(j)epaouja, uaUlllaouja, oep/laouja, MOMIlaouja H cn.). O,lt npH.lteBCKe OCHOBe cy MYUlKaouja, xeHcKaouja, 6aJlaeaouja HT,lt. OMHJLeHH y XIX BeKY 6HJJH cy 36HPHH eTHOHHMH THna Typaouja, HeMIla ouja (lbeM-), Fpllaouja, B/laUlMaouja. Ee3 nejopaTHBHOcTHje Cp6aouja, a u(j)ewaouja je ,ltaHaC TeXHHLJKH TepMHH 6e3 HKaKBe CTHJJCKe 06eJJeJKeHO CTH. HeH3BecHo je ,lta JJH ce OBaMO MOJKe CBpCTaTH H lIJYMaouja, je,ltHHa petI Koja y OCHOBH HMa HMeHHUY HeJKHBOr 3Ha'lelba. CnyqajHY nO,lty,ltapHOCT C npeTXO,ltHHM HMa MOUHOHH CyifJHKC -a,ltH jal , 3acrynJLeH caMO y peLJH uouaouja, O,lt rp. papadia.
1.54.5. -AHHja. MapeTHh (1963:311) je 3Hao caMO TpH npHMepa, "Be 3llHHja, neTJLimHja, nHcaHHja, Koje 3Ha'le HCTO, mTO H HMeHHue Ha -albe O,lt HCTHjex rJJarona". Y CTBapH, Be3a ca -albe O,ltHOCHO upKBeHOCJIOBeHCKHM -aHuje o'lyBana ce caMO y pe'lH iiucaHuja = uucaHuje (PMC ,ltaje 06e no,lt HCTOM O,ltpe,ltHHuoM). lleiillbaHuja ('Iemhe ueiillbaHlluja HnH ueiillbapuja) CTHJICKHje 06eJJeJKeHO, Kao H 6(j)exa1/uja ('6eJKaILe' HJJH 'H36ernHmTBO') H MO)eUlaHuja 'MemaBHHa'. 3a HCTOPHjy KILHJKeBHOCTH 3Ha'lajHH cy H3pa 3H u(j)eeaHuja (Ha3HB 3MajeBHx 36HpKH necaMa; no PMC MOJKe 3Ha'lHTH H
Cy$nCaL\Hja
83
'neBaILe') H KO'lHneBa cyoalluja (PMC: 'CIICTeM cyljeH.a, ,lteJLeILa npaB ,lte'). XeafiiQltuja, ca 3HatIeH.eM npllHy,ltHOr perpYToBaILa, npeHeTa je y PMC H3 BYKoBor PjetIHHKa, 6e3 UMTaTa.
1.54.6. -Apoja (BH,.ll,H PHCTHll C. 1996:88-91) ./.IOJJa3H Ha HMeHH'lKe H maroJJCKe OCHOBe, HeliTO pelje Ha UpHJ.IeBcKe, a H3y3eTHO H Ha 3aMeHH'IKe. fOTOBO YBeK HMa aifJeKTHBaH npH3B)'K, KOjH MOJKe Hnll o./.l6naro maJLHBOr./.lO BynrapHor. JlaKo HHnO./.lalUTaBajyhe 3Ha'lelbe HMajy HMeHHu.e Koje 3Ha'le no crynaK, ,lteJJO HJJH npoH3BO./.l Pa./.lH>e, KaO Hoeomapuja (o./.l3aCTapeJJor HoeOma), 0./.1 npH)l.eBCKe OCHOBe o(j)efiiulbapuja H fiipuIlapuja « fiipullae), O,lt marOJJCKe J.taUliilapuja, calbapuja (Koje 6H Morne 6HTH H O,ltMaUliiiap, calbap), uzpapuja, /lac.apuja, ueiillbapuja, 6p61bapuja, Up'lKapuja HT./.I. Ja'la je nejopaTHBHOCT y Kojewfiiapuja (0./.1 3aMeHHtIKe OCHOBe), a nOroTOBy y c6Ulbapuja, 6/le32Clpuja (6/be-), y BYJJrapH3MHMa Z08Hapuja, UU30apuja HT./.I. O./.l3aMeHHLJKe OCHOBe je H HUUliilapuja, je,ll,HHa pe'l Koja 3Ha'lll oc06y (noje,ll,HHua). KOneKTHBHO 3Ha'leILe MOJKe ce O./.lHOCHTH Ha JLY./.le, Kao y ciiiy(JeHiiia puja, MQllzyuapuja, XYHllyiiiapuja, 0./.1 npHJ.IeBa M/la~apuja HT./.I.; jom 'Iemne ce O./.lHOCH Ha CTBapH, Kao zeox~apuja, xelle3apuja (xetbe-), /lUMapuja, ciiiaKlzapuja, 0./.1 npH)l.eBCKe OCHOBe iJpeeHapuja, cufiiliapuja HT./.I. 3HatIeILe npocTopHje, pa.ztHOHHUe HJJH np0./.laBHHue HMajy HeKOJJHKO HMeHHu.a KaO iilp ue3apuja, 6UHapuja, wfiiaMuapuja; TaKO H HeoJJOrH3aM iiuiiiapuja 'npO./.laB HHua nHTa', CKOBaH no yrJJe./.IY Ha HTaJIHjaHcKo uUllepuja (B. )lfumh 1985). TIOCTOjaa,e HMeHHue (nomen agentis) Ha -(ip He Mopa )'BeK 3Ha'lHTH,lta je CyifJHKC -uja (yn. Ea60n 1991 :206). .[{aHamH.a iiipUe3apuja, peUHMo, HMa iiipue3y anH He H iilpue3apa, UliiiaMuapuja ce Be3yje 3a nojaM UliiiaMiie npe Hero 3a UliilaMuapa, C6Ulbapujy BHme He CXBaTBMO Kao nocrynaK ceulbapa Hero Kao ceulbcKu nocrynaK (./.IeJJO 'IOBeKa KOjH 3aCnyJKyje norp./.lHH Ha3HB ceulba). C ,ltpyre ClpaHe, pe36apujy 6HCMO aHanH3HpanH Kao pe36ap + -uja (HMeHHua pe36a je 3aCTBpena), a TaKO H cii./leiilKapujy 0./.1 cii.JleiiiKap + -uja.
1.54.7. -Ypuja ce jaBJLa caMO y HeKOJJHKO pe'lH, aJIH ce YKJIalla Meljy OCTane 36HpHo-aifJeKTHBHe cyifJHKce Ha -uja (B. PHCTHn C. 1996:86). 0./.1 HMeHHtIKHX OCHOBa cy lIJea6ypuja ("nej. IIIBa6e", PMC), zaoypuja (= [JK]ra.ztHja, ra,ltOBH, jom ./.IBa 3Ha'leH.a y peLJHHKY CAHy), K/lUHIlypuja (PH CTHh, Y nOMeHYToM pa.zty), zeox~ypuja; 0./.1 npHJ.IeBa je cufiiHypuja. CMejy puja (CMU-) 6Hne ./.Ia je 0./.1 marOJla, jep 0./.1 HMeHHue 6HCMO OtIeKHBaJIH
*CM(j)exypuja. 1.54.8. -Ypnuja, ca 36HpHHM H aifJeKTHBHHM 3HaLJeH>eM, ./.IOJJa30 y pe qH o(j)ellyp/luja (y3 npoMeHY II > Il). TOMe CBaKaKO MOJKeMO ./.IO./.laTH H iia Ilyp/luja, aHanomKY KpeaUHjy J. JOBaHOBHna 3Maja, y tI)'BeHoj neCM" "TIa 'IHja mKOJJa" ("HHlUTa BHme He HaYLJH / TIatIypnHja Ta••. ") - HaKO je OBa
\,
84
TlIop6a PCqH
Cy$I1KcaLlHja
YCanpCMCIIOM epnCKOM je:II1KY
.n.pyra pe'l, npeMa OPCl, 3aca.n. pernc-rpOBaHa je.n.HHO y cpnC({O-eHrJIeCKOM pe'IHHKy MopTOHa EeHcoHa.
1.54.9. 3a Cy(jlHKC -OJIHja CKOK Ka)Ke .n.a je "ancTpaxHpaH" H3 baeo /luja (0.11. ba6o/l- + -uja), na npeHeT y epazo/luja, a nOTOM H y 'lapo/luja 0.11. rJ1arOJ1a 'IapaiUu. PMC 6eJ1e)Kll H OPlloo/luja '.n.paHrynHja, CHTHYPHja', ca .n.Ba UHTaTa. 1.55. -HjaH ce jaBllia caMO Y -rpH H3Be.n.eHHue 0.11. npH.lJ.eBa: zpy6ujall (0.11. HeMaqKOr Grobian, UITO je no CKOKY n03ajMllieHo jom KpajeM XV Be Ka) H y 3HaTHO peljHMa oo6pujau '.n.06pHqHHa' H Myopujau 'My.n.pHjam'. 1.56. -Hjel , cpe.n.H>er po.n.a, jecTe upKBeHOCJIOBeHCKH eKBHBaneHT Ha mer cyqlHKca -Je (O.n.HOCHO -Jbe, -Ibe, -lie, -Ije y cnyqajeBHMa jOTOBaH>a). 0.11. .n.oca.n.amH>HX aYTOpa nOMHH>e ra caMO CTeBaHOBHli 1964 1:494, HaBo.n.el'm neT npHMepa 60euuje, 3UaMeuuje, o6peUieuuje, upe06paxeltuje, ciiace uuje. npHMepH HHCy cpenHo o.n.a6paHlf, jep y KfLH)KeBHOM je3HKY HMa .11.0 CTa Ba)KHHjHx .H n03HaTl:ljHx peqH C OBHM CyqJHKCOM. 06HqHO cy CTHJ1CKH 06eJIe)KeHe, Kao 6/lQZoywp06uje, uyiUeweciUeuje, upuKfbY'leuuje (HajqeIllne y nJIypany, Kao any3Hja Ha HaCJIOB ,1J;ocHTejeBor .n.eJ1a), yXlbe6uje, MO/leU ciUeuje,jeKiUeuuje, 36uiUuje, xuiUuje, anH nOHeKa.n. H 6e3 apXaHqHOr npH 3BYKa, Kao y pe'lH uapaeoY'leuuje. 3a pa3J1HKy 0.11. CTeBaHOBHneBHX npHMe pa, KOjH cy caMO cTapHja BapHjaHTa .n.aHamH>HX rJ1arOJ1CKHX HMeHHua Ha -Fbe, OB.n.e HaBe.n.eHe pelJH no npaBMJ1y HeMajy Kpaliy BapHjaHTY (OCHM YXlbe6uje, r.n.e nocTOjH H 06nHK yXJ/e6Jbe/yx.tbe6Jbe).47
1.57. -Hjel je OHOMaCTHlJKH Cyq,HKC MYIllKor po.n.a, y HMeHHMa Kao AuiUouuje, MeKcuje, Feopzuje (H "Bopljuje, nope.n. o.n.oMaoeHHjer "Boplje), 3axapuje, F/luzopuje, MeiUoouje, Apcelluje H cn. nOpeKJ10M je 0.11. rplJKor -ios HJIH jom 'IeIllne 0.11. naTHHCKor -ius, TaKO .n.a ra cpelieMo y MHor06poj HHM a.n.anTHpaHHM naTHHCKHM HMeHHMa Kao Jy/luje, Tu6epuje, JIueuje, BepzU/luje, KIlayouje H CJ1., na H y aneJ1aTHBHMa zeuuj(e) H uaiUpulluj(e). Ty ce, MeljYTHM, Mopa nOCMaTpaTH Kao 3aBpIlleTaK a He Kao Cyq,HKC, 6y.n.y OH .n.a OBa HMeHa HHCY MOTHBHCaHa, 3a pa3J1HKy 0.11. rope Ha6pojaHHx, r.n.e H caMa OCHOBa IIOCTOjU Kao MyIllKO HMe (AuiUou, MeKca HT.n..). 1.58. ilKl (3a -UK2 BH.n.H 2.26) .n.aHac ce HajBHll1e jaBllia Kao .n.eo CJ10 iKeHHX cyq,HKca, Koje 06paljyjeMo HH)Ke (1.58.2 H .n.aJDe). Pa3rpaHHqefLe 0.11. 47 )f(uiii.uje IIHje 113y.3eTaK,jep ce ym)'rpe6.IDaBa Kao KlI>lIlKeBHH TepMHH ea 3Ha'lell>eM
epe.llIl>OBCKOBHC 6Horpa$Hje, TaKO .lla HHjc eHIIOHIIMIIO ea :J/Cune.
\
I'
85
-UUK Je HapOqHTO np06J1eMaTH'{H0, 0 qeMY rOBOpHMO onwHpHHje no.n. 1.93-1.93.2, OCHOBHa TeIllKolia je y TOMe IllTO je BpJ10 ManH 6poj pelJH ca 3aBpIlleTKOM -UK KOMe He npeTXo.n.H u. Ca HMeHHlJlOiM OCHOBaMa TaKBe cy caMO peqH Koje 3HalJe WyMHUY HJ1H Haca.n. .n.pBena, Kao y xpaciUuK, 6yK6UK, 60PUK, jaCe1lUK, ja6/laUUK, /lUiiUK, ttePUK, 6p6uK, 6Pe3UK, iUOUO/lUK, j06UK (TaKolje jOWUK o.n.joxa, IllTO je je.n.HHH npHMep nan3TanH3aUHje ca OBHM cy q,HKCOM) HT.n., Pel)e je y OCHOBH HMe BoliKe, Kao y KpyWUK (ca CKpaoeHOM OCHOBOM), WpeWlfJUK, 6UWlfJUK, 6peCK6UK HT.n.. OCHOBa MO)Ke 6HTH H yon IllTeHH 6HlliHH Ha3HB, Kao y ZPMUK, iUpciUuK, WeeQPUK, WU6JbUK, CWPlfJUK. Y HeKHM CJ1yqajeBHMa Cyq,HKC ce .n.o.n.aje Ha 06J1KK npHcBojHor npH.n.eBa, anH TaKBe pelJH (Hnp. 6peciUo6UK) TpeTHpaMO Kao npHMepe noce6Hor cy q,HKca -oeUK. C .n.PYKlJHjHM 3HaqeH>eM je je.n.Ha je,!{HHa pelJ, 6UOUK, r.n.e 6H OCHOBa Morna 6HTH HMeHHqKa HnH rnaronCKa. C npH.n.eBCKHM OCHOBaMa cHryaUHja je CJ1H'lHa, Ma.n.a CTeBaHoBHn
1964':507 Ka)Ke .n.a je "He ManH 6poj" peqH H3Be.n.eH "HaCTaBKOM UK o.n. npH.lJ.eBa yonIllTe", npHMepH Koje 3aTHM HaBo.n.H (6eopUK, eeCe/1UK, japuK, MpweUK, WOiillUK, y3 HeKe Ha -06UK HJ1H -eeUK) CBe.n.OlJe .n.a o.n. npH.lJ.eBCIOiX OCHOBa Koje ce HE 3aBpIllaBajy Ha -It HHje H3Be.n.eHa HHje.n.Ha 06HlJHHja HH n03HaTHja pelJ,48 C .n.pyre cTpaHe, Ha -UUK Hana3HMO caMO .n.Ba npHMepa o.n. npH.lJ.eBCKHX OCHOBa Koje ce HE 3aBpIllaBajy Ha -11: Op3UUK H upoKlleiUuuK. To je npeManH 6poj npHMepa .n.a 6H O.lJ.JlYlJHO Y KOPHCT 6Hno je.n.Hor 61fJl0 .n.pyror cyq,HKca. MO)KeMO 3aKlliyqHTH .n.a je on03HUHja H3Mel)y -UK H -UUK HeYTPpanHcaHa npaKTHlJHO y CBHM H3Be.n.eHHuaMa 0.11. npH.n.eBa, Kao H y OHHMa o.n. HMeHHqKHX OCHOBa Ha -H, THna 360HUK (0 qeMY BH.lJ.H 1.93, 1.93.4). AKO H3Be.n.eHHue o.n. npH.n.eBa onHcyjeMo H3 OBOM Mecry, TO je 360r H3BecHe Mane npe.n.HOCTH KOjy HMa -UK Kao je.n.HOCTaBHHje H eKOHoMH'IHHje peIlleH>e. UpH TOM ce HH CBpCTaBafLe no.n. -IIUK He 6H MOrJ10 CMaTpaTH no rpeWHHM, caMO 1lIT0 6H no.n.pa3YMeBano CJ1HBaH>e .n.Ba Ii y je.n.HO (Hnp. oYXU-UUK> 0YXUUK). Jby.n.CKa 6Hlia 03HaqaBajy cpe1iuuK (cpeiUUUK), jaOIlUK, 6(uj)eOIlUK, O'lajuuK, zpewuuK, 6/lYOHUK, Ue60JbIlUK, YZlleOUUK, M01iUUK, CWlHUK, uacU/l UUK, 3/l06HUK, iiaKOCUUK, pa3epaiUUUK, iipaeeOHUK, YZOOUUK, 6yuwoelluK, UOCJIYWUUK, paCUUUUK H CJ1., C MaH>e Hnll BHwe 3.peKTHBHHM npH3ByKOM, anH H HMeHHue Koje 03Ha'laBajy KOHKpeTHa lliy.nCKa CTafLa, o.n.Hoce, KBanH q,HKaUHje, Kao CpOOUUK, 60/leCUUK, CM.pWUUK, iiOKOjUUK, Ca6pe.MeUUK, oy XUUK, upoiUueUUK, iipU6QiUUUK, pa3peOUUK (= pa3peOUU CTapeWHHa), 3ea UU'lUUK, ceewweUUK, 0YX06UUK, eO/lWe6I1UK, 060jHUK, UOMoliuUK, 066e3I1UK 486a6HIi 1991:212, UlTallHUlC, TBP.llH.Aa ee "Cy$HKCON -iiK ... HMeHHue nope caMO O.ll npH.l\iella KOjHM OCIIOBa 3a8pUl3n Ha -11", O.ll OBne nOMeHyntx npHMepa 011 6e.nelKH caMO iliOWlUK, H TO C .llPYKqHjOM .Ae$HHHLlHjOM ucro KO.A CTeBaHOBHl\a.
86
TBOp63 PC'lH Y C3BpCMeHOM Cp£JCKOM jC311KY
Cyq-;caUHja
(BepOBaTHO XpBaTCKOr nopeKJla, HHa4e 6HCMO 04eKHBaJIH *o6aee3HuKj, Ha jaMHUK H CJIH'IHO. )J,OCTa HX je C npecj>HKCHMa I/e- H 6e3-, HlIp. HecpenllUK (-iIiHUK), He3axeatlHUK, He3aooeOlbUUK, HeupaeeOHUK, 6e3YMHUK, 6e36o XHUK, 6e306jJ..a3HUK, 6eciIiuOHUK, 6eCMpiIiuuK, 6eCK)1liuuK HTJJ:. IIOHeKH cy OJJ: CJIOiKeHHX npHJJ:eBa: Matl0YMIlUK, MatlOlleiIiHUK (-IbeiIiHUK), 60Z0YZOOHUK, 60Z0XYIlHUK, 31l0CllyiIiHUK, 31l0HClMO)epHUK, MUIlOCp01IUK, iipaeoe(j)eplIUK, e(j)epOIlOMHUK, YMo6oIlHUK, 3HaiIiuXeJbHUK HT,A.
Blba ce lIpaKTH'IHO CaMO y KOfballUK, Koii.lbaHuK H OpelbaHuK. TOMe 6H ce MOiK,Aa Morno JJ:o,n;aTH H U031/aHUK (c 063HpOM Ha Heyo6H'IajeHocT TpIlHor npH,AeBa u03Han y HaUle BpeMe), a CanTepHa~HjoM KI'I. OJJ:HOCHO W'I 6poj'la HUK, HOe'l.aHUK, 3yii'l.aHuK H Cp'laHUK (6HlbKa, joUl HeKOJIHKO ,n;pyrHx 3Ha'le aa y PMC), 6y,n;ynH ,n;a ce MOTHBHUlY HMeHHl.{aMa 6pojKa, HOea/l, 3y6a/l O,n;H. CPl1e, npe Hero npH.ll:eBHMa. llepjaHuK MOiK,Aa He cna.na OBaMO, jep ce no 3Ha'lelLY Be3yje 3a iiepjaHU/la rrpe Hero 3a uepje (YlI. 1.93.4). YlballuK 'MecTO r,n;e CToje KowHHl.{e, lI4eJIHlbaK', o,n; HCTor KopeHa Kao YllutuiIie, JJ:a Hac je HeMOTHBHcaHO.
PeJIaTHBHO je MaJlO Ha3HBa 3a npe,AMeTe: 31laiIiuUK 3JlaiIiaH HOBa~), cpe6pHUK, Haozpo6HUK (= Haozpo6HU cnOMeHHK), cYII'IallUK (CYH'IaHU caT), OHeeHUK, yuopeoHUK (reorpaiPcKH TepMHH), CiIiaKlleltUK (B. L58.3), uUJeW'IaHUK (neW'IaHH caT, HnH BpCTa KaMeHa), noce6HO 3a reoMeTpHjcKe iPHrype Kao 'I.eiIisopoyzaoHuK, ueiIioyzaouuK HT,A., Haj3a,A H 3a ny6nHKa~Hje Kao iipUPY'lHUK, 3a6aSHuK, HeoUJelbHuK, M(j)eCe'lllUK, OSOM(;)eCe'lIWK, iIipOMUJeCe'lHUK HT,A. Ilpa3lluK je ,AaHac H3ry6HJIO MOTHBa~Hjy, nOWTO My OCHOBHO 3Ha'lelhe BHwe HHje 'npa3HH (Tj. Hepa.nHH) ,AaH' Hero 'CBe'laHH ,AaH'. 3a CIlaHUK HeMaMO ,Apyre MOryl'iHOCTH Hero ,Aa ra H3BO,AHMO H3 lIPH ,AeBa CIlaH, Ma.na ce He MOiKe ,AeiPHHHcaTH HIM npH,AeBOM Ben caMO HMeHH ~OM co. Ihpa3e Kao 3SY'lUUK HJIH oiIiiiOPHUK Y3aJ1Y,A 6HCMO nOKywaBaJlH ,Aa MOTHBHWeMO npH,AeBHMa 3By'laH O,AHOCHO OiIiiiopaH: npaBa JJ:eqlHHH~Hja je 'ypeijaj KOjH npeTBapa eneKTpH'IHe HMnyJICe y 3eYK' O,n;HOCHO 'ypeljaj 3a nOBenalhe oiIiiiopa y CrpyjHOM KOJIY' (B. KO,A AHHna 1998), WTO 3Ha'iH ,n;a HM je OCHOBa HMeHH'IKa, a CYiPHKC -HUK.
1.58.1. IIoce6Ha H BPJIO BeJIHKa rpyna pe'lH Ha -UK H3Be,n;eHa je H3 rnarOJICKOr rpnHor npH,AeBa Ha -11. fOTOBO CBe 03Ha'laBajy lby,n;CKa 6Hna. Malhe HX je o,n; napTH~Hna Ha -a1/ (U3a6paHUK, oOa6paHUK, U3ZHaHUK, iipoz HaHUK, ocuzypaHuK, UcUUiIiaHUK, eaciiuiIiaHUK, iiOCllQ/tuK, U3aCllaHuK HT,n;., ca 3aMyneHoM MOTHBa~HjoM iiooallUK) a 3HaTHO BHwe OJJ: OHHX Ha -ell: eUJepeHUK, Y'leHUK, My'leHUK, iialieHUK, 6pafbeHUK, ouiIiyxeltuK, ocy~eHuK, cy~eHUK, 3apo6!beHuK, 3aiIieopeHUK, KaXfbeHUK, (y)xaiiWellUK, oaelbeltuK, yiIioii.lbeHuK, ii.JlalieHuK, pafbeHUK, CIlaelbeHUK, OOCeJbeHUK, UCeJbeHUK, llace lbeHUK, oCllo6o~eHUK, wiIiulieHUK, 3a1by6lbellUK, uOKpwiIieHUK, YWKoii.lbeHuK H MHore ,Apyre. HeiKHBe nojMoBe 03Ha'iaBajy Ha3HBH 3a KaMeH iIiYl1aHUK H iIiecaHUK, Kao H apHTMeTH'IKH TepMHHH YMafbeHUK, (y)MHoxeHUK, OUJeJbe HUK. Jow HeKOJIHKO peTKHX H3pa3a nOMHlhe MapeTHn 1963:331: "HaKona HHK (nyr HaKonaH), rpBeHHK (HJIH yrp~mHK, yrpBeH nyr), TY'leHHK (HeKa KaB 6apyr), BapeHHK (BapeHo BHHO}... " CJIOiKeHH CyiPHKCH:
1.58.2. -AIIHK. HacTaJlo je 6e3 cyMlhe H3,ABajalheM cnOiKeHor CyiPHK ca y pe'lHMa Ha -UK, O,A TpnHor npH,AeBa Kao y iipOZHallUK, U3a6paHUK HJIH O,A npH,n;eBa Kao y uUJeW'IaHUK. AKO H3Y3MeMO peTKe H 3aCTapene pe'lH, ja-
87
1.58.3. CaMOCTaJIHOCT cYiPHKca -eHHK HCTHl.{aO je Ben JlecKHH, o6ja wlLaBajynH ,n;a je HaCTao o,n; npHJJ:esa Ha -eH H -UK, anH ,n;a ce KOpHCTH 3a H3 Boljelhe H TaMO r,n;e HeMa lIpH,n;esa ("ohne Adjektiv unmittelbar zur Ablei tung von Substantiven aus", 1914:258-259). IIOTOM ,n;OHeKJIe lIpOTHBpe'lH caM ce6H, jep Kao npHMepe HaBOJJ:e 6paiIic01eeHuK, opyx6eHuK, lleOenUK, MOlluil1eeHuK, iiaKlleHuK, iiOClleHuK, CIlyx6euuK, ,n;ajynH 3a CBaKH o,n; lbHX Kao OCHOBY HMeHHl.{y (6paiIiciIieo,Opyx6a HT,A.) aJlH H lIpH,n;eB (6paiIi ciIieeu, opyx6ell HTJJ:.). De3 063Hpa Ha TO, lherOBa aHanH3a je y CyllITlfHH ra'lHa, jep MHorH o,n; OBHX npH,n;eBa Ha -eu HHCY yo6H'IajeHH49, a y CBaKOM CJIy'lajy H3BeJJ:eHHl.{a ce He MOTHBrune aHMa, Hero HMeH~OM: 6paiIiciiiee HUK je '1JIaH 6paiilc01ea, MOlluiIieeHUK je KIhHra MOlluiIiaea, iioClleHUK.je OHaj KOjH 06aBlba HeKH iiocao H CJI. HCTO 6HCMO MornH penH H 3a Oociiio jaHc01eeHuK (He ',n;OCTojaHcTBeH '10BeK' Hero HOCHJIau: HeKor oociiiojaH ciIiea, Tj. ¢YHK~Hje) HY'l.eHUK - He npeMa npH,n;eBy Y'leH (yn. Y'l.efbaK) Hero npeMa rnarony Y'luiIiu. HaBe,n;eHHM npHMepHMa MOiKeMO ,n;o,n;aTH H xpiIieeHUK, Y3 TO HeKO JIHKO cTapHjHx pe'lH Kao iIipciIieHUK 'TpUl'laK' (ca'lYBaHO y HMeHY rpa.na), paoellUK 'pa,n;HHK', KIleiIieeHUK (yrJlaBHoM y 3Ha'lelhY 'Ba3aJ1'},je;uciIieelluK 'KOHan; 3a npOUlHBalhe cnHca', oO)eeciileellUK (M3 ~pKBeHocnOBeHCKor). HapaBHO, MHoro je BHwe TaKBHX npMMepa y KojHMa je OCHOBa npH.ll:eB Ha -eH (Hnp. ceewiIieHUK, COUCiIieeHUK, ciIiaKlleHUK) HJIM rJIaroJICKH PMHH npHJJ:eB (iIiyxeHuK, cy~eHU1', OaB.l&elIUK, CJlae.lbeHUK, eepeHUK, wiIiulieHUK, MY'leHUK, YC80jeHuK HT,n;., HT,n;.) H IhHX lieMo CBPCTaTH no,n; CyiPMKC -UK. Je,n; HaKO MopaMO nocrynHTH H C pe'ljy iialieHUK (r,n;e He nOCTOjH *ualieH, aJlH nocTojH HaualieH; aKO 6HCMO Kao CYiPHKC H3,n;BOjHJIH -eHUK, MOPaJIH 6HCMO 3aKJhy'lMTH JJ:a je OCHOBa rJIarOJlCKa H JJ:a JJ:OJIa3H )to jOTOBaILa, a HH je,AHO HH JJ:pyro HHje KapaKTepHCTH'IHO 3a oBaj CyiPHKC). ]lecKHH je ,n;aBao H npH Mep xauceHuK (r,n;e je y OCHOBH HMeHHl.{a xaiic), aJlH cy KacHHje npeOBJla.na 49 TH£JH'IaH je y TOM norne.llY npllJleB iloCllen, 3a KOjH PMC Jlaje mrr 3H3'lelLa ca YKynHO CeJlaM UHTIlTII 113 ayropa XIX BeKlI, aIlH KOjH je JlaHaC I'OTOBO nomYHO H3amao H3 ynOTpe6e.
88
Tsop6a PC'l1l
CyqlllKca~Hja
Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I1KY
JII1 o6JII1QI1 XaUUleHUK I1JIH yxauUlellUK, O,l( 1"pIIHOr npl1,l(eBa (aHanOrHO ca
Ka:JICfbeftUK, 3ailleopeHUK, OcyljeHUK).
IIoce6HY aHoManHjy IIpe,l(CTaB./ba HeOJIOrH3aM ililacilleHUK, pacnpo C1"palbeH KaO Ha3HB 3a 3aTBOpeHY 6aulTY IIOKpHBeHY IIp03HPHOM IIJIaCTH KOM. CKOBaH je O"IHrJIe,l(HO IIO aHanorl1jH ca CillaKlleHUK, aJIl1 IIpH TOM HHje npaBHnHO pa3rpaHH"IeHa HH OCHOBa (Koja 61f MOpaJIa rnaCHTI1 ililacilluK- a He ililacill-) HI1TH CyqJl1KC (KOjH Y pe"IH cillaKllenUK, KaKO CMO Ben HanOMe HyJUI, rJlaCH -iiK a He -eHuK).
1.58.4. -lieHiiKje Morno HaCTaTH HJIH O,l( -6a nnyc -eHuK HnH O,l( npH ,l(eBCKOr cyqJl1Kca -6eu C,l(O,l(aTHM -HUK. Be3yje ce 3a rJlarOJ1CKY OCHOBY, Kao y y'l,l6eHUK, illpyo6eHuK, C/Ie06eHUK (CJbeo-), r,l(e O,l(rOBapajynH 06JlHQH Ha -6a 11 -6eH HJlH He nocTOje HJ1H cy nomYHO 3aCTapeJ1H. JOlU HeKOJlHKO pe IjHX npHMepa OBor cyqlHKca, Kao illpa:JIC6eHUK, uap6eHUK HT,l(., MOry ce Ha nH no pe'lHHQHMa. Yn. H xpBaTCKO '1UM6eHUK '''IHHHJ1aQ'. CJlY:JIC6eHUK H opY:JIC6eHUK He cna,l(ajy OBaMO, jep je y lbHMa cy$HKC -eHUK (B. rope).
\,
50 nplIMepa PlUUl, WaMjaHuKa, no PMC, MOlKe 3Ha'lllTII spcry rpOlK~a, spCTy TpaBC, spc:ry ja6YKe llIllI spCTy KpYIllKe. TpCUlUKa, 1I0pep; Torn IllTO 3Ha'lll 'TpCKa'. MOlKe 611TH Ha· 311S 3a jOIll 'leTHpH P33llll'lIlTe 6liJl>Ke.
3Ha'lelba npeY3MY ,l(pyrH npO,l(YKTHBHHjH Cy$HKCH" (MHCJII1 ce npe CBera Ha Cy$HKC -u/,{a). CreBaHOBHll 1964 1:508 HcrnQe ,l(a MHore HMeHHue Ha -UKa 3Ha'Ie HCTO llITO HHMeHHQe y OCHOBH, HlIp.jenuKa jejena, JlOeOpUKa = Jloeop, 600fbuKa = 6oofba, ceacillUKa = ceaciii H TaKO ,l(a./be.
IlanaTaJIH3aQHjy 3ana)KaMO caMO y HeKOJlHKO pe'lH (ZOp'lUKa, Cp'lUKa, epUlUKa, jOUluKa = joxa). JOTOBalhe H HMaMO y UlappalbUKa (nope,l( Ula ppaHUKa), CmplbUKa (O,l( CillPH: yn. CillpHUUlille, cillpuaou/,{a), /,{pIbUKa, a jo TOBatbe Jl Y Cma6fbUKa H 6(j)eJbUKa (y ,l(pyrHM pe"IHMa, Kao 60ofbUKa, UlU 6fbUKa, CMpofbUKa, rJIac fb npHna,l(a OCHOBH). '~
1.58.5. -OBHK HMa BapHjaHT)' ca -ee je,l(HHO y eUUlfbeeUK 'BHlUlbeB COK' H Y TonoHHMY YZlbeeuK (Py,l(HHK yr./ba y EOCHH). EOfbUleeuK H Melb UleeUK He pa"IYHaMO, jep cy 'IHCTH Hea,l(anTHpaHH PYCH3MH (Kao H Maco eUK). CBe ,l(OMane OCHOBe Y3 oBaj Cy$HKC nOTH'JY O,l( HMeHa 6H./baKa. Eopo eUK, 6pecilloeuK, 6YKoeuK, /,{epoeuK, JleCKOeUK (fbe-) no PMC cy HCTO lUTO H 60PUK, 6pecilluK, 6YKeUK, lfePUK, JleUlillaK (fbe-), ,l(aKJ1e 60pOBa (6peCTOBa HT,l(.) lUyMa. CTeBaHOBHn 1964 1:507 I1naK BI1,l(H Many pa3J1I1Ky 3a peqH 6y KoeUK 11 /,{epoeUK, Koje no lbeMY ,,3Ha"Ie 11 MeCTa r,l(e je 6HJ1a 6YKOBa, O,l(HO CHO QepoBa lUYMa, H Kao TaKBe BpJ10 'IeCTO nOCTajy BJIaCTI1Ta HMeHa noje ,l(HHI1X MeCTa". Ja6YKoeUK H Beli nOMeHYTIf eUUllbeeUK 3Haqe COKOBe. 1.59. Ilo 6pojy peqH y KojHMaje 3acryn./beH, -HKa t 6H ce Morao CMa 1"paTI1 BeOMa npO,l(yKTHBHHM Cy$HKCOM. BeliHHa THX peqH, MeIjYTHM, ,l(aHaC je cJ1a60 n03HaTa 11 cJ1a60 $peKBeHTHa. MHore cy BHlUe3Ha'lHe, Ma,l(a ce 3Ha'lelba yrnaBHoM Kpeliy y c$epH 6H./bHHX Ha3HBa50 , lUTO CBe ,l(OnpHHOCH YTHCKY CeMaHTHQKe HeO,l(pe~eHOCTH. )1,YlUaHKa ByjOBHli 1997, Koja je no nHcana 118 H3Be,l(eHHQa Ha -UKa, 3aK./byqyje ,l(a "HMa ,l(OCTa Pa3JIHQHTHX 3Ha':lelba OBor cy$HKca, aJIH je ManH 6poj npHMepa KOjH MOry ,l(a penpe3eH ryjy CBa Ta 3HaQelba" (CTp. 41). Ha CTp. 44 OHa ,l(o,l(aje: "Ha3HBH 3a JIHQa, X
89
1.59.1. OCHoBe cy npeTe)KHO HMeHH'IKe, pelje npH,l(eBCKe, a caMO no HeKa,l( rJIarOJICKe.
He yna3eliH y ,l(eTa.lbe 60TaHHQKe TepllOlHOnOrHje, HanOMeHHMO ,l(a HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe Haj"Iernlie H caMe HMajy 6H./bHO 3Ha'lelbe, fiHno ,l(a cy I1CT03Ha"IHe ca H3Be,l(eHHqoM HJIH ,l(a OBa 03HaQasa HeKY MaJIO JtPYK'IHjy 6H./bKY. TaKBH npHMepH cy 306UKa, 60pUKa, o6CUKa, oYOUKa, UlUMUlupUKa, jaeopuKa, Jl060pUKa, illOUOJlUKa, UlappaUUKa (-IbUKa), UleeapUKa, KIlOKO'lUKa H ,l(pyre. TaKBO je no nopeKny H iiaupUKa, caMO lUTO ce !heHa MOTHBHa HMe HHQa, uauap, ,l(aHaC He ynOTjJe6./baBa y Cp6Hjlf. l1MeHHue C,l(PYK'IHjHM, "He 60TaHHQKHM" 3Ha'ielbeM HMaMO y OCHOBaMa $HTOHHMa Kao Mei1i.1luKa, cauy HUKa, iiiaMjaHuKa, :JIC0pMUKa, Meoe(j)eOUKa, ::xcy60puKa. IIope,l( TOra lUTO je HMe fiH./bHe BpCTe, 06nHK Ha -UKa MO)Ke 03Ha'JaBaTH "caMO je,l(HHKY", KaKO Ka:lKe ByjOBHIi (CTP. 44), Hnp. 60puKa 'TaHKO H BHTKO 60POBO ,l(pBO" KOHO ii.!buKa ' CTa6./bHKa KOHOII./be', MyxapuKa 'CTPYK Myxapa' (no CTeBaHoBHliy, HaB. M.), JlOeOpUKa 'noBopoB BeHau' H CJ1H"IHO. Iloje,l(HHa'lHe ,l(eJIOBe 6H./bKe 03Ha"IaBajy ciUa6fbuKa, 60ofbuKa, paUlfbuKa, CmplbuKa, epUluKa 'BPX (6H.1b Ke, .ll:J>BeTa: jOlU HeKOJIHKO 3Ha'IeH.a y PMC) H ,l(pyre pe'lH. Haj3a,l(, HCTH cy $HKC ce ynmpe6./basa H 3a Ha3HBe nopo.l(Hua y 60TaHH'IKOj KnacH$HKauHjH, Kao jazlluKe, 2IlaeO'lUKe, Mlle'lUKe (Mlbe-) H CJ1I1':1HO.
BaH 6H./bHOr CBeTa, je,l(HHe MaJIO n03HaTHje Hea$eKTHBHe pe'lH jecy Cp'lUKa (' CP)K Y 6KiLaKa'," aJIH H $HrypaTI1BHO 'cpx<, je3rpo, cYlUTHHa') H ceaCmUKa (OBaj 06nHK je ,l(aHaC caCBHM IIOTHCHYO npB06HTHo ceacill, Bepo BaTHO 3aTO llITO )KeHCKe HMeHHQe Ha cyrnacHHK HHCY HHMaJIO y06HQajeHe y 3Ha'lelbY )KHBHX 6Hlia). C ,l(pyre C1"paHe, -UKa je BPJlO )!(HBO Kao XHIIOKO PHCTH"IHH Cy$HKC MYlUKor H )KeHCKOr pO,l(a, ,l(o,l(aT nOHeKHM HMeHHUaMa $aMHnHjapHor 3HaQelba, Kao y 6pa/,{uKa, 6YlfuKa (ByjOBHIi, CTP. 43), UUH'IU Ka, <1>upuKa, E06uKa (0 nCHMa), a nOHajBHlUe Y3 JlHQHa HMeHa, Hnp. Pe3U Ka, ra6uKa (Ea6Hli 1991:265), JYJl'lUKa, TOH'IUKa, MM'IUKa5I , AHuKa. A/,{u 51 ElleMeHT -'1U-
y OBlIM XHflOKOPHCTHI(HM8 611he )la je MaljapcKor nopeKJlll, a HHje JyJIKa H cn., Kao U1TO MHCJlH 6a6HIi (HaD. M.).
HaCTao nanaTaJlH3allHjOM OJI.
90
91
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
CycjIHKCal{Hja
Ka, MUIlUKa, MUlJUKa HTA. I1cTor nOpeKlla je H HeKaA nOnYJlapHH JKaprOH CKH H3pa3 UlIiMUKe ("IlIHMH" llHneJle: Y PMC npeHeTO H3 KJlaHna), UlU3UKa OA UlU3(OppeHU'ldp) 'JlYllKaCTa oc06a', Y HOBHje BpeMe Eap6uKa OA HMeHa aMepHqKe JlYTKe Barbie (doll) H Apyro. JacHo je Aa nopeA alPeKTHBHor ca
peHHue OA 6paiil OAHOCHO oiilall. AHaJIOraH TOMe je H JKeHCKH CYIPHKC -HMa, jeAHHo Y peqH uoceciilpUMa.
APJKaja ynoTpe6y OBor CYIPHKCa nOACTHqe H nOTPe6a Aa ce oMorynH Ae
ce ynoTpe6JhaBa caMO Y jeAHHHH (BUAH ,l.{a6Hn 2000). To je pa3J10r IlITO ra xpBaTcKH rpaMaTHqapH HajqeIlIne H He CBpCTaBajy Y TBop6y peqH Hero y
1.61. CYIPHKC -HHI (3a
KllllHallHja HMeHHlla Ha -ll, Koje 6H HHaqe 6HJIe HenpOMeHJhHBe.
1.59.2. 11 OA npH.L\eBCKe OCHOBe HajBHIlIe HMa 6HJhHHX Ha3HBa, Kao
-U1I2
BMH HHJKe) HMa He06HqHY OC06HHY Aa
npOMeHY HMeHHua, Ha3HBajynH ra ,jeAHHHcKHM npOAYJKeTKOM" (BHAH Ea pHn et a1. 1979:74; y HOBOM H3AalbY, 1997:106, Taj TepMHHje HanYllITeH H 3aMelbeH ca "UH, Koje Y MHOJKHHH OTnaAa"). Tpe6a nOACeTHTH, HnaK, Aa ce CYIPHKC 3aApJKaBa H Y MHOJKHHH Y peqHMa i)oMaliuH, iilyljUH, Kao H Y 3aCTa peJIOM pai)uH 'PaAHIlIa, BpeAaH qOBeK' (OAaTJle H HerallHja lIepai)UlI 'He
60)e.tbUKa, llPlIUKa, xyiiluKa, /byiiluKa, ZOp'lUKa, oUliilpUKa, Alei)eHuKa, Ile i)eHuKa, eoi)ellUKa, 3elleHuKa, iilepi)uKa, iilyciiluKa, C.Mpi)/bUKa (ca CKpane HOM OCHOBOM) HTA.lllapeHuKa je no PMC BpCTa ja6YKe H KpYIlIKe, lJpeellu Ka MOJKe 03HaqaBaTH llpBeHY ja6YKY, llpBeHo BHHO (Ha3BaHo HpYMemlKa), a no BYKY H K03Y llpBeHKacTe AJlaKe; celj)eiIilluKa MOJKe 6HTH CBeTJlO BHHO, Bpcn 3MHje HJlH "KOMaA cYBa, CMOJlaCTa ApBeTa KOjHM ce CBeTJlH Kao Jly
PaAHHK' Y PMC C jeAHHM UI1TaTOM H3 CB. PaHKOBHna) 11 ZOll'lUlI 'rOHHq' HJIH 'MyqHTeJh' (rAe 6H CYIPHKC, no CKOKY, 6HO -'lUH). naJIaTaJII13allHja Ae
qeM". OA TPnHor npHAeBa je eapellUKa 'BapeHo, KYBaHo MJleKo'.
JIyje jeAHHo Y peql1 TYP'lUH.
,lJoMaliuH H iilyljUH cy yjeAHo H jeAHHH npHMepH C npl1AeBCKHM OCHO BaMa, a pai)uH H ZOH'lUH C rJlarOJlCKHM. Y OCTaJIHM H3BeAeHHllaMa OCHOBY qHHH HMeHHlla. OCHM y peqH ZOciiOi)UH (H 6Ilaciile.nuH, 3a KOjy B. nOA 1.38), TO cy CBe TYPllH3MH, Kao y 6aKMuH, KacauuH, '106aHUH, 6ep6epuH, i)Ylllje pUH, HM6alliiluH 'nOTKHBaq', ljaypuH, KaypuH, (X)aMMUTl, i)YUlMaHuH, xp CY3UH, xopjaiiluH 'npOCTaK, HeOTecaHall', zyp6eiiluH 'lluraHHH; '1epraIlI, CKHTHHlla', y3 TO rpellH3MH iilupaHUH H apzaiilUH. CBe pe'lH ce jaBJhajy H y 06JIHKY 6e3 -UH (lIM6aHiiluH C AOAaTKOM -a: HM6aHiila), MaAaje, OCHM MO iK.L\a 3a i)YHljep H (X)QMM, AYJKH 06J1HK 06H'IHHjH Y KlbHJKeBHOM je3HKY·
1.59.3. C rnarOJlCKHM OCHOBaMa, n03HaTHje peqH cy caMO 6YHuKa (HeH3BecHe eTHMOJlOrHje, aJIH CBaKaKO y Be3H C rnarOJlHMa 6Ylluiilu, 6YlllJa
iilu) H 6Ilai)uKa ("npaCJlaB. H3BeAeHHlla Ha -yka", KaJKe CKOK, KOjH HCTHqe Aa je ellai)uKa HeKaAa Morno 6HTH H JKeHCKOr pOAa, HapOqHTO y ,l.{y6pOBHH KY, ca 3HaqelbeM 'BJlaCTeOCKa JKeHa HJlH KnH BJlaCTeJlHHa'. Mel)y 6HJhHHM Ha3HBHMa HMaMO jOili H lIlj)euuKa 'llenJheHa BonKa' H lleXUKa 'APBO Koje je naJIO, Koje JleJKH Ha 3eMJhH'. ByjoBHn (CTP. 42) HaBOAH H HeKOJIHKO APY rnx MaJIO n03HaTHX peqH Kao xeXUKa, xy6opuKa, /bYUliiluKa, 3a6opaeu Ka H CJI., y3 HanoMeHY Aa 6H Morne 6HTH H OA HMeHHqKHX OCHOBa.
1.59.4. -JhHKa je no cBeMY cYAenH H3ABojeHo H3 peqH Kao 6oi)/bUKa, Ulu6/bUKa, KOHoii.lbuKa, rAe je -UKa AOIlIJIO Ha OCHOBY C IPHHaJIHHM -/b, HJlH Ha « ciila6Ilo). HaJIa3HMO ra Y MaiillbuKa (06HqHO an03UTHBHO Y H3pa3Y MaUlUHa a.), Kao H Y BHIlIe peTKHX peqH yrnaBHOM H3 6HJhHOr CBeTa: iiaupaiillbuKa (JIeKOBHTa 6HJhKa), CMpi)/bUKa (Ha3HB HeKOJIHKO Pa3JIHqHTHX 6HJhaKa), Mei)/bUKa (6HJhKa, HJIH 'CJIaTKa 6HJh Ha TeqHOCT KOjy HcnYIlITajy 6HJhHe BaIlIH'), lIlj)eii.lbuKa CuenqHua, MaJIH HC TalbeHH KOMaA APBeTa'), UlaUllbUKa (= IlIaIlIa, KYKYPY30BHHa), lIpeii.lbuKa (= upen, yJeT nojeAHHaqHO) UTA. Peq iilpeueiillbuKa Aanje y PMC nOA ABe Ok
jOToBaHY OCHOBY Kao Y ciila6/bUKa
peAHHue, jeAHoM Y CMHCJIY TPenepaBor YKpaca OA MeTaJIHHX JIHCTHna, APyrn
fiYT
Kao CHHOHHM 3a jacHKY (tlUje JIHiline TPenepH).
1.60. -HM, npB06HTHO HaCTaBaK naCHBHor napTHUHna npe3eHTa, AO JIa3H caMO Y iio6paiilUM (HeKaAa H 6paiilUM, OAaKlle rnaroJl 6paiilUMuiilu) H
iiOO'lUM. no nopeKllY OHH cy OA rnarOJIa uo6paiiluiilu OAHOCHO OA peTKor iiOO'luiilu, MaAa ce AaHac npe ocenajy Kao npeIPHKCaJIHO-CYIPHKCaJIHe TBO-
'<0.
,l.{pyry BeJIHKY rpyny H3BeAeHHlla OA HMeHHqKHX OCHOBa '1HHe eTHHUH. CYIPHKC je 06aBe3aH y Cp6UH, TYP'lUTI, EyzapuH, ApauUH, TaiilapUH H y 3aCnpeJIOM YZpUH, y06HqajeH je y JeepejuH, £{ueyiiiuH, ~U2allUH, ~UHlJa PUH H AOHeKlle y ApHayiiiuH H JepMeHUH, a CaMO H3yJeTHO ce jaBJha y 06JIH UHMa Kao AeapUH H Mal,lapull. (MapeTHn 1963:333 6eJIeJKH H ]JaiiluHuH.)
1.61.1. CaMo AeJIHMHqHY CJIHqHOCT C AOCaA HaBeAeHHM npHMepHMa nOKa3yje -UH y aHTPonoHHMHMa. Ty cnaAajy AaHac '1eCTa HMeHa Kao )/{ueo jUH (iliTO je caCBHM HCTHCHYJIO OCHOBHH 06J1HK )/{u6oje, nOCBeAOqeH Ha BH IlIe MeCTa KOA MHJIHlle fpKoBHn, aJIH AaHac Hey06H'IajeH), BOjUH, Bece.nuH, y3 HeKa pel)a Kao EOXUH, ~eeiiluH (~6UjeiiluH), )/(e/bUH, CiilOjUH, Ciilpa
jUlI, rOp'lUH, ,lJOj'lUH HTA. EYAynH Aa HMeHa HeMajy MHOJKHHY, OBAe H30CTa je KpHTepHjYM ,jeAHHHcKor npOAyJKeTKa". HHje HCKJbY'leHO Aa cy Ha lbH XOB HaCTaHaK AeJIOBaJIa H HMeHa nopeKlloM OA JIaTHHCKHX Ha -in US, Kao
MapuH, MapiiluH, JYCiilUH, BMeHiilulI.
1.61.2. Kao noce6aH CYIPHKC, oneT, CTeBaHoBHn 1964':523 TPeTHpa Ayro -UH y Ha3HBHMa KOILa, H3BeAeHHM OA HMeHHlla HJIH npMeBa: i)0PUH, IjOZUH, Xi)PMUH (OA Xi)PM Y 3HaqelbY 'KOlb CHBe MaKe'), 6yjUH (no CKO
92
Tsop6a pe'il! y CaapeMeliOM CpncKoMje3HKY
CytPHKcaUHja
KY O.ll. HCTe OCHOBe KaO npH.lI.eB 6yjall), lUapiiu. Ma.u.a je nO.ll.Y.lI.apHOCT ca CBHM CJlY'IajHa, no 06Jll1KY TY 6H cna.ll.aJIo H rpY3iiu (113 PYCKor: 6Y.lI.ynH .lI.a -iiu HHaqe KO.ll. Hac He nocTojH Kao eTHHqKI1 cyqmKc, y HOBl1je BpeMe qemnH cy 06JUu.(11 rpY3uua/,{, rpY3uja/,{ HJlH rpy3ujalta/,{).
HHqKHM CY!\>MKcHMa, aJIM rn HIIaK HaJIaJl1MO y MHorHM H3Be.ll.eHI1uaMa O.ll. HMeHa 3eMaJba (IlIeeljaIlUll, KGHalja1lUlI, XOAallljaIlUH, HOe03eAallljaHuH,
CJlO)l(eHH CY!\>HKCH:
1.61.3. -AHKH/-jaH"H. OBaj CY!\>HKC je H3PaJHTO CKJlOH jOTOBaa.y,.lI.O Te Mepe.ll.a ra je MaTe XpacTe (1965:99) 6eJle)l(HO caMO y 06JlHKY -jaUUTl, a nOBO.ll.OM eTHHKa KOp'lYAallUU, .lI.aTOr y liOpaHl1neBOM npaBonliCY H3 1930, npHMenHBao je .lI.a 6H "MOPaJIO 6HTH KOP'IYlballUlI", npH3HajyrIH HnaK: "aJIH ce rOBopH H nHme caMO KOp'lYAaHUlI". MapeTHn (1963:311) TBP.lI.HO je .lI.a "aHUH HMaMO caMO y: liaqBaHHH (Kao .lI.a je 3eMJbH HMe Ea'l8a), MaqBaHHH, TYsJlaHI1H". necKHH (1914:249), no CBOM 06Hqajy, He fIHme -jaHUTt Hero CaMO ,,-an-in, der vorangehende Konsonant palatalisiert". CTe BaHoBHu (1964 1: 521-522), lia6Hn (1991:220-227) H CTaHojlIHu-TIonoBHu (1999:139) rOBope HanOpe.ll.O 0 CY!\>HKcHMa -a/lUH H -jGHUH. JhMeljy OBHX PaJJIH'IHTHX npHKa3a HCTe rpalje TemKO je O.ll.a6paTH Haj60JbH. TIpHMeTHMo, y CBaKOM cJlyqajy, .lI.a ce nOCTojaa.e HejoToBaHor 06JlHKa -aHUH, Ma.ll.a peT KO, He MO)l(e nopllUaTH. TIope.ll. KOp'lYAaHUH H nope.ll. TpH 06JlHKa Koja je HaBO.ll.HO MapeTHo, npHMepH cy jOll1 JIGCiil8aHLlH, IlIoAiilauuu, KGlUiileAG HUH (lia6Hu, CTp. 209), a y3 TO EyoealluH H HepeiileaHuH, .lI.aHac CBaKaKO qe mUH Hero EYOlbaHUH H Hepeii1fbaHUH (OBa .lI.Ba BI1.l1.I1 no.ll. -IbGIlUH). IIho ce THqe 06JII1Ka ca -p Ha Kpajy OCHOBe (Meljy Hajn03HaTHjHMa cy 3aopaHUH, XeapaHUH, TpozupaHUH, KuiipaHUH, a O.ll. aneJlaTliBa oeopaHUH H ZOpaHUIl), OHM CBaKaKO HHCY apryMeHT npOTHB jOTOBaa.a, aJIH 611 MOrJIH .lI.OBeCTM y nHTaa.e nocTOjaa.e 06JIHKa -jallull. OqeKHBaJIH 6HCMO, HaHMe, .lI.a
6Y.ll.e BMlI1e 06JlHKa ca OqYBaHHM j, aJIH TaKBHX 06JlHKa, npeMa HHKOJIHUe BOM 06paTHoM peqHHKY, HMa caMO TpH: oeopjallull (BapHjaHTa O.ll. 080pa HUll), MupjallUH (CBeTOBa.aK: M3 pYCKor) H HCTOPHjCKH eTHHK AzapjallUIl, "no je.ll.HOM apanCKOM nJleMeHY Koje je, npeMa CBeTOM nHCMY, 6HJIO y He npHjaTeJbCTBY C JeBpejHMa" (PMC).
1.63.1.1. OBaj CY!\>HKC je CeMaHTHqKH BeOMa yje.ll.HaqeH, jep HMa npaKTHqHO CaMO je.ll.HO 3Haqea.e: 'cTaHoBHHK MeCTa 03HaqeliOr HMeHHUOM y OCHOBH'. OTY.lI.a ce cMaTpa rJIaBHHM H HajnpaBI1JlHHjHM eTHHqKHM CY!\>HK COM. Ko.ll. je.ll.HOr JIHHrBHCTe-aMaTepa Kao mTO je 6HO CTeBaH HH'·IOTa TO je .lI.OBe.ll.eHO .lI.O ancYP.ll.a, na je OH 3aXTeBao .lI.a ce Kao je.ll.HHO npaBHJlHH npH 3Hajy He caMO .lI.aHaC 3aCTapeJIO /(aAMG;/aHUH, AMepU'laIlUH, MapO'laIlUlI, JIOIlOO1bGlIUH H CJI., Hero qaK H C,wfllbaIlUIl, 3eMYlballUIl, CflapliallUll, Ey KypewliaHUIl, EeA::xcaIlUH, AA6albGIlUIl, MaKeOOlbaUUIl, Epa3UlballUIl, AyciilpaHuH (!) H CJlHqHH HenoCTojeoH 06JIHUH (HHqOTa 1958: 19-40). Y cTBapHocTH, -(j)aIlUH HMa BeJIHKY KOHKypeHUHjy y -(a)/,{ H .lI.pyrHM eT-
93
Hopqe::xcallulI, H1l00ue::xcaHuH, EZUflliaTtUH, EiiluoiilbaHuH, EepoiilbaHuH), ~oKpajHHa H 06JlaCTI1 (EallaliaHuH, HCiilpaHull, JIU'laHUH, TUMO'IaHUH, Eup
'lallUH, Ma'leaIlUH, KopullliaHUH, JOlbaHuH MT.lI..), y BMme HCToPHjCKHX Ha 3HBa Kao lllTO cy Tpa'lallUH, /(a'laIlUIl, c[JeHU'laHUH, MAe'laHUH, Kapiilazu 1baHUH, Ha3apeliaHuH HT.lI.., aJIH nOHajBHme y H3Be.ll.eHHuaMa O.ll. HMeHa rpa .lI.OB3. npe CBern .lI.OMaUHX (EeozpaljaHulI, Hoeocaljallull, KUKUuljaHUTt, Eu AeliaHUIl, HUKlUUliallUH, CilIluliaHuH, CeHful1lUIl, H06lbaIlUH, ~eiilU/ballUH, KHUlballUH, IlIaii'lGHuH, JlecKOe'laHUll, Ea1baAY'laIlUitiEalbOAY'laIlUH, Jaj'la HUH, l{a'laHUTI, Y::XCU'laIlUTI, Eapallull, 3aopallUH, [JepalUiilaHUIl HT.lI..) aJIH 11 CTpaHHX (Aiilu1baHUH, PUMlbaHUll, Maopu~allUH, lbyjop'lallUH, Bapwa6lba HUll, [Jpa::xcaHUIl, [JapUXaHUTI, [JeKUIl::xcaHUH HT.lI..).
Y H3Boljea.y cy qeCTe HenpaBHJIHOCTH y 06JlHKY OCHOBe, 6HJlO .lI.a je pe.ll.YKOBaHa (BojeoljaHull O.ll. Bojeoo{ulla), [Jo::xcapeelbaHUH O.ll. [Jo::xca pee{a/,{}, KpYlUe6lbaHUH O.ll. KpYlUee{a/,{}, ifMoliallUIl O.ll. HMOiil{CKU}, MaKa pallUIl O.ll. MaKap{cKaj), I1JIH.lI.a je YMecTO y06HqajeHor TOnOHHMa 3a OCHO By y3eT HeKH .lI.pyrH 06JIHK, HIIp. MaAiile::xcaHUH IIpeMa HT. maltese, TYllu ::xcaHUH (nope.ll. peryJlapHOr TYIlUWaIlUH) npeMa *TYHU3uja < fro Tunisie, MOCK06lbaHUH npeMa paHHjeM MocKoe 'Pyc' (BH.lI.H MapKoB 1957:163), a BepoBaTHo H npeMa OCHOBH npH.ll.eBa MOCKoecKU (pyc. MOCK06CKUU), IlIKo iilAaHljaHuH (nope.ll. npaBHJIHHjer IlIKoiil) BepOBaTHO O.ll. eHrJI. Scot/and yKp IllTeHOr C HeMaqKHM Schott/and; TaKO H COMapuliallUH (.lI.aHaC y npeHece HOM 3Haqea.y 'MHJIOCp.ll.aH 1JOBeK', aJIM npB06HTHO 'CTaHOBHHK CaMapHje', C rpqKOM OCHOBOM npeyJeTOM H3 JlaTHHCKor Samaritanus). TIomYHO aHO MaJIHH cy Ben nOMeHYTO Ea'leaHUH (aHaJIOrnjoM npeMa Ma'leaHUIl?) M Hu lUe6lballUH (Koje K HeMa CTBapHY ynOTpe6y, jep ce YBeK Ka)l(e HUUlAuja).
1.63.1.2. TIope.ll. eTHKKa, HHCY peTKH HH "eTHOH.lI.H", KaKO HX HaJH.Ba Ea6Ku, Tj. HaJHBH 3a CTaHOBHHKa H3Be.ll.eHI1 He H3 TOnOHI1Ma Hero 113 3aje.u. HH'IKe HMeHlul;e: zpaljalluH (H MaAOZpaljaHuH, eeAezpaljalluH), M(j)elUiila HUH, eapolUaHUH (MaA06apOlUallUIl, zop1boeapowaHUH), UaAaH'laIlUlI, Ce/ba HUH, xyii/baHUH, iiapoxujaHull, op::xca6lbaHUH, ociilp6lbaHUH, 6pljaHull, iipe 'laHUH, K)'llaHuH H (O.ll. npe,ll.JlOWKe CHHTarne) YK)'liaIlUH. Y06HqajeHo 3Ha1Je
a.e nopeKJla HJlH MeCTa 60paBKa 3aMea.eHO je 3Haqea.eM npHna.u.HOCTK y uy « iiYK) H xpulUliaHUH (lllTO je, Kao 11 xpBaTCKO KplUliaHUH, y CymTl1 HH !\>OHeTCKa H MOP!\>OJlOll1Ka a.u.anTaUKja rpqKOr christianos > JIaT. christi anus: B. CKoKa S. v. Kpuciil). 'laHUH
1.63.2. BapHjaHTa -JhaHHII rOTOBO )'BeK npe.ll.CTaBJba aJIOMOP!\> O.ll. -ja y PUMlbaHUH, EepoiilbaHUH, H06lbaHUTI Hen. 0
HUH nOCJIe JIa6KjaJIa, Kao
noce6HOM CyqlHKCY -lbaHUH Momo 6H ce MO)l(J{a roBOpHTH je.ll.KHO y Hepe
94
Tsop6a PC'llf Y CaapCMCHOM CpnCKOM je3lfKY
iliIbaHUH (HaCTanO ynpOmnaBalheM cyrnaCHHqKe rpyrre y (Hepefii6JbaHUH). TIOBO.l(OM He06H'IHHX 06lJHKa Belf..fballulI, /(60pJbaIlUH H CJI., Koje je CTjerraH MBmHn 06jamlbaBao aHaJIOrHjoM, fepHep 1963:37-38 cMaTPa .l(a ne npe 6HTH eKcnpecHBHe npHpo.l(e'(" ... dass das sekundare l-epenthetikon eher rein expressiver Natur ist"). OH TaKolje npHMenyje .l(a je y TIpaB. 1960, Kao eTHHK O.l( H06U lllexep, .l(aTO H080UleXepJbaHUII, HaKO Ty 3a -Jb- HeMa HHKa KBOr <poHeTcKor OnpaB.l(alha.
1.63.3. CJIO)!(eHH Cy
1'13 HMeHa rpana Muiiip08'1aHUH (npeMa Muiiip06Ulla), lllu6eH'IaHuH (rrpeMa lllu6eHuK), y3 Ben rrOMeHYTO ,l(y6p06'1aHUH 1'1 JIpoKyii'laHUII. ~OCTa .l(HCKy cHja BO.l(HJIO ce OKO HMeHHue K03ap'lalIUH (HanOpe.l(O C rrpH.l(eSOM K03a pa'lKU). M nopHn 19841'1 illHnKa 2000 cJIa)!(y ce.l(a ce CTaHOBHHK K03ape 1'1 TIOTK03apja 30Be caMO K03ap'laHUH ()!(, K03ap'laHKa), HacyrrpoT HeKHM pa HHjHM TBp.l(lhaMa rro KojHMa 61'1 npaBHJIHO 6HJIO K03apall, K03apKa, .l(OK 61'1 K03ap'laHUH 61'10 caMO CTaHOBHHK K03apua, ceJIa no.l( K03apOM. PMC 6eJIe)!(H 1'1 caCBHM Hey06~fllajeHo MaJI'IaIlUH 'CTaHOBHHK MaJIe, MaxaJIe', npeHeTO H3 peqHHKa PHCTHna-KaHrpre, 6e3 UHTaTa.
1.64. Kao -HH2 03HaqaBaMO Cy
CytPHKCall,lfja
95
1.65. CJIHqHO Kao mTO CMO nOCTynHJIH ca CY
1.65.1. O)l, HMeHH'UmX OCHosa, ca CY
96
TBop6a pe'lH Y CaSpeMeHOM CpncKoMje:JHKY
CY
H .o:aHaC HMa .o:BOjaKH aKu;eHT (rlpaU4Ulla H upamima); .o:aHaC, Me~yrHM, He 3HaqH 'BeJIHKH npax', Hero npax KojH ce HaKynH YCJIe.o: CTajafba, npax y CMHCJIY He'lHCTone. 3aCTapeJIH cy Ha3HSH .o:p)KaBa Kao KlleXUlla 'KHe)KeBH Ha', 60j600U1la 'BOjSO.o:CTBO', aJIH je OCTao TonOHHM Boj600Ulla.
IUUHa, KUCeIlUHa, ZoU10BUHa, cup06UlIa, jMoBUlla, cuU1HUHa, rfpHUlIa, cpe 6pIIIl.,.Ha, nOHeKa.o: C npoMeHoM aKu;eHTa Kao y CIla6uHa, H06uHe )K MH. (0.0: H06/ma), cU1apuua 'cTapau;' (0.0: cU1apima).
CycpHKC -ulta l YJIa3H y CJIO)KeHHu;e 0.0: HMeHHu;a C rnaronOM Kao 6000 oepUlla, tfP6oiliO'lUHa, pYKoili60pUlla, YMoili60pUlla, 6(j)eilipOMeiliulla, 60 CK06apUlla HT.o:. ITpecpHKCaJIHO-cycpHKcailHe TBopeHHu;e cy OMllaOUlla, sa6(j)eilipUHa, iiolleljuHa, Iloopa6U/ta, floca6uua H CII. (y3 JOUl HeKOIlHKO .o:aHac H306HqajeHHx, Koje je HaBo.o:HO JIecKHH 1914-296: oKpajulla, u060 'lUHa, uOxpuiliuHa, iioopeiiuHa H CII.).
1.65.2. CBaKaKO HajBeliy nnO,AHOCT npecpHKc -ulla nOCTH)Ke C npH.o:eB CKHM OCHOBaMa, r.o:e je YBeK no.o: HamaCKOM If r.o:e H3pa)KaBa nOHMeHHqefbe oco6HHe H3pa)KeHe npH.o:eBoM. TaKBe cy peqH 6p3U1la, xuilipulla, 6e1lU'lUlla, OYXUTta, zycU1uHa, ja'lUHa, oluU1puHa, 6pellUlta, 6pynuHa, U10iiIlUlIa, c6(j)eXUlla, iliumulIa, 1f(j)eIlUHa, 6ucilipulla, 6p1lUHa, 6(j)emiliuHa, MIIIlU lla, SPellUllQ, Zop'lUlla, Ibyiliulla, oa6uuua. 6(j)eIlUHa HT.o:. 0.0: OCHOBe KOM napaTHBa cy MalbUlla, 6enUlla, OQ/bUlIa, oe6lbulla. ITpH.o:eBH Ha -aK H -OK YilaCKOM y H3Be.o:eHHU;y ry6e Taj CycpHKC: IIUSUHa, 6IlUSUHa, iliexuHa, mu pUHa, 6ucuHa, xecU1uHa. Morno 6H ce cMaYpaTH .o:a je Ha HCTH HallHH Ha CTaJlO H oc06uHa, o.o:6al.\HBafbeM cycpHKca y npH.o:eBy oc06-e1l HnH oc06-uU1. CycpHKC -(a)H 06HqHO oCTaje, Kao y CUU1I1UlIa, iipa3UUHa, pa6HUlla, Hepa6 HUHa, ZIla611uHa, oa6HUHa, MY'lHUHa H cn. (OB.o:e He pallYHaMO npHMepe ca CycpHKCOM -HllIla, 3a Koje B. HIf)Ke). HnaK, CUilUlla If ciiapUHa HajnaKUle 6H CMO 06jacHHJIH Kao H3se.o:eHe H3 npH.o:esa CUilaH O.o:HOCHO ciiapall 6e3 cy cpHl(ca. 0.0: npH.o:esa Ha -ell HMa HeKOJIHKO pe~IfX, npeTe)KHO XPBaTCKHX H3 Be.o:eHHl.\a 36HpHor 3HalleIba, Kao op6ellUlla, CiliaKllellUlla, mapel/una; 06HqHHje je caMO ili(j)ecU1eHUHa (0.0: peTKor npu.o:eBa ilibJecU1eH), npH
MJbeHO H y Cp6HjH Kao Heonxo.o:aH 3aje.o:HHlIKH Ha3HB 3a pe3aHl.\e, MaKapo He H CJIHlIHe npOH3Bo.o:e. Pell oiimiliuHa je H3ry6HJIa CMHcaOHY Be3Y C npH.o:eBOM OUIUU1u, UlTO ce BH.o:H H no aKl.\eHry. CJIHlIHO lbOj, HeHarnaUleHH CycpHKC HMajy H z06elju Ha, UUIlenUlla, upacenUlIa, iliellenUlla,jazlbeliuHa, KOjH cy .o:aHac pel)H Hero 06JIHl.\H 0.0: HMeHHl.\a, zoeeOUlIa, uUIleU1uHa HT.o:. . YnpaBO HaBe.o:eHH npHMepH Ha -ellUlla H Ha -/jUlia, -nulla 3Haqe p06y O.o:HOCHO BpCTy Meca. CJIH"I'aH npeJIa3 ca ancYpaKTHor Ha npocTopHO HnH MaTepHjaJIHO 3Haqelbe HMaMO H y .o:OCTa .o:pyrHx pellH Kao HUSUHa, KpU6UHa, pa6HUHa, Hepa6HuHa, cU1pMuHa, myiilbUlta, 061lUlla, oKpYZlluHa H cn., a ca WHpHM 3HallelbeM MeCTa HJIH npe.o:ena KOjH ce O.o:JIHKyje OC06HHOM KaKBY 03HaQaBa MOTHBHH npH.o:eB 'lUCU1UHa, OUfJ/bUHa, iiuU1oMuHa, iliyljulla H JOUl nOKojy. PasHe .o:pyre BpCTe nOMepeHHx 3HaQelba HaJIa3HMO y XU6UHa, KP
97
1.65.3. 0.0: pa.o:Hor marOIlCKor npH.o:eBa cy oUeKllUlla, oilieKllUHa, us paCilUlla, HaupCIlUHa, HaUYKllUlla, iiPOMp31lUHa H jow HeKOJIHKO pellH, Mel)y KojHMa H pac(j)e/lUHa, 3HaTHO llewlia Hero lLeH MOTHBHH rnaron pac(j)eciliu ce 'pacnYKHyrIf ce, npOBaJIHTH ce'. 0.0: YpnHor npH.o:eBa je iliKallUHa, a C MaIbe jacHoM MOTHBaU;HjOM opiliUHa HJIH oopiliulIa ("MpwaBO KJbyce, Kao .o:a je o.o:pro", no MapeTHlieBoM 06jawl:heIbY; .o:aHac ce opU1uua ynOYpe6JbaBa yrnaBHoM cpHrypaTHBHO 3a "I'OSeKa, .o:OK 3a oopU1UHa PMC
l\aje H 3Haqefba 'nOl\epaHa, H3HOUleHa XaJbHHa', 'l\pOIbaK' H 'pa3SaJIHHa, pyweBHHa').
1.65.4. 0.0: rnarOJICKe OCHose cy uaOUHa, KJU06UHa, U1pZ06U1la, c6eiU K06UHa, upU1UHa (OA upU1uU1u 'npaBHTH npona3'), BepOSaTHO H opYXUHa H 1l06UHa (KOjH 6H MOrnH 6HTH H OA HMeHHl.\e opyz OAHOCHO 1l06). 0.0: npe cpHKCHpaHHX marona cy US60'lUHa, UCKOUUHa, Haiilla6uHa, OllyUUHa, pa36a lluHa, yiJy6UHa, caopXUHa, cKJUulIa (MOrJIO 6H 6HTH H OA HMeHHu;e cKJU, aJIH OHa je .o:eBep6aJI), Y36ucUHa HTA. ITo nopeKJIy T'j cna.o:ajy H pa30Q/bUHa, UOMp'lUHa H Ciilla'lUHe, MaAa cy IbHXOBH'MOTHBHH marOJlH (Pa30Q/builiu, UOMp'lUU1u, ciiIlaKailiulciillaKlIyiliu) AaHac npHJlHqHO Hey06H"IajeHH. MHore H3BeAeHHl.\e OBor THna .o:aHac cy 3aCTapene HJlH ce ynOlpe6JbaBajy caMO y xpsaTcKOM. TaKBe cy Hnp., KOA JIecKHHa 1914:286, iJoMeU1uHa (' cMelie, He qHCTOna' HJlH 'nOCTeJbHu;a, nnau;eHTa'), uooepUHa, olbywiliuHa, ozpe6UHe, OcilipUXUHe, a TaKO H KO.o: Ea6Hlia 1991:241 060puHa, uaili60puHa, cacU1a 6UHa, UCllpiluHa, CIluU1UHa.
1.65.5. 0.0: OCHose pe.o:HHX 6pojeBa rpa.o:e ce Ha3HBH 3a pa3JlOMKe U1peliuHa, 'leiU6pU1uHa, iieiliuHa H TaKO AaJbe, TeopHjcKH 3a CBe 6pojeBe OCHM oKpyrnHx 6pojesa cilio, XUlbaoy, MUIlUOH, MUilujapoa »TA. CU1oU1uHa, Kao wro nOKa3yje H pa3nHKa y aKu;eHTy y OAHOCY Ha THn ilipenima, He 3Ha qH 11100 Hero 100; 3a pa3nOMaK nocTojH 06JIHK cilioU1uHKa (06nHl.\H cilioili HUHa, o6ecilioiliHuHa, 'leU1upucU1oU1HuHa, Koje 6ene>KH Tep3Hn E. 1999: 125, y npaKcH ce He yn01pe6JbaBajy). 0.0: XUlbaoy, HacynpoT xpBaTcKoM U1ucy nUHa, U1ucynuHKa, He nOCTojH H3BeAeHHl.\a ca 3HaqeIbeM pa3nOMKa, Kao HH 0.0: MUIlUOH H BenHX 6pojeBa. OCTaJIe petIH C 6POjHOM OCHOBOM cy UpfJUHa ,OH0 liTO ce npBH nyr .o:ewaBa', OA Kap.D:HHaJIHOr 6poja jeoHuHa H 0.0: 36HP Hor o60juHa, o6a Kao rpaMamllKH TepMHHH.
O.n: DpHJlOWKHX OCHOBa cy MHOXUHa (.o:aHac 06HQHHje Kao rpaMa TH'fKH TepMHH Hero Y CBOM CTapHjeM 3HalleIbY 'MHOWTBO, MHor06poj HOCT'), KOIlU'IUHa, HeKOllulluHa (y CTaH,!{ap.D:Hoj ynOTpe6H npHMelbeHO CaMO
98
99
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CytjJHKCal.l.Hja
Ha lby)J,e; 3a
O)J, cpax, aJIH npe ne 6HTH )J,a je O)J, cpazuaK), iliY'be6UlIa (aKO je O)J, iliYlla a He O)J, cTapHjer iliYfb), Ba~e6Ulla (no CKOKY o)J, Typll.H3Ma 6.20a 'POK, Tep MHH'), 3e'leBUHa HT)J,. IlpHMepe 0)J, rnaronCKHX OCHoBa, nma UQlbe6UlIa, cpa~eBUlIa, UpOZUe6UlIa, He MOpaMO y3CTH Y 063HP, jep TY jOToBafbe noCTO jH Ben H y 'I'pnHOM rIpH)J,eBy. '
O)J, 3aMeHH'IKe OCHOBe je cBojulIa. CJlO)l(eHH Cy
1.65.6. -HHHa je H3)J,BojeHo H3 H3Be)J,eHHQa O)J, npH)J,eBa Ha -(a)lIJ-lI(U), THna cuiliuulIa, ZIlaBIIUlIa. 03Ha'laBa yrnaBHoM )J,a)l(6HHY HJlH HaKHa)J,y, CJIH'lHO CY
y 3aK)IUHUHa,
ilpuciliyi1l1uHa, YKOUIIUHa, OiliUpeMHUHa, lIajaMlIUlIa, UpeB0311U Ha, ilocpe6HUHa H CJI., peTKO 'IHCTe rJlarOJICKe OCHOBe Kao y YKfbUXlIUlIa, OcuzypHUlIa, aMory 6HTH H HMeHHQe Kao y KpBlIUlla (= KpBapUlIa, ' O)J,WTeTa 3a y6HjeHor') H UIIBaIlUOIlUlIa. C )J,PYK'lHjHM 3Ha'lelbeM cy KpeBeilillulIa H lIe KpeiliHUlIa, Koje CBpCTaBaMO no)J, oBaj CY
1.65.7. Cy
HT)J,., )J,aHac nOCToje jow caMO Kao HCTOPHjCKH TepMHHH.
1.65.9. Cy
1.65.9.1. H3Be)J,eHHll.e O)J, HMeHH'lKHX OCHOBa HM:UY BHwe pa3nH'lH THX 3Ha'lelba. Meljy Haj'lemnHMa je )J,PBO Kao rpalja, Hnp. opax06U1Ia, xpa cili06UHa, 6YK06u1Ia, jeA06UlIa, /leCKOBUlIa (/be-), Ope1l0BU1Ia, ja60p06UlIa, 6azpeMOBUlIa, cpa606u1Ia HT)J,. HeKe O)J, OBHX pe'lH cy y ynO'I'pe6H HaKO je OCHOBHa HMeHHQa je)J,Ba n03HaTa HJlH H He nOCTojH y cpnCKOM, Hnp. calloa /l06UlIa O)J, peTKOr call0all, iliUK06U1Ia O)J, eHm. teak, e6all06UlIa O)J, HTaJI. ebano (e6all je 3a6ene)l(eHO y PMC, aJIH Y CTBapHoj ynOTpe6H je caMO a60 1I0C). TaKBO je H 'laM06UlIa, MHoro palllHpeHHje Hero 3aCTapenH TYPll.H3aM 'laM (no PMC ''1aMOBO )J,PBO, jenoBHHa; yonWTe )J,PBO 'leTHHapa').
Ca HMeHOM )l(HBOTHfbe y OCHOBH 'H3Be)J,eHHQa 3Ha'IH Meco (3e'leBUUa, jap'leBUHa, COM06UlIa, iliYfbeBulIa) HnH Kp3HO (oa6po6UlIa, caMypo6UlIa); Kopfba'leBUlIa je Kopfba'lHHa Kopa, a MUZUe6Ulla MHllljH H3MeT. Ha npHcBoj HOM npH)J,eBY 3aCHOBaHO je 3Ha'leH>e BnaCHHlllTBa O)J,HOCHO Hacnelja, Kao y O'leBUlIa, 0(j)e006UlIa, a O)J,aTne H 3Ha'lelbe o6nacTH KOjOM ce ynpaBJba: qa peBUlIa, KPQlbeBUlIa, KlIe:JICe6UlIa, 6aIl0BUHa, oecuoiXiOBUHa. TIo:maTO je )J,a je THM nYTeM HaCTaJIO H HMe XepZlecOBUHa, a cnlfllHa cy HeKa )J,pyra reo rpa
(ceno) Koje je npHna)J,aJIO nH(;apy, KOjHM je ynpaJllbao nHcap"). Ca OBHM CY
100
KaKO Ka)l(e CKOK no,n O,n KJIacja'.
6c2, pa,nli Pa3JIIiKOBaHla O,n XOMOHHMa
101
Cy41HKClIl.\l!ja
Tsop6a pe'll! y eaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3l!KY OC
'60)).JI,HKa
1.65.9.2. H3Be)).eHHlle o,n rnaroJICKHX OCHOBa 3a,ll.ajy noce6He TeWf(O tie. Mana je )l{HBKoBHn, Ha nO'IeTKY MaJIO'IaC nOMeHyror pa)).a, TBp,nHO )).a je "HaCTaBaf( oeulla rrOCTao KOHTaMIiHaQHjoM, H TO 1) 0)). npH,ll.eBCKOr -oe H IiMeHH'IKOr -UHa HJIR 2) 0)). rJIarOJICKOr -oea H HMeHIi'IKor -una", CTBapli He cToje TaKO je)).HOCTaBHO. 0)). rJIarOJIa Ha -oeawu cy caMO wpzoeUHa, KyUO eUHa H ceewKoeUHa, 'IeMY MO)l(eMO Cpe3epBOM ,no)).aTH H MaJIO'IaC nOMeHY TO XJlaooeuna H Mupoeuna. YKOJIHKO CMaTPaMO )).a cy o,n HH4>HHIiTHBHe (a He 0)). npe3eHTCKe) OCHOBe, KO)). fbHX 6H Cy4>HKC 6HO -UHa. C ,npyre CTPaHe HMaMO UMoeUHa R i1leKoeuHa, Kao H BeliH 6poj HMeHIiI.~a Ha -eeulla THna zpalje6uHa, a HHje,nHa o,n HlHX HHje o,n rJIarOJIa Ha -oeawu HHTH Ha -eeai1lu. IIopeKJIo CerMeHTa -oe/-ee Y OBaKBHM pe'IIiMa oCTaje HejacHo. 1.65.9.3. UITo ce TH'Ie OCHOBe, OHa je licnpe,n -eeUHa YBeK je,nHaKa OCHOBH TPnHor npH)).eBa Ha -eH. (Yn. CJIH'IHY nojaBY KO)). IiMeHlilla Ha -lbe, 1.97). BepoBaTHo Hlije CJIY'IajHo WTO BeliHHa OBIiX H3Be)).eHHQa HMa naCHB HO 3Ha'IeHle rrpoli3Bo,na rnarOJICKe pa,nHle (nomen rei actae), Hnp. zpaljeeu Ha = OHO WTO je (ca)rpaljeHO. TaKo H weopeeUHa, U3paljeeuHa, upepaljeeu Ha,ywi1lelje6uHa,pywe6uHa, KfJ~eeUHa 'HCKp'IeH npOCTOp', 6palbeeUHa '3a 6paH', UU/be6UHa (KpoaTli3aM )).eJIHMH'IHO npHXBalieH H Y Cp6HjH), we~eeu na ('CTe'IeHa HMOBHHa', 0)). HCTor rJIarOJIa Kao weKoeUHa, C THM mTO OBa )).pyra HMa 4>HrypaTHBHO 3Ha'Ielbe 'nocTHrHylie, oCTBapeHle') HT,n. (JIa.tbe eUHa H upoweeUHa, MeljymM, 3Ha'Ie panlbY a He lbeH pe3YJITaT.)
1.65.10. -ABHH3. .l(aHac yrnaBHoM Y ZpMlbaeUHa Ge)).HHH CHrypaH npHMep 3a jOToBalbe), ellaoaeuHa, MO)ewaeuHa, ueiWbaeuHa, Y zpywaeuua (TaKolje zpyweeUHa, ZpywalluHa) 'yrpymaHo MJIeKO' H y nOHeKHM BpJIO peTKHM H3pa3HMa Kao cO)eKaeU1ta 'np06a.D., )l(Hralbe' IiJIH opxaeuua '6a wTRHa, noce))., HMalbe' .53 Pe'IHIiQH ra 6eJIe)l(e H Kao )).Y)I(Y BapHjaHTY CY4>HKca -aea, Hnp. y i1lyi.UlbaeUHa, 3eolba6UHa, 1l0MlbaeUHa, Me.tbaeUHa.
1.65.11. ·A'IHHa. PeJIaTIiBHO MaJI06pojHe HMeHHlle ca OBHM Cy4>HK COM ,,3HaQe rJIarOJICKY pa,nHlY C norp)).HHM npIi3BYKOM", KaKO K3)I(e Ea6Hli 1991 :249. 3Ha'Ielbe Pa.D.lbe je HnaK 6HTHHje, ,nOK nejopaTHBHocT npOH3JIa3H 1i3 caMe OCHOBe, YCJIe,n 'Iera CMaTPaMO ,na je Cy4>HKC HaCTao cnajalbeM areHTHBHor -a~ ca -una! (a He -UHa2). Y pe,nOBHoj ynOTPe6H ,naHac cy caMO upe.;uewa'tUHa, oi1lUMa'lUHa, cUpOa'lUHa, y3 )l(aproHcKo wa6a~UHa (y OPCJ: o,n i1la6awu 'Tylili') Ii onClleHO je6a'lUHa. HHCY BHme y061i'IajeHIi 1i3pa31i Kao oepa~una (',nepaHle KO)l(e', 4>lirypaTIiBHO 'OTHMa'IIiHa, nJI,a'IKa', TaKO
lje Kao CHHOHHM 3a oepa~a, Tj. ',npeKa, ranaMa'), 3azJleOa'lUHa 3azJleO, rne)).albe ,neBojKe npe npocli)).6e'), oOMei.Ua~uHa 'OJlMeTHHWTBO' H CJI. llo rOToBY cy PeTKH OHH KOjH cy 3Ha'iliJIIi TaKcy KIlIi HaKHa)).y, a Koje je HaBO )).HO MapeTHIi:\zpeja'luHa (zpu-) 'HoBau 3a rpejaHle', MO)epa~uua 'TaKca 3a Mepelbe', Mpw'ca~Ulla 'TPOlllKOBH caxpaHe' Ii CJI. 3a -owuua BH,ll.1i l.l 09.
1.66: AyrneHTaTHBHH Cy4>HKC -HHa 2 He H3a3HBa jOToBalbe. llaJIaTaJIH 3auHja je Kao H KO)). -UHa l : jYHa~UHa, je3U~UHa, Haue~ulla; 6piii1l0:JICUlla, Ka Jby:JICUHa; i1lp6ywUHa, MO)eWUHa; o,n If 3e'lUHa, opuil~UHa, ZIlYM'lUHa; 0)). 3 CaMO peTKO eUWe:JICUHa (c je)).HHM llHTaTOM y PMC: aJIH i1l0U)l3uHa 6e3 npo MeHe). O,n 601leci.U HMaMO 60llewwuHa (nope)). 60llewhUHa H 60IleW'lUHa). 1.66.1. Kao H CBH ayrneHTaTHBH, H OBH MOry cTeliH nejopaTHBHo 3Ha 'IeHle, aJIH yrnaBHoM CaMO y pe'lHMa r)).e OHO npOHCTH'Ie H3 OCHOBHe HMe HHlle, Kao y eOIlUHa, KO/bUHa, KJ'bycuHa, upocwa~UHa. I1Ha'ie ce 3a nejopa THBe KopHCTe CJIO)l(eHH Cy4>HKCH Koje 06paljyjeMo HH)I(e. C ,npyre CTPaHe, y HeKHM HMeHHllaMa ca 3Ha'ielbeM JI,y)).CKor 6Hlia ayrneHTaTHB MO)l(e CTeliH H nOXBaJIHO 3Ha'lelbe, Hrip. JbyoUHa Ka,ll. 3Ha'IH 'qOBeK )).OCTojaH )).HBJI,elba', ZIlYM'lUHa 'cjajaH rnYMall' ,jYHa'lUlta, uOWWelba'lUHa. 3a pe'lH Wa.tbU6'lUHa H HaUe'l.UHa CTeBaHoBHli 1964 1:525 KOHCTaTYje ,na ,,3Ha'Ie yrJIaBHOM HCTO lllTO H HMeHHlle Wa.tbU6alf H Hau6Ko". 1.66.2. liaKo rpaMaTH'IKH )l(eHCKOr po,na, -UHa ce y BeJIHKOj BeliHHH CJIyqajeBa )).o)).aje Ha HMeHHQe MYWKor po)).a. 0 pe,ll.OcJIe.ll.Y ,npyra )).Ba po)).a MHlliJl>elba ce pa3K1la3e. EpojeliH ayrneHTaTHBe y BYKOBOM Pje'lHHKY H y PMC, KHpmOBa 1988:45 je ymp,nHJIa )).a HX KO))' BYKa HMa 126 o,n HMeHHlla MYWKor po)).a, 101 0)). )l(eHCKOr H caMO 3 o,n HMeHHl1a cpe,nlber po,na; y PMC o)l.roBapajyliH 6pojeBH H3Hoce 272 3a MylllKH, 51 3a )l(eHCKH H 15 3a Cpe,ll.H>H po,n. CTeBaHoBHli, oneT (HaB. M.) TBP.nH )).a HajMaHJe H3Be,neHHlla HMa 0)). HMeHHQa )l(eHCKOr po,na, H TO 3aTO nrro ce 3a lbHX yrJIaBHOM KOPHCTH -emu Ha H ,npyrn CJIO)l(eHH Cy4>HKCH. KOJIHKO CMO MOrJIH ,na ymP)l.HMO, jt)l.HHH ,lJ;a Hac n03HaTH H y06H'IajeHH ayrneHTaTHBIi CHMeHHllOM )1(. po,na y OCHOBH je cy ollY.iUHa, 60llewwUHa H xpuoUHa (c THM llITO xpuo no PMC MO)I(e 6HTH H MYlliKor po)).a), a o,n HMeHHlla cpt)l.fber po,na caMO KJ'bycuHa54 • HecKJIa,ll. H3Meljy OCHOBe MylliKor po,na H HaCTaBKa )).OBO,nH )).0 KOJIe6a lba y po,ny H3Be)).eHH~e,· Ma,ll.a je TO KOJIe6aHle MaHle y CTBapHOCTH Hero y pe'lHHUHMa KHpliioBa 1988:47 je HaBeJIa npliMepe o)).pe,ll.HHlla Koje cy y S4 PMC 6enel!(H HMeCUIIQ, Cje.!lHHM l{l!TaTOM, /Cilyii'tUHa, c(j)elluHo,
S3 OBO je .!Ie41HHHl.\l!ja H3 PMC, nOTKpenn.eHa ea TpH l.\HTaTa. EHhe .!Ia je norpellJl!O MapCTHll. Ka.u.aje TIlP.!lHO (1963:316).!Ia 0P::HC06UHQ 3Ha'll! "eaesHjeM l!CTO•.. uno: .!IplKasa".
6pi)UHQ
l! :JICope
(julia 6e3 llllTllta. Peq MOM'tUIIQ He paqYHaMO, jep lie no cMHcny OHm OA MOMQK a He OA Ae
Ml!HYTltBa MOM'te.
102
TBop6a pe'lH Y caBpeMeHOM CpnCICOM je3HICY
PMC HJIH Y pe'lHHKy CAHY 03Ha'ieHe KaO MYWKe, Ma,na HM CJIe):te UHTaTH C aTpH6YTOM y :lKeHCKOM PO):ty (Hilp. ,.60jH.U'lUH.a M ... CHa:lKHa BOjI!H'lHHa"). Kao H qaMllap 1983:291-292, OHa 3aKJbY'lyje ):ta je IlpaBO CTaIbe CTBapH Ta'lHHje rrpHKalaO BYK (y 1.lHjeM pe'lHHKy rOTOSO CBe H3se):teHHl.{e Ha -UH.a HMajy 03HaKY :lKeHCKOr pO):ta) Hero HOBHjH neKCHKorpaqlH. 06a aYTopa yKa 3yjy H Ha CTeBaHOSHoa, KOjH Ka:lKe (HaB. M.) ):ta y3 Ilpase ayrMeHTaTHBe "cse IlpHJ1.eSCKe pe'lH cToje y :lKeHCKOM pO):tJ: Kpuma MOM'lUlla, 6eJlUKa jYlla'lUlta, cwma Ibyouna ..." qaMllapOB 3aKJbY'laK (CTp. 297) jecTe ):ta 1l0CTOjH "aIlCO JIYTHa TeH.l(eHn:Hja IlpeBoljelba y rpaMaTH'IKH :lKeHCKH pO):t".
1.66.3. Ca 3Ha'lelbeM JbY.l(CKHX 6Hoa Hajlj>peKBeHTHHjH IlpHMepH cy lbyouHa (pelje je 'l06[jje'lUlIa), MOM'lUH.a, jYH.a'lulla, 60jH.U'lUH.a, Celba'lUH.a, Zea'lUlla, iipocilia'luH.a, 0pUU'lUlla, uoWilielba'lUH.a, WQlbU6'lUlIa, H.aU6'lUita. O):t HMeHa :lKHBOTHlba, 60l1U1Ia H KOlbUHa ce IlpeTe:lKHO YiloTpe6Jbasajy Kao . Ilorp):te 3a Jby):te; peljH cy IlpaSH ayrMeHTaTHBH Kao 3e'lUH.a, jap'lUlla, Me0(0)eOUH.a, ):tOK UCUHa MO:lKe HMaTH H je):tHO H .l(pyro 3Ha'lelbe. He:lKHBe 1l0jMoBe 03Ha'lasajy 1l0CUH.a, 6pailiulla, ilip6YUlUlla, ilipyiiuH.a, peuuua, je3U 'lUHa, 1101l'lUHa, KOMaOUlIa, Kauyiliulla, wiliauuH.a, 06I1a'lUlIa, ol1yjUH.a, Kyiiy CUH.a, 60l1ewiliuHa HT.l(. H3 ayrMeHTaTHSHOCTH HJlH H3 llejopaTHSHOCTH 110 Her):te ce PalSHJIO HOBO Cllen:Hfj)H'lHO 3Ha'lelbe, Kao y ZIIaCUH.a 'OHO IUTO ce npH'la, rosopKaae', c(0)eifiulla 'rOMHna, pyJba', 3UOU1Ia '3HJ1. OKO rpa,na', 11pK6UH.a 'pymeBHHe, palBaJIHHe upKBe'.
CnO:lKeHH CyIj>HKCH:
1.66.4. -qHHa je CJIO:lKeHH CyIj>HKC, llepHHTerpHcaH 1f3 -UH.a ca OCHO BaMa Ha -K (Celba'lUHa,je3U'luH.a, 6y'lUHa) HnH Ha -11 (MywKap'lUlIa, Mazap 'lUH.a HT):t.). Po):tje, Kao H 06H'lHO KO):t osaKSHX cylj>lfKca, IlpeTe:lKHO MyIUKH 3a :lKHBa 6Hoa, :lKeHCKH 3a He:lKHBe 1l0jMoBe. CJIH'lHO Kao KO):t cylj>HKca -'le (1.137) x Ha Kpajy OCHose IlpenalH y W (KOxYW'lUlIa), HCTO 6HBa H ca 3
(6aKCJlUl'lUH.a), H3Y3eTHO H ca 11 y pe'lH 6pyliuw'lUila 'ayrM. O.l( BpyoHn:a'
OMOCHO ca cili y 60I1ew'lulla. OBe nocne):tlbe ):tBe pe'lH Morne cy HaCTaTH H
yKpWTaIbeM -'lUH.a ca -wiliulla y HCT03Ha'lHOM 6pyliuwiliulta, 60l1ewiliulla.
CyqlMKCauuja
103
:lKHBOr 3Ha'lelba MOry 6HTH ayrMeHTaTHBHe Kao K(1JI4UOII'IUlta (y HHKonHnc BOM pe'IHHKY), KaMell'lUlla, iiIIaIlUlt'lUHa, ilP030p'IUlIa. l
1.66.4.2. O.n npH.neBcKe OCHOBe je JI(lIj)elt'lulIa, a MO)f(JJ:a H tUaJbU6'lU ua H lIaU6'lUila (Ma.na CTeBauoBHI'l 1964 1:525 H3B0,l.1H npsy PC'I o.n UtalbU 6a11, .l(pyry o.n lIaU6KO, y KOM cJlY'lajy 6H CYQJHKC 6HO -UlIll).
1.66.S. -I-hHHa je .nBojaKor nopeKJIa: C ayrMeHTaTHBHHM -Iwa je cno )KeHO y paKu'IUlla (O.ll. pal
1.66.6. -EpHlla, ayrMeHTaTHBHH Cyfj)HKC, yo6H'IajeH je caMO y Kylie pWla. Pe'lHHIlH 6ene:lKe H 6poepulIa, lUlyiiepulla, ityiUepulla, KlbY'teplllla H cn., a C llaJIaTaJIH30BaHOM OCHOBOM aYUJ'tepulIa (= nywKcTHHa). 1.66.7. -YpHH8 je BeOMa IlJIo.naH ayrMeliTaTHBHH CycJ>HKC, C HeUlTO H3PalHTHjOM nejopaTHSHOM HHjaHcoM (TaKo Pa,nynoBHfl 1957: 11 0-111 06 jawIbaBa .l(a oaUt'lYPuH.a 3Ha'lH ,,0.n6a'lCHa, 'lBopyraBa H ):tenMMH'lHO Tpyna .lI.aCKa" H ,I.1a "MMa BHwe nejopaTHBHocTH y ce6M" Hero OaUt'leiliulla). Il>o HeTCKe aJITepHallHje y OCHOSH HCTe cy Kao KO.n cycJ>HKca -jpoa, M Kao H y TOM CJIY'lajy 06jaUllbasajy ce npeY3HMalbeM OCHOBe: BH.nH CTaKHn 1988 1:222-223; SH):tM H IberoBo 06jawIbefbe 3a 06nHKe MaUt'typUI/Q (OA Alacili) M KOW'lypwla (O.l( Kociu), KOjM no IbCMY HHCY HaCTaJIM aHaJIOrHjoM ca PY'lypuH.a, uiilu'lypulla Men., Hero YKpUlTafbeM ca 06nHl.{MMa ,'WW'IWW H KOUl'lUH.a.
THnM'lHM npHMepH 3a osaj CYQJHKC jecy uiliU'lYPUl/a, 3MUjypUlIO, ll16a6YPuH.a, Kfbuxypwla, 3zpaoypuua, 6paoypulIa, 600ypUH.a, l
jow .l(OCTa npHMepa Kao WTO cy 6a6ypuHa, C06YPUIIO, 1I0xypUlIa, PY'IYpu Ha, ilipa6ypuHa, xeHypUHa, Mecypuua, 60Jlelu'lYpwlO H cn., .naKJle 0,1.1 HMe HHl.{a 'lHjH cy ayrMeHTaTHBH 3HaTHO 06H'lHHjlf c ,I.1pyfHM CYQJHKCOM (6a6e mUlla, Hoxypoa HT.l(.).
104
\
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaSpCMeHOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
Cy<\lHKcaIUlj3
1.66.8. -l{ypHHa je MO)l(,l.\a caMO ceKYH,l.\apHa ayrMeHTaUHja O,l.\ -'lypa, 6Y,l.\ynH ,l.\a ra cpeneMo y pe'lHMa Kao MaW'lypuHa, KOW'lypUlla, 60/lew'lYpu Ha, /leH'lypuHa (/be-), Koje ce jaBJI,ajy H Y 06J1HKY Ha -'lypa (B. 1.126.1). I1rraK, Momo je HaCTaTH H O,l.\ -ypUHa, rrepHHTerpauHjoM H3 OCHOBe pe'lH THrra ilillu'lypUHa, oaW'lypUHa: 3aTO ra Kao aYTOHOMHH CYQJHKC TpeTHpajy nopHn 1981: 18, CTaKHn 1988' :223, Ea6Hn 1991 :250.
1.67.1. Ca HMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMa -Ulba je y HajBeneM 6pojy cJlY'lajeBa MOUHOHH CYQJHKC, H TO CKOPO yseK y3 OCHOBe Ha -K: jYHaKUlba, 6/lU31taKU
1.66.9. AyrMeHTaTHBHH CYQJHKC -eCHHa HMaMO y illO)e.neculla (r,l.\e je MO)l(,l.\a rrO,l.\CTaKHYT MHO)l(HHCKHM rrpoIIIHpelbeM y illO)e.neca), y peTKOM iloilecUHa H y /byoecuHa (OBO rrOCJle,l.\f:be Y pe'lHHKy CARY). 1.66.10. 3a -eWHHa, ayrMeHTaTHBHo-rrejopaTHBHH CYQJHKC, JIecKHH 1914:275, rr03HBajyhH ce Ha EeJlHna, HarrOMHlbe ,l.\a je MO)l(,l.la rrpey3eT H3 MaliewuHa < Maliexa. JaBJI,a ce caMO y MaJIOM 6pojy pe'lH H3 HapO,l.\HOr je 3HKa: MaillepewuHa, KliepewuHa, cecillpewuHa, xapillujewuHa, paKujewu Ha. ,[(pYK'IHjer rropeKJIa H 3Ha'lelba je cillapO)ewuHa « cillapejwuHa, O,l.\ HeKa,l.\aIIIf:ber KOMrrapaTHBa cillapejwu: B. JIecKHHa Ha c'Tp. 294 H CKoKa rro,l.\ cillap). r/la6eWUHa je BepoBaTHo HaCTaJlO rro aHaJlorHjH ca cillapO)ewuHa, M8,l.\a ra CKOK (s. v. ZIla6a) HaBO,l.\H caMO Kao ayrMeHTaTHB, y3 HarroMeHY "paIIIHpeHo ca -uHa".
1.66.11. AyrMeHTaTHBHH CYQJHKC -ywHHa y06H'IajeH je caMO Y Op/ly WUHa. Y3 TO ce jaBJl,ajoill y HeKOJlHKO pe'lH Kao MaZllYWUHa H 6OJeillpywu Ha (r,l.\e je 06H'IHHje -ywillUHa), cecillpYWUHa (rro PMC "ayrM. H rrej. O,l.\ ce CT{la"), 260:JICbywuHa (O,l.\ 260:JICba cpo MH., Kao 260:JICbYPuHa, B. rope). He crra,l.\ajy OBaMO KO:JICYWUHa (aymeHTaTHB O,l.\ KO:JICyX), HalHB 6HJI,Ke peily WUHa (O,l.\ peilyx) HHTH KOMYWUHa (O,l.\ maroJla KOMywaillll). 1.66.12. -YJLHHa, rrejopaTHBHo-ayrMeHTaTHBHH CYQJHKC, jaBJI,a ce np BeHCTBeHO Y illpa6)'/bUHa, HeiliTO pe~e Y 'lOp6y/bUHa H 3MUjY/bUita. PMC ,l.\0 HOCH jOill H C06y/bUHa, 6puill6y/bUlta, C naJIaTaJIH3aUHjoM 'l060)e'lY/bUHa H cillap'lY/bUHa. CTeBaHoBHn 1964':525 HMa'Kpa6Y/bUHa. 1.66.13. 3a -eillUHa BH,l.\H rro,l.\ 1.50; 3a -willuHa, -ywilluHa, -06willuHa BH,l.\H 1.143 H ,l.\a.n:.e. 1.67. 3a CYQJHKC -HILa MHorH aYTopH HCTH'IY ,l.\a ce O,l.\JlHKyje nOTIIy HHM O,l.\CYCTBOM rraJIaTaJIH3aUHje, jep je HMao TBP,l.\O bl. Ma,l.\a TO HHrrOIIITO HHje je,l.\HHH CYQJHKC CTaKBOM OC06HHOM, OB,l.\e OHa n8,l.\a y O'iH jep ce OCHO Be BenHHOM 3aBpillaBajy Ha -K, Ha -2 H rrOKaTKa,l.\ Ha -x. nopHn 1979:35, lllTaBHIIIe, Ka)l(e ,l.\a "CYQJHKC -Ulba HaJIalHMO rro npaBHJly Y cJlY'IajeBHMa r.ztie je nOTpe6Ho H36jenH cyrJlaCHH'IKe rraJIaTaJIH3aUHje". Y pe'lH KHe2U1ba '1aK je OCTaJIO npB06HTHO 2 Koje je cH6HJlapH30BaHO y pe'lH KHe3, IIITO CKOK TyMa'iH ,l.\ejcTBOM MeKor rroJlyrJlaca (KbHf2- + -b).
105
Iba, HeliaKUlba, 6pWlbaKUlba, 3eM1baKUlba, ilpocjaKulba, EOWlbaKUlba, ilp6a KUlba, /le6aKUlba (/be-), oeWlbaKUlba, ilOJewaKUlba, poljaKUlba Wope,l.\ '1e IIIner pobaKa), 20pwillaKUlba, UMelbaKUlba, opillaKUlba, 06020oU!ulbaKUlba (H ,l.\pyre Ha -20oUWlbaKUlba), [JO/baKUl&a (nope,l.\ [JO/bKUlba, r,l.\e je CYQJHKC -KUlba), C/l06aKUlba, rpKUlba, ilOJecHUKUlba, Kaillo/lUKUlba ('1eCTO y rrorpe IIIHOM 06J1HKY Kaillo/lKUlba), c6OJeOOKUlba H .npyre. C OCHOBOM Ha -x cy MOHaxUlba, qexulba, B/laxulba, Ha -2 KHe2Ulba H 602Ulba S5, ,l.\OK je C HeBe
JlapHHM 3aBpilleTKOM je,l.\HHa 06H'IHHja pe'l p06ulba. OCTane H3Be,l.\eHHue O,l.\ HMeHK'lKe OCHOBe HHCY 6pojHe H y f:bHMa cy QJHKC HeMa jacHo O,l.\pe~eHO 3Ha'lef:be: cupoillulba, :JICU60iuUlba, MWlocillulba, a6eillulba (= a6eill), ca 3Ha'lef:beM IIJIo,l.\a oyoulba (rrope,l.\ oyoulbKa), ZIlO2Ulba H CMpeKUlba. HeMOTHBHcaHO je 'leKUlba (rro CKOKY O,l.\ HCTOr KopeHa Kao 'le illuHa H 'leillKa, aJIH C He06jaunDeHHM K). Pluralia tantum cy 6a6ulbe (= 6a 6uHe, r,l.\e ce OCHOBa 6a6- Be3yje 3a rropo,l.\H.Jby, CJIH'IHO Kao y 6a6u!¥J H y npH,l.\eBy 36a6Ha 'Hocena') H 602Ulbe. OBa ,l.\pyra pe'l 06H'IHO ce TYMa'iH Kao '60JleCT O,l.\ Eora rrOCJlaHa' (Mapernn 1963:337); CKOK TBp,l.\H ,l.\a je HaCTana H3 HCT03Ha'iHOr HeMa'iKor Pocken, aJIH rrpH3Haje ,l.\a je MopaJIa ,l.\eJIOBam H pe'l 602, HHa'ie ce He 6H Morao 06jacHHTH rJlac 6 (a HH 2). Y HMeny Cillpaxu Iba CYQJHKC je MYIIIKor pO,l.\a H BepOBamo ,l.\PYK'IHjer nopeKJIa.
1.67.2. O,l.\ rrpH,l.\eBa cy ilycillulba, c6eillulba H ilpoKlleillulba (yn. H HMe JJ:pa2Ulba). 11 MeKUlbe, )I( MH., "rrpaCJlaBeHCKa H3Be,l.\eHHua" rro CKOKJ, ,l.\OJlalH O,l.\ npH,l.\eBa MeK, aJIH je II1ITalbe ,l.\a JlH ce MO)l(e cMa'TpaTH MOTHBH caHOM pe'ljy, 6Y,l.\ynH ,l.\a MelGllLe HHCy MeKH Hero HajTBp~H ,l.\eo )l(HTa. O,l.\ maroJla je caMO 6YKillulba. Kyxulba (rro CKOKY CTapa rr03ajMHua H3 HeMa'iKor) ,l.\aHaC ce He ocena Kao H3Be,l.\eHO O,l.\ rJlaroJla K)'xaillu, 6ap He Y Cp6HjH, r,l.\e rJlaroJl maCH KY6aillu H r,l.\e ce '1eCTO yrrO'Tpe6J1,aBa maCOBHO H3Mef:beHH 06J1HK K)'jHa.
1.67.3. CJlO)l(eHH CYQJHKC -KHlLa, ca HCTHM QJYHKUHjaMa Kao H -Ulba, HaCTao je HaJIerrJl,HBaf:beM OBor .npyror Ha CYQJHKC -jaK (MapeTHn ,l.\aje npH Mep EowlbaKUlba) HJlH Ha CYQJHKC -Ka (Hnp. ilpUMopKUlba = ilpUMopKa; CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:530 rrOMHf:be H CpilKa, KO,l.\ lberowa, Kao peTKJ BapH jaHry O,l.\ CpilKUlba). Morao je, HapaBHO, HaCTaTH H O,l.\ OCHOBa ca 3aBPWeT KOM Ha -K; aJIH nOWTO CMO 3a -ulba peKJIH ,l.\a My je cBojCTBeHo ,l.\a ,l.\OJla3H 55 ,[(au3C '1eCTH XPB3TCKH 06nHltH H3
-1I0ZUlba (CO/4UOIIOZUlba
H cn., BMH 636Hh
1991 :268) He nocroje y Cp6HjH, rile ce H 3lI lKeHe ynOTpe6Jb3113 CaMO MylliKH o6nHK. Y ~3'1KOM lK3prOHY je yo6H'I3jeHo 6UOIIOZU'lapKa H en. (BH)III
106
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM jC3lfKY
CY
Ha OCHOBe C BenapHHM 3aBpllIeTKOM, CBe pe'iH THna rpKUlba, iipocjaKUlba CBpCTaneMO no,ll. Taj CY
BaneBa, HaB. M., 6ene:am H Ee/lOpycKulba. KaeKacKuTUa. T.fepeJlIUUlKUfba. EypjaiUKulba H cn.). Y HOBHje BpeMe npollIHpWlO ce Ii POMKlllba YMeCTO TpaAHUHOHaJIHOr l{uzaHKa.
3a naJIaTaJIH3aUHjy HaJIa3HMO caMO ,lI.Ba-ipH He caCBHM cHrypHa npH Mepa, Kao CIIYWKUlba (npeMa CIIyza: aJIa Morno 6H 6HTH H O,ll. CIIyxuiUu, Kao oeopKUlba H CJI.), T01IU"lKUlba (
1.67.3.1. Y orpoMHoj BenHHH cnY'iajeBa -KUlba je MOUHOHH Cy
107
\ Y MaJIOM 6pojy pe'iH -KUlba HHje MOUHOHO, jcp My OCHOBa HHjC HMe HHua ca 3Ha'ielbeM MylliKapua. Dope,ll. nen nOMcHYTHX JlfOOUCKUTbll, coilpa lIuciUKUTUa H aAiUuCiliKUlba TY cna,ll.ajy 11 cucjJpaxefftKUTM (0)(
1.67.3.2. O.ll. rnaroncKe OCHOBe cy OojKUltJa, oeopKUlba, lIepoiIiKUlba (y3 pel)e pOiUKUTUa 'EeHa Koja MOEe .lI.a pal)a' H iipeopoUtKUlba = iipeopofftKa), YCKO"lKUlba (=:: YCKO'lHUlla, '.lI.eBojKa Kojaje YCKO'iHJIa', lj. o,ll.6erna CMOMKOM). He cna.ll.ajy y je3H'iKH CTaH,lI.ap,ll. 06nHt(H Kao tueCllaec(iU)KlIIba, OCaM llaec(iU)KUlba, Koje neorpal)aHH y rOBopy 'ieCTO ynOTpc6JbaBajy 3a B03HJla rpa.ll.CKOr ca06panaja, YMecTo KlbH:lKeBHOr tueCllueciUUlla HT.lI..
t .67.4. 3a -oiUwtJa BH.lI.H LlIO. 1.68. -MILe, y HeKHM pelJHMa KpaTKO -Ulbe, .lI.Ona3H ca 36HpHHM 3Ha lJelbeM y3 HMeHH'iKe OCHOBe, Kao y 3e(j)epulbe, Uatu'lUlbe (y PMC ,,36. HM. O.ll. ilaw"le", npeHeTO H3 BYKoBor Pje'iHHKa 6e3 UHTarn), ep6ulbe (; ep6Jbe), y3 npM.lI.eBCKe OCHOBe y xellcKUlbe, MYUlKUlbe,jaAOeWbe 'CBC lllTO je jano BO, jaJIOBIl,H H janoBHue', a Y3 rnaronCKy y paciiiUlbe (pcl)e paCIIUlbe, O.ll. pa.ll.flor npH.lI.eBa: yn. cnOBeHalJKO rastlina). Mapemli jc nOMHlbao Ii Tono flHMe l{eiUuTUe, Jby6ulbe, Tpe6uTbe, 'ieMY MOEeMO ,lI.O.ll.aTM H rYCUlbe H He eeCUTUe, aJIH Ta HMeHa cy yrnaBHoM neMOTHBHCaJ:la.
-up.
1.69. Cy
108
CY<»HKcaUHja
TBop6a pe'lll y caapeMeHOM CPIICKOM je3HKY
109
pe'lHHKa IfBeKoBHha-lip03a, 3aHHMJbHBa je CaMO KaO OCHOBa rnarona yc OKpl:beHOM OCHOBOM) uiliuli. Mna,ne 6HJbKe o:ma'laaajy xpaciliuli, 6opuli, 6peciliuli, na TaKO H o,n HMeHHll,a )1(. po,na 6YK6II1i, 6pe3uli, Ul.lbu6uli,jacu'luli ilIlaxupuiliu (aKO je TO). CKOK noon ilIlea Ka:lKe ,naje ,,-up aHaJIOrHjcKH npeMa
li cn. (B. MapeTHli 1963:328, CTeBaHoBlih 19641:542). • lteMUp", 1llT0 je y O'lHrJIe,nHOM HeCKna,ny C aerOBOM o,npe,nHHll,OM -up, r,ne
\ (HaBo,neliH TaKo~e ilIlaxup, y3 uaciliup H 600Up) Ka:lKe,na je TO "BeOMa pHje 3Ha'lee,e nOTOMCTBa, a y IllHpeM cMlicny 1I0peKJIa, liMaMO npe CBern y \ ',naK CBecnaB. H npacnaB. (-yrb) Cy$liKC 3a nomina agentis". 6pailiuli H cecilipuli, y3 TO Y ,npyrHM, ,naHac peRHM H3palHMa Kao yoo6U'luli
1.70. -1I1i (-uli) je no CBOjOj OCHOBHOj $YHKJ:(HjH ,neMliHYTHBHH cy $HKC, ,naJIeKO HajBa)KHlijH TaKaB Cy$HKC y MYWKOM po,ny. liaJIaTaJIli3yje ce K (lja'luli, UOiliO'lUn, Wlalt'luli) aJIH nocne .npyror cyrnacHHKa naJIaTaJIH3a ll.Hja'leCTO H30cTaje: oe'lKUIi (yn. o[j]e'la'luli), uapKUIi, MyUlKUIi. CnH'IHO 3a z: 6paxuli, Kpyxuli, K06'lexuli, aJIH M03ZUIi, a nOHeKa,n oCTaje Benap H
nocne BOKaJIa (6ozuli, 2Ilozuli y PMC). Ca x HMaMO KOXYUlUIi, M[jjeUluli,
aJIH y HOBHje BpeMe ciliuxuli li cilipaxuli. iJ ce YBeK naJIaTaJIH3yje (3e'luli,
.Ilucu'luli, 6[jjeHiluli, ciliap'luli), 3 CaMO Y Kltexuli (r,ne je ,nHjaxpoHlijcKH o,n
z: yn. HacynpoT TOMe 603uli, M.Ila3uli, o6pa3uli).
II
'y,nOBli'lliH CHH', eojeoouli 'BOjBO.lUm CliH', KYhuIi "IOBeK H3 ,n06pe KYhe', '1eMY MO)KeMO npliKJbY1.JliTH H A1n.e'luli 'MnC'IaHHH' .nHjaxPOHHjCKli 6H OBaMO cna,naJIli H ilIleMuli (o,n ilIleMe) H Bo:JlC1l1i, 3a Koje je MapeTHh 06ja Illl:baBao: "ynpaao CliH lio)KjH, na ce TaKO 30Be ,naH poljeaa l:beroBa".
,lJ;pyre BpcTe CeMaHTH'IKHX nOMepal:ba HIIllMO y HalHBHMa nTHll,a lIa puli li Kpatbuli, y HalHBY 6HJbKe Kapa1l(pUlluli, y K)'Muli (= K)'M"le), H06'luli 'KOMa,n MeTaJIHOr HOBll,a', paxlbuli, 2Ila6uli 57 H jOIll nOHeKoj pe'lH. Pu6uli H MUUlUIi cy nYTeM HCTe MeTa$ope ,n06HnH aBaTOMCKO 3Ha'lel:be (HCTO ce ,noro,nHnO y naTHHCKOM, r,ne je musculus ,neMBHYTHB o,n mus 'MHW'), aJIH ,nOK ce y npBoj pe'lH jOIll ocelia Be3aHOCT 3a HIIeHHI.IY pu6a, MUlUUIi 'MaJIH 1.70.1. ,lJ;eMliHYTliBH ce rpa,ne yrnaBHOM o,n HMeHHll.a MYIllKor po,na,
MHIll' H MUUlUIi. 'MycKyn' ,naHac ce 1penfpajy Kao ,nBe palnli'lHTe, XOMO je,nHaKo 3a Jby,nCKa 6Hha ('lo6[jje'luli, oe'lKUIi, MOM'luli, ciliap'luli, MyUlKap
HHMHe neKceMe. 'luli, iliPZ06'luli, ~a'luli, 'lUH06HUiluli liT,n.), )KHBOTlie,e (KOIbUIi. uculi, MU
1.70.3. HapaBHo, HajwHpy npliMeHy 3Ha'leae nOTOMCTBa HMa y npe Ululi. u[jJeili.lluli. IfP6UIi, pa'luli, uyxuli, Mpa6uli, .Ileuiliupuli HT,n.:
3liMeHliMa. He ynalehH y ,neTaJbe KojHMa he ce 6aaHTH aH1ponoHoMaCTHKa, o[j]eili.nuli je, 6ap y Cp6Hjli, caCBHM nOTHcHyno npB06liTHO o[j]eiliao) H 3a
HanOMeHHMO caMO ,na ce npe3HMeHa Ha -uli HajJlehHM ,nenOM H3Bo,ne o,n My He)KHBe nojMoBe: upciliuli. 6pailiuli, Itoculi, peuuli, 3y6uli, KlbYltuli, 2Ilaculi.
IllKHX liMeHa Ha -a (HUKO.lluli, MeKculi, MUIleIMuli, Kociliuli. JIYKuli, J06U ciliy6uli, Uliliauuli, KlbY'luli, 'l6opuli, KOMaouli, olj)etluli, UleUlupuli, Kauy
'luli, BYKOiliuli liT,n.), o,n OHHX Ha -a/-o (Jo6uli, lf6Uli, JIa3uli, JIeKUIi, Taculi, iliuli, KauUluli, cailiuli, uaKeiliuli, uauupuli, .Iluciliuli, x6yltuli, cnouuli, ilia
Baculi, llepuli, PUciliuli, CUMun, F.IlUUlUIi, llaldfiuli. Ca6uli, iJ6ujuli, Bajuli, Ibupuli, iliMaculi, e(j)eilipuli, M(j)exypuli, Mociliuli, epiliuli, zpaouli, 6poouli
nOKUIi, nypuli, Pajuli. 1iupuli. TOMUIi HT,n.) UH o,n )KeHCKliX HMeHa (Ma H MHOrH ,npyrli. O,n )KeHCKHX liMeHlill,a npaBHx ,neMHHYTHBa Ha -un rOTOBO
puli, Kailiuli, MUIiUIi, Paouli, Ilaeuli, Pyxuli, iJ6{uHeiiiuli, Buouli, lby6u ,na HeMa: 06nHll.H jaMuli, KAaouli, Kauuli, uapuli, .IlY.lluli, Koje HaBo,nH CTeBa
HOBHIi 1964 1:542, Kpaje,e cy Hey06H'IajeHli. 3a 2Ila6uli, pu6uli, .Ilucu'luli
'luli, POKcanouli liT,n.). HHcy MHOro pacnpoClpal:beHa npCSliMeHa o,n My HT,n. BH,nli cne,neliH o,neJbaK.
IllKliX HMeHa Ha cyrnacHHK, THna Ileilipuli, HellQouli,jep ce 3a aHX no npa BHny KOPHcm cnO)KeHH Cy$HKC -o6uli/-eeuli. O,n Ha,nHMaKa "nH npe3HMeHa O,n HMeHHJ:(a cpe,naer po,na y06H'IajeHo je nnypaJIHO -uliu, KaO 3aMe
C TypCKliM Cy$HKCOM -.Iluja CTBopeHa cy npe3llMeHa KaO Capaj.lluli, IlalUa Ha 3a npaBy MHO)KliHY, KOjy OBe liMeHlill,e '1eCTO HeMajy. To ce npe CBera
.Iluli, KpJl(J.fluli, 1iyilpU.lluli, CiliaM6o.lluli "cn. (IIH,nH MapKoB 1957:163),00 O,nHOCH Ha MJIa,ne o,n )KliBOTHILa, Hnp. uUlluliu, jazlbuliu (B. CTaHojqHh-IIo
cpe,ncTBoM liCTor Ca:lKHMal:ba Kao y H.Ilujuli > Hnujli > !f.Iluli (a BepOBaTHO" nOBHh 1999: 148), japuliu, ua"luliu, 2)'Ul'luliu, upaculiu, Ma'luliu, KY'luliu,
ilietluliu, Me'luliu. TaKo ce nOHawajy H HeKli ,neMHHYTliBH Ha -'le ca 3Haqe
y MU.Iluli, Anopuli). l:beM Jby,nli (yltYiluliu, MOM'luliu, cupo'luliu, iJuzaH'luliu) " nOHeKa HMeHHll,a
1.70.4. O,n npB06HTHor ,neMHHYTHBHor ma'leILa HajBHIlle cy ce y,na cpe,nl:ber po,na Ha -e Kao oYZMuliu, 6ypuliu. If3Y3eTHo, nOHeKli o,n THX 06nH
JbHJIe noje,nHHe pe'lH H3 $aMHJIHjapHor roBOpa li cneHra, pacnpoC1paH>eHe Ka MOry ce npeHeTli H y je,nHHHy, Kao japuli HnH oYZMuli.
nocne,nl:bHX ,nell,eHHja. .no ca.na ce aHMa 6aBHoje,nHHO liyraPCKH y ,nBe CBO
1.70.2. lli ,neMliHyTHBHor npHpo,nHO ce pa3BHja 3Haqel:be MJIa,nYHll.a
HJIli nOTOMKa. TaKO 3a )KHBOTHl:be, nope,n MaJIOqaC Haae,neHHX nnypaJIHHX
npHMepa, HMaMO .Ila6uli, 6Y'luli, Meoe(j)eouli, op.lluli, COKo.lluli H cn., nOHe
Ka,n " o,n )l(eHCKliX HMeHHll,a Kao Y.llucu'luli. 'la6'luli, 3Mujuli, zyjuli HnH (ca
je cTy,nHje, 1997 (Ha C1p. 120) H 20012 (Ha CIp. 61). Cy$HKC OB,ne npaK 57 PMC ra ,tIe<»HllHme 'M3JIa maDa; oKpyrJlH ,tIeo He'fera (0.0. wH6Hl.\a, Ha 'fHOAH H .D.p.)', 3JIH YCJle.o. yo6H'fajeHe CTlfAJhHBOCTH He 1l0MHILe IIlIj'fewhe, BHlITOMCKO 3Ha'lelbe.
111
TBop6a pe,!1{ y caBpeMeHOM epllCKOM je:lHl
Cyq)HKcalUfja
TIf'lHO HeMa )l.pyror 3Ha'leILa OCHM aq,CKTHBHOr H30611H'IelLa Kpaja PC'IH Koje je H HHa'le maBHO 06cJIe)!(jc )!(aprOHCKOr pcmcTPa.
)l.aBalLeM Beli rOTOBor HaCTaSKa -'lUli Ha OCHOBHC HMCHHue". MapKoB 1960~242-244 CJIa)Ke ce COBHM T)'Ma'lelLeM, aJIH )l.O)l.aje H .llPym MorynH H3 sop - )l.CMHHymse Ha -'le, ,,'1HMe je KOHTaMHHau:HjOM ca -uli )l.06HjCH HaCTa saK -'luli\'. OH HaBO)l.H npHMepe Kao 'lo6aIl'luli 'lo6aIl'le), zOllyU'luli, Cpu 'luli, Katlyfjep'luli, eKcep'luli, <jJelbep'lufi, zpYMell'luli, Up03op'luli H )l.pyre.
110
MOTHBHe pe'lH cy npeTC)!(HO CTpaHOr nopCKJIa, H3pa3HTO )!(aprOHCKe, 06H'IHO ca OKplLeHOM OCHOBOM, KaO y xOMuli (XOMOCCKCYaJIau:), atlKuli (aJI KOX01lH'Iap), lIapl
1.70.5. M3BeCTaH MaH.H 6poj pe'lH H3Be)l.eH je H3 IlPH)l.CBCKC OCHOBe, 6e3 )l.eMHHYTHBHOCTH y 3Ha'lCa,y. Ha JbY)l.e ce O)l.HOCe M.Ilaouli, CIla6uli, Kao H )l.aHaC 3aCTapeno HJIH pemOHaJIHO MytUKUIi H ::>ICellcKuli. O)l. 6HJbHHX Ha 3HBa TY CIla)l.ajy 30pa6uli H /byiliuli, O)l. )KHBOTHILCKHX CIleuuli (Clbe-). rna roncK)' OCHOSY MopanH 6HCMO npe-rnOCTaBHTH y pe'lH upumli 'cHTaH H CyB cHer'. O)l. IlpHnora je uOlzuli 'cy)l. O)l. Il01la 1IHTPa', Ma)l.a ra CKOK IlpHKalyje Kao )l.eMHHYTHB O)l. HeKaJJ.awa,c HMeHHu:e UOII 'n01l0BHHa'. CnO)!(eHH Cyq,HKCH:
1.70.6. -qHIi, CnO)!(eHH )l.eMHHYTHSHH Cyq,HKC, q,YHKU:HoHHwe Kao q,oHeTCKa sapHjaHTa O)l. -uli: IlO pe'lHMa CTeBaHosHlia y 1952 1:7, "Hje)l.aH H )l.pyrH HaCTaSaK •.. )l.ajy nOTnYHO HCTO 3Ha'leILe HMeHHuaMa Koje ce H.HMa H3S0)l.e". Osy TBp)l.a,y HnaK T}le6a y611a)KHTH HanOMeHOM Kojy )l.aje nopHIi 1981: 16: -'luli je CKOPO HCKJbY'lHBO )l.eMHHYTHB, )l.OK je -uli BHWe3Ha'lHO, KaO WTO nOKa3yjy 6pailiuli, iiIleMuli, npe3HMeHa Ha -uli H )l.pyrH IlpHMepH. CTesaHosHIi y nOMeHYTOM paJJ.Y (C'rp. 7-19) 06jawa,asa)l.a je -'luli MO rno HaCTaTH O)l. paHHjHX H3Be)l.eHHua Ha -alf O)l.HOCHO -aK Ka)l.a cy osa )l.sa cy q,HKca (HapO'lHTO npBH) H3ry6HJIa )l.eMHHymBHO 3Ha'lelLe: KaMeN'luli O)l. Ka Mellalf, XIleU'luli O)l. XIle6alf, 06paUl'luli O)l. 06pa3alf, KIlull'luli O)l. KIlullalf, ciliO'luli O)l. ciliollalf, 6y6peUl'luli O)l. 6y6pe::>ICaK, 80'luli O)l. 601laK, cUII'luli O)l. CUllaK, KOpeN'luli O)l. KOpeNaK H TaKO )l.aJbe. KacHHje je, HapaSHO, )l.e1l0sana aHanomja, na cy )l.eMHHYTHBH Kao Ka3all'luli H1IH Kaiillap'luli "carpaljeHH )l.0
¢lOHeTCKe IlpOMeHe cy yrnasHoM HCTe Kao 3a -'le (B. 1.137). To 3Ha<1H )l.a UI HCnpe)l. cyq,HKca MO)!(e HaCTaTH O)l. -x (opaUl'luli, ilip6ytU'luli, KO::>ICY UI'luli), O)l. -z (poUl'luli), O)l. -c (y6pytU'luli, llOilieUl'luli) H O)l. -3 (KNeUl'luli, MUpaUl'luli, uepopeUl'lufi). - T ce ry6H y pe'lH Ulezp'luli, a -0 y ZOcUO'luli (no pe)l. '1ewner ZOcuoou'luli) H y Eeozpa'luli (KOjC HeMa )l.eMHHymsHO 3Ha'lC H.e: PMC ra )l.eq,HHHwe caMO Kao 'EeorpaljaHHH' O)l.HOCHO 'oHaj KOjH je H3 HeKor ccna y HCIlOCpe)l.Hoj OKonHHH EcorpaJJ.a'). -K cc qysa y ~aK'luli H 6PK'luli (nope)l. ~a'luli, 6p'luli, r)l.e je Cyq,HKC -uli).
1.70.6.1. HHa'le ce -'lufi HajpaJJ.Hje cnaja C OCHosaMa ca 3aBpWeTKOM -N (cilialt'luli, oyfiaN'luli, peCiliOpaN'luli, upCiliell'luli, 3801l'luli, Ka3all'luli, 8aZON'luli, a8UON'luli HT)l..), -II (aNfje.tl'luli, fja601l'luli, aMpe.tl'luli, ayiliOMo 6U1l'luli, Ululbe.tl'luli) H -j (ilipaM6aj'luli, 3a.tlozaj'luli, zyiW'baj'luli, 3a8e::>lC/baj 'luli, oozafjaj'luli HT)l..). ll1TO ce THqe OCHOBa Ha -p, Meljy lLHMa npeOBJIaljy jy HalHSH JbY)l.H, r)l.e )l.CMHHYTHS )l.06Hja y06H'lajeHo CCKyH.!l:apHO 3HaqelLe HHIlO)l.aWTaSalba HJlH ca)!(aJbelLa: ll08UlIap'luli, uporjJecop'luli, o<jJuIfUP'luli, Kaiillap'luli, KO)l. Ea6Hna 1991:192 (y IlpHMepHMa H3 Ka,H)KeSHoCTH) 6eaM iliep'luli, Majop'luliu, flpociliu uucap'luli H cn. HHjc jacHo )l.a JIH je CTaKSHM 3Ha'lCILCM ynoTpc6JLCHO H Ilucap'luli y KO'lHnCSOM "JalaBQY npc)l. cy )l.OM", 6Y)l.yIiH )l.a HHje y06HqajeHo )l.a ce aq,eKTHBHa H3Se)l.eHHu:a ynOTPe6H Kao HalHS nHua Y n030pHWHOM KOMaJJ.Y. 1.70.7. )leMHHymsHH Cyq,HKC -u'IHIi HMaMO npBeHCTBeHo y zOcUoou 'luli, y3 TO Y 6Itacilie.nu'luli H y MaJIO y06HqajeHHM 03HaKaMa CpO)l.CTSa, ce cilipu'luli (no PMC ')!.HM. O)l. CecT}lHn' HnH HCT03HaqHO ca ceCiiipuli), 3ao 8u'luli, 0(j)e6epu'luli. I10CTaHaK cyq,HKca HHje caCSHM jacaH, jep CKOK no)l. oje6ep H no)l. zocfloo TSP)l.H )l.a je -u'luli HaCTaJIO )l.HCHMHJlaUHjoM O)l. YABO jeHor AeMHHYTHBHor cyq,HKca -uliuli; no)l. -ii'l, HaIlpoTIfB, cMa-rpa Aa je no cTojao Aesep6an (zociioiJu'l O)l. zociioouiliu ()l.aKJIe Kao 600U'l Hen). TpeJia MOryJiHOCT je )l.a jc cecilipuliuli H 3a06U'luli HaCTaJIO O)l. ceCiiipulfa OAHOCHO 3a06ulfa, anH je MaJIO BeposaTHo Aa 6H ce TaKaB Cyq,HKC npeHeo H Ha OCHO se OA HMeHHua MYlIJKOr pO)l.a.
1.70.8. -OBuli/-eBuli je CaCTaBJbeHO OA npHcBojHor npHAescKor cy q,HKca H )l.eMHHYTHBHor -uli, OAaKJIe 3HaqeILe CHHa OAHOCHO nOTOMKa. Haj WHpy npHMeHy HMa y npe3HMeHHMa. OHa ce H3BOAe H3 MYlIJKHX HMeHa ca 3aBpWeTKOM Ha cyrnacHHK (J06aH06uli, Ileilip06uli, DOZOa1l0lfUIi, MaKCU M06UIi, MUIlOUle8uli, Paou'le6uli HTA.), OA OHHX Ha -0 HJIH Ha -e (MapK08uli,
112
Tsop6a pe'lll y CaSpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je311KY
113
Cyq)l!Kcaullja
EpaHK08un, lla6ll06Un, 13oplje6un, MUlloje6un HT~.), Q):t XHnQKQPHCTHKa Ha Hy (pMC ~aje ~Ba UHTaTa, Q~ KQjHX je~aH Ca):tP)KH 6paiIl.e MOj opaz08uliy a
-0 (BacOfJUIi, J0806UIi, Pao08uli HT):t.) HJIH Q~ aneJIaTHBa (llOU06UIi, K06a ):tpym opaz06uliy MOj). TO'Me MO')KeMQ ):tQ):taTH):tBa perHO'HaJIHa nejO'paTHBa,
'le8ulf, KHe:JICe6Un, KaueiIl.aH06uli, MajciIl.op08uli, BUiII.(!306UIi, OPfl06UIi H iiozaH08uli 'nQraH 'iQBeK' H, Q~ KQMnapaTHBHe OCHO'Be, zpljeeuli, y PMC
CJI.). Kact-. H y npHCBQjHO'M np~eBy, O'B~e nQCJIe npe~lbQHenqaHQl cylJIa
~ecpHHHCaHO' 'CHH pljaBQr Qua, pljaB, JIO'ill 'iO'BeK': a£O'UHjauHja je BepO'BaT
CHHKa ~QiU13H -e (MUllowe8uli, 13oplje8uli, K08a'le8UIi H CJI.), a nO'CJIe
HO' Ha HeKH H3pa3 KaQ 00 3Jla o14a u 00 zplje MajKe.
HanHO'r 8 -e8un nQCTaje -.fbe8Un (PaOOCa8.fbe6UIi, JaK08Jbe6un). TO' HnaK He Ba)KH 3a XHnO'KO'PHCTHKe Ha -0, KQjH HMajy np~eB EOX06 H CJI., na QTy~a H npe3HMeHa mace EO:JIC08UIi, rflUW08un, MUlU06UIi, Paw06uli, Muj06uIi
1.70.8.3.
\
3aMeHH'IKY QCHO'BY HMajy pe'lH KQjJfMa ce H3pHqe nO'BO'JbaH
HJIH HenO'BO'JbaH cy~ 0' He'iHjeM nO'peKJIY HJIH O'CO'6HHaMa. Y KlbH)KeBBO'M je3HKY TO' je HUKOZ06uli (6y.KBaJIHO' ~ nO'TO'MaK llUKOZa' > 'IO'BeK H3 JIO'me nO'
HT):t., HCTHHa y~ ~O'CTa O'~CT)'I1alba: ,l(paxe8un, Mun08un u Mune8uli, llajo PO'~Hue'
>
'JIO'm qO'BeK, HHTKO'B'). Y upHO'rO'PCKHM Hape'ijHMa HMaMO' nO'
6un H llaje6un H CJIH'iHO'. IIO'cJle cpHHanHO'r -p HaHJIa3HMO' Ha HCTa KO'JIe6a 3HaTO' 'lezoeuli (nO' CKO'KY, s. v. KO (I), O'~ 'leZ08, mro je "ncey):tO'eKaBH33M" lba KaQ y npHCBQjHO'M np~eBy: lleiIl.p08uli, OMep06un, JI03ape6uli, AflqJU O'~ '1u(je)Z08, a O'BO' O'):t 'luju ca 3aBpmeTKO'M H3MelbeHHM npeMa fbe(06). Ca pe8un, KOflap06uli u KOflapeeun, HT):t. HCTHM 3Ha'ielbeM HMaMO' H KOZ08Uli (y ByKO'BO'M Pje
1963:329
0pA06un, 'l80pK06un, KOC06UIi, 0p03z06un (ynOTjle6HJ1H 6H ce O'6H'iHH ~eMH MYTHBH THna opfluli). 113 KlbH)KeBHOCTH cy n03HaTH KOfleHoeun (-.fbe-) H o,¥a K08un KaO' Ha3HBH 3a 'iO'BeKa H3 cTape H yrne):tHe nO'PO'~HIl.e. OcTane H3Be~e HHlJ;e cy H3pa3HTO acpeKTHBHe. TO' cy cpenK06uli (O'~ cpeliKo, aJIH jO'ill npe O'):t HMeHa CpeliKo O):tHOCHO npe3HMeHa CpeliK06un 6yKBaJIHO' npOTyMa'leHHx), lleCpeliK06uli HJIH HeCpenllUKoeuli (pMC 6eJIe)KH CaMO' O'BO' ~pyrO'), 3aTHM MajK06un 58 CMaj'iHH CHH' > 'jyaa'lHHa') H 6pajK06uli, KO'jH ce yrJIaBHO'M ynO'TPe6JbaBajy Y BO'KaTHBY, KaO' H HH3 H3Be~eHHIl.a o~ HMeHHIl.a Ha -fbaK. Mefjy lLHMa je pe'l UaMeiIl.fbaKoeun rOTOBO' nO'mYHO HCTHCH)'JIa npBO'6HTHO' iiaMeiIl.fbaK, lleciioc06fbaK06un je 'iemlie HerO' Hecuoc06fbaK, ~OK cy O'CTaJIe (UOK8apefbaK08un, upeupeoefbaK06un, HecupeiIl.fbaK08un, CMeiIl.efbaK06un, uowiIl.efbaK06uli H ):tp.) HCT03Ha'iHe ca OCHOBHOM pe'ijy (UOK8apefbaK HT):t.), aJIH pefje. Pa3JIHKa je CaMO' y HemTO ja'iO'j acpeKTHBHOCTH, KO'ja 6e3 CyMlbe npQH3JIa3H H3 npBQ6HTHO'r naTPOHHMCKor 3Ha'ielLa CYCPHKca: iiOK6apefbaKO
TO'rO'BHIi T. j. HHje 3a Taj nO'caO'''.
1.70.8.4. O):t npHJIO'ra je cKopoje8uli, r):te 6H CYCPHKC CPO'PMaJIHO 6HO' -je8uli. Pe'l je, MefjYTHM, BepO'BaTHO' nO'CTaJIa O'):t CTBapHO' nO'crojelier HMeHa CKopoje (KO'):t M. fpKO'BHIi) O'):tHO'CHO' npe3HMeHa CKopojeeuli (y pe'IHHKY JA3Y: B• .Ea6HIi
1991:195),
KO'je je 3aTHM HaKHa,lUIO' ~O'Be~eHO' y Be3Y C
npHnO'rO'M CKOpO.
1.70.8.5.
Ca HMeHHUOM XJle6 y ~pyroM ):teJIY PMC 6eJIe)KH npecpHK
CaJIHO'-CYCPHKCaJIHY TBO'peHHIl.Y 6eCXJle608UIi (-X/be606uli) 'CHPO'Max' H cnO' )KeHHIl.e ,¥a6aXJle608UIi (-X/be60euli) 'J,Ia6ane6apom' H cKopoXJle60euli
(-X/be608uli) 'CKO'PO'jeBHIi'. He perHCTPyje HajO'6H'iHHjy O):t CBHx,Ae3UIIe60 8uli, aJIH je HMa pe'lHHK CAHY.
1.71. Ca CYCPHl(COM
-un, npBO'6HTHO' ):teMHHyrHBHHM, ):taRac cy yO'6H
'IajeHe CaMO' ):tBe-'rpH pe'lH: ljyp~u14 'ljypljeBaK', 13yp~u14 'jecelbH npa3HHK CB. 'Dyplja', KOfbUq KaO' neCHH'IKH H3pa3 3a KO'lba, TaKO'lje y 30O'JIO'IllKHM Ha 3HBHMa 8U11un KOfbuq (HHCeKT) H MOPCKU KOfbU14 (HJIH KOfbUIi; HipPO'cam pus); jO'W HeKa 3HatJeaa 3a KOfbU14 6ene)KH PMC. 3aCTapeJIH H yrnaBHO'M
8uli je He CaMO' nO'KBapeH HerO' je H CHH O'~HQCHO' nQTOMaK iiOK8apefbaKa,
6e3 IJ.HTaTa y ):taHaWlbHM pe'iHHIl.HMa jeey ):teMHH)'THBH KO'je je 6ene)KHO'
llTQ 3Ha'iH ):ta ce nO'rp):ta npO'llHpyje Ha Il.eJIY nO'PO'):tHUY.
JIecKHH
1.70.8.2. O):t
1914:268: MOIbU14, OZfbU14, oa:JfCou14, KOWU14
H CJIH'iHH.
np~eBcKe QCHO'Be je opaz08uli, KQje ce KaQ H MajK08un
H 6pajK08uli jaBJba npeTe)KHQ y BQKaTHBy, Y npHjaTeJbCKQ-HPQHH'iHO'M TO'
1.72. -Dna 6e3 cyMlbe cnMa "Meljy HajnpO'):t}'KTHBHHje HaCTaBKe y CpnCKO'XpBaTCKOM je3HKY", KaKO' K8)Ke CreBaHO'BHfl 1964 1:551, a MO'~aje
58 AaOMaJIlljy )l.a ce -06uli )l.oD.aje Ha IIMeHIIUY lKeHCKor pO)l.a, Koja HeMa np")l.esa Ha 1957: 10 je nOKYlUao D.a YKJIOHH Tap)l.lhOM )l.a y OCHoall Hllje MajKa Hero Kllno KOP"CT"K M. pOD.aMajaK, 3a6enelKeH y pe'lHIIKY JA3Y. 3a TaKBIIM TYMa'ielheM HeMa nOTlle 6e, jep je MajK06uli Morno HaCTaTII no aHaJIOrlljll, a np")l.eaa Ha -06 HCMajy HII KOllen06uli, 01laK06uli, Kao HII 113BeD.eHlIlle OD. HeIlMeHII'IKIIX OCHoaa, 0 KojllMa B. HlIlKe.
H HajnpO'):ty.KTHBHHjH O'~ CBUX HMeHH'IKHX CycpHKCa.
-06, HII'IOTa
KapaKTepHCTH'lHa je 3a O'Baj CYCPHKC naJIaTaJIH3aUHja ca CBO'jeBpcHHM O'rpaHRtJelLHMa. BeJIapH H If HO'PMaJIHO' ce naJIaTaJIH3yjy y peqHMa KaO' 6)'
'lUlfa, Ofla'lU14~ UpopO'lUlfa;Kfbuxuq~ HO~qa, K~~14a;Cnawuq~My
115
Tsop6a peqH y CaapCMCHOM CPJlCKOMjC3HKY
CyqlHKCaJUlja
Ulul4a, cOUluqa; 3e~uqa, 60'luqa, yllu~uqa. 3 rurrepHHpa ca JIC caMO Y PeT KHM H3BeJl:eHHl.(aMa 0Jl: KHe3 - KHeJICuqa 'KHerHIbHl.(a' H cY'<:HeJICuqa 'no MohHHK KHe3a' (yn. rope 1.70), Jl:OK HHaqe oCTaje HeH3MelbeHO: cWa3uqa, 8e3Ul4a, CY3Ul4a, yllU3uqa HTJl:.
THBHe pa3nHKe y napOBHMa KaO KUUlU'Ia - KUUlU'Ia (OBO Jl:Pyro, no H>eHOM ocenaH>Y, HMa HPOHHqHO-maJbHB npH3ByK, y CMHcny ,na je KHma caCBHM cna6a YMecTo OlJeKHBaHe jalJe) HJIH cYK1bU'la CYK1bU'la (npHMeH>eHO Ha CYKlbY KOjy je MajKa camHJJa Manoj hepKH, "OBO Jl:pyro 6H ce aCOI.(HpanO ca KOKeTOM, BPTHpeIIKOM, HaMHrymoM").
114
C Jl:pyre CTpaHe, H30CTaHaK nanaTanH3al.(Hje KO,n OBor cyqlHKca cny:>KH Kao cpeJl:cTBO 3a Jl:H<jJepeHl.(HjaI.(Hjy XHnOKopHcTHKa 0Jl: ,neMHHyrHBa. fPHI.( KaT 1994:11 Ka:>Ke Jl:a je "cpncKH je3HK y nOTpa:m 3a H3Pa3HTHjOM CeMaHTH KOM Tenalba ••• Mopao Jl:a npH6erue 06HOBJbeHOMe PYKUl4a, Hozuqa, Ka,na BHme HHje aKTHBHO Jl:enOBaO 3aKOH npBe nanaTanH3aI.(Hje". 3aHcTa, Jl:OK cy py'luqa H HOJICuqa npe CBera Jl:eMHHyrHBH (a npBH HMa H ceKYH,napHo 3Ha qelbe Jl:pnrKe Ha HeKOM npe,nMery), pyKuqa H Hozuqa HCKJbyqHBO cy 06nHI.(H OJl:MHna, ynOTpe6JbeHH Hajqemhe Y 05panalbY Jl:eI.(H. HCTY nojaBY cpeheMo H KOJl: MHorHX Jl:Pyrnx xHnOKOpHCTHKa. CaMO ca K O,nHOCHO ZjaBJbajy ce 6a KU'la, oeKUqa, cel
1.72.1. Y MalbeM 6pojy peqH, HHaqe HeHamameHH Cy<jJHKC MO:>Ke Jl:0 6HTH HamacaK, H TO 6ap y TpH peqH c KpaTKOY3na3HHM U - pa(JHuqa, CUW Huqa H KpuBUqa S9 , a y BHme peqH, <jJaKynTaTHBHO, C Jl:yroy3na3HHM -uqa. Y3pOUH H OKonHOCTH OBe nojaBe HHCY pa3jamlbeHH. fpHIJ;KaTOBa 1994:13, Koja ce 6aBH caMO Jl:yrHM -uqa, onHcyje TO Kao "I.(HJbHO ynpaBJbaH>e Harna CKOM", npHMehyjyhH Jl:a je "nOHeK3Jl: CaMOM rOBopHHKY TemKO Jl:a yrBPJl:H 3amTO ce, 3anpaBO, onpeJl:enHO 3ajeJl:HY HnH 3a Jl:PYry aKl.(eHaTCKY BapHjaH TY". llPaBHX CeMaHTHlIKHX On03HI.(Hja y 3aBHCHOCTH 0Jl: aKl.(eHTa H3rneJl:a Jl:a HeMa, OCHM y cnyqajeBHMa nyHe neKCHKanH3aUHje Kao lllTO cy ep6uqa (Ma na Bp6a) - Bp6uqa (npa3HHK) H eYHU'Ia - eYHuqa: OBO Jl:Pyro, Ka:>Ke CTeBa HOBHh 1964 1:551, "HHje B)'Ha, Hero y <jJa6pHI.(H H3paljeH BYHeHH KOHal.( 3a nJICTelbe". fpHI.(KaTOBa, Me1}yrHM, Hana3H H3BecHe TemKO OJl:peJl:HBe a<jJeK 59 Taxolje y
iipQ/1UI{Q,
anH TlI peq He cna,n,a y cpncKH CTlIHAapA.
Cy<jJHKC je YBeK Jl:yr H HarnamCH y nOJl:pyrJbHBO-nejopaTHBHHM H3Be Jl:eHHl.(aMa o,n HMeHHl.(a M. pOJl:a, THna uucapu'la, KaWzapuqa, uaHoypU'Ia. J1CToM aKl{eHTY cy KaTK3Jl: CKJIOHe H lJCTBOpOCnO:>KHe pellH :>KeHCKOr pOJl:a Kao CIlaHUliuqa, KapaHU'la, cUKUpuqa, quzapU'Ia, uaupu~uqa, PYPYHuqa, xapiliujuqa, anH KOJl: lbHX je 06HqHHjH 06nHK CHarnaCKOM Ha OCHOBH, a aK l.(eHT He Melba 3Hallelbe.
1.72.2. ,ll;Be maBHe, M3Jl:a CBaKaKO He Hje,nHHe <jJYHKI.(Hje cy<jJHKca -uqa jecy Jl:eMHHyrHBHa H MOI.(HOHa. Kao Jl:eMHH)'THBaH OH Jl:Ona3H MrurreHe Ha CBe HMeHHl.(e :>KeHCKOr pOJl:a Koje cy no CMHCny rJOJl:JIO:>KHe ,neMHHYu:HjH, TaKO Jl:a 6H Ha6pajaH>e npHMepa (K)'liuqa HTJl:.) 6HJJO CYBHmHO. C xHnOKOpHCTHlJHHM, npe Hero Jl:eMHHyrHBHHM 3HaqelbeM, OCHOBe MOry 6HTH H HMeHHu;e MYmKor pOJl:a Ha -a (-0), Kao y ~u~u'la, ~uKUqa, oO)eou'la, 6ailiuqa, Joeu'la, I/epuqa, MUKU'Ia HTJl:. My:mxe HMeHHue ca 3aBplllCTKoM Ha cyrnacHHK MOry Jl:06HTH -uqa caMO H3Y3CTHO. llopeJl: ManOqaC nOMeHyrHx Jl:eMHHyrHBa OManOBa:>Ka Bajyher 3HaqeH>a, THna uucapu'la, TaKBH cy MO)KJl:a CaMO 'la6pul4a H perno HanH3aM 6poouqa. PellH KaMeHU'la, PYKa8U'Ia H ciliolluqa, Koje je HaBO,nHO necKHH 1914:268, He 6HCMO CBpCTaBanH OBaMO,jep KaMeHu'la ,nauac 3HalJH npaKTH'IHO HCTO mro H KaMeH, a PYKaBU'la CurypHO HHje Jl:eMHH)'THB 0Jl: py Kae, Kao HH ciliolluqa o,n cilio(II). Ca OCHOBOM cpeJl:H>er pOJl:a HallIJIH CMO ca MO 8eopu'la, pMU'la (HCT03HaqHO ca pallO, 6ap y OCHOBHOM 3HalJelbY) H pu lIuqa (= pUllO KOJl: HHCeKaTa). Ha3HBH )f(HBOTHH>a KaO JlCope6U'1a, upacuqa HHCY Jl:eMHHyrHBH Hero MOBHpaHH 06nHUH. 1.72.3. Jom BHme Hero ,npyrn Jl:eMHHyrHBHH Cy<jJHKCH, -uqa je CKJIOHO CeMaHTHlJKHM npOMeHaMa. QHe MOry HnH o,n nyKor cy:>r<elba 3Hallelba, Hnp. cwpaHuqa (y KH>H3H), 'lewKUqa (3a 3y6e), na Jl:0 nomYHe "TepMHHOnOrH3a UHje" (B. fpHl.(KaT 1994:9), Hnp. peuu'la (6HJbKa CacBHM pa3nHqHTa o,n pe ne), 2IIuHuqa 'anYMHHHjYM-OKCH,n'. fpHIJ;KaTOBa HaBOJl:H npHMepe KaO JlCa 6u'la, K06U11ul4a, KOUlYlbuqa, ca no TpH, qeTHPH H Bume Cnel.(H<jJH"IHHX 3Ha qeH>a rOTOBO nOTnYHO HeBe3aHHX C MOTHBHOM HMeHHUOM. lli 06HJba Jl:Py fHX npHMepa nOMeHHMO oO)eeoj'luqa, zOcUo~uqa, MapaMuqa, 6apuqa (no KBa), 800uqa (3a YCTa H cn.), ZYMu14a (3a 6pHCaH>e, HnH ryMeHH npCTeH), MO)epuqa (nocYJl:a), O'luqa (nCTJba), yUtul4a (0Jl: urne), 380)e30Ul4a (rpa <jJHlIKH 3HaK, aCTepHcK), cilipertuqa (3HaK), K1bUJICU'la (Jl:OKYMeHT), UlKOIIU qa (Jl:eqja Hrpa), zaliuqe (:>K, MH.: )f(eHCKe, Jl:elJje, K}'Dahe), ilia611uqa (Ta6e na), uoza~uqa (0Jl: Jl:pYKlJHjer TeCTa Hero Uoea'la), KllUlu~uqa (3a lJaj H cn., M
116
I17
TBop6a pe'lll Y CaBpeMeHOM cpnCKoMje:lHkY
CyIj>HKCl1UIIja
pa3mr'lHTa O.D: KaUlUKe), Kpynutta (.D:eO UBeTa, 3y6Ha HaBJIaKa TiIT.D:.),ja6y'lu tta,jazooutta, Ilouawutta, UocweJbutta (aHaTOMCKH TepMHHH), y HOBHje Bpe Me KapWUtta (MameTHa, 3By'IHa, Kpe.D:HTHa HT.D:.), -.D:a HaBe.D:eMO caMO no 3Hanlje. "JIeKOOKaJIH3aUHja", H3a3BaHa ,ll,aIlHallIfLOM H ,ll,yroTpajHoM yno Tpe60M OBor cy$HKca, MO:lKe HMaTH 3a nOCJIe,ll,HUY ,ll,a ce MOTHBall.Hja ca CBHM 3aMYTH, Kao y MaWUl{a (ca MHoro pa3HHX 3Ha'lefLa), 6a6ul{a, oyJICu tta, HJIH naK .D:a H3Be.D:eHHua, H3ry6HBWH .D:eMHHYTHBHO 3Ha'IefLe, nOTHCHe H3 ynOTpe6e OCHOBH)' pe'l, Kao y o(j)eeutta, 3(j)enUl{a, QOWKOeUtta, Jby6u'Iu tta, Ko6acutta H cn.
KOCa'iUtta, ee3a'iul{a, ceja'iUl{a (cu-), nope.D: :lKeHa, MOry 03Ha'lasaTH H Ma WHHe Koje 06aBJbajy pa.D:fLy H3 rnarOJICKe OCHOBe.
1.72.4. H Y $)'HKll.HjH MOUHOHor 3HaKa -utta je Haj'lewnH O.D: CBHX cy $HKca (B. noplfn 1979:34). EowKoBlfn 1936:9 HCTH'Ie .D:a OH npeOBJIaljyje y j)')KHOCnOBeHcKHM je3HUHMa, H TO HajBHlIle y cpncKoxpBaTcKoM, .D:OK je y 3a na,n:HHM H HCTO'IHHM cnOBeHCKHM je3Hll.HMa rnasHH MOUHOHH Cy$HKC -Ka. -Htta 06H'IHO .D:OJIa3H Ha ueo MacKynHHyM, npocT (Ilae-ul{a) HnH cy $HKcHpaH (uzpa'l-utta; BH.D:H MHoro6pojHe npHMepe pe'IH Ha -welbutta KO.D: CTaHe PHcrnn 1983:8-12). CYnJIeTHBHO, YMeCTO MYWKor cy$HKca ,ll,Ona3H yrnaBHoM npeMa -(a)tt, -UK H -nUK (CaMal1 - CaMul1a, Y'lenuK - y'ienul{a, paonuK - paonul1a), a peTKO npeMa .D:pymM cy$HICCHMa (uaWYJbaK - Qa wyJbUl1a, oOManun - oOMaliutta). MOBHpaHH 06JIHUH Haj'IelIlne 03Ha'laBajy JbY.D:CKa 6Hna (zocQooapul{a, iipujawelbutta, Y'iuwelbul{a, cunoeutta, KPatbU tta, ttaputta, KaIly~eputta, UPOP0'iutta, nacwaenul{a, YM(j)ewnUtta, Qacwu putta, MajcwOputta, uU/bapul{a, co6apul{a, KOUlapKaUlul{a HT,ll,.), nOHeKa.D: y CMHCJIY cynpyre MYlIlKapua 03Ha'leHOr OCHOBHOM HMeHHll.OM (Kauewanu . l{a, zenepallul{a). Ty cna,n:ajy H HeKH eTHHUH, anH KO.D: fLHX je oBaj Cy$HKC, KaKO Ka:lKe IIewHKaH 1958:202, "orpaHH'IeH Ha ManH 6poj .D:OCTa Pa3HOPO.D: HHX 06pa30BafLa H HHje BHlIle np0.D:YKTHBaH: Ma~apul1a, llIea6ul{a, Towu tta, HeMutta, CpeMutta"60.
11: 3a :lKHBOTHfLe
-Ul1a je .D:aneICO Haj'IewhH MOUHOHH Cy$HKC: 3e'lUtta,
zOlly6utt~ uaynul1a, 6ueollul{a, lla6Utta, wuzpUtt~ ~'1Utta,MajMYHUl{a, CIlO
1.72.5. O.D: HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa HMa H .D:pyrnx H3Be.D:eHHua. 0 fLHXO BOM 3Ha'lefLY He MO:lKe ce penu HHWTa O.D:pe~eHHje HerO.D:a 03Ha'lasajy no jaM KojH je Ha HeKH Ha'lHH y Be3H ca HMeHHll.OM y OCHOBH. npHMepH cy Ile QOWUl{a (Jbe-), pa'lynul{a, cUOMenUl{a, MopnapUl{a, K01bUl{a, 6ypMyWUl{a, cauynUl{a, KOIlenUtta (KOJbe-)62, MawepUl{a, y HOBHje BpeMe ueepul{a (nno'la O.D: ca6HjeHor HBepja), .D:06po n03HaTO 6UKeHOUl{a HT.D:.; MO:lKeMO HM .D:O.D:aTH H/(anUtta (HMe 3Be3.D:e, O.D:aKJle BepOBaTHO H :lKeHCKO HMe). 3a zOllenul{a (ZO Jbe-), zpaxopUtta, KaMenUl{a, nece(j)eciUUl{a MapeTltli 1963:325 je nHCaO.D:a ,,3Ha'le HCTO WTO H KopHjeH": OBa nocne.D:fLa Morna 6H ce H3BO.D:HTH H H3 npH.D:eBa, CnH'IHO Kao epyliUl{a, OpxiUaeul{a HT.D:. O.D: JIH'lHOr HMeHa O.ZJ:HO CHO eTHOHHMa H3Be.D:CHH cy Ha3HBH nHcaMa, liupUllul{a, Ilawunul{a, zowu tta, apa6ul{a, c nanaTaJIH3aII.HjoM 6ocan'lul{a (aKo je O.D: Eocanatt: anH OB.D:e 6H Cy$HKC Morao 6HTH H -'1ul1a, B. 1.72.23), Ma.D:a 6H ce MornH TYMa'lHTH H Kao YHHBep6an:uje O.D: CHHTarMe nupUllcKo (llaWUnCKo, TiIT.D:.) UUCMO. He pa 'IyHaMO OBaMO ZIlazoJbutta. jep je HeMOTHBHCaHO y caBpeMeHoM je3HKY, a no CKOKY je .D:eBep6an O.D: ZIlClZOJbaWU HJlH ZIlClZOIlUWU. 1.72.6. -Htta .D:OJIa3H y MHorHM npe$HKcanHo-cy$HKcanHHM TBopeHH ll.aMa, Kao 6ecuoCllul{a, 6eci1aputta, 3aHOKWul{a, 3tl3}'6ulla, uOIleOUtta, aope 6pul{a, UOKo~ul1~ uowueiUul{a,uoollaKiUutta,uao/laKiUul{~ HaycnUl{~ ua paMeHUl{a, nauOIlUl{a, Jl3pe'lul{a, U3MaZ/lUl{a, oZPIlUI¥l, iJoKOllenUl{a (-Jbeuu l{a), uowKollenul{a (-JbeHutta), cycneJICul{a (-clOeJICUtta), uecanulla, nee(j)eputta H CJI. no nocrnHKY TY cnMa H uaonUI¥l, Ma.D:a HBje TaKO npo BH.D:HO Kao OCTane HaBe.D:eHe pe'lH. TaKo~e HMaMO -ul{a y CJIO:lKeHHuaMa pa3nH'IHTOr CaCTaBa: ttpnozopu tta, cyeoMpa3ul{a, upa3Hoe(j)epulla, paenooueeutta, KpaWKooneeUtta, cwpauuyWul{a, Eozopooul{a, oeOCMUCIlUtta, 080KOIlUl{e HT.D:., KaTKa.D: H Y MYWKOM P0.D:Y Kao y K01bOKpaOUtta, 1l0eoKpaoul{a.
60 OaOMe CBaKaKO Tpe6a ,no,naTH H XpeaiUul/a. TOfuul/a je y PMC ,neIj>HHHCaHO Kao "MaljapcKH norp,nHH H3pal 3a CIlOBaKHll>Y". Y ,naHalUll>oj 6eorpa.nCKOj ymlTpe6H ToiUul/a je HalMa 3a CIlOBaKHll>Y H3 BojaO)J.HHe, 6el nejopaTHBHOCTM (yn. H lUaJbHBO 3ycKa o,n 'leCTOr IIMeHa 3Y3aHa), ,nOK ce o,nroBapajyhH MaCKYnHHYM ToiU He ynOTpe6JbaBa.
1.72.7. H3Be.D:eHHue O.D: npH.D:eSCKHX OCHOBa MOry 3Ha'lHTH KaKO :lKHBa 6Hna TaKO H npe.D:MeTe ca OC06HHOM HCKa3aHOM Y OCHOBH. Me~y OHHM np BHMa oCTaBHneMo no CTpaHH OHe KOjH O.D:rOBapajy H3Be.D:eHHUaMa MYlIlKor PO.D:a Ha -UK, -nUK (zpeUlnUl{a, paonUl{a) H Ha -(a)l{ (cwapUtta, /laJlC/bU6U tta), nOlllTO CMO fLHX Ben nOMeHynH Kao npHMepe MOUHje. OCTajy OHe y KO jHMa ce :lKeHCKH pO.D: MO:lKe CMaTpaTH 3a OCHOBHH HJlH r.D:e MYIDKor po.D:a H HeMa, Kao y e(j)eUlWUl{a, pacUYUlwenUl{a, yc(j)eo(j)e/lUl{a, jalloeUtta, wpyonUl{a. IIpHJ1H'IaH je 6poj OHHX Koje cy no npaBHny MYWKor PO.D:a, a
61 CTeBaHOBHh TY ,nO,llaje H MaZapul/a (anH TY 6HCMO npeMa ,n;aHalUll>Oj' ynOTpe6H 3a OCHOBHY peq CMaTpaJlH MaZapal/, He Mazape: BH,llH lj>yCHOTY 43), kao Hjapul/a 'MIIa.na K03a' (no3HaTo 1f3 MHoro6pojHlfx yl,l6eHlfKa Kao nplfMep aKl(eHaTCKe On03Hl(Hje npeMa japUlia 'ja pa nlUeHHl(a'; y ,llaHalUll>eM rpa.nCKOM roBOPY o6e peqH cy Heno3HaTe).
62 PMC fa 6ellelKH caMO Kao ,,.I1HlII. o,n KOlleHo" HlIH ,,KOllCHH HlIH ryMeHH WTKT KOlle Ha"; y06H'IajeHo je, Me~yntM, H y 3Haqell>Y ,nena Hore 3a KYBaHoe, Tellehe IIJIIt CBHll>CKe IIOT KOneHHl.\e, no IUTO CBe,nOqH AlI1di 1998.
nUtta, MUUlUtta TiIT.D:. KaKO HCTH'Ie CTeBaHoBHh 1964 1:552, $eMHHHHYM MO :lKe 6HTH H3Be.D:eH H O.D: HMeHHua cpe.D:fLer pO.D:a Ha -el-ewa, Kao y jynutta, JlCope6utta, upacutta.61 Hem aYTop (CTp. 553) nO.D:Cena .D:a HMeHHll.e Kao
liS
TBop6a peQH
y
caBpCMenOM cpncKOM je3HXY
MOry ce O,nHOCHTH H Ha )KellY, Kao iU8pOUlIa, IwcpiUulIa, uujaHulIa , o06pu lIa, 3llulIa, lbywulIa, 2IlaOHulIa, iioOMyICllUlIa 11 ClI., o,n rnarOllCKOr pa.nHor npH)J,eBa iipoiiailulIa, U30)e.tlulIa, iipuOOUl./lUlIa, U360)e2IlulIa, CMp3llUl/a 11 CJI. ilpH)J,eBCKe 6H Morne 6HTIf 11 oCHO,Be )KeHCKHX HMeHa Kao /(pazulI a , Mu llulIa, Paoull a (Ma.na cy OHa Morna HaCTaTI1 11 CKpanHBalbeM CJIO)KeHHX I1Me Ha THna J(paZOClla8a H ClI.).
If3Be)J,eHHl~e He)KHBOr 3Haqelba KaTKaJJ, ce MOry ,neqmmrcaTH CHHTar MOM O)J, rrpH,neBa C HMeHHQOM )KeHCKOr pO)J,a, TaKO )J,a rrpe,nCTaBJI,ajy HeKY BPcry YHHBep6aQHja: l/PHUlIa (3eMJba), :JfCU8UlIa ()KHBa orpaJJ,a), oeClIUlIa, Ile 8UlIa/lbe6UlIa (PYKa), ciia8aJiulIa (KOWYJba), 1l0jaHulIa, 60willauulIa (CBene) H CJI. I1MeHHQa MO)Ke 6HTH H rrpHcyrHa Y an0311QHjH C H3Be,neHHQOM, Y cnoje BHMa Kao 0'3a paOOCHUlIa, 38(uj)e30a peiiawUlIa, :xcpillBa iiatbeUUlIa. BHwe je, HnaK, pe'lH Y KojHMa HHje Moryne ycnOCTaBHTH OBaKO je,nHOCTaBHY Kope JIaQHjy: MOOPUlIa, MacHulIa, 6p3UlIa, cuWlIUlIa, illa.MHUlI a, Kp u8UlIa, o6Ilul/a, iipe'lUlI a, OWWPUlI a, :xcyiiiUlIa, 6pyliU/la, c)'UlU/la, pa8HulIa, CaMUlIa (nellHja), woiIlZUlIa (TOrrJIH H3BOp), KUCe.tlUlIa (BHwe pa3HHX 3Ha'!elba), ZOOUWIbUl/a, 080Z00UWlbUlIa (H ,npyre CJIO)KeHHQe THna 6poj + -zoouWIbUlIa), oaHaWfbU lIa, cyiUpawfbulIa, c8aKUoaWfbUlIa, oue8HUlIa, 3a8pwHulIa H ,npyre. O)J, npH)J,eBa Ha -aB cy KpBa8ulIa, xpcKa8ulIa, y3 TO ,nOCTa pe'!H THna 6a1la8ulIa, 'ly iia8U lI a Koje MOil<eMO cMarpaTH H MOBHpaHHM rrpeMa HMeHH QaMa MYWKor po,na Ha -all. O)J, rrpH)J,eBa Ha -a6cKii, y3 0,n6aQHBafLe 3aBp llIHor cy4>HKca, Ha'!HlbeHe cY eKa8Ulla, (u)jeKa8ulIa, uKa8ulIa. (3a ,npyre pe '1H Ha -a8ulIa BH,nH ,noJIe, 1.72.12). 3HaTaH 6poj pe'lH HaqHlbeH je O)J, rprrHor rrpH,neBa: 38aHulIa, WKaHU lIa, 1I00eiiaHulIa, opaHulIa, K08aHulIa, 6pojaHulIa, (0)eH'l aUUlIa, KpwweHu lIa, YKpwilleHulIa, iip:xceHulIa, iie'leHUlIa, iipeiie'leHUlIa, iIlZeilleHulIa, pe'le HUlIa, 'lufbeHulIa, cKpalieHulIa, U38eoeuulIa, CIlo:xceHulI a, ii03ajMJbeHUl/a HT)J,. O)J, npH)J,eBa Ha -W je BuwulIa (B. )lecKHH 1914:262), anH ,naHac je Ta pe'l H3ry6HJIa cMHcaOHY Be3Y C rnarOJIOM 8UWU. O)J, pa.nHor rrpH,neBa HMa HX caMO HeKOJIHKO, Kao YMPIlUlIa, iipupaCllulIa (rrpHpaCJIO MeCTO, y Me,nH QHHH), cpaCllulIa (BpcTa ClIOil<eHHQe, jow rpH 3Ha'leH.a y PMC), zpU3llul/a ('1HP y il<eJIYll.y,jow )J,Ba 3HaqeH.a y PMC), ClIOil<eHo-cy4>HKcanHo o06pooo UI./lulIa, H08000Ul./lUlIa HT)J,.
1.12.8. YnpaBo HaBe,neHe H3Be)J,eHHQe o,n rrapTHQHrra, Kao H OHe C JbY)J,CKOM pe4>epeHll.HjoM HaBe)J,eHe paHHje (iipuooUl./lulIa H CJI.), MornH 6H CMO Cje)J,HaKHM orrpaB)J,albeM )J,a cBpcTaMo H Me~y H3Be)J,eHHQe O)J, rJIaroJIa, rrofoToBY OHe Kao zpU3llulIa, f)J,e zpU3ao, ZPU3IlU He MOil<e HMaTH rrpH)J,eB CKY yrrorpe6y. lJHCTHX ,neBep6ana Ha -ulla HeMa MHOro, a rpa)J,e ce rrpere il
Cy$IIKCal(Hja
119
YOBOpUl/a (yrr. H )J,aHac peTKo YKOlbUl/a o,n jow pe~er rJIarOlla YlCIlaillu), ClIOil<eHO KOIbOKpaOUl/a, 1l080KpaOUlIa. Ty MOil<eMO yBpCTHTH H y6u l/a/y6ulla (o,n paHHjer y6ujlla), yrrpKoc 4>oHeTCKHM TeWKonaMa,na ce (rroro TOBY C aKQeHTOM Ha ApyrOM clIory) H3,nBOjH -Ulla (Cy4>HKC -l/a reWKO )J,OJIa
3H y 063HP, rrowTO HHKa,na HeMa areHTHBHO 3HaqeILe). Y il<eHCKOM po.ny je ce.tlUl/a, rrpHMelbeHO Ha I1THu.y. OCTane pe'lH Haj'lewne 3Ha'!e paJJ,lby HJIH 3aBpweH qHH, anH MOry HMaTH H pa3Ha ,npyra 3Haqelba. To cy oillMul/a, CillaHUl/a, 30pa8ulIa (o,n 30pa8uillu 'Ha3)J,paBJLaTH'), 6yjul/a (BepoBaTHHje je ,na je O)J, rnaroJIa Hero O)J, rrpH,neBa 6yjaH), ollaKwUlIa, yiiaoulIa, iiopOOul/a, ii03ajMUl/a, iiowallul/a, iio8Jlacillul/a, ii08UWUl/a (ueOqeKHBaHO -w- je MO iI<,na rrpeMa rpnHoM npH)J,eBY HlIH npeMa HMeHHQH ii08Uwelbe, Kao H y Jl38U wUlIa =Y38uWelbe), iiOCKO'lUl/a, OOCKO'lUl/a, 3aMO)eHUl/a (Malbe je BepoBaT HO )J,a je o,n HMeHHQe 3fl.M[j]eHa) H ClI. He 6HCMO cMaTpanH 3a MOTHBHCaHO iip3HUl/a, o,n 3aCTapeJIOr rnarOJIa iiP31lUillu, a nororoBY He TaKBe Kao iipul/a ('CBa~anHQa', O)J, iipeillu [eel: ,naHac OqYBaHO Kao rrpe3HMe) HJIH illpUl/a (rropeKJIOM O)J, illpillU).
1.12.9. O)J, rrpHlIOWKHX OCHOBa cy 3ajeoHUl/a H U3HyiUpulIa (y3 jow HeKOJIHKO pe'!H Koje cy yo6H'IajeHe caMO y XPBaTCKOj, Kao HuwillulIa, OKO Ilul/a, UHa'lulIa).
1.12.10. Pe'lH C rrOHMeHHqeHHM 3Ha'lelbeM 6poja HJIH rrpe)J,MeTa 03Ha qeHOr 6pojeM (c06e, B03HlIa, KapTe H ClI.) rpaJJ,e ce O)J, OCHOBe pe,nHHx 6po jeBa63 O)J, iieillu HaBHwe: iieillul/a HT,n. HH3 HHIIOIBTO HHje KOHTHHYHpaH, jep 3a 6pojeBe 2, 3, 4, 9 H 3a BHWeQH4>peHe 6pojeBe CTOM rrOClIe)J,fLOM QH 4>POM KOPHCTH ce Cy4>HKC -Ka (080jKa, o8aoeeeill 'leill80pKa H ClI.), O)J, 10 HMaMO oecemUl/a H OeceillKa C H3BecHOM JJ.H4>epeHQHjall.HjOM y 3HaqelbY, rrpeMa 6pojy jeOaH je jeoUHUl/a (O)J, rrpH)J,eBCKe, He o,n 6pojeBHe OCHOBe), o,n 100 je yo6HQajeHo caMO cilloillKa (cmoillul/a je KpoaTH3aM), a o)J, BHWeQH4>peHHX 6pojeBa C rrocne)J,lbOM QH4>poM 1 He nocrojH H3Be,neHHQa, Kao HH O)J, 1.000 H BenHx 6pojeBa. .lWYrH HH3 QHHe 06JIHQH o)J, 36HPHHX 6pojeB3, o80julla, mpojulIa, 'le ill80PUlIa HT)J,., ca 3HaQelbeM rpyne MywKHX oc06a. OBaKBO 3HaQelbe neJIHn
1922:80 je ryMa'lHO THMe WTO cy HaCTanH O)J, MywKHX o611HKa MHOil
120
TBop6a pe'il! y caspeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY
1.72.11. Cy
1.72.12. -ABHIta je 6e3 cyMfLe Hajnpe HaCTaJIO o.n npH.D:eBa Ha -a6 nnyc -ul.la, Kao y Kp6a6Ul.la, 6a11.a6Ul.la H cn., aJIH ce paHo OCaMOCTaJIHnO H CTBOpHnO BeJJHKH 6poj H3Be.neHHIta o.n rnaronCKe (pe~e o.n HMeHH'IKe) OCHOBe. Cy
Cy<jlHKcauHja
121
)J{HBOTHfLe 03Ha'Iasajy uuja6U/fa (CBaKaKO O.n -ilujaiUu, HrepaTHBa O.n uuiUu, Ma.na ce Taj 06JIHK HHa'Ie He jasJba 6e3 npe
1911), a /1.0
122
TIlop6a pelfH y C3BpeMellOM cpnCKoMje3HKY
Cy!jJHKlIuHja
1.72.14. -AjDua. ,UaHac npaKTH'IHO MpTaB cyqnlKc, caMO y ,neceTaK 3aCTapeJIHX pe'lH Koje MapeTHn 1963:307 npey3HMa H3 BYKoBor Pje'lHHKa, ymaBHoM ca 3Ha'lelheM npe,nMeTa, Kao 6jeAajulla (6eJla 'Iapana), ciilaiiaju ija (rllTan 3a 6yuKalhe MJleKa), opxajuija If CJl. MapeTHh OBaMO yIObY'lyje H U3oajUija, anH y TOj petlH -aj- nplfna,na marOJIY, ,naKJIe CyqlHKC je -Ulla.
JlHK KOfleZUHUija (Koflezulla ce He ynOTpe6JbaBa y Cp6HjH). Pe'lH ca :ma'le lbeM JlOKana, THna '1aj14UlIuqa, aUl'lUIIUlla, He cna.najy OBaMO, jep je Y H>HMa CYIPHKC - HUlla . •
1.72.15. -AHHua. Kao CJlO:lKeHH CyljlHKC HaCTaO je ,no,naBalbeM -uija Ha npH,neBe (flojaH-Uija, 6oUliilaH-Uija, iiepjall-uija, cyu'Iall-ulla) HJlH rna rOJlCKe npH,neBe (36aH-Uija, 1I0]eiian-uija). O,naTJIe HeKOJlHKO pe'lH y KOjH Ma -aHUija ,nOJla3H C IfMeHlfllKHM OCHOBaMa: 1I(j)e6anulla, iiAaUliilallUlla, IUbY'Ianuija (oocJle,nlba je npere:lKHO xpBaTcKa). C jOToBaH>eM rpyne ciil je MOUliilaHUija (o,n Mociil), '6PBHO 3a OpeJla3 npeKo Bo,ne', n03HaTlfje Kao TO nOHHM. C rnarOJlCKOM OCHOBOM cy zu6a1lUlla (no CKOKY o,n nOCTBep6ana zu6, BH,nH -znyiilu II), Y30anulla H iipU3l1anulla (eTHMOJlOiliKH o,n TPOHHX npH)J.eBa, anH 06JIHKa Y30an H iipU3Han ,naHac HeMa). Pe'lH Kao 6paiilanulla HJlH ii03nallUija He cna,najy OBaMO, jep cy HaCTane nOMOUY MOUHOHor -uija o,n MyIIIKHX 06JlHKa (6paiilanaij, U03nallUK); TO MO)f(,na He Ba:lKH 3a Kylianu ija, r,ne je MyiliKH 06JIHK KyliallUK ,naHac caCBHM Hey061f1lajeH. 1.72.16. -EHHua je OCKY.nHO .noKYMeHTOBaH CyqlHKC. Je.nHHH CHrypaH oplfMep je cojenuija (Kyua Ha cojaMa, coxaMa); Ea6lfu 1991: 178 HaBo.nH MO openuija, aJlH TO je BeIIITaqKH nOKYIIIaj 3aMeHe 3a Me.nHUHHCKH TepMHH lluja n03a (Mo,npa 60ja KO:lKe H ycaua), y PMC npeHeT H3 EeHeililfheBor pe'lHHKa, 6e3 UHTaTa. EBeHTYanHO 6lfCMO TY MomH cBpCTaTH H 600eHullY aKO je .ne$If HHweMO Kao 'MJIHH Ha 600U' (anHje Ta'lHHje 'MJIHH Ha 600eHu ooroH'), 3a THM pellH napw6enuija, MOfl6enuqa, 6paUln€nulla '0.11. 6pailiHa YMeilieHa 00 ralla', pe6penuija (np030pCKH KanaK ca pe6pHMa, :lKanY3HHa), Ma,na 3a CBe IbHX nOCTojH If o.nroBapajyhlf "pH)J.eB Ha -en{u). Pe'lenUlla H '1ulbenulla He cna,najy OBaMO, jep cy 06e 0.11. TpoHor opH.neBa ("noIfMeHIf'leH>e napTHUHna u neplP. naCHBa CnOMouy _uija , KaKO Ka:lKe CKOK no.npeliu If 00.11. 'liinZ). Paly Me ce .na he CYIPIfKC 6HTH -uija, a He -eHUija, If y .npyrlfM H3Be.neHlfuaMa 0.11. TpOHor npH)J.eBa Kao upxeHUija, Ue'leHU/.fa, C/lOXeHUija IfT,n., a HCTO TaKO H Y :lKeHCKHM 06JIHUHMa o,n MyIIIKHX Ha -ellUK, Kao C6eUliilelluija, coiiciil6eHU ija, Y'leHUija, c.nyx6eHUlla, palbenUlla, Oa6lbeilUija H CJl.
1.72.17. CYIPHKC -DHDua .nOJlalH Ha OCHOBe HMeHlfua MYiliKor po.na Ha -a, CJlO:lKeH 0.11. -un (1f3 lbHXOBor npHcBojHor nplf.neBa) H -uija. Haj'lelIllie 3HallH cynpyry, y CTapHHcKHM, CTlfJlCKH 06eJle:lKeHHM 1f3palHMa Kao aZUHU ija, uaUluHulla, XOjlUHUija, iipoiiluHUija, liaiilunulla, ZQ3ow/uija, xa14u(ju)lIu ija, etjJeHou(ju)HUija H CJI. Y lPaMHJlHjapHO-IIIaJbIfBOM perHcTpy MO:lKe 6lfTif If 0.11. HMeHa, Hnp. EOpUHUija 'EopHHa :lKeHa'. 11 .naHac je Y cBaKo,nHeBHoj ynoTpe6H pell KOMUlUHUija, He TOJlHKO y 3Ha'leH>Y 'KOMIIIlfjIfHa :lKeHa' KOJIH
KO 'CYCeTKa' yoniliTe. O.nHeKY.n ce HCTH CYIPHKC yBYKao H y MOBHpaHH 06
123
1.72.18. CeMaHTH'IKH H~.npe~enje CYIPHKC -YHHU2, YPYK)llluija, 6pe zYllu/.fa (BpCTa Jlacre), UlapYHUlja (= IIIapKa),MeoYllUija (= MeLlyHHKa, HalHB 6HJLKe), KOUliilYHUlla (Kao 60TaHH'IKII TepMHH 'mJOLl BohKe C KOWTHUOM' HJlH HalHB 3a CBe BohKe 'IHjH nJJO.n HMa KOIIITHUY, amygdalinae; XOMOHHM KOUliilYHUlla2 no PMC 3Ha'lH IIITO H KOUliilaHuija, Tj. KOfiJLe OLI KOiliTaHOBa [KecTeHoBa] .nPBeTa). 0.11. maroJlCKe OCHOBe je HalHB mo.napa iileKYHulla (0.11. iileliu 'TpqaTH'). !:Juciilynulla, MflQoYHUija, 6(j)ezynuija 3aopaso cy MO UHOHH 06JlHUif npeMa HMeHHuaMa MYIIIKor po.na Ha -YH{a)/.f.
1.72.19. CYIPHKC -OTHua MO:lKeMO npemOCTaBHTIf y fleUOiilulla (I&e-) If Kpacoiilulla (He y CUpoiilulla), C063HpOM Ha MOTHBaUHjy, Koja 6H ce CBa KaKO 3aCHHBana lIa npULIeBY ('BeOMa nel1a :lKeHCKa oc06a', 'KpacHa :lKeHCKa oc06a') npe Hero Ha HMeHHUH fleiioiila O.nH. Kpacoiila. 1.72.20. -OJIHua ce jaBJLa y UpXOflUija (LlaJIMaTHHCKa pe'l, HaCTaJIa YKplllTaH>eM rJlarOJla upxuiilu ca HTaJIHjaHcKHM braciola 'wHHuna'), H y 6pazoflulla 'BparonaCTa :lKeHCKa oc06a'. Y OBOj .npyroj pe'lH, HapaBHo, cy IPHKC 6H Morao 6HT1f H -u/.fa, aKO je 1f3BO.nHMO H3 6pazofluja HJlH aKO je CMa TPaMo 3a lPeMHHHHYM npeMa 6pazoflan66 (anH TO 6H ope Ba:lKHJlO 3a 06nHK 6pazoflanKa).
1.72.21. -YJJ.Hua, C .neMHHYTHBHIfM 3Ha'leH>eM, HMaMO npe CBern y 3MujYI&Ulla, y zPYMYI&Ulla/zPoMYl&ulla (0.11. HCTe OCHOBe Kao zpYMen), Y Ka iiYl&ulla 'KanYJLaqa' H y OPeTe:lKHO XPBaTCKOM clbezyl&uija (HalIfB 6HJLKe, y PMC cneZYflu/.fa/clbezYflulla: o.naTJle BepoBaTHO H ClbezYl&ulla Kao HMe JlH'IHOCTH H3 6ajKe [CHe:lKaHe]). He cl1a,najy OBaMO pe'lH y KojHMa -YI& npH na.na OCHOBH, Kao 6y6yl&uija/606Yl&ulla, K)lKyl&ullQ, uaxyl&u/.fa H CJl.
1.72.22. -YwHu:a ce jaBJLa Kao MOU:HOHH CYIPHKC Y Opflyutu/.fa (= op JlHua), a 6e3 o.npe~eHor 3Hallelba, y3 rJlarOJlCKY OCHOBY, y zopyutulla. 'uH janeKaTcKor nopeKJIa, C He06HQHHM cnojeM ~Ba BOKaJIa, jecTe uoiilfleyUlu lIa (no CKOKY, s. v. iilfle, ,,00 iipU/loza UO iilflex (,UHBKOBHU) '.noJbe"'). Ca CBHM cy Hey06H'IajeHe pe'lH opazyutulla (6HJLKa), KAaoYUlUlla (BpcTa rJLHBe, no CKOKY 0.11. KAaoa), CMpoYUlUlla (6HJLKa, KO.n Ea6Hha 1991: 179) H CJlH'IHe. 1.72.23. -qHua, BeOMa qeCTO Kao 3aBpWeTaK .neMHHYTHBa OLI HMeHH u:a ca K HJlH ij Y OCHOBH (6Y'lUlla, iilpa6'lUlla, 6U!b'lUlla, 6o'lulla, YflU'IUija, iiiiiu'Iulla HT.n.), caMO y MaJIOM 6pojy pellH H3.D.BojHJlO ce y noce6aH CyIPHKC. To cy CiU6ap'lUlla, 1l{uj)e6'lUlla, zpan'lUlla, KOUl'luqa (c jeAHa'leH>eM no Me 66 Bpazollan je HaCTaJlO no aHaJlornjH ca
~a60Ilan, fAt je Cy!jJHKC
-an.
124
TBop6a pe'lH
y CaBpeMellOM CPIlCKOM je3HKY
C'ry H3rOBOpa:' "MjecTO: KOCT'lHua", 06jaWH:.aBaO je Mapernn 1963 :318). Be3 .rIeMHHYTHBHor 3Ha'leH:.a cy Ha3HB nHCMa 6ocaH'lUlla (B. Ba6Hn 1991:178; BH.r\H H rope IIO.rl 1.72.5) H IIOHeKO HMe 6HJ])Ke, Kao U6aH'lUlla (no PMC TaKo~e 'ja6YKa Koja 'ca3peBa 0 HBaH:..rIaHy') 1'1 i1.IIaHuH'lulla. 3acTa peJIo je CO'lUlla (y PMC no.rl 1 Kao .rIeMHHyrnB O.rl co, no.rl 2 Kao CHHOHHM 3a CO/lUKa HJ1H CO/ba, 'na}:\aBHHe y 06JIHKY CHe)l(HHX KyrJlHQa, UHraH'IHJ:iH'). Yn. 1'1 TonOHHM Cpe.M'lUlla. HagHB )l(HBOTHEbe p08'lUlla no OOCTaHKY je .rIe MHHYTHB O.rl p08Ka, anH je oBaj .rIPyrH 06JlHK .rIaHac Hey06H'IajeH y Cp6HjH, na 61'1 ce p08'lUl,a MOrJIO H3BO.rlHTH 1'1 1'13 marOJlCKe OCHOBe.
1.72.24. Cyq,HKC -/lUlla H OCTane CTHM 3aBpWeTKOM 06pal)yjeMo no.rl 1.89. 3a Cyq,HKC -Hulla BH.rIH 1.94. 1.73. -Hq (-Hq) ce jaBJ])a y ManOM 6pojy pe'lH ca 3Ha'leH>eM BpwHoQa pa.rIH:.e, npe CBera ZOHU'l, 800U'I. 1'1 6paHU'l, CHejacHoM MOTHBaUHjoM y HagH BHMa 6HJ])aKa /byili.U'l (BapHjauTa O.rl /byiUuJi) 1'1 8paiUu'I. HJlH ii.o6paiUu'l. Eu'l je npeKpaTKO .ria 61'1 ce 1'1 .rIaHaC ocenano Kao H3Be.rleHHua O.rl rJlarOJIa 6uiUu 6ujeM. PemoHanHe HJIH 3aCTapeJle cy pe'lH Kao iip6u'l 'npBa nOCeTa P0.rl6H He Y.rlaTOj HeBeCTH',japU'l (y BYKOBOM Pje'lHHKY; 'BeJlHKa J])y6aB, Koja Kao nopjapyje', 06jaWH:.aBa MapeTHn 1963:327), iUelUlU'l 'macHHK' ('Iewne iUelUlu/i). Be3 O.rlpe~eHOr 3Ha'leH>a oBaj Cyq,HKC ce jaBJ])a H y HeKHM HMeHH Ma Kao Paou'l H Paju'l (KO.rl MHJIHue fpKoBHn) H y TonOHHMHMa Kao Ea PUtt, lfe8U'l, lfo6pu'l HT.rI. 1.74. -H'lHa, aKO He pa'lyHaMO '1HCTO xpBaTCKH 06JlHK zocii.oOU'lHa 'rOCOO~Hua', ja8J])a ce caMO y ceciUpU'lHa, 6paWU'lHa, 3a08U'lHa, WTO ne Hajnpe 6HTH KOHTPaKQHje O.rl ceCWpU'lUHa HT.rI.; Tar(O H oOJe8epU'lHa '.rIeBe pOBa KhH', Ma.rla pe'lHHQH He 6eJIe)l(e BapHjaH'ry OOJe8epU'l.UHa. (CKOK 3a zOCuOOUttHa TBP,!{H .ria je )l(eHCKH 06JIHK O.rl npH.rIeBa zocii.oOU'laH, KOjH je no H:.eMY OOTBp~eH y CTapHM TeKCTOBHMa.) 1.75. Ha -um cy Mapernn 1963:338 H CTeBaHoBHn 19641:562 HaBO .rIHJIH .rIOCTa H3Be.rleHHua O.rl npH.rIeBcKHx OCHOBa, Kao cwapuUl 'CTapau', cii.OPUUl (6HJ])Ka), 06/lUUl (pH6a), MeKUUl 'mTOrO.rl MeKo', nOHeKY O.rl rJlaro JIa (lleMapUUl 'HeMapaH '10BeK', ii.O/leWUUl 'BpcTa .rIe'lje Hrpe'), a 0;:( HMeHH Qe CaMO ~y6pUUl (= ~y6pe). ~aHac cy C OBHM HaCTaBKOM y06H'IajeHH ope CBera CIlawKuUl, zyCWUUl, 3eAeHUUl 1'1 .rIOHeKJIe KUCeAUUl (' OHO WTO je KHce JlO', 'KHCeJIO jeJlO HJlH nHne', 'TYPWHja'). O.rl marOJlCKe OCHOBe HMaMO K6apuUl (y H3pa3Y Majcwop K.) 1'1 peTKO He8UOUUl (= He6uo[j]eAUlla, MpaK, Mpa'iaH npoCTOp). TOMe TPe6a .rIo.rlaTH H jypuUl, KOjH je no eTHMOJlOmjH TYPQH3aM, aJIH ce y CBeCTH rOBopHHKa HecyMH:.HBO Be3yje 3a rnaroJljypu
Cy4jl HKcau.Hja
125
WU. OKO/lUUl 'OKonHHa', O.rl npHJIOmKe OCHOBe, ynOTPe6J])aBa ce caMO y XpBaTCKoj.
BepOBaTHO .rIpyror nopeKJIa je -Hm (KpaTKO), Koje je.nyro 6HJlo OMH J])eH Cyq,HKC y OMJla}:\HHCKOM cneHry. O.rl Tora je OCTano HeKOJIHKO pe'lH KO je cy H .rIaHaC II03HaTe, Ma}:\a Ha)l(anOCT HHCY 3a6ene)l(eHe y pe'lHHUHMa HH TH Y pa}:\OBHMa P. ByrapcKor 0 )l(aproHcKoj cyq,HKcaUHjH. To cy y npBOM pe.rIY paKUUl 'q,aKYJITeT', MawuUl 'MaTeMaTHKa' H KQ./IUUl 'KaneMer.rlau'. (Yn. H HenpoMeHJ])HBH npH.r\eB ceHWUUl 'ceHTHMeHTanau'.)
1.76. 3a -Hwa MO)l(eMO H .rIaHac npHXBaTHTH CTeBaHoBooeB onHC (1964 1:564),00 KOMe Taj Cyq,HKC HMeuyje ,,JIHUa, H M. H )1(. PO.rla, Koja ce HCTH'IY y OHOM WTO 3Ha'iH OCHOBHH maroJl, Hnp.: i1.IIawuUla, paouUla, X8a /lUUla, UlwuouUla H, MaEbe .rIaHaC n03HaTa, HMeHHua 8pailiuUla." Tpe6a HnaK .rIO.rlaTH .ria y3 i1.IIawuUla nOCTojH H HempaHO Hei1.IIawuUla, a C npH.rleB CKOM OCHOBOM .rI06po 3HaHO MQ./IUUla. CTeBaHoBHn HaBO.rlH H npHMepe 3a M)'llIKa HMeHa "KojHMa je y OCHOBH npH.r\eB HJIH rnarOJl HJlH H HeKO JIH'IHO HMe", 1(80 J(pazuUla, BeAUUla, PaouUla, /by6uUla, CWallUUla, CAa8UUla, EyouUla, IlepuUla. HeKa O.rl EbHX, Ha npHMep 13ypuUla, rpy6uUla, J08uUla, 3a8uUla, Ma}:\a .rIaHaC peTKa, nOCBe.rlO'leHa cy y npe3HMeHHMa. 1.77. -Hwn (.rIaHaC 06H'IHO CKpaTKHM u) H y c:rapHjeM 1'1 y HOBHjeM je3HKY BeOMa je npO.rlYICTHBaH Cyq,HKC, r
1.77.1. H3Be.rleHHQe O.rl HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa 3Ha'le ope cBera MeCTO. Byr<: y CBOM Pje'lHHKY, a npeMa EbeMY 1'1 CTeBaHOBHn 19641:565, HHCHCTH panH cy Ha 3Ha'leEbY "MeCTO Ha KOMe je 61'1 JI 0 OHO WTO 3Ha'iH OCHOBHa pe'l", anH TaKBHX pe'lH je Mano, nOroTOBY y .rIaHamEbeM je3HKY: zpaOUUlwe 'MeCTO r.rle je HeKa}:\ 6HJlO HaceJ])e HJIH rpa}:\', IfPK8UUlwe, MaHacil1upuUlilie. 3a HMeHHue H3 nOJ])onpHBpe.rlHOr BOKa6YJlapa PMC .rIaje Pa3JlH'lHTe .rIeq,H HHUHje: 6 H B m e MeCTO y KYKYP)'3uUlWe 'EbHBa ca Koje je 06pau KYKYPY3', KPOMuupuUlwe '3eMJ])HWTe r.rle je 6HO nocaI)eH KpOMOHP', CwpHuUlwe ,EbHBa ca Koje je nOKomeHO CTPHO )l(HTO', Ca.rl a DI Eb e MeCTO y ZlbU8UUliile 'MecTO r,!{e paCT)' rJLHBe', wpeceiliuUliile 'MeCTO r.rle ce Ba}:\H TpeceT', a Haj'leudie ce .rIonymTajy 06e MoryliHOCTH: 08CUUliile '3eMJLHWTe Ha KOMe je
126
Toop6a pe'lll y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je31lKy
CY
6HO OBac (rum ce jOlll HaJIa3H),, KyuycuUtille 'lbHBa ca Koje je 06paH Kynyc; lbHBa 3a rajelbe Kynyca' H CnH'lHO.
TeX
):(pyre H3Be,neHHue o.n HMeHHua, nuwlje ca 3Ha'lelbeM MeCTa, jecy pa illuUtilie, 6ojuUtille, eaUtapuUtille, cajMUUtilie, 3a6aeuUtille (MO)Ke 6HTH H o,n rnarona), U3IIeilluUtille, oZ1VuUtille, eaillpuUtille, ileUe.rtuUtille, zapuUtille (H C .no.naTKOM npetf>HKCa, KOjH He Melba 3Ha'lelbe, 3zapuUtille), Jjy6puUtille, cille ileHUUtille HT.n.; HeKe cy ca lllHpHM 3Ha'lelbeM Kao y 3eM.11:>uUtille, cillaHUUtille, illp:>ICuUtille, oa H C npeHeceHHM HnH anCTpaKTHHM Kao y cpeOuUtille, :>ICapu Utille, '1eopuUtilie. Ca 3Ha'ielbeM ,nOMa O.nHOCHO YCTaHOBe je cupoilluUtille (o,n HMeHHue cupoilia, )K HnH M, Koja je .naHac yrnaBHoM 3aMelbeHa .neMHHYTH BOM cupO'le). HeKY .naneKY Be3Y c OBHM nomina loci HMa H zoOuUtille, y CMH CJlY rO.z:tHHe y K 0 j 0 j ce HeKO PO,nHO HnH ce Heruro .npyro .noro.nHno. Kyliu Utille, c HeKOJlHKO parmjHx 3Ha'lelba Be3aHHX 3a KYhy y .nOCJlOBHOM CMHCJly (BH.z:tH Y PMC), .naHac je Haj'lelllne TeXHH'IKH H3pa3, CHHOHHM 3a Utacujy, Kapillep O.z:tHOCHO CnOJhHH OMon HeKor ypeljaja (HOp. KOMnjYTepa). 3Ha'lelbe .nplllKe HnH py'lHue Ha HeKoj anaTKH, Kao y KocuUtille. c(j)el<:UpuUtfl1e, zpa6lbuUtfl1e, .naHac yrJlaBHOM cna.na y apxaH3Me.
1.77.2. AyrMeHTaTHBHo-nejopaTHBHo 3Ha'lelbe, pacopocTpalbeHo y .npyrHM cnOBeHCKHM je3HuHMa, HaJIa3HMO caMO y HeKOJlHKO pe'lH: Mecu tuille, K)''1uUtilie, uCeii1uUtilie. Mox<eMO HM .no.naTH H oepuUtilie (aKO je o.n oepaH, Kao lllTO TBp.nH CTeBaHOBHIi, Ma.z:ta 6H MOrJlO 6HTH H o.n oepafl1u ce), a CBaKaKO H 611ailiutuilie (c TaKBHM aKueHTOM .naTO je Kao "ayrM. o.n 6J1aTO" y PMC, .nOK je 611ailiutuilie '6naTihaBO, MO'IBapHO 3eMJhHWTe, MO'IBapa, PHT': CnH'IHo H KonMaH 1934:16). YmaBHoM cy 3aCTapenH lbyouUtilie H 'loeU)e'lutuilie.
1.77.3. M H3Be.neHHue o.n rJlaronCKHX OCHOBa no npaBHny 3Ha'le Me CTO r,ne ce o,nBuja pa.z:tlba: 6opa6UUtilie. cepailiuUtilie, KOHa'luUtilie, Honu tuilie, upeHoliutuilie. oOMoputuiUe, cili{J)e"lUUtiUe, CKIIOlluUtiUe, ilpu6(j)e:>ICutuilie, HaJla3Utuilie, cilloeaputume, cilpeMuUtme, UpUCmaHUtume (o.n npe3eHTcKe oCHoBe), ;mYMutuiUe, lIoeuUtfl1e, cyoutuilie, cmpe.rtUtume (YMeCTo O'IeKHBaHOr (ciUpeJbutuiUe: yn. cilip[ujje.rta"l, 1.24.5), cuOputuiUe, lIo:>ICUtuiUe, lIe:>ICutuiUe, c(j)eOutuiUe (oBe ,nBe ca .nOCTa npeHeceHHx 3Ha'le lba) HT.n. 110jaM MeCTa oB,lte ce He CMe CXBaTHTH CTaTH'IHO. 3aHHMJhHB je y Be 3H C TUM pa.z:t fiolllKoBHn 1933. 1103HaTH JlHHrBHCTa Ty je .nOKa3HBaO, Hacy npOT pawHpeHoM MHIllJLelby, .na H3pa3 iUa'lKa ;meoutuiUa HHje nneOHaCTH '1aH. 110 H>eMY, pe'l ;meoutuiUe He Mox<e 3Ha'!.HTH "MeCTO o.n a K n e ce He lllTO rne.na", Hero CaMO "npoCTOp H a K 0 j eM y ce, r.n e ce WTO rne.na, no CMaTpa", a Ha TOM npoCTOpy pa3HH Jhy.nH MOry 3aY3HMaTH pa3nH'IHTe iUa'1Ke. M3Pa3 ma'lKa ;meOUtuma 3aHCTa ce o.nplKao y ynOTpe6H (Ma.z:ta npe
127
JIoKaTHBHor 3Ha'lelba HeMa y pe'lH cupuUtme (o.n rJlaroJla cupumu, cy.nenH no .ne.pHHHUHjH 'cpe.nCTBO 3a cupelbe MJlexa' y PMC, CJIH'IHO H KO.n CTeBaHOBHlia, cTp. 566, a H no CHHOHHM)' CUPUIIO, ca Cy.pHKCOM r(OjH Haj'le lllne H.ne Ha rJIaroncKe oCHoBe).
1.77.4. -HUtme ce He cnaja c npH.z:teBCKHM OCHOBaMa. 110 Ea6Hliy 1986:125 Op' npH.z:teBa 6H 6Hno ceeiUuUtme, anH je JlOrH'!.HHje H3BO,ltHTH ra o.n marOJIa, Kao H CHHOHHM ceemUllutume. llho ce TH'Ie pe'lH me;)fCUUtme y OCHOBHOM .pH3H'!.KOM 3Ha'lelby 'Ta'lKa 3aMHlllJheHe pe3yJITaHTe CBHX TelKH , . Ha , cMaTpaMO .na Je HJlH o.n rJIarona, xao mTO CMO rope HanoMeHynH, HnH o.n HMeHHue me:>ICUHa 6e3 cy.pHKca. O.n .naHac peTKOr npHJIOra o(ioaH H3Be.neHO je o60aHuUtiUe.
1.77.5. I1peme.n 06J1HKa Ha -uUtiUe He 6H 6HO noroyH aKO He HanOMe HeMO .na yCJIe,n .naBHallllbe yn01:pe6e ODOr Cy.pHKca, Kao H ycnep. 3HaTHOr 6poja n03ajMJheHHua U3 '!.elllKor H pycKor, nOCTojH .nOCTa y06H'IajeHHx pe '!.H Koje cy HnH HeM01:HBHCaHe HnH ce He .najy aHanH3HpaTH HOpMaJIHHM ny TeM. TaKBe cy npe CBera U030pUUtme, oeopUUtme ("HCTO lllTO .nBOP", TBp .nHO je MapeTHn 1963:339, anH oeop y TOM 3Ha'ieILY nomYHO je 3aCTape JIO), 6Y1VUtuiUeI6YHUUtiUe (HejacHe eTHMonorHje), ciiipafUuUtiUe (o.n rnarona cilipaiUuiUu y HeKa.z:tallllbeM 3Ha'!.elbY 'caTpTH' HJIH 'nory6HTH'), po'lutuUie (o,n 3aCTapeJIOr rnarona po'lUmu), cKJlaoutume (o.n cKJlaciliu HJlH cKJlaou iUu, no CKOKY), CMeilltzutuiUe (HCTH KopeH Kao y CMelie, o.n rJIarona [c]Me cillu -meM: -11- je no CKOKY .nonmo YKpmTalLeM CHMeHHUOM Meilltza), yUo pUUtme, uoupuUtilie, yilio'lutuiUe, CKp06UUtme H jom HeKOJIHKO CnH'IHHX aJIH peljHX H3pa3a. CnoIKeHH Cy.pHKCH:
1.77.6. -JIHmTe TaKolje 03H3Q3Ba MecTO .noraljalL3 Pa.z:tH.e, "JIM ,,Me CTO H3 KojeM ce npOBOp'H BpeMe", K3KO K3IKY CTaHoj'lHn-l1onoBHIi
128
TBop6a pe'lH Y ClUlpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
1999:143. ,lJ;o.ll.aje ce Ha HHCPHHHTHBHY OCHOBY HecBpllIeHHx maroJIa, BPJIO peTKO CBpllIeHHX (Kao Y C6pawUJluuliue, pOOUJluwwe, iiOpoOUJluwwe); O.ll. CBpllleHor iiozy6uwu HHje HaQHI:LeHO *iiozy6UJluwwe, KaKO 6H CMHcao 3ax TeBao, HerO zy6UJluwwe npeMa '{pajHOM rJIarOJlY. llope.ll. HeKOJIHKO pe'lH yonlllTeHor 3Ha'IeIha Kao iipe6ueanuwwe, 06uilia6anuwwe, cacwajanu wwe, ca6upanuwwe, paoUJluwwe, Y'lUJluwwe, MY'lUJlUWWe, BenHHa OBIiX peQH 03Ha'lasa YCTaHoBe, 3rpa.u.e HJIH npocTopHje (ca6[jjew06anuwwe, 00 zajanuwwe, Y3zajanuwwe, iipe6ujatlUWWe, /le'lUJluwwe (.lbe-j, 2/leoatlu wwe, 'luwanuwwe, UpUX6aWUJlUWwe, C6eWUJlUWWe, W06UJlUWWe, Mpe ciliUJluwwe HT.ll..), npocTope ca O.ll.peljeHoM HaMeHOM (iiapKUpatlUWWe, 2pa oUJluwwe), noce6Ho OHe 3a cnoPT, 3a6aBY H O.ll.MOP (K/lU3anUwwe, iiIlu6a /luwilie, CKaKanuwilie, wpKanuwilie, U2patlUWWe, 6[jjex6anuwwe, 60pu /luwilie, K)liianuwilie, weilianuwilie, OOMapatlUWWe, /leil106atluwilie [.lbe-] IiT.ll..). IIoMeHHMO jow Ii ciliajatluwwe (y .ll.OCJlOBHOM 3Ha'leILY, Haj'lelline y H3pa3Y c. aym06yca, aJIH Ii Y npeHeceHOM Kao npeBO.ll. HeMa'lKOr Stand punkt) Ii pemrrH03HH TepMIiH 'luciliUJluwilie JIaT. purgatorium). MaJIH je 6poj CJIO)KeHHl.{a: 6p0002paOUJlUWwe, C6eY'lUJlUWwe (OBO .ll.pyro ymaBHoM Kao KpOaTH3aM). 1.77.7. -OBHmTe .ll.OJIa3H caMO y HeKOJIHKO pe'IH, ca HCTHM 3Ha'IeILH Ma Koja HMa H npocTH cyqmKc -uwilie. rpax06uUlwe je no PMC '!bHBa Ha KOjOj je 6HO nocejaH rpax' aMalW6Uwilie 'MecTO r.ll.e je (6HO) nocejaH MaK', .ll.aKJle ca HCTHM KOJIe6alLeM H3Meljy ca.ll.aWlLer H 6HBwer npHcycTBa 6IiJl>Ke Koje CMO BH.ll.eJIH y pe'IHMa THna KyiiycuUlilie. 36(j)e206uwilie je y PMC .ll.a TO Kao CHHOHHM 3a 36(j)ez, 6e3 .ll.pyrHX 06jallllLelLa, Ha OCHOBY pe'lHHKa PHCTHna-Kaarpre. TP206uwilie 'MeCTO r.ll.e ce Tpryje, 1'prOBa'IKH l.{eHTap' cna.u.aJI06H OBaMO caMO YKOJlHKO ra H3BO.ll.HMO H3 iliP2 Y 3aCTapeJIOM 3Ha'le !by TprOBaILa (BH.lJ.H y PMC O.ll.pe.ll.HHQY iliP2 no.ll. 1). Y pe'lH 'lyo06uwwe 3Ha'IeIhe cycpHKca je ayrMeHTaTHBHo-nejopaTIiBHo, aJIH je MOTHBaQHja Heja CHa, noWTO je peq n03ajMJl>eHa H3 pycKor. Jow HejacHHja je 3a ciliaH06U Ulilie (IIIYJIeKoBa KOBaHHl.{a npeMa 'IelliKOM: liolliKoBHn 1933:278 je TBP.lJ.HO .ll.a 6H "pe'I ciliaH06UUlilie Morna 3Ha'IHTH 'npocTOp Ha KojeM ce cTaHyje' Ii HHmTa .ll.pyro"). 3aCTapeJIe pe'lH 3U.M06Uwilie (= 3HMOBaJIHllITe), /leili06U wiliel.lbe- (= JIeTOBaJIHllITe), ciiaC06uUlilie 'MeCTO f.ll.e ce CJIaBH CnaCOB.ll.aH' He cna,u;ajy OBaMO, jep HM je CYCPHKC -uwilie. 1.78. IIIHpoKo 3acryUJl>eHH cycjmKc -je MO)Ke H3a3BaTH jOToBalLe no y06HQajeHIiM npaBHJIHMa, Kao y Ka.Melbe, 6eCe.lbe, upylie, iiocy~e, 6e36/la wlie, wp{uj)ewlie. BpJIO 'leCTO, MeIjYTHM, oCTaje 6e3 H3MeHe, H TO nOCJIe OCHOBa Ha -p (uepje) H -C (K/lacje), TaKolje nOCJIe OHHX Ha -w H -x (UO oywje, opy:JICje), a H3Y3eTHO H nOCJIe -Ii, Kao y UYHOMolije, OK)llije. Ca OCHO BOM Ha -3 npaKTH'lHO nocTojIi CaMO /103je. OCHOBe Ha -K, -2, -x, -t./ ce naJIa
Cy$HKCaI.\Hja
129
TaJIH3yjy, aJIH H ry CYCPHKC oCTaje HeH3MelLeH, KaO y 06/lu'lje, iioOl/oxje, opawje, ilipOMO)ece'lje. C !bHM cy CJIO)KeHH CYCPHKCH rnarOJICKHX HMeHHl.{a -Ibe H -lie, Koje o6paljyjeMo noce6Ho, H3 pa3JIOra Koje H3HOCHMO no.ll. 1.97 H .ll.aJbe..
1.78.1. Y3 HMeHH'lKe OCHOBe -je Haj'lewlie HMa 36HpHO 3Ha'Ie!be. To cy yrnasHoM Ha3HBH npe.ll.MeTa H3 npHpO.ll.e, H3 6HJl>HOr CBeTa H H3 nOJl>O npHBpe.ll.e, Kao op6elie, Op6.lbe, wu6.1bc, we6apje, wuiipaxje, zp.Wbe, zpa Ibe, /luwlie, 1l6(uj)elie, Kop(uj)elbe, K/lacje, cHoii.lbe, iipylie, wplbe, 3plbe, 6y celbe, u6epje, ilipYlbe, Kecwclbe, Ka.Melbe, KpeMeJUe, cili{uj)elbe, KOM~e (06H'lHHje y XpBaTcKoj), iiepje, 6ucepje H CJI. IIoHeKa.u. ce rpa.u.e O.ll. caMe OCHOBe y3 ~BOBa!be CYcPHKca, Kao y 6Wbe ( - 6Wb-Ka), KO.lbe KO/l-all), 6ocWb-aK). PeTKH cy Ha3HBH npe.ll.MeTa CTBopeHHx Jl>Y.ll.CKOM py 6ocU/be KOM, Kao iipcilielbe, peMelbe, iiocy~e; ca 3Ha'IelLeM Jl>Y.ll.CKHX 6Hlia BepoBaT HO cy caMO p06.1be H oc06.1be.
«
«
PHcTHn O. 1966 je npHMeTHJIa .ll.a je oBaj CYcPHKC 6HO Hoo6H'lHO OMH )beH y BpeMe pOMaHTH3Ma, HapO'lHTO y nOe3HjH, r.ll.e ce MOry HaliH H 3a .ll.a HallI!be yxo TaKO He06H'lHH 06JIHI.{H KaO llITO cy 2/lacje, oalbe, 06/la'lje, y~e Y.ll.OBH) H CJIH'IHO. OHa npeTnOCTaBJLa.ll.a cy neCHHI.{H )KeJIeJIH .ll.a CTBope "npe.ll.CTaBY H3BeCHe HepaW'IJIaIheHe rpyne, KOMnaKTHe, TeCHO nOBe3aHe l.{eJIHHe" (C1'p. 291), na cy je HaMeTaJIH H HMeHHQaMa 3a Koje je TelliKO 3a MHCJIHTH KOJIeKTHBHO 3Ha'Ie!be.
1.78.2. lloce6He CeMaHTH'lKe npoMeHe, 3aCHOBaHe Ha 36HPHOM 3Ha'Ie IbY, 3ana)KaMO y 2po6.1be Crpo60BH' > 'MecTo C rpo60BHMa'), y zpox~e (no 06JIHKY, aJIH He H no 3Ha'leILY, H3Be.ll.eHHQa O.ll. zp030), Kao H y HeMOTH BHcaHOM opyxje (pe.ll.aK npHMep HMeHHQe Koja MO)Ke 3Ha'lHTH 6HJlO noje .ll.HHH npe.ll.MeT 6HJIO 36Hp). Y up(uj)ecwo.lbe, CYMpa'lje, pacKowje, na H Y o6Aurlje, H3Be.ll.eHHQa 3Ha'lH npH6JIH:lKHO HCTO WTO H MOTHBHa pe'l. To Ba )KH H 3a u030pje (y PMC no.ll. I 'npH30p, CQeHa', a .ll.ecPHHHl.{Hja 'npH30p' .ll.aTa je H 3a ii030P no.ll. 2), OCHM llITO je y Hawe BpeMe OBOj peQH .ll.aTO HOBO 3Ha'leIbe y Ha3HBY cpeCTHBaJIa CwepujuHo iio30pje. HHje caCBHM jacaH ce MaHTH'lKH Pa3BOj y ywlie O.ll. ycilia (CKOK H OBY pe'I Ha3HBa "KOJIeKTHB Ha -je", aJIH je .ll.aHaC HeMOTHBHcaHa). KaKO HanOMHlLe CTeBaHOBHn 1964 1:489, -je ce jaBJLa H y TonOHHMH Ma Kao Bpalbe, flpoK)'iilbe, EyoUM/be H CJI., aJIH TO cy no nprumJIy HeMOTH BHcaHe pe'lH.
1.78.3. C npH.lJ.eBCKHM OCHOBaMa -je 03Ha'laBa OC06HHY. TaKBHx pe'lH je peJIaTHBHO MaJIO, aJIH cY CBe Y WHPOKOj yn01'pe6H: 30pa6.lbe, 6eCe.lbe, ao wwelbe, MWbe, Y3 0.ll.6aUHBalLe cycpHKca am-liU 06U/be, HaCU/be, ctl2Ilacje, cyje6lj)epje, AUlIeM(j)epje, 6e3YMlbe, 6e3f1alje H jow nOHeKa. 11 OB.ll.e cy ne CHHI.{H XIX BeKa 6HJIH H3Y3eTHO KpeaTHBHH: O. PHCTHn je y HaBe.ll.eHOM pa
130
TBop6a pelfll y caapeMeHOM cpncKOMje31!KY
CyljlllKCallHja
.ny, CTp. 292-293, 3a6ene)Imna 6e36puxje, uOHU3je, ce6u'Ije, (JelleoYlUje H ,npyre CnHtfHe KOBaHHl.(e. BH):{H H HHIKe, 1.78.5 H 1.78.6.
npH):{eaa (pooo.lby6.1be oc06HHa OHora KO je pOOO.lby6U6 H cn.), y Haqeny HeMa pa3J1ora .D.a npH):{eB cMaTpaMo npHM!.IpHHM, Hero je 60Jloe npemoCTa SHTH .D.a je O.D. HCTHX .D.aejy OCHOBa cnOIKeH Cj,JlHe c1paHe npH):{eB a C.D.pyre HMeHHQa. ,
1.78.4. Jom je Mafbe H3Be.D.eHHQa O.D. rnaronCKHX OCHoaa, a H:.HXOaO 3Hatfefbe He .D.a ce je.D.Ho06pa3HO onHcaTH. HajBalKHHjH npHMepH cy 1iaClle~e (-Clbe~e), HaCetbe, o6e;rexje (o6U1bexje), CIla8lbe, oOllu'lje (no 3HaT.fefbY ce Be3yje 3a rnaron OOlluK06aiUu, He 3a npH.D.ea HnH 3a HMeHHQY OOIlUKa), 3G iUulUje, upUMupje, Y'IelUne (O.D. OIqlILeHe OCHOBe rnarona Y'IeciU(Jo6aiUu). 1.78.5. OBO je je.D.aH O.D. Haj'lemnHX cyqlHKca y rpaljefby npe¢HKcan HO-CY¢HKcanHHX TBopeHHQa (llCT). HajBenH .D.eo fbHX 03HaT.faBa MeCTO, y Be3H CnOKaTHBHHM O.D.HOCHO ripe.llJ10mKHM 3Ha'lefbeM npe¢HKca, anH HMa H npHMepa r.D.e je HeMoryne .D.e¢HHHCaTH ¢YHKQHjy npeiflHKca (Hnp. UOKOlle Ibe) a HeKH nYT HH npeiflHKca HH cyiflHKca (Hnp. y30Gpje). C npeiflHKcoM 3G-, pel.(HMO, 3HaT.fefbe 'H3a' je Hec)'MfbHBo y 3Me~e H 3azopje (3azopje), anH 3a'letbe (c .D.Ba 3Hatfefba) H 3azna8lbe CHryPHO ce He 6H .D.anH MOTHBHca TH CHHTarMOM O.D. npe.llJ10ra 3a H HMeHHl.(e. llPOCTOPHO 3HaT.fefbe je He.D.BO CMHcneHO y H3Be.D.eHHl.(aMa C npeiflHKCOM UOO- (uooHe6.1be, UOiUKp06.1be, iloiUilMy6.1be, uoozopje, iflHrypaTHBHO y uoopy'lje H uooHoxje), upeo (upeoco6.1be, ilpe06opje, upeozpa~e, BpeMeHCKH y Upe06e'lepje), UpU- (ilpu Mopje, UpU3e.M.fbe, upuo6a.1be, upu6pexje) H Me~y- (Me~yp[uj]e'lje, Me~y Mypje). H3 CHHTarMH C npe.llJ10rOM 6e3- HaCTanH cy 6e3aKOlbe, 6e361lalUlie, 6eciiyne (a HapaBHO H 6e3YM.lbe, 6e3Ha~e, YKonHKO HX He H3BO.D.HMO H3 npH .D.eBa Kao rope). llpeiflHKc uo- 03Ha'laBa Kpaj OKO peKe y TonOHHMHMa llo 0YHa6.1be, lloMopa8lbe, lloca6.lbe, lloopa6.lbe, lloiUucje Hen., C BpeMeHCKHM 3HaqefbeM jaBJIoa ce y U06e'lepje, anH y HH3y .D.pyrHx peqH HeMa HHKaKBY O.D.peljeHY iflYHKQHjy: uociUo.lbe, UOZlla6.1be, uoupcje, fl06pne, uOKOllelbe (-.lbelbe), ilooytuje HT.D.. 0- ce 3aCHHBa Ha 3HaqefbY 'OKo(no)' y oKylije, oKpyxje, Kao H y o3pa'lje COKonHHa, aTMociflepa, mTHMYHr': KpoaTH3aM, nOpeKJIOM H3 cnOBeHaqKOr, npeMa AHHny), a HeMajacHor 3Haqefba y OKpU .lbe. O.D. OCTanHX H3Be.D.eHHl.(a oaor THna 6Hne .D.OaOJloHO nOMeHYTH Hapy'lje, HMu'lje, y3Z1la8lbe, Y30apje, pa360~e, pa3oo6.1be, Ca36(uj)ex~e, Ca36Y'lje, caY'lelUne (nocne.D.H>a 6H Morna 6HTH H qHCTO npeiflHKcanHa, Tj. ca + y'le IUne, HnH .D.eBep6an O.D. caY'leciU606aiUu).
1.78.6. -Je Hana3HMO H y BenHKOM 6pojy cnOIKeHHX peqH, Kao xooo 'IalUne, upacK030pje, 6uHozopje, Mecoje~e, c6eiUozp~e, UYHoMolije, upa6o cy~e, UPCl3HOCl108lbe, uOllyzo~e, o60611alUne HT.D.. Ty 6H caaKaKO Tpe6ano .D.O.D.aTH H OHe Kao Cpe003e.M.fbe, MU/lOCp~e, CIlaoociUpalUne, pooo.lby6.1be, 'Io6(j)eKo.lby6.1be (H .D.OCTa .D.pyrHx Ha -.lby6.1be), iUpoM(j)eCe'lje, o(JoZllacje, ciUollene (-.lbene), upa60Clla8lbe, C6eUtOCa6.lbe, upUpoooCllo8lbe H cn., r.D.e ca HCTHM OCHOBaMa nocTojH H npH):{eB Ha -aHI-Hu, Ha -U6 O.D.HOCHO Ha -CKU. Ma.D.a 6H Hac .D.eiflHHHl.(Hja Helm nYT Morna HaBeCTH .D.a HX H3BO.D.HMO H3
131
1.78.7. -OBJIoe!-eBJhe je CyiflHKc 36HpHOr3Haqefba, OJ{ -je .D.O.D.aror Ha rmypanHo -o6ul-e6U. Hana3HMO ra y 6pooo8lbe H y 3HaTHO peljHM 06nHQHMa Kao 6Q.t108Ibe, pozo8lbe, zpo606.1be, Kpo608lbe, lIpeilO8lbe H en. HHje jacHo Ka KO ce Hamao y peqH 3pHe8lbe, HH 3amro OHa HMa -e- noene TBpJ{or cyrnacHH Ka. lloce6aH cnyqaj je Y2lbe8lbe, Koje HHje 36HpHa HMeHHQa y npaBOM CMH cny (6Y.D.ynH .D.a je HMeHHQa yZa.lb HOHaKO He6pojHBa), Hero HMa noce6Ho 3Haqefbe, 'IKap y sa1pH, y nehH, pa3ropenH .D.pseHH yran. HJIH .D.PBO'. 1.79. CyiflHKC -jo, KaKO CMO Ben HanoMeHynH, caMO je BapHjaHTa cy iflHKca -ja ca 3HatfefbeM MymKor 6Hlia, .D.aKJIe y 6pajo, pO~O, ZO.lbO Hen., y3 TO Y MHOrHM HMeHHMa KaO rajo, Myjo, He~o HTJ{., )'BeK C.D.yrOY3na3HHM aKQeHTOM. BH):{H no.D. 1.1.4. 1.80. CBe HaBO.D.He cyiflHKce CnOT.feTKOM Hajy- (TaKO cy .D.aTH KO.D. Ma peTHna H KO.D. Ba6Hlia), Tj. -jyza, -jy.lb(a)K, -jypa, -jypoa, -jypuHa, -jyplluja, -jYlUa, -jytuKa, TPeTHpaMO Kao cyiflHKce Ha y- c jOTOsafbeM, .D.aKJIe -yza, -Y.lb(a)K HT.D.. 1.81. -Ka je je.D.aH O.D. HajBalKHHjHX HMeHHT.fKHX cyiflHKca y cnOBeH CKHM je3HQHMa. Yna3H Kao .D.pyrH eneMeHT y BenHKH 6poj CnO)KeHHX cy iflHKca, 3a Koje B. HH)Ke, 1.81.9 H .D.an.e. OCHoBe Ha -K, -z, -x H -li ce nanaTa nH3yjy HCnpe.D. ODOr cyiflHKca, Ma.D.a 6poj npHMepa HHje BenHKH: pY'lKa, Upe'lKa (no Ba6HllY 1986:247 H3Se.D.eHO je "O.D. npHJIora", .D.aKJIe O.D. upeKo), 3Ha'lKa (aKo je O.D. 3HaK, qeMY je no CMHcny 6nHlI<e Hero rnarony 3Ha'luiUu), pOIUKa (a. CKoKa no.D. poz), KpU60pOUlKa 'TBp.D.OIqllpIal.( KpHBHX porosa', zpalUKa (O.D. zpax), COIUKa (0.D. coxa), K60'lKa (O.D. K6pllaiUu). Y cpnCKOM, Kao liTO je HCTaKao BomKoBH1i1936, -Ka liMa 3HaTHO YII
Cy
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133
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3liKY
npeMa JYlluja(Ha), PYWKa npeMa Pyxa, CUeWKa npeMa. CHeXalla H cn. ,l(PYrH, ycne,[( qeCTe ynoTpe6e, OCaMOCTaIbyjy ce H BHlIle ce He ocenajy Kao 06nHUH O,[(MHna, Hnp. AHKa, 30pKa, ,aaHKa. MUIlKa. 113pa3HTO je XHnOKopH CTHqHO -Ka Ka,[( ,[(ona3H nocne BOKana, H~ KPlbY OCHOBY, Y ,[(BOCnO)!(HHM HMeHHMa ,[(yrOY3na3HOr aKueHTa, Kao y JeKG « Je.nella), COKa « Copuja), CiUaKa, r{aKa H cn., lIITO Ba)!(H H 3a anenaTHBe Kao 6aKa, ceKa, CUKa « CU ca, y '[(eqjeM rOBOpy). MCTH Cy
1.81.1. HeKa'[(allIlbH '[(eMHHYTHBH, ,[(aHac HCT03HaqHH ca OCHOBHOM peqjy, KOjy cy y BenHHH cnyqajeBa 3aMeHHnH, jecy clj)eHKa, X)lMKa, iUpYll Ka, 60lbKa, je.nKa H cn. 1J:ecTo ce H3Bo,[(e 0,[( )!(eHCKHX HMeHHua Ha cyma CHHK, Kao y 6aWKa, KOKOWKa, 36(uj)epKa, If(uj)e6Ka, KOCKa H cn., r,[(e je Be pOBaTHo (Kao H y [K]nepKa) ,[(enOBana nOTPe6a ,[(a ce onaKllIa npoMeHa no na,[(e)l(HMa. JOlli je'[(aH OCTaTaK ,[(eMHHYTHBHOCTH CBaKaKO je cHHrynaTHBHo 3Haqelbe, y HMeHHuaMa Koje, KaKO Ka)!(e CTeBaHoBHn (HaB. M.), ,,3Haqe je ,[(HHKy H3'[(BojeHY H3 KOneKTHBa, H3 36Hpa H Bene KOnHqHHe OHora llITO 03HaqaBa OCHOBHa peq". THnHqHe TaKBe peqH cy 6U1bKa, iUpa6Ka, CJlaMKa, clj)eMeHKa, zpaWKa ('3pHO rpaxa', anH ,[(aHac MHoro qellIne y MeTa<po PHQKOM H3pa3Y zpaWKa 3Hoja), MaCIlUHKa (caMO nno,[(, ,[(OK MaCllUHa MO)!(e 03HaQaBam ,[(PBO HnH nno,[(). ,l(a6Hn 2000:201-202 cMaTpa,[(a oBaKBY Bpe,[( HOCT HMa H 60nKa y O,[(HOCY Ha 36HPHY HMeHHUY 60ne. Pa3nHQHTe '[(pyre, yrnaBHoM MeToHHMHjcKe, ceMaHTHqKe npoMeHe y O'[(HOCY Ha OCHOBHY peq HMaMO y peweiUKa, ilIlenKa, 60nKa, ciUpaHKa, cpenKa, HaOllapKa (3MHja), IlUCKa (y 60TaHHUH TepMHH ca 3HaqelbeM 'nJbO CHaTa nOBpIIIHHa nHCTa, lamina'; jOlli TpH 3Haqelba y PMC) H cn. TIoHer'[(e cy MOTHBaUHOHe Be3e 3aMyneHe, Kao y wuilKa (r,[(e Mano KO jOlli ocena Be3Y C peqjy wu6a, Ben H 3aTO llITO cy llIHnKe no npaBHny 0,[( MeTana) HnH 6uce pKa (6e3 cyMlbe HCKpHBJbeHO 0,[( MucupKa = MHcHpcKa KOKOllIKa, Ma,[(a CKOK 0 TOMe He rOBopH).
Y cnopTcKoj TepMHHonomjH oBaj Cy
rpa~e
lbe HeKonHKO n03HaTHX H3pa3a Kao llITO cy oiJ60jKa (HMeHHua oiJ60j je y PMC 03HaqeHa Kao "He06."; -60j- ce HHaqe KOPHCTH Kao anOMOp
3aXTeBH je3HqKe eKoHoMHje (B. liopHn 1991, noce6Ho Ha CTp. 329 H ,[(aIbe) Ben cy paHHje HaMeTHynH CTBapalbe YHHBep6aUHja Kao llITO cy ile iUpollejKa = ileiUpollejcKa llaMiia HnH pea.rtKa = peatll/a ZUMl1a3uja, a y HOBH je BpeMe lbHXOB 6poj ce YBenaBa. 1'lopHn 6ene)!(H Hy/C/leapKa = Hy/C/leapHa lfelliUpafla, ZeHepaflKa ('reHepanHa np06a' HnH 'reHepanua onpaBKa'), PYCH 3aM J.WC06Ka (MaCOBHa cueHa), ca06pahajKa (ca06pahajHa Hecpena), HeOHKa (HeOHCKa ueB), TOillluiJepKa (<paMHnHjapHH Ha3HB 3a TonqH,[(epcKY peKy y Eeorpa,[(y), qeMY MO)!(eMO ,[(o,[(aTH H HajlloHKa (HajnoH qapana) H MaWUlIKQ (MallIHHCKa nYllIKa). TIocne'[(lbHX rO,[(HHa, y rOBOpy OMna,[(HHe BeOMa cy pac npOCTPalbeHe pluralia tantum Kao iUellUCKe (= iiieHUCKe ilaiUuKe = eurn. ten nis shoes), lle6UCKe, aiJuiJacKe (no HMeHY npoH3BO~aqa)67. HHje BepOBaTHO ,[(a ce YHHBep6aUHjoM MO)!(e CMaTPaTH H peq tjJapMepKe, 6y,[(ynH ,[(a HHKO, KO nHKO HaM je n03HaTO, He ynOTPe6JbaBa H3pa3 tjJapMepcKe ilaHiUaflOHe.
1.81.2. -Ka cna,[(a (y3 -ulIa, -Ulba H -KUIbIJ) Me~y HajBa)!(HHje MOUHOHe Cy
npHpO,[(HOM pO.[(y. MOUHOHO -Ka HMaMO H y MHorHM HMeHHMa H3Be,[(eHHM H3 MyllIKHX, Kao J06aHKa, H6aHKa, CiUojaHKa, ,4ywaHKa, CiUe6Ka, PaiJojKa, MUIlojKa HT,[(. TOMe TPe6a ,[(o,[(aTH H <paMHnHjapHe )!(eHCKe 06nHKe ,,0'[( npe3HMeHa My)!(eBJbeBa" (EenHn 1936:259) THna CilacunKa, lloil06unKa. Ea6Hn 1991 :257 Ka)!(e ,[(a cy OBaKBe H3Be,[(eHHue "CTHnCKH 06HJbe)!(eHe" H ,[(a HX "qeCTO Hana3HMO y XYMOPHCTHqKOM CTHny HnH y XYMOPHCTHqKH HHTOHH paHHM peqeHHuaMa", 3a llITa HaBO,[(H BHllIe npHMepa H3 xpBaTcKHx nHcaua. ,l(o'[(aT y3 Cy
1936:258-259 je nHcao ,[(a ce "MO)!(,[(a ... nOqHlbY TH HaCTaBUH ,[(H
Yn. Ii HajKe (0.11 eHrn. Nike), r.ne je caM 3aBPWHIi cen.lelIT IiMeHa IiCKopliwheH Kao
.lla je Cy
135
TBOp63 pe'lH y C3BpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CyqlilKcaUHja
cnY'lajeBa Heenarafha y PO,ny THna "fipHTaHCKH npeMHjep je peKna... ", Ka ,na je HOBHHapHMa CaBeTOBaHO ,na ynoTpe6e 06J1HK upeMujepKa, nOKlnanO ce ,na ra MHorn o,n fhlfX 1f36eraBajy Kao npeTepaHO q,aMlfJ1HjapaH.
8apKa, zpeZUKa, iiozpelUKa, OMaZUKa, C8upKa, 3au(j)eeKa H CJ1. llpe,nMeT HllH pe3YJ1TaT pa,nILe MOry 3Ha'lHTH iiOZUUlbKa, uocilia8Ka, cfllleiliKa, uoii(uj)e8Ka, 3aiipzuKa H en., a Hapo'lHTO H3Be,neHH~e o,n rnaroJ1a ca 3Ha'ieILeM Bep6anHe KOMYHHKa~Hje, Kao iipeiliiiocilia8Ka, 3aM(j)epKa, oor.;Y)eiliKa, upeocilia8Ka,
134
~o,nasaIbeM Ha HMeHIf~e ca cyq,lfKClfMa -uja, -lluja, -l,JUja HaCTajy 06
nlf~1f -u(j)Ka, -lIulj)Ka, -ttu(j)Ka, y KojHMa ce j ry61f Y rOBOpy, a Haj'lewne H y nHcaIbY: KOMzuu(j)Ka, HUlUllulj)Ka, Ee'lJlu(j)Ka, iliPOZUattulj)Ka, iipolwoa
ttu(j)Ka If cn.
Kao 3aMeHa 3U MYWKH Cyq,lfKC, noce6HO y eTHH~HMa, -Ka ,n0J1a3H yrnaBHoM HaMeCTO -(a)1,f (Ctt08eHKa, l(pHozopKa, EocaHKa, Xepl,feZ08Ka, AycilipujaHKa, JaiiaHKa, HHoujKa, JazoouHKa, Batbe8Ka, iipUMopKa, iipo BUHl,fujaJIKa, 3110'lUHKa, OMllaOUllKa HT,n.: B. fiowKoBHIi 1936:37) H HaMeCTO -UH (EyzapKa, E8poiiJbaHKa, 1l18e~aHKa, PUMJ'baUKa, lfa'laHKa, ~uzaHKa, Je8pejKa, 8apozuaHKa, OpXa8lbaHKa, zpa~allKa, xpUZUnaltKa HT,n.). YMecTo -(a)K ,nonlnH CaMO y iiaciliopKa. lloce6HH cnyqajeBH cy CapajKa (YMecTo peryJ1apHOr, anH caCBHM Hey06H'IajeHor Capajllu[j]Ka 1fJ11f Capaje8Ka) H CelbaHKa (no 3HaqeIbY If ynoTpe61f q,eMHHlfHYM o,n CetbaK, Ma,na je q,0pMan HO o,n CetbaHuH).
1.81.3. Meljy H3Be,neHIf~aMa o,n IfMeHlf'lKe OCHOBe Tpe6a nOMeHym H HlnHBe :>KHBOTHILa Ma'lKa, iiailiKa, ZYCKa, nYPKa, K)''IKa, Me'lKa, KaHapuHKa. O,n IbHX 61f ce je,nHHo K)''IKa Morna CMaTpaTIf 3a MOBHpaHIf 06nlfK, H TO YKonlfKO je H3BO,nlfMO 1f3 HeyTpyMa Ky'le (3a ,npYK'Ilfje TYMa'ieILe B. 1.134.1). Ko,n npBe qeTlfPIf pe'lH :>KeHCKH po,n je OCHOBHIf (03Ha'iaBa ,no TH'IHY :>KHBOTHIbCKY BPCTY yonWTe), WTO 3Ha'lH,na 6H MOBHpaHIf 6HJ1H My WKH 06nHUH Ma'laK, iiailiaK, zycaK (-aH), nypaH. Me'lKa (B. L134.1) HHje npaBH q,eMHHHHYM 0,nMe08(j)eo, nowTO ry yJ10ry IfcnYILaBaMeOe(j)eOUl,fa. Haj3a,n, KaHapUH1<:a H KaHapUHal,f ce ynoTpe6n,aBajy Kao CHHOHHMH, 06HqHO 6e3 PlnJ1lfKOBafha nplfpo,nHor nOJ1a. 1.81.4. O,n npH.neBCKe OCHOBe, aKO He pa'lYHaMO rope nOMeHyTe YHH Bep6a~lfje THna peaJIKa, H3Be,neHH~a IfMa BpJ10 Mano. YrJ1aBHOM cy TO I,fPH
Ka, 6(uj)e.nKa (Kpasa HJ1H ,npyra :>KlfBOTlfIba), paHKa (wn,lfBa IfnH ,npyro BO lie), ciliapKa ('1empH 3Ha'lefha y PMC, anH HHje,nHo ,naHac HHje y mHpoKoj ynoTpe6H), IIUMeHKa, CIIUHa8Ka (60necT) If MO:>K,ll;a jow Koja. He pa'lyHaMO OB,ne npHMepe Kao WTO cy MailiopKa, uHilie.neKiliYaJIKa (MoBHpaHo npeMa HMeHH~aMa Ha -[a]I,f), iliuili08Ka (BIf,n1f ,nOJ1e Cyq,lfKC -08Ka), HHTH 6110HOUH Ka, Koje nOMHILe CTeBaHoBHIi, anH Koje HHje o,n npH.neBa Hero o,n HMeHH~e 6110HOUHa < HeM. Blondine.
1.81.S. I-13Be,neHH~a o,n rnarOJ1a IfMa ,nOCTa H PlnHOBpCHor cy 3Ha'lefha. llOHMeHH'IeHY rnaronCKY pa,nIby O,nHOCHO '1lfH 03Ha'iasajy Ha6a8Ka, iiP03U8 Ka, oiipa8Ka, uoiipa8Ka, ucUpa8Ka, iipeiiucKa, iioopzuKa, 6uiliKa (H3Y3eTHO ca ili H3 IfHq,HHHTHBa, jep je rnaroncKa OCHOBa npeKpaTKa), 'IUCiliKa (pycH3aM),
6e.neZUKa (6U1bezuKa), 3a6e.nezuKa (3a6UlbelUKa), upuuoB(uj)eiliKa, 3(JZOHeiliKa, oozoHeiliKa, jaouK08Ka H CJ1. ~0CTa je pe"lH ca 3Ha'ieILeM npe,nMeTa: opzuKa, cUojKa, 3aKU8Ka, 3aKa'lKa, upociliupKa, Ha6piliKa, oupKa, I,fpuKa, 36e'lKa, 3Ha"IKa (aKo je o,n 3Ha'luiliu, Ma,na ce no CMHCJ1Y npe Be3yje 3a HMeHHQY 3HaK), a TaKO H oojKa. Ha :>KHBOTHILe ce o,nHoce zyzyiliKa, K80'lKa, II08Ka
(Ma'iKa Koja J10BH MOweBe), a Ha n,y,nCKa 6Hlia (oneT OCTaBJI>ajyliH no CTpaHH MOBHpaHe 06J1HKe) MO:>K,!l.a je,nHHo cepeupKa68 •
1.81.6. O,n OCHOBe 36HpHHX 6pojeBa cy o8ojKa, ilipojKa, 'Ieili60pKa, ca 3Ha'ieILeM nOHMeHH'IeHOr 6poja H y06H'IajeHHM CeKYH.napHHM 3Ha'ieILHMa o~eHe, KapTe, B03HJIa H CJ1H'IHO. O,n 5 HaBHwe OBa 3Ha'lefha npey3HMajy 06 nH~H o,n pe,nHor 6poja nJIYc -Ul,fa (ueiliul,fa HT,n.), ,nOK ueili0pKa H zueciliop Ka yrJ1aBHOM 3Ha'le rpyny o,n neT O,nHOCHO weCT n,y,nH. Y3 TO, Kao pluralia tantum (B. Tep3Hn B. 1999:125-126), ilipojKe, 'Ieili80pKe, ueiliopKe, zue ciliopKe 03Ha'iasajy,neQY H3 BHwecTPYKHX nopoljaja (pelje je o80jKe ca 3Ha 'IefheM '6J1H3aH~H' HJ1H '6nH3HaKHfhe'). 3a Bene 6pojeBe OBaKBH 06J1HlUI HHCy y06H'IajeHH, TaKO ,na pe·U!. ceo MopKa H OCJUopKa H HeMa y PMC, a (}e8eiliopKa H oeceiliopKa ,naTH cy CaMO
3a 3aCTapeJIHM 3Ha'lefheM 6ypcra o,n ,neBeT (,neceT) aKOBa. C ,npyre CTpaHe, o,n OCHOBe Kap,nHHanHor 6poja HMaMO oe8eiliKa (oe8eiliul,fa HHje y06H'Iaje HO y Cp6HjH) H oeceiliKa (oeceiliutIQ ce plnJ1HKYje no 3Ha'leH>Y), a o,n pe,n Hor 6poja cilioiliKa. 1.81.7. Ha CytPHKC -Ka 3aBpmasajy ce MHor06pojHe enO:>KeHH~e, 6HJIO ,na HM je cTpyKrypa npH,neB + HMeHH~a (l,fpHOZlla6Ka, 6[j]e.noyzuKa, I,fp8eH uepKa), 6poj + HMeHH~a (080ouHapKa, 0801,f[ujJe8Ka, jeoHO'lUHKa, OCMO lIeiliKaI-lbeiliKa) HJ1H,na y ,npyroM ,neny HMajy rJIarOJICKY OCHOBY, Kao y 60 ZOMOIbKa, 'IeOOMOpKa, paoooajKa, MUZUOIl06Ka, oyzuezyUKa HT,n.
1.81.8. lloMeHHMo Ha Kpajy ,na ce 3aBpmeTaK -Ka cpene y BeJ1HKOM 6pojy HeMOTHBHCaHHX pe'm, Koje BeOMa J1H'Ie Ha OHe ca CytPHKCOM, Ma,na HX He MO:>KeMO CMaTpaTH H3Be,neHHn,aMa. TaKBe cy 'Ia81W, ZUKOIbKa, ue'lyp Ka, KOII(uj)e8Ka, oacKa, MoiliKa, uyuoca, 'lUUKa, UaJla'lUHKa, cypyiliKa, 'Ieili Ka H ,npyrn HlnHBH npe,nMeTa.
CJ10:>KeHH CytPHKCH: 68 CJlH'IHOr je 06JlHKa H KacupKa, aJIH he GIITH MOBHpaHo 0,0; KQCUP (,Il;Ila lI.HT3Ta y
PMC) npe Hero 0,0; rnaron3 Kacupaii1u. 0,0; fJlarona Ha -upaii1u HMaMO jow H peueii1upKQ 'nYWKa Koja ce nYIIH peneTHpalbeM' H copii1upKa ('MawHlla 33 COpTHpalbe' npeMa PMC).
137
TBopGa pe'IH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje311KY
Cy
1.81.9. -ABKa .lI:OmnH yrnaBHoM Ha HMeHH'lKe OCHOBe, peije Ha rna rOJICKe H npH.lI:eBCKe. O.ll: 06H'lHHjHX pe'lH HaJIa3HMO ra je.ll:HHO y CJlyxa6 Ka, y3 TO Y 36UXoa6Ka (BpCTa .lI:HBJbe rraTKe: TaKoije 36UXOapa, 36UXOap Ka), 6U)elIa6Ka (6eJIa KpaBa, y PMC Cje.ll:HHM QHTaTOM H3 C~. PaHKoBHna), uella6Ka (BpcTa MYBe Koja rreQKa, HJIH 3aje.ll:JbHBa \pHMe.ll:6a, rreQKaJIHQa). Kao MaFbe yo6H'lajeHa BapHjaHTa O.ll: -a6uqa jaBJba ce y 6paoa6Ka (= 6pa.ll:a SHQa), ayja6Ka (rJIHCTa), Uipeaa6Ka; iiuja6Ka MO:lKe 6HTH HCTO llITO H auja 6ulIa, HIlH OpraH KojHM rrHjaSIfQa H CJIH'lHe :lKHBOTHfhe cHrny KpS. Ha3HB nTHQe KYKYMa6Ka CKOK H3BO.ll:H H3 OHOMaTorreje KJlKY, aJIH He o6jawIMBa O.ll:aKJIe -M-. 11 -a6Ka je nOHajrrpe Momo HaCTaTH H3 pe'lH C npH.lI:eBCKHM cy IPHKCOM -a6 (XUIla6Ka, CJlUHa6Ka H CJI.), aJIH je MO:lK.ll:a .lI:eJIOSaJIa H aHaJIO rHja C MHoro6pojHHM pe'lHMa r.ll:e -a6- rrpHrra.ll:a caMoj OCHOBH: 6uj02//a6Ka H .lI:pyre Ha -2//a6Ka, oapooa6Ka H .lI:pyre Ha -oa6Ka, :lKeHCKa HMeHa Ha -C(/l)a6Ka HT.lI:.
KOM -aHUH". 3aHCTa, OCHM 3a llJbe6JbaHKa, CBH .lI:pym OS.lI:e HaBe.ll:eHH rrpH MepH HMajy HacnpaM ce6e H 06JIHKe Ha -aUUH, rroTBpijeHe y pe"IHHQHMa, llITO 6H 3Ha'lHJIO .lI:a je CYIPHKC -Ka. JilCTH CYIPHKC Kao MOUHOHH jaBJba ce H HacrrpaM MyrnKor -(a)/.I (Kao y AppUKaHat/ AppUKaHKa, He3Hauat/ - He
136
3HaHKa).
TIpaBH CYIPHKC -aUKa HMaMO MO:lK.ll:a caMO y ttajallKa, KuliaUKa (C jOTO BaHOM OCHOBOM), a O.ll: rnarOJICKeOCHose ciUajaHKa ("MeCTO Ha aep0.ll:pOMY r.ll:e CToje aBHOHH", PMC) H iUyao6aHKa. TOMe 6HCMO HrraK J{OJ{aJIH H ce JbaUKa (eTHMOJIOrnKH O.ll: CeJbaH[uuj + -Ka, aJIH J{aHac Kao IPeMHHHHYM npe Ma CeJbaK), rra H 'lUUiaHKa, t/piUaHKa, iiucaHKa, 6U)ex6aHKa. uapaHKa, Koje ce rro 3Ha'leFbY Be:lKY npe 3a rnarOJICKY OCHOSY Hero 3a TPrrHe rrpHJ{eBe 'lU iUaH, qpiUaH H CJI. CYIPHKC -aUKa OBHM pe'lHMa rrpH3Haje H Ba6Hn (1991 :266), .lI:o.ll:ajyllH HM H aujaHKa, aJIH y OBOj rrOCJIe.ll:fhoj CYIPHKC 6H MO rao 6HTH H -Ka, rrornTO ce rrpe Hero 3a rnaron iiuiUu Be3yje 3a nojaM iiujaH ("caCTaHaK Ha KOM ce MHoro rrHjy aJIKOXOJIHa rrHna, rrHjaH'lelbe, rrHjaH'leBa lbe" rnaCH .lI:eIPHHHQHja y PMC).
1.81.10. -OBKa .lI:OIla3H y3 HMeHH'lKe OCHOBe y MafheM 6pojy pe'lH: UiuUio6Ka, 6U)eiUpo6Ka (rrpeso.ll: repMaHH3Ma 6uHojaKHa), xpeHo6Ka (BHp wJIa), aKiUo6Ka C.lI:Ba 3Ha'lefha, , je.ll:HO'lHHKa' (pycH3aM?) HJIH .lI:eJIHMH'lHH npeBO.ll: repMaHH3Ma aKUieH-iUaWHa. Y 60TaHHQH HMaMO HejacHo MOTHBH caHe Ha3llBe 6HJbaKa xyUiUllo6Ka (TaKoije xyUlUlluqa HJIH xyUiUllo6a iUpa6a) H 6paHUIl06Ka (= 6paHUIl06a Uipa6a); y 300JIOrHjH ce je.ll:Ha rrOpO.ll:H ua rpa6JbHBHX llTHQa 30Be COKO/106Ke (Falconiformes). 113 'lernKor je HeMO THBHCaHO 36pojo6Ka; yrr. H Ha3HS KpywKe H KpyrnKOSa'le 6U1baM.06Ka (OJ{
copTe Koja ce Ha HeMa'lKOM 30Be Williamsbirne, O'lHrJIe.ll:HO rro rrpe3HMeHY HeKor 60TaHH'lapa HJIH O.ll:rajHBa'la).
1.81.10.1. O.ll: rrpH.lI:eBCKe OCHOBe je Ha3HB 3MHje puljo6Ka, aJIH MOTH saUHja HHje jacHa, 6Y.ll:ynH .lI:a ce y PMC .lI:eIPHHHwe Kao '3MHja OTPOBHHQa rrerreJbaCTOCHBe 60je'. O.ll: rnarOJICKe OCHOBe cy /laKUp06Ka H ypa6HUIlo6Ka: rOBopHTH 0 noce6HoM CYIPHKCY ...!106Ka pa.ll:H OBor .lI:pyror He 6H HMaJIO CMHCJIa, rrOWTO cy o6e pe'lH 'lHCTH PYCH3MH. He cna.ll:ajy OBaMO pe'lH y KojHMa je -06Ka MOQHOHH 06IlHK rrpeMa -o6(a)lI, mrra ppoHUio6Ka, Ho6etl06Ka, xepqeao6Ka, HHTHjaouKo6Ka (o.ll:ja oUKo6[aUiu] + -Ka).
1.81.11. -AHKa. "CaMO y: Ea'lSaHKa, Ma'lBaHKa, TY3JIaHKa, .lI:OMH WJbaHKa" TBP.ll:HO je Mapemn 1963:311, ynynyjynH Ha CYIPHKC -jaHKa (aJIH no.ll: -JaHKa, CTp. 328, .lI:ane caMO ,,6pijaHKa, Cefhamca H T. .lI:." H yny THTH Ha CYIPHKC -Ka). CIlH"IHO TOMe, CTeBaHOBHn je (1964 1:503) HaBeo npHMepe TY3/laHKa, llJbe6JbaHKa H >O'laHKa, 3aKJbY'lyjynH .lI:a 6H Ty Ha CTasaK Morao 6HTH -aHKa C 063HpOM Ha TO .lI:a je MyWKH PO.ll: Ha oaK. TIo TOM HrraK .lI:o.ll:aje: "A HHje HCKJbY'leHO HH .lI:a cy ce MyrnKa HMeHa CTaHOB HHKa .lI:OTH'lHHX rpa.ll:oBa, Kao H BenHHa .lI:pyrHx, HeKa.ll:a H3BO.ll:HIla HaCTaS
1.81.12. 3a CYIPHKC -HHKa MapeTHn je TBP.ll:HO .lI:a ce jaBJba "caMO y
,.
1
uaWUHKa, iUyljuHKa" (1963:336). Y cTBapH Te .lI:Be pe'lH HMajy CyqJHKC -Ka, jep cy caMO :lKeHCKH 06nHQH O.ll: HawuHat/ O.l{HOCHO Uiyljultaq; HCTO Ba:lKH 3a .lI:pyre MOBHpaHe 06JIHKe Kao J(atlMaUiUUKa, De6aHiUuHKa H 3a OHe r.ll:e je y OCHOSH HMeHHQa Ha -UHa, KaO MaCJlUHKa, M.aWUHKa. TIpaBH CYIPHKC -iillKa
HaJIa3HMO y HeKOJIHKO H3se.ll:eHHua yrJIaBHOM O.ll: HMeHH'lKe OCHOBe, Kpajfbe Pa3HOSpCHor 3Ha'lefha. 06H'lHHje cy caMO 6e'lepUlIKa H ce60MUHKa 69, a MO:lKeMO HM .lI:O.ll:aTH H cyrrCTaHJ{ap.ll:HO r/JMUHKa (PeTKO r/JMUllZa)70, 3aTHM /103UHKa 'JI03a', oyoUlIKa Kao BapHjaHTa O.ll: oyoultJKa (B. pe'lHHK CAHY) H aa30UHKa (rro PMC npoBHHuHjaJIH3aM ca 3Ha'lefheM '6oraTa .lI:eBojKa, nIH 6oraTarna'. OBaj CYIPHKC MO:lKe 6HTH H perHOHaJIHa HJIH 3aCTapena BapHjaH Ta O.ll: -uKa -uj(a) + -Ka), Kao y KOMWUHKa, Kapey.uHKa, KJljYH~uHKa. Yno ry MOQHOHor CYIPHKca HMa H y DaAUIIKa, HacrrpaM DMa. Haj3a.l1:,jaBJba ce H y HeKonHKO :lKeHCKHX HMeHa, rrpe CBera Jby6uHKa, J(apuHKa H /1/lUHKa
«
69 OBO ,npyro nOCMaTp3MO K30 H3BeJ{eHHUY o,n ce60a.n.uja. YKonHKO 6HCMO ra H3BO J{HnH o,n ce60ax, MO)l(Jta 6H ce Morno roSOpHTH H 0 CY
70 O,n rnarona ¢a.n.uiUu, KOjH je J{enoM oJ{ HTalI. fallire a J{enOM OJ{ jYlKHOHeMa'iKor
fo/en (= flh/en). CyljlHKC -UHKal-uHza, no CKOKY (s. v. ¢a.n.uiU), YKa3HBaO 6H Ha HeM3'1KO -ung, anll OH caM npll3Haje J{a y HeMa'iKOM *Falul1g IIJIII *Fehlung Hllje nOTBpljeHo, HHTH je jacHo KaKO 611 y Morno npeliH y u. HCTH npo6neM saJI(H H 3a A03UHKa 'napona' OJ{ HeMa'iKOr
Losung, anH TO je y CBaKOM cny'!ajy HeMOTHBHCaHa pe'!.
138
139
Tsop6a pelfH Y caspeMcHoM CPIlCKOM je3HKY
Cy
(pelfHHK MHnHue fpKOBHn 6ene)!(H Ii 'Byplju1I1ca, KawwlIca, 3AaiiiuflKa, 06 paouHKa H ~pyro). He cna,n:ajy OBaMO HMeHa Kao }f(u6aouHKa, }f(u6ojuHKa, /(pazyiiiUlIKa, Koja cy OqHrne~HO H3Be~eHa Cy$HKCOM -Ka o~ o~roBapajy nHx MylIIKHX HMeHa.
1.81.16. -HJLKa je aHanorHO Cy$HKCy -WbKO, caMO O~ rnarona Ha -uiiiu. 03Ha'laBa cnpase: HOCUlbKa, l1lj)eoUlbKa, c6(j)eiiiWbKa (o~ C6{ujJe iiiuiiiu 'CBeTnern', yo. c6[jjeiiiu01-1UK: PMC 6eneiKH H cfJ[jjeiilAUlbKa C ~Ba UHTaTa), y3 TO caOWbKa H zaCUlbKa Kao CHHOHHMH 3a caoUll~l1a, zacUIlul1a. XpBaTCKO 2.flaCUlbKe 'maCHeiKHue, maCHHue' npe be 6HTl1 0,4 2.flac Hero o~ marona 2.flacuiiiu (ce).
Cy$HKC -Ka HMaMO H y OCMUHKa, lUeClIaeciiiulIKa (H33HBH HOTa), oe ceiiiUHKa (Haj'lelIIne y H3P33Y oeCeiiiUlIKD CeKYHoe), nOIIITO cy HecyMlhHBo H3Be~eHH o~ H33HBa 3a p33JIOMKe Ha -UHa. Je~HHo 68 ce y ciiioiiiulIKa MO rJIO rOBOpHTH 0 Cy$HKCy -iiHKa, 6y~ynH ~a ciiioiiiulla He 3Ha'lH p33JIOMaK.
I.SI.13. -Ajlea. Y lbylbajKa (= JLYJLaIIIKa), iiiOl1U1bajKa H y 3acTape JIOM lUe6eJbajKa ("y njecMH ce BeJIH ryCKH, jep lIIeBeJLH HJIH lIIeneJLH", 06 jalIIlhaBa Mapemn, 1963:307). I.S1.14. fI-ojlea ce jaBJLa y iKeHCKHM HMeHHMa Kao PaOojKa, MWlOj Ka, CiiiaHojKa, CAaOojKa, anH lhHX 6l1CMO CMaTpanH 3a MOBHpaue 6HJIO o~ nma Paooje, MUIloje HJIH o~ rnna PaoojKo, MUIlOjKO (B. HHiKe). npaBH cy $HKC HMaMO y H3Be~eHH~aMa O~ npH~eBCKHX OCHOBa UAa6ojKa, AeiiojKa (lbe-), MUAojKa 'MHna ~eBojKa', 1I1AaOojKa 'MJIa~Hua, MJIa~a iKeHa'. ,alj)e6ojKa ~aHac HHje npasa H3Be~eHH~a, Ma,n:a ce HeCYMlhHBO ocena TBOp 6eHa Be3a ca Olj)e6Ul1a H ca 3aCTapenHM HnH neCHH'lKHM o(j)e6a. !.JpllojKa, nope~ 3Ha'lelha '~pHKa', MOiKe 3Ha'lHTH 8 'iKeHCKH CTpyK KOHOnJLe', y On03HI.tHjH ca 6(j)e/lojKa 'MYIIIKa 6l1JLKa KOHOllJLHHa'. PMC npeHocH H3 PHCTHna-KaHrpre H fJeiiiojKa = fJeiiiaKU1ba, '6a'lBa o~ neT aKoBa', r~e je Be pOBaTHo ~eJIOBana aHanorHja ca 060jKa H iiipojKa (oBe ~Be cy o~ OCHOBe 36HpHor 6poja ca Cy$HKCOM -Ka). I.SI.IS. -.An.lea. ~o~aje ce Ha rJIarOnCKe OCHOBe (npeTeiKHO, anH He YBeK, O~ rnarOJIa Ha -aiiiu), a 3Ha'lH yrJIaBHOM npe~MeTe, je~HocTaBHe cnpaBe, ~enOBe ype~aja, Kao OY6a1bKa, UYllalbKa, uel1a1bKa, lUiiiuualbKa, UU CalbKa, MaxalbKa, 3aKa'lalbKa, 'lezpiiialbKa, 36U:JICOalbKa, uUlUiiialbKa, (C)Ka 3a1bKa (rnaron cKQ3aiiiu ,,3HatI110 je y 13-18. B. I1CTO lIITO 'noK33arn ''', 06 jalIIlhaBa CKOK s. v. Kasaiiiu), KAU3a1bKa, KoiiiypalbKa, pe3a1bKa, KaUalbKa, pa'lYHalbKa, l1pUalbKa, lUiiiPl1a1bKa, Ae:JICalbKa, UO'lU6a1bKa, Ciiie3a1bKa, X6a iiialbKa, CUCalbKa (nocJIe~Ebe ~Be H Kao H33HBH opraua KO~ iKHBOTHEba) H cn. Me~y xpBaTCKHM eHHrMaTH'lapHMa HaCTanH cy H33HBH 3arOHeTaKa HJIH cnOBHHX Hrapa KOjH cy (OCHM KpU:JICalbKa) npHMJLeHH H y Cp6HjH: CIlazalb Ka, uCilY1balbKa, OOOa6a1bKa, YMeiiialbKa, UOiiiUpalbKa H CJI. PeTKe cy ~pyre BpCTe 3HaqeEba, Kao y UOOMeiiialbKa, lIaM(j)elUiiialbKa, peOalbKa (oBa no cne~ffia y oncueHOM H3P33Y Ha peoalbKY), iiiY:JICalbKa TyiK6anHua), Hapu l1 a1bKa , c ~Ba 3HaqeEba: 'TyiK6anH~a' HnH 'HapHKaqa'. OCHM lhe, Ha JLy~cKa 6Hna ce O~Hoce jOIII H il(j)e6a1bKa (Ka$aHcKa neBaqH~a) H Oa6a1bKa, 06e ca lIIaJLHBO-nejopaTHBHHM npH3BYKOM.
I.SI.17. -ApKa ce jasJLa y MaEbeM 6pojy pe'lH, Y3 HMeHH'lKe OCHOBe, 6e3 o~pe~eHor 3Ha'leJha: ciiioiiiuHapKa (npeTeiKHo xpBaTCKI1 je 06mtK Cjo TOBaEbeM, ciiioiiiuH.>apKa), xUlbaoapKa, KQlUapKa (cjJopManHo Mo~a H o~ KOlUapa, anH ~aHac CeMaHTHtIKH Be3aHO 3a KOIU), a HapO'lHTO y 300JIOlIIKl1M H 60TaHHtIKHM TepMHHHMa: ca6JbapKa (pH6a), AelUfiiapKollbe-, K01l0wt>apKa (nTHue), AaciiiapKa (BpcTa ~HBJLe naTKe), fJeliUlIapKa (nTHua, TaKo~e PH 6a), iloiiio'lapKa (nTH~a, 3MHja, 6HJLKa), AU6aOapKa (BpcTa COBe HJIH 6HJL Ka), lUiiiuiiiapKa (6HJLKa), MaxyHapKe (6HJLKe C MaxYHaMa) HT~. HapaBHO, OBaMO He cna,n:ajy iKeHCKH 06JIHUl1 o~ HMeHHl{3 Ha -ap, Tlma CIluKapKa, yAU'lapKa, MUHuciiiapKa; KaMe1bapKa (nTH~a, 3MHja, y iKaproHY H H33HB 3a npOCTHTYTKY) npe 6H ce Be3anO 3a KaMelbap (~aKne ca Cy$HKCOM -Ka) Hero 3a KaMeH. I.S1.1S. -A'lKa (-a'lKa) ~on33H Ha marOJICKe oCHoBe, anH caMO y ~Be n03HaTe peqH, UZpa'lKa H iilbY6a'lKa. IJpuKU6Cl'lKa, ca 3Ha'lelheM KO iKHor lIITHTHHKa Ha nem UHnene, y PMC je npeHeTO H3 BYKoBor Pje'lHHKa, 6e3 UHTaTa. lbYlba'lKa je xpBaTCKH 06JIHK (y Cp6HjH lby/baIUKa). I.SI.19. Cy$HKC -HmKa, KaKO npHMenyje EyrapcKH 2001 1:68, "HC KJLy'lHBO je iKaproHCKH", H Kao H ~pyI'H npe$HKcH Te BpcTe, "He npHnaiKe OCHOBH HHIIITa y cMHcny 3Haqeffia". Morao je HaCTaTH no yrne~y Ha pycKe ~eMHHYTHBe, a Mo~a je H cn060~Ha KOM6HHaUHja ~oMaliHx eneMeHaTa. 113 MHOIIITBa npHMepa Koje HaBO~H EyrapCKH BH~H ce ~a My Kao OCHOBe cnyiKe HMeHHue, ~oMalie H C'rpaue (KailyiiiulUKa, l1uUe/lUIUKa, cyoapulUKa, XOiiie/lUIUKa, iiOKepUIUKa •.• ), anH H maronH (y6allUIUKa 'ynH3Hua; HaMe TJLHBau', oiiiKa'lulUKa 'ny~HJ10; ny~aK', 3a1by6uzuKa H CJI.), 'la* ce MOiKe ja BHTH y $YHIW,HjH Y3BHKa (cyiiepuIUKa!). HHje~Ha O.ll THX peqH HHje CTeKna IIIHpy ynOTpe6y, H8TH je BepOBaTHO ~a ne TPajHo OCTaTH y je3HKY. ~06po
I.S1.20. ·YmKa je .IleMHHYTHBHH Cy$HKC, 06H'IHHjH Y ~yrHM CJIO BeHCKHM je3H~HMa (o~aTne H HeO~OManeHH PYCH3MH 6a1iYZUKa, 6a6y1UKa 2, MaiiiYIUKa, 6pX)lUlKa) Hero y cpncKOM. C jOToBaffieM ce jaBJLa caMO y 6U1by IUKa (O.ll 6U1le: npB06HTHH 06nHK, no CKOKY, TaKo~e je 6HO nJIypanaH, 6U IbYIUKe). O~ HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe cy H ileJlYlUKa H 6a6YZUKol 'oKpyma H3pa cnHHa Ha JIHCTY ' (o.ll6a6a, C HejacHHM CeMaHTH'lKHM p33BojeM, yn. 6a6y pa). HHcy y06H'lajeHJI. y Cp6HjH xHnoKopHCTHUH O.ll iKeHCKHX HMeHa Kao AHYlUKa, MapYZUKa, MUIlYZUKa.
l40
Taop68 pe'lH Y caapeMeHOM cpncKoMje3HKY
141
Cy/flHKC8l1Hja
O~ rnarOJlCKe OCHOBe je 6WbYUlKa (no PMC 'BaJhywaK' HJlH 'OI<JIam
ja') H peTKO 6pmYWKa ''IHrpa' (l10 PMC pemOHanH3aM). BO)eiiipeYUlKa HJlH
60)eiiipOYUlKa 'Hal1paBa Ha ~HMII:.aKy Koja Cnpe'IaBa ~a Ge ~HM Bpana' Bepo
BaTHO HeMa Be3e C OBHM CY
Kao E(6(j)eiiiKO, CpenKO, AllljetlKO, )/(apKO, )[(eJbKO, Heo(j)eJbKO, KaMeH.KO, l10HeK~ H3 rrp~eBCKe KaO 30pa6KO HJlH rJlarOJlCKe KaO PaCiiiKO (npBo6HT
HO cKpaheHO O~ PaciiiUClla6, anH J.{aHac ce yrnaBHoM ocena KaO 3aWTHTHO HMe Be3aHO 3a rnarOJl paciiiu) HJIH FOjKO.
\
1.82. -KH (-KUja) je XHl10KOPHCTHQHH Cy
Meljy aneJIaTHBHMa caMO je HeKOJlHKO peQH H3BeJ.{eHO H3 HMeHHQKHX
OCHOBe HMeHa; HaCTao je BepOBaTHO Kao BapHjaHTa XHl10KOPHCTH'IHOr -Ka
(Kao y)/(UKa H CJl., B. l.81), y3 YTHQaj eHrJleCKHX HMeHa Hilla QeKU, HUKU,
POKU H cn. TaKo HMaMO 30KU O~ 30pa/l, BOKU O~ BojuClla6, SOKU O~ SO:JICU
oap H CJI., l.(aKu O~ Clla6UUla H CJl., ,l(eKu O~ ,4ejaH. HT~. MOiKe fiHTH H He
npOMeHJhHB Cy
. fiHTH H3 eHrJIeCKOr, aJlH H O~ ~oMahHX HMeHa, MyWKHX Kao MUllan, Muxau
110 HT~. HJlH iKeHCKHX Kao MUllulJa, MUllojKa HT~. illeKu je cBojeBpeMeHo cKpaheHo o~ l1pe3HMeHa illeK)'lIapalJ, anH ce ~aHac yrrOTPefiJhaBa H 3a l1pe 3HMe illeUleJb.
. ~:
OCHOBa. CBe cy a
CHeUlKO/cfbeUlK072, y3 TO 6pajKo H iiiajKo O~ OCHOBe Kojaje H caMa XHrrOKO pHCTH'IHa. HHjeJ.{Ha O~ H:.HX He MOiKe ce ynOTPefiHTH Y MHOiKHHH. lllTaBH we, CUHKO ce Yl10TPe6JhaBa HCKJhY'IHBO y BOKaTHBY, KaKO je rrpHMeTHO jow Mapernli
1963:348. tIHHH HaM ce
YTonHKo rrpe IlITO ce H 6pajKo H cetle jaBJhajy caMO y BOKaTHBY. MapeTHn je rOBopHO H 0 rrocefiHOM Cy
1.83. -Ko je xHrrOKOpHCTH'IHH Cy
~aje TaKBa HHTeprrpeTaQHja Ta'IHHja He
ro Ha3HBaTH CUHKO BOKaTHBOM O~ CUHaK, KaKO 'IHHe ~aHaWIhH pe'IHHQH. To
KIIyUKO. OCHOBHa pe'I KIIy6e, MeIjYTHM, rOTO
BO je H3aruna H3 yrrQTPefie, TaKO ~a je KIIYUKO J.{aHac HeMOTHBHcaHa pe'I, a
KllyU'le je H:.erOB J.{eMHHYTHB.
1.83.2. HajBHwe je H3BeJ.{eHHQa Ha -KO OJ.{
rrp~eBcKe OCHOBe, H TO O~
rrp~eBa KOjH :ma'Ie HeKY JlOwy OC06HHY, anH YKYrrHH TOH H3BeJ.{eHHLle je
rrpe WaJhHB Hero rrejopaTHBaH.
Y MHOiKHHH ce
He yrroTpefiJhasajy. MHOiKH
Hy Y BeliHHH cnY'IajeBa MOiKe ~a 3aMeHH H3BeJ.{eHHLla ca Cy
):{Be BenHKe rpyrre 'IHHe H3BeJ.{eHHLle O~ np~eBa Ha -aB H -/bU6: MpUta6 KO, nOUa6Ko, zp6a6KO, nopa6KO, netla6KO, 'lyUa6KO, 6I1eOylbaBKO, CIIUHQ6KO, MIIUma6KO, iiipaua6KO, Up/ba6Ko,IIYKQ6KO, iii6POoZlUl6KO, 6I1eca6KO,Ulawa6KO, 6p6lba6Ko HT~.; 6p6/bU6KO, CiiiUO/bU6KO, CpaMe:JlClbU6KO, 0PeMlbU6KO, liy iiilbU6KO, ciiipaUllbU6KO, ilrla'llbU6KO, lIa:JlClbU6KO, 6aUtlbU6KO HT~. np~eBH Ha -all. ry6e CY
1.83.3. AocTa je H3BeJ.{eHHLla OJ.{ rnarOJlCKOr TPrrHor rrpH~eBa, y KOjH
Ma je rrejopaTHBHOCT HelllTO H3paiKeHl1ja: ycua6aH.KO, oopuaHKo, HeoupaH
KO, YCPaHKO, uouuUlaHKo, HaoY6eHKo, yo6pa:JICeHKO, HaMpUliiieHKo, HaiiiMy peHKo, 36YlbeHKo, 3Wby6/beHKO H cn. OJ.{ 'IHCTe rJIarOJlCKe OCHOBe HaWJIH CMO caMO iiAa'lKO (= iiAa'llbU6KO), ZpUlJKO H CMO)eWKO. nOcne~H:.e J.{Be HHCY 3a6eJleiKeHe y PMC, anH ce '1yjy 72 3aMIIllIbeHO Kao HMe c npe3HMeHOM, CHeUlKo DeAUfr, nOTOM npeTSopeHO y 38je.1l
Yn. H360HKO CuacuTt, WaJLHBH sa nOlle ~aKe 0.11 o.1lfOBapalf>a 3a olleHY.
HII'lKy HMeHHL\Y.
Ha:mB 3a 3BOHue Koje Ha Kpajy '1aca cnaca
142
143
Tsop6a pe'm y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy!jlHKCaImja
y ,n;e'ijeM rOBOpy, IIpBa KaO Ha,n;HMaK 3a MHrna a ,n;pyra Kao H33HB 3a HaCMe llIeHY qmrypy © (Ha eHrJlecKoM Smiley).
(CTp. 228) HJlH 'lUWaflal/ H 'lUwa'l (c'Tp. 231), Ma,na IIpH3Haje,n;a y OBOM 110 CJle,nl:LeM lIapy HMa H crreU;HIj>H'IHHX pa3J1HKa.
1.83.4. CJlO:lKeHH Cylj>HKC -Oj1\:0 je CJlH'iaH )l(eHCKOM -ojKa, ruIH oceTHO cJla6Hje 3acryfmeH. Hana3HMo ra y HMeHHMa MWlOjKO, MUlbOjKO, PaiJojKo, CwaHojKo, CAa6ojKo, )/(U60jKO, BUiJOjKO (cBe y fpKoBHn 1977), a o,n; ane JlaTHBa caMO y cwapojKo 'CTapH cBaT'. ,L(a HHje OBe nocJle,n;l:Le pe'iH, rope HaBe,neHa HMeHa Morna 6H ce CMa'TpaTH ceKyH,napHHM XHIIOKOPHCTHl\HMa Ha -KO o,n HMeHa THlia MWlOje, rra cylj>HKca -6jKO He 6H HH 6HJlO. 1.84. -JIa, Cylj>HKC ca 3Ha'ieI:LeM opylja, jaBJba ce caMO y C6Upafla, Me iliAa H y ,naHac PeTKOM weC/la. I1pH TOM je y OBe 1I0CJle,n;l:Le ,nBe pe'iH npH JlH'iHO HejacHa Be3a C rnarOJlOM Mecwu MeWeM O,nHOCHO wecawu. CTe BaHoBHn 1964 1:510 MeiliAy H He nOMHl:Le, a weC/ly cBpcTaBa Meljy "lIpOCTe -
JleKCH'iKe pe'iH".
1.85. Cylj>HKC -naMa, ca llI3JbHBHM IIpH3BYKOM anH 6e3 o,npeljeHor 3Ha'ieaa, ,nOJla3H y ,nBe n03HaTe pe'iH, 6piJaflaMa (110 PMC )1(. H M. po,na y 3Ha'ieILY 'oHaj KOjH Bp,na, HeHCKpeH, HeIIOY3,naH 'iOBeK', caMO )1(. po,na y 3Ha'ieILY 'Bp,nal:Le, H36eraBaae 06aBe3a') H 3a8p3AaMa. nap y OBoj ,npyroj pelIH, Cylj>HKC je rypcKor 1I0peKJla, IIpeMa CKOKY (IIO,n 8PCWU ce) H Pa,nHny 2001:107 (lj>ycHoTa). IIIK3JbHn y pe'iHHKy 6eJle)I(H, 6e3 npHMepa, H XH 6pH,nHe H3Be,neHHl..\e zPYUla/laMa 'rpYllIa, MJIHjeI
\,
nHTHo je,na neJll1li Be3yje Cylj>l1KC 3a rJlarOJl Kao TaKaB, a He 3a pa,nHH npH,neB. 3aHCTa, pe'lH Ha -A(a)l/ He 03Ha'iaBajy OHora KO je Beli H3BpllIHO HJlH IIpe'TplIeo pa,nI:LY, Hero OHora KOjH je Ca,n a BpllIH: BepOBaTHO je,nHHH H3Y3eTaK o,n Tora je uozop(j)e.tlaq.
1.86.1. JI ce MelLa y 0 y CBHM IIa,ne)l(KMa OCHM reHHTHBa MHO)I(HHe. Ta Heyje,nHa'ieHOCT ,nOBO,nH y IIpaKCH ,no rpellIaKa THlIa "IIOBepHOl\" HJlH "CTOTHHe 060)l(aBaOl..\a". H3Y3eTHO, HeKOJlHKO pe'iH Kao 3HaAal/, WKaAal/, upe.tlal/, Uozop(j)e.tlaq 3a,np)l(aBa A (BH,l(H I1PaB. 1993, T. 9Ic(2), r,ne ce 110 MHl:Ly H He MHoro y06H'IajeHH YCWaflaq H K/)(IOuUIlaq, CreHHTHBOM Ha -Aqa HJlH -ol/a). He6a.tbaAal/ He clIa,na OBaMO, 1I0lIITO MY je OCHOBa IIpu.neB He6a /bao (B. neJlHli 1936:227). -JI(a)q ce ,no,naje Ha HHIj>HHHTHBHY OCHOOY, liTO 3Ha'lH,na My IIperxo ,nH BOKan a, U, HJlH Y ManOM 6pojy cnyqajeBa e. Haj'lellIlie cy y IIHTaJ:LY He CBpllIeHH rnarOJlH, anH MOry 6HTl1 11 CBpllIeHH rJlarOJIH Ha -UWU, Kao y uoc(j)ewUIlaq, OC/l0600UAQij H CJI. fJIarOJlH Ha -awu rOTOBO YBeK cy HecBP llIeHH, yCJle,n 'iera HMa MHOro H3Be,n;eHHl\a Ha -Q6aflaq H nOHeKa Ha -U8aAal/; o,n; CBpllIeHHX je,l(HHa 06H'IHHja pe'l je upezatlaq (B. y CJle,n;eneM o,neJbKY). HajB3)I(HHjH npHMepH: CW6apaflal/, ZIleiJaflal/, C/IYWaflal/, 'lUWaflall, UpUMaflal/, 6.IlaiJaAall. wpazaAal/, Cwapaflal/, UPU'laAall, CalbaAal/, 3HaAal/, WKaflal/, UOWUlbaflal/ (o,n HeCTaH,nap,nHor uowUlbawu = C/Iawu, yn. UO WUlbKa, oiJaWUIba'l), yXU6aAall, 060Xa6aflal/, iJa8aAall, uOOpaXa6aAQij, U03Ha6aflall, pYK06aflal/, Oap08aAal/, UOWW06aflal/, oapU6aAall, OWKpU6a Aal/, Ma'le8aflal/ HT,n.; wyxUIlal/, 6paHUIlalf, ZOHWIQII, fipawUIlal/, MOAU Aal/, ciiacUIlal/ (B. 1.86.4), UpocUIlall, wpaxUJlal/, KIlaoUllall, ii06(j)epUJIal/, 8pwUIlail (o,n 6pWUWU, Yll. 1.86.4), U36pWUIlaq, MUC/IU/lal/, X8aAUIlaq, Hapy 'lUllal/, U36(j)ecwUIlall, uoc(j)ewUIlal/, HOCUIlaq (B. neJIHli, HaB. M.), UpeHO CUIlal/, iJoHocrilzall, My'lUllQij, w(j)eWUIlal/, PYWUllall, HapYWUllal/, pyK060 OUllalf, upe600UllaIf,M(j)epUllalf, OC/l0600Ullaq, uocnyXUIla~pOHUIla~ uy HUIlal/, 6apUllal/ (o,n 6apuwu = 3a6apU6aiUu) HT,n.; c(j)eo(j)eilal/73, UO zop(j)e.tlaq, U3YM(j)e.tlall (lIope,n 06H'IHHjer U3}'MUWeIb), xeWe.tlall (Henpa BHJIHO; ,,MjeCTo Xe.tlal/, llITO ce He rOBopH", ryMa'iHO je MapeTHn74; eTH MOJlOllIKH, 110 CKOKY, HaCTano je o,n CTapOCJlOB. XeWe.tlb + -[aJq), UPe.tlall (C KPI:LOM OCHOBOM: ,naHac yrJlaBHOM Kao H33MB JleIITHpa) HT,n. CBe OBe pe 73 PerKO, aJIH nOlpe6Ho KaO aHTOHHM o.a HOMQO. O.u.aTne npHAes cOJeo(j)eIIQ'IKU, KO jHM ce npeBO.llH cj>p. sMentaire, eHf}). sedentary Hen. 0 CJI0lKeHHItH ciUapoc(j)ea(j)eIIQII ro SOpHMO HHlKe. 74 Y npBOM H3,A,aH.Y rpaAfQiUuKe (1899, CTp. 333); y H3,!1.l1lhy H3 1963 TOr naparpacpa HeMa.
145
TBop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HK)'
CyqmKcaUHja
'JH 03Ha'JaBajy )!mBa 6Hna, OCHM 'lUHWlall 11 MaTeManlql(l1X TepMHHa 6poju flail, MHOXWlall, o (j)eIlUilaIl7S .
("O):t Ta):tl1ja, TaHacHje, HT):t."), He.tIe ("O):t HeMalha, HeHa):t, HT):t."), MWle, )i(Wle, PWle, rWle ("O):t raapl1JlO, rJIHropHje, ,l{parHwa, I1T):t."), CiliOfle, Eo fle, BYfle, J],yfle, Kpfle (O):t Kpcilia HT):t.) H ):tpyrH. nOHeKH O):t lhHX, I(ao JIaJle. l(tlfle, l(Wle, ):tajy ce 06HqHO MartHWaHHMa I(ao Ha):tHM~H O):tMHJIa, HeBe3aHH
144
1.86.2. 06mfK -Wl(a)1I ce jaBJba H C marOlICI(HM OCHOBaMa I(oje ce He 3aBpI11aBajy Ha -U, YCJIe):t 'Jera ra 06paljyjeMo H I(ao noce6aH cyqntl\C (B. HH )!(e). O):t 06JIHKa Ha -tlfl(a)1I HenpaBHJIaH je caMO upe2aJlall, O):t pe):tYI(OBaHe OCHOBe rJIarOlIa ilpe2Hyiliu. 1.86.3. Ca -fl(a)1I ce rpa,ltH H H3BeCTaH 6poj CJIO)!(eHH~a, Koje y npBoM ):teJIY HMajy HMeHH~y (3ajMoilipaxWlall, je3UK03HaJlall), 3aMeHH~y (cea ZUili03Htlflall), npHJIOr (MH0203HaJlall, KaCTlOfle2aJ1all, paHopaHWlall) HJIH npH):teB y npHJIOI11Koj (j>YHl
1.86.4. Pe'!H Ha -HJI(a)u (nma HocuflaZ{) H3HeJIH CMO rope no):t -fl(a)Z{. HeKOJIHKO pe'JH, MeljYTHM, HMajy U I(oje He npHna):ta marOJICKoj OCHOBH. TaKBe cy ee3WlaZ{ (O):t 6eciliu 6e3eM), uepWlall, upeoWlaZ{, ilipecu flail, cuacWlaZ{76, Koje IIOMHlhe MHpOCJIaB HHKOlIHIi y pa):ty KOjH lieMO 6JIH)!(e pa3MOTPHTH y 1.89.4. IhHMa MO)!(eMO ):to):taTH H UMeHWlall (MaTe MaTH'!KH TepMHH, CI(OBaH BepOBaTHO no aHaJIOrHjH ca 6pojWlaZ{), 6pZUU flaZ{ (I(a,lt je H3Be):teHO H3 marOlIa epliu epzueM), Kao H euoWlaZ{, pacnpo cTpalheHo 3axBuyjyliH BeCTHMa 0 peJIHrH03HOM BH3HOHapCTBY y Meljy ropjy, I11TO je O):t caMor nO'JeTKa nO):tCTaKJIO HopMaTHBHe paCIIpaae 0 TOMe ):ta JIH ce Taj 06JIHK MO)!(e npH3HaTH nope):t npaBHJIHHjer aJIH peljer 6uOO)eflall. OCTaJIH HaBe):teHH 06JIHUH HeMajy aapHjaHaTa, I11TO je caMO no ce6H nOTBp):ta ):ta -WlaZ{ nocTojH Kao JIenfTHMaH Cy(j>HKC H 3a Hel(e ma rOJIe KOjH ce He 3aBpI11aBajy Ha -uiliu. 1.86.5. -EJI(a)u HMaMO caMO y xeiliellaZ{ (r):te ce OCHOBa MO)!(e cxaa TI1TH Kao HH(j>I1HI1THB xeili-u: yn. jecili-ue, Kyuaili-Wlo 11 CJI.). Y ):tpyrHM pe'!HMa, I(ao U02opO)eIlaZ{, ciliapocO)eoO)eIlaZ{ H CJI" e npl1IIa,lta OCHOBH, TaKO ):ta I1X 06paljyjeMo IIO):t -fl(a)Z{. 1.87. -Jle (reH. ):taHac yrlIaBHOM -fleilia) je Xl1nOKOpHcTH'JHH Cy(j>HKC KOjH ):tOlIa3H Ha KPlhY OCHOBY, Y 6ptlfle H liaJIe (o):t lialia), a C no):tCMeI11JbH BHM np"3BYKOM y Kpelle (o):t KpeilieH), 'lWle (o):t 'lU'la I1JIH 'lUKa) H y 3aCTa pelIOM KaJle o):t KaJlyljep. HajBHI11e ra HMa y xHnoKOpHCTI1UI1Ma o):t HMeHa: Ptlfle, Ctlfle ("o):t AJIeKcaH):tap, CaBa, HT):t.", no MHJIHUH rpKOBI1Ii), Ttlfle 75 Y HOBHHCKOMje3HKY 'leCTaje CHHTarMa o(j)enUOI/U Qpa60e, Y 3Ha'le1bY CYJl.Hja HnH cnopTCKHX CY.!IHja. 76 YspWTaBaMO ra OBJl.e C 063HPOM Ha TpaAHUHOHMHH 06nHK rnarona ciiaciliu cQa CeJ!t. YKOJlHKO 6H ce 3a npaBHJlaH npH3Hao 06J1HK ciiacuiliu ciiacUM, KojH ce IlOCne.!llbHX .!Ie lIeHHja jaKo npOWHpHO, ciiaCUllal/ 6H, HapaBHO, HMMO cyqlHKC -llal/.
3a O):tpeljeHo HMe. MCTH cy(j>HKC, CaMO y Cpe):tH>eM PO):ty H 6e3 XHnOKOpHCTH'iHe ape):tHO CTH, HMaMO y K03fle H y oepfle: oao ):tpyro 6H MOmO 6HTH O):t oepau HJlH O):t oepaiUu ce (YII. oepuzuiUe, 1.77.2). Mo)!(e ce 'JaKjaBHTH H y :lKeHCKOM po):ty, y celle « ceciUpa) H y nOHeKOM HMeHY Kao JOfle O):t JoeauKa, artH ce.tle ce ynOTPe6JbaBa caMO y BOKaTHBY, a HMeHa Kao JOfle npaKTH'JHo cy Henpo MeHJbHBa.
1.88. -JlHja (a. Pa,lt111i 2001 :34-61) nOTHqe o):t TypCl(or -ii, Koje je np"):teBcKH Cy(j>HKC: TParOBH Tor nopeKJIa, y cTapHjeM je3HKY, jow cy ce aH):teJlH y nocTOjalhY HMeHH~a Koje cy qewlie y aTPH6YTCKoj CJIy:lK6H Hero caMOCTaJJHO ynOTPe6JbeHe, Hnp. Kaua KaouqJJluja, uYZUKa ceoeqJJluja, Y30a CiliaM60fluja (Pa,ltHIi 1997:360-361). -JIuja MO)!(e GHTH MYWKor po):ta, ca 3Ha'IeFbeM '!oaeKa, HJIH )!(eHCKOr, C He)!(HaHM 3HaQelheM. 1.88.1. HajBeliH Gpoj pe'IH Ha -fluja H ):taHac 'lHHe qHCTH TYP~H3MH, H TO ):t06PHM ):teJIOM HeMOTHBHcaHH Kao Kp¥aJluja, xaupfluja, 6ailiJluja, y )!(eHCKOM PO):ty iUailiJluja, zuetjJilieiluja 11 CJI. (yn. H 6yK/luja, rp'IKOr nope KJIa, oepeZ/luja H3 MaljapcKor HT):t.) Ta'IHO je ):ta oBaj Cy(j>HKC "HH ):taHac HH je nomYHO H3ryGHO CBOjy npo):tYKTHaHOCT", KaKO l(8)!(e MapKoB 1957:162, aJJH ce OH HHKa):ta HHje cnajao ca 'iHCTO ):toMaIiHM OCHOBaMa, Hero caMO ca o):toMalieHHM TYPUH3MHMa I1JlH ):tpyrHM HMeHHUaMa CTPaHor nopeKJIa. 1.88.2. Y O):tHOCY Ha MOTHaHY HMeHHU)' -fluja Mo)!(e 03Ha'iaBaTH 3aHH Malhe, npHna,ltHOCT, THnH'iHO 06eJIe)!(je, artH 11 HeKY ):tPYry BpCTy Be3e: "Haj'Iewlie ce jaBJba y KareropHjH HOCHJIaua ocoGHHa HJIH cBojcTaaa" Ka:lKe Pa):tl1n 1990:403. Meljy craPHjHM pe'IHMa TaKBe cy 3aHailiJluja, eCHatjJfluja, 'lapzuWluja (yn. H Kaca6aJ1uja), eapolUfluja, ce6oa(x)fluja, paxMeiliJluja 'noKojHHK' (yn. paxMeiliJlU, HenpOMeHJbHBI1 np"):teB, H paxMeili 'noKoj, Ml1p [MpTBHMa],),ja6alUfluja (yn.jaeaIUflYK H npl1Jlor jaeazu 'nOJIaKO, Ge3 :lKyp6e'), oycilia6aH.Jluja HT):t. Y HOBHje BpeMe lbHMa cy ce npH):tpy:lKI1JlH H3 pa3H Kao KauyiliJluja 'KanYTaW, rocnO):tHH H3 rpa,lta',pexUMIluja, oetjJuZ{u iliJluja (no MapKoBY, HaB.M., o6a cy 3aGeJIe)!(eHa y pel.JHHKY PHCTHlia H KaHrpre, c npeBo,noM 'Regierungsfreund' O):tHOCHO 'Deftzitmacher'), a no ceGHo OHH ca 3Ha'!elheM npHna,ltHOCTH, Kao MaHaciUupfluja 'oHaj KOjH :lKH BH Y MaHacTHpy', calluiUeiliJluja, tjJaKYfliUeiliJluja, YHueep3uilieiliJluja, KO MuiUeiliJluja (OBH cy CBH 3a6ene)!(eHH KO):t PMHIia, HaB. M.). 3aBpI11eTaK -ilieili Kao ):ta nOKa3yje HeKY noce6HY npHBJIa'iHOCT npeMa OBOM CyqlHKCy:
146
TBop6a pC'!H Y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CyijlHKcauHja
yn. H uy6epUieiillluja 'Ae'IaK y ny6epnITY'. HnaK, OCHM 3auaiillluja, CBe pe 'IH Ha -/luja cy CTHJICKH o6eJIeJKeHe, WaIhHBe HJIH HpOHH'IHe, TaKO Aa pel.\H MO <jJaKY/lUieilllluja HHnOWTO He MOJKe y CBaKOM TeKCTY Aa 3aMeHH CHHTar My , <PaKYJITeTCKH 06Pa30BaH 'lOBeK'. -Huja ce jaBJba Kao <popMaHT H Y He KOJIHKO npe3HMeHa, yrJIaBHOM Henp03HpHor cacTaBa, Kao ByjaK/luja, CaMO K06/luja, KooPaAuja (B. MapKOB 1957: 163). CTHJICKH 06eJIeJKeHO je H flapUJ/luja y OAHOCy Ha flapu::JfCauuu, aJIH TO He BaJKH 3a Apyre eTHHKe Kao WTO cy HUUl/luja, Eew/Uja, OCMall.lluja, Cau1)aK/luja, C peAYKoBaHoM OCHOBOM Capaj/luja. Yn. H FpMe'l/luja '':!oBeK ca fpMe':!a'. 3aCTapeJIH cy AaHac 06JIHUH Kao Eeozpao/luja, H060Ua3ap/lu ja, EyoUMlluja H APYrH Koje 6eJIeJKH PaAHn 2001:46-62.
1.88.3. )KeHcKe HMeHHl.(e Ha -/luja HMajy ynaJJ;JbHBO MeCTO y KI:LHJKeB HOCTH XIX BeKa, aJIH cy AaHac rOTOBO CBe H306H':!ajeHe: ojlaK/luja ' c06a C ouaKOM, OrI:LHWTeM, rOCTHHCKa co6a', '1apoaK/luja 'Kyna Koja HMa 'lapAaK; Kyna 'lHjH je rOpl:LH Aeo OA ApBeTa', uel/jlep/luja 'xapTHja KOjOM ce 06JIe nJbyjy np030PH', uaMyK/luja 'KanYTHn OA naMYKa', ouaK/luja 'KOJKYX OA OB'lHje KO)Ke' (no CKOKY HaCTaJIO yKpwTal:LeM TypcKor yapakll 'OB':!HjH' C HaWHM ouaK y CMHCJIY 'HaonaKo'), 6aKpa'l/luje 'wHpoKe Y3eHrHje' ("Ha 3BaHe OBaKO WTO cy BeJIHKe H CJIH'lHe 6aKpa'lY", TYMa':!H IllKaJhldi), <jJuUle K/luja H CJI. Jow cy AOHeKJIe y ynOTpe6H KajMaK/luja (Ka<pa CAOCTa "KajMa Ka", Tj. neHe) H cillOMaK/luja (HaBOAHO JIeKOBHTa paKHja, Koja ce nOA THM Ha3HBOM AaHac HHJJ;yCTpHjCKH npOH3BOAH). )KeHcKo -/luja HMaMO y Tono HHMHMa Kao CKaOap/luja, (Ma) ~U2aU/luja, KypUlyM./luja; 3a jow HeKe pe ije npHMepe BHJJ;H MapKoB, HaB. M. CJIO)KeHH CY
1.88.4. BapHjaHTY -aJIHja HaJIa3HMO rrpe CBera y Kaca6aAuja 'CTa HOBHHK Kaca6e', y HeKOJIHKO peTKHX HMeHHl.(a JKeHCKOr pOAa Kao Ma3ZallU ja '6YAaJIaWTHHa, rJIynocT' (y PMC C jeAHHM l.\HTaTOM, H3 BYKOBor Pje':!HHKa), zpauaAuja 'rrYWKa Ha KOjOj cy H3pe36apeHe rpaHe' (y PMC OA peAHHl.\a je AaTa Kao zpaua[j}/luja, C ABa l.\HTaTa Koja 06a HMajy -aj/luja; aJIH yn. HenpOMeHJbHBH rrpHJJ;eB 2paUaAU 'yKpaweH H3Be3eHHM rpaHaMa') H y ApyrnM pe'lHMa C ABojaKHM CY
1.88.5. -AjJIHja. llpBeHcTBeHo y Ha3HBHMa JbYAH, OA HMeHH'lKHX H npHAeBcKHx OCHOBa, C a
\
147
6PHM AeJIOM Ca'IYBaH y EOCHH, 6HO -aJlUja, a AOAaBal:Le -j- TYMa':!H yTHua jeM pe'IH Capaj/luja. MO)KJJ;a HHje HCKJLyqeHa HH aHaJIOrHja C HeKHM pe'!H Ma Koje cy Ben HMaJIe -j y OCHOBH, Kao KaAaj/luja 'KaJIajHa 3AeJIa HJIH Ta I:LHP' HJIH HeMOTHBHCaHO (x)aMaj/luja « Typ. hamayh). 3a Apyre, cJIa60
1.89. CY
-/l-
H3 paJJ;Hor rrpHJJ;eBa H Cy
-u~a. KOA CTeBaHoBHna (1964 1:554), KOjH rOTOBO yonwre He npH3Haje
CJIOJKeHe Cy
1.89.1. Pe'lH C JbYACKOM pe
148
Cy«j>HKCal(Hja TBop6a pe'lH
Y CaSpeMellOM CPIICKOM je3HlCy
KatlU/fa, Ma3atlU/fa, weiUatlu/fa (KJlaTHO), CIlyWatlu't{a, 6(j)eWatlU't{a, 'I.a'l.Ka AUlI a , cuajatlu't{a, iUp3atlUlia (3a OKH):(alhe )KHua Ha TaM6ypH, nnapH H CJI.), KIla/fKatlulI a, AeiU(j)eAUlia (3a BapHjaHTY AeiUWlU't{a BH):(H HH)Ke, 1.89.4), :JICeiUeAu't{a (MaIDHHa: Kao Ha3HB 3a )KeHY MO)Ke ce cMaTpaTH MOBHPaHOM 0):( :JICeiUeAa/f), 6YWWlu't{a, opo6W1u't{a, paoWlu~/a (ocoBHHa: y):(pyrOM 3Ha lfelhY O):(HOCH ce Ha rrlfeJlY), jeopUAulIa, upeCilu/fa HT):(.
ilocToje H ):(pYKlfHja 3Halfelha: CKpU6atlUlIa, CIlazatlulia (npeBo):( 3a eH rJleCKO puzzle), 6p3atlu't{a (pelfeHHua THna "Ha BPX 6p):(a•.."), UuiUatlu't{a, pyZatlu't{a (rrecMa: C ):(pyrHM 3HalfelheM y cnojy uiUu/fa pyZatlu't{a = eHrJl. mockingbird), uowiUauatlu't{a HJlH pelje uOOWiUauatlu't{a, CMu't{atlu't{a (c He jacHoM MOTHBaUHjoM,jep rnaroJi CMulIaiUu HeMa TO 3HalfeH>e), lle6uoO)eAU 't{a 'MpaK, MpalfaH npOCTOp', ZPU/fKatlu't{a (3aje):(HHlfKH Ha3HB 3a KpeKepe, IllTarm:ne H CJlHlfHe rrpOH3Bo):(e), 3(uj)e6atlUlia (6HIbKa), cUU3W1ulIa H U06U cUAulia (MY3HlfKH 3HaKOBH) HT):(. CJlO)KeHH Cyq,HKCH:
1.89.2. -AJIoua. CBaKaKo (3):(BojeH H3 H3Be.n.eHHua THna AyiUatlu't{a, HaJIalH ce caMO y HeKOJlHKO pelfH Kao iUY:JIC6atlUlIa, 6u'l.atlu/fa '6HlfaJhe', iUpaKatlu't{a (caMo y H3pa3Y MU't{a iUpaKatlUlIa, KOjH PMC 6eJle)KH no):( OBOM .n.pyrOM pelfjy, aJIH ra He .n.eq,HHHwe), y 6pwatlUlia (nope.n..6pWWlUlIa) H y HejacHO MOTHBHcaHOM fbOKatlU/fa 'IhYIllKa'. . 1.89.3. CJlHlfHO Cyq,HKCY -eA(a)lI (B. 1.86.5), -eJIoua ce jaBIba caMO y :JICeiUeAulia (6HJlo.n.a je q,CMHHHHYM o.n. :JICeiUeAa/f HJlH Ha3HB MaIllHHe) H y PeTKOM KpewiUeAu/fa KpeWTaJiHua. PelfH no AeiUO)eAu't{a, ycO)eoO)ellll lIa , r.n.e je e .n.eo rJlarOJla, 06paljyjeMo no):( -Ilu/fa. 1.89.4. CJlYlfaj cyq,HKca -OJIoua aHaJlOraH je MYWKOM
-ull(a)/f
(1.86.4). PelfH Kao Opo6W1ulIa, paoWlu/fa,jeopWlul.la H MHore ):(pyre cna):(a jy rro):( Cyq,HKC -Ilu't{a. Hcrn 3aBpWeTaK j aBIba ce, MeljYTHM, H y pelfH lleiUu IlU'1 a (rrope.n. llem[j}eAu/fa). lWyrH TaKBH rrpHMepH cy 6e3W1u/fa, upeoWlu lIa, iUpeCWlU'1a, 8pwWlulia (aHaJIOrHH MaJIOlfaC nOMeHYTHM 06J1HUHMa 6e 3W1a't{ H C}].), a y3 TO H 8UOWlU/fa, Kao q,eMHHHHYM o.n. 8UOWlali. (.n;eBojlfHu e KojHMa ce y Meljyropjy HaBo.n.HO YKa3aJIa 60ropo.n.Hua Ha3HBaHe cy 6uau llu'1 aM a, MHoro lfelllne Hero 6UO[j}eAU/faMa.) HopMaTHBHe pacnpaBe OKO pelfH lleiUWlUlia HaBe}]e cy MHpocJIaBa HHKOJIHna .n.a .n.eTaJhHO HcrrHTa OBy rrojaBY y CBOM Pa):(y H3 1974. ilOIllTO je H3Heo 06HIbC UHTaTa H3 IllTaMne H KH>H)KeBHOCrn Kao rroTBp.n.e KaKO 3a 06 JlHK lleiUWlu't{a TaKO H 3a AeiUO)eAu/fa, OH KOHCTaTYje ):(a pelfHHUH yrnaB HOM rrpH3Hajy caMO oBaj .n.pyrH 06JIHK, OCHM PMC KOjH HX ):(aje 06a, C THM WTO HaBo.n.HO lleiUWlulia 3HalfH cnpaBY 3a JIeTelhe, a H lleiUO)eAUlia MO)Ke HMaTH TO 3Halfelhe, aJIH rrpe CBera 3HalfH 'rrTHUY Koja H3):(p)KaBa .n.yr JIeT'. 3a TaKBY CeMaHTHlfKy ):(Hq,epeHuHjaUHjy, Kame HHKOJlHn, HeMa orrpaB):(alha.
149
OH no.n.cena .n.a HMa MHOro KOJle6alha THna wYMeiUu - wYMuiUu, .n.a cy rna rOJlH Ha -uiUu .n.aJIeKO 6pOjHHjH 0):( OHHX Ha -(j)eiUU, a H3Be):(eHHue Ha -Wlall 0):( OHHX Ha -(j)eAa't{< H3 CBera Tora OH 3aKIbY'lyje .n.a jc JIorH'IHO IllTO ce ja Bn.ajy H 06JIHUH lleiUUflf'1, lleiUWlU/fa. OHK cy "nJlO):( cnOHTaHor je3H':lKOr pa3BHTKa" H CTora "He OH Tpc6aJIo.n.a rpaMaTH'lap HJIH JleKTop HHTepBeHH Ille" Ka):( HaHlje Ha TaKBe 06JlHKe. Y q,YCHOTH ce HaIIOMHlhe .n.a HCTO Ba)KH H 3a 06J1HK AeiUWluwiUe, HacyrrpoT npaBonHcy 1960 KOjH je .n.onywTao caMO AeiU(j)eAuwiUe.
HHKOJIHneBe cyrecTHje npHXBarnJIH cy aYTopH ilpasolIHca 1993, r):(e Y pelfHHKY CTOjH: ,,neiUWlU'1a, lleiUWluwiUe (H peTKO lleiUWla't{), HHje o.n. HeKIh. 'JIeTHrn' Hero CHCTeMCKH npaBHJIHa TBop6a (npo):(YKTHBHOCT q,op MaHTa -M-, yn. npe.n.HJIHua, nJIeTHJba)". THMe OBa HOpMaTHBHa ):(HJIeMa HnaK HHje pellleHa. HaHMe, MHJIaH IllHnKa, y ):(OCa):( HajonlllHpHHjeM Pa):(y nocBeneHoM pelfH lleiUWlulia/lleiUO)eAUlia (IllHnKa 2000 2), TBP):(H .n.a je npaBHJlaH caMO 06JIHK ca -O)e-. ilPH TOM ce n03HBa Ha .n.pyrn HHKOJIHlieB pa):( (HHKOJIHIi 1986), r.n.e ce oBaj aYTop H3jacHHo 3a 06JIHKe 8uaO)eAa'1, lleiUO)eAa't{ HacynpoT OHHMa Ha -Wlall.
1.90. CJIH'IHO Kao -1l(a)lI H -/lUlIa, -JIO je areHTHBHH Cyq,HKC KOjH .n.OJla 3H car-.fO Ha rnarOJICKe OCHOBe. H3Be):(eHHue 0):( HMeHHua HJIH npH):(eBa ):(ajeMo no.n. cyq,HKcHMa -atlO O):(HOCHO -WlO (B. HH)Ke), 6y.n.ynH .n.a KO.n. IhHX BOKan a O):(HOCHO U He MO)Ke npHna):(aTH HMeHHlfKoj HJIH npH):(eBcKoj OCHOBH.
Y pelfHMa Koje 3Halfe n.y.n.CKa 6Hna ):(OJla3H .n.o y06HlfajeHHx HeH3Be CHOCTH y po.n.y. ilPHPO):(HH po.n. je no npaBHJIy MYWKH77 a rpaMaTH':lKH je Cpe.n.IhH. KaKO HaBo.n.H 6a6HIi-ByjaHHIi 1967:87-89, BYKje OBaKBe pelfH 6e Jle)KHO ca 03HaKOM MYWKor po.n.a, a 3a IhHM cy ce ):(eJIHMHlfHO nOBeJIH H Ka CHHjH JIeKCHKorpaq,K, Ma):(a TO He o.n.roBapa CTBapHoj ynOTpe6H. CTeBaHO BHIi 1964 1:514 Kame.n.a ce OBaKBe pelfH ocenajy Kao HMeHHue MYIllKor po.n.a "y HeKHM .n.aHaWIhHM rOBopHMa cpnCKoxpBaTCKor je3HKa (y HCTOlfHoxep UerOBalfKOM, Hnp.)", aJIH ):(a ce "OHe, lj. 0.n.pe):(6e Y3 IhHX, CBe BHwe yno Tpe6IbaBajy y 06JlHKY cpo po.n.a". 3a npHMep 0.n.pe.n.6e y MYIllKOM po):(y KOjH OH ):(aje, "OH je BeJIHKH 3JIOnaMTHJlO", BepyjeMo .n.a 6H ra BenHHa .n.aHa IllIhHX rOBopHHKa rrpenpaBHJIa y "OH je 6eAUKO 3J10naMTHJIO". 1.90.1. OBe pelfH (c n.y.n.CKOM peq,epeHUHjoM) YBeK cy aq,eKTHBHe; no 6eJlHlieBoj .n.eq,HHHUHjH KOjy UHrnpa 6a6Hn-ByjaHHIi (CTp. 84), ,,03HalfaBa Y MHorHM cJIY'lajesHMa OJl HCTC OCHose nOCTojH H H3seJlCIlHl(a ca lKeHCKHM cy 0/1 je cwapo clia6QJ10 3JIH OHa je cwapa CJ1a6a Jluqa, WO 6Jle6ewQJIo Joqa 3JIH wa 6Jle6ewYUla rOlla. I1naK, T3KSe MoryliHOCTH HeMa 3111&y UlKMO, UlKpa6MO, 3aKepQJIO H HeKOJIHKO JlpyrHlt H3p33a, H TeWKO je peliH .113 nH cy H y KO 71
I\IHlCCOM, H OHa MOlKe Jla 1I0cnJ)l(H 33 lKeHY:
joj MepH OHH npHMeHJ],HBH H3 lKeHe.
ISO
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
CyqlHKCal1Hja
CTaJIHOr HJIH rrperepaHOr BpUlHOua panH.e C nejopaTHBHOM HHjaHcOM". Ory.lla ce 'leCTO H3BO.lle O.ll rJIarOJIa KOjH H CaMH HMajy $peKBeHTaTHBHH HJIH nejopaTHBHH Cy$HKC, KaO y iUyxaKaAO, KaCKMOn, iiellKaAO, iUp'lKa /lO, iUp'lKapMO, iiuCKapMO, 3aOUpKU6aAO, 3aiiuiUKU6MO H\CJI. IlejopaTHB HOCT je nOTKpeIlJLeHa 3Ha'leFbeM caMor rnarOJIa y Zyl/~MO, fJpYll0aAO, KelO
'Qe,IlHJLKa', aJIH je Ca'lysaHO y $pa3eOJIOrH3MY (HejacHor IlOCTaHKa) ociUa l3uiUu fla 1I0)eOUllY. MaciUUIlo je .IlaHaC HeMOTHBHCaHa pe'l, IlOWTO MaciUu iUu BHwe He 3Ha'lH '60jHTH'.
jy
KMO, wa6MO, 3aKepMO, 3aIl06(uj)eiUaAO, lylallZpU3aAO ('l-), CKalOepaAO, 6/le6etuMo, llaZ6aXOMO, OZ06apaAO, Mll3aAO, wKpa6aAo H CJI. Y .IlpyrHM
CJIY'lajeBHMa H3Be,IleHHQa Ka3yje .Ila ce pa,llFba BpUlH npe'leCTO, npeTepaHO, no 06H'lajy HJlH no HaBHQH, Kao y ciia6MO, op(uj)eMallO.CaIOMO. OKll(uj)eI3MO, 3aiUe3MO, IO)'lUKaAO, CJ!MIOMO H CJIH'lHO. HejacaH je nOCTa HaK pe'lH ciiaOMO, Koja je BaJIi,.Ila O.ll ciiaoaiUu (CKOK je He 6eJIe:lKH), aJIH ce no :ma'leFbY He MO:lKe MOTHBHcanf THM rnaroJIOM. TIpHMeTHtie ce .Ila cy Ha Be.lleHH npHMepH CBH O.ll rJlarOJIa Ha -aiUu. O.ll OHHX Ha -uiUu je caMO CJIO :lKeHHQa 3/l0iiaMiUUIlO, aKO He pa'lYHaMO pe'l ciUpawUIlo (Koja ce caMO Me Ta$opH'lHO MO:lKe O.llHOCHTH Ha JLY.llCKO 6Htie).
1.90.2. PacnpaBJLajytiH 0 3Ha'leFbHMa OBor cy$HKca, I1cH.Ilopa CeKY JIHti ce y "HaweM je3HKY" 1950. ro.llHHe YIlHTaJIa ,,.na JlH ce MOry •.. [cBe] BapHjaHTe 3Ha'lea.a cBecrn Ha HeWTO IlpHMapHO, Ha HajYTBpljeHHje 3Ha'le a.e: opylje, Cpe.llCTBO?" Ha TO IlHTaa.e, y HCTOM 6pojy 'laCOnHCa, CTeBaHo BHti (19502 : 190) O.llrOBOpHo je nOTBp.llHO. IIejopaTHBHocT H $peKBeHTaTHB HOCT HMeHHQa CJLY.llCKOM pe$epeHQHjoM, .IlaKJIe, H3Be.lleHa je H3 3Ha'leFba opylja, "C QHJLeM .Ila ce 06ene:lKH MeXaHH'lKa, He JLY.llCKa IlpHpO.lla JIHQa KO ja OHe 03Ha'laBajy" (HCTO, CTp. 197). 3Ha'leB>e opylja HaJIa3HMO y BenHKOM 6pojy npHMepa, He CaMO O.ll rnarOJIa Ha -aiUu Hero H O.ll OHHX Ha -uiUu: iiOMaZMO, OZileOMO, UOKpuea /lO, iipeKpu6MO, KIleUMO, 6ynKaAO ('.IlPBO KOjHM pH6apH JIynajy 0 BO.llY .Ila 6H HaMaMHJIH COMOBe'), 603U1l0, fiIl0I3U1l0, 6pojUllo, MIlaiUUIlO, ciUpawUIlO, Y'lUllO, ZIlacUIlO (aKO je O.ll ZIlacuiUu a He O.ll ZIlac), iUpaxUllo (.Ileo $OToa IlapaTa: npeBO.ll repMaHH3Ma 3yxep) HT.Il. CaMO y MHO:lKHHCKOM 06JIHKY ja BJLa ce 6(j)eWMa. Y xpBaTCKOM HMa H 3HaTHO BHwe OBaKBHX pe'lH (opxa /lO, Kll3MO, OU3MO,pa'lYIlMO, ocjeiUUIlo HT.Il.): HeKe O.ll a.HX, Kao iioja'lMO noja'lHBa'l), u06enMO (yBeJIH'laBajytie CTaKJIO), Kl3a'lUllO, yrnaBHoM cy npHxsaheHe H y Cp6HjH. M(j)epUllo ce He YO()Tpe6JLaBa y .IlOCJIOBHOM 3Ha 'lea.y MepHor HHCTpYMeHTa, Hero Kao anCTpaKTYM. 3a IIPiUMO .6a6HIi 1991 :287 cMaTPa .Ila je O.ll HMeHHQe nJIYC -MO, nOWTO 3Ha'lH ,,.nHO IlJIyra KOjH pe:lKe QPTY", aJIH Ha cTP. 258 HCTy pe'l je y6pOjHO Meljy .IleBep6aJIe Ha -/lO; Ii CKOK je H3BO.llH H3 rJIarOJla IIpiUaiUu, o6jawB>aBajyliH .Ila je Taj rna rOJl HeKa,Il 3Ha'lHO 'pe3aTH, cjetiH'. l((j)eoUllo je .IlaHac peTKo y 3Ha'lea.y 78 n03HaTII je lIIaJhHBa enH30Aa C "KaCKaJlOBHM AylianoM" y CpeM'IeBOM BYKaofmy, rJlaBa IV.
lSI
Ca 3Ha'leFbeM MeCTa 3HaTHO je MaH:.e pe'lH, IlpeTe:lKHO CTapHjHx H H3 ceOCKe Cpe.llHHe: iiojUllo, CO/lUllO ("MecTO r.lle ce KpaBaMa IlOCHIla co", Ce KYJIHIi 1950: 179), ja(z)IOUIlo ("MecTo r.lle ce ca6Hpajy OBQe Koje tie ce jar FbHTH", Ha3BaHO H jazlOUIluwiUe, npeMa PMC), c(j)eoaAo (,,3a :lKHBHHY", 06jawFbaBa MCH.IlOpa: caMO y XpBaTcKoj 3Ha'lH 'Ce.llHWTe'), /leZaAO (O.ll/le zaiUu) H /leZllO (O.ll /lenu), cywUIlo ("MecTO r.lle ce CyWH py6n.e HJ1H WTO .Ilpyro" no CTeBaHoBHhy.19502 : 188) H CJ1. HOBHjer nopeKJIa je caMO Kyua iUUIlO, HeIlpaBHJ1He rpa,llihe jep HMa Qeo HH$HHHTHB Kao OCHOBY. "IIpoQec pa,lllhe, HJIH lheH pe3YJ1TaT, HJ1H cTaH:.e", KaKO Ka:>Ke CTeBaHO BHIi 19641:512, HCKa3aHje y je.tlO, iipe.tlo, ceno (cuje.no), iioceno (uocuje.tlo) (cBY.lla 6e3 -0 H3 OCHOBe), y paciieno (= pacfiene),pacY/lo (O.llPacyiUu), y 3a CTapeJIOM uWzo (= IlHlie) H y 6yuUIlo. CeM IlOCJ1e.na.e, CBe OBe pet{H HMajy Ha rnameH BOKaJI HCnpe.ll cy$HKca, WTO ce He .Iloralja y OCTaJ1HM H3Be.lleHHQaMa Ha -/lO. Jow HeKOJIHKO pe'lH, npHJ1Ht{HO Pa3HOBpCHor 3Ha'lelha, 'lyBa npH J1H'lHO MYTHy H HeO.llpeljeHY Be3Y C MOTJfBHHM rJ1arOJIHMa: oueno (oiiuje.no) IlpeMa ou(uj)eeaiUu (eTHMOJlOWKH O.ll 3aCTapenor oii[j]eiUu), ooeno (oiJuje /lO) npeMa oo(j)eiUuloo(uj)e6aiUu, I3pe.no O.lll3peiUu, 6Wzo O.ll6uiUU (KYQaTH), pUnO O.ll puiUu, 'ly/lO O.ll 'lyii1u, PYZllO O.llpyzaii1u ce (r.lle je Hcnao Kpaja.H BO KaJI OCHOBe, BepOBaTHO pa,llH Pa3J1HKOBaH:.a O.ll PYZaAO 'oHaj KO ce pyra'). CJ10:lKeHH Cy$HKCH:
1.90.3. -AJIo. M3,IlBojeHo H3 H3Be.lleHHQa ,{HIla 6ynKaAO, .IlOJIa3H y He KOJlHKO pe'lH Koje 3Ha'le He:lKHBe IlojMoBe: ciUoiiaAo, 6u'laAO (= 6H'laJIi,e), zyOaAO (JIecKHH je jow 6ene:lKHO ZyOaAO H ZYOUllO, YKa3yjyliH Ha 'leWKO hu didio, aJIH 061111K Ha -UIlO .IlaHaC HHje y YIloTPe6H). Y xpBaTcKoM, r.lle HHa'le HMa 3HaTHO BHwe H3Be.lleHHQa Ha -/lO y He:lKHBOM 3Ha'leIhY, OBHM npHMepH Ma MO:lKe ce .IlO.llaTH H 3y6aAO H ZIlll36aAo. 1.90.4. 3a Cy$HKC -HJlO MapeTHli 1963:332 je nHcao: ,,'lHHH ce .Ila je•.. YHeceH H3 pHje'lH Kao l\ie.llHJIO, IlOjHJIO H T. .Il., r.ztie cy OCHOBe rnarOJIa IV. BpcTe (QHje.llHTH, nojHTH H T. .Il.) 3.1lpY:>KeHe CHaCTaBKOM /lo." CreBaHo BHIi 1964 1:510-515, CKJIOH.Ila CBe cy$HKce CBe.lle Ha KpajB>H CerMeHT, 3Ha caMO 3a Cy$HKC -/lO. 0 BOKaJIy HCnpe.ll a.era He roBOPH HHWTa, nHTajyhH ce je.llHHO ,,.na JlH cy .•. npeKO rnarOJIa, HJIH Henocpe,llHO O.ll OCHOBHHX npH,lleBa H3Be.lleHe HMeHHQe: /lYOUllO H 6eCllUllO" (lheroB 3aKJLyqaK je.lla ce TO "He MO:lKe HajnOY3.1laHHje petiH"). CJIH'lHa He.lloYMHQa oCTaje KO.ll Ea6Hoa 1991:275, aJIH OH HarnawaBa .Ila, 6ap 3a 6(j)ecIlUllo, Cy$HKC Mopa.lla rJlaCH -UIlO: "I1MeHHQa 6jec1lUllo MO:lKe ce IlpOT}'Mat{HTH Kao H3Be.lleHHQa Cy$HK
152
153
Tsop6a pe'!" y caBpeMeHOM cpncKOM je3HKY
Cy
COM -U/IO O,ll, npH,lI,eBa 6ujecaH HJIH rnaroJIa 6jeclUeili.U jep CYCPHKC -110 Kao OCHOBY TPe6a HeCTaH.D.ap,lI,HH rnarOJI 6jecHuiiiu."
2001:119-120). HnaK, nOllITO cy Y mfTae.y J(aHac MaJIO ynoTPe6JhaSaHe pe
1.90.4.1. O,ll, HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa H3BeJ(eHO je BpnO MaJIO pe'lH. CTeBa HOBHn (crp. 513) HaJIa3H caMo, ,lI,aHaC 3acTapene, 6poU/lo '6p,ll,o Y TKU'IKOr pa360ja' H upyUlU/lO 'uITan OJ( Y,lI,Hu,e, 6H'Ia H CJI.'. 6a6HI1 (CTP. 286) TBp,ll,H ,lI,a cY O,ll, HMeHHua HaCTaJIH ZIU1CU/lO, OZIUU/lO H cjellU/lo: OBa nOCJIeJ(H:.a pe'l (KpoaTH3aM ca 3Haqee.eM 'a6a)Kyp') He ynoTpe6JhaBa ce Y Cp6HjH.
1.90.4.2. CaCBHM noce6HY rpyny 'IHHe MyllIKa HMeHa Ha -U/lO, y KOjH Ma ce CYCPHKC no P0,ll,Y, a BepOBaTHO H no nOpeKJIY, Pa3JIHKyje O,ll, J(OCaJ( Ha Be,ll,eHHX npHMepa. CTeBaHoBHn (CTP. 513) nOMHe.e /{06pU/lo, ByjU/lo, MOM'lU/lO, Ja6y'lU/lo (OBO nOCJIe.D.H.e HMe 6H 6HJIO jeJ(HHH npHMep naJIaTa JIH3au,Hje, nOllITO no CTeBaHoBHny ,lI,OJIa3H O,ll,ja6yKa; naJIaTaJIH3aUHje HeMa y MOM'lU/lO, jep je no CTeBaHoBHny O,ll, MOM'le, HHTH y /{OJ'lU/IO, no MHJIH UH fpKoBHn o,ll,/{oj'le, a OBO O,ll,/{oja, llITO je XHnOKopHCTHK 0J(/{06pOClla6 H cn.). HHje HCKJhY'leHO ,lI,a je OBO -U/IO HaCTaJIO no,ll, ymu,ajeM 6H6JIHjCKHX HMeHa THna MuxaU/lo, PapaU/lO, J1caU/lO, CaMYU/lO, /{aHU/lO, ra6pU/lO HTJ(. 1.90.4.3. HecYMe.HBO cy O,ll, npHJ(eBa MPW6U/lO, CIleuU/lO (CJbe-), HU WWa6U/lO, a no CTeBaHoBHny H jaoU/lo (,jaJ(Ha, 6eJ(Ha oc06a') H ZpOU/lO CpY)KHa oc06a'), ,,.D.O,ll,aBae.eM HaCTaBKa Ha OKPH:.CHY OCHOBY npHJ(eBu IGoaH H zpoaH" (HaB. M.; HCTO H Y CTeBaHoBHn 19502:189). C 063HPOM Ha TO, HeMa pa3JIora ,lI,a CYMe.aMO ,lI,a cy npH,lI,eBCKor nopeKJIa H Bell nOMeHyTH IIYOU/IO H 6(j)eCHU/lO. H3Be,ll,eHHu,e O,ll, npH,lI,eBa 3a 60jy yrJIaBHOM 03Ha'iaBa jy 060jeHoCT Ha BeneM npocTOpy HJIH BH3yeJIHH yTHcaK, Kao 14p6eI/U/lO, 14P HUIlO, CU6U1l0~ ftIla6U/lO, ilfla6ewHUIlO, pYMeIlUllO, wapeHullo, 611eoU/lo (6/be-); ceKYH,lI,apHa 3Ha'leH:.a HMajy SerteHU/lO H 6(j)ertU/lo. CaMO 3a OBO no cne,ll,e.e, KaJ( 3Ha'1H 'CPe,ll,CTBO 3a 6eJhee.e', MO)Ke ce npCTnOCTaBHTH J(a je H3Be,ll,eHO H3 rJIarOJIa 6(uj)ertuwu. HHa'ie cy CrnaroJICKOM OCHOBOM jOllI ca MO uepU/lo 'MecTo r,ll,e ce ncpe py6Jhe' H WpUU/lO ('Hanpasa 3a MY'lee.e', ,lI,Ba UHTaTa y PMC). Pe'lH Kao uojU/lO, CwpawU/lO H CJIH'IHC, H3BeJ(eHe H3 rJIarona Ha -UWU, ,lI,aJIH CMO rope no,ll, -110. 1.91. -JIYK je CYCPHKC TYpCKor nopeKJIa (BHJ(H PaJ(HI1 200] :63-78), H npHJIH'laH 6poj H3Be,ll,eHHUa C e.HMe 03Ha'1aBajy nojMoBe H3 npollInOCTH (MuHoepllYK, W03llYK, UleiiertYK, weHllYK, oylUaJlYK H cn.) HJIH cy 6ap HeMO THBHcaHe y cpnCKOM, Kao MapupeiiillYK, MyWWYllyK, ja6aUillYK. OCHoBe Hcnpe,ll, OBor cycpHKca npeTe)KHO ce 3aBpllIaBajy Ha cyrna CHHK, aJIH HX HMa H Ha CaMOrJIaCHHK. ITPH TOM ce HMeHH.ue Ha -uja CBOJ(e Ha -u (KOMwuja KO.lllWU/lYK H CJI.), OJ( Mese (-ewa) HMaMO MeSertYK, a pe 'IH Ha -a 3a,ll,p)KaBajy Taj BOKaJI, Kao y UaWaJlyK, ZasOaJIYK, 'lOp6aJ1YK, 60 W'laJIyK, 1,la6aJ1YK. lliTaBHllIe, O,ll, npH,lI,eBa iiacju CTBopeHo je iiacjaJIYK, llITO
CBe HaBO,ll,H Ha nOMHcao 0 CJlO)KeHOM CYCPHKCY -allyK (BHJ(H Pa,ll,HI1 'IH, 6HI1e npaKTH'1HHje ,lI,a OBO a nOCMaTpaMO Kao ,lI,epHsaUHOHY aHOMaJIHjy, HaCTaJIY BepOBaTHO no yrJIeJ(Y Ha J~3BOpHe TYPUH3Me Kao llITO cy iiaWaJ/YK, OylUaJ/YK, KaJla6aJ1YK. '. IIaJIaTaJIH3aUHjy rnaca 14 H3 OCHOBe HaJIa3HMO Y K)'Ka6U'lllyK, W6P OU'lllYK H Y PCTKOM 6a6u'lllYK '6a6H'IKH 3aHaT, aKYllIepCTBO'.
1.91.1. H3Be,ll,eHHUe O,ll, HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe Haj'lellIne 3Ha'le KapaKTep Hy OC06HHY HnH Ha'lHH nOHallIae.a, Kao Y ynpaBo [lOMeHyToM K)lKa6u'lIlyK H W6pOU'lllYK, 3aTHM y Ma1lzyii1lyK, wepeiiillYK, MypoapllYK, yzypCySllyK, HU WK06llYK, iipocWalUlYK. o6lj)ewelUaIUlYK, KU140UillYK, zypMalUlYK, MajMYH lIyK H cn. PaJ(Hn 2001:71 Ka)Ke,ll,a ,,06pa3oBaH:.a ca CYCPHKCOM -lIyK noro,ll,y jy eMOTHBHOM je3HKY" H YKa3yje Ha H:.HXOBO O)KHBJhaBae.e "y YCJIOBHMa cpncKor 6ypHor nOJlHTH'IKOr )KHBOTa nOCJIe,ll,e.HX J(eueHHja". Ha crp. 72-73 HCTH ayTop rOBopH 0 "CTHJlCKO-CeMaHTH'IKoj HHTeH3HcpHKaUHjH", ycne,ll, Koje peUHMO oywMaHllYK 3Ha'lH "B e JI H K 0 HenpHjaTeJhCTBO, qaK Mp)Ke.a". Y cmpHjeM je3HKY OBe HMeHHue cy Morne 3Ha'lHTH BnaCT J(OCTojaH CTBeHHKa 03HaQeHOr HMeHHUOM y OCHOBH, HnH TePHTOPHjy nOJ( H:.erOBOM BJIallIny, Kao y 6eZ/lyK, iiaWaJ/YK, cUaxuIlYK. 3aHaT HJIH 3aHHMaH:.e 03HaQa BaJIe cy pe'lH Kao KUpU1,lU/lYK, KasaH1,lU/lYK, up0600a1,lU/lYK, 6aWW06a1U1YK H cn. H3Be,ll,eHHUe OJ( CTHHKa, no ApHayiiillYK, 1lI0iillyK, L(Ull14apllYK, 03Ha'la BaJIe cy o,ll,peijeHY nonYJIaUHjy HJIH 06JIaCT KOjy OHa HaCeJhaBa, aJIH C nejo paTHBHHM npH3BYKOM, KaKO HCTH'IY CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:516, MapKoB 1957:164, 166, PaJ(Hn 1990:404, PaJ(Hn 2001:68. CneuHcpH'iHa 3Ha'leH:.a HMaMO Y opwalUlYK, KOMWU/lYK, ZasOaJIYK '60raTcTBo, HMaH:.e'. Mae.H ,lI,eo pe'lH CTeKaO je H npeJ(MCTHa 3Ha'lee.a, yrnaBHoM 36HpHa Kao y Me3ert)'K (= Me3e, npeMa PMC), 6awiiio6aHllYK (= 6allIToBaHCTBo, aJIH no MapKoBY 1957:165 'noBpne H CJI.'; yn. H PaJ(Hn 2001:69), 60ja1,lU/lyK ('60jaUHjcKa p06a' no HCTOM ayropy), 6aKaJlYK H CJI. IIoje,ll,HHa'lHe npe,ll,MeTe 03Ha'1aBajy 60W'laJIYK, 'lU6U/lYK (oJ( 'lU6uja), 'lOp 6aJ1YK ''IHHHja 3a '1op6y" UPCllYK (HapoJ(HoM CTHMOJIOrHjoM Be3aHO 3a HMeHH[(Y iipca, HHa'1e OJ( HeM. Brustjleck npeKO MaijapcKor pruszlik: CKOI( ra ollHcyje Kao "I1HTepecaHTaH npHMjep TypUH3Hpae.a e.eMa'iKe PHje '1H").79 79 3aHIIM.lbIlBY eTHMOnornKY IICTOPlljy liMa II 1I113HB Cnan(!lrn8 (llaHaC HeMOTlIBHcaJf)
paiWIYK, y0611'fajeH y HOBllje BpeMe HaMeCTO paHHjer TYPI.{H3Ma paxaiii-JlOKYM. tJ.o TOra 0'111 rJle)lHO HlIje MOrJlO )lOtill q,oHeTCKIIM nyreM, Hero KOHTaMHHaJJ.lIjOM ca ancrpaKTHOM HMeHH L\OM paiWIYK =paxaiWIYK '3MOBOJbCTBO, Y)l06HOCT, 6e36plllKllOCT', O)l typcKor rahatllk (B. KO.ll lllKaJblllia).
154
CyljlHKtal\Hja
Toop6a pC'll! Y CaOpeMeHOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
1.91.2. O)l npH)leBa, y3 eJIHMHHal{Hjy npH)leBCKor cyijJlu
I 'I j
ci I
1
155
1.92.2. rOBopeli11 0 HaCTaBKY -HJba, JIeCKI1H je (19 I 4:23 I, 234-235) HacTojao .lI.a Ta'lHO prorpaHH'I11 npl1Mepe Kao UIIeW-UJba O.ll. OHHX Kao 00 jU-/ba, r.ll.e U nplma~a rJIarOJICKoj OCHOBI1. CTeBaHOBl1n, HanpOTI1B (1964 1:517), 11 je~He H .lI.pyre fie3 palJII1Ke cBpcrasa no.ll. Cyq,HKC -/ba, rOBO penH caMO 0 "HMeHHuaMa Koje 3Ha'le )KeHY BpWHOL\a pa.D.H>e 03HaQeHe rna rOJlOM y OCHOBH". JaCHO je ~a ce H3 pe'lH Kao oojUJba, upaWUJba, wyXU/ba nepl1HTerpaL\HjoM H3,lJ,BojHO HOBI1 Cyq,I1KC -U/ba H npeHeo Ha rnarone ca OCHOBOM Ha KOHCOHaHT: UIIeWU/ba, My3U/bQ, 6e:JUJba, upeOU/ba (= upetba); yn. H uepU/ba Kao peijy BapHjamy O.ll. Upalba. IliTO ce TH'Ie pe'lH oaOUJba, CKOK no.ll. O~pe.ll.HHUOM oaouja ofijawa.aBa .lI.a je TO "fianKaHCKH TYPL\l13aM" (dadi) y KOMe je -uja H3MeFheHO y -U/ba no aHanorHjH C iJojU/ba; y npeTXO~ HOj O~pe.ll.HHUH (0000) Ka)I(e .lI.a pe'l "MO)Ke aJJl1 He Mopa filITl1 nocygeHa" H3 TYPCKOr. 1.93. 3a Cyq,I1KC -UHK Ben CMO y 1.58 HanoMeHYJlI1 KOJlHKO ra je TeIllKO prorpaHH'lHTH o~ npHMapHor cyq,HKca -UK. TaMO CMO I13Be.ll.eHHue o~ npH,lJ,e Ba H rJlarOJlCKHX TPnHHX npH,lJ,eBa CBpCTaJJl1 no~ -UK, Y3 HanOMeHY .lI.a je Taj H3fiop MaFhe-BHWe npOI13BOIbaH, fiY.ll.ynH ~a ce DpaKTl1'1HO CBe OCHOBe 3aBp lllaBajy Ha -fl, YCJ1e.ll. 'Iera je on03HUHja -UK: -HUK HeyrpaJIHcaHa. IliTO ce TH'le HMeHH'lKHX OCHOBa, BH,lIenH CMO .lI.a ce -UK (y3 6UOUK Kao je.ll.HHH H3Y3eTaK) HeCYMFhHBO jaB.ILa caMO y H3Be.ll.eHHuaMa ca 3Ha'le FheM lllyMHu:e HJlH BoliFhaKa, THDa 6p6W(, Ul./bU8UK. Y CBHM OCTaJIHM pe'lI1Ma je -HUK (Hnp. 3acwa6HUK, iiJzO'lHUK). 0TY~a cy H MapeTHn 1963:352 11 JIe CKHH 1914:258-260 OBaKBe pe'lH He.ll.BOCMHCJleflO CBpCTaBaJIH IIO~ -HUK, YKIbY'lyjynH 11 oue ca OCHOBOM Ha -H: TaKO MapeTHn ofijawFhaBa .lI.aje lIa PUHUK "MjecTo u:aPHHHHK", 380HUK "MjecTo: 3BOHHHK". 3aHCTa, aKO fiHCMO npeTnOCTaBRlIH ~a je Y lIaPUHUK HJlH 611azajHuK cyq,HKC -UK, nOCTaBHJlO fiH ce nHTaFhe 3alllTO He nOCTojH H HeKa pe'l no *0060pUK, *i10Pe:JUK, *UOPO aiUK. liJlH, aKO fiH ca -UK fiHnH UMeHUK H 3aKOHUK, no aHaJJorHjH fiH TPefia JlO O'leKHBaTH H *p(j)e'lUx: HJlH *i1pa6UlluK. IIowTo TaKBHX ofinHKa HeMa, JIOrn'lHO je 3aKIby'llITH .lI.a H y3 OCHOBe Ha -H .lI.OJlalH -HiiK, ca Ca)KHMaFheM ~Ba H y je~Ho. tJY~HO je IllTO ca OCaMOCTaJbeFheM cyq,HKca -HUK (pacnpoCTpaFheHor H y .lI.pyrnM CJl0BeHCKHM je3HL\HMa)81 HHje Morno ~a ce nOMHpH AJleKCaH}."(ap lienHn. OH je CBe TaKBe pe'lH nOKyrnasao .u.a npe~CTaBH Kao H3Be.ll.eHe cy q,HKCOM -UK O.ll. npH,lleBa Ha -H(U). TaKO ce Y CBOM pa.u.y 0 rpaljea.y HOBHX 81 H3 pYCKor (nocpe)J.CTBOM peqH Kao WTO je cfiyili/lUI( > sputnik), D.eJlHtdH'IHO H npe KO jHD.HWa, -/lUI( je npoD.pno H y eHrJleCKH, D.ajyliH n030aTO beatnik, HJlH refusenik, 'a Soviet citizen who is refused pennission to emigrate'. MHJlOjCBHh 2000:189 6ene>KH '1aK H discot hequenik, O'lHrJle):lHO y CMHCJlY CTaJIHOr nOCeTHOl\a AHCKOTeKe.
156
TBop6a pe'!H Y CllBpCMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY Cyq,HKCatlHja
pe'lM (Eemd'i 1936) OH mna Aa nM je npaBMnHO rpa~eHo oC6eUiltUK (CTp.
257), 6YAynM Aa KOA BYKa HeMa npMAeBa oC6eUiflU; nOTOM 3aK.lbY'lyje Aa
jecTe npaBMnHO, anM TeK nomTO je YTBPAMO Aa npMAeB oC6eUillU nocTojM
KOA I1BeKoBHna-Ep03a! Ha MCTM Ha'lHH npMXBaTa M oUiUaOllUK (3a6eJTeiKe
HO KOA BYKa), rAe "npMAeBa HeMa, anM 6M M OH Morao nocTojaTM, Kao mTO
je M nocTojao KOA nMcua XVIII B." I1CTMX MepMna ApiKM ce MCTcBaHoBMn (1964 1:506-507), KOjM Hl1rAe He nOMMlhe CycpMKC -HUK. CBe M3BeAeHMue TMna ,<eUiHUK, Kp6HUK OH HaBOAM nOA -UK, Kao M3BCAeHe "OA MMeHMl.(e, anM nocpeAHO npeKO npMAeBa". ilpM3Haje Aa HeMa npMAeBa npeMa 3apY'IIIUK, oOMeUiHUK, lfapUHUK M APyrHMa, Aa HM npeMa YZOO/-lUK HeMa npMAeBa "y 3Ha'leay oHaj KOjH yra~a", MnM npeMa ypeoHuK y 3Ha'leay "oHaj KOjM ype~yje" - anM 3a TaKBe pe'lM CMa1pa Aa cy HaCTane "no ymeAY Ha CJIH'lHe MMeHHl.(e nOCTane npeKo npMAeBa Ha H".
1.93.1. Y AaHamlhe BpeMe BMme HeMa pa3JIOra Aa CYMlhaMO Aa M3Be AeHMue OA MMeHM'lKHX OCHOBa, Kao H OHe OA rnarOnCKHX (OCTaBJhajynH no CTpaHM TpnHM npMAeB) HMajy CycpHKC -HUK. OApe~HBaae MOTHBHe pe'lH, MeIjYTMM, MOiKe y MHOrHM cny'iajeBHMa Aa 6YAe HeM3BecHO, jep ce Aoralja Aa OA HCTe OCHOBe nocToje HMeHMua H rnaron, HMeHMl.(a H npHAeB, HJIH CBe 1poje. Ea6Hn 1991 ;211 HaBOAH npHMep pet ll1 paUiHuK, Koja 6H ce Morna Ae cpHHHcanl no "CYAHOHHK y paTY", "paTHa oc06a" HJIM "oHaj KOjH paryje". (.I(pyra OA OBMX AecpMHMl.(Mja TemKO je npMXBaTJhHBa, anH MOiKeMO 3aMH CJIMTl1 Aa 6M joj EeJIHn M CTeBaHOBHn AanM npeAHOCT, jep 6M CMaTpanH Aa 6e3 npHAeBa paUiHU He 6H HH 6Hno H3BeAeHMl.(e paUiHuK.) OnmHpHO pac npaBJhajynH 0 KpHTepHjHMa 3a pa3JIMKOBaae -UK OA -HUK, Ea6Hn 3aKJhY'1yje caMO Aa "Taj np06neM 1pe6a jom HC1paiKHBaTM". ,[(a HH caM HHje Hamao CHI)'PHO pemeae, nOKa3yje 'iHaeHHl.(a Aa je Hnp. pe'l upa611UK CBpCTaHa H nOA jeAaH H nOA ApyrH CycpMKC (C1p. 214 M 218), HCTO TaKO MMO!IHUK (CTp. 212
H
219).
1.93.2. HeKa OCHOBHa ynYTcTBa 3a pemaBaae OBaKBHX AHneMa Aana je MapHja AH'iHn-06p~oBHn y CBOM p~y 1975 1:170 H AaJhe. Pe'i 6oAe CHUK, peUHMo, no OHOMe mTO OHa Ha3HBa "ceMaHTH'iKI1 KpI1TepMj", 6Hne OA npHAeBa a He OA MMeHI1l.(e: Aa je OA I1MeHl1ue 60AecUi, Morna 611 3Ha'lH Tl1 'lOBeKa KOjl1 60necT ne'il1, KOjl1 je mHpH, KOjH je ce nnamH H MHOro mTa Apyro, AOK je Aecpl1HHUHja ,,6oAecUiaH 'iOBeK" HeABOCMHcneHa. Pe'iM ca 3Ha'lelheM JhYACKHX 6l1na, KaiKe OHa, 1pe6a AecpHHI1CaTH Y3 nOMon HMeHH l.(e 'l.06jeK, a He HeKOM CneUl1cpH'iHOM anM npOM3BOJhHO oAa6paHOM HMeHM UOM. OTYAa ne ce HaY'l.HUK (CTp. 173) Aecpl1HHCaTH ,,'iOBjeK KOjH ce 6aBH HaYKoM" a He "HaY'lHM paAHHK", AaKne OCHOBa je I1MeHM'lKa a He npMAeB CKa. llyUiHUK (CTp. 171) je OA rnarona (,,'lOBjeK KOjl1 nYTyje"). Y ApyroM p~y, AH'iMn 1975 3, HCTa aYTopKa aHaJIH3Hpajom HeKOJIHKO cnopHMx npH Mepa. Ha CTp. 14 KaiKe Aa pe'1H Kao uOMonHuK MnM oo6uUiHUK Tpe6a H3BO
~l
~
•~
157
AIiTIi M3 rnarOJIa a He li3 HMeHHl.(e, jep 6M AecpliHMl.(Hja nOMony MMeHMl.(e 6Mna 3a06HJ1a3Ha (,,npYiKaTH nOMon" HMje HlimTa Apyro AO uOMazaUiu, "OCTBapM[Ba]TH Ao6HT" = oo6ujaUiu).82 OA rJIarona je Ii uocjeolluK (C1p. 15), Kao mTO nOKa3yje nopeljelhe C ApyrHM \t3BeAeHMl.{aMa, Hnp. uocpeo HUK, upeocjeoHuK, rAe nocTOjH caMO rnarOJI a He H HMeHHl.(a. CJIM'lHe 3aK.lbY'lKe MOiKeMO HanH 11 y p~y JypHmHn 1963. Pe'l zpe WI/UK (C1p. 187), no OBOM aYTopy, Morna 6M 6MTH 6HJIO OA zpewaH 6HJIO OA zpujewuUiu. 0 aeHoj KJIaCl1cpHKal.(HjH OH ce He H3jamli>aBa, anH 0 TOM THny H3BeAeHHua yonmTe KaiKe: "C BpeMeHOM je nOMHcao Ha KaKBony CDe BMme 6Hna nOTMCKMBaHa OA nOMHcnM Ha Bpmeae p~li>e HJIH cpYHKl.(Hjy, Te je Ta KO AOna3HnO AO M3paBHor HacnOHa Ha marOJI." C 063HPOM Ha TO, OH H Ta KBe pe'iM Kao iipoiio6jeoHuK, iiyUiHUK, paOHUK, 6ujenlluK CBpCTaBa Meljy "HMeHHl.(e Koje 3Ha'le BpmMTeJha p~li>e". (TIocneAIi>Y pe'l 6HCMO MnaK CMaTpaJIH 3a AeHOMHHaJIay, 6YAyhH Aa 3Ha'll1 'qnaH Bena' npe Hero ''lODeK KOjH Bena'.)
1.93.3. 360r HeH3BeCHOCTH y oApeljMBaay OCHOBe TemKO je penH KO JIHKO HMa nojaBa nanaTaJIH3al.(Hje HcnpeA cycpHKca -HUK, jep 6Hpel.(HMO y HaY'l.HUK HnH iipUpy'l.HUK OHa Morna nOTHl{aTH H3 npMAeBa HaY"'"U, upU py'l.IIU. HeCYMal1Be npHMepe, HnaK, HaJIa3HMO 3a K y KOAU'l.llUK, 3a z y cy iipYXHUK, iipiWbaXHUK, 3a x y iipaWlIUK, OOYWHUK, a C HejacHoM MOTI1Da UHjOM y 0YWHUK (no CKOKY OA oyx y 3Ha'le1i>Y 'Aax'). 3a anTepHal.(Mjy /,fl.. HeMa CHrypHI1X npMMepa. rpyna CUiH ynpomnasa ce y CII (xoOO'l.aCHUK, UC UOCHUK). CneUHIPH'IHe cpOHeTCKe npoMeHe Hana3HMO y AeWHUK (Jbe-) OA A(uj)eCKa, Kao 11 y cnoiKeHHuaMa C HMeHI1UOM MUUlJbe1be - UCUiOMUUlJbe HUK, HeucUio-, jeoHo-, 3AOMUUlJbeUUK - rAe MopaMO npeTnOCTaBHTH Aa je Aomno AO aCMMHnaUHje lbH > H,1I > H. 1.93.4. liI3BeAeHHl\e OA HMeHHl.{a 03Ha'iaBajy y npBoM peAY 3aHHMalba (6AazajHuK, UOPe3H,UK, Ha030pHUK, ii030P'tuK, opxa6HUK, paUiHUK, Ha Y'fHUK, upa6HUK, HacUia6HUK, iipU6peOHUK, iiOzpe61lUK, up[ujje603HuK, 600 HUK,3acUia6HUK, xyUHUK, iiexapHuK, KOMOPHUK MTA.) HnH pa3J1H'lHTe Apyre iKHBOTHe YJIore, Kao Jby6a6HuK, cyiiPYXHUK, 6IIaCHUK, Ca6e3IlUK, KP6HUK, ilpe.tby6HUK, U3zpeOHUK, iiopoUiHUK, U3AeUiHUK, ZIlaCHUK, (0)eCHUK, CaMpUi HUK, 'l.eJlHUK H cn. (CXOAHO nOMeHymM KpHTepHjl1Ma AH'iMneBe, nocneAay pe'i MornM 611CMO M3BOAHTH H H3 npMAeBa, YKonl1KO je AelPHHMmeMO ''len 82 OB.ll.e ce O'lHrne,ll.110 nO.ll.pa3YMesa .ll.a cy cepweHH H HecBpweHH rnaron eKSHsa neHtHH no neKCH'IKOM C3,IIplKajy, 6YJl.ynH Jl.a .ll.eIj>HHHl\Hja caJ\plKH rnaron uOMlli.'ailiu, a OCHOsa pe'!H UOMoIiHUK, npeMa AH'mhe80j,jeCTe Kpl-bH HHq,HIUltHB O.ll. UOMoliu. MoryliHOCt .ll.a y OCH08H 6yJJ.Y nplf.ll.eSH UOMoliHU OJl.HOCHO Oo6uiliHU AH'!Hnesa He YlHMa y 063HP, no lIlTO no a.eHOM CXBaTIll1>Y TBOp6eHe Be3e CeMaHTH'IKH KpHTepHjYM yseK HMa npe.LlHOCT Ha,II 06nH'IKIIM.
158
Hli '10aeK' -
TBop6a pe'lH y C3BpeMeIlOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Ma)),a
je
npHKJIa))'HHja )),eljlHHHlI.Hja 'oHaj KOjH je Ha 'l.eJIY
['l.era)'. To He BalKH 3a npHMepe Kao.fby6a8llUK HJIH CaMPWUUK, r)),e TaKolle nocTOje npH)J,eBH Ha -HU, aJIH 6H ce Tell1KO MornH ynOTpe6HTH y )J,eIjlHmU.(H jH C HMeHHlI.OM 'l06eK.) MOlKeMO ce CJIO:>KHTH C Ea6HneM 1991 :217 )J,a cy ycwaHuK H iiepjalluK H3Be)J,eHH O)J, CKpaneHHX OCHOBa HMeHHua ycwaHaK O)),HOCHO iiepjaHUija. AHaJIOrHO TOMe, YM(j)eWHUK 6HCMO MornH H3BeCTH O)J, YM(j)eilluOCill, 6y )J,ynH )J,a ce no 3Ha'l.efLY He MO)!(e H3BeCTH O)J, marOJIa YM(j)eillu HHTH O)J,
npH)J,eBaYM(j)eillaH (KOjH y )J,aHall1H.eM cpnCKOM BepOBaTHO H He nocTojH). HHje MalbH HH 6poj H3Be)J,eHHIl,a C He)!(HBHM 3Ha'l.eH.eM. CyljlHKC y lbHMa HeMa HeKO CneIl,HIjlH'lHO 3Ha'l.eH.e, jep 06yxBaTa 6Hno KaKBY CMHcao Hy Be3Y C MOTHBHOM HMeHHUOM: 'lajHuK, PY'lIlUK, iipiWbaxHuK, 38Y'lHUK, OilliioPHUK, iiPUjeMHUK, iipeoajHuK, iirlaMeHUK, iirlO'lHUK, 380HUK, ciioMeHuK, cilleiieHuK, HYXHUK (ca ynpowliefLeM rpyne -xon-: MaH.e je BepoBaTHo ))'a je 0)), npH)J,eBa uyxaH), iipaUl.HUK, jajHuK, YZlbeHUK, c(j)eMellUK, 360pUUK, iipa6U11HuK, 3aKOHUK, plj)e'lIlUK, UJlfeHUK, 3a6a6HuK, OZllaCHUK H )J,pyro.
1.93.5. C npH)J,eBcKHM OCHOBaMa, HecYMlbHBo -HUK HMajy caMO op 3HUK (ca cKpanelbeM oCHoBe), iipoKfleillHuK, a BepoBaTHo Ty CrIa)),a H iip(uj)e'lHUK (CKOK ra H3BO)J,H H3 npH)J,eBa iip[uj]eK nocpe)),cTBoM 3acTape JIor rIpH)J,eBa iip[uj]e'laH = iioiipe'laH). He 0)J,6auyjeMo MorynHocT )),a ce TO Me )),o)J,ajy H CBH OHH npHMepH Koje CMO HaBenH y 1.58 H 1.58.1, a 3a Koje CMO peKJIH )J,a HX rIpeTe)!(Ho H3 rIparMaTcKHx pa3JIora CMaTpaMO H3Be)),eHH Il,aMa Ha -UK.
Cy$HKClIQHja
159
)J,HHH TaKBH 06nHUH, He HCrInaTH ce rOBopHTH 0 CJIO)!(eHHM cyljlHKcHMa -aJl
HUK O)J,HOCHO -WlHUK.
1.93.7. CKpanefLe OCHOBe IjlOHeTCKH je rOTOBO je)J,HaKO npOll.ecHMa KOjH CJIy)!(e 3a H3Boljelbe )J,eBep6aJIHHX HMeHHua. YCJIe)J, Tora y MHOrHM pe '1HMa MO)!(eMO 6HTH y He)J,oYMHUH ))'a JIH je OCHOBa rnarOJICKa HRH HMe HH'IKa. TaKo ce peUHMO Y yiipa8HuK, OWiipeMlmK, iiP08aJ1HUK, OC6eillHUK, Kfle8eillHUK, U3oajHuK, ii06(j)eOHUK, 3aM(j)eUUK HT)J,. HCTa OCHOBa jaBJ'La y HMeHHIl,aMa ca CyljlHKCOM -a (yiipa8a, oilliipeMa HT)J,.). Y pe'lHMa Kao U380 3HUK, iioc(j)eOHUK, Ha800HUK, XOOHUK, Z060PllUK, ca6(j)eiImuK, Ul.illuiUHUK, 3aiiucHUIc HT)J,. OCHOBa je nOTfiYHo je)J,HaKa HMeHHIl,H MYll1Kor pO)J,a ca cy rnaCHH'IKHM 3aBpll1eTKOM (U3603 HT)J,.), a y KOPUCHUK HJIH iipoii06(j)eOHuK HMeHHUH )!(eHCKOr pO)J,a Ha cymacHHK. Y MHorHMa 0)J, THX pe'lH, 3aHCTa, MorynHocT H3BoljefLa O)J, HMeHHua He MO)!(e ce KaTeropH'IKH 0)J,6all.HTH. HnaK, noWTO OHe HMajy HCTO areHTHBHO 3Ha'!efLe Kao H HeCYMfLHBH )J,e Bep6anH (yiipa6HUK yiipa8.fba HCTO OHaKO Kao lI1TO iipeoc[j]eOHUK iipeocDieoa8a, ape0600HUK iipe0600U HT)J,.), 'IHHH ce HajJIOrn'lHHje )J,a H H.HX H3Be)J,eMO O)J, rJIarOJIa. Jow je)J,aH apryMeHT y npHJIOr TOMe MornH 6H 6HTH npHMepH Kao iipeOciii.a8HuK, 3a600HUK, iiP0600HUK, oiUiiaOHUK, r)J,e TaKolje nocTojH HMeHHlI.a (apeOciii.a6a, 3a600, iiP0600, oiUaao), aJIH C 063H POM Ha 3Ha'lefLe MOTHBHa pe'! HHKaKO He MO)!(e 6HTH Ta HMeHHlI.a, Hero ca MO rnarOJI.
Y
pe'lH 0060jHUK 06JIHK OCHOBe ynynyje Ha HMeHHlI.y, aJIH C HMeHH
1.93.6. Hajnpo.nyKTHBHHjH je oBaj CyljlHKC C rnarOJICKHM OCHo~aMa. Te OCHOBe ce yaeK 3aBpll1aBajy Ha cyrJIaCHHK, aJIH ce )),0 lbHX ))'onaJH PaJ
Il,OM oo60j (y PMC 03Ha'!eHOM Kao "Heo6.") 6HRO 6H roTOBO HeMoryne )J,e IjlHHHcaTH 0060jHUK, rIa je 60J'Le (Kao H y pe'lH oo6ojKa, 1.81.1) cMaTpaTH )J,a je oo60j- rIpeBojHH aJIOMOpljl OCHOBe fJIarOJIa oo6ujaiUu. CJIH'IHO pacy
JIH'IHTHM nYTeBHMa. Haj'l.eWnH cnY'laj je HHIjlHHHTHBHa OCHOBa 6e3 Kpaj fLer BOKaJIa (HrIp. pacuii[a]-wu -+ pacuii-HUK); MO)!(e 6HTH H npe3eHTCKa OCHOBa Kao y U3oajHuK, iioKajHuK, HnH KPfLH HHIjlHHHTHB (B. AH'IHn 19753:14) Kao y 006UWHUK, 3a'leillHUK, iio'leillHUK, iioMonHuK. OCHoBa CBP weHor rnarona 06H'IHO cJIY)!(H H 3a pe'!H y '1Hjoj 6HCMO )J,eIjlHHHUHjH yno
Meljy Hajn03HaTHjHMa cy iiyiUHUK, ii08paillHUK, iipuuaoHUK, HaCileoHuK (Ha
Tpe6H[lH HeCBpweHH maron, Kao y ynpaBo nOMeHYTa '1eTUpH rIpHMepa, HnH y Hapeo-HuK (rIpeMa Hape~u8aillu), ypeo-lluK (npeMa ype9u8aillu) H CJI. MopljleMe 3a TBOp6y HecBpweHHx marOJIa -06-, -a8-, -e8-, -U8- rIO npaBHJIy ce 0)J,6aIJ,yjy, Kao y iioc(j)eO-HUK, ca8(j)eill-HUK, iiyill-HUK, iipeoc(j)eO-HUK, 80j-HUK (aKO ra H3BO)J,HMO 0)), 80je6awu), OOiiUC-HUK (npeMa ooiiucu8aillu ce); jow ja'le cKpalieH.e HMaMO y Y'leC-HUK O)J, Y'leciii.6-o8aillu. fIoHeKa)), HnaK -08- oCTaje, Kao y cillaH06HUK (AH'mlieBa, HaB.M., o6jawlbaBa TO THMe WTO 6H (cillaH-HUK > *CillaHUK 6HJIO He)J,OBOJ'LHO MOTHBHCaHO), 6(j)ep08 HUK, iiOC/l08HUK. CaCBHM noce6aH CJIY'laj cy CillpaOaJIHUK H 6YOWlHUK, r)J,e je YJeTa OCHOBa panHor npH)J,eBa (6e3 npOMeHe Il > 0): 6y)J,yliH )J,a cy TO je
ljHBafLe 6H MO)!()J,a MOrJIO )J,a B~ H 3a Ha030pHUK npeMa Ha03upaiUu, Mana TY CBaKaKO )J,OJIaJH y 063Hp H )J,eljlHHHlI.Hja 'oHaj KOMe je rIOaepeH Ha030p Ha)J, KHM HJIH 'IHM', KaKO je y PMC.
1.93.S.
H3Be)J,eHHIl,e ca 3Ha'leH.eM 'IOBeKa YBeK cy nomina agentis.
C/be-), Y'leCHUK, 3aM(j)eHuK, 3aciUyUHuK, iiocpeoHuK, iiOK/lOHUK, iipeo8oo HUK, oiUiiaoHuK, oOMeiUHuK, U3oajHuK, iioKajHuK, pacuiiHuK, oC8eiUHUK, K/le 8eillHUK, iiaillHUK, 3a80oHuK, iio'leillHUK, 3a'leillHUK, iipuiipa6HuK, ciUaH08 HUK' aOC(j)eoHuK, iiPOIla3HUK, uciio6lj)eoHuK, apoiio6(j)eoHuK, 3au06(j)eo HUK, iipeoc(j)eoHuK, yiipa6HuK, HapeoHUK, ypeOllUK, OOiiuCHUK, iioiUiiuCILUK, Y603HUK, U3603HUK, uCileoHuK (uC/be-), 6e.neXHUK (6U1be-), ciiP0600HUK, Pa3800HUK (y 6HOCKOrIY, HJIH 'IHH Y BOjCIl,H: y He:lKHBOM 3Ha'leH.Y je Tex HH'IKH TepMHH), oiUiipa6HuK (y )!(eneJHH'!KOM TepMHHY o. 80306a HnH y)J,H nJIOMaTCKOM o. iioCllo6a), xeHUK (rIpB06HTHO MOllr)J,a xeHUX, Kao y py CKOM: B. CKOKa no)J, xeHa), U38UOHU1( HT)J,.
160
CycjlllKCal.lllja
TBop6a PC'lIl Y CaBpCMCIIOM CpnCKOM je:lIlKY
OBOMe CnHCKY CBaKaKO -rpe6a ,llO,llaTH H pe'ul Koje 6H ce MOrne 113BO ,llHTH H O,ll HMeHl:i1.te, KaO paOIIUK, ZOeOpIIUK, elj)epuuK, KOPUCIIUK, oo6uiil HUK, upeiilWlaiilHUK, caelj)eiillluK, uoclj)eolluK, O,ll I1pH,lleBa, Kao 3a8UCIlUK, UPOiilU8HUK, 60Z0XYAHUK, O,llHOCHO O,ll npH,lleBa HnH O,ll HMeHHl(e, Kao uo MoIiHUK, jypUUlHUK. 3a CBe (MIX, HnaK, HajnpHpO,llHHje je H3Boljea.e H3 rna rona. 83 Ko,ll 110HeKHX H3Be,lleHHl(a BHwe HHje jacHa ceMaHTH'IKa Be3a C MO THBHHM rnarOJIOM, Kao y UOAG.3HUK (O,ll rnaroJla uOlla3uiilu y 3aCTapeJlOM . npena3HOM 3Ha'lea.y '110xaljaTH'), liaciilojuuK, UCUUCIlUK H CJl. MOTJoIBal(l1ja je oorOTOBY 3aMylieHa y PG.360jHUK ("pHje'l pa360juuK ca CTaHOBHWTa CHH xpoHHje ... MO)Ke ce CMa-rpaTH HeH3Be,lleHOM", OHwe AH'IHIi 1975 3:10-11, "c 063HPOM ,lla pHje'l pG.36oj y caBpeMeHoM je311KY He OOCTojH"), 3aiilo'lIlUK (no CKOKY 0,ll3aiilenu ce KOMY 'o6Be3aTH ce KOMy'), ilo6opUUK (pYCH3aM: y PYCKOM nocTojH H rnaron ilo6opoiilbCR) H cn. H3Be,lleHHl(a C He)KHBHM 3Ha'lea.eM HMa 3HaTHO Maa.e. Mory 03Ha'la BaTH ypeljaje (6paHUK, UliiluiilllUK, 0060jHUK, upeIUlOUIlUK, UP0800IlUK, CIlU611UK, ciile3HUK HT,ll.) , 3HaKOBe (Ha600IlUK, YUUiilHUK, Y3eU'lIlUK, yc IUlU'lllUK HT,ll.) H pa3He ,llPyre nojMoBe (3aUUClIUK, uoocO]eiilIlUK, UOCl106 HUK, Y8001lUK, pacaOHUK, XOOllUK, 6e3IlUK, Y3P0'lUUK HT,ll.). 11 OB,lle 110CTOjH MorynHocT anTepHaTHBHor H3Boljea.a H3 HMeHHl(a HnH npH,lleBa, Hnp., 3a Y6001lUK, Y3P0'lIlUK. Y36U'lHUK, YCK./lU'lHUK H lla8001lUK MornH 6H 6HTH ,lle HOMHHanHH C 063HpOM Ha CHHOHHMe 31laK Y38UKa (31laK YClUluKa, 31laK lla 600a), anH Te'HMeHHl(e cy H caMe ,lleBep6anH; C ,llpyre c-rpaHe, aHanorHja ca YUUiilHUK ynyhyje Ha maron.
1.93.9. O,ll I1pHJlOra je KOAU'lHUK. 1.93.10. -HilK ce qeCTO yno-rpe6JbaBa y npecpHKcanHo-cyqlHKcanHoj TBOp6H: oozlla8HuK, OOYUlHUK, lla'leIlHUK, HaM (j)eCHUK, HayumuK, iio lleo(j)eJbHUK, CaWleMeHUK, cazo6opllUK, cYllapooHuK, CYIlOJICHUK, cYZ/la CIIUK, oKo6paiilHuK, 6ecKynHuK, 6e3zalilluK H CJl.
CnO)KeHo-cycpHKcanHe TBOpeHHl(e cy 3eM.1bOpaOllUK (O,ll 3eM.1ba
+ pa
oumu, He O,ll paOHUK), 0YUle6puJlCHUK, KpueOlUleiilllUK, O(j)eIl0800HUK, ca MOZllaCHUK, up80KaiilezopHUK (opYZO-, iilpeneKaiilezopHUK), jeoHOMUUlJbe HUK, UCiilOMUUlJbeHUK (B. rope, 1.93.3) H jow nOHeKa. C rOTOBHM H3Be,lleHH l(aMa Ha -HUK CJIO:>KeHe cy pe'lH Kao zpaOOHa'lellHUK, pOOOHa'lellIlUK, UOOIlO ilOIUlOHUK, ilpaeo3aciilyilHuK, p0606llaCHUK, iipeciiloAoHaClleouuK (-C/beo HUK), 3eM.1boiioc(j)eoHuK, MMouoc(j)eouuK HT,ll. 83 Bpc.lUI 3am131!T1I J{a jc pe'! oo6uUillUK cTapllja II 60Jhe nOCBc.u.o'!eHa Hero zy6uUillUK (OBa J{pyra je y PMC caMO c jeJ{HIIM l\IITaTOM 113 1957; y PCAHY je ynyhcHa Ila ,l{aHaC Hey oOIl'!ajeHo zy6unall). To 611 MOrJlO 3Ha'!IITII J{a jc oo6uiUIIUK npB0611THO HaCTaJJO 113 IIMCHII u:e oo6uUi (JlOK (zy6uiU He nOCTojl!). anI! II ,l{a je BPCMCHOM cXBaheHO Kao ,l{CBepOan, YCJJe,l{ '!era BlIllIe Hllje 611J1o npenpeKe J{a ce aHaJJorHa 113BeJ{CHIlu:a Ha'iIlHII OJl rnaroJla zy6uiUu.
161
CJlO)KeHH CYCPHKCH:
1.93.11. -ABHHK HMaMO caMO y iioCllYJlCa8HUK (c ,llaHaC pel)oM BapH jaHToM CIlY:JiCa8HuK) H y ljy6pa6l1uK l)y6pOBHHK). MorJJo je HaCTaTH no aHllJIOrHjH, 6HJlo CI1pH,lleBHMa Ha -ae(a)u (y6ulja6aH H. CJI.), CrnarOJlHMa Ha -a6aiilu HJIH ca HMeHHQaMa Ha -a8(a)tl, -aeKa H CJJH'I~e cycpHKce. 1.93.12. 3a -OBHHK HHje ClfI'ypHO ,lla JIH HMa H BapHjaHTY -e6HuK. C TaKBHM 3aBpWeTKOM cy, HaHMe, CaMO KlbU:JiCeeHUK H Olle8IlUK, pe'lH Koje ce 110 06JlHKY HecYMa.HBO Be3yjy 3a npH,lleBe KlbU:JiCe6IlU, OHe6Hu, Ma,ll,a 6H ce no 3Ha'lea.y npe MOTHBHCane HMeHHl(OM Klbuza O,llHOCHO oaH. H3Be,lleHHl(e Koje ce O,llHOCe Ha JbY,lle HMajy pa3JlH'IHTa 3Ha'lea.a: pe 008HUK (O,ll peo), iiYK06HUK, 60j08HUK, a C Kpaja.e HeO,llpeljeHoM MOTHBallH
JOM H 'lUH06HUK. J1.yX06HUK, 6YHiil08I1UK, ZPOM08HUK MOry ce H3BO,llHTH 6H no O,ll HMeHHl(a 6HJIO O,ll npH,lleBa oYX06aH, 6YHiilo8aH, zpOM08aH. BPX06HUK (3aCTapeJlH KpoaTH3aM, nOHOBO aKTYeJIH30BaH Y BpeMe <1>. TyljMaHa) MOTH BHcanH 6HCMO Hajope opH,lleBOM, noWTO 03Ha'iaBa epx06HOZ nornaBapa, 6p X08HOZ BOljy H CJIH'IHO. B(j)ep06HUK, jow je,llaH KpoaTH3aM, Morao 6H 6HTH O,ll e(j)epa HJIH O,ll 6(j)epoeaiilu. CiilaHoeHuK je CBaKaKO O,ll ciilaH06aiilu, ,lla Klle ca CycpHKCOM -HUK. OCTane H3Be,lleHHl(e Haj'lewne 03Ha'iaBajy cnHCKOBe, ,llOKYMeHTe HJlH Ka.Hre C I1PaKTH'IHOM HaMeHOM, Kao jeJl06HUK, tl(j)eH06HUK, iilpOUlK08HUK, POK08HUK, iiOCl108IlUK, caH08HUK, e(j)eJIC606HUK 'npHpY'lHHK C Be)K6aMa', 3aCTapeno P0008HUK 'pO.LlHH JJHCT' HJIH 'P0,llOCJlOB'. llpe,llMeTe 03Ha'iaBajy 'laC06HUK, Ijy6P08HUK, Kao H HeoJIOrH3aM COK08HUK 'cnpaBa 3a l(el)ea.e Bolia HJIH oOBplia'. JOll je,llaH HeoJlOrH3aM, 'IeCT y IIITaMI1H nOCJle,lla.HX ro,llHHa, . _ . t · , .,. , JeCTe UOJM06HUK ca 3Ha'lea.eM CKyl1 nOJMOBa HJlH H,lleJHH pel1ePToap . Kpciil06l1UK je 6HJbKa. 3UM06HUK 'MeCTO y KojeM ce 3HMyje, 3HMCKO CKllO HHWTe' Morao 6H 6HTH no,rtie,llHaKO 0,ll3UMa HJlH 0,llJUMo6aiilu + -HUK. Cy CPHKC ce cpehe H y nOHeKOM TonOHHMY Kao JaooeHUK HJlH J1.y6P08HUK (0 eTHMOJIOrHjH OBor ,llpyror nOCToje pa3JlH'lHTe opemoCTaBKe).
1.93.12.1. BUH06HUK 6H 6HO je,llHHa H3Be,lleHHl(a O,ll npH,lleBCKe OCHO Be, YKOJIHKO pa'l)'HaMO npH.ll.eB 8UH y npaBHOM pe'lHHKY, anH je Ta'lHHje pe ,lla ce pa,ll,H 0 HeMOTHBHcaHOM PYCH3MY·
rm
1.93.13. -OHHK ,llOJla3H Ha maroJlcKY OCHOBY y KoiiaOHUK 'jaMa, POB y PY,llHHKY, Kon' Ge JIH O,llaTJIe H OpOHHM KoiiaolluK!) H y Ha3HBHMa ypel)a ja Kao YMu8aoHuK, XIIaouoHuK, c6(j)eiiluoHuK (O,ll c6[uj]eiiluiilu = ceeiillle iilu, yo. c80]eiilUlbKa), CYllIUOHUK 'Cl1paBa 3a cywea.e'. DHJJO 110 aHanomjH CHtHMa, HJlH KaO HjeKaBcKH 06JlHK npmmalieH H y Cp6HjH, HaCTano je H zo PUOHUK, ,llOCTa 'IeCT TeXHH'IKH H3pa3, 3a'lY,ll0 perHc'I'poBaH caMO y HHKOJIH neBoM pe'lHHKy.
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKy
CYQ!HKcaUHja
M3BeneHHue On HMeHHlIKHX OCHOB3, yzaoHuK, iipaeoyzaoHuK, pam/uK, oeOHUK (OUO-), cyoeoHuK (CYOUO-), He cna.D:ajy OBaMO Hero no.D: CycjlHKC -HUK. To Ba)f(H H 3a KUCe01/UK, O.D: npH.D:eBa, .D:OK 6H (1000HUK cjlOPMaJIHO HMa JIO CY
areHTHBHOCT, TaKO ~a ce ocena Kao H3Be.D:eHa H3 marOJJa (Hnp. cyoHUlia He BHille '~BopaHa y KOjOj je CY.D:' Hero '~BopaHa y KOjoj ce CY.D:H'). TIOlllTO CMO Beli KO.D: cycjlHKca -HUK BH.D:eJJH KOJJHKO je KaTKa.D: TemKO O~eJIHTH ~eHO MHHaJIe O~ .D:eBep6aJIa, OB~e HelieMO noce6HO HacTOjaTH Ha TOMe, Hero ce nO.D:palYMeBa ~a MHore pe'iH MOry cnMaTH 6HJIO y je~HY 6HJJO y ~pyry Ka TeropHjy.
162
1.93.14. CycjlHKC -ipHHK rpa.D:H ca HMeHH'lKOM OCHOBOM HeKa HMeHa npoCTopHja: zOAy6apHuK, KOKolUapHuK, uiliU'Iap1/UK, xu6uHapHuK, il'lMap HUK, lI60)eliapHuK; CJIH'lHO H c60)eiliAapHuK, illTO je BepoBaTHo npeBe.D:e HHl.{a paHHjer repMaHH3Ma Auxiiixor/J.
1.94. CycjlHKc -HHl.{a HaCTao je cnajafLeM -H (yrJIaBHOM H3 npMeBa Ha -(a)HI-Hu) ca CycjlHKCOM -ulla. 06paljyjeMo ra OB.D:e npBeHcTBeHo H3 npaKTH'iHHX pa3JIora, nOillTO cy H -Ulia H -Hulia H3Y3eTHO np0.D:YKTHBHH cy cjlHKCH, na 6H fLHXOBO 3aje.D:HH'iKO pa3MaTpafLe 6HJIO Henpeme.D:Ho. TIpo 6JIeM je y CyillTHHH HCTH Kao H 3a -HUK HacnpaM -UK (B. rope, 1.93). 3aHH M.lLHBO je .D:a CTeBaHoBHIi, KOjH HHa'ie no npaBHJIy 3aHeMapyje CJIO)f(eHe cy cjlHKce, y CBOM O.D:e.lLKY 0 CycjlHKCy -Ulia nOMHfLe H -Hulia (1964 1:554), aJIH nOTOM He HaBO.D:H HHje.D:aH npHMep HCK.lLY'IHBO CTHM Cy
1.94.1. 3Ha'lefLa H3Be.D:eHHl.{a C OBHM CycjlHKCOM MOry 6HTH BPJIO pa 3HoBpcHa, TaKO .D:a HH .D:auac He 6HCMO MOrJJH .D:a .D:aMO HeillTO MHoro npe l.{H3HHje O.D: MapeTHlieBe cjlopMYJIal.{Hje (1963:351): " ... cToje y KaKBojrO.D: CBe3H C OCHOBHOM pHje'lH; 3Ha'ie HJIH 'leJLa.D: HJIH )f(HBOTHlhe HJIH cTBapH, a pa,ll;fLe HJIH CTaH.e HHKa,lI;". CJIH'iHO no 3a -uKI-HuK, rrocJIe OCHOBa Ha -H no CTaB.lLa ce .D:HJIeMa .D:a JIH lie CycjlHKC 6UTH -llulia HJIH -ulla. ETHMOJIOillKH je MapeTHIi CBaKaKO y npaBy Ka,lI; Ka)f(e .D:a je oaHulia "MjecTo: .D:aHHHl.{a", cilijeHulia "MjeCTo: CTjeHHHl.{a, jep ce .D:P)f(H y cTHjeHH". HnaK, 6Y.D:ynH .D:a CY
HaHn.
\,
163
1.94.2. Ca UMeHH'lKHM OCHOBaMa noce6Ho ce u3~Bajajy 3Ha'lefLa TP roBHHe HJIH 3aHaTCKe p~e. TIPH TOM OCHOBY 'lHHU HMe p06e (KlbUXHU lIa, MeCHUlIa, ilauupHulIa) UJIH 'leIlllie HMe TPrOBl.{a O~HOCHO 3aHaTnHje (Ka caulIulIa, 6ep6epHulIa, 6aKaAHUlIa, jy6et1UPHUlIa, K06a'l.HUlIa, iloiliI€U6a'l.HU lIa, Kpoja'l.HUlIa, M{jjelba'l.Hulia HT~.). ,npyre BpcTe npoCTopHja, 3rpMa, CKJIMHillTa 03Ha'laBajy Mpili6a'lHUlIa, KociliypHulIa, Zp06HulIa, ilipxHulia• 360PHulia. oCMailipa'l.HulIa, tuauilia'l.HulIa, aAailiHUlIa, p06ujalUHulIa, xUili HUlIa, uU6Hulia H cn. HeperynapHH no caCTaBY cy KOlbYlUHUlia H 6elUepHu lIa, C npo~y)f(efLeM OCHOBe Koje nOTU'ie y npBOM CJIyqajy O~ 3aCTapenor KO Ibyx 'KOH.Yillap', y .D:PyroM O~ 6e1UepKa 'npaJLa'. floKaTHBHO 3Ha'lefLe y H3 BeCHOM CMHCJIY uMajy U lUeliepHUlIa, 6u6epHUt/a, 306HUt/a, AUCHUlIa, ja ciliY'lHUlIa, ileliHUlIa, Kao H reoM~HjcKH TepMHH KPYXHUlia 'KpY*Ha JIH HHja, circumferentia'. Pa3JIH'IHTe ~pyre Bele C MOTHBHOM pe'ljy HaJIa3HMO y ilipa'lHUlia (no CKOKY lliyneKoBa KOBaHHl.{a O~ ilipaK), Xetle3HUlialxe Jbe3HUlia (cn060~aH npeBO.D: O~ Eisenbahn, chemin de fer HnH Xetle3HaR oopoza), UOHOPHUlIa, 6pailiHUlie (MH.), ilp(uj)ecilioHUlia (yKOJIHKO Huje o~ npH~eBa up[ujjeciliOHU), CMO)epHUlIa, cailiHUlIa, 3UMHUlIa, KUIUHUlI a , iloiliO)epHUlIa, HOCHUlIa, CAY3HUlia (CJIy30KO)f(a), MAa3HUlia UT.D:. 1.94.3. -HulIa, HapaBHO, MO)f(e 6UTH H MOl.{HOHH CycjlHKC npeMa My illKOM -HUK, Y BeJIUKOM 6pojy pe'iH Kao illTO cy paoHulIa, pailiHulIa, 6AaCHU lIa,Jby6a6HulIa, upeocO)eoHulIa, 6e306pa3HUlIa, U3oajHulIa,YMO)eiliHulia H MHore ~pyre.
1.94.4. On I1pMeBa je MO)[(,ll,a CaMO AyoHulIa, )13 ilOOMOPHulia (o~ ilOOMOPCI€U, aJIH 6H Momo 6UTH H npecjlHKCaJIHO-cycjlHKCaJIHa TBOpeHHl.{a) H KpOaTH3aM y60xHulia 'CHpOTHH>CKH nOM'. 1.94.5.11 flecKHH (HaB. M.) U KHpmoBa (HaB. M.) TBpne ~a cy "o6pa 30BaH:.a ~HpeKTHO on maroncKe OCHOBe peTKa"; lia6HIi 1991:176 TBp~H "o~ rJIaroJJaje H3Be~eHO ~eCeTaK HMeHHl.{a". TaKBe TBp.AH>e MOry ce 06jacHHTH caMO cna6HM YBH~OM y rpa1jy85,jep npHMepu nOKalyjy ~aje CmaroJICKHM OCHOBaMa CycjlHKC -Hulia jOill nJIOnHHjH Hero ca HMeHH'lKHM. TIOCTOjU, 85 Ko,!l .6a6Hlla je pa3Jlor H Y TOMe WTO OU HaCTojH .Ita cae OBBKBe 06JJHKe H3Be.ll,C H3 npH,l\eaa Ha -11(11) H CYQ!HKca -III/a. Ha cTp. 168-169, pe~HMo, tyMa'iH 1136UOllul/a Kao "H3 aH,!\HajC.AIIHH~a",pa3Z11eolllll/a Kao "p33rne,AHa Kapra" (npH,!IeBpa3ZlleOll11 He nOCTojM HM Y PMC HH KO,!l AHHha), a cUojllul/a I(ao "cnojua CTBap"l
\
165
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpCMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CyqlHKCatUlja
HCTHHa (y pe'lHMa KaO Y.!Ul3HUt{a, OOiiUCllUt{a, 2060pHUt{a, iipucmyiillUl.{a H Ben nOMeHYTO KOJle6albe H3Meljy rnaroJla H HMeHHI,{e Kao MOTHBHe pe '1H. AJlH TaKBH npHMepH cy y MalbHHH, a '1aK H y IbHMa, HMeHHue cy ,neBep 6anH, ,naKJIe nOpeKJlO je y Kpajlboj JlHHHjH HnaK rnarOJlCKO.
llul.{a (y KOjOj He pa,nH pu6ap Hero npo,naBaupu6e) H l.{apullapHul.{a (CTHMO JlOIllKH o,n l.{apUllap, anH je Ta pe'l ,naHac 3aMelbeHa ca l.{apUlluK). lllTo ce TH'Ie H3Be,neHHua r,ne nOCTojH Ha3HB npo,naBua Ha -ap, Tp-e6aI1o 6H Pa3J1H KOBam TPH CJlY'laja: \
164
Kao IllTO 06H'IHO 6HBa C OBaKBHM OCHOBaMa, 3Ha'leaa cy BeOMa pa 3HOBpCHa. Je,nHY 6pOjHHjy rpyny '1HHe pe'lH ca 3Ha'lelbeM flcnpaBe, q,OPMY Jlapa HJlH 3BaHH'IHOr cnHca: YUUCHUt{a, UCUUCHUl.{a, UCIW3HUt{a, OOCmaBHU t{a, OmiipeMHUl.{a, UpUCmyUHUl.{a, iiocO)emHUt{a, yii./lamllut{a, yiiymllul.{a, 066e3I1Ut{a, iipoiiyCHUI{~ U03U6I1Ut{a,YAa3HUt{a,3ax6aAHUl{a, oumy~HUt{aH CJI. 3a nojaM xapmje O,nHOCHO nHcaaa Be3aHH cy H OoiiucllUt{a, pa32AeOllU t{a, 6e.tle~HUt{a (6U.1be-), lIaAeilHUt{a (lIaJbe-). Ca 3Ha'le}:beM npocTopHje, 3rpa,ne HJIH pa.n:HOHHUe cy AU6HUt{a, lWBlIUt{a, iipooa611Ut{a, upuja6UUl.{a, cyollut{a, 6(uj)elillut{a, UYWHUl.{a, cywHUt{a, 60AHUt{a (eTtIMOJlOIllKH O,n npH ,neBa 60AaH + -ut{a, anH no ,naHaIllaeM 3HaQeay pe'lfl He MOTHBHIlle ce THM npH,neBOM HHTH HMeHHUOM 60A, Hero marOJlOM 60A06amU), COpmUpHUl.{a (B. KHpIllOBa 1970 1 44, Ea6Hn 1991: 168), AaKupHUt{a, eMajAupllUl.{a (B. fio nOBHn 1997:333) H CJl. 3a nojaM MeCTa pa,nae Be3aHH cy jOIll H 2060pllUt{a H u(j)e611ut{a, a 3a KpeTaae cKpemHut{a, oKpemHut{a, upeKpemllUl.{a (q,Hry PaTHBHO), oocmyulIul.{a, 06W1a3Hut{a, 3ao6W1a3J1Ul{a. C pa3HHM ,npymM 3Ha'leaHMa nOMeHHMO jOIll CKUmHut{a Ge,nHHa pe'l Koja ce O,nHOCH Ha J})y,n CKO 6Hne), KO'lHUt{a, cuojHUI;a, caoHut{a, c(j)eoHUl.{a, 3a6pwHuI{a HT,n. CJla 60 MOTHBHcaHO y ,naHaIllaeM je3HKY jecTe HaMUPJlUt{a (o,n HaMUpUmU), ,nOK ce AO~HUl.{a (o,n A02-, npeBoj KopeHa Ae2-) H uapHut{a (o,n KopeHa marOJla upemu [ceD ,naHac Mory cMaTPam HeMomBHcaHHM pe'lHMa.
1.94.6. -Hut{a cpeneMo y HeKOJlHKO '1eCTHX npeq,HKcanHo-cyq,HKcan HHX TBopeHHua: YKOCHUt{a, 3aywHUt{a, HaoCmpeWHul{a (pelje JlaCmpetUllu I{a), OKYIiHut{a (BepoBaTHo xannOJlOrHjoM o,n oKoKyIiHut{a, B. CKoKa no,n Kylia), 6ect{6(j)eiUHut{a (6OTaHH'IKH TepMHH). CJlO)KeHe pe'lH C OBHM Cyq,HKCOM 06H'IHO 03Ha'laBajy pa.n:HOHHl(e, Kao KlbU206e3HUt{a, CmaKAOpe3Hut{a (H 6aKpo-, ue'laiUo-, KaMeHOpe3HUl{a); c rOTOBHM AU6HUI.{a CJlO)KeHH cy CA060AU6HUt{a H iUOUOAu6HUl{a. Yn. H CAe UOO'lHUt{a (Clbe-).
CJlO)KeHH Cyq,HKCH:
1.94.7. -ApHHl(a je ,nOCTa npo,nyKTHBaH Cyq,HKC ca 3Ha'leaeM npo cTopHje 3a o,npel)eHY ,neJlaTHOCT HJlH npo,naBHHue: KoiUAapHut{a, CKpUU iUapHut{a, 6W1emapHut{a (o,n 3aCTapeJlOr 6UAem{aj), 36(j)e30apHut{a, ,naHac PCTKO MapKapHul{a 'IllTaMnapHja 3a H3pa,ny MapaKa' HT,n. 0 npo,nyKTHBHO CTH cyq,HKca CBe,nO'le HeOJlOrH3MH Kao CeHOBU'lapllut{a HJlH KOKU'lapllUl.{a (y HHKOJlHneBOM 06paTHoM pe'lHHKY, H3 36HpKe OTaIlleBHna). C ,nPYK '1HjHM 3HaQeaeM je uywKapHut{a. Cyq,HKC -apHut{a CBaKaKO HMajy H pu6ap
n.
- Y UUlbapHUl.{a
HJlH allmUK6apuUt{a Cyq,HKC je HecYMlhHBO -uul.{a;
- Y aOCAaCmU'lap1lUI.{a, aUcapllul.{a, CiUapUllapmll.{a H CJl. Morao 6H 6HTH -lIul.{a HJlH -apllut{a, nOIllTO ce pe'l MO)Ke H3BeCTH 6HJlO o,n uOCAaCmU 'lap HT,n. HJlH o,n iiOCAaciUul.{a HT,n.;
Y pe'lHMa Kao Klbu~pllul.{a, 26o~ljapIlUl{a, 1.{6(j)ehapHUl.{a, M./le KapHut{a (M./be-), 3a Koje CMO Ben peKJIH ,na cy ,naHac 06H'IHHje ca cyq,HKCOM -apa, aHaIlomja '1HHH JlOrH'IHHjoM HHTepnpeTaL\Hjy KlbUX-apllUl.{a (Kao Klbu~-apa),
Ma.n:a ce HH aHaIlH3a Klbu~ap-IIUl.{a H CJl. He MO)Ke 0,n6aL\HTH.
1.94.8. 3a -OHHl\a ,naHac HeMa cyMae ,na je noce6aH cyq,HKC, a He BH Ille Cyq,HKC -HUl.{a ,no,naT Ha OCHOBY pa.n:Hor npH,neBa, KaKaB je no nopeKJIy. KHpIlloBa 1970 1:49-52 jacHo rOBopH 0 nepHHTerpaL\HjH, aIlH TPempa 3a-. je,nHo CBe pe'lH Ha ,,3aBpIlleTaK -aoHul.{al-uOIlUl{a". fipeL\H3HHja aHaIlH3a Mopana 6HPa3JlHKOBaTH ceK}'H.D:apHO nepHHTerpHcaHe cyq,HKce -aOHUl.{a (Hnp. y upeouKaoHut{a, B.CJle,nenH o,neJ})aK) H -uollUl.{a (Hnp. y uepUOIlUl.{a, 1.94.10) o,n cyq,HKca -OIlUl.{a, Hcnpe,n Kora -a O,nHOCHO -u npHna,na OCHOBH rnarOJla. Cyq,HKCY -lIul.{a nplma.n:a caMO MaciUuoHut{a « MaciUWI-HUl.{a), o,n HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe. HajBenH ,neo pe'lH Ha -Ollul.{a 03HaQaBa npocropHjy HJlH 3rpa.n:y r,ne ce 06aBJ})a pa.n:H>a rJlarOJlCKe OCHOBe: 'leKaOIlUl.{a, cua6aOllul.{a, YMu6aollul.{a, CAywaOHul{a, 'lUmaOIlUl.{a, 6(j)ex6aOIlUl.{a, 6aJbaOllUl.{a, paOUOHUl.{a, AO XUOllul.{a, mOUUollul{a, cywuollul.{a, tlpxuOIIUl.{a,
1.94.9. -AOHHl\a je npeHero H3 H3Be,neHHL\a C OCHOBOM maroJla Ha -aiUu, mna cua6aOHUI{a (B. npCTxo,nHH o,neJ})aK) y HeKOJlHKO pe'lH C HMe
HH'IKOM OCHOBOM. Hajn03Hamje cy upeOUKaOHUija (o,n JlaTHHH3Ma iipeou KalapuOUKa 'nponOBe,n', 6e3 cyMae no aHaIlomjH ca UpOU06eOaOIlUl.{a) H lUby'laOHUt{a (BepOBaTHO Kao BapHjaHTll o,n IUbY'laHUl{a, aIlH Taj 06JlHK ce ,naHac ynoTpe6J})aBa yrnaBHoM y XpBaTcKoj). PMC 6eJle)KH H 3aCTapeJlO ii(j)ecKaOIlUl.{a 'HanpaBa C neCKOM 3a nOCHnaae CJlOBa HaMeCTO ynHjaqa' H Hey06HQajeHo KaWUKaOllUl.{a 'HanpaBa r,ne ce ,np)Ke KaIllHKe', npey3eTO H3 pe'lHHKa PHcTHna-KaHrpre, 6e3 L\HTaTa.
1.94.10. Cyq,HKC -HOHHl\a npeHeT je nepHHTerpaL\HjoM (B. KHpIlloBa 1970 1:50-51) H:! H3Be,neHHua o,n rnarOJla Ha -uiilu, THnapaououulla,y1IUo
166
TBop6a pe'll! y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I!KY
CytjlHKcaL!'l.ia
167
HUlla. HaIla3HMO fa Gap y rpH .lloGpo n03HaTe peQH ca OCHOBOM o.n marona
1.96. -Iba .nona3H Ha Dpe3eHTCKY OCHOBY rnarona. li3Y3eTHO, o.n npH.l\e .npyrHX spcTa npOMeHe: TO cy uepuoHU'/,a (o6H'IHHje Hero perynapHO upao Ba je Kpu6fba (.naHac npere)KHO KpoaTH3aM). O.n HMeHH'iKe OCHOBe Morne 6H HUZla 86 ), upeOUOHuZla, wiUeouoHuZla.
6HTH peOfba H ZIla61b(J87. ce TH'le tP0HeTCKHX IIpOMeHa, 3a OCHOBe ca 3a \ BPlIIeTKOM Ha BeJIap HJIH Ha ZI HeMa DpHMepa. 3aBpniHO -C npena3H y W (HO 1.94.11. CyqlHKC -OBHHna (3a -e6HUZla HeMa cHrypHHX npHMepa) MO 'Wfba, upOWfba, iUpewfba) a 3aBplIIHO -3 Y x (iiaXfba, 60Xfba, MPXfba). )Ke 03HaQaBanf Hcnpasy HnH KI:LHry, Kao y CMpiUo6HuZla, OOMo6HuZla (Kpoa
ruTO
1.96.1. fOTOBO CBe H3Be.neHHu:e 3Ha'ie maroncKY pa.nl:Ly (rrOqeB o.n caMe Te perm): capaOlba, WiUeOlba, UP0U3600lba, UoiUpOWlba, weiUlba,
TH3aM se3aH 3a nOnHTH'iKe npHnHKe y XpBaTcKoj nocne 1990), oap06HuZla (aKo je He H3BO.nHMO H3 marona oap06aiUu), zpYHiU06HUZla ('3eMlbHIIIHa KffiHra', TaKolje 'ype.n y KOMe ce Bo.ne 3eMlbHlIIHe KI:LHre': xpBaTCKH repMa HH3aM, ,l{enHMH'iHO n03HaT H y Cp6HjH), C/lUK06HUl1a H cn. IlOC/1.o6HUl1a 6H Morno 6HTH H O,l{ marona uOC/lo6aiUu. illax06HUl1a (lIIaXOBCKa Ta6na) no CTano je n03HaTo y HosHjeM Me.nHjCKOM je3HKY Kao nonynapHH Ha3HS 3a xpBaTCKY 3aCTaBY. EOp06HUZla je jacHo MOTHBHcaH tPHTOHHM (Ma.na 6HlbKa y CTBapHOCTH HeMa Be3e C 60pOM). 3aCTapene cy pe'iH Kao paX06HUl1a (= paxeHuZla, pa)KeHH xne6), KJ'KJ'PY306HUl1a KJ'KJ'PY3Hul1a, xne6 o.n KyKy pY3Hor 6paIIIHa), u(j)eCK06HUl1a (= ueCKaOHUZla) H .np.
cKUiUfba, 60Xlba, iUpaXfba, iioiUpaXfba, zpaOlba, U3zpaOlba, oozpaOlba, HaoozpaOfba, caOfba, ou.nOOfba, XuiUfba, hyiUfba, iUeXfba, upowlba HT.n.
MHore y3 TO 03Ha'iaBajy eMOnHOHanHa CTafha HnH Ha'iHH nOHalIIal:La, KaO 3e6fba, cilipeufba, iiaXlba, iiOMeiUfba, iiaiUfba, MpXfba, JbyUlfba, cpOfba, XYOfba, C/lyiUfba, zpOlba, iip(uj)eiUfba, ciipolba H cn. Kao H KO.n.npyrHX no
mina actionis, H3 rnaronCKor ce MO)Ke pa3BHTH rrpe.llMeTHO 3Haqel:Le, Hnp.
1.94.12. -AIIIHHna. Ca 3Ha'iel:LeM npocTOpHje y .nBe-TPH pel)e pe'iH: KapiUaWHUl1a, paKUja7.uHUl1a (KHplIIoBa 1970 1: 47, HaBo.nH I:f KOMeoujawHu Zla, MyopujawHUl1a, anH Te pe'iH HHCY nOTBpljeHe y PMC). MeljawHUl1a je y
PMC npeHeTO 1:f3 EeHelIIl:flieBOr pe'iHHKa, 6e3 U:HTaTa, Kao aHaTOMCKH Tep MHH ("rpaHH'iHa onHa, membrana limitans"). HHKonHneB o6paTHH pe'iHHK 6ene)KH H TonOHHM Je.tlaWHUl1a H OpOHI:fM Eje.tlaWHUl1a.
i
1.94.13. -A'IUHna je O'iHme.nHO CaCTaBlbeHO o.n -a'l H -HuZla, anH ce MO)Ke nOCMaTpam H Kao 3ace6aH CytPHKC ca 3Ha'iel:LeM npoCTopHje 3a o6a BlbaI:Le HeKe ,l{enaTHOCTH. KaKO Ka)Ke KHplIIoBa 1970 1:47, "y tPYHKUHOHan HOM CMHCny OB,l{e je H3se.neHHua Ha -a'lHUl1a Ha'ienHO y O):{HOCY npeMa rna rony, npeMa TOMe OBO cy tPopManHH .neHOMHHaTHBI:f, a tPYHKU:HOHanHH .ne Bep6amBH". (Ea6Hn, .np)KenH ce tPopManHHX Kpl:fTepHja Kao H 061:f'iHO, yon nrre He 6ene)KH oBaj CytPI:fKC.) IT03Hamjl:f npHMepl:f cy Kpoja'lHUZla, K06a'lHU
paofba '.nyliaH', iipaiUfba 'npaTHoUH' HJIH 'norpe6Ha nOBopKa', zpaolba 'OHO IIITO ce rpa.nH', zpolba 'pe'iH H3peQeHe y rp.llI:LH' (B. CTeBaHOBHn 1964 1:528), ili6pofba 'H3jaBa' H cn. ITpaKTH'iHO caMO c npe.llMeTHHM 3Ha'ie l:LeM OCTanH cy cMeililba 'OHO lIITO CMeTa, npenpeKa' H HOWfba. Cuulba ,aCTMa' .lIaHaC je Ha rpaHHUH MOTHBHCaHOCTH, rrOlIITO ce marOJI cuuaiUu -iilbeM 'TeIIIKO ,l{HcaTH' Ge.naH UHTaT y PMC) Bpno Mano ynoTpe6lbasa (3a pa3JIHKy O.ll npH):{eBa cuiilbU6).
HeKonHKo CnO)KeHHu:a cTBopeHO je C rnaroJIHMa paouiUu O.nHOCHO zpaouiUu (npe Hero C HMeHHU:aMa paolba H zpaOfba, s. y .neny 0 CJIO)KeHH uaMa, 2.3.9.7): 3eMJbOpaOfba, 6POoozpaofba, MawuHozpaofba, HUcKozpao fba, eucoKozpaofba, y3 HucKozpaofbY Koja MMa CaMO rrpe.nMeTHO 3Ha'iel:Le.
1.97. CytPHKC -lLe (Kao H CytPHKC -he) CTapHjH rpaMaTI:f'iapH cy npH Ka3HBanH Kao -je .nO.llaTO Ha OCHOBY rpnHor npH.l\eaa. TaKBa aHanH3a O'iH rne.llHO He 3a,l{OBOlbaBa, npBO jep I:fMeHHu:e iIa -fbe (y3 HeKe Man06pojHe H3 y3eTKe,O KojHMa B. HH)Ke no.ll 1.97.7) HeMajy naCHSHO 3Ha'iel:Le, .lIpyro jep Zla, uOiUKU6a'l HU l1 a , M(j)efba'lHUZla, 6puja'lHUl1a, oCMaiUpa'lHUl1a, waii ce OHe pe.nOSHO rpa,l{e H 0.lJ: Henpena3HHX HJIH 'iHCTO nOBpaTHHX marona, KOjH rpnHor npH):{esa HeMajy. Ory.lla 'iaK H CTeBaHOBMli (1964 1:491-492), iUa'l HU l1a . He cna,l{a oBaMOMpiU6a'lHUZla (O.nMPiU6al1, CnanaTanI:f3aUHjoM). HHalle YBeK CKJIOH .lIHjaxPOHl:fjCKHM TYMa'ieI:LHMa, 3aKlbY'Iyje .na cy H3Be.lle HHue ODor THrra "nOCTane .lIO.llaBaI:LeM Tora HaCTaBKa (Tj. HaCTaSKa -fbe, 1.95. PeTKH CytPHKC -HO jaBlba ce npaKTH'iHO caMO y K.IIailiHO, eBeHTY O.llH. -he) Ha OCHOBY marona ... A.na rnaronCKH rpnHH npH.neB HHje Mopao anHO H y 6P6HO (anH OCHOBHa pe'i 6p6, -U ,l{aHac je H3aIlIna H3 ynorpe6e). Y 6HTH nOCpe):{HHK 3a rpaljel:Le OBHX HMeHHua rOBopH H I:LHXOB aKu:eHaT ... A pe'iH CYKHO BHlIIe ce He ocena se3a C rnaronOM cyKaiUu; u.nailiHO je HeMOTH H nOna3enH o.n 3Ha'iel:La ... .lIOna3H ce .lIO 3aKlbY'IKa .na cy maronCKe MMe BHcaHO y cpnCKOM. HHue Ha -je CpO.lJ:HHje ca HHtPHHHTHBOM Hero ca rpnHHM npH.l\eBOM." Yn. 86 3aHHMJbl!BO je .l(aje H J1ecKHH 1914:246, KOjH He 6enelKil upaoHuqa, HaBeo uepuo Huqa Me~y H3Be.o;eHHU,aMa 0.11; pa.o;Hor npH.D;eBa, O'lHrneAHO CMeTHYBillii CYMa .lla Y OBOM CIIY 'lajy He nOCTojil 06nHK uepuo.
Iba
87 CBY.n;pyry pC'! CKOK no.ll -lbO H3BO.l1;II H3 lIla6a, 31\11 noJJ, CaMOM o.n;peAHKI.\OM lIla6 TO je nOMeHyro eaMO Kao jeAHa 0.1( MoryhHOCTH. no 3Ha'leIbY, lIla6lba HeMa jacHe Be3e C
lIla60M.
168
\,
Tsop6a pe'!H y caapeMeHOM CPllcKOMje3HlCY
Cy4>HKCaLtHja
Tep3Hn A. 1969:51: "HH
:lKeMO penH HM .lI.aje OBa HMeHHIJ.a y 06nHKY o60llefbe - HeHcnpaBHa", Y lfe My ce BepOBaTHO OCJIalbaO Ha EeJIHha: B. HHKoJIHn E. 1957:260. TaKBo MH IIIJhelbe HopMaTHBHcTH HHCY npHxBaTHnH, aJIH je TalfHO .n.a ce o60lle/be He MO:lKe nOTnYHO H3je.n.HalfHTH C rpelIIKaMa THna ooe.ne/be, oiipeoe.nefbf.:\ Ha cnpaM KOjHX CTOjH 'IpnHH npH.lI.eB Ha -/beH. '
OBa nOCne.ll.lba Tep3HneBa orpa.rt.a je 3Ha'lajHHja Hero IIITO 6H no a.e HOM MeCTY Y TeKCTY Momo H3rne.ll.aTH. 3aHCTa, aKO nOKYlIIaMO .lI.a HMeHHIJ.e Ha -fbe CI1HXPOHHjCKH aHaJIH3HpaMO 6e3 HKaKBor n03HBalba Ha 'IpnHH npH .lI.eB, HaHJIa3HMO Ha BeJIHKe TelIIKone. HcnOCTaBJha ce .lI.a MopaMO pa3JIHKO BaTH .lI.Ba Cy
169
BH.n.HMO H3 OBHX npHMepa .n.a cy HMeHHIJ.e Ha -fbe je.n.aH 0.11. 60JhHX npHMepa 3a HeMoryhHoCT pa3.n.Bajalba .lI.HjaxpoHHje O.ll. CHHxpoHHje. He MO :lKeMO 3aHeMapHTH o'ufrne.ll.HY Be3Y H3Me~y HMeHHIJ.a Ha -fbe H npH.D.eBa TpnHor, MaKap H 3aTO IUTO 6H TO .lI.OBenO .lI.O BeoMa CJIO:lKeHHX
1.97.1. lly.ll.Ho je ,n:a HHje.ll.aH rpaMaTH'Iap, na HH Ea6Hn y CBOjOj "Toop 6H pHje'lH", HHje YOlfHO 6HTHY OC06HHY no KOjOj ce -fbe pa3JIHKyje 0.11. CBHX OCTanHX HMeHH'IKHX Cy
170
CyqlHKCaIt~a
Tsop5a pe'lH y C3SpeMCHOM CpnCKOM jeJHK}'
$eKTHBHHX rJIarOJIa, ,lI.oKje O,ll. nep$eKTHBHHX peTKO (selten). EemIl'l, Ha no 'IeTKY CBOr pa,ll.a 19332, KalKe .n.a lie rOBopHTH 0 HMeHHu,aMa O,ll. CBprneHHX rnarona, ,jep je ,lI.06po n03HaTO ,lI.a ce o.n. HeCBprneHHX rnarOJIa TaKse HMe HHu,e Mory YBeK rpa.n.HTH". Kao,ll.a HHje.n.HoM o.n. a.HX HHje nano y OqH ,lI.aje cnojHBocT ca C B H M OCHOBaMa .n.aTe BpcTe peI.JH CBOjCTBO IPJIeKTHBHHX Ha cTaBaKa, a He TBop6eHHX cyIPHKca.
(H3Y3eTaK cy iUpaxelbe, zpaf;elbe H Howelbe, Hero iUpaxlba, zpaiJiba H Howlba.)
C,lI.PYKtnYHM 3Ha'lea.eM
1.97.3. CBe ose H3Y3eTKe HasenH CMO 3aTo.n.a 6H ce Ta'IHHje yCTaHO BHJIe MoryliHocTH rpaljea.a HMeHHl.(a O.L\ HecBpIIleHHx rnarona H .L\a 6H 6Hna jacHa "rpaMaTH'IKa" npHpO.L\a rnarOJICKe HMeHHII,e, HacynpOT .L\eBep6an HHM. llPH TOM OHH oCTajy H3y3eu,H, y TOM cMHcny mTO npe.L\CTaBJbajy CaMO ManH npOu,eHaT o.n. yKynHor 6poja rnarOJIa. 0 TOMe roBOPH H CTaTHCTH'IKH Y30paK nOMeHYT y pa.n.y KJIajH 1998':153 (IPYCHOTa): O.L\ 166 HecBpweHHX H .n.BOBH,lI.CKHX rnarona, KOJIHKO je AH.n.PHli ynOTPe6Ho Y npBoj rnaBH "Ha ):(PHHH liynpHje", CBera ocaM He MOry HMaTH HMeHHUY Ha -Ibe. CnH'IaH O,ll. HOC CHrypHO 6H ce Hamao H y Ma KOM .n.pyrOM TeKCTy. HecnopHO je, .n.aMe, ,lI.a orpoMHa BeliHHa HecspmeHHx rnarona HMa rnaroncKY HMeHHI:(}'. OHa je nOIpe6Ha H H3 'IHCTO CHHTaKTH'IKHX pa31Iora, jep oMoryliaBa ':IHTaB HH3 6e3JIH':IHHX KOHCTpYKUHja, THna iioiUuuCU6albeM yzo6opa cupe'lulie ce ... ,
iuu, xeiUu, KlleiUu, Mp(uj)eiUu, cMpo(j)eiUu, ciUuo(j)eiUu ce, ep(uj)eoO)eiUu HT,lI.. (PMC, HCTHHa, Ca.n.pIKH .n.OCTa O.n.pe.n.HHl.(a Kao zof;elbe, iuiUulielbe H CnH'IHHX, anH 3a a.HX He .n.aje nOTBp.n.e H3 Kopnyca, H BepOBaT
iiPWlUKOM oiUeapalba iiaKeiUa ... , 6e:J Sllalba paspeoHoz ciUapewulle ...
H
CnH'IHO, 'IHje 6H IPHHHTHe anTepHaTHse 6HJIe seOMa He3rpanHe ("THMe IIlTO ne ce nOTnHcaTH yroBop" H CJI.).
HO je ,lI.a cy YHOilleHe caCBHM MeXaHH'IKH.)
89 Y3pOK je BepOBaTHO y TOMe WTO OHH JaXTeBajy Kao AonyHy HH«PHHHTHB HJlH oa + npe3eHT, a Ta AonYHa He 6H Moma Aol'lH nOCJIe HMeHHIte. CJlH'lHO je H c rJlaroJlOM Mopaiilu, rAe nOCTojH MopalOe, aJlH BepOBaTHO caMO y H3paay uoo MopalOe 'Ha CHJlY'.
aJIH
fnarOJIH Koje CMO OB.n.e Ha6pojanH npeTeIKHO cy HenpeJIa3HH HJIH no BpaTHH\, To je HaSeJIO Tep3Hna A. 1969:47 .n.a npylI(H onpe3HHjy IPopMyJIa I.(Hjy: "o.n. CSHX iipe.tlasHux rnarOJIa HecBpweHor BH.n.a yseK cy ce MOrJIe, H .L\aHaC ce MOry, H3S0.n.HTH rnaroncKe HMeHHl.(e" (Kyp3HS Haw). MnaK, HH Ta TBp.n.a.a, Ma.L\a CBaK3KO 6nHIKa HCTHHH O.L\ OHe MapeTHlieBe HnH EeJIHneBe, HHje nomYHO Ta'lHa. llpHMepa pa.n.H, HMeHHl.(y Ha -Ibe HeMajy HH KIleiUu, MpsO)eiUu, wiUeiJO)eiUu, wiUuiUuiuu, ceeiUuiUu, zpouiuu H jOill HeKH npe JIa3HH rnaronH.
1.97.2. Y cTBapH, TBp,ll.a.e ,lI.a ce "o.n. CBaKor TPajHor rnarona MO>Ke Ha'IHHHTH" HMeHHl.(a Ha -Ibe He O,ll.rOBapajy nOTnYHO HCTHHH. OHe cy caMO O,ll.pa3 HHTYHTHBHor ocenaa.a,ll.a je y nHTaa.y CYIPHKC C rpaMaTH'IKOM, npe Hero neKCHqKOM IPYHKI.(HjOM. .L(a nH 3aHCTa 06nHu,H Ha -lbe nocToje o.n. CBa Kor HeCBpweHor rnarona - TO nHTaa.e je npBH nOCTaBHO BYKoBHn 1950: 149. llpH3HajynH ,lI.a ce He MOIKe "ca anconYTHOM CHrYPHoIIlliy" penH O,ll. KOjHX rnarona ce HE rpa.n.e HMeHHI:.\:e Ha -lbe H Ha -he, OH je HnaK (CTp. 149-154) HaBeo ,lI.OCTa npHMepa TaKBHX rnaroJIa. llPH TOMje y H360py 6HO Mano npeIIlHpoK, na je ,lI.OBeO y CYMa.y pacnpoCTPaIbeHocT H ynoTPe6JbH BOCT H TaKBHX 06nHKa Kao IIlTO cy jeoelbe, iiujelbe, iUpecelbe, xiU(uj)elbe H cn. llo,ll.p06HHje je OBO nHTaa.e pacnpasJbeHO y HaweM pa.n.y KnajH 1998', Ha cTP. 152-153. Ty je nonHcaHO npeKo ne,ll.eCeT ':IeCTHX HecspIIleHHx rna rona Ha -uiUu H Ha -eiUu 3a Koje He nocTojH, HJIH je y HajMaa.y pyKy Heyo6H'IajeHa, HMeHHua Ha -lbe: Kpuiuu, zoouiuu, wiUuiUuiuu, eaiiuiUu, saeucu
HeKH OnHllJbHBH 06JIH'IKH KpHTepHjYMH, KOjH 6H nOKa3anH 3aWTO no je,ll.HHH rnaronH HeMajy HMeHHl.(y Ha -lbe, HHCY HaljeHH. MOIKe ce CaMO npHMeTHTH ,lI.a je TaKBa HMeHHu,a rOTOBO HCKJhY':leHa 3a HeCBprneHe rnarOJIe Ha -HYiUu (zuHYiUu, 6PUHyiUU, 'le3HyiUU H CJI.). HacynpoT TOMe, o.n. rnarona Ha -aiUu rOTOBO yseK nOCTojH HMeHHu,a (yn. BYKOSHli 1950:150), anH HH Taj 3aSpilleTaK HHje 6e3 orpaHH'IeIba: TeWKO je, Ha npHMep, y cTBapHoM ro BOPY 3aMHcnHTH HMeHHl.(e Ha -Ibe O,ll. us2lleoaiUu, CYMlbaiUu, ycii(uj)eeaiUu (Ma.n.a HX PMC, no aYToMaTH3MY, 6eneIKH), HnH o.n. upujaiUu, caciUojaiUu ce, oOlluKoeaiUu (TaKBHX HeMa ':13K HH Y PMC). HeMajy HMeHHUY HH MO ,lI.anHH rnaronH Moliu, CMeiUu, iUpe6aiUu. 89 llPHMeTHMO jOIll H.n.a ce CYIPHK CH -Iba H -Ibe yrnaBHoM Meljyc06Ho HCKJhY'lyjy: o.n. HMeHHII,a Koje CMO no MeHynH y 1.96 H 1.96.1 roTOBO HHje.n.Ha HeMa HacnpaM ce6e 06JIHK Ha -Ibe.
171
., i;'
JOill 3Ha'IajHHja je ':IHCTO neKCH'IKa ynoTpe6a OBHX HMeHHua, Kao no mina actionis. MaKO npesenHKa Y'IeCTanOCT 3aBpIIleTKa -Ibe MOIKe H3a3saTH ymC3K MOHoToHHje (Ha a.y cy noce6Ho OCeTJbHBH XpBaTH, ycne.n. ':Iera ce Te.JKaK 1976 3anarao .n.a ce YMecTo 6jexalbe, us6of;elbe, o6paso6albe, iup 'lalbe, 6jex6albe, saiiaxalbe H cn. ynoTpe6H 6ujez, us6eo6a, llao6pas6a, iUpKa, 6jex6a, saiiaxaj), HnaK je yKynHa npO,ll.ynHsHoCT CBHX OCTanHX .L\eBep6anHHX CYIPHKCa penaTHBHO Mana. OTy.n.a, 6ap y cpnCKOM, HMeHHue Ha -Ibe HMajy H3Y3eTHO mHpoKY ynoTpe6y. OHe MOry 03Ha':laBaTH TeneCHe IPYHKu,Hje H CHMnTOMe (oucalbe, 6apelbe, oOjelbe, wiliyl.lalbe, KUjalbe, MO Kpelbe, llaOUMalbe HT.L\.), cnopTCKe ./lHCI.(HnJIHHe (iilp'lalbe, 6aijalbe, iiIlu6a Ibe, eeCAalbe, p6albe,jaxalbe, Ma'leealbe, KIlusalbe, K)'2Ilalbe, cKUjalbe HT,lI..), pa'lYHCKe pa.L\H>e (ca6upalbe, OOY3UMalbe, .MHoxelbe, o[uj]e/belbe, ciUeue It06albe, KopO]eH06albe) Hjom CTOTHHe .n.pyrnx YCTan.eHHX nojMoBa: Kpe iUalbe, Mup06albe, ciUajalbe, cO)eoelbe, Ilexalbe, 'luwhelbe, zpejalbe (zpu-), XIlaf;elbe, iiatbelbe, iUpelbe, iUoiiJbelbe, xa.t&elbe, Kajalbe, pouiUalbe,
172
TBop6a pe'!H y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
calbapelbe, ciiiapelbe, 'lUiiialbe, UUCalbe, 6pujalbe, UtUUtalbe, cy~e1-be, ZOlbe Ibe, xauUtelbe, MY'le'be, II (uj)e'lelbe, ciiip(uj) e!balbe, Za~albe, UOCIIOealbe, cna6iJ(uj)eealbe, ycaepUtaealbe, uciiipaxuealbe HT)1.. HT)1..
'. 1.97.4 . .vb 3Ha'lelba 'lHCTe pa)1.lbe pa3BHjajy ce )1.pyra, Malbe-BHille KOHKpeTHa HJIH orrpeAMeneHa 3Ha'lelba: uoUtiiiOea'be, ciiipaxoealbe, uyiiiO eafbe, c(j)erwlbe (ycrroMeHa), uaMnelbe (MeMopHja), cxeaiiial-be (Ha30p, KOHuenUHja), iJaealbe, ilpUMal-be, YllaZalbe, iJyzo6al-be, uoiiipaxueafbe Kao
1.97.6. I1MeHHue 0)1. CB pille H H X r JI a r 0 JI a He H3BO)1.e ce CHCTe MaTCKH, no rpaMaTHtIKOM 06pacuy, Kao OHe 0)1. HeCBpilleHHX, ycne)1. tIera HX HMa )1.aJIeKO Malbe. JIaKo cy npen03HaTJbHBe no )1.yrOY3JIa3HOM aKueHTY Ha CJIory HCnpe)1. Cy
CyljJHKc31ll1ja
173
3aillTO HHje Moryne ,ja ny Te '1eKaTH )1.0 HCIIJleTefba '1apana", "cKyxalbe pY'1Ka", "oAHrpaH>e KOJIa" H CJIH'1HO. lheroB O)1.roBOP je 6HO ,,Jl.8 HMeHHue carpaljeHe 0)1. cBpilleHHx marOJIa MOp a j y HMaT H p e 3 y JI TaT H B H 0 • 3Ha'1eH>e, Tj. Mopajy 3Ha'1HTH HJlH npe)1.MeT Kao pe3YJITaT pa)1.H>e, HJIH KaKaB 4HH HJIH yonmTe HMeHHUY H3BeCHe BpcTe. TaKBe HMeHHue He MOry H H K a)1. 3Ha'1HTH y HailleM je3HKY )1.a je pa)l.H>a CBpilleHa, Ben YBeK pC3YJITaT CBpilleHe pa)l.H>e." Kao npHMepe OH nOTOM HaBO)1.H UpU3llalbe, ciiieopelbe, ejell'lalbe, iioY3iJalbe, cuacelbe, upeo6paXelbe H )1.pyre pe'1H, yKJbY'1yjynH H HeKe Ha -he. Tpe6a OTBOpeHO penH )1.a EeJIHneSO pacyljHBaH.e HHje jacHO. (0 TOMe CBeAOlIH H 3a'lyljyjyna aJbKaBOCT y H3pa)l(aBaH>Y: "HMeHHue ... Mopajy 3Ha '1HTH ... HMeHHUY".) OH He 06jaillH>aBa 3amTO cy MorynH 06JIHUH Kao uozy 6lbelbe KPU6tla, 3aKlbY'lelbe yzoeopa, ucilYlbelbe YCflOea, iip0UtUpelbe ilpo ciiiopuja H 6e36poj .ll.PyrHx KOjH ce HH'1HM He Pa3JlHK)'jy 0)1. HerpaMaTH'1HHX Kao *ucilJleiiielbe 'lapaila. AKo ce H3yJMY pe'1H KOHKpeTHOr 3Ha'1eH>a Kao ciiieopelbe, )1.pyrn npHMepH Koje OH HaBO)1.H Kao MorynHe HHCY HHMaJIO BHille pe3YJITaTHBHH Hero ucilJleiiielbe, H He MO)l(e ce nopHuaTH )1.a 3Ha'1e CBpilleHY pa)l.lby. IIpaBH O)l.fOBOP Ha OBa ceMaHTH'1Ka nHTafl)a Mopane O'1HrJle)1.HO )1.a 6Y)1.e 3HaTHO CJlO)l(eHHjH H 38XTeBane )l.y6Jba HCTpa)l(HBaH>a. 3aca)l.a MOJKeMO npHMeTHTH )1.a HeKe HMeHHue 3Ha'1e cBpilleHY Pa)l.H>Y (Hnp. upOZllaUtelbe, oiJCIlyxelbe, pasopyxalbe) )1.0K )1.pyre 3Ha'1e CTaH>e (3ailalbelbe, y3lleMUpelbe, paso'lapalbe). Ta nO)1.eJIa, MeljyrHM, He MO)l(e ce )1.0CJIe)1.HO cnpOBCCTH, jep MHore H3Be)1.eHHue HMajy )1.BojaKo 3Ha'1eH>e npe Ma TOMe )1.a JIH HX rne)1.aMO ca CTaHOBHmTa cy6jeICTa HJIH 06jeKTa: 3aiJyxe Ibe 'ynHcHBaH>e y )1.yr' HJIH '3a)l.y)l(eHOCT', oUtiiiehelbe 'HaHOilleH>e illTeTe' HJIH 'oillTeneHocT' H CJI.
1.97.7. AKO HX nocMarpaMo Ha OCHORY marOJIa H3 KOjHX cy H3Be)1.e He, MO)l(eMO HX npH6JlHJKHO nO)1.eJlHTH Ha CJIe)1.ene rpyne: - 0)1. npeJla3HHX marOJIa, npBeHCTReHO ca 3Ha'1elbeM pa)l.H>e, HaCTajy HMeHHue Kao caCllYUtalbe, uozy6lbelbe, uciiipe6lbelbe, U3epUtelbe, ucilYl-be Ibe, ilociiia8Jbelbe, oCllo6oljelbe. U36a8Jbelbe, U3IIe'lelbe (U3Ibe-), uCtf(j)e!be Ibe, U3pY'lelbe, uCKlbY'lelbe, YKlbY'lelbe, yiiieMe!belbe, iloiJpYUtiii8Jbelbe, 3a iJoeolbelbe, Yllailpeljelbe, oiilloljelbe, ilpeKOpa'lelbe, o6eUtiiieheibe HT)1.. IDH Ma cy 6JIHCKe H OHe Koje 3Ha'1e npOMeHy oc06HHe HJIH CTalba, Kao iloja'la Ibe, yee.tlu'lalbe. yeenalbe, ilo6olbUtalbe, uOZOpUtalbe, y6p3albe, ycilopelbe. YMalbelbe, CMalbelbe, ilpoiJyxelbe, cKpanelbe, iipoUtupelbe, oce(j)exelbe, uooUtiiipelbe, Y'lepUthelbe H TaKO )1.aJbe. TaKolje 0)1. npeJIalHHX marOJla, aJIH C naCHBHHM 3Ha'1eH>eM (TaKO )1.a 6H ce MOrJIe Cpa3JlOrOM CMatpaTH H3Be)1.eHHMa 0)1. npH)l.eBa tpnHor) jecy pe'lH Kao ycujalbe, 3ailalbelbe, 3a'leiilbelbe, 3ailpaUtelbe, 3azyzuelbe, 3azalje
\,
175
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je:lHKY
CyQ>HKcat.lHja
fbe, UOnU:JICefbe, oiIiyljefbe, 3aculiefbe, ycxuliefbe. y36yljefbe I1T,n;. OHe 03Ha
Ta: 0 TOMe Cse,n;OLJH 06JIHK Hbfafbe O,Q lleMaiIiu, Kao H "IecTe KOHCT}>YKll.Hje ca o6jeKaTCKHM reHHTHBOM, TUna Heilllaliafbe 0Y2oBa ( - X He ilIlalia oyzo ee), HeupuxeaiIiafbe YCJlOBa H cn. HanpOTlfB, y MaJIo6pojHHM H3se,n;eHHIJ.aMa o,n; CBpweHor rn'arona npe.pHKC Hempa caMY HMeHHllY: lleuoe(j)epefbe (He ,n;OCTaTaK nOBepe~a), lteeaci1uiIiafbe, lIepaci1oJloxefbe H cn.
174
qaBajy CTaa.e, TaKO ,n;a cy y npl1HIJ.l1ny eKBI1BaneHTHe 113Be,n;eHHIJ.aMa Ha -ociIi (y36yljefbe
y36yljenocm).
- O,n; nOBpaTHI1X rJIarona HaCTane cy HMeHHIJ.e Kao 02pezuelbe, fio K.IIOfbefbe, U36Ufbefbe; MO)KeMO 11M ,n;o,n;aTH H OHe Kao fiOpaBlIafbe, iiOMupe fbe, U3Mupefbe, CMupefbe, U3nena~efbe, 3aupeuazuliefbe, OOCeJbefbe, yCeJbe fbe, OfipeoO)eJbefbe, oiIi'tlO)eilrbelbe, UpU3eM.Jbelbe. OiIipe:JICfbefbe, oKpeilrbe fbe, yjeoufbefbe, OCaMOCiIia.tbelbe HT,n;., r,n;e nOCTojH H npeJIa3HH marOJI HCTe OCHOBe, anH 3Ha'lea.e H3Be,n;eHHIJ.e ynynyje Ha nOBpaTHH. - ManH 6poj HMeHHIJ.a HaCTao je o,n; HenpeJIa3HHX marOJIa: uociIiafbe, UOMafbKalbe, 3ax.tlaljefbe (-ofbefbe), oiIioilrbefbe, 3aOO'tlfbefbe, 3aKaZUfbefbe, 030pa6lbefbe, uojepiIiufbefbe H jow nOHeKa. - nHno o,n; KaKBor rnarOJIa ,n;a cy nOCTane, MHore pe'lH CTH'Iy npaBo HMeHH'IKO 3Ha'lea.e. Haj'lernne o3Ha'iaBajy eMOll,HOHanHa CTaH>a (pacuoJlo :JICefbe, YBDjepefbe, y6Djeljefbe, uoeDjepefbe, Ca:JICa.tbefbe, ciIipilrbefbe, Upe3pefbe H CJI.) H KOMYHHKaTHBHe HnH nep.popMaTHBHe "IHHOBe (fipeocKa 3afbe, oo06pefbe, oouywiIiefbe, oupaeoafbe, 06JlaZUlielbe [-zuiIiefbej. caou zuiIiefbe, o6aeDjewiIiefbe, o6jawfbefbe, pa3jawfbefbe, 06pa3J10:JICefbe, nape Ijefbe HT,n;.), anH H pa3He ,n;pyre nojMoBe: Ca3IWfbe, eacuuiIiafbe 90, upeoafbe, U3oafbe, ypeljefbe, uocmpojefbe, yiIiepljefbe, yopY:JICefbe, OKpY:JICefbe, yoy 6lbefbe, o6olbefbe, oce{j)eiIilbelbe, oOO)eJbelbe, ucuapefbe, OiIi{j)eJlOBlbefbe
H TaKO ,n;lUbe.
1.91.8. ea CyqlHKCOM -fbe je H H3BeCTaH 6poj CnO)KeHHX pe'lH, npeTe :lKHO IJ.pKBeHOCJIOBeHCKor nopeKJIa, Kao MUpOUOMa3afbe, 6020CllY:JICelbe, 50 2oja6lbefbe, 6J1a20eOlbefbe, pooocKepfbefbe H cn. MHore HMeHI1IJ.e ce KOM 6HHyjy C .popMaHToM CaMO-, Hnp. CaMOOOp:JICafbe, CaMOuoy30afbe, CaMoca :JICa.tbefbe, caMooupeo{j)eJbefbe, CaM0YHuzuiIiefbe HT,n;. 1.97.9. npe.pHKcH ce cnajajy C maronCKHM HMeHHIJ.aMa o,n; HecBprne HHX, MHorO 'Iewne HerO o,n; CBpweHHX marona. Tep3Hn A. 1969:43 HanOMH lLe ,n;a C npe.pHKcoM flpeo- nOCToje upeo3Hafbe, upeoy6{j)eljefbe, upeillua.tbe fbe, upeoofiiIiepeliefbe91 . Jorn 'IemnH je o,n;pe'IHH npe.pHKc He-. npH TOM cno jeBH C HMeHHIJ.OM o,n; HeCBpmeHor marona, Kao He3Hafbe, uecxeaiIiafbe, Hepa 3YM(uj)eeafbe, Hei103Haeafbe, Hei1OUlilloeafbe, Heiiocwojafbe, Heciiaeafbe, He CIIQ2afbe, Heooflaoafbe, npe,n;CTaBJl>ajy HOMHHanH3aIJ.Hjy HerHpaHor npe,n;HKa 90 rnaron ll'acuuiUaiUu je ll.BOSIt,!l.CKH, anH osY HMeHHIlY cMaTpaMo H3BMeHOM O.ll cBpweHor Blt,!l.a, C 063HpoM Ha oaCHBHO 3Ha'lell>e H Ha ('IeWflH) aKlleHT ll'aCUUiUalbe. 91 PMC 6MelKH H iipeoYIl'(j)epelbe Kao CHHOHHM 3a upeoy6(j)eljelbe. Pe'lH ilpeiUila /be/be H upeoouiUepenelbe HeMa Y OSOM pe'lHHKY, anHje cHrypHO.lla nOCToje Kao TeXHH'IKH TepMHHH.
1.91.10. nocTojH H npHJIHLJaH 6poj pe"ll1 Ha -lbe Koje cy H3ry6HJIC ,QH peKTHy Be3Y C MOTHBHHM marOJIHMa, 3aTO rnTO "HeMajy ,n;aHac O,D;fOBapajy nHx rnarona npeMa KojHMa cy H3Be,n;eHe", KaKO K3)Ke Tep3Hn (CT}>. 84) 3a uozuwefbe, Mfbefbe H 30afbe, HJIH 3aTO IIITO cy npey3eTe H3 IJ.pKBeHOCJIOBeH CKor O,n;HOCHO pYCKor, Kao paciIiojafbe, upoeuljefbe, uCKyzuefbe (yn. K}'Ula illu), eaCKpcefbe (nope,n; ClpyKTypHO npaBHJIHHjer rulH Maa.e y06H'IajeHor eacKpcllylie), flooo3pefbe (y cpncKoM nocTOjH caMO HMnep.peKTHB uooo 3p[uj]eeawu), oiIiKpoeefbe (pYCI13aM, aJIH ,n;aHac 06H'IHHjH Hero oiIiKpuee fbe, KaKO je y BYKOBOM npeBO,n;y HOBor 3aBeTa) UT,n;. Ty cna,n;ajy H H33HBH npa3HHKa CpeiIielbe, Ba3lteCefbe, Baeeoefbe, lirta2oe{j)ewiIiefbe, 5020ja elbefbe (yn. ja6lbafbe) HT,n;. 3aUOCJle1be H yUOCllefbe (yMecro cBojeBpeMeHO nponHCHBaHHX anH caCBHM Heyo6H'JajeHHx 3ailoZUlbefbe, yUOUllbefbe) y CKna,D;y cy C lpnHHM npH,n;eBHMa 3ailoCllen O,D;HOCHO yUOClleH. 06nHK THX npH,n;eBa MapKoBHn 1960 o6jamffiaBa YTHIJ.ajeM npH,n;eBa fioClleH, HnH jorn TaLJHHje npe.pHKcana 6ecuoCJlen, KOjH npeMa 3aUOClleH CTOjH y O,n;HOCY aH TOHHMHje. 1.97.11. Y Haqeny, HMeHHua o,n; HecBpmeHor H OHa o,n; o.n;rOBapajyner CBpmeHor maroJIa Meljyco6HO cy y BH,n;CKOj On03HIl.HjH (Hnp. cKpaliueafbe cKpaliefbe) 6am Kao H CaMH TH marOJIH. Ben je BYKOBHIi, MeljYTHM, 3an33HO (1950:41-53) ,n;a y HOBHje BpeMe nocrojH TeH,n;eHIJ.Hja,n;a ce cBpweHe HMeHH IJ.e yrrOlpe6JbaBajy H TaMO r,n;e 611 CMHcao 3aXTeBaO HeCBpmeHe, HIIp. "He npeKH,n;HO UOBuwefbe )KHBOTHOr CTaH,!l.ap,n;a", "npaTHTII U3BpWefbe nJIaHa", ,,,D;aJbe Y'lepZUliefbe napmje" YMecro OqeKHBaHOr flo6Uwaeafbe, U3epwaea fbe, )"lepwliueafbe. CnH'IHO TOMe, Tep3Hn A. 1969:67 (B. H Ha Clp. 70) roBO pH 0 "ry6JbeH>Y BH,n;CKHX O,D;JlHKa H HaCTojaH>y,n;a ce rnaroJICKa HMeHHua o6pa3yje caMO o,n; je,D;Hor rnarOJIa H3 BH,n;CKOr napa". OTy,n;a ce, KaKO OH Ka )Ke, uoctcyil!befbe, fi020pwafbe, iioeeliafbe H cn. lJecTO y roBOpy ynOlpe6Jba Bajy YMeCTO peljux H MaH>e yo6HQajeHux iioctcyil!bueafbe, il020pWaeafbe, uo eeliaeafbe. Y ,n;pyntM cnyqajeBHMa, oneT, jaBJLa ce HeCBpweHa HMeHHI.{a YMeCTO CBpmeHe, Hnp. xailwefbe y CMHcny 06aBJLeHOr "IHHa ("yxanmelbe"), 06ja6lbueafbe y 3Ha'ielbY 'o6jasa', 'o6jaBJLelLe', CM(j)efbueafbe YMeCTO He nOCTojener *CM{j)efbefbe (ynope,n;H ,n;Be HMeHHue y: ,Jl;o A-OBor CMefbUBQfba H E-OBor uocwaBibefba je ,n;OlllJlO 360r...") H CnH'IHO. no Tep3HlieBOM TYMa qelLY TaKBe nojaBe cy 3HaK ,n;a ce BH,n;CKa KOPeJJal.l,Hja 3aMeffiyje neKCHLJKOM On03HI.{HjOM, yCJIe,n; "Iera "HMeHHIJ.a nOCTaje MaH>e rnaroJICKa".
171
TBop6a peQH y CasPCMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CycjlHKcaUHja
1.98. -0 KaO CYCPHKC je BapHjaHTa (y Cp6HjH yo6H'IajeHa CaMO Ha 3a IIaJJ,Y) XHrIOKOPHCTH,{Hor -a Y pe'lHMa THna liopo, Ce/bO, Baco (B. 1.1.4). I1CKJbY'lHBO Kao -0, 6e3 o,npeljeHor 3Ha'{eH.a, jaBJba ce y Ha3HBY BelpaJY20 (y Cp6HjH M0'wKor po,na, rIpe Hero cpe,nH.er). JY20 Kao MapKa aYTOM06HJIa He CIIaJJ,a OSaMO, IIOWTO je CKpaneHH 06nHK o,n JY20Clla6uja HJUI jY20CIIO 6eHCKU. HeH3seCHO je ,na nH nocTOjH jow HeKa HMeHHQa y KOjOj ce -0 MO)I(e CMaTpaTH 3a CYCPHKC.
cy OHa rIpB06HTHO HaCTana Kao XHrIOKOPHCTHQH O,l{ CJIO)I(eHHX HMeHa (HrIp. Paooje O,l{ PaOOCAa6, PaOOMup H CJI., B. JIeCKHH 1914:271); HnaK, pacnpo CTpaH.eHOCT npe3HMeHa Kao Buooje6uli, BYKoje6uli. Bacoje6uli, Mapoje6uli, /(pa20je6uli, Jby60je6uli H OCTanHX ,l{OKa3 je ,l{a H OBa HMeHa Mopajy 6HTH npHnH,{HO CTapa. I1MeHHQa 3Aaiiloje, KOjy PMC rIpeHOCH H3 BYKOBor Pje'lHHKa ("XHn. HMe, Ha3HB O,l{ MHJIOWTe") BepOBaTHO je HMe 3Aaiiloje npeTBOpeHO Y anenaTHB.
1.99. CYCPHKC -OB je rIO CKOKY "o,n Mau. napTHQHna Ha -£I", H3 Malja pH3aMa Kao AOii06, aUl06 npeHeT Ha ,noMalie OCHOBe. On HMeHH,{KHX OCHosa cy pe006 (no CKOKY O,l{ peo), Ky'tf06, 3e/b06, :JICyli06, nejopaTHBH Ma3206, i116a606 H jow nOKoja pelja pe'l. O,l{ npH,neBa cy Cje,nHe CTpaHe Ha3HBH na ca HnH KOIi>a no TeneCHHM oco6HHaMa, KaO 60)eJl06, MPK06, Ulap06, 2ap06, KyOp06, PYH006, K)'C06, C ,npyre ClpaHe rIejopaTHBHH Ha3HSH 3a Jby,ne: Ay 006 'nY,l{aK, 6Y,l{ana',jao06 'jacHHK', 2a006 'ra,l{aH '{oseK', iiPa31106 'CHPO Max' HnH 'npa3HOrnaBaQ'. 11 3a Aa:JIC06 MO)I(eMO npeTnOCTaBHTH ,na je o,n OCHOBe npH,neBa Aa:JlCJbU6. O,l{ rnaronCKe OCHOBe je 36PH006, O,l{ (3aCTape ne) 3aMeHH'IKe HuiUK06.
1.103. -OlLa je CYCPHKC MYwKor pO,l{a. OCHOBe cy HMeHH'IKe HJIH npH ,l{eBCKe, pelje rnarOJICKe, a H3Be,neHHQa 03Ha'{aBa )I(HBOTHILY HJIH '10BeKa ca OC06HHOM HCKa3aHOM y OCHOBH. CTaPHjH rpaMaTHtJapH 06ase3Ho cy rIOMH H.anH YrIolpe6y OBor cycpHKca 3a BOJIOBe, anH TaKBe pe,{H qHHe CaMO ManH ,neo H3Be,neHHQa Koje cy ,naHac Y ynOlpe6H.
176
1.100. KpaTKo -OB je nOpeKnOM npH,l{eBCKH npHcBojHH CYCPHKC, anH rIOCTaje HMeHWIKH Y npe3HMeHHMa THna MUlbau06, J06aH06, MapiilwlO6, BeCeJlUH06, EOUlK06 H cn. (B. CTaHoj'lHIi-ITorIOBHn 1999:141-142). C Heja CHOM MOTHBaQHjoM Hana3HMO ra Y npeTe)I(HO xpBaTCKOM )/(U006: CKOK, s. v. Jax'jouja, Ka)I(e ,l{a Y KajKaBcKoM H cnOBeHa'iKOM nocTOjH )/(UO (yn. H py CKO )/(UO); )/(U006 je rIO H.eMY O,l{ naT. judaeus, r,ne je naTHHCKO -aeu(s) ,na no -e6, anH je TO cXBalieHO Kao Haw npH,neSCKH CYCPHKC, na je, C 063HPOM Ha TBp,nH cyrnacHHK 0, 3aMeH.eHO ca -06. 3aCTapeno MOCK06 'Pyc' rIO CKO Ky je o,n rypcKor Mosko! < MocK6a. 1.101. -OBo/-eBo je CKOPO HCKJbY,{HBO TonOHOMaCTH'll
O,n HMeHHqKHX OCHOBa cy 2Aa60H>a, HOCOH>a, 6paooH>a, 6pKOH>a, iilp6oH>a (ca CKpaneHOM OCHOSOM), 2p6oH>a, 2Y30H>a,p020H>a (rOTOBO yaeK $H rypaTHBHO) HT,l{., y3 BynrapH3Me K)'pOH>a (ca CKpalieHOM OCHOBOM) H MYOO H>a; Ha )I(HBOTHH>e ce o,nHoce UlaiioH>a 'oHaj KOjH HMa BeJIHKe wane' H pe iioH>a. I13Be,l{eHHQe H3 Ha3HSa )I(HSOTHH.e HMajy XHnOKopHCTH,{HO-IDaJbHBO 3HaqeH.e, Kao 3eKOH>a (= 3eQ: 3a ,l{pyro 3HaqeILe B. HH)I(e), MUUlOH>a, MeOO H>a; yn. H 6UKOH>a, rIO PMC '6HK, 6HKOBHT BO; cpHr. CHa)I(aH, nya '10BeK', H 6aKOH>a, n03HaTO Kao HMe MaTasYJbeBOr jYHaKa (no PMC 6aKolt>a je 'cRa )I(aH qOBeK, jaK Kao 6HK' HJIH 'MoliaH '10BeK, 60raTaW'). O,n npH,nescKHx OCHOBa cY oY20H>a, 2AY60H>a, MAaKOH>a, 3a )I(HBOTHlLe K)'COIt>a, Ulyiilolba, CU601ba, 6(uj)eJlolba 'BO 6eJIe ,l{JIaKe'. EY,l{yIiH ,l{a cy CBe H3Be,l{eHHI.le lpocnO)I(He, MHore npH.l{eBCKe OCHOBe ce KpaTe (yn. Ea6HIi 1991:195), na TaKO HMaMO 1<'/u~Miiolba O,l{ KAeMiia6, 6Aecolba, liopolba 92 , 3a BOJIOBe 3eKOiba (BO 3eKaCTe, 3eneHKaCTe 60je) Hpyoolba 'BO pY,l{aCTe (ryCTe H )I(ybKaCTe) ,l{JJaKe'. O,n npH,neBcKe OCHOBe 6Hli.e,l{a cy H lieAoH>a, 6wwH>a, :JIC6aAOiba C)I(BanaBaQ, 6anaBall.' npeMa PMC), wapOH>a (wapeH BO) H cnH,{HO. llITaBHwe, H 3a Beb nOMeayre petJH 2Aa60H>a, HOCOH>a, 6paoolba, 6pKOH>a, p020H>a 6HJIO 6H rIO~e,l{HaKO OnpaB,l{aHO H H3BoljeH>e O,l{ rIpH.l{eBa Ha -aiil ca cKpabelLeM (2Aa6olba 2Aa6aiil tJOBeK HT,l{.). HeKonHKO H3Be,l{eHHQa je o,n rnarOJICKe OCHOBe, MaJJ,a je Mapernb
1963 :355, cYMlLajyliH Y ry MorybHOCT, TBP,l{HO 3a :JICoepoH>a ,l{a "HMje H3Be ,neHO HerIOCpe,nHO O,l{ marona: )I(,l{epaTH, Beb O,l{ HMeHHQe: Qepo". CTeBa HOBHb 1964 1: 531 nOMHlLe caMO pe'l AuiiloH>a (no PMC 'oHaj KOjH nHTa, 92 OBa peq CBaKaKO nOCTojH, Ma,o;a HHje 3afieneJKeHa y PMC. Y CTpHlly "TpH yrypcy 3a" (no aMepHqKHM If/HnMCKHMjYHaLlHMa The Three Stooges). KojHje 6HO OMHJl>eH y fOAII 8aMa npeA J(pym CBeTCKH paT, rnaBHH jYHaJ.(H cy ce 3BanH Hocou.a, ))pa,o;oll>a H liopoll>ll: oBaj nOCneAH>H je HMao ynllATbHB LlpHH nOBC3 npeKO jeAIIor OKa.
178
Tsop6a pe'lH
y CaBpeMeHOM CPI1CKOM je3HKY
KOjH HMa jaK npOllHB ') y3 HanOMeHY "a 6Hne CHryPHO jow Koja I:boj CllH'IHa". THMe je BepOBaTHO XTeo,na ally,nHpa Ha ,n06po n03HaTe BYllrapH 3Me cepolba H upOOlba, Koje H3 npHcTojHOCTH HHje XTeo ,na nOMeHe.
1.104. -OcHja, ca ayrMeHTaTHBHHM 3Ha'leFheM (yn. cUIlecuja), HMaMO y zpoocuja, Kao H y 3aCTapellOM nejopaTHBY H3 BYKoBor pe'tHHKa upoocuja, KOjH no PMC 3Ha'tH 'HewTo cTapo, pljaBo, HeynoTpe6JbHBO (Hnp. ,nYBaH, 6apYT H Cll.)', a no CKOKY je HaCTao "npeMa zpoocuja". Hcn! 3aBpWeTaK cpelieMo H y BHwe JKeHCKHX HMeHa, r,ne H3me,na ,na je BeOMa Pa3llH'tHTor nopeKlla: Teooocuja (Tooocuja) je H3 rp'tKor, Xpuciiiocuja (Puciiiocuja) je JKeHCKH 06nHK upeMa XpuciiiOC, Je6pocuja BapHjaHTa o,n Je6pocUMa, Paoo cuja H MU/locuja cy npeMa MHllHI.{H fpKoBHn BapHjaHTe o,n Paoociiiuja o,n HOCHO MUIlociiiuja, a no aHallOrHjH je HaCTallO JIeuocuja. 1.10S. -OCT HMa caMO je,nHY IPYHKUHjy - nOHMeHH'taBal:be npH,neBa. O,n CBHX CYIPHKCa C TaKBOM IPYHKUHjOM OH je 6e3 CYMl:be Hajnno,nHHjH: Y HHKonHneBOM OPC] pe'lH Ha -ociii 3aY3HMajy 56 CTpaHa. EenHn 1936:262 HaBeo je HeKe H3Be,neHHue Koje je, no l:beMY, npBH CKOBao BYK H Koje cy OCTane Y je3HKY (H3Meljy OCTanHX zociiiOlby6u60ciii, c6eiiiociii, CMpiU HOCiU).93 H ,naHac CBaKO,nHeBHO HacTajy HOBe HMeHHne C OBHM CyIPHKCOM. C 063HPOM Ha TOllHKY npo,nYKTHBHOCT H3HeHaljyje WTO My je CTeBaHoBHIi Y CBOjoj BenHKoj rpaMaTHUH nOCBeTHO caMO je,naHaeCT pe,noBa (1964 1: 536-537). C BenHKHM 6pojeM H3Be,neHHna Be3aHa je H oco6HHa cYIPHKca -ociii ,na, 3a pa3nHKY o,n ,npymx cnH'tHHX cYIPHKCa, ,nona3H rOTOBO YBeK CHeCKpa lieHHM npH,neBCKHM OCHOBaMa. I-hY3eTaK cy caMO zaoociii H 6ucociii, y3 TO Kpeuociii (anH C ,nPYK'lHjHM 3Ha'teH.eM Hero KpeUKociii) H TpH ,naHac pena 06JIHKa - CAaoociii, Mpsociii H opsociii (nope,n opcKoCiii). HHa'le -ociii ,no na3H ca OCHOBaMa 6e36pojHHX je,nHocnmKHHX H BHWeCJIOJKHHX npH,neBa 6e3 CYIPHKca (ciiiapociii, MAaoociii, CAa6ociii, ::JfCu60ciii, Ayoociii, zopoociii, cuiiiociii, cuopociii, iiiPOMociii, Kpyillociii, iiiyUociii, IUKpiiiociii, zpy6ociii, ciiipozociii, ilnoxociii, CMO]eAociii, speAociii, xpa6pociii, Myopociii, 6ece AOciii, UUiiiOMociii, OXOAociii, omMO]eHociii, HaciiipaHociii, c6eciiipaHociii, 6a1baHOciU, sllYpaoociii, cupo60ciii, cypo6ociii, jaA060ciii, HeYKociii, Kuce Aociii, 060ciiipYKOciii, pasHOAUKociii, 6psOii.neiiiociii, KpaiiiK06uoociii HT,n. HT,n.), Ha npH,neBe ca CYIPHKCOM -(a)HI-Hu ('leoHociii, ilnooHociii, ja6Hociii, 6YOHociii, iiiajHociii, 'lYAHociii, cUpe.M.HOCiii, CiiipY'lHOciii, iiia'lHOciii, 6uiii 93 Bpe,llH 3BJJa3l!TH }l.a I'll! SeJJHII, HH CKOK, HH naBJJoBHII 1953 2 He 6eJJelKe Jl.YlKHHY HB 0, Hero nHmy CBMO SHlle}l.a cy ee nOBeJJH 3a cBBpeMeHHM I'paJJ.CKHM II3rOBOpOM, Y KOMe je TB AYlKHHa nornyHo HeCTBJIB.
-oew.
CycjlllKcaI(Hja
179
HOCUl, IUlueUlHOcUl, 60]epHociii, ciii6apHociii, CKpOMHOCIU, 'lyjHOCIU, 6a ::JfCHociii, upuciiiojljociii, zojasHoCiii, upuUpa6Hociii, 6es60]eOHociii, ucilpa6 Hociii, U0006HOCiii, sa6ucHociii, yilOpHociii, OiiiaOpHociii, o06paiiiHociii, OS6U1bHociii, '1060]e'l~OCiii, Up06U1lHociii, 06UMHOciii, SOX6aAHOciii, Cy6U IUHociii, ilo60XHociii, YlbYOHociii, ilpuce6Hociii, Ce6U'lHOciii, yciiia6Hociii, opxa6Hociii, Myxe6Hociii, 0YX06Hociii, Hau6HOciii, aKiiiu6Hociii, peaA Hociii, 6aHaAHOciii, aKiiiYeAHOciii, ocO]enajHociii, HeAaZOOHOciii, jeoHo Ciiia61l0ciii, 6AazOPOO1lociii HT,n. HT,n.), na H C pa3HHM ,npyrHM npn.neBCKHM CYIPHKCHMa: zuuKOCiii, 6AUCKociii, opcKociii, jeiiiKociii, KpOiiiKociii HT,n., :JICUIla6ociii, iiipaila60ciii, CYMlbU'la60ciii HT,n., ZP0M3U60ciii, zociiiolby6u 6ociii, 60Aenu60ciii HT.D.., zaOlbu60ciii, upOM(j)eHlbu60ciii, oape:JlClbu6ociii HT.D.., cUOlbalUlbociii, YHyillpalUlbOCiii, ocpeolbociii HT.D.., YMUlbaiiiociii, 'lYO 1l06aiiiociii HT.D.., UCiiiUHUiiiociii, MOXHUiiiociii, p(j)e'luiiiociii, Ule.M.elbuiiiociii HT,n., 0yx06uiiiociii, 1l(j)eA06uiiiociii, CAoje6uiiiociii HT.D.., c6ojciii6eHociii, xeHciii6eHociii H TaKO ,naJbe. HMaMO ra H y3 CYIPHKCe y3 Koje 360r eYIPOHH je He 6HCMO O'leKHBallH .D.a .D.olje, Kao -CKU (IbYOCKOciii, xellcKociii, Y PMC Se.M.albCKociii [c 03HaKOM "He06."] H cpilcKociii [y PMC Cje.D.HHM I{HTaTOM H3 CKepnHlia, Ha norpewHoM Mecry no a36Y'tHOM pe.D.Y]) HllH -aciii (HHKO JIHlieB pe'lHHK6eJIeJKH .D.eBeT pe'lH THna soeilaciiiociii, oO]eiiiulbaciiiociii H CJIH'tHO), WTO CBe CBe.D.O'lH 0 H3Y3eTHOj npo,nopHOCTH OBor cylPHKca.
1.10S.1. -Ociii pe,nosHo .D.Ona3H H Ha OCHOBY pa.u.Hor npn.nesa (sao ciiiaAociii, oOiiipajaAociii, oiiiyuO]eAOCiii, saciiiapDieAociii, IUlOHYAociii, OpOHyAociii, 06aMPAOciii HT,n.), TpnHor npH.D.eBa Ha -H (saiii)'llllHOciii, Heo iiiecaHociii, pacIlO]eilKaHociii, pas)l30aHOciii, cHa600]e6eHociii, ofiujeHociii, ype~eHociii, s6YlbeHociii, iloK6apeHociii, cilp[uj]e'leHOCiii, sacuneHociii HT.D..) H OHora Ha -iii (paszpaHaiiiociii, Haileiiiociii, sayseiiiociii, saiiiezHyillociii, zaHyiiiociii, HaoyUlociii HT.D..). 3Ha'leH.Y HMeHHna Ha -ociii nOCBeTHO je noce6au pa.u. MHnHBOj Ila SJIOBHIi (1953 2). OH HCTH'Ie (CTp. 297-298) .D.a HMeHHue H3Be,neHe O.D. npH .D.eBa (Hnp. albKa6ociii) "Y OCHOBH o3Ha'laBajy OC06HHY" a OHe O.D. maron CKHX TpnHHX npH.D.eBa (Hup. ys6y~eHociii: Pa.u.He npH.D.eBe He nOMHl:be) "Y OCHOBH 03Ha'lasajy CTal:ba". O.D.Max 3aTHM npH3Haje .D.a Ta .D.BojHa nO.D.ena HeMa HapO'lHTOr 3Ha'laja, jep ,,'IHTaB HH3 CeMaHTH'IKHX nponeca KOMnJ1H Kyje O.D.HOce". TheroBa onWHpHa aHaJIH3a Ha Kpajy He ,nOBO.D.H HH.D.O KaKBHX O.D.peljeHHx 3aKJbY'laKa, jep ce ry6H Y noje.D.HHOCTHMa H3 aHaJIH3Hpauor TeKCTa H y onHCHSal:bY noje,nHHHX pe'lH. BaJKHa je, MeljyruM, je.D.Ha nojasa KOjy IlaBnoBHn TeK Y3rpe.D. HanOMHH>e, a TO je .D.a ce Y noje.D.HHHM pe'lHMa H3 ancTpaKTHor nOHMeHH'IeH>a pa3SHja KOHKpeTHO HMeHH'IKO 3Ha'leH>e. OHO ce HeKH nYT jas.lba no ceKyn.naPHO, Hnp. Ka.u. ZAyfiociii 3Ha'lH 'rnyn nocTynaK' HJIH 'myna H3jaBa', oyx06uiiiociii - '.u.yxOBHTa H3peKa', MAa oociii - 'OMJIa.D.HHa', C6e'laHOciii - 'CBeTKOBHHa', dpaZOIl(j)ellociii - •.u.pa
r
181
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CprrcKoMje3HKY
CyIj>HKCaI.\Hja
roueH rrpe.n;MeT', 3HaMeHUmOem - '3HaMeHHT CrrOMeHHK, rpaljeBHHa H CJI.'. Y 3HaTHOM 6pojy pe'IH, HarrpOTHB, rrpaKTH'IHO je OCTaJIO jOllI CaMO HMe HH'IKO 3Ha'Ielhe, Ha rrpHMep y e60)eUl/lOem, me'lHOem, eaOaWlbOem, UpO lUJIOem, YHympaWlbOc.Vn, eUOlbaWlbOem, KlbU:J1Ce6HOem, 0Y:J1CHOem, uojeou HOem. 3HaK TaKBe rrpOMeHe y HeKHM pe'IHMa MO)Ke 6HTH llITO ce HMeHHL(a HOPMaJIHO yrrOTPe6JhaBa y MHO)KHHH (me'lHoeiliu, 0Y:J1CIIOemU, uojeouHo emu H CJI.).
1.105.4. -HOCT, Kao rrpollIHpeHa BapHjaHTa cY
180
o
OBOj PalJIHUH TPe6aJIo 6H y6y.n;yne BHllIe .n;a rrOBe.n;y pa'IyHa H JIeK CHKorpa
1.105.2. 360r crreUH
ITocToje, C.n;pyre CTPaHe, HeKH KaH.n;H.L\aTH 3a -Hoem Koje lia6Hn HHje YO'IHO. To cy UH6a1lUOHOem (= HHBaJIH.n;HTeT; npH.n;eB UH6a1lUOaH 3a6ene )KeH je caMO y PCAHY Kao "He06."), H HeOJIOrH3aM eupamHoem, 3a6ene )KeH KO.n; noplja OTallIeBHna, a KOjH ce Meljy apXHTeKTHMa yrroTPe6Jhaaa Y CMHCJIY 'BHCHHa (3rpa.n;e) y crrpaTOBHMa'. HHje HCKJhY'IeHo.n;a OBOMe .n;o.n;a MO H rr03HaTH H3pal uapmujHoem H3 HeKa.n;allIlher rrOJIHTH'IKOr pe'IHHKa: rrpH.L\eB uapmujaH je y PMC .n;aT Cje.n;HHM rrpHMepoM H3 OCKapa ):{aBH'Ia, aJIH je caCBHM Hey06H'IajeH. Haj3a.n;, C rrpe.L\JIOllIKOM OCHOBOM je upeoHocm ('IeXH3aM, rro CKOKY, s. v. upeo).
1.106. Ca -OT je caMO :J1CU60m, o.n; rJIarOJICKe OCHOBe. flecKHH 1914:284 H CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:540 Ha6pajajy OB.n;e H.n;eBep6aJIe o.n; OHOMa TorrejcKHx rJIarOJIa, THrra zpoxom, KIl0KOm, KUKOm, mouom H CJIH'IHO. Ty je, MeljYTHM, -om caMO KapaKTepHCTH'IHH 3aBpllIeTaK OCHOBe, a CY
1.107. -OTa l je HaCTaBaK 3a rpaljelhe anCTPaKTHHX HMeHHua, KaKBe cy rro liollIKoBHny (1936: 126) rrocTojaJIe Ben y rrpaCJIOBeHCKOM. HeMa HX MHoro: o.n; rrpH.n;eBCKHX OCHOBa, y .n;aHallIlheM je3HKY, TO cy yrJIaBHOM 00 6poma, Ileuoma (lbe-), 'luemOma (c
183
TBop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cyq,HKc~lIja
.,MO)KeMO 6lfTH CHI)'pHH ,na je nOCTana O,n npH,neBCKOr KOpeHa zp/3x-, 0,n6a UHBal:LeM npu.neBCKOr HaCTaBKa", llITO 3aTHM npollIHpyje H Ha ciilpaxoiila, CpaMOiila, oU6oiila H Ha 3aC'rapeJIO iilezoiila. Ea6Hn 1991 :327 Ka:lKe 3a HMe HHue Ha -oiila caMO "H3Be,neHe cy o,n npmQeBa", a nOTOM 6e3 06jallII:LeI:La HaBOM npHMepe Me1)y KojHMa cy H zpexoiila If ciilpaxoiila. I1je,nHo H ,npyro TYMa'lel:Le Morno 6H ce 6paHIfTH, anH HaM ce H3Bo1)el:Le H3 HMeHHua HnaK 'lHHH JIOrH'lHHjHM, jep y npOTHBHOM HHje jacHo KaKO 6H npH,neBH zpeUJaH H ciilpaUJaH, Hanope,no C ry6JheI:LeM Cy
xpaHa', anH 6e3 npHMepa, a je,naH L(HTaT je HaljeH 3a 3Ha'lel:Le 'ma,nHlfua' . Pe'l cupoiilulba, Ma KonHKo,na je no 3Ha'leJ:LY 6nHcKa ZO/lOiilUlbU H 6ocoiilu IbU, He cna,na no,n oBaj CY
182
1.108. CY
IllTO ce pacnpcHyno, KpxOTHHa' HJIH 'CHTaH MJIa3' H CJIH'lHO. KapaKTepH CTH'lHO je 3a oBaj CY
C HeMaTepHjanHHM 3Ha'lel:LeM je U3MUUJlboiiluHa. O,n npH,neBcKHx OCHosa, H3Y3eTHO, rpaljeHH cy UJyUlboiiluHa 'llIynJhHHa, pyna, nYKoTHHa' (J{Ba UHTaTa y PMC) H cyxoiiluHa 'cysa,n, cyso rpal:Le' HJIH 'CYBO MeCTO, cYSOTa' (HHje nOTsp1)eH 06nHK CY6oiiluHa).
1.110. -OTHlba CJIY:lKH 3a H3so1)efLe ancTpaKTHHX HMeHHua H3 npH,ne Ba, yrJIaSHOM HeraTHSHor 3Ha'lefLa, Kao y zOlloiilulba, 6ocoiilulba, CaMoiilu lOa ('ocaMJheHO MeCTo' HJIH 'YCaMJheHOcT'), Cpe,nYKosaHoM OCHOSOM ZJla oOiilulba 'rna,noBal:Le, rnac' (,nBa UHTaTa y PMC). CIla60iilulba je CTeKllO KOHKpeTHO 3Ha'lel:Le 'cna6Hn'. CY60iilulba je y PMC npeHeTO H3 BYKoBor Pje'lHHKa ca 3Ha'lel:LeM 'CTaI:Le Ka,n ce o,n HeBOJhe Mopa jecTH caMO nOCHa
O,n rnarOJICKe OCHOBe je caMO 'laMoiilulba (BepOBaTHO HaCT8J10 yKp IllTal:LeM o,n 'laMa H caMoiilulba).
1.111. -Olia rpa,nH ancTpaKTHe HMeHHQe 0,1( npH,I(eBa, Kao H -oiila, anH ce (6ap Y Cp6HjH) jaBJha y 3HaTHO BeneM 6pojy pe'lH. rnasHH npHMepH cy caMolia, iil6poolia, MeKoha, llaKolia, iiieUJKoha (H C npe
1.112. Cy
184
185
TBOp6a pe'lll Y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCI
CY
no npaBHJIy cy HeMOTHBHcaHH, Hnp. pa6olU, IjUllKOIU, 00601U, HJIH cy y Haj MalLY pyKY HejacHe eTHMOJIOmje, Kao KUijOIU H 6pJl1101U. 95 Y PMC cy I1l ;o;pyrHx pe'lHHKa, 6e3 TeJ{CTYaJIHHX nOTBp;o;a, npeHeTe nOHeKe peTKe pe'lH ,. , -, , Kao POt!OIU Japau HJIH OBaH \BeJIHKHX porOBa ,lUaHKOIU BpCTa HHCeKTa , ijJl11KOIU 'BeJIHKO ;o;eTe' (BepOBaTHO 0;0; ijJl11aiUu 'JbYJbaTH ,neTe Ha KOJIeHY').
1.114. -CT, Cy
Y HOBHjeM <paMHJIHjapHoM rOBOpy liJIH )!{aprOHY jaBHJIO ce BHwe pe rm ca CKpaneHOM HMeHH'IKOM OCHOBOM, KaO KOijOIU 'KOUKap', ijUt!OIU 'UH raHHH' (B. EyrapcKH 2991 1:72), HJIH 0;0; maroJICKe OCHOBe no OOIjOIU ',no WJbaK' (06H'IHO y BOjBO,nHHH). H ijUHKapOIU je BepOBaTHO o,n ijUHKapuiIiu 'nOTKa3HBaTH'; 1,la6a.tle6apolU je npOWHpeILe CJIO)!{eHHue 1,la6a.tle6ap. ,l4>y re pe"!H, Kao iIie3t!apolU, XUijapOIU, cWleiIiKapolU, 1,leuapolU HT,n., npe 6H CMO CBPCTaJIH no;o; Cy
1.112.1. -Apomje HaCTaJIO, KaKO 06jawILaBa CKOK (s. v. -OIU), cnaja ILeM Cy
1.115. -CTBO je je,naH 0;0; Hlpa3HTO npo;tJ;yKTHBHHX CBeCJIOBeHCKHX cy
1.113. CY
Y cTapHjeM jelHKY (B. nopl)Hn 1936) nOCTojaJIe cy If BapHjaHTe C YMeTHYTHM BOKaJIOM -eciU60 H -aciIi6o, aJIH cy ce ca'lyBaJIe caMO y pyCICO cnOBeHCKHM 06JlHUHMa MHoxeciU60, KlOuxeciU60, poxoeciU60, oiUe'le CiIi60 H CJI. O,nHOCHO oiUa'l.aciU60 H cywiUaciIi60. CJIO)!{eH ca -CiU60 jeCTe Cy
187
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHQM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy!jlHKCllUHja
fufHa HMeHH~a ca H3Be,neHH~OM Ha -ciueo HMa H npH,neB Ha -CKU/-'1KU (yn. Ba6Idi 1991:278), a <poHeTCKe amepH~Hje cy HCTe Cje,nHHM H C ,npyrHM cy
opyzapciUeo, uoepiUapciUeo, U'leAapciUeO, 3aHaUlcUleo, zpageeUHapCmeo, pyoopciUeo, MOUlUHciUeo, UliUaMuapciUeo, HoeUHciUeo, U30aeOUliUeo, yzo ciUuiUe.lbciUeo H CJI.; TaKolje 06eJIeiKaBaTH o,npe~eHY lteJIaTHOCT y KynrypH, cnopTY, 3a6aBH HT,n., KaO\CAUKapcmeo, eajapciUeo, zoeopHU UliUeo, u(j)ecHUUliUeo, ilAonunapciUeo,' ea3oyxoilAoeciUeo, uooo6paHcilieo, jeopUAu'Iopcilieo, MOOeAapCmeo HT,n.
186
1.115.2. Y npBy, BeOMa 06HMHY rpyny 3HaqeH>a Morne 6H ce cBpcTa TH HMeHH~e Koje 3HalJe: - KapaKTCpHe H ,npyre oc06HHe: zOcUoOcilieo, jYHaUlilieo, euilieUlilieo, xepojcilieo, CAo6ooapcilieo, Majciliopcilieo, 'lOeDjeUlilieo, He'lOe(j)eUlilieo, 'lojcilieo (pernOHaJlH3aM, C oKpH>eHOM OCHOBOM), 3eDjepcilieo, 0u6lbaUlilieo, eapeapcilieo, floKeapelbaUlmeo, AyfleUlilieo, UlapAailiaucilieo, 'lUciliYHcilieo (oKpH>eHa OCROBa), MeK)'Ulilieo (HCTO), cUoKojcilieo HT,n.; - pa3Ha npHBpeMeHa CTalba: pouciUeo, upozoHciUeo, 3apo6.!beHU Ulilieo, MY'leHUUlmeo, U36(j)e2llUUlilieo, o(j)e'laUliUeo, o(j)eeojaUliUeo, yoo eUUlilieo, 'lIlaH.cilieo, ayiliopcilieo, cmapailie.lbcilieo, e09cmeo, opxa6lbaH. ciUeo, 6aHKpoiliciUeo HT,n.; - 3Bae.a H qHHOBe (ciliapDjeUlul/cilieo, eojeoocilieo [B. H HHiKe], uau cilieo, ee3upcilieo, eAacilieAuH.cilieo HT,n.), o,nHoce Me~y Jhy,nHMa (pueaA cilieo, ea3aAcilieo, caY'leCHUUlilieo, upujailie.lbcilieo, Heupujailie.lbCilieo, opy zapcilieo, flapmHepcilieo, K)'Mcilieo, uo6pailiUMcilieo, eDjepeHuUlilieo HT,n.). - BnHcKe cy H>HMa H OHe Koje 03HalJaBajy nOnHTHqKO HnH ,npyro onpe,neJheH>e, THna AeeU'IapciUeo (.!be-), ayiUoHoMaUlmeo, ceKiUaUlmeo, lC/ly6aUliUeo, xeZeAujaHciUeo, KpAexujaHciUeo HT,n.: nocne,nH>e ,nBe H3BO,nH MO H3 HMeHH~a xeZe./lujaHatl, KpAexujaHall, TaKO ,na HeMa nOTpe6e ,na ce YSO,nH Cy
MOry
- O,naB,ne MeTOHHMHjCKH npoH3na1H H 3Haqelhe y C T a HOB e, Kao y Ha'leACiUeo (cKpalieHa OCHOBa), MUHuciliapcmeo, 3auoe(j)eOHUUliUeo, iipeoc(j)eonUUliUeo, iliyxuAaUliUeo, iipaeo6paHUAOUlilieo, oiUupaeHU UliUeo, upeociUoeHUUlilieo, 3aciUyflHUUlmeo, ypeoHuUlilieo HTlt. Y CymTHHH OBaMO cna,najy H cyocmeo, UlKoAciUeo H 30poeciUeo (MO iK,na H AoeCmeo), C THM IllTO ce OltHOCe Ha ~eJIOKynHH Cy,nCKH (IllKOnCKH, 3,npaBCTBeHH) CHCTeM y 3eMJhH. J.b rrypHCTHqKHX pa3JIora CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:539 ce rrpOTHBHO TaKBOM npolllHpeH>y 3Haqel:La, HCTHqynH ,na cy 30paecilieo H UlKOAciU6o H3 lJelllKor (zdravstvi, skolstvl), y3 TBpltlLY ,na UlKOAciUeo "ca 36HPHHM 3HalJelheM, O.[{HOCHO y CJlYiK6H MHOiKHHe HMeHH~e UlKOAa, HHje y npHpo,nH Hailler je3HKa", a,na peq cyocilieo ,,03HaqaBa K0 JI e K T H B CY ,n Hj a H .npyror 3HaqeILS OHa 3aca,n y cpnCKoxpBaTCKOM je3H Ky HeMa". Je3HqKa npaKca HHje no.npiKaJIa HHje,nay o.n; OBHX 3a6paHa.
1.115.3. MMa H pe'lH Koje He MOiKeMO nO.ABeCTH no,n ,noca.n; HaBe.n;eHe KaTeropHje, anH OHe ce yrJlaBHOM Kpeny y OKBHPY naKO Pa3YMJhHBHX ce MaHTHlJKHX nOMepalha. TaKBe cy rrpe CBera llapcilieo H eojeoocilieo (sa Kpa .!beeciUeo B. HHiKe, 1.115.5), Koje o.n; 3Haqelha Bna.n;apcKe MoliH ,no6Hjajy 3Ha'l:elhe ,npiKaBe, 3aTHM eAaCHUUliUeo (,BnaCHH'l:KH CTaTYC' > 'cBojHHa'), Pa36ojHuUlilieo Cpas60jHHqKO rroHamae.e' > 'pas60jHHqKH lJHH'), cyc(j)eo ciUeo, oOMaliuHcilieo, UyHOMOlicmeo (= UYHOMOIi, -lije) H jom rrOHeKa. 3a jaMcilieoljeMciUeo H 3a pa360jciUeo MOiKeMO je,nHHo KOHCTaTOBaTH ,na HMa jy 3aje,nHHqKY OCHOBY C areHTHBHOM HMeHH~oMj(lMallljeMall O.[{HOCHO Pa3 60jHuK, aJIH TO HHje MOTHsa~Hja y rrpaBOM CMHCJIY peqH. YCaMJheHaje peq cpeociUeo (PYCH3aM, rro CKOKY), Koja HeMa CeMaHTH'iKe Be3e C ,naaamlhHM 3HalJeILeM HMeHH~a cp(uj)eoa, cpeOUHa HJlH rrpH,nesa cpeO/bu. (llocpeo ciUeo, HanpOTHB, Be3yje ce 3a rJlarOJl uocpeooeaiUu: B. HIDKe, 1.115.8.) 1.115.4. M3Be,neHH~e o,n npH,neBCKHX OCHOBa rOTOBO yseK 3Haqe oco 6HHY O,nHOCHO CTae.e: AYKaeciUeo, AaKoMcilieo, Heea.IbaAciUeo, caepUleH ciUeo, 6ozaiUciUeo, iiujaHciUeo, oociUojoHciUeo, o(j)eiUu/bcmeo HT.n;. M3 OCHOBe OTna,na Cy
«
97 ,[laHac ca'lYBaHO CaMO y H3pa3Y iio MozylicUi6Y.
«
188
TBop6a peQH y CaoPCMCHOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
«
CY
«
M./bue), lby6ouuilicilieo lby6ouuiliIbue), He3Hatlawilieo He3Hatla'lKU). Y OOCYCilieO H upucycilieo 'lKpTBOBaH je He CaMO CyqlHKC Hero H 3aBpWHO -ili H3 OCHOBe, "YCJIe.n HaroMHJIaHOCTH 3y6HHX cyrJIaCHHKa" (CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:108). HHaqe ce qYBa rpyna \;ilicilieo (KMeilicilieo, 6pailicilieo), na H -Hilicilieo y pe'lHMa c1'paHor nopeKna (UolluiliuKaHilicilieo, KauuiliYllauili cilieo, oucuoeHilicilieo), Ma.na ce y TeKCTOBHMa HepeTKO cpeny HeCTaH.nap.n He rpaqlHje THna UOlluiliUKaHcilieo.
3Ha'lelbe aKTHBHOCTH HMaMO caMO y 3aKOHOOaecilieo (Morno 6H 6HTH H o.n HMeHHue 3aKoHOOaea'll) H y cilipetbawilieo (o.n Cilipetba'lKU), 3Ha'lelbe YCTaHOBe caMO y HaOllewilieo. CneUHq,H'IHe ceMaHTH'IKe npOMeHe .nenOBa JIe cy Ha pe'lH MHowilieo (MOrJIO 6H 6HTH H oJ( MHOZO, Y KOM cnY'lajy je je .nHHa H3Be.neHHlla o.n npHJIOra), upocilipaHcilieo ('lewhe y 3HaQelbY 'BenHKH npOCTOp' Hero 'npOC1'paHOCT'), uHocilipaHcilieo H CJI.
1.115.5. O.n npHcBojHHx npH.neBa Ha -oe/-ee ymaBHoM cy pe'lH ca 3HaqeIf,eM BJIaCTH (weq;oecilieo, 6ezoecilieo) O.!:{HOCHO TepHTOpHje (KpaJbee cilieo, KHexeecilieo, zpoq;oecilieo - aJIH Y OBOM 3Ha'lelbY '1ewne zpoq;oeu ja). Pe'lH o.n npH.neBa Ha -UH 03HaqaBajy nopoJ(H'IHe o.nHoce: Maj'lUHCilieo, MailiepuHcilieo, MahexuHciUeo, o'luHciUeo, cecilipuHciUeo. I1oce6Ho 3Ha'le If,e HMa za3ouHcilieo. 1.115.6. O.n rJIarOJICKOr TpnHor npH.!:{eBa cy uOCllaHcilieo, U3aCllaH cilieo, U3zHaHciUeo, upozHaHciUeo, upoKlleiUciUeo, a q,OPMaJIHO H 6Ila:JICeH cilieo (Ma.na je 6lla:JICeH J(aHac npaBH npHJ(eB) H U03HaHCiUeo (Ma.na npHJ(eB .naHac rJIaCH ii03HaiU a He a03HaH). 1.115.7. Ca CJIO'lKeHHM oCHoBaMa, nope.n OHHX Koje CMO Beli nOMeHY JIH y 1.115.4, HMaMO .nBa.neCeTaK pe'lH. Ma.na o.n HCTHX OCHOBa 06H'IHO no CTOjH H nomen agentis Ha -(a)'II (ciUuxoilieopcilieo, 6a3oyxoUiloecilieo, MO peUiloecilieo, He3Ha6owilieo, MHOzo6owilieo, 6paKolloMcilieo, jeoHo:JICeH ciUeo, oeoxeHcilieo, euwe:JICeuciUeo, MHozoxeHciUeo, ceulbozojciUeo, KO Ibozojcilieo HT.n.) HJIH Ha J(pyre cyq,HKce (KpueoKlleiliHuK - KpueoKlleili cilieo, 006P0'lUHUiUetb - 006P0'lUHCilieo, Klbuzoeolja Klbuzoeoocili60, pa 'lyHoeolja - pailYHoeoocilieo HT.n.), HeMaMO pa3JIora .na anC1'paKTHy HMeHH llY H3BO.nHMO H3 areHTHBHe, Hero H jeJ(He H .npyre nOCMa1'paMO Kao paBHO npaBHe CnO'lKeHHlle. I1oroTOBY TO Ba'lKH 3a 61lazopoocilieo H upeopoocilieo, r.ne o.n HCTHX OCHOBa nOCTojH jow caMO npHJ(eB (6IlaZOpooaH) O.nHOCHO 1'pnHH npH.neB (iipeopoljeH). I1peq,HKCaJIHO-cyq,HKcanHe TBOpeHHue cy iiOKyhcili60 H iipeu Mylicilieo, npH qeMY ce OBa .npyra TeWKO .na MOTHBHcaTH, 6y.nyhH .na je qH CTH pYCH3aM (npeUMyU/ecmeo). He 6HCMO 3a I1CT cMa1'paJIH OHe Kao iio Mopcilieo HnH HeeGJepciUeo, H3Be.neHe H3 HMeHHue OJ(HOCHO npH.neBa.
189
1.115.8. O.n rnarona je H3BeCTaH 6poj pe'DI Koje 3Ha'le nOHMeHH'IeHY Pa.!:{If,y, Kao y6ucilieo, YMopcilieo, U3oajciUeo, oe:xcypcilieo (Morno 6H 6HTH H o.n npH.!:{eBa Oe:JICypaH), iiocpeocilieo (cKpaneBa oCHoBa), iiOKllOHciUeo ca CnO'lKeHHUOM uOOIlOUoKlloHcilieo, npeTe'lKHO 3acTapeno 6uecilieo. E{j)eKc ilieo 6HCMO MOPaJIH H3BO.nHTH HnH o.n HeKIf,H'lKeBHOr 6(j)ezailiu, HnH o.n OCHOBe npeq,HKCaJIHHX rJIaroJIa Ha -6GJeliu « -6[j}ez-iliU), HnH naK o.n HMeHHue 6(uj)ez, Ma.na je OHa H caMa .neBep6aJI (6a6Hh 1991 :278 Ka'lKe 3a 6jeKciUeo "Ta pHjeQ HHje y xpBaTCKOMe KIf,H'lKeBHOM je3HKY jep 3Ha'lH HCTO WTO H 6ujez"). Ca onpe.nMeheHHM 3Ha'leaHMa cy HaCileocilieo (-Clbeo cilieo), yciUpojcilieo, paciUpojciUeo, pYKoeoociUeo, 3aciliyiiciUeo, yiiyiliciUeo H .naHac HeMOTHBHCaHO 'lyecilieo (Kao H 'lYIlO, .nOJIa3H o.n 'lyiliu y HeKa,Qa WlbeM 3Ha'leay 'ocehaTH'). HeMOTHBHcaHo je ikjciUeo (no CKOKY o.n "npa cnaB. oejailiu": ynpaBo HenocTojaae Tor marona y cpnCKOM .nOBeno je .no nOTpe6e 3a HaKHa,QHHM cTBapaaeM J(eHoMHHaJIa oejciUeoeawu). 1.115.9. O.n 3aMeHH'IKe OCHOBe je ceojciUeo. Y q,MJI030q,CKOj TepMH HOJIOrHjH jaBJLajy ce Hjacweo HJIH couciUeo KaO nOKywajH .na ce npeBe.ny cTpaHH TepMHHH das Ich, ego, self H cn. 1.115.10. O.n OCHOBe 36HpHor 6poja cy oeojciUeo H iUpojciUeo, o.n pe.nHor 6poja upeeHcilieo (ca HCTHM npOWHpeH>eM Kao y iipeeHa'll: no CKO Ky .nona3H o.n HeKa.nawaer npH.neBa iipeeH, nOCBe.nO'leHOr KO.n CTYJIHja). MO'lKeMO TY .no.naTH HjeouHciUeo, 6y.nyhH.na ce no 3Ha'leay He MOTHBHwe npHJ(eBoMjeouHu Hero 6pojeMjeoaH (CKOK nOMHlbe aeroB CTBPHjH 06nHK jeoUH) . CJIO'lKeHH Cyq,HKCH:
1.115.11. -AHCTBO. HaCTao cnajaaeM -aH H -ciUeo (y pe'lHMa Kao 00 ciliojaHcilieo, uujaHciUeo, 0p:JICaelbaHciUeo), npeHeT je 3aTHM H y 60:JICaH cilieo, 'loe{j)e'laHciUeo (KaKo HCTH'Ie nopQHli 1936, paHHjH 061IHUH 6MJIH cy 6owiUeo, 'loe(j)ewilieo, npeMa cTBpOCnoB. 60:JICbCiUeo, 'I.II06#;'lbCiUeo, WTO je OH.na .naJIO H 6o:JICaciUeo, '106e'lacili(0), a TaKO H iipOpO'laHciUeo, ce(j)eOo'laHciUeo, uY'laHciUeo, o{j)e6U'laHCilieo, MY:JICaHCWeO, cyiipY:JICaH cilieo, KailioIlU'laHCilieo, MecujaHcilieo, K)lhallciUeo (PeTKH cy iioK)lhaHciUeO 'noKYliCTBo' H YK)lliaHciUeo 'YKynaHH' HJIH 'HOB'IaHa HaKHa.na 3a KYliy'), 6IlaOUilaIlCWeO; o.n npH.!:{eBCKHX OCHOBa cy THT)'JIe euco'laHciUeo H eetlu 'lallcilieo. Je.!:{HHO y oiUailaciUeo HHje J(OWJIO .no y6allHBaH.a -H- (oiUallaH cweo HaJIa3HMO y PMC npeHeTO H3 BYKoBor Pje'lHHKa, 6e3 llHTBTa, ca 03HaKOM ,,3acT."). KaKo ce BHJ(H H3 HaBe.neHHX npHMepa, OCHOBa je CBy.na naJIaTaJIH30BaHa.
1.115.12. CJIO'lKeHH Cyq,HKC -HHCTBO HaCTBO je o.n npHcBojHor -UH H -cweo. ,lJ;OJIa3H y Maj'lUHciUeo, MawepullciUeo, MahexuHciUeo, o'luHciUeo (r.ne je npHcBojHH npH.!:{eB O'lUH .naHaC 3acTapeo, aJIH je pe'l nOJ(p'lKaHa aHa
191
TBop6a PC'IH Y CaBpeMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cyc!ulKcaUlija
JIOrnjoM ca MaI'luHciU(Jo), ceciUpUHciU(JO, a no aHaJIOrHjH C ILHM H 6paiUuH ciU(Jo, Koje npeMa PMC 3Ha'lH HJIH '(no)6paTHMCTBO' HJIH '6paTOBWTHHa'. OBaMO cna,na H Za30UHciU(Jo, na MO)K,Qa H oOMaliullciU(Jo, 6Y)l,ynH )l,a ce no 3Ha'leIhY BHwe Be3yje 3a nojMoBe OOM H OOManU Hero 3a OOManUll. HapaB HO, pe'lH Kao H06UHCiU(Jo, ciUapeUlUHciU(Jo H CJIH'IHe HMajy Cyq,HKC -ciU(Jo.
HOBor nOCTaILa (cHUMaiUeJb, 600UiUeJb, yzociUuiUeJb H CJI.). He TPeGa, )l,a KJIe, CYMlhaTH y BHTaJlHOCT H npoJJ.YKTHBH9CT cyq,HKca -iUeJb y cprrcKoM. C )l,pyre cTPaHe, OH HHnowTO He Mox<e GMTH TaKO "Hapo)l,aH H )l,MHaMH'IaH" KaKBHM cy ra npHKalHBaJIH XPBaTCKH JIHHrB~CTH, jep HMa 6el6poj CHHO HHMCKHX napOBa THna HOCUJIatf - HOCUiUeJb,OCl106ooUJIatf - OC/lo600u iUeJb, "luiUaAatf - "luiUaiUeJb, "lU/lUJIatf - 'lUHuiUeJb, r)l,e je BapHjaHTa Ha -1I(a)tf HopMaJIHa a OHa Ha -iUeJb peTKa, KIJ,HWKa IfllH laCTapena. MCTH O)l, HOC BH)l,HMO M Y CJIY'lajeBHMa ceMaHTH'IKe HJlH CTHJICKe )l,Hq,epeHlI.Hjau.Hje Kao CiU60puiUeJb - ciU6apaAatf, ciiacuiUeJb (C-) ciiaclUzatf, cuucaiUeJb uucatf H CJIH'IHO. Hajla)l., HHje cJlyqajHo WTO y npaBHoj TepMHHoJlorHjH jow nocTOje 06JIHlJ.H Ha -iUeJb (iUyxuiUeJb, ZOHuiUeJb, 6paHuiUelb, upa(Jo6paHu iUeJb, ciUapaiUeJb, 3a(J[jjeUliUaiUeJb, yC6ojuiUeJb, U3MUpuiUeJb, U3(J[jjeciUu iUeJb, 3ajMoiUpa:JICUiUeJb MT)l,.) KojH ce ynOTPe6JLaBajy HanOpe)l,O C aJITep HaTHBHHM oGJIHlJ.HMa Ha -lIatf·
190
1.116. Cyq,HKC -TeJL C 063HpOM Ha TO )l,aje YMepeHO npO)l,yKTHBaH, )l,a He H3alHBa HHKaKBe q,OHeTCKe npOMeHe H )l,a HMa npaKTH'IHO caMO je)l, HO 3Ha'leIhe - npHBYl\ao je MO)K,Qa H Beny nIDKIhy Hero WTO 3aCJI)')Kyje. Uope)l, 036HJLHHX H 06jeKTHBHHX HCTpIDKHBaIhll, KaKBa cy PHCTHn C. 1982, PHcTHn C. 1983 H Tep3Hn E. 1999:65-74, 75-83, TY je 6HJIO H HanHca noJ!. cTaKHYTHX BHwe nOJIeMH'IKHM Hero Hay'lHHM noGY)l,aMa. UPBH nOBO)l, npy X
1.116.1. nrulO Roja pe'l Ha -iUeJb Mox<e ce OnHCaTH Kao 'IHCTH nomen agentis, Ma)l.a nOKaTKa)l. MOTHBalJ.Hja Mox<e 6MTH laMyneHa 360r Hey06H'Ia jeHor oGJIHKa rJlarOJIa, Kao y :JICUiUeJb, c6eiUuiUeJb, cuucaiUeJb, peouiUetb, UOKP06UiUeJb (pycH3aM), HJlH l60r ceMaHTH'IKOr nOMepaILa Kao y upuja iUeJb, HeUpujaiUeJb, pOouiUetb. BeJIHKa BenHHa H3Be)l,eHHlJ.a OlHa'laBa JLy.n:cKa 6Hha, ca lHa'leILeM "CTBapHor BPWHOlJ.a pa)l,ILe", KaKO KIDKe PHCTHn C. 1982:203, H TO Haj'le wne "ancTPaKTHHX JJ.YX0BHHX Pa)l.ILH" (HCTO, 196). TaKBe cy pe'lH xpaHU iUeJb, ciUapaiUeJb, upoc(Jlj)eiUuiUetb, lby6uiUeJb, zpaOuiUeJb, uCtf(j)e.n.uiUeJb, U3YMUiUeJb, C/ly:JICUiUeJb, 06HO(JuiUeJb, uO"luuuiUeJb, ycpenuiUeJb, x6aAuiUeJb, iU(j)eUlUiUeJb, MP3UiUeJb, upe3upaiUeJb, MY'luiUeJb, iliIIa'luiUeJb, pYUluiUeJb, HapYUlUiUeJb, upeKpUlUiUeJb, YHUUliUuiUeJb, upoZOHuiUeJb, uciUpe6uiUeJb, fipoue6(j)epuiUeJb, K6apuiUeJb, yupouaciUuiUeJb, U36(j)eciUuiUeJb, yjeouHu iUeJb, Y3zajaiUeJb, MOIIUiUeJb HT)l,. 3HaTHO je MaILe HalHBa3aCnell.Hq,H'IHa3aHHMaILlI, KaOY'luiUeJb, KPO iUuiUeJb, YKpoiUuiUeJb, CHUMaiUeJb, yzociUuiUetb, yUpaeuiUeJb (06H'IHO CWO WKOJIe, )l,OMa H CJI.), UOC/ly:JICUiUeJb (WKOJICKH), U36pUluiUeJb (CY)l,CKH), y HO BHje BpeMe 600uiUeJb Kao TCJIeBH3HjcKH TepMHH. Ben nOMeHy-rHM npaBHHM TCpMHHHMa Mox<eMO )l,O)l,aTH H HeKe HeOJIOrHlMe la nO'lHHHOlJ.e KpHBH'IHHX )l,eJIa, Kao clUlO(JaiUeJb (B. KnajH 1992) HJIH oaeuiUetb (HcnpBa nO)l,CTal\HYTo npeBoljeILeM HmHca 0 CTPaHHM KpHMHHaJIHHM cnyqajeBHMa Kao WTO je 6HO aMepH'IKH the Boston Strangler). Y u.pKBeHOM pe'lHHKY O)l,aBHO je YCTaJLeHO CfiacuiUeJb Kao HalMB la XpHCTa H KpciUuiUetb la CBeTor JOBaRa. C HeX
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
192
Cy<jJHKcaQHja
193
iUeJb (06wIH0 Y H3PaJY HajMa}-bU 3ajeoHU'lKU c.), y3 TO H uOKa3aiUeJb, KOjH y HOBHje BpeMe ycneulHo npeBO.nH ryl)HUe UHOeKC, UHOUI./uja HJlH uapaMeiUap.
aTH3aM (pycKor nOpeKJla) 3aoalia. 0 noce6HoM CyqlHKCY -lia rOBopHO je Ben MapeTHh 1963:319, IlITO je .naHalliaeM je3H'IKoM ocenaay 6J1H)f(e Hero HaJHBaTH OBe pe'lH H3Be.neHHuaMa o.n HHqlHHHTHBa nOMony cyqlHKca -ia, 1.116.2. Ca OBHM CyqlHKCOM je carpal)eH H H3BeCTaH 6poj CJlO)f(eHHua, ca HMeHHUOM y npBoM .lleJly, Kao 6pooo~paOuiUeJb, 006P0'lUHUiUeJb, Kylie KaKO '1HHH Ea6Hn 1991 :326. BH.nH H -alia (1.22). ua3uiUeJb, iU(j)eJlOXpaHUiUeJb, POOOCK6PH~iUeJb, olj)el./OCK6pHUiUeJb, upa6o Kao CyqlHKC M)'llIKor po.na -lia .nOJlaJH y HeKHM XHnOKopHCTHUHMa o.n 6paHuiUe./b HT.n.; yn. H HCTOPHjCKH TepMHH yciUa606paHUiUeJbu. OHe no HMeHa, KOjH cy Kao H 06H'IHO .nBOCJlO:>KHH H C .nyroY:3JIaJHHM aKn;eHTOM: Tu CTpyKTypH BapHpajy H3Mel)y .nBOHMeHlf'IKe CJlO)f(eHHue H CJlO:>KeHo-cyqlHK lia, cPulia, Mulia, )[{ulia (Kao pelja BapHjaHTa y3 )[{uKa, )[{Ul/e), Kulia (no M. CaJIHe (110 + fo + -iUe.,'b), aJIH cy yrnaBHoM 6J1H)f(e OBOj .npyroj: 'luuuiUeJb fpKoBHn "o.n KHnpHjaH, KHPHJI HT.n.", aJIH .naHac 06H'IHO 6e3 rJlaCOBHe Be HJlH Ua3uiUeJb TelliKO .na 6H ce ynOTpe6HJlH y caBpeMeHoM je3HKY BaH CJlO 3e ca 3BaHH'lHHM HMeHoM), Eolia ("o.n Eor.naH, EO)f(H.l(ap HT.n.") H jOIli no )f(eHHue, a y pe'lH iU(j)eJlOXpaHUiUeJb, Kojaje pYCH3aM, OCHOBa xpauu- HeMa KojeM. cBoje y06wlajeHo 3Ha'leIhe.
0)]. 3aMeHHue H rnaroJla je BepCKH H3PaJ c6eOpXuiUeJb.
1.118. CyqlHKC -lie CJlY)f(H 3a rpaljeae rJlaroJlCKHX HMeHHua, Kao H -}-be (B. 1.97 H .llalbe). Y npHHUHny, CBe IlITO CMO peKJIH 3a -}-be Ba)f(H H 3a oBaj CyqlHKC, OCHM IlITO Ha -lie HMa .llaJIeKO MaIhe pe'lH (jep cy H TpnHH KOM6HHoBaIha C .npyrHM cyqlHKcHMa. PHcTHn C. 1983 je Ha6pojaJIa TaKBe npH.l(eBH Ha -iU 3HaTHO peljH o.n OHHX Ha -H). JOIli je.nHa paJJlHKa TH'Ie ce KOM6HHaUHje y '1eTHpH BpcTe pe'lH: ancTpaKTHe HMeHHue Ha -iUeJbciU60, rJlarOJlCKOr BH.l(a. ,n;OK ce -}-be, Kao IlITO 3HaMO, MO)f(e jaBHTH rOTOBO Y3 CBa HMeHHue )f(eHCKOr po.na Ha -iUeJbuI./a H -iUeJbKa, npHcBojHe npH.neBe H npH .neBe Ha -iUeJbCKii, npHJlOre Ha -iUeJbCKU, rnaroJle THna Y'lUiUeJbe6aiUu, upu KH HeCBpllIeHH rJlarOJl, a CaMO y3 MaaH 6poj cBpllIeHHX, -lie yrJlaBHOM .no JlaJH Ha OCHOBe cBpllIeHHx rJlafOJla (ory.na CBe OBe pe'lH HMajy .nyroY3J1a jaiUeJb06aiUu, upujaiUeJbuiUu ce H CJI. 3HH aKueHT Ha CJlory Hcnpe.n cyqlHKca). O.n HeCBpweHHX rnafOJla je.l(HHe Meljy IhHMa cy CBaKaKO Haj3Ha'lajHHjH MOUHOHH 06J1HUH C.no.naTKOM 06H'IHHje pe'lH cy 6ulie, uulie, YM{uj)elie, 'le.3Hylie, y3 .naHac peTKO Ululie H cyqlHKca -uI./a O.nHOCHO -Ka, 6y.nynH .na o.n nomina agentis Ha -llal./ TaKBa xulie (o.n upKBeHOCJlOB. :JICUiUuje, :JICUiUbe, npeMa CKOKY). MOIJ;Hja HHje Moryna (-Ka ce KO.n IhHX He ynOTpe6JbaBa, a .llO.llaBaIheM -uI./a Meljy HMeHHuaMa o.n cBpllIeHHx rJlaroJla HajBHllIe HX je o.n rJlaroJla .n06Hjajy ce HMeHHue He)f(HBOr 3Ha'leIha Kao CIlyulaIluI./a, XeiUeJlUlla H Ha -HyiUU, a 3HaTHO MaIhe o.n OHHX Ha -uiUu H -eiUu. AHaJIOrHO OHOM WTO CJI.). OTy.na je Ben CTeBaHOBHn 1964 1:540 HCTHuao npHMepe MOIIUiUeJbKa, CMO BH.neJlH KO.n 06J1HKa Ha -}-be, BenHHa HMeHHua HaCTaJIa je O.ll TpnHor iUyxuiUeJbKa, CUaCUiUeJbKa (HacnpaM MOIIUl/al./, iUyxUl/al./, cuaCUl/al./). 113 npH.l(eBa .no.naBaaeM cyqlHKca -ie, aJIH HX je no aHaJIOrnjH CTBopeHO .nOCTa rpalje KOjy je npHKynHJla PHCTHneBa Mory ce .no.naTH jOIli MHorH .npyrH :>KeHCKH 06J1HUH Kao 'luiUaiUeJbKa, CIlYUlaiUeJbKa, 2IleOaiUeJbKa, upe600U H o.n HenpeJlaJHHX rJlaroJla: YM{uj)elie, 'le.3Hylie, c6aHylie, yzullylie, UUl'le 3Hylie, upezHylie H TaKO .nalbe. iUeJbKa, uoc(j)eiUuiUeJbKa (CBe HacnpaM MaCKYJlHHYMa Ha -1I[aJI./: He pa'ly HaMO OHe THna lby6uiUeJbKa, r.lle H MaCKYJlHHYM HMa -iUeJb). 06J1HK -iUeJbu 1.118.1. 113Be.neHHUe Haj'lelline 3Ha'le cBpllIeHY pa.nay O.nHOCHO '1HH: I./a .naHac je peljH ('1eCTO ce ocena Kao xpBaTCKH): HaJIaJHMO ra npe CBera y 3aY3elie, U3Y3elie, oOcU(uj)elie, upucu{uj)elie, 3a'lelie, upollulie (npe CBera y HeKOJlHKO Tpa.nHUHOHaJIHHX pe'lH Kao Y'luiUeJbuI./a, upujaiUeJbuI./a, JUpa6U CJlO:>KeHHUH KP60upOllulie), C6pzHylie, C1C/lU3Hylie, UC1C/lU3Hylie, pacKUHylie, iUeJbuI./a, HeZ06aiUeJbuI./aI}-be- (YCTalbeHO Kao nomen professionis, .nOK 6H CMaKHylie, oiUpmylie, uciUpzHylie, pacUYKHylie, uUl'le.3Hylie, Y6eHylie, yza HeZ06aiUeJbl}-be- MOrJlO HMaTH caMO anCTpaKTHO 3Ha'leIhe). 1.Jelline cy -iUe cHylie, yiUpHylie, UOiUoHylie, uopuHylie, ci1IlacHylie, 3a.Mp3Hylie, c6aHylie, lbuI./a H -iUeJbKa y aJITepHaUHjH, Kao y MY'luiUeIbKal-uI./a, uO'luHuiUeJb 6acKpcHylie, YCKpcHylie HT.n. 3Ha'leae CTaaa HJlH pe3YJlTaTa pa.nae npeo Kal-uI./a, zpaOUiUeJbKal-uI./a, UOKp06uiUeIbKal-uI./a, iU(j)eUluiUeIbKal-uI./a, BJla.naBa y pe'lHMa Kao uOKpulie, Haoa:C1tylie, zalrylie, iUpoHylie, 1C/loHylie, 060Xa6aiUeJbKal-uI./a, cUaCUiUeJbKaI-UI./a H CJI. Bpe.nH 3anaJHTH .na cy CJlO O'l6pcHylie, OiU6poHylie, YllezHylie, yzaHylie, OOciUuz1t)llie, uociUuzHylie H CJI. )f(eHHIJ;e OOMoyupa6UiUeJbuI./a H OOMoyciUpojuiUeJbKa y PMC 3a6eJle)f(eHe 3a OiUKpulie PMC .naje caMO HMeHH'IKY .neqlHHHUHjy 'OHO 1llT0 je oTKpHBe caMO y TOM 06J1HKY, 6e3 o.nrOBapajyner MaCKYJlHHYMa. HO, npOHaJIaJaK, caJHaIhe', aJIH HeMa cyMae .na Ta pe'l MO)f(e 03Ha'iaBaTH H 1.116.3. Ba)f(HOCTH cyqlHKca -iUeJb .nonPHHOCH H IherOBa BeJlHKa Mon
1.117.
-na ce
OCaMOCTaJIHJlO Kao CyqlHKC, y H3Be.neHHuaMa o.n rJla rOJlCKe OCHOBe oalia, Heoalia, oo(j)elia, o6ylia; HCTOM THny npHna.na H KpO
'1HH (Hnp. iupu zoouHe uOClle OiUKPUIia AMepuKe, KOlly",6o ... H CJlH'IHO). Pa36ulie je - BepoBaTHo no.n YTHuajeM CHHOHHMa pa360j Hpa36uiUaK, aJIH H YCJle.n 3Ha'leaa caMor rJlaroJla - H3ry6HJ1o nepIPeKTHBHOCT, TaKO .lla ca
194
TBop6a pC'1Il
CY~HlKcal(lIja
YC3apCMCJlOM CPllCKOM jC311KY
CBIiM HOPMaJlHO 3By'lC CIiHTaI'Me KaO UiOKOM pa3(WnU XU6UX OpZUHtl3aMU Ii CnH'IHO. qliCTO HMeHH'iKO 3lIa'lefbe CTeKnII cy pacuene, upeiJyselie, a jC}l HIiM }lenOM cBoje ynoTpc6e H HMnep
1.119. Cy
1.120.1. -lJyra je npourlipeJ-be cy
195
pe'lHIiK CARY ep'lyza "norp}l. Epa, y)J(Hqamm" H /,taw'lYzu ("ayrM. H nej. 0).1, MileT", }laTO y HCTOj O,l.\pe).l,HIil(H ca MUlU'llmU H MUW'lYPU).
\ 1.121. -Y)i("S ce jaBJJ>a Kao nejopaTHBHIi Cy$HKC y /louyxa (0).1, cKpa heHe oCHoBe), a Kao BapHjaHTa 0).1, -yza Y Katbyxa H y iiplbyxa (= uplbyza, upIbYlua).
1.122. -YJJ> ).I,Ona3H Ha npH).I,eBCKe OCHOBe y Opazylb H Y MOiJpYIb (OBO ).I,pyro je no PMC Ha3HB 3a ).I,Be palJlH'IHTe pl16e, HJIIi 3a THpKH3, ).I,parli Ka MeH "Mo).l,pHKaCTc 60je"). PMC 6eJIe)KH jour ).I,Ba-TPII pCTKa I1JlH nOKpajHH CKa H3pa3a Kao KPU6Ylb (BpCTa 60pa), MPKYIb (MOpCKlf nayK, TaKolje rnli~a), 6piliYlb (BHXOp, IinH ).I,eo 3anpe)KHHX Kona) HT).I,. 1.123. -Yn.a je Cy
196
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
iUYlba ce ,naHaC HapO,nHOM enfMOnorHjoM Be3yje 3a rnaron 'luiilaiUu, Ma,na je 3anpaBO HCTOr nOpeKna KaO H lfeOYlba (O,n n!lT. schedula).
1.124. Cy$HKC -YH je no CKOKY cTapH cnoBe~cKH $opMaHT, nOHer,ne MO:>K,na YKpmTeH C ,nanMaTHHCKHM -Ylt o,n HTanHjaHcKor ayrMeHTaTHBHor cy$HKca -one (Kao y 60lfY1l 'fiolla, fianoH'). HanalHMO ra CKOPO HCK.lI>yqH BO Y cTapHM H Mano n03HaTHM peqHMa, Kao KOXylt 'KO:>KYX', zopyll 'BpcTa xpacTa', CKOKYII (BpCTa HHceKTa KOjH CKa'le), o,n npH,neBCKHX OCROBa 6oza iUYIl 'fioraTam', 3eKYIt '3eKaH, 3eKaCT KOlb', 6llazYIt, lbyUiYIt, C/laoYIt (fiH.lI> Ke), o,n rJIarOJIaMa3YIl 'palMa:>KeHKO', Z/laoYH 'oRaj KOjH ce rna.nH, KHuom' (03Ha'leHO Kao nOKpajHHcKo y PMC), upxyll 'np:>KHOHHK' (,npyro je ,nan MaTHHCKO iipxYIt '3aTBOp', o,n HTan. prigione). ll03HaTHja je caMO pe"! IlU CKyll, KOjy CKOK He fiene:>KH, anH Mopa fiHTH y Be3H ca IlUCUi HnH IlUCKa, fiy ,nyhH,na ce O,nHOCH Ha MHHepan 'IHjH ce KpHCTanH 'uenajy y $HHe nHCTHne' (PMC). Kao XHnOKopHCTH'IHH HMeHCKH Cy$HKC -YH ce jaB.lI>a y XHnOKopHCTH UHMa EOZYH, MU/lYIt, MunYH, PaoYIl, MaUiYIt, o,n KOjHX cy H ,nofipo 3HaHa npe3HMeHa Ha -oeun.
1.125. Cy$HKC -yp je He,nBOCMHcneH caMO y pe'lH KOciUyp. TOMe ce MO:>Ke ,no,naTH jom HeKOJIHKO pe'lH y KojHMa MOTHBaUHja HHje TaKO jacHa, Kao 60xyp ("no CBOj npHnHUH: fiO:>KjH UBHjeT", TYMa'lHO je MapeTHh 1963:364, ca '1HM ce cna:>Ke H CKOK no,n 6ozaUi), Mlj)exyp (o,n M[Uj]ex), KO Uiyp ("KopHjeH HCTH, KOjH y: KO-ra'l" no MapeTHhy). CacBHM cy HeyofiH'Ia jeHe ,naHac KOXYP 'KO:>KYX' H o,n rnaronCKHX OCHOBa opxiUyp ',npxTaBHua' H jexyp ',nPXTaj je3e': OBe ,nBe fiH Morne fiHTH H C HynTHM Cy$HKCOM o,n rnarona opxUiypuUiu O,nHOCHO jexypuUiu ceo 1.126. -Ypa 1 je ayrMeHTaTHBHo-nejopaTHBHH Cy$HKC. oene:>KHMO ra fipojeM 1 ,na fiHCMO ra palnHKOBanH o,n -ypa2 (-ypa), naTHHCKor nopeKna, C KOjHM HeMa HH'fer 3aje,nHH'IKor (H3HeHa~yje mTO HX Hana3HMO H3MemaHe y pa.ny neuo 1996, MeTO,nOM KOjH fiH npe fiHO cBojcTBeH oafiHny). -Ypa H3a 3HBa $oHeTCKe npoMeHe $HHanHor -K (ceJbalt'lypa), -If (iiujall'lypa), -CK (lbyzuUiypa) H -cUi (KozuiUypa, KOZU'lypa; y pe'lHHKy CAHY H 6ollezu'lypa). O,nHOCH ce KaKO Ha .lI>y,ne (oO}eeoj'lypa, aUzalt'lypa, Maj'lypa) TaKO H Ha He:>KHBe nojMoBe (KozuiUypa o,n KOCT, Z/laeypa nope,n 'Iemner Z/laeypoa). Ko,n OBHX ,npymx nOKaTKa.n YMecTo ayrMeHTauHje HMaMO npoMeHY 3Ha'fe fba, Kao y lbyzuiUypa, Koxypa 'cBHfbCKa KO:>Ka', lly6ypa 'cy,n o,n Kope MJIa ,nor ,npBeTa' (o,n lly6 y 3Ha'leFbY 'Kopa '), 6a6ypa ('BpcTa KpynHe nanpHKe', jom neT 3Ha'lefba y PMC: CeMaHTH'IKa Be3a HHje jacHa, anH CKOK nOTBp~y-
Cy$HKCaL\Hja
197
je,naje y OCHOBH peq 6a6a). llejopaTHB zaoypa Morao fiH fiHTH o,n HMeHHue KlIH o,n npH,neBa. O,n marona je uoiiuzuypa = nonHllIY.lI>a.
1.126.1. -qypa je Morno HaCTaTH no aHanorHjH ca ayrMeHTaTHBH Ma-nejopaTHBHMa Ha -ypa Kao llITO cy o(j)eeoj'lypa, aUZaH'lypa. ce/ball'ly pa. HanalHMO ra npe CBera y KaMell'lypa H y HeKonHKO pe~Hx pe'lH Koje pe rHCTpyje pe'lHHK CAHY: MaZU'lypa (B. rope), 6olletu'lypa, KOW'lypa ("aYI'M. H nej. o,n KOCKa H KOCT", ca ,nBa UHTaTa). O,n npH,neBCKe OCHOBe je Ilelt'lypa (lbe-), y PMC ,naTO 3aje,nHO ca llell'lyza. 1.127. AyrMeHTaTHBHo-nejopaTHBHH Cy$HKC -YPAa jaB.lI>a ce npBeH CTBeHO y Z/lQ6ypoa, pY'lypoa H ltoxypoa, y3 nOHeKH pe~H 06mfK Kao 6a 6ypoa (= fiafieTHHa, PMC), Kfbuxypoa, Kocypoa (y peqHHKY CAHy), olla 'lypoa, uW'lypoa (KO,n oa6Hna 1991 :334). O,n npH,neBCKe OCHOBe je 6a/la eypoa 'fianaBau'. llanaTanH3allHje K > 'l HZ> X Y peqHMa Kao pY'lypoa H ltoxypoa CBaKaKO HHCy onpaB,nafbe ,na ce rOBopH 0 Cy$HKCY -jypoa, KaKO TO '1HHe MapeTHh H J:ia6Hn. J:ie3 cyMfbe je y npaBy CTeBaHOBHn (1964 1: 123; BH,nH H CTaKHn 1988 1:222) Ka.n Ka:>Ke,na cy OCHOBe py'l- H HOX- ,n06HjeHe aHanornjoM, O,nHOCHO npeyJeTe H3 ,npymx 06nHKa Kao nrro cy pY'leiUUHa, lloxeUiuHa. 1.128. -YcKapa HnH -ycKepa, nejopaTHBHH Cy$HKC, ,nonalH yrnas HOM caMO y 6a6ycKepa (pe~e -apa) H iioiiycKapa ("nej. on non", Y PMC C je,nffifM UHTaTOM). Pe'lHHK CAHY UMa H Z/laeycKepa, zpaoycKepa, a EafiHh 1991:120 6y6ycKapa, 6paoycKapa, eooycKapa. 1.129. CYIPHKC -y.. je HecYMfbHBO npHcyrnH caMO y ,naHac PeTKOM 06 nHKY iUpeltyUl. ETHMonOlliKU fiHCMO ra MomH Tpa:>KHTH H Y KOIlYUi (o,n KO Ilo), uepyUi (no CKOKY on uepo), iipxyUi (iipx- je no CKOKY HH:>KH npeBojHH crynafb o,n upax), anH ce Te pe'lH ,naHac ocenajy Kao npOCTe. Y OHOMaTO nejcKHM pe'lHMa lfuKYUi, iiUCKyUl, lfepKYUi, CPKJUi, ZUKPzyiil 3aBpmeTaK jaKO nH'IH Ha CYIPHKC, anH no H y cnyqajy -oui (1.106) Te HMeHHue cy ,neBepfia nH o,n rnarona Ha -yiUailiu, llITO 3Ha'lH ,na je Cy$HKC Y fLHMa HYJITH. 1.130. -YTHH je OHOMaCTH'IKH Cy$HKC KOjH ce jaB.lI>a caMO y IiMeHH Ma J(pazyUiulI, MIl.IlyUiult H y PeTKOM HzpyUiuH. 1.131. -Yx O,nHOCHO -yxje no CKOKOBHM peqHMa "Henpo,nyKTHBaH, He :>KHB Cy$HKC", KOjH jOlli MO)J(eMO npeno3Harn y OilYx (c jOToBafbeM) H KO xyx, eBeHT}'anHo H y peuyx (HalliB qernpH pa3JIH'IHTe 6H.lI>Ke, npeMa PMC). Y iiip6yx H y uaciiiyx (o,n uaciiiu) Cy$HKC ce BUllie He ocel'ia Kao TaKaB, ycne,n
199
TBop6a PC'lH Y CanpCMClIOM CpncKoMjC'JIIKY
Cycj>IIKcaUHja
qera OBa .lIpyra pel{ liMa If BapHjaH'I)' (06HtfHujy y Cp6uju) i'iaciiiY6. HeKa,na
Ha JKHBOTHa.e ce O,D,HOce .usa-TpM MOUHOHa 06JIHKa Kao Kepyma HJJH HCKa,D,allIl-be ajzup)'Ula 'Mna,D,a K06Hna', 3aTHM Ha3HB nTHue zpMylua, ja cwpe6yUla ' KOKOW 60jc Kao jacTpe6'. HeJKHBHX nojMoBa je MaJIO: ii(j)ecKY Ula (necKollHTa 3eMJba), UleliepYLUa (BcWTa'lKa paKHja), Kp~iiup)'Ula (nHTa o.u KpoMnHpa, s. I1cu.o 1995:153), y .uaHallll-bCM cncHry WaJhHBO iieoepYUla 'MYIllKa Top6Hua', YHHBep6aUHje cUKiUepYLUa (= CHKTCp-Ka$a) H Kap6uwy tUa (= Kap6HTHa naMna). T.MytUa ce ,D,aHaC ocena Kao npocTa pe'l, nOWTO je cerMCHT i'UM- (Ma,D,a ce jaBJba H y iUMulla) npeKpaTaK 3a OCHOBY·
198
Illa.e KOltJyX 'KOI-bYlllap' Ca'lYBaHo jc jOIll caMO Kao HMe nJJaHHHe.
1.132. -Yw UJlIt -yw_ce He jaBJba HH y je.u,Hoj n03HaTHjoj pe'iH. PMC 6eneJKH 2J1aoyUl 'rna.u,HHtta' (npeTCJKHO xpBaTCKa pe'l), peiiyUl Kao Ha3HB 6HJbKe (no CKOKY o.u,peiia), a o.u, npH.u,eBcKHx oCHoBa.MeKYUl (Ha3HB HHCCK Ta O.u,HOCHO 6HJbKe), TaKolje Y JKeHCKOM po.u,y JrteKYUl, -u 'MeKH .uCO Tena, MeKO TKHBO', CjOToBal-beM llP'bYUl (61iJbKa 3BaHa H llPlla iiipa6a). HCTH cY $HKC cc jaBJba H Y HeKonHKO .u,aHac Hcy06wtajeHHx HMCHa MU/lyUl, /1(Ja ltyUl, MOOpyUl (B. CTcBaHOBHn 1964' :563), a T'j BcpOBaTHO cnMa H lbezYlu. 1.133. -Yrua je BCOMa f1no.u,aH H eKcnpecHBaH Cy$HKC, KOMC cy CBH rpaMaTH'IapH nocBchHBaJIH 3acnYJKcHY naJKa.y, a nocc6Ho ra je HcupnHo 06pa.u.HO ACHM nettO y CBOjOj CT'j.uMjH H3 1995. MMa rOTOBO YBCK nejopa THBaH npH3ByK, HapO'lHTO H3paJKeH y MOUHOHHM H3Be.u,eHHuaMa H3 HMCHH ua MYIllKor po.u,a, Kao iipoCiiiaK)'lUa, zeaKYUla, OU6.fbaKYUla, MypoapyUla, 'leWHuKYUla, cO/loaiUYUla, xQIIOapYUla, z06eoapYUla H cn.; H3Y3eTaK jc o(j)e6epYUla, C nOMcpeHHM 3Ha'lCl-bCM '.u,eBojKa Koja npaTH Mna.u,y Ha BeH 'Iaa.c'. EOUll-baK)'lUa ':SocaHKa' BepoBaTHo je pemOnaJIH3aM (I1etto, CTp. 152, HaBo.u,H H J(y6/-baK)'Ula, JIu6lbaKytUa, Illbe6.fbaKYUla, y3 HanoMeHY: "OBaKaB HalfHH TBop6e eTHHKa 06H'IHHjH jc y jyJKHHM roBopHMa cx jC3HKa H T'j HC Mopa.ua 6y.ue npHcYTHa 6HJlO KaKoa CTHnCKa 060jcHOCT." Y Mo.u,ep HOM cncHry :SyrapcKH 200 I' :65-66 3a6cneJKHO jc H3pa3c Kao lUMiUepytUa 'JKCHa H3a llIaJITepa' HnH OMHJbeHO y Me.u,HjHMa ciiOll3opYUla (.u,eBojKa ca "cnoH30poM", Tj. Jby6aBHHKoM KOjH je H3.u,pJKaBa). O,D, CBHX OCTaJIHX H3BC.u,CHHtta, H no pO,D,y (MYllIKOM) H no 3Ha'iel-bY, o,D,y,D,apa TypK)'tUa 'npaBH TYP'lHH, TYPlfHH KOjH He 3Ha cpnCKH'. I1euo (CTp. 155) HCTHlfe ,D,a jc TO "T'jIjHua KOjy CMO MH, Y TOMC 06nHKY, npcy3enH H3 T'jpCKora je3HKa", Ma,D,a HHje caCBHM jacHo KaKO maCH T'jPCKH eTHMOH. Kao OHOMaCTH'IKH Cy$HKC -Ylua ,D,aHaC HHjc nonYJIapHO, aJIH ce BaJIa 3H y ,D,OCTa cTapHjHx JKCHCKMX HMCHa: AII~yUla, Je/I)'lUa, PaoYUla, Ilewpy Ula, BuoytUa H cn. no YCMCHOM CBC,D,O'laHCTBY Mp :SpallHCJIaBa Ep60pHha, Y HCTO'lHOj XcpuerOBHHH (onllITHHa Jhy6Hl-be) ,D,OCKOpa je 6HO 06H'Iaj .u,a ce -)'lUa ,D,O,D,aje Ha ,D,eBoja'lKo npe3HMe y,D,aTHX JKeHa, Hnp. DozYUla (O,D, DOZO), EYK6UftYUla (O,D, EYK6uft), 'ICCTO Ha OKpa.CHY OCHOBY Kao Y lJo/lyUla (O,D, lJo /luft), Eozoalt)'lUa (O,D, E020aIl06uli), Typal-byUla (O,D, Typal-ballUu) HT,D,.98 98 HeKollHKo ClIH'iHIIX npliMcpa HaBO.!lC II: ACHM netto. rOBOp UCmO'Ille Xepqe20BUlie (CpnCKH l{HjanCKTOllOWKH 36oPHIIK, XIV. 1964), CTp. 123; MHpocnaB HIiKOllllfl, lOBopu cp 6ujallcKo2 flORUM/ba (CpncKH l{HjaneKTOllOWKH 36oPHIIK, XXXVII, 1991), C'Tp. 364.
1.133.1. O,D, npH,D,eBCKHX OCHOBa cy HalHBH 3a JKeHC no $H3H'IKHM H KapaKTepHHM oc06HHaMa (iilla6YUla, zapa6)'Ula, oe6eJb)'lua ' ,D,e6eJJa JKCHCKa oc06a', aJbKa6ytUa), TaKO~e 3a Kpase HnH- ,D,pyre .uoMahc JKHBOTHa.e: puljy lua. MpKyUla, UlapeHytUa (KO,D, :Sa6Hna J986:312),poz)'Ula (0,D, npH,D,eBapO zaw, npe Hero o.u, HMeHHue).I1pHJ(eBCKe OCHOBe BepOBaTHO HMaMO y 6aKa pytUa (3BOHU.e HJ1H HOB'IHn: .ua je O,D, HMCHHue, OlfCKHBaJIH 6HCMO *6aKpy LUa) H y iieiie.rbYUla (6HJbKa). 1.133.2. ,lJ,oCTa je pelfH C rnaronCKOM OCHOBOM, HapO'lHTO y 03HaKaMa JKeHa no nOHalllau.y: 1Ia..'4uzytua, yciiuj)'Ula, z060pywa, wopOK)'tUa, 6p6Jb)' tua, 6/1e6eiUyUla. iipeeujYlua 'KanHnepKa', iiOl1uK)'Ula 'oHa IllTO nOUHKYje' (CTeBaHoBHli 1964 1:565) H CJJ. 'HMeHHI.\Y peiJ)'Ula TIeuo 1995:151 H3BO,D,H H3 rnarOJJa peouwu, CreBaHOBHn (Has. M.) H3 Hey06H'lajcHor peo06awu ("oHa JKeHa Y KyhH llITO pe,D,yje"), .rr.OK CKOK (s. v. -YtUa) KaJKe CaMO ,,peoywa npe Ma peoap M". Ha JKHBOTHa.e ce O,D,HOCC KpeKeiU)'Ula, 'lezpiU)'Ula (3BC'IapKa) H 300JIOWKH repMHH iiIIo8)'Ule 'rnHu.e Koje HMajy Ha HoraMa onHe 3a nnHBa a.e'. Y 6OTaHHlfKoj repMHHonornjH HaJIa3HMO iio6uj)'Ula, ca CJIH'iHHM 3Halfe a.eM H o6Ujytua, 3aTHM CMpO)'Ula (no PMC HalHB TPHjy pa3HHX '6HJbaKa; :Sy rapcKH 200I1:65 je 6CJIeJKH H Kao norp,D,HH HalHB 3a JKeHY) H .u,pyro. Kneiie wyUla he 6HTH OJ( rnarona, npc Hero O,D, HMeHHUC KAefiew. 3aHHMJbHSa je H3 BC,D,eHHua H3 HempaHor 06nHKa ueiiOMell)'Ule (.u,e'lje ocnc HnH KpaCTe, no PMC H .u,e'lje rnHCTe). 3a HajHoBHjH $aMHJIHjapHH pe'lHHK KapaKTCpHCrn'lHe cy H3Be,D,CHHu.e ca 3lta'leJ-beM pa,nl-be, npe CBcra ca'leK)llua 'y6HCTBO H3 3aCC ,D,e'; 6yrapcKH (HaB. M.) 6eneJKH H lIa6/laK)'lUa 'HaBJIalfCa.c y 3aMKY' M llUll Kap)'Ula HJlH iioiUKa3)'Ula 'nOnHu.HjcKa ,D,OCTaBa'. 1.133.3. O.u npHJ10ra je ociUpazytua 'nYIllKa lfHja cc ueB nyHH o.u,o cTpar'.
1.133.4. TIpc$HKcanHo-cY
201
TBop6a pe'!H y caBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy41HKCa.QHja
ICneplIa, fby6a6l1a HlIIi fby606l1a (06e cy, npeMa PMC, CI1HOHIiMIi 3a fby6a y 06a 3HaqeIba Te peqH - 'cynpyra' HlIIi '.Thy6aBHHl.l,a, .n:paraHa'), 36(j)eplIa, Kp6l1a, Cm6aplIa, HOnlla (H Hojlla), xenlla. M .n:aHac je y ynoTpe61i p(j)elJlla (11 KaO rpaMaTHqKH TepMHH), CaqYBaHO 360r nOTpe6e 1~a3J1I1KOBafba O.n: p(j)elJulia < p(uj)elCa. Bpulja, CTapHje 6p6lfa, .n:aHaC je npOCTa peq (no CKOKY, YOCTaJIOM, Ben je y CTapOCJlOBeHCKOM ynOTpe6.ThaBaH .n:eMHHYTI1B 6Pb6blla). MuwlIa He cna.n:a OBaMO, jep je caMO neCHHqKa CI{HKOna o.n: MuwulIa.
MalJe. MCTO paCY~IiBaae Morno 61i ce npOIllHpliTIi H Ha KJ'lIa (O,lJ,aKJIe 1<}''llCa 11 KYlJe), Ha M6Ifa (O,lJ,aKJIe Me'llCa 11 MelJe), na Ii Ha Bynrapli3aM uUlIa , r,lJ,e je CKOK caCBIiM npaBI{JlHO HaCJIYTlio pe,lJ, ,lJ,oraljaja, nliIllyl'1Ii (s. v. uU3oa): ,,./l;a ce YMafbli OnCl.l,eHOCT, CTBapa ce xHnOKoplicTHK uUlla ... Ii o.n:aTJle ,lJ,eMHHy TI1B Ha -blCa uUlJlCa" - CTIiM IllTO, HapaBHO, UU'IKa ,lJ,aHaC, Kao Hii .n:pyre pe 'II{ Ha -IJKa, HeMa .n:eMIiHYTIiBHY Bpe,lJ,HOCT. nOYKa H3 OBora 3a eTliMOnOre jecTe ,lJ,a XlinOKOpIiCTIil< He Mopa yaeK npe,lJ,CTaB.ThaTIi 1i3Be,lJ,eHIiu.y 1i3 ,,3Ba HHqHOr", Hea
200
O,lJ, ,lJ,eMI{HYTHBHor jacHo ce Pa3J1HKyje x H n 0 K 0 P I{ CT Ii 'I H 0 -lIa, Koje je H .n:aHac )!(HBO H nonynapHo, a ,lJ,OJla3H caMO Ha KPfbe OCHOBe ca 3a BPIlleTKOM Ha ,lJ,yrOy3Jla3HH BOKaJI: Malia, 1<}'lIa99, 0polla (o.n: 0pofba), y HO BHjeM CJIeHry w6ella 'cecTpa' (0,lJ, w6eciUeplCa), CHe)!(HBHM 3HaqefbeM ii.Jby lIa 'n.ThYBaOHlil.l,a' (MOrJIO 6H 6liTii H o.n: rnaroJla ii.JbyqKamU), 60lla '60.ll:.ThH KaBa 61{.ThKa' (MO)!(,lJ,a je I{ 0,lJ, 6oljlCamu), a HapOqHTO y MHoro6pojHliM XI{ llOKOPI{CTHI.l,HMa 0,lJ, HMeHa, THna rOlla, Jella, /falla, MUlla, Eella, [{alia, [{e lla, l.(ulla,l.(0lla I{ CJI.; TOM THlly ce npH,lJ,pJ)!(HJIO 11 ZUlla, Ma.n:a My je nope KJIO y ll03HBY 3a CBl1fbe ZUII zUlI (B. CKOKa no,lJ, zyn). Ha HCTH HaqHH rpa,lJ,e ce I{ Xl{llOKOPHCTl{l.l,H o.n: MyIllKHX HMeHHl.l,a, C THM IllTO Kao Ii 06HqHO (B. 1.1.4) y I{jeKaBcKHM KpajeBHMa HMajy BapHjaHTY -110: 6palia/-llo (o.n: 6pam), 6pulla/-llo (0,lJ, 6pujalJ), xalial-llo (0,lJ, xaHoap), wyqal-II0 (0,lJ, wycmep), Mella (o.n: Me06eo: 06JIl1K Ha -llo Hl{je y06HqajeH, jep ce y 3ana,lJ,HI1M Kpaje BHMa Ka)!(e Meoo 1OO), AlIa/-lIO, JOIia/-lIo, MOIia/-lIO, EOlla/-II0, Jlella/-1I0, Hella/-lIo, Belia/-lIo, Kplla/-lIO, Jbyqa/-llo HT.n:.
1.134.1. XHllOKOPHCTHqHO (3a pa3J1HKy o.n: .n:eMHHYTHBHor) -lia OCTa JIO je TaKOpenH He3ana)!(eHO y ,lJ,Oca.n:aIllaoj JIHTepaTypH. Ha fbera Tpe6a cKpeHYTH na)!(ay H3Meljy OCTaJIor I{ 3601' .n:onpHHoca KOjH MO)!(e .n:aTH y Ty Maqeay eTHMOJIOmje HeKHX H3Be,lJ,eHHl.l,a C .n:pyrHM cyqlHKcHMa. Y je.n:HoM paHHjeM pa.n:ylOI H3HeJIH CMO npemocTaBKY (HacynpoT HeKHM paHHjHM I{ HeO,lJ,p)!(HBHM eTHMOJIOrnjaMa 3a pe'l MalJlCa) .n:a je Hajnpe, y .n:eqjeM rOBopy, HaCTaJIO Malia Kao XHnOKopHCTHK O,lJ, OHOMaTonejcKe OCHOBe, a .n:a je H3 fbe ra HaKHa.n:HO, ,lJ,O,lJ,aBaaeM Cy
-ne
1.135. je ,lJ,eMIiHYTHBHI1 CY
99 KYlfa je HeMOT1lBHCaHa pe't, a.rm HMa 3aje.a.HH'tKY OCHOBY ca K)l'le, KY'lKa, K)lja. CKOK (s. v. I£Yl/aK) CMaTJla.a.a je y OCHOBH pe.a.ynJIHKauHja I/YI/-, THOH'tHa 3a .a.e'tjH je3HK, r.a.e je npBO 1/ HaKHa.a.HO 3aMelf rel="nofollow">eHO ca K. BepoBaTHHje je HoaK .a.a je y OCHOBH K)l- ca aq,pHKaTOM. jep ce TaKBa OCHOBa. no urro HanOMHIf>C H caM CKOK. cpene y BHIUe je3HKa, HOp. Y Mal)ap CKOM kutya, PYMYHCKOM cUfu. HTaJIHjaHcKoM cucci% HT.a..
100 CpnCKO Mella H3rlle.a.a .a.a je Hen03HaTO Y XpBaTCKoj. cy.a.enH no CKOKOBoj TBP.a. If>H (s. v. Me'lal/) .a.a "HHje nOTBpl)eH XHnOKopHCTHK Mel/a" (!). CKOK Ty U3HOCH H opeTDO CTlLBKy.a.a cy Me'lKa H Me'le MorllH HaCTaTH o.a. marOJIa MeKa/Uu. IUTO Huje HHManO BepOBaT HO, Hero cy HaKHa.a.HO H3Be.a.eHH o.a. XHnOKopHCTHKa Melja. 0 'teMY B. HH)I(e. 101 HaJU6UMa'lKe y e6POUClCUMje3UI/UMa, y: KnajH, M., JlUH?6UC/UU'IKe cw.yiJuje, lieo rpa.a. 2000, noceoHo Ha CTJl. 179-183.
rp~e)102. 3a npae ,lJ,Be pe'lH PMC .n:aje H aapHjaure cma6aolle, ciUalCaolie.
°
MHaqe je npeJIa3/1 > y06HqajeH JOIll CaMO Y ceolle; 3aCTape1I1i cy 06JJIiI.l,H Kao ICpuolle, zpolle, a CaMO ca /I cy o(uj)e.nlle, m(uj)e.nlle (,lJ,Ba I.l,HTaTa Y PMC, aJIH je 06HqHHje mOje.naw~), oiJ(uj)e.n~, 02l/.eOOll~, lCaHoWl~. O,lJ, OCTaJIRX H3ae.n:eHHUa, y KojRMa HeMa
202
UaAUOp6't{e),jaj't{e (o.naTJIe BepOBaTHO H TOnOHHM Jajlle), Y611e, 't{p(uj)e6't{e, je:JepZ{e, oeilipe/fe, WlWlbl{e, UUilialb't{e. Hez/zle je .naHac npOCTa PC'I, jep He
Ma ,ll.eMI1HyrnBHO 3Ha'lelbe HHTH CeMaHTI1'1KY llC3Y ca HMCHHUOM 1/e6o.
\
CyljlllKcall.Hja
Toopoa PC'lH Y CaOpeMCIlOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CJIO))(eHH CytPHKCH:
1.135.2. -Allue (PCTKO -a1/'t{e). Oaaj ,ll.eMHHYTHBHH cY
1.135.4. -Amlle je ,ll.eMHHyrnBHH CYQ>HKC, HaCTao, Kao lIITO 06julIlfba Bajy MapeTHh H CTeBaHoBHh, o.n -bllb/,{e, TO jecT o.n .nBanYT .nO,ll.aTOr ~/,{e C nanaTanH3aUHjOM H npOMeHOM II/,{ > 1U/1. H3 .neMHHYTHBa Kao cyllalU't{e, ep oalU/,{e,jajalUl1e «jaj't{e) npeHeT je 3aTHM H y,ll.pyre HMeHHue, Kao 6poa lU't{e, ZHe:JoalU/,{e (Zlbe-), .MO}ecilialU/,{e, KopuilialU't{e, iicewalU't{e (OBa TpH H Y '1elllhHM 06nHUHMa Ha -all/,{e), eupowalU't{e (O,ll. cupowa: Cje.nHHM UI1Ta TOM y PMC), KpUllalU/1e, Kao pluralia tantum yeilialU/1a, Jle9alU't{a, 8pailia lU't{a HT.n. }hY3eTHO, O,ll. npH.neBCKe OCHoae je lle6uHalU/,{e. 1.135.5. -Emu:e je ,ll.eMHHYTHBHH CyIjlHKC, no nopeKny CBaKaKO ,ll.BO CTfJYKH .neMHHyTHB Kao H -alU't{e. ,l\aHac je y06wlajeH caMO y jazlbelU/,{e, ,ll.0 HeKne y oO}eilielU't{e H ilie.tlelU/1e (nope,ll. '1elllher iJ[jjeweH/,{e H ilienell/1e). PelIHHUH 6ene))(e jOlll H uUIlelUlfe, iipaeelU't{e, :JICope6elU/,{e, ),eelU/1e, oYZMe lU't{e HT,ll.. 103 Yn. H ii030pllwUlaH14e, HalHII33 Jl,e'l.je n030pHWTe Koje je y lieorpaJJ.Y OCIlOBao no nyJIapllH rJIYMaL( IipaHKo MHJlIlliCSHli KOL(KHlla.
203
1.136. -qa je XHnOKOpHCTM'IHI1 CY!}!HKC, yrnaBHoM peniOHanaH, y My lIlKIfM HMeHHMa Kao Mup'la (Yll. PYMYIICKO Mircea, CBaKaKO ~nOBeHCKor nopeKna), KO'la, Joe'la, Joeall'la (n03HaT je HYlllHneB jYHaK JOBaHqa MH u Hn), Ciliojlla, Ciilojalllla, pUMlla, MUllliD, HUKOlllla lIT,ll.. BehHHa O~HX 06 nHKa y pe'lHHKy M. rpKoBHn HMa 11 BapHjaliTY Ha -110. HCTH CY!}!HKC jaBJha ce H y ane.nanlBY iliella (ilie'lo je 3a6enelKeHO caMO y HHKonHneSOM 06paT HOM pelIllHKY), KOjH je y PMC npOTYMaqeH Kao "XHn. O,ll. TeTaK", anH 611 6Hno TalIHHje pehH ,ll.a je o.n HCTe OCHOBe Kao ilieiila, iiieiliKa, jep y KpajesH Ma r,ll.e ce KU))(e ilie'la, ilieiliaK ce no npaBHny He ynoTpe6JT:oaBa. Ha -'la ce 3aBpmaBa H BHlIle TOllOHHMa Kao FY'la,
1.137. -lJe (reH. -lleilia) je Bpno lICCT ,ll.eMHHYTHBHH CY!}!HKC, THnHlIaH 3a jY))(HOCnOBeHcKe je3HKe (B. Pa.nHI'i 1987:227) H TO npe CBera 3a HCTOlIHe cpnCKe rOBope (HCTO, 228; MapKoB 1960:235). IlolllTO CnH'IaH Cy<jlHKC no CTOjH H Y PYMYHCKOM, an6aHcKoM If ryPCKOM, 06a OBa aYTopa YKa3yjy "Ha Moryhe npHcycTBO 6anKaHHCTH t lKHX je31f'lKHx MOMCHaTa y YKopefbHBafbY cy<jlHKca -'le" (Pa.nHn, CTp. 234; B. H MapKoB, CTp. 245). MHO))(HHa je Ha -'lao HJIH -llunu 3a )l(HBa 6Hna, yrnar3ll0M Ha -llunu 3a He)l(HBC nojMoBe. CaH rpaMaTH'tapH, o.n MapeTnna na na.na.Tbe, CBpCTaBanH cy no.n -'le H npHMepe Kao 9alle, caHoYlle (r,ll.e je 'l HaCTano nanaTanH3aUHjoM -K H3 OCHO Be) O,ll.HOCHO iiwu'le, 1l0lllle (r.ne jc HaCTano o.n -If). To je HeH36e))(HO, no lIlTO 6HCMO Y npoTHBHOM 3a CY!}!HKC MopanH ,ll.a npornacHMo caMO -e, ITO 06nHKY je,ll.HaKO !}!neKcHoHoM HaCTaBKY. C ,ll.pyre CTpaHe, npHMepl1 Kao (.IaK'le CBe,ll.Oqe 0 nomYHoM ocaMOCTa.TbefbY 06nHKa -lie. HHaqe ce -z H -x nanaTanH3yjy HCITpe.n OBor CY!}!HKca, 06a .najynH IU, xao y C/lYlUlle (O,ll. C/ly za), BllalU'le, iiip6)'IU'le. HCTH pe<jlneKC, IU, je.u.Ha'lCfbeM no MCCry H3rOBopa O.nHOCHO no 3By'lHOCm, ,ll.06Hja ce H o.n -c (uaUl'le, zYIU'le), -3 (
1.137.1. Ma,ll.a je CytPHKC cpe.nfber pO,ll.a, -'le ce ynOTpe6JT:oaBa CKOPO HCKJT:oy'lHBO Y3 OCHOBe HMeHHua MylllKor H lKeHcKorpo,ll.a. H3Y3eUH 6H MO rnH 6HTH lUlyiille (Koje je ,ll.aHaC ,ll.OHeKne H3ry6HJIO ,ll.eMHHYTHBHY BPC,ll. HOCT, jep je /UlYUKO peTKO a lUly6e caCBHM H306H'IajeHO) H :JICzeU'le (o.n :JICze6e: MapKoB 1960:239 ra H3BO.nH O,ll. :JICze6a, )K., anH Taj 06nHK HHje y06HlIajeH). Pe'lH Kao zpll'le, 6yplle, Koje HaBo.nH P3AHh 1987:233, He cna ,ll.ajy y CTaH.nap,ll.HH je3HK.
204
TBop6a pC\lM Y easpeMeHoM CpnCKOM jC311KY
CytPlIKCaQllja
Meijy HasHBHMa :lKHBHX 6Hli.a, THnHllHO 3a oBaj CyHKC jecTe 3HalleH>e MJIa,nYHlla,nH (Ma'le, iia'le, zyut'le, iiiliu'le, 'la6'le, 6paii'le, zOllyii'le, Me'le, MajMYH'Je, CII01t'le, lla6'le, IlUCU'le. 3Muj'Je HT.n:.) KaO H .n:eue HJIH MJIa.n:HX lby.n:CKHX 6Hna (6eii'le, xzeii'le, yHy'Je, uaciliop'le, HaxO'Je, MDJe.WM'le, /by 6WH'le, jeOUft'le, iip6ell'le, MOM'le, oDJe6oj'Je, Ija'le, 'lo6all'le, pu6ap'Je [no 3HaTO H3 neCMe bpaHKa Pa,nHlleBHna], CIlYUl'le, pOii'le, MaHZYU'le, Hrypa THBHO aHIjCII'le, lja(Joll'le HT,n;.), YK.J:hYllyjyli.H H OHe o,n; HaUHOHaJlHHX, eT HH'IKHX, paCHHX Ha3HBa Kao CpU'le, 1116au'le, BllaUl'le, Byzap'le, I.(uzall'le, Apau'le, Je(Jpej'le, Beozpaljan'Je, lfpU'le H cn.
HnH o,n; CHHTarMe iio CMpiliu HaCTaJlO je iiocMp'te. I1peHKcaJlHO-cY
HasHBH o,n; )KHBOTHH>CKHX HMeHa qeCTO HHCY ,n;eMHHYTHBHH Hero XH IIOKOPHCTHllHH, THIIH'IHH 3a Hapo,n;HH rOBOp, Kao 36(uj)ep'le, 6pa6'le, Kep'le, KOlb'le, COM'le, CIIa6)lj'le; o(JOZO'le, ilipOZo'le, lta3UM'le HCT03HaqHH cy ca o60Z00alf, ilipozooalf, IIa3UMe; OHH Kao Ky'le, UaUl'le, C6Ulb'Je 'IeCTO 03Ha'la Bajy o.n;pacny )KHBOTHFbY; zO(Je'Je ce ,n;aHac ynOTpe6lbaBa Kao HasHB BpCTe (,n;o,n;Yllle caMO y je,n;HHHH), YMecTO Z06eoo, BepOBaTHO 360r norp.n:Hor IIpH 3BYKa OBe ,n;pyre pe'lH. CJIH'IHHX nojaBa HMa Meijy HasHBHMa lby.n:CKHX 6H na, na je TaKO XeH'le YBeK XHnOKopHCTHK, CupO'le je 3aMeHHJIO ,n;aHac 3a CTapenH 06JIHK cupoilia, a y K)'M'le CYHKC je CTeKao HOBO, HeaeKTHBHO 3HaqeH>e (KBasH)poijaqKOr o.n:Hoca. - LIe ce pe,n;OBHO ynOTpe6lbaBa KaO XHnOKOpHCTH'IHH CYHKC o.n My IllKHX HMeHa (MUIlaTt'le, JO(Jan'le, Ciliojall'le, Bop'le, J(w,t'le, Tpaj'le, Clla6 'le, JbYU'le HT,n;.), peije o.n: )KeHCKHX (A1I'le, Jlell'le, Kaj'le; MUIl'le H J(aH'le, IIO peqHHKY M. fpKOBHn, MOry ce O.n:HOCHTH KaKO Ha MYIllKapua TaKO H Ha )KeHY). O,n;aB,n;e cy CBaKaKO HaCTaJla npe3HMeHa THna BaH'leilio6UIi, J(aU'le ili06UIi; MapKoB 1960:235 TY y6paja H OHa THIIa lf6all'le6UIi, )/(u6all'le6UIi, aJlH 3a FbHX je BepOBaTHHje ,n;a cy HaCTaJla o,n; lf6allalf, )/(u6aHalf. MCTH aYTop Ha CTp. 236 nOMHae H TonOHHMe Kao Bpau'le, )/(eii'le, LIajllu'le, aJlH OHH cY no npaBHny HeMOTHBHcaHH.
205
1.137.4. O,n; rnarOJICKe OCHOBe cy iioc6oj'te (nocBojeHo, Tj. YCBojeHo ,n;eTe) H C HeraUHjoM HeOOUOUl'te. O,n; TpnHor IIpHJJ:eBa cy oOjell'Je, CUCWt'te (OBO ,n;pyro BepOBaTHO no aHaJlOrHjH C IIpBHM, jep ce napTHUHn cucan{oJ MO)Ke O,n;HOCHTH Ha MneKO, aJlH He H Ha ,n;eTe O,n;HOCHO MJIa.nyHIJe) H cnO)Ke HHue H06opoljeU'te, Mpili6opoljelt'le (p peTKO XU(JopoljeH'te H up6opoljeH 'Ie). 113 (peTKor) marOJIa ooojuiliu H3BeJIH 6HCMO H oooj'te; He MO>KeMO ra CMaTpaTH .neMHHYTHBOM o.n ooojaK, jep Ta pe'l 03Ha'iaBa caMO npace. CJIO)KeHH CyHKCH:
1.137.5. CYHKC -"H'Ie, npH6JIFI>KH0 ,n;eMHHYTHBHor 3HaIJeH>a, HMaMO Y Map6uH'te H C/lyxuH'te (c naJIaTaJlH3aUHjoM, ceM aKO je o,n; rnaroncKe OCHOBe). 110 aHaJlorHjH C npBHM MO)KJl:a 6HCMO MOrJIH ,n;o.naTH H XU(JUfl'Je (Koje je eTHMOJIOIllKH o,n; XU(JUTta, aJlH Ta HMeHHUa ce ,n;aHac npBeHCTBeHO O,n;HOCH Ha nepHaTe >KHBOTHH>e), a no aHaJlorHjH C ,n;pyrHM opyxUfl'le 'llJIaH nocnyre Y KYOH, CJIyra' (opyxuna ce BHllle He ynOTpe6lbaBa Y 3Ha lleFbY 'nOCJIyra'). MapeTHO je nOMHH>aO H pe'l peOUft'te 'npace, Ha Koje .no ije pe.n: ,n;a ce 3aKOlbe', aJIH H>y ,n;aHalllFbH pe'lHHUH He nOMHFby. 1.137.6. CyHKC -yH'Ie Ea6Ho je y npBOM H3,n;aH>Y T6op6e puje'tu (1986:122; y APyrOM H3,n;aH>Y Taj CyHKC je H36aIJeH) npH3HaBao y pe'lH MIlaoYIl'te, "aKO ce 3HaqeH>e on HIlle Kao 'MJIa,na )KHBOTHH>a' ,,: ,n;pyrnM pe llHMa, aKO He CMaTpaMO ,n;a je MIlaOYH'te caMO ,n;eMHHYTHB o.n MYIllKe HMe HHue MIlaOYHalf (Koja HMa H .npyro 3Ha'leH>e, 'MJIa,nHO'). He.n:oYMHue HeMa KO,n; peQH 6(j)ezyn'te~ Koja je HeCYMlLHBO ,n;eMHHYTHB o,n; 6(j)ezyna'l, ,n;axne ca CyHKCOM -'leo
1.137.2. C He)KHBHM 3HalleaeM cy .n:eMHHYTHBH MHornx Ha3HBa npe,n; MeTa, Kao nUllUM'le. ilialbUp'le, c(j)eKUp'le, aUl06'te, KpU'le, UlM'te, MapaM 'le, UleUlUp'le, eKcep'te, Kopep'te, calloy'te, OpMall'te, jaciliy'te, jopzaH'te, Ka3all'te, 1l0U'le, pefbep'te, pYPYIl'le, 'lall'te, 'tOKalb'te HT.n:., TaKoije HasHBH npoCTOp{Hj)a Kao cou'te, oylia1l'te, UoopYM'le, cOKa'te, uO/bau'te H CJI. Bu 6ep'te, ollYBaHo caMO Kao HMe JIH'IHOCTH H3 6ajKe, BepoBaTHo HMa OCHOBHO 3Haqeae '3pHue 6H6epa' . Ca 0.n:6aUHBaaeM cyHKca je iiOIl06'te 'nonoBHHa Heqera (06H'IHO UHrapeTe), • Y HOBHje BpeMe IIOCTaJlO je IIoIIYJIapHO MUIlU oll'te Kao Illa.JbHBO-HPOHHllHH .neMHHYTHB o,n; 6pojHe HMeHHue MUIluon.
pe.n:aK CyHKC, HejacHor H BepoBaTHO pa3JIHQHTOr nopeKJIa. HaJla3HMO ra ca MO y cOlloa'luja (y3 ry6HTaK HHaJlHOr -ili) 'CJIY:lKelLe BojHor pOKa' HJIH y 36HPHOM 3Ha'leH>Y 'BOjHHUH, BojcKa', JaTHM y He06H'IHOM y6oK'tuja 'CHPO MaIllTBO, cHpoTHH>a, y60IIlTBO' (y PMC Cje,n;HHM npHMepoM H3 nonHna), KaO H Y TepMHH)' H3 cnpe KH>H:lKeBHOCTH KpM'tuja, KOjH CKOK H3BO,n;H H3 KpMa (BepOBaTHO y CMHCJIY ynpaBJbaFba), C06janm,eH>eM 3a Koje 6HCMO BOJIeJIH,n;a je nOTIIYHHje: "CTapa H3Be,neHHua Ha -'tuja ... KpM'luja = KpOM'luja (I.qma fopa, bOrHlllHn) je TepMHH npaBocnaBHe upKBe 3a nOMOKa1l0H."
1.137.3. O,n; npH,n;eBa 6H MornH 6HTH 6Ma6'te, KpX/ba6'le, CIIUfta6'te, jeoull'le, IIO MapKoBY 1960:236 ZOIlUUla6'te, Ma,n;a CBH OHH MOry 6HTH H o,n; HMeHHua MYIllKor po.n:a Ha -(a)lf (6Ma6alf HT,n;.). O,n; IIpH,n;eBa uOCMpiliaH
1.139. CYHKC -l,Ia (MYIllKor po,n;a) Y cnpHjeM je3HKY rOTOBO ,n;a HHje HH nocTojao, aKO He paqyHaMO XHnOKopHCTHK HUI,W O,A HUKolla, a BepoBaT
1.138. -lfHja l ()KeHCKOr po,n;a; 3a -'tuja2 B. ,n;one no,n; -I,lUja) caCBHM je
I 206
\
~.:~
TBop6a PC'll! Y CaOpCMCIIOM CPl1cKoMje3UKY
HO 11 2e~a npeMa 2eaK (CKOK nx ,naje y ,nBe 3ace6HC o,npe,n~lHlle, rum 06e pe tIM cy HejacHor nOCTalba, a 110 cMlicny, aKO He no nocTaH,y, HeCYMlbHBO cy 1l0BC3aHe). Y HOBHjeM )l(aprOHY jaBHno ce}.tep~la (=.Mept{eOee), a EyrapcKH 200P:71-72 6ene)l(H H ,npyre, He MHoro pacnpOCTpafbeHe petIH: OUltfta (,nH Hap), CJlal,a (cna,none,n), (JUH¥a, ut/eFa H cn. Do yrne,ny Ha jallaHcKo IlWII,a, 1l0'-!eTKOM ,neBe,neCeTHX ro,nHHa npownor BeKa, CKOBaH je f10nywaIbHBH TepMHH KllUlllla, y KOMC cc naKO npell03uaje OCHOBa Kuuu. DonynapHocTH OBor cyqlHKca, nope,n fberose 3By'-!HC H3pa)l(ajHocTH, Morne cy ,nonpHHeTH, KaKO HanOMHfbe EyrapcKH, H pe'-!H 6alta, 6u~a H 6Wa (CBe Tpli n03H:rre Kao )l(aprOHCKH Ha3HBH 3a '-!OBCKa, HnH KaO Ha,nHM~).
1.140. 3a CYCPHKC -J.lHja KapUKTCpHCTH'lHO je ,na je 6poj pe'llf y KojHMa je 3acTYnIbeH 3HaTHO BenH o,n "aKTHBHor" cpon,na. Pe'-!HHll.H, HaHMe, 6enc)l(e MHoro ,nanac 3a60paBIbcHKX TYPu.H3aMa Kao ja6all~tlja, oaey~uja, }'U33)lJlf,ltIja, HnH pe'-!H Koje cy MOTHBlfcaHe anH KOjC cc ,naHac je,nBa YlloTpe6IbuBajy, Kao XaMaJ.tlluja, Kaiupalllluja, weliep~uja H CJIH'lHO. C ,npyre cTpaHc, Kao WTO HCTH'ly EyrapcKH 1997:119, EyrapcKH 200t1:61 H Pa,nHn 1998:187 (ca,na H y KlbH3H Pa,nHn 2001, Ha crp. 28), CYCPHKC je H ,nUHUC )l(HB H npo,nYKTHBaH, ,na jynH HeOJlOrH3Me Kao xaM6ypzep~uja, ayilloiWo6UJl~llja, KO}.lujyiiiepf1uja r,ne oneT Tpe6u npHMeTHTH ,na HHje,nHa o,n TaKBHX PC'lH HHjc ,nOCTHrna Hapo 'lHTY pacnpocTpafbeHoCT, HHTH je CKrYPHO )l,a ne Tpajuo OCTaTH y je3HKY. C 063HPOM Ha CBe TO pa3YMIbHB je Pa,nHneB 3aKIbY'laK (1998:185 O)l,HOCHO 200 1:27) )l,a "cpncKH KfbH)l(eBHH je3HK TeK nepHcpepHo YKIbY'-lyje 06nHKc Ha -'1uja/-¥uja y CBOj TBOp6CHH CHCTeM". OH TO Hnycrpyje nO)l,aTKOM )l,a ce y pe'lHHll.HMa O)l,pe)l,HHll.e ua -lluja 'leCTO ynynyjy Ha CHHOHHM C )l,pyrHM cy CPHKCOM ("wQ./bue~uja B. WaIbHBau." H cn.) H )l,a yrnaBHoM HMajy 0)l,pe.n6e "TYP.", "noKp.", ,,3aCT.", "HH,nHB." H CnH'lHO. 11'>0HeTCKe npOMeue C OBHM CYCPHKCOM 06YXBaTajy 03By'-!aBal'be no Cne)l,fber cyrnacHHKa OCHOBe (illo61IUja, lie6a6~uja, 6ypez¥uja, IjYMPYZIIU ja), je)l,Haqelbe nO MeCTY H3rOBopa y PeTKOM iiopex¥uja, 03BYQaBafbe H je)l,Ha'-!elbe y ()l,aHaC caCBHM Hcy06H'iajeHHM) iipKOX!lltja, uHillepex¥uja, uP0l.le:JfC¥uja H cn. 3aBpwHH cyrnacHHK ce ry6H y ulla~uja, iiauy~uja, y cpa MHnHjapHoM C/laooJle¥uja H 6000eOf,luja, y apxaH3MHMa CUMUlluja H 6YPMY ~uja. Ha HCTH Ha'iHH O)l, caxaill ,n06HjeHo je caxa¥uja, nOTOM ca~uja (y PMC 6e3 u.HTaTa), H3 HejacHHx pa3nora H3MefbeHO y caj¥uja. (Pa,nHIi 200 I: 127 rOBopH 0 ,,.ll.HCHMHnanIBHoj CPOHeTCKoj Bpe)l,HOCTH" COHanTa j.)
1.140.1. Pa,nHn Ka)l(e)l,a no CBOjOj OCHOBHOj CPYHKU.HjH, OHOj KOjy Haj 'iewne HMa y TYPCKOM, oBaj cyqmKc 03Ha'-!aBa BpwHOu.a pa)l,lbe, a npe CBera 3aHHMalbe. Y cpnCKOM, TO 3Ha'ielbe je KacHHje "y O)l,peijeHoj MepH npeBa 3HljeHo", TaKO)l,a ce "Te)l(HWTe 3HaTHHM ,ncnOM nOMepHno npeMa K Ban If-
~I'i ~
1.
CyqlllKCaUllja
207
cP H KaT H B H 0 CT If, O.1l.HOCHO KaTeropHjH HOCHOll.a oc06HHe" (cTp. 184; BH)l,H H MapKoB 1957: 167-170). 3a OHO npBo npHMepl1 cy Ha3HBH ,naHac yrnaBHoM HeaKTYenHI1X 3aHHMalba, Kao oyliall",uja, }.texall~uja, l.Uewup1,lu ja, IiYMYPlluja, PYPYIl1l1tja, caiiyll~ltja, jopzall~ja, Ka3all~uja, KaJlaj¥uja,\ ne6a6¥uja, 6ypezllUja, ~aj1l1tja, 60M6oll~uja, 6ociiiOlllluja, 6YHaplluja, KaJI- \ opM¥uja, ~aMlIuja HT)l,. Caj1,luja, iUp(1}.t6aj¥uja u oyeaH~uja jow ce '-!yBajy y rOBopy, ,nOK 6H ce y nHcafbY pa,nHje ynoTpe6Hno IlaC06Hu~ap, e03a~ ili.P(1}.I eaja O)l,HOCHO upooaeal.l oyealla (HJlH iUpapUKalliU). CnHtlHO je H C pe'ijy KaMUOll¥uja, 3a Kojy Pa,nHIi (CTp. 188) Ka)l(e )l,a ce .,Ha cpncKoj )l,P)l(aBHoj TeneBH3HjH ... ynopHo 3aMelbyje CHHTarMOM 'B03a'i KaMHOHa''', )l,OK je lIa IlK TeneBH3HjH y06HQajeHo. O,n TYPll.H3Ma Kupuja ,no6HjeHe cy ,nBe pe'iH C CPOHeTCKOM pa3nHKOM y OCHOBI1 H )l,HcpepCHIJ.HjauHjoM 3Ha'-!elba: KupUlIuja H Kupajlluja. DOHeKH Ha3HBH 3aHHMafba ca'-!YBaHH cy yrnaBHoM y IIpe3HMe HHMa, Kao C(1}.wp¥uja, lllep6elluja, Eapy~uja, JIazYMlIltja; yn. H KOJlYl/lI U ja, BapHjaHTY O)l, KyjYll¥uja. 1.140.2. Y )l,pyry KaTeropHjy no Pa,nl'lliy, "H3Be,neHHue Koje 3Haqe oc06y ca KaKBOM )l,OMHHaHTHOM 0 co 6 H HOM", cna)l,ajy pe'lH
1.140.4. Y -aI,lHja, no MHlliIbefbY CKoKa (s. v. -",uja), a- je aHanOrH jOM npeHeTo H3 H3Be.1l.eHHu.a O)l, rnarona Ha -aillu. TaKBHx H3Be)l,eHHu.a, )l,0 )l,ywe, HeMa MHoro: rope, y 1.140.2, HaBenH CMO caMO ,-!eTHpH. O)l, rnarona Ha -uillu cy illpowa~uja, iiooeaJIa",uja, upoeooa~uja (c peljHM CHHOIIHMOM uaeooa¥uja, yn. H U3eooa~uja 'KOjH H3BO)l,H HeBjeC'ry', no CKOKY, s. v. 6e eiUu l ), a y HOBHjeM cpaMHnHjapnoM roBOpy iUyiia",uja (O)l, iUyiiuiUu). 104 AKO IIX H3BO,QlIl\IO 113 marona, npBH )'3I1Ma OCKOBY calolO AO cyrllacHIiKa, AOK .!IPy rli 'lyBa
61{
I{
3aspWHH BOKan OCHOBe mBFOJla napMaiilu. YKonHKO cy OA Hl\IeHHl1.e, napMar,mja
lil\lao cy
-ar,mja, Kao KaUZajluja H eJl. (s. KlilKe).
208
Tsop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CytjJHKcaUllja
HajBHwe je H3Be~eHHua C OBHM CyiflHKCOM o~ HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa. To cy nOHeKH TypIl;H3Ml:i Kao 603al)uja, KaS2al)uja, 60jal)uja, 3aTHM M/leKal)uja (M.lbe-), aIlH H rpW/Mal)uja, peq KOjy 6a6Hn 1991:208 CMaTpa ,jaqe CTHJlCKH 06HJbeiKeHOM" HacynpOT ,,6JlaJKeM" rpli.llMaUl. OBaj nOCJle~IhH 06JIHK,\Me ~yrHM, HHje y06HqajeH (6ap He y Cp6HjH), TaKO ~a 3a I}lHJlMCKOr pa~HJ'Ka ynpKoc HeCKJIa~y H3Me~y eHrneCKe OCHOBe H TYpCKor cy$HKca HeMaMO HHKaKaB ~pyrH CTHJlCKH HeYTPanaH je~HOqJlaH H3pa3 (OCHM ranHIl;H3Ma CUHeaciU). BHwe npHMepa Hana3HMO Me~y HOBHjHM )KaproHH3MHMa: cuda I)uja (o~ cuoa), XUiUa'ltlUja (06a Pa~Hn 1990:402; B. o~ HCTor ayropa 2001: 110-111), uYMUal)uja, /lupUial)uja, MaUal)uja 'upTaq Mana', adal)uja '3aJby6JbeHHK y My IJ.HraHJlHjy' (6yraficKH 1997:119), HarpiUaI,mja, Mpe afCal)uja 'Tparanau no HHrepHery' (6yrapcKH 2001':61) HT~.
1.142. Cyl}lHKC -Ula (BH~H H -eUla, -UUla, -OUla, -YUla) HMa ~Be 6HTHO pa3JlHqHTe I}lYHKIl;Hje. Ca HMeHH'lKHM oCHoBaMaje XHnoKopHcTHK, MywKor HnH iKeHCKor po~a, 3aBHCHO o~ OCHOBHe HMeHHIl;e; y MYWKOM po~y HMa Ba pHjaHTY -UlO. JaBJba ce y MalheM 6pojy npeTe)KHO 3acrapenHx 06JlHKa, C BO KanOM Ha Kpajy OCHOBe, Kao 60Ulal60UlO (o~ 60: PMC ~aje H3 BYKoBor PjeqHHKa H ~pyro 60Ula, )KeHCKOr po~a, 06jawlheHo Kao ,,neq. XHn. o~ BO ~a"), fJ.puUlalupuUlo (o~ npHjaTeJb), fJ.oUla (o~ fJ.ofJ.aiJuja), ceUla (o~ ce ci11pa), /lYUla (o~ /ly/la). HOBHjer cy nocraIba iJuUla o~ iJupeKiUop (TaKO H KO~ 6a6Hna 1991:336: 06JlHK OUUlO HHje nOCBe~OqeH) H y ~eqjeM rOBOpy HOUla (iKeHcKor po~a, M~aje o~ HOKUtUP, anH ~aHac HeMOTHBHCaHo). CHa Ula BepOBaTHO He cn~a OBaMO, Hero no~ Cyl}lHKC -ja C naRaTanH3aUHjoM x H3 OCHOBe.
O~ npHJIora je MyrpiUal,luja
(rum MYKiUal)uja).
1.140.5. -EI,lHja ce HajqeWne jaBJba Ben y TYPCKOM 06JlHKY peqH, Kao Karpel)uja < kahveci, 'I.U3Mel)uja·< fizmeci, CKe/lel)uja < iskeleci, /ly/lel,luja < liileci (HaBO~HMO npeMa lliKllJbHneBOM peqHHKy). TewKO je penH, HnaK, 3aWTO je 6alU oBaj 06JlHK (a He -I)uja HJlH -al)uja) Y3eT 3a H3Be~eHHI-le O~ ~oMahHX peqH, KpUel)uja '3aHaTJlHja KOjH ce 6aBH KpnJbeIbeM, Kpnaq' H ~a Hac BeOMa paWHpeHO CUIlel,luja. Pa~Hh 2001: 113 cMaTPa ~a je -e- MOrJlO ~oliH H O~ HaCTaBKa HOMHHaTHBa MHOiKHHe y peqHMa Kao Kurp/lel)uja 'npo ~aBau KHl}lmf', KOpel,luja, 6puiUsel)uja If CJl. HeMoTHBHcaHo je KeCel,luja (o~ TYpcKor kestci, no lliKllJbHny). He cn~ajy OBaMO Ulep6el)uja (o~ Ulep 6e[iU] + -'ltLUja) HH CIladO/lel,luja (o~ CIlaoo/leiJ + -I)uja).
1.140.6. -qHja 2 (MywKor po~a) je ~aHac peTKa H yrJIaBHOM ~Hjane KaTCKa BapHjaHTa o~ -I)uja. Mapernh 1963:318 je 3a oBaj Cyl}lHKC TBP~HO ~a ce "Hana3H ... caMO y pHjeqH: nOpeWqHja (T. j. nOpe3-qHja)". J{aHac PMC ~aje uopeUl'l.uja nope3HHK) Kao CHHOHHM 3a UOpeafCl,luja, o6a ca 03HaKOM "noKp.". Ha HCTH HaqHH Hana3HMO H MUpaUl'l.uja, ca/leu'l.uja, My UliUy/lYK'l.uja (~oHOCHJlaIl; ~06pHX BecTH), 'I.U6YK'l.uja (MoMaK KOjH nocJly iKyje nywaqe qH6YKOM, jow ~Ba 3Haqelha y PMC) Kao CHHOHHMe 3a 06HqHHje MupaafCl)uja, ca/le6I)uja, MywiUy/lyzl)uja, 'I.u6y2l)uja; y3 TO H He KOJlHKO HeMOTHBHcaHHX TypUH3aMa Kao aUl'l.uja (je~HHH KOjH HeMa BapH jaHTY Ha -I)uja), i11yrpeK'l.uja, KaYK'l.uja HT~. 1.141. Cyl}lHKC -I,lRIC, ~eMHHyrHBHor 3Ha'lelha, HMaMO
npaKTRqHO Ca MO y KauUI)UK (ca cKpalieHoM OCHOBOM HMeHHue Kauuja), 'Mana Bpan Ha orp~H R3Me~y cyce~HHX Kyha'. P~Hn 2001:106-107 HaBo~HjolU HeKOJlH KO Bpno peTKHX H3pa3a Kao (X)aMaMI,lUK 'ManH aMaM' HJlH ' ~oMahe, KyhHO KynaTHJlO', /lUMyHI)UK 'BpcTa 6HJbKe', Ka3aHI,lUK 'Ka3aHqHh' H CnH'lHe.
209
Haj'leWnH cy Kao H 06H'lHO xHnOKopHCTHUH O~ HMeHa, npereiKHO MyIUKHX. OHH MOry Kao H ~oca~ HaBe~eHH npHMepu HMaTH OCHOBY Ha BO Kan, Hnp. JaUla (-UlO), FaUla, PaUla, Ci11aUla, F/lUUlQ, HeUla, IleUla, TOUla, JhyUla HT~., aRH KaTK~ H Ha KOHCOHaHT, Kao y JaKUla, HuKUta, CiUojUla. MUUla je Hacrano nanaTanH3aUHjoM O~ MuxawlO, aRH ce ~aHac ynoTPe 6JbaBa H 3a MUilOUl, Muoopaz H ~pyra HMeHa Ha Mu-. Y iKeHCKOM po~ HMaMO J(aUla (no M. fpKOBHll "o~ J{aHHua, J{aI}lHHa, HT~."), y3 TO MaUla, HaiUaUla, CaUlQ, KOjH cy HecyMIhHBO H3 pYCKor. aBO nocne~lhe HMe MO)Ke 6HTH iKeHCKO HJlH MyIUKO, a TO BaiKH H 3a JeUla ("O~ JeBpOCHMa, JeJleHa, HT~.", "O~ JeBpeM, Je3~HMHP, HT~."). ITo yrJIe~y Ha HMe 6Hne ~aje HaCTa JlO H JeUlaljezua (He3a6eJleiKeHO y pe'lHHIl;HMa) Kao no~pyrJbHBH Ha3HB 3a JeBpejHHa.
1.142.1. C marOJlCKHM OCHOBaMa -Ula, MyIUKor po~a, 3HaqH BpwHoIl;a (= npHCTanH
pa~Ibe, y ~aHac pe~e ynOTPe6JbaBaHHM peqHMa: upuci11azua
Il;a), yci11azua (r~e je ynoTPe6a 3a xpBaTcKe l}lawHCTe nomYHo nOTHcHYJla npB06HTHO 3HaqeIbe 'yCTaHHK'), U3eUlalu3jeUla (= H3eJlHua), C HeraUHjoM ue60jUla (H HMeHe60jzua), He3HajUla (= He3HaRHua), Hexi11(j)eUla 'oHaj KO jH HeWTO Helie', Y3 TO H HejeUla, Koje je no PMC caMO iKeHCKor po~a H 3Ha qH HJlH 'HeMaH>e aneTHTa, HejeJlO' HJIH 'oc06a ca cna6HM aneTHTOM'. Ca CBHM je Hey06H'lajeHo BYKOBO U30upzua (= H3~HPaRO, 'oHaj KOjH ce H3~H pyliH MY'lH, TPY~H').
1.143. Ca Cyl}lHKCOM -UlTHHa OCHOBa TpnH 1}l0HeTCKe npoMeHe Y06H qajeHe Hcnpe~ cyl}lHKca C nOqeTHHM Ul: 06e3BY'laBatbe y uoiUpeuUli11uHa, HeuooouzuiUuHa, 06e3BY'laBaa.e H ry6Jbelhe cyrnacHHKa y 6e306paUli11uHa, tjJpaHl/yzui11uHa, /lyUezuiUuHa, HCTO nOCJle nanaTanH3lll(Hje y y60Uli11uHa, cu pOMazui11uHa. fJlac iJ Hcn~a y zocuoUliUuHa H y PeTKOM CIl060Uli11uHa (no PMC 'cJl060~a' UJIH 'CTeqeHO "paBO, nOBJlaCTHUa, DpHBHJlemje'), i11 y xp
210
TBop6a pe'lli y CaBpCMeHOM CpnCKOM jCJIiKY
Cy$HKcal.\lija
211
eaWWUHa, Ii y Ma2apeWWU1Ia (aKO je o/uu12apefm), cm y cJla60UltUUHa (O.ll 1.143.2. Y 1i3Be.l(eHHuaMa 0.1( npH.lleBCKIiX oCHoBajoll ce qYBa 3Ha'le CIla6ociil: y PMC Cje.n;HHM U~lTaToM) H y 6yoallautiilulla (o.n; npH.n;eBa 6yoa H:.e je3liKa, aJIH caMO y PeTKOM JlaiilUHutiiluHa ' naTHHCKH je3HK' H y TepMH HHMa Be3aHHM 3a .n;HjaJIeKTaJIHe no.n;ene cpncKoxpBaTcKor: wiiloKa8wiiluHa, Jlaciil). waKa8wiiluHa, KajKa8wiiluHa, eKa8wiiluHa, (u)jeKa8wiilUlla, UKa8utiiluHa. 1.143.1. 3Ha'IeH:.e OBor Cy
212
CY
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CPIlCKOM je311KY
HHna O)J,HOCHO IlpetPHKCaJIa Kao KO/101l1a3, pYKoauc, UPU1l0C, pa300p, a 3a THM H b (TaHKO jep), C npHMepHMa Kao zopouao, 3au06ujeo, Mf/uje'l, Heja'l, cfllyoeH (HMeHHua) H CJlHqHO. MCTHHa, no)J, npBHM je HaBeo M npOCTe MMe- • HHue Kao 6pujez, oyx, zpao, a 1l0)J, )J,pyrHM OAe )l(eHCKOr pO)J,a Kao nyo, Kp6, co, lIlTO nOKa3yje )J,a HHje CXBaTaO Pa3JIHKY H3Meliy HynTor CytPHKca H Hyn Tor HaCTaSKa. Y HOBHje BpeMe, CTeBaHoBHl'i 1964 1:484-485 nOKywao je)J,a npY)l(H KOMnpoMHcHO peIlIelbe. He )l(enel'iH O"lHrne)J,HO )J,a y KlbH3H 0 caBpe MeHOM cpncKoxpBaTcKoM je3HKY nOMHlbe jepoBe, HanHcao je 3a pe"lH Kao 60lj, UIla'l, ily:JIC, MJlalj )J,a cy "nOCTaJIe .•. ynpaBo )J,O)J,aBan:,eM cyrnacHHKa -j (HnH KaKBor ffieMY CnHqHor rnaCOBHor eneMeHTa)" H )J,a y ffiHMa ,jacHo ocenaMo KopeHcKe )J,eROBe rnarona ... H npl1)J,eBa". IJpH TOM je nOTnYHO H3ry6Mo H3 BH)J,a pe"lH Koje ce 3aBpIlIaBajy Ha TBP)J,11 cyrnaCHHK. HynTH CytPHKC Kao TaKaB 06paijeH je y P3.AY AH"IHl'i 1975 2, a noce6Ho HCnpnHO, ca 06HJheM npHMepa, y P3.Ay [pMUKaT 1981. M Ea6Hn 1991 no CBeTHO My je )J,Ba)J,eCeT cTpaHa (300-319), npaBenH pa3nHKY H3Mel)y -8 1 (MYlIlKor pO)J,a, Kao y oooup) H -8 2 ()I(eHCKOr pO)J,a, Kao y aOMon). OBH pa )J,OBH HaM nOM3)I(Y )J,a pa3rpaHH"IHMO H )J,eqlliHHweMO yKynaH 6poj H3Be)J,e HHna C HymHM CytPHKCOM. Ty no CBOj npHnHUH C113.Aajy HMeHHue )l(eHCKOr pO)J,a Ha -(a)o (HaCTaJIO O)J, /I + fJ nocne cyrJIaCHHKa), Ma)J,a CMO ffiHX, C 06 3HPOM Ha BenHKY maCOBHY Pa3JIHKY, H3JIO)l(HJIH noce6Ho (1.18). C )J,pyre CTpaHe, "IHHH HaM ce )J,a HHje onpaB)J,aHO Tpa)l(HTH HymH cy tPHKC y HMeHHuaMa Ha -a, KaKO TO qHHH AHqHneBa (HaB. )J,., 13), Hnp. 06 pao-0-a, upefllUllafll-0-a, na "IaK H y npHMepHMa KOHBep3Hje Kao MJliioa, 3/10, o06po (HCTO, IS). TeopHjcKo onpaB)J,albe je y )l(eJhH )J,a ce Pa3JUIKyje CytPHKC O)J, tPneKTHBHor HaCTaBKa, O)J,HOCHO )J,a ce 06jacHH 3awTO npH.AeBH )J,06Hjajy HMeHH"IKY npoMeHY; aJIH 3a etPHKacaH npHKa3 TBop6e peqH OBa KBe aHaJIH3e )J,OHoce BHwe IlITeTe Hero KOpHCTH. IJojaM HYJITOr CytPHKca je HeonXO)J,aH Ha Kpajy pe"lH, Hnp. y apO/la3-0, f)J,e OH nOKa3yje )J,a je OCHOBa rnaroJIa ilpO/la3ufllU nOCTaJIa CaMOCTaJIHa pe"l H oMorynaBa nopeljeffie C )J,pyrHM H3Be)J,eHHuaMa Kao UpO/la3-aK. CYBHlIlHO je, MeliYTHM, y6aUHBaTH HyJITH CytPHKC Hcnpe)J, cerMeHTa -a, KOjH HeCYMffiHBO tPYHKUHOHHwe Kao CytPHKC, 6e3 063Hpa Ha TO IlITO je tPOHeTCKH CTOIlJheH C tPJIeKCHOHHM Ha CTaBKOM, HJIH y pelJH Kao MJlaoa, Koje cy npOMeHHne MoptPonOIlIKY KJIacy, aJIH HHCY H3MeHHne CBoj 3aBpIlIeTaK. IIofoTOBY 0 HYnTOM CytPHKCY HeMa CMHCJIa rOBOpHTH y CTpaHHM pe "IHMa THna azpOHOM, <jJUJl030<jJ, apxeo/loz (HaCllpaM azpoHoMuja HT)J,.), WTO Kao je)J,HY O)J, Moryli.HOCTH nOMHlbe Ea6Hn 1991:303. Ty ce MO)l(e caMO KOH CTaTOBaTH nocTojalbe 3aje)J,HH"IKe OCHOBe. M pe"lH Ha cyrnacHHK H OHe Ha -uja IlpHMJbeHe cy H3 CTpaHHX je3HKa, nocToje If )J,aHac y THM je3HUHMa, ynoTpe6JhaBajy ce OJJ,yBeK napaJIenHO, Ila 6H 6HJIO npOTHBHO "IHlbeHH"IHOM
213
CTalbY TBP)J,HTH )J,a cy je)J,He O)J, )J,pyrnx H3Be)J,eHe y HaweM je3HKY, 6HJIO HynTHM CytPHKCOM HJIH CytPHKCOM -uja.
\,
1.144.1. HymH CytPHKC H3a3HBa MHor06pojHe H Pa3HOBpCHe tP0HeT CKe npOMeHe y 3aBpwHHM cerMeHTHMa OCHOBe (B. Ea6Hn 1991:305-308). IJpH TOM je KapaKTepHCTHqHO)J,a ce naJIaTaJIH3auHja jaBJha CaMO y HeKOJIH KO pe"lH (npe CBera UIla'l O)J, UIlaKafllu, UOKllU'l [nope)J, aOKllUK] O)J, iiOKllUK ll)'iilu, MJl[uj)e'l O)J, M//[ujJeKo, y )l(eHCKOM pO)J,y lleja'l O)J, llejaK H /lax O)J, /lazaiilu), )J,OK je 3HaTHO "Iewna )J, en a naT a n H 3 a U Hj a, nojaBa rOTOBO Hen03HaTa KO)J, )J,pyrnx CytPHKca: CKOK O)J, CKO'luiilu (TaKO H OOCKOK, OOCKOK, iiOCKOK, YCKOK HT)J,.), iilpK O)J, iilp'laiilU, KpUK O)J, Kpu'laiilu (YKOJIHKO HHje O)J, KpUKUyiilu), 36eK, ijUK, jeK (no 3HaqelbY 6Hne )J,a cy O)J, 36e'laiilu, iju'laiilu, je'laiilu, npe Hero O)J, cBpweHHx rnarona), llayK O)J, llay'luiUu, apUCMoK O)J, UpuCMo'luiilu, 6(uj)ez 0)J, 60)exaiUu, Ua/lOZ O)J, Ha/loxuiUu (TaKo H Y/lOZ, iio/loz, UPUJIOZ HT)J,.), lbYX O)J, lOywuiilu, iioC/lyx O)J, iioC/lywaiilu HT)J,. Tpe6a HarnaCHTH )J,a TepMHH ,,.AenaJIaTanH3aUHja" OB)J,e ynOTpe6JhaBaMO y CHH XPOHHjCKOM cMHcny, Kao nojaBY HenanaTaJIHOr cyrnacHHKa y H3Be)J,eHHUH HacnpaM naJIaTaJIHOr y OCHOBHOj peqH, He yna3el'iH y HCTopHjcKe Y3pOKe Te nojaBe. AH"IHneBa (HaB.)J,. 13) HHje cnpeMHa )J,a npH3Ha nOCTojalbe )J,enaJIa TaJIH3aUHje, na Ka)l(e )J,a ce "MO)l(e ... 3aHeMapHTH H CTBapHO CTalbe cMjepa )J,epHBaUHje ()J,a JIH je Kpu'IaiUu nOCTaJIO O)J, KpUK MnH je KpUK nOCTaJIO O)J, Kpu'IaiUU)", y3 HanOMeHY )J,a ce TaKBa nMTalba "npellywTajy )J,HjaxpOHHjH". CJIHqHO TOMe, aJIH oCTajynH Ha )J,HjaxpoHHjCKOM HHBOY, [pHUKaT 1981: 105 ce nHTa ,,.Aa nM je, peUHMo, iUpK O)J, iilp'laiUu HnH 06paTHo, iUpaz O)J, iilpa xuiilu HnH 06paTHo?". Ca CHHxpoHHjcKor rne)J,HWTa MO)l(eMO 6e3 OKJIeBa H>a O)J,roBOPHTH )J,a je iilpK H3Be)J,eHO O)J, iilp'laiUu (jep 3Ha"lH rnaroncK)' pan }bY), )J,OK iilpaz H fllpaxuiUu BHIlIe HHCY ceMaHTH'fKH 1l0Be3aHH. IJoCTojaH>e )J,enaJIaTaJIH3aUHje ce y CBaKOM cnyqajy He MO)l(e HempaTH, jep npHCYTHOCT rnaronCKHX npetPHKca y pe"lHMa THna Ila/lOZ HeCYMIbHBO nOKa3yje )J,a cy Te HMeHHue H3Be)J,eHe O)J, marona, a He 06PHYTO. Ea6Hn nOMHlbe H )J,ecH6HnapH3aUHjy, aJIH cy My npaKTH'fHO je)J,HHH npHMepH CMUK (O)J, CMUijaiilu) H UOCMUK (O)J, aOCMuijaiUu), pe"lH KOjHX HeMa y PMC HH Y AHHneBOM pe'fHHKy. C )J,pyre CTpaHe, 3a60paBHO je Ha jOTOBa }be, Koje HMaMO y 601j, eBeHTYaJIHO y ilyx (Mana TY Be3a CrJ1aronoM aY3a iUu HHje jacHa Ha npBH norne)J,) H y HeKonHKO peljHx H3Be)J,eHHua O)J, IlPH )J,eBcKe OCHOBe: xelj, M/lalj ('pH6JbH nO)J,MJI3.AaK' HnH 'Mna)J, Meceu'), 6(uj)e.tb (PMC ra )J,aje ca 3HaqeffieM 'nOKpHBa'f, ry6ep, nOlbaBa', y3 TO HMa H 6liJ'luo = 6[j}'luouKa ')J,eo )J,pBeTa H3Meliy Kope H CP)l(H '), ijplO (' UpHH rrpWWT' HJlH H83HB 6HJ1Ke).
215
Tsop6a PC'!H Y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMjc3HKY
CyqHili:CBI.\Hja
1.144.2. Y6aUHBaIbe HenoCTojaHor a y cyrJIaCHH'IKe rpyne MMaMO y BM we petlH: uucaK, epucaKI05, mpecaK, KalUaJb, 3ajaJ.f (11 Hajfllf, yjfllf. oojfllf),3a paeaH (o,u 3apaeHUmU; 3a I1MeHl:IIJ;y paeaH BM)J,11 1.145.1) I1T,u. fIocTOjaHo a I1MaMO y fUae (rro Ea611ny 1986:291 o,u fUueamU), fUauam (o,u fUaiimamu: reH. fUaiiama, ,uaHac MHoro 'Iewne Hero fUaawa), y CMpao, cepa6 11 jow rrOHe1
1.144.4. 3a 113Be,ueHl1ue o,u marona C npe
214
1.144.3. A1
1.144.5. fIperne,u Qewnl1x npHMepa rr01
216
TBop6a PC'!H Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCiCOM je3HiCJ
Cy4lHKcatJ,Hja
1.144.7. Y nomina loci cna,llajy npBeHCTBeHo H3BeJ).eHHue oJ!. rnaroJIa Ha -/u13uiUu, Tj. y/lQ3, U3.IlQ3, UpU/lQ3, up(uj)e/lQ3, UpO/lQ3 (Koje MOry 3Ha'IHTH H Pa,llI:bY, Kao CHHOHHMH 3a YIIQ3aK HTJ)..), 3aniM OHe anCTpaKTHOr 3Haqefba KaO oOMeiU, 00x8aiU, ooceZ,pa3MaK, a y3 TO H HeKe OJ). rJlarOJla cneUYHpH'IHH jer 3HaqeI:ba Kao OiU60P, 3aiU60p, 3a6paH, 00800, 00600, yc(j)eK, UCKOU, oiU KOii, OOPOH, up(uj)e80j HTJ).. fpHQKaToBa HaIlOMHfbe (CTp. 120) J).a OBOM THny no nOCTaHKY npHna,llajy MHorH TonOHHMH, QHTHpajynH H3 ,[(aHH'IHneBOr "PjeQHHKa KI:bH)KeBHHX cTapHHa" HMeHa Kao 3azpao, 3aCfloH, flOAOZ, OcjeK, flPOKOo. H J).pyra. OHa nOJ).cena J).a TY BepOBaTHO CIla,lla H HMe 3azpe6, Ma,!J.a 3a aera jOill HHje ca cHrypHollny YTBP1)eHa eTHMOJlorHja.
AeiilO)eiilu. [JOZ060P je npeMa HeMa'IKOM Nachrede, o.oeoo je "y3eTO H3 py CKor HJlH 'IeIlIKOr" (fpHQKaT, cTp. 135), upujeAl je BepOBaTHO pycH3aM (HCTO, 126), a TaKBHX pe'IH cHrypHo HMa joru.
1.144.8. YMecTO KaTeropHje nomina instrumenti, KOjy J).aje fpHuKa TOBa, Mo~a je KopHcHHje YBeCTH KaTeropHjy H3BeJ).eHHua 3aCHOBaHHX Ha HHcTpYMeHTaJIHOM 3HaQeFbY ("OHO 'IHMe ce Il3" IlO .6a6Hny 1991 :314, r.n:e cKpaneHHua ii.3 3Ha'iH npe3eHT MOTHBHor rJlaroJla) HJlH YOIlillTe KaTeropHjy onpeJ).MeneHHX 3Ha'leI:ba. Ty 6H OHJ).a Yllrre pe'lH Kao o.08e3, o.060j, 06110Z, iiOKP06, OKAoo., oMoiU, uopy6, 06py6, HaHOC, yKpac, llaKuiil, 3a'lUH, OK06, iipeMQ3, ozp(j)e8 H CrrH'IHe. OHe ce 3Ha'ieFbeM HHKa,lla MHoro He yJ).aJMBajy o.n: rJlarOJla, H 3aTO je BPJlO Marro H3BeJ).eHHua Koje 3Ha'le OJ).pe1)eH npeJ).MeT (Hilp. U3AOZ, 3a60j, OOZAeo), a 3HaTHO BHlle OHHX Koje 06yxBamjy CKyil npeJ).MeTa ca 3ajeJ).HH'IKOM OC06HHOM: Hnp. 3a'lUIl je CBe OHO 'IHMe ce MO)Ke 3a'lUHUiilu xpaHa. 1.144.9. Ca 3Ha'ieaeM JbYJ).CKHX 6Hna je caMO HeKOJlHKO pe'lH - U3 poo, oopoo, HaxOO, upe6(j)ez, YCKOK, UpOpOK. llho ce nI'Ie )KHBHX 6Hna yonllTe, HaJIa3HMO J).Ba Ha3HBa 3MHja, o.OCKOK H yoa6, a C J).pyre cTpaHe HMeHHue 36HpHor 3Ha'IeFba, Hapoo, iiopoo, HaKoiil, CKyii, Mo~a H 360p, ca 60p H 0060p, Ma.n:a je y I:bHMa 360r cj rel="nofollow">OHeTCKHX npoMeHa crra60 npen03Ha TJbHBa Be3a ca H3BOPHHM rrrarOJIHMa. 1.144.10. Ma.n:a MO)l(e H3rrreJ).aTH npOTHBpe'lHO OHOMe llTO CMO Ma rro'lac peKJlH 0 pe'IHMa THna 3a'lUH, Tpe6a HailOMeHYTH J).a H3BeJ).eHHue Ha HyJITH Cycj>HKC MOry IlOCTaTH H He3aBHCHe OJ). rnaroJla KOjH HM je y OCHOBH. To je Pa3YMJbHBO C 063HPOM Ha YCTaJbeHOCT OBOr TBop6eHor THIIa H 6poj pe'lH y KojHMa je 3aCTYI1JLeH. Pe'l3MU6, Ha "pHMep, HeMa HHKaKBe ceMaH TH'IKe CPOJ).HOCTH C rrrarorrOM 3aAU8aiUu. Pe'IH Kao iip030p, caee3, o.puo(j)ee no 06J1HKY cy npOBHJ).He, arrH HHCY MOnlBHCaHe y TOM cMHcrry J).a 6H ce Morrre .n:ecj>HHHcaTH y3 IlOMon rrrarorra iip03upaiilu, c(a)ee3aiUu OJ).HO CHO upuo(j)eeaiilu. Yll. fpHUKaT 1981:133: ,.aoiiuc HHje 6rrHcKo Be3aHO HH 3a je.n:Ho 3Ha'IeI:be rrrarOJIa oOiiucaiilu/ooiiucueaiilu, J).aHaIllfbe o.OZOH TaKo1)e HeMa caOJ).HOCHor 3Ha'IeFba y rrrarony." Y3pOK CeMaHTH'IKe HeIloJ).y.n:apHo CTH H3Me1)y H3BeJ).eHHQe H rJlaroJIa MO)Ke 6HTH H Y cTpaHoM nOpeKJIy. TaKo je U3AeiU IlpeBeJ).eHHua OJ). HeM. Ausjlug, a HHje Henocpe.n:Ho oJ). rrraroJla U3-
217
1.144.11. Y CJlO)l(eHHuaMa, 3Haqaj H}'.nTor i\ycj>HKca Haj60Jbe ce BHJJ.H y H3Y3eTHO nnOJ).HOM THily HMeHHL(a + rnaroJl y J).eJlY 0 KOMn03HL(HjH o.n:eJbaK 2.3.9.1), ca CJlO)l(eHHuaMa Kao opeope3, Ha<jJiiloeoo, 6POOOAOM, eo oOM(j)ep, MociU06paH, Mecojeo, /byooxoep, uepope3, ZAaeoc(j)eK, 06AaKo oep, 6POOOAOM, AoeociilaJ~ UyiUOKQ3, POOO/by6, 60zoCfloe HTJ).. Kao IlITO ce BHJ).H H3 OBHX npHMepa, rrrarOJlCKH J).eo yseK je jeJ).HoCnO)KaH, a HcnpeJ). Fbe ra je cnojHH BOKarr -0-. To Ba:>KH H 3a OCTaJIe, MaFbe 6pojHe THnOBe CJIO)Ke HHua: npHJJ.eB + rrraron (xueoiiuc, B. 2.4.10), 3aMeHHua + rJIarOn (CaMO ICpec, 2.5.3), 6poj + rnaron (jeoHoiipez, 2.6.3), npHnor + rrraron (OaJIeKO 600, 2.8.3).
(s.
IbyJeTHo, Hy.nTH Cycj>HKC ce MO)Ke jasHTH H y3 HMeHH'IKH J).pyru J).eo, y eYICOO/laK, Y iicOZAa6 (B. 2.3.7.1) H ca 6pojeM y weciiloiiep (2.6.2).
1.145. Ca Cycj>HKCOM -,P ()KeHCKOr po.n:a), KojHje .n:aHac HenpOJ).YKTH BaH, 6poj npHMepa J).aJIeKO je MaI:bH. OJ). npoCTHX rJlarona cy MO)KJl.a caMO Aax, Mali, 'lap H Mucao (He pa'lyaajynH 33CTapene 06nHKe Kao cKp6 HJlH xyo). OJ). npecj>HKCaJIHHX rnarona cy 3aMuCao, iiOMucao, HaMUCaO, iipUMU cao, iiPOMUCao, iioMoli, uciioMoli (BepOBaTHO H iipuiioMoli, J).OK 6HCMO He Moli CMaTpaJIH HeraQHjoM oJ). Moli, npe Hero H3Be.n:eHHUOM oJ). HerHpaHor rnarona He Moliu), iio'laciU, iipu'leciil, 06a8(uj)eciU (npeTe:>KHo xpBaTcKH), upoii08(uj)eo, 3apa6aH. nOce6HY rpyny 'IHHe pe'lH y KojHMa HYJlTH Cycj>HKC J).ona3H He Ha rna rOJlcKY OCHOBY Hero Ha KpI:bH HHcj>HHHTHB. O,n npoCTHX rrrarOJla Ty cna,!J.a 6Uiil, MO)KJl.a H !l6aciil (BHJJ.H 1.114); OJ). npecj>HKCaJIHHX 006uiU, 3a6uiU (oJ). rnarorra 3a6uiUu 3a6yoeM '3a60paBHTH', J).aHac O'lyBaHor caMO y J).HjarreK THMa: B. CKoKa, 6uiUuI noJ). gO), Hauacii1, iipouaciil, upeo.aciil.
1.145.1. OJ). npHJJ.eBa cy M/lalj, oyx, Heja'l, BepoBaTHo H xelj (c 06 3HpOM Ha jOToBalLe: ZAaoaH, HanpOTHB, H3BOJ).HJlH 6HCMO H3 ZAao, jep 6H y 06PHYTOM crrY'lajy MOPaJIO 6HTH (ZAalj).I1MeHHue Kao pa6an, 3eJlen,pYMeH, ciUyoeH, He'lucii1 Morne 6H ce cBpCTaBaTH H noJ). KOHBep3Hjy. IToHMeHH'IeHH npHJJ.eBH, Me1)YTHM (B. IV J).eo, 2.1), 06H'IHO ce 3acHHBajy Ha CHHTarMH npHJ).eB + HMeHHQa H HMajy npu.n:eBcKH 3aBpllIeTaK, -a 33 )KeHCKH a -ii 3a MyllIKH pOJ).. ITo TOMe 6HCMO YMeCTO paeaH, -enu O'leKHBarrH HMeHHUY "pasHa" (= nOBpIlIHHa: YO. upaea, oJ). iipa8a Aunuja). .6YJ).ynH J).a Meljy npH MepHMa KOHBep3Hje HHCMO HallIJlH J).pyre HMeHHue )l(eHCKOr pOJ).a Ha cyrJla CHHK, 3aKJbYQyjeMo .n:a je OBHX neT HoaK 60.1be TYMa'lHTH Kao H3BeJ).eHHue HyJlTHM CyqlHKCOM.
218
Cy$I!KcaUllja
TBop6a PC'll! Y CaBpeMCHOM CpnCKOM jC31!KY
Tpeli.a H HajBa:lKHHja oc06eHoCT CTpaHHX CytPHKca jeCTe IlITO je C IhH Ma qeCTO Moryne YTBP,ll.HTH CaMO TBop6eHo CPO,ll.CTBO ,lI.Bajy pe'!H, aJIH He H CMep H3Boljelha. Y ,lI.OMali.eM JIeKCH'IKOM tPOH,lI.y 3HaMO .!I.a je peq ca CytPHK COM H3Be,ll.eHa O,ll. npOCTe peqH (HJIH H3Be,ll.eHHu.a ca CnO)KeHHM CytPHKCOM O,ll. H3Be,ll.eHHu.e C npOCTHM), H HajqellIli.e TO Ba)KH H 3a n03ajMJbeHHl~e, Hnp. weMa H- meMaWuKa. HHje pe,ll.aK CJIyqaj, MeIjYTHM,,lI.a y HalUje3HK ,lI.Ocnejy caM 0 H3Be,ll.eHHu.e. TaKo je, peUHMo, H y CHHXPOHHjCKOj aHaJIH3H OqH rJIe,ll.HO ,lI.a Iluwepam(a), llufUepamypa H npH,lI.eB IlUWepapHu HMajy HCry OCHOBY, aJIH MOTHBHa HMeHHua (y OBOM cnyqajy JIaT. littera) He nOCTojH y cpnCKOM. MCTH je cnyqaj H ca MHomM ,lI.pymM rpynaMa O.!l. no ,lI.Be HJTH TpH peqH, Hnp. ijUHUK, ijUlIU3aJU H ijUHU'laH, cKeUmUK, cKeuca H CKeUmU'laH,
O,ll. pe,ll.HOr 6poja je 'leiUepw. Je,ll.HHa 0611'mHja CJIO)KeHHI..(a ca -02 H3rJIe,ll.a ,lI.a je
61lazooam (O,ll. HH
tPHHHTHBa, KaO y roplhHM npHMepHMa 6um H CJI.).
2. MMEHlflIKM CytPMKCM
\
CTPAHM
2.0. lio,ll. cTPaHHM cytPHKcHMa nO,ll.pa3YMeBaMo npe CBera OHe H3 rp'!Kor H JIaTHHCI
2.0.1. ,lWym pa3JIor 3a noce6HY 06pa.u.y cTPaHHx CytPHKca jeey tP 0 He T C K e a JI T e pH a 1.1. Hj e. OHe ce caMO H3Y3eTHO nO,ll.y,ll.apajy C,lI.OManHM nojaBaMa (Hnp. cH6HJIapH3aQHja y KawOIlUK KaUlOlluijU3aJU, je,ll.Haqelhe no 3By'!HOCTH y wpallcKpu60eawu mpanCKpUUijuja). MHoro je BHwe Ta KBHX Koje ce Mory 06jacHHTH caMO nOMony rpqKOr O,ll.HOCHO JIaTHHCKor, Kao y aHaAu3a - anaAuTu'l.ap, oujazuo3a - oujazHoCTuKa, e/luuCa eAUUTU'laH. liope,ll. KOHCOHaHTCKHX HMaMO H aJITepHau.Hje BOKana, Kao y peoJfzoeawu - peoAKijUja, upojJfijupawu - UpOjEKWOp, upollemEp upolleiUApujam, uap¢EM - uap¢HMepuja, HJIH 06HMHHje npoMeHe 3aCHO BaHe Ha rpqKHM H JIaTHHCKHM aJIOMOPtPHMa, Kao y Oii03UijHJA - oii03UijJf OHap, ceijecJfJA - ceijecHOHucwU'lKU, apopH3AM - apopJfCTu'lap, euuzpaJU - euuzpaJUATu'l.ap, uOHwucJ>EKC - uOHmu
219
lleKCUKa, lleKCUKOH ii lleKCU'lKU, aYWOHoMuja H aYWOHOMall, Ko.MeHWap, KO MeHmamop H KOMeHmapucaiUu, uaKem H uaKoeamU, oy6nem, oy6Aep H oy 6llupawu, ~OZUlI2 H ~02Upawu H TaKO ,lI.aJLe. Y CBHM TaKBHM npHMepHMa MO)KeMO j e,ll.HHO KOHCTaToBaTH ,lI.a ,lI.Be HJIH TPH peqH HMajy 3 a j e ,lI.' H H 'I KyO CHOB y, aJIH HHKaKBHX pa3nora HeMaMO 3a TBP.!l.IhY ,lI.a je je.!l.Ha O,ll. IhHX MOTHBHa a ,lI.pyra, O,ll.HOCHO ,lI.pyre ,lI.Be, H3Be,ll.eHe H3 Ihe.
,
'J!
2.0.2. HajBenH cKyn OBaKBHX napOBa qHHe HMeHHu.e THna ¢UIl030P, ueoazoz, zeozpap HacnpaM OHHX THna ¢UIlo30puja, ueoazo2uja, zeozpa¢u ja (2.22). 3a Ea6Hli.a 1991:200 OHe npe,ll.CTaBJbajy BeJIHKH np06neM, nOlUTO HHje y cTalhY ,lI.a ,lI.OKa:lKe HH ,lI.a cy npBe H3Be,ll.eHe O,ll. ,lI.pyrHx HyJITHM cy tPHKCOM HH ,lI.pyre O,ll. npBHx CytPHKCOM -uja. Ory,ll.a OH 3aKJbyqyje .!I.a cy pa3pewelhe Tor nHTalha "nOTPe6Ha noce6Ha npoyqaBalha". TaKBa npoyqa Balha, MeIjYTHM, HMaJIa 6H CMHcna caMO y rpqKOM, r,ll.e je OCHOBa MOTHBH caHa. Y cpnCKOM MO)KeMO je,ll.HHO 3aKJbyqRTH ,lI.a cy HMeHHlIe je,ll.HOr H ,lI.py ror THna n03ajMJbeHe y HCTO BpeMe, ,lI.a HM je OCHOBa 3aje,ll.HHqKa H ,lI.a OHe ca 3aBpllIeTKOM Ha cymacHHK 3Haqe CTPyqlhaKa, a OHe Ha -uja O,ll.roaapajy ny CTpyKy. JaCHO je ,lI.a H TaKBH cnyqajeBH cna,ll.ajy y ,lI.OMeH TBop6e peqH, anH HX TPe6a pemCTPOBaTH Kao qHCTe KopeJIallHje, a He nOKywaBaTH ,lI.a ce Ha CHJIY cBpCTajy no.!l. H3Boljelhe.
2.0.3. lioHeKe H3Be,ll.eHHue, Ma,lI.a cy HM H OCHOBa H CytPHKC CTpaHor nOpeKJIa, CKOBaHe cy KO,ll. Hac, Kao pellHMO nceY,ll.OaHrJIHlIH3aM weHuc-ep (y eHmeeKOM nocTojH CaMO tennis player). To, HapaBHo, Ba:lKH H 3a Bell nOMe HYTe xH6pH,lI.e THna 3a6YUl-aHW. IIoje,ll.HHH CJIO)KeHH CytPHKCH CaCTaBJbeHlf cy O,ll. crpaHor H ,lI.oMalier eJIeMeHTa, Hnp. y zapU6MO-UHaij, r,ll.e je -UH- H3 HTaJIHjaHcKor (garibaldino) a -(a}ij je ,lI.oMalle. Y HajBeneM 6pojy CJIyqaje Ba, HnaK, n03ajMJbyje ce Ben f'OTOBa H3Be,ll.eHHua, CTHM DITO KO,ll. Hac ,lI.O)KH BJbaBa HeOnXO,ll.He tPOHeTCKe H MOptPOJIOIliKe a,lI.ama[(Hje: pellHMO, Y tPp. pi raterie > uupamepuja npBO "HeMO e" ,lI.aje Hallie -e, .!I.pyro Hallie -a, a HMe HHua ce YKJIana y HalUY ,lI.eKJIHHa[(Hjy. Tpe6a HarnaCRTH, MeljymM, ,lI.a ce CBH OBH pa3nHqHTH HaqHHH nOCTaHKa THqy ,lI.HjaxpoHHje. 3a CHHXPOHHjCKY
220
\
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpCMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
.lIe<\JHHI1l.{Hjy H3Be.lleHHl.{e HHje yorrIUTe 6HTHO r.lle H Ka.ll je rrOCTaJIa, Hero .lIa JlH ce MOTHBHIUe .lIpyroM pC'Ijy. 3a CBe OB.lIe HaBe.lleHe rrpHMepe O.llrOBOp Ha TO rrHTalhe je rrOTBp.llaH, jep iUeHucep je Hrpa'l illelluca, 3a6yr.uaHill je oHaj KOjl1 3a6yr.uaea, zapu6a..noulla/,f je CJle.ll6eHHK Fapu6Mouja, uupaillepuja je' .lIeJlaTHOCT uupailla. Y CJle.llenHM O.lleJbl.{HMa Ha MHoro MeCTa neMO Ha6paja TH H HeMOTHBHcaHe pe'lH, aJIH caMO pa,llH rropeljelha C MOTHBHcaHHM, H YBeK neMO HamaIUaBaTH .lIa 6e3 MOTHBal.{Hje (Tj. 6e3 MOTHBHC pe'lH Koja ce yrroTpe6JbaBa H y cprrCKOM) He MO)!(e 6HTI1 pe'lH 0 H3BoljelhY.
2.0.4. "Je.llHHa'lHHX" cy<\JHKca cTPaHor rrOpeKJla (yrr. 1.0) HMa BeOMa Marro, a H KO.ll lhHX 6H ce MO)!(,l(a rrpe MOrJlO rOBopHTH 0 3aje.llHHl{Koj OCHO BH Hero 0 H3BoljelhY. TaKBH 6H MOrJlH 6HTH: -AHK: y up03auK. -ibHje: y afuwc¢epUlluje COHO IUTO Ca.llP)!(H y ce6H aTMoc<\Jepa' HJlH 'rra,llaBHHe', rro PMC).
CyIjlHKCaI.\Hja
221
IUaJIa' HJlH 'rro,l\BaJIa') H 6aKlbaoa. MHa'le je -aoa Kao 3aBpIUeTaK Haj'leIUne y HeMOTHBHcaHHM pe'lHMa Kao ¢acaoa, 6a..naoa, iUupaoa, apKaoa, cepella oa 11 CJI. Ha rpaHHl.{H MOTHBHcaHOCTH cy rpel.{H3MH iUpuj~Oa H oeKaoa, 'IHje je 3HaLJeae caCBHM rrpOBH.lIHO C 063HPOM Ha HaIUe iUpu O.llHO~HO Ha rr03ajM JbeHHl.{e oeKa, oeKazpaJol HT.lI.
2.1.1. M3Be.lleHHMa O.ll maroJla Ha -upaiUu MOry ce cMaTPaTH 61l0Ka oa, pOKaoa H MapUllaOa (OBO rrOCJle.llae HejacHo .lIe<\JHHHcaHo y PMC H KO.ll ByjaKJ1Hje, aJIH MO)!(e 3Ha'lHTH Te'lHOCT 3a MapHHHpaae HJlH jeJlo [Haj'le IUne pH6y] rrpHrrpeMJbeHO y TaKBOj Te'lHOCTH). IIpeTe)!(Ho xpBaTcKa je pe'l pe¢epaoa, Koja rro AHHneBoM pe'lHHKy 3Ha'lH 'o,DjeJl y ype.llY r,Dje pa.llH pe <\JepeHT'; PMC .lIo.llaje jOill .lIBe .lIe<\JHHHl.{Hje cYMaHBe Ta'lHOCTH, rrpey3eTe H3 KJIaHlieBor pe'lHHKa.
2.1.2. -lIja,lJ;a je BeOMa rrp0.llYKTHBaH Cy<\JHKC rp'lKOr rropeKJIa, C .lIBa pa3J1H'IHTa 3Ha'leaa. IIpBo 3Ha'leae, rro yrJle.llY Ha pe'l ollUMuujaoa, O.llHO -JIeTa: y cillaplleilla.
CH ce Ha pa3He BpCTe TaKMH'Ielba, Hrapa HJlH KOJleKTHBHHX MaHH<\JeCTal.{Hja. -OJIeT: y 0paMolleiU 107 •
PMC .lIaje YHu6ep3ujaoa (ca cKpaneHoM OCHOBOM) .lIe<\JHHHcaHo 'Ha3HB 3a -OT2: y zMujoiU.
crropTcKa TaKMH'Iefba CTY.lIeHaTa' H 6a..nKallujaoa 'crropTcKe Hrpe 6aJIKaH CKHX HapO.lla'. Y HOBHje BpeMe jaBHJlH cy ce 6pYlfor.uujaoa (y pe'lHHKy MopToHa IieHcoHa rrpeBe.lleHO 'freshman week'), por.uiUU/bujaoa CTaKMH 2.1. -A.lIa je O.ll <\JpaHl.{ycKor -ade (cy<\JHKca KOjH je y <\JpaHl.{ycKH .lIO 'Iefbe y rrpHrrpeMH Meca Ha POWTHJbY', KJIajH 1992), zuiUapujaoa, 6ul/ulCAu IUao rrpeKo HTaJIHjaHH3aMa Ha -ata), a y MaJIOM 6pojy rrpHMepa H O.ll rp'lKOr -as -ados. Ha HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe, C Pa3J1H'IHTHM 3Ha'lelhHMa, .lIOJla3H y IlU jaoa H MHOIUTBO CJlH'IHHX H3pa3a. IiyrapcKH 200}l:69, KOHcTaryjynH .lIa "IYHaoa (y xpBaTcKoM H HapaH'laoaIHapaH1,Woa, .lIOK je KO.ll Hac rrpey3eT oBaj Cy<\JHKC ,,.l(O)!(HBJbaBa rrpaBy eKCrrJl03Hjy", 3a6eJle)!(HO je H zycallujaoa <\Jp. 06J1HK opaHxaoa), KOIlOHaoa, MacKapaoa (r.lle je OCHOBa peqH AtaCKa '60p6a rycaHa', r.uer.uupujaoa 'peBHja IUeIUHpa', uecKUjaoa 'H3pa,lla <\JHr)' rrpO.lly)!(eHa rrpeMa <\Jp. mascarade, O.ll HTaJI. mascarata = mascherata, yrr. H pa o,n rrecKa', uaCYlbujaoa, CIlallullujaoa H TaKO .lIaJI,e. KO.ll Hac perHOHaJIHH HTaJIHjaHH3aM Mar.uKapa), apMaoa, Xe.tlaoaIJe.tlaoa ,Apyro 3Haqefbe, rro yrJlC.lIY Ha HaCJlOBe THrra Hllujaoa (yrr. y eHrJIe (rrOCJle.lllhe .lIBe pe'lH HHCY MOTHBHcaHe y rrpaBOM CMHCJlY, aJIH HMajy 3aje.ll CKOj KlbIDKeBHOCTH The Dunciad AJIeKCaH.lIpa IIoyrra, O.ll dunce 'rJlyrraK'), HH'IKy OCHOBY ca apMuja O.llHOCHO ca Xe.tleHIJe.tlUH). C rrpOIUHpeHHM cy rrpHK33yje HeKH HH3 .lIoraljaja, y IUaJI,HBO-XHrrep60JlH'IHOM TOHY, Kao KJla <\JHKCOM je zOlleaoa 'cepHja rOJlOBa' (rrOCJle.lllhHX rO.llHHa qeCTO y pe'lHHKy CH'IHy errorrejy. To cy CBe e<\JeMepHe TBOpeHHl.{e Kao /,fUpKycujaoa (= /,fUp crropTCKe IUTaMrre: H3 IUrraHCKor, r.lle rrpe.llCTaBJba rrOHMeHHl{eHH rrapTHl.{Hrr K)'C Y <\JHrypaTHBHOM CMHCJIY, y PMC C l.{HTaTOM H3 BeJbKa IIeTpoBHna rJlaroJla golear, 'rrOCTH3aTH rOJlOBe'). O.ll HMeHa cy jepeMujaoa (rro 6H "CBH cy Y)!(HBaJIH y lheroBoj l.{HPKYCHja,llH"), par.uoMoHujaoa = par.uOMOH 6J1HjCKOM rrpopoKy JepeMHjH) H P06UH30HaOa (HJlH P06UI-130Hujaoa: PMC je 'crrJleT rrpOTHBpe'lHHX HHTeprrpeTal.{Hja HCTor .lIoraljaja' (KJIajH 1992), po .lIaje C je.llHHM l.{HTaTOM H3 JIeTorrHca MaTHl.{e cprrcKe H .lIe<\JHHHl.{HjOM 'BP 6UH30Hujaoa (= P06UH30HaOa, B. rope, 2.1), OOHKUXoiUujaoa (y pe'lHHKY CTa pOMaHa HHcrrHpHcaHHx .lIO)!(HBJbajHMa P06HHcoHa Kpycoa', aJIH cHryp CAHY), KO.ll Iia6Hlia 1991:94 MajMYHujaoa, iUe.tle¢oHujaoa orrHcaHO Kao HO 3Ha'lH H 'aBaHTypa Ha rrycToM OCTPBY, y CTHJlY P06HHcoHa Kpycoa'). 'HeBOJbe CTeJle<\JoHHMa', ¢ur.uepujaoa '
222
Cy(jIllKcallHja
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
UlUlpuKepaj, ue2/lepaj, MO)KeMO CMaTPaTH .o.a je OCHOBa pe.o.YKOBaHa 0.0. )KeHCKHX OCHOBa Ha -epKa.
2.2. -A~a je 0.0.
2.2.1. 0.0. HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa cy yrnaBHoM HMeHHue Koje 3Ha'Ie Kana UHTeT, Te)KHHY HJIH HeKY.o.pyry Mepy H3pa)KeHY je.o.HHHUOM 'IHjH je Ha3HB y OCHOBH: MeUlpaxa, KUIloMeUlpaxa, Uionaxa, Ky6uKaxa, lluUipaxa, 6ollUlaxa. aMuepaxa H CJI. (yn. H MUllyUiaxa y pe'"!HHKy KnajH 1992).0 WHPOKOj ynOTpe6H OBHX pel.fH CBe.o.O'Ie CJIO)KeHH npH.D.eBH Kao iJyzoMeUlpa XHU, KpaUlKoMeUlpaxHu (0
2.2.2. Ca HCTHM CY
(KnajH 1992) HT.o.. Kao H yaeK KO.o. osaKSHX HMeHHua, H3 3Hal.feH>a pa.o.H>e MO)Ke npoHcTeliH H 3Haqelbe npoH3Bo.o.a HJIH npe.o.MeTa, Kao y UleUl06axa, KaMYPllaxa, ap6uUipaxa (' ap6HTPHpaH>e', o.o.aKJIe H ' ap6HTPa)KHH op raH' HJIH 'H3a6paHH cy.o.'). fIpellMeTHa 3HaqeH>a HHa'Ie cy Hajl.fewlia y He MOTHSHcaHHM n03ajMn.eHHuaMa Kao zapaxa, aM6Cl1laxa, i1JlaHUiaxa H MHomM .o.pyrHM. 0.0. .o.oMaliHX marOJIa, no aHanorHjH, carpaljeHe cy CTHJICKH 06eJIe)Ke He pe'IH ZHJa6aXa H MaKlbaxa, y )KaprOHY BepOBaTHO H jow nOHeKa.
2.3.
-AP, HeMal.fKOr nOpeKJIa, .o.OJIa3H caMO y3 HMeHHue ca 3aBpllleT
KOM -ep (yrJIaSHOM repMaHH3Me). He MO)KeMO ce CJIO)KHTH C ,[(a6HlieM 1977:40 Ka.o. ra Ha3HBa "MeXaHH'IKH 3aBpllleTaK -aj, KOjH HHje TBop6eHH HacTaBaK". TaKaB onHC Morao 6H BIDKHTH 3a nOHeKY pe'I Kao K)li1Jlepaj, anH He, peUHMO, H 3a UlUUl/lepaj Oe.o.aH 0.0. npHMepa Koje HaBo.o.H ,[(a6HIi), jep ce TY CY
223
\
OCHOBHO 3Hal.feH>e je aKTHBHOCT HJIH Ha'lHH nOHaWaH>a, KaO y zallz cUiepaj (y pe'"!HHKy CAHY), xoxUlUlai1.tlepaj, Ul6Cl1lepaj, Maxepaj ('nOCTY naK Maxepa' .o.e
2.3.1. Cy$HKC -epaj, HeMal.fKOr nOpeKJIa, TeWKO je pa3JIHKOBaTH 0.0.
-ap, nOlllTO H osaj, Kao WTO CMO ynpaso SH.o.enH, .o.OJIa3H Ha OCHOBe ca 3a
BPWeTKOM -ep. MO)K.!J.a cy je.D.HHH CHryPHH npHMepH llyMuepaj (o.o.aKJIe HCT03Ha'IHO IlYMuepajKa, C .o.o.o.aTKOM .o.oMalier Cy
2.4. Cy
\
225
TBop6a PC'l1l Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CyIj>HKCall,Hja
MoceKcYa.tlall, MUHIIMa.tlall HT,n. HT,n. OCHOBY 'mHH npH.ll:eB Ha -a.tl(all), UlTO 3Ha'iH ,na je y ILHMa CytPHKC -(a) II.
palliii, i/Ja6puKalliil., de6uiiialliii, KOMalldalliil.. upoiiieciil.alliii III, Maml¢e ciil.alliil. HT,n.) H KaTKa,n O,l:l OHHX Ha -ucaiiiu (UlueK)'Jlalliii, MalluuYJlalliii). C He)KHBHM 3Ha'ieHoeM je MOjf(.z:la CaMO nHHrBHCTHqKH TepMHH ¢OpMUlliii.
2.5. CytPHKC -aJIHja 2 HeMa, HapaBHo, HH'Ier 3aje,nHH'IKor ca CytPHKCOM
no yrne,ny Ha n03ajMlheHe pe'lH HaCTaJlO je H HeKonHKO XH6pH$HX H3Be,l:leHHu.a ca lI1aJhHBHM npH3B}'KOM, npe CBera o,naBHO n03HaTH upe6a palliii H 3a6YUlalliil., a y3 TO MaHoe y06HqajeHe 3a6uiil.Jlalliil. (ByrapcKH 2001 1:73), 3a¢PKaHiiI. (B. KnajH 1992), 3aje6aHiiI. (y HHKonHlieBoM pe'lHH KY, npey3eTO o,n .n. IllHnKe). no ernnCKHM OC06HHaMa TY cna,na H ¢OJlU paHiiI., o,n rnarona ¢oJlupaiil.u, HeH3BeCHe eTHMOnorHje.
224
MYlI1KOr po,na -a.tluja I (Kao y Kaca6a.tluja), KOjH CMO, Kao H ,npyre CytPHKce rypcKor nopeKna, cBpcTanH Meljy o,noManeHe. OH npe,nCTaBJba 3anpaBo na THHCKO -alia, 06nHK HeYTPYMa nnypana o,n -aliso Y CTapHjHM H BHCOKO CTpy'lHHM TeKCTOBHMa KaTKa,n ce H y cpncKoM TPeTHpa Kao cpe,nILH po,n MHO)KHHe (PMC TO ,l:Iaje Kao je,l:lHY O,l:l,l:lBe MoryliHocTH no,n o,npe,l:lHHu.OM ap XU6a.tluja), anH je ,l:IaJleKO 06H'IHi'lje -a.tluje Kao MHO)KHHa )KeHCKOr pO,l:la (ca MO TaKO HX ,naje Ba6HIi 1991:208). Y nHTaHoY je HCKonHKO peljHX HMeHHu.a . ,. ,. )"IeHor Kaparcrepa: apXU6a.tlUJe cnHCH KOJH ce HaJla3e y apxHBy ,MY3UKaJlUje 'npe,l:lMeTH KOjH crra,najy y MY3HKY, HapOqHTO HHcTPYMeHTH H HOTe', My3ea Jluje (ca oKpILeHoM OCHOBOM) 'MY3ejcKH npe,l:lMeTH', iil.eaiil.pa.tluje (KO,l:l Ba 6Hlia, HaB. M., 'TeaTapCKe CTBaPH (y amrrpaKTHOM 3HaQeHoY)'. 11 je,nHHHY H MHO)KHHY HMa XeMUKa.tluja 109, r,l:le MO)KeMO CMaTPaTH ,na je OCHOBa Kao y 3a CTapenOM XeMUK = XeMU'l.ap, ,na He 6HCMO YSO,l:lHJIH noce6aH CytPHKC -KaJluja. Ba6HIi y OBY rpyrry ,l:IO,l:laje H peupecaJIuje, ,netPHHlfmyliH HX Kao 'penpeCHBHe Mjepe', aJlH rpemH,jep OBa peq HeMa Be3e CpenpecHjoM HH no 3Ha'ieHoY (o,n Ma3,na) HHTH no eTHMOnornjH (,l:IOna3H o,n naT. reprehendere 'nOBpaTHTH', npeKO cpe,nILOBeKOBHor naT. repre[n]salia, a He O,l:l reprimere repressum).
2.6. -AHJl:, O,l:l HaCTaBKa naTHHCKor repYH,nHBa, ca 3HaqeHoeM pa,l:lHoC Koja T p e 6 a ,l:Ia ce H3BpmH, ,l:IOJIa3H caMO y ,l:IBe-TpH peTKe H yqeHe pe'lH: dOKiil.opaHd 'oHaj KOjH ce cnpeMa ,l:Ia ,l:IOKTOpHpa', aHaJlOrHO TOMe Mazu ciil.paHd (y peqHHKY CAHY), y KaTOnHqKoj l(pKBH KOlujJUpMalld 'oHaj KOjH ce cnpeMa ,na npHMH KOHtPHpMal(Hjy, KPH3MY'.
2.7• .naneKo je qelI1lie -aHT, O,l:l HaCTaBKa naTHHCKor napTHl(Hna npe 3eHTa, ca 3HaqeHoeM BpmHou.a pa,nHoe. CXO,l:lHO CBOM nOpeKJIy, y BeliHHH pe qH HMa OCHOBY rnarona Ha -Upaiil.u: adpecauiil. llO, Ului/Jpalliii, ullKacalliil., eMUZpafliii, UMUZpalliil., KauuiiiYJlalliil., cUMYJlaHiii, Ulliil.puzalliii, deMoll ciiipalliii, Maiiiypalliii, :J1Cupalliil. (npeMa :J1Cupupaiiiu 'jaM'IHTH, 6HTH nOTnH CHHK Ha MeHHl(H'), y KaTOnHqKoj U.pKBH MUHuciil.paniii (npeMa MUHUCiil.pU paiiiu ' oncnY)KHBaTH CBemTeHHKa 3a BpeMe MHce') HT,l:I. MO)Ke TaKolje 6HTH o,n rnarona Ha -o6aiiiu (ducKyiiialliii, KoncYJliil.auiiI., upojeKiil.alliil., Jlui/Je 109 Y 113BOPIIOM HCMa'lKOM II OBa IIMellllua HMa caMO MHOlKllHY - Chemikalien, pI. 110 Y npaBOM 3Ha'le",y caMO 'oHaj KojllllApeCllpa', Tj. nOWIIJh3Jlau, 3Jl1I ce 'leCTO no rpeWHO ynOTPe6JhaBa YMeCTO aiJpecaiil (npIlManau). PMC .a.aje npBO 3Ha'ie",e 6e3 UIITBTB, .a.pyro c je.a.HIIM l\IITBTOM 113 .LJ:oMaHoBlllia ("nIlCMO Hllje .a.owno y pYKe aAPcCaHTY").
2.7.1. YrnaBHOM no yme,ny Ha HeMa'lKH, -aHiiI. MO)Ke ,nOIiH H Ha HMe HHqKe OCHOBe: MJ3UKaHiii, UOJluiil.uKaHiiI. (c nejopaTHBHHM 3HaQeI:beM y no peljeILY ca MY3u'l.ap O,l:lHOCHO UOJluiil.u'l.ap), KOMedujauiil. (nope,n KOMedu jaUl), IIUpK)'CaHiiI., iilpa¢uKalliil., UlMupaHiiI. 'cna6 mYMal(', nOCne,nH.HX ro ,nHHa a3W1aHiiI. (oc06a Koja ,n06Hja, HnH Koja TPa)KH, npaBO a3HJIa) HT,n. Y PYCH3MY dU6ep3alliil. CKpalieHa je OCHOBa peqH dU6ep3uja. OBaMo 6HCMO Hajnpe CBPCTaJlH H Koouepalliil. H KOJla6opalliil. (npeMa Koouepalluja, KOJla 6opalluja, ,l:IOK cy rnaronH O,l:l OBHX ,l:IBejy OCHOBa Hey06H'1ajeHH), Kao H de HYlll1ujaHiiI. (O,l:l HeM. Denunziant), YKonHKo ra H3BO,lU{M0 H3 dellYllllujalluja, a He H3 dellYllllupaiil.u (B. 2.44.2). 2.S. YqeHH CytPHKC -apHj(YM), naTHHCKor nopeKJIa, MO)Ke 3Ha'lHTH cKyn npe,l:lMeTa 03HaqeHHX OCHOBHOM HMeHHl(OM, Kao y uHciil.pYMeHiil.a PUj(yM), ZJWcapuj(yM) (qemlie ZJlocap), HJIH y npeTe)KHO xpBaTCKOM ¢pa3a puj (KO,l:l KnaHlia ,l:IetPHHHcaHO 'pjeqHHK tPpa3a': BepOBaTHO O,l:l HTaJlHjan CKor /rasario, Koje 3Ha'lH H y06H'IajeHH tPOH.z:l tPPa3a, tPpa3eonornjy). C ,l:IPYK'IHjHM 3HaqeHoeM je ilIlalleiil.apuj(YM). HeMoTHBHcaHH cy xep6a PUj(YM), aK6apuj(yM) H cn. Be3 -YM ce jaBlha CIIellapuj, Koje je caMO BapH jaHTa 0,1:{ cllellapuo « HeM. Szenario: je,l:lHHa pe'l ca 3aBpmeTKOM -iPHO, aKO He paqYHaMO HeMOTHBHcaHO IIMupecapuo). 2.9. -AT, naTHHCKOr nopeKJIa, ,l:IOna3H Ha HMeHHqKe H rnaroJICKe OCHD Be H MO)Ke HMaTH BpJIO pa3HOnHKa 3HaQeIDa. BepoBarno je nOJIa3HY Ta'lK)' Ilpe,nCTaBlhaJIO 3Ha'ieHoe ,nenaTHOCTH, Kao y M€IIelUliil., iiaiiipoHaiil., auocWo Jlaiil., uOHiil.upuKaiil. (ca OCHOBOM npeMa naT. ponti/ex -jicis). O,l:laTJIe ce Pa3 BHja Cje.nue CTPaHe 3Ha'ieHoe ,np)KaBe HnH TeplITopHje no,n BJIa,naBHHOM OCO 6e 03Ha'lene MOTHBHOM HMeHHuoM, Kao y CYJliiianaiil., KaJlUpaiil., eMupaiil., 111 Jom O.a.asHO npeY3eTO 83 3anllAHHX je3llKa Y QPK8eHOM 3Ha'le",y, 3Ha'iCu.e 'oco6a Koja npoTecryje' .a.0611n0 je TeK nocne.a.",1lK rOJ{llHa, BepoBaTHO ycne.a. Ilojase nOnHTH'IKHX cKynosa KOjH ce HHCY MornH HB3BaTH MaHH41eCTalUljaMa HJ{II .a.eMOHCTPaUHjaMa y npasoM cMHcny pe'lH, Hero ynpaBo OpoiileciilUMa.
226
T Bop6a PC'lH y CaBpCMCIIOM CpnCKOM jC311!(Y
CyqlHKCal.lHja
UJew(aiii (B. KnajH 1992), upoiiieKiiiopaiii (YfI. 11 Call1)aKafJ1, r.D.e je 3HaqeH.e je.D.HaKO OCHOBHOj HMeHHIJ.H), C.D.pyre CTpaHe 1HaqCfbC ype.D.a HlHI YCTaHOBe, Kao y KOll3YJlaiil, MapUl.a!laiil, ullcueKiilopaiil, eKOIlOMaw, oeKaHaiil, peKiilo paiil, lleKiilopaiil (JICKTOPCKH nocao, aJJH H HHCTHTYl.\Hja, Hnp. "Ha KaTe.D.pH ne ce OTBOpHTH JIeKTOpaT 1a nOlbCKH je1HK"). C KOJIeKTHBHHM 1HaqelMM cy iilpujYAf6upaiil, uaiilpuijujaiil 'naTpHIJ.HjcKH CTaJIe)K, nJIeMCTBO', llauKaiil (PCAHY: 'JIHIJ.a Koja cy BaH CBeUITeHHqKOr CTaJJe)Ka' "nH 'HenOCBeneHa, HepYKonOnO)!{CHa CBeUITeHa nHIJ.a', aHaJJornO .D.BojaKoM 1Ha'lefbY HMeHHl.\e llaUK), euucKouaiil y .D.pyrOM 3Ha'lelbY 'cKyn enHCKona y je.D.Hoj 3eMlbH'.
2.9.2. -HjaT, naTHHCKor nopeKna, jaBIba ce y MaJIOM 6pojy peqH CBP JIO pa3JIHqHTHM 3Ha'lelbHMa: ype.D. HnH ce.D.HWTC y ceKpeiilapujaiil, KOMeca jJUjaiil, 6uKapujaiil 'ynpasa BHKapa; nO.D.pyqje BHKapOBe ynpaBe'; 36HPHO 3Ha<\efbe y upolleiilapujaiil (ca OCHOBOM npeMa JIaT. proietarius, .D.OKje iipo Ileiilep H3
CaCBHM noce6Ha 3Haqefba HaJIalHMO y oOKiilopaiil, Ul.aAtuuouaiil, aope caiil (npHMaJJau. nHCMa), y ouujaiil 'neK KOjH Ca,D,p)KH onHjYM HlTH .D.CpHBaT onHjYMa', y uciilopujaiil, r.D.e je 3Haqefbe caMO c~eHo H Cnel.\H
2.9.1. H3Be.D.eHHue O.D. rnarona Ha -upaiuu, -ucawu, -06awu caMO peT KO OlHaqaBajy J'bY.D.e, Kao y Oetle2aW HJIH KaHouoaiil. qewne ce O.D.HOCe Ha He)!{HBe nojMoBe, ca 3HaqelbCM npOH3BO.D.a rnarOJICKe Pa.D.lbe, npe CBera y xeMHjcKHM TepMHHHMa Kao upeuapaiil, pUlliilpaiil, cy6llUMaiil, oeciilUllaiil, KOHijeHiilpaiil, KOHOeH3aiil, aJJH H Y peqHMa WHpe ynoTpe6e, Kao ijuiilaiil, oUKiilaiil, pepepaiil, etla6opaiil, pe3ep6aiil, KOM6uHaw, pa6puKaiil, Pa!lCU pUKaiil H cn.1I2 He 6HCMO OBaMO YBPCTHJIH pe3Ylliilaiil, 6Y.D.ynH .D.a ce rJIa rOJI pe3Ylliilupaiilu ocena RaO H3Be.D.eH H3 HMeHHIJ.e a He 06pHyTO. 112 HeKe 0.1{ OBHX pe'iH, npHMJI,eHe BepOBaTHO npcKO pYCKor, rpaljeHe cy cynpoTHo npaBHJlHMa naTlfHCKe rpaMaTHKe. TaKBe cy eKcUOHaUl (0.1{ naT. exponere napTHllJfD He MOlKC 611TH *exponalum Hero exposilum) HJlH Ko",iipUMaUl, KaKO ce lIa naKOBaH.IIMa 'lCCTO 03Ha'la Bajy 60M6oHe .Il.o6Hjelle npeCOBIIH.CM: 0.1{ comprimere napTHUHn jc compressum a HHKaKO *comprimatum. Jow je.!{Ha 'ieCTa rpeWKa lIa naKOBaH.HM!I npcxpaM6eHHX npOH3BO.ll.a jeCTe eKciIlpaUl yM. eKciIlpaKiIl, O'f.HrJlC.!{HO YCJlM nOBoljelba 3a TepMHHHMa THna KOH"IeuiIlpaiIl.
227
.2.10. -El je CTHHqKH Cy
(1.24.17). 2.13. -ERT je O.D. naTHHCKor napTHIJ.Hna npC3eHTa, aHaJJorno CY
228
TlIop6a pe'lH y CallpeMeHOM CpnCICOM je:JHK)'
Cyq,HICCaI.{Hja
229
3eHm, aiiCmUHeHm, ciUyoeHiU, aiicoJleeuiU, acuciUeltm, KOH3YMelliU, peq;e Kao cepeucep, (ayiUo)ciUouep, HOKayiUep (60Kcep KOjlf '1eCTO n06eljyje HO KayroM: 3aCa.l\ caMO Y HIfKonHneBOM pe'lHIfKY), oU3ajHep, UlMUlIKep MO:lK,l:la peHm, iWHI<),peHiU, oupu2elliU, iipeiUelloeTliU, oeiioHeHm H jow HeKY pel}y pe'l. Cse 03Ha'iaBajy Jhy,ncKa 6Hha, OCIfM MaTeMam'lKOr TepMIfHa eKcuo 61f HajnpHpo,nHlfje 6lfJlO H3BO.Alfm 1f3 IfMeHHQa, anlf MOry 6HTIf H 1f3 rnaro na cepeucupaiUu, (ayiUo)ciUouupaiUu, HOKayiUupaiiiu. oU3ajl/upaiUu, UlMUlI- \ \HeHm (r,nc HCMa jacHc MOTHBaQHoHe BC3C CmarOJlOM eKcuouupaiUu) H aHO , ~ , KaiUu. Cnlf'lHO TOMC je If pexucep (o,n pexuja IfnH o,n pexupaiUu), r,ne ' MaJJHor HCOJlOrH3Ma eHep2emu 113BOP cHcprHJc , o,n pC,AyKosaHe HMeHlf'lKC \
OCHOBe (,nBa npHMepa H3 WTaMne HaBc,neHa cy y KnajH 1992).
2.14. ITo,n CytPlfKCOM -ep no,npalYMeBaMo 3anpaBo ,nBa, jc,naH C KpaT KHM e nOpCKJIOM 1f3 HCMa'iKOr If CHmCCKor, ,npyrH -"ip, o,n tPPaHQyclwr -eur (Hnp. Macep < masseur), KaTKa,n If o,n tPP. -aire (MU/lUOHep < millionnaire). Je,naH o,n ,npyror He MOJKC CC C'rporo paJrpaHH'II1TH, jep jc H3rOBOp HCHa fJIarneHIfX ,nYJKHHa '1eCTO HCYCTaJheH, HeKH nYT cy aKQeHT H CTIfMOJlOrHja Y paCKopaKY (q;pU3ep jc o,n tPp.friseur, aJJH CC Y Cp6HjH rOTOBO YBCK H3rOBa pa q;pu.sep; peuopiUep je '1HCTO eHrJleCKa PC'I, aJJH ce H3rOBapa C,nyrHM -"ip Kao ,na je 113 tPpaHQYCKor), a MHorc pe'lH (Kao peKopoep, UpOcH03ep, q;aca oep, peKeu3uiUep HT,n.) jecy tPpaHQYCKH nccy,noaHrJlIfu,113MI1, HCMa'iKH nce y,noraJJHQH3MH HJlH Harnc aHaJIOrnKe KpeaU,Hje, TaKO ,na 0 eTHMOJlOrlfjH H He BpC,n1f paCnpaBJham. C 063lfPOM Ha CBe TO, os,ne heMo -ep TpempaTH Kao jC,nI1HcTBeH CYtPHKC, Ma,na hCMO Y HaBoljca:.y npHMcpa HacTojaTH .,na npBO ,naMO OHe C KpaTKHM a KacHHje OHe C ,nyrHM e.
-c-, npeY3eTO 1f3 tPpaHu,YCKor, MO)J(eMO CMaTpam 3a IJpOWlfpea:.e, ,na He 611 CMO cTBapanl1 noce6aH CytPHKC -cep.
2.14.2. Ca IfMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMa cy nOHCKI1 aHmlfQlf3MI1 Kao oOKep 'JlY'lKH Pa.l\HHK', pOKep, uauKep, o,ncKopa peiiepl14, '1eCTO If ncey,noaHrJlH QH3MH Kao peKopoep, iUeHucep, q;yo6Mep, 1,le3epIl5. Nomina professionis cy iUaumep, capoepo6ep, peK61t3UiUep, MOHiUa:JICep (CTpY'Ia:.aK 3a tPMIlMCKY MOHTa)J(Y), q;acaoep (CTpY'la:.aK 3a 113Pa.a:y <}laca.l\a) H cn.; ylI. H ciUaxep (= CTa)J(IfCTa, nplfnpaBHHK). ITo IfMOBHHIf KOjy noce,Ayjy HalBaHIf cy MU/lUO lIep, MU/lujapoep, ilIlalliUaxep 'BnacHIfK lIJlaHTaJKe'. KacKaoep ce y cpn CKOM He MOJKe CMa'IpaTH 1f3Be.AeHHu,OM, jep tPP. cascadeur ,nonalH O.A ca scade y CMHCJlY '(aKp06aTcKH) lIa.l\', ,nOK KO,n Hac KacKaoa HeMa TO 3Ha'lC a:.e. lloce6aH cnyqaj je M02allUllep (y pe'lHHKy CAHY) O,nHOCHO M02a3Ullep (y PMC) 'CJlyJK6eHIfK y MaraQHHY', ,naneKO 06H'IHlfjH y 06JllfKY M02alluo lIep, ycne,n norpewHe aHanorlfje C pe'lHMa THlIa rpYHKlluoHep (B. 2.33).
'2.14.3. C HeJKHBHM 3Ha'lea:.eM je caMO HeKOJlHKO 1f3Be,neHIfQa O.A ma rOJla Ha -oeaiUu O,nHOCHO -upaiUu: aMOpiUl13ep, iUpallciiopiUep Cypeljaj 3a npeHornea:.e TepCTa, KOHBejep' MIlH BpCTa BojHor B03HJla), ciUapiUep y,npy rOM 3Halfea:.y (ypeljaj 3a nOKpCTaa:.e MOTopa), aoauiUep (,no,naTaK 3a a.l\arna QHjy, 061f'lHO eJleKTpIf'lHHX IfJlH eJJeKTpOHCKHX anapaTa), lCIlacep (tPP· clas seur: tPaCQHKIla 3a KIlaClfpaa:.e, PalBpCTaBaa:.e ,nOKYMeHaTa, MIlH BpCTa an 6YMa 3a MapKe) HT,n. O,n ManO y06lflfajeHe IfMeHIfu,e iUpel/axa (= rpeHHHr: y PMC npeHeTO 1f3 KnaHnesor pe'lHHKa, 6e3 U,HTaTa) 1f3Be,neHO je iUpel/a xep, HallfB 3a palHe BpCTe anapaTa 3a rpeHHpalbe.
2.14.1. rOTOBO CBC H3Bc,nCHHQe 3Ha'iC '10BeKa, BprnHou,a pa.l\a:.e, na jc PalYMJhHBO rnTO cy HajBehHM ,neJJOM o,n maraJlCKIfX OCHosa. O,n PC,nYKOBaHC OCHOBC marOJIa Ha -oeamu .AOJlale 6oKcep, CUpUllmep, ciUapiUep (y aTJICT CKOM 3Ha'lea:.y), uaKep, KUOllaUep, UliUUMep (ca CnOJKCHIfQOM lCIlaeupUliUu Atep, ,nHpeKTHO H3 HeMa'{J(or), 6oM6apoep, KU6ullep HT,n.; TOMe 6HCMO MOJK.Aa .AO,naJJH H MOllep (Ma.l\a je fJlarOJl MOJloeaiUu .AaHaC npCTeJKHO 3aCTapco, 3a Mea:.CH ,npyrlfM rcpMaHH3MOM, q;ap6amu) H oU/lep (Ma.l\a jc Ta HMeHIfQa Haj npe n03ajMJheHa 1f3 CHrJleCKOr, a rnarOJl oU/loeaiUu ce jaBlfo HaKHa.l\HO). 3HaTHO je Bl1rne OCHOBa o,n maraJIa Ha -upaiUu: mpeHep, Ulyiilep, 1,locep 2.14.4. O,n npH.lteSCKe pe,AyKoBaHe OCHOBe je oeciiepaiUep MIlH oe (KrrajH 1992), cepeep (TeHHcKIf TepMIfH; o,ncKopa H HallfB 3a npeHocHou,a Uluepamep 'olfaj HHK'• ycnyra Ha MHTepHery, Ifnlf 3a YMpeJKeH KOMnjyrep KOjlf nocJlYJKYje TepMIf CnO)J(eHH CytPIfKCH: Hane y MpCJKIf), q;pU3ep, opecep, Macep, MOHmep, cpaeep, apaHxep, acq;M 2.14.5 -Hjep, areHTHBHH CytPHKC, ,nOJlall1 Y HTaJDljaHH3MHMa C01l001lU mep, MUHep, oy6Jlep, cyq;Jlep, XOHZIlep, ilIlaHep, upocpaMep, UpOcllo3ep, pe jep H Kapa6u1lujep (OBO ,npyro lfeCTQ H3Mea:.eHO y Kapa6u1bep: yn. 6oM601bepa KIlaMep, u03ep, q;pa3ep, iipoq;uiUep, ca6oiUep, oe3epmep, UlapMep HT,n. y 2.25). Jow lfewhe je y raJJHQH3MHMa: xOiUeJlujep, pelliUujep, q;UllaHcujep,
231
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMel-lOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
CYCPHKClIUHja
WtmCOllujep, pOMallcujep (npOWMpeIhe OCHOBe npe}'3eTO je H3 Ij>PaHUYCKOr, r,ne je TaKolje roman aJIH romancier). Y Ij>paHl:.\YCKOM je Ij>HHaJIHO -r HeMO, aJIH ce KO,n Hac H3rOBapa (3a pa3JlHKy o,n HeMOTHBHcaHHX raJIHUH3aMa Kao croupier > Kpyiiuje, conferencier> KOHrjJepaHc[u}je) no yrne.ny 6MJIO Ha HTaJIHjaHH3Me, 6MJIO Ha areHTHBe THIla Macep, o€3epiii.ep. Ca 36HpHHM 3Ha'ieIDeM je HTaJIMja HH3aM KaHtJoHujep « canzoniere), 'necMapHua'.
je, 6y.nyhH ,na ca HCTHM 6pOjHHM 3Ha'lCILeM nocToje Ha3HBH MHTepBaJIa (no 3HaTM CBaKOM M}'3M'iapy) ilieptJa, K6apwa, KBUHifla HT.n.
230
2.14.6. -ATep je
2.16. -EcKa, 6e3 HKaKBor 3aje,nHH'IKor 3Ha'leIha, HMaMO caMO y xyMO peCKa H cOAoaiii.ecKa. OCTaJIe pe'IH C OBHM 3aBpmeTKOM (6YPAecKa, zpoiii.e cKa, apa6eCKa) HeMOTHBHcaHe cy y cpnCKoM. 2.17. -ET2 (noHeKa,n H C KpaTKHM e) HMa HecYMI:bHBO ,neMHHyrHBHO 3HaqeIbe y pe'IHMa 6azoueiii. H KaMUOHeiii.. CJIH'IHO je H 6apoHeiii., eHrJIeCKa IIJIeMHIiKa THTYna HH)Ka o,n 6apoHa. My3H'IKH TepMHHH oyeiii., iii.eptJeiii., K6apiii.eiii., K6uHiii.eiii., ceKciii.eiii., ceiiiii.eiii., oKiii.eiii., 1l0Heiii. 03Ha'IaBajy aH caM6JI o,n o,nroBapajylier 6poja neBa'la O,nHOCHO CBMpa'Ia: npaKTH'IHO HX MO)l(eMO cMaTpaTH MOTHBHcaHHM, 6ap y OKBHpHMa cTpy'IHe TCPMHHOJIOrH 116 Pe'l 031-1a'l8Ba npe-relKI-IO lKel-lCKO 3aHHMalf>e, ycne.n '1era jc MyWKH po.n cUijyapiJ 3HaTHO pe~H y ynOTpeOH; jaBJba ce H y 1I0rpeWHOM 06nHKY ciiijyapUi, ycne,l( opKalf>a C "Me· HOM HnH lIpe3HMeHOM Stuart/Stewart.
Y OCTaJIHM pC4HMa, npe Hero H300ljel:be, HaJIa3HMO 3aje.nHH'IKe OCHO Be H acouMj~THBHe Be3e, Kao y oy6Aeiu (yn. oyilAu, oy6Aupawu, oy6Aep), wpuilAeifl (yn. iii.puilAupaiii.u: no PMC iii.pufiAeili HJIH ilipuilAefila 3Ha'lH 'TpM 3.npy)KeHa npc.nMCTa' HJIH 'Tpoje, TpOjHUa, TpHO', a y JIHHrBHCTHUH 'je,nHa o,n rpH BapHjaHTe HeKe pe'lH'), Ka6ullefil (yn. Ka6uHa), iiaKefil (yn. iiaK06afilu). 11 rpeUH3aM aiion02efil(a), Ma.na Ca,nPlKH Cylj>HKC caCBHM .npy ror nOpeKJIa H 3Ha'leH>a, HMa 3aje.nHH'IKy OCHOBY CHMeHHUOM aiioAozuja.
2.18. -Eya2 je ,nCMHHyrHBHH Cy
232
TBop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHoM CprrCKOM je3HKY
CY
Oc06eHOCT je OBor CY
CTaBalbeM pe'lli Ha -U3(a)M, nOWTO HaM je BIDKHHje .1:\a HX no.o.eJJHMO no BP CTaMa H 06JlH[(HMa OCHOBe.
Ma1cujo.6e1lU3aM, Mo.KapiUU3aM, UlPOIIKU3aM.
OCHose Ha -K .o.06Hjajy II, Kao y KaUlOIlUIIU3aM, KIlo.CUIIU3aM, ciUoUIIU 3aM, MUCUlUIIU3aM, cKeuiUulIU3aM, ZpellU3aM, iUYPIIU3aM H CJl. O.o.rosapajy hH npH.o.esH, 6ap y pe'fHMa rp'lKO-JIaTHHCKOr nopeKJla, 3aBpwasajy ce Ha -'IKU HJIH -'IaH (KaUlOIlU'IKU, KIlo.CU'Io.H HT.o..). rra TaKO HMaMO H upaKiUUllu 3aM HacnpaM UpaKUlU'IaH. Y H3Be.o.eHHuaMa 0.0. HMeHa, Kao WTO npHMehyje Iia6Hli 1991:254, oCTaje K, Hnp. llaMo.pKU3aM, ueUlpapKU3aM. OCHose cy BpJlO 'IeCTO pe.o.yKOSaHe, npe csera o.o.6a[(HSaIbeM CY
uaIlUPUCUlU'IKU.
2.21.1. 3Ha'leIbe H3Be.o.eHH[(a Ha -U3(o.)JlI TeWKO je OnHCaTH,jep nope.o. Haj3aCTynJheHHjer 3Ha'leIba nOJlHTHqKOr ypegeIba, BepcKor Y'IeIba HJlH YMeTHH'IKOr, HayqHor,
233
2.21,2. OCHose cy no npaSHJIy CTpaHor nOpeKJIa. HHCY y06H'fajeHH XH6pH.1:\H Kao xU60iUWuU3aM (y PMC Cje.1:\HHM l.\HTaTOM H3 'faConlica "Ha wa KlbH>KeBHOCT", .1:\e
2.21.3. 3a HMeHHttKe OCHose Hajn03HaTHjH DpHMepH 6H 6HJlH Kailu iUatlU3aM, uaiUpuoiUU3aM, paCU3aJ1t, oecilOiUU3aJ1t, pepOpMU3aJ1t, zanzciUe PU3aM, 6aHOuiUU3aM, iUepOpU3aJ1t, e.tIUiUU3aJ1t, ilpoiUeciUauiUU3aM, UCIlaJltU 3aM, peeaUUlU3aJ1t, auiUuce.MuiUU3aJ1t, 6allOatlU3aM, Uapa3UiUU3aM, CHo6u 3aM, aMaiUepU3aM, OU/leiUauiUU3aJ1t, CUM601lU3aJ1t, peiUUUlU3aJ1t, uouoiUu 3aM, atlKOXOIlU3aJ1t HT.o.., He pa'lYHajynH MHor06pojHe HeMOTHBHcaHe Kao KOMYUU3aM, Pe.MUItU3aJ1t, eiUaiUU3aJ1t, JllexallU3aJ1t HT.o.. iloce6HY rpyny '1H
He H3Be.1:\eHH[(e 0.0. npe3HMeHa (MaKUjaee.tlU3aM, CaOU3aJ1t, Ma30XU3aM, Katl 6UUU3aJ1t, oap6UUU3aJ1t, MapKCU3aJ1t, llelb,U1IU3aJ1t, CiUalbUUU3aJ1t, iUpOIlKU3aM, XOaU06U3aJ1t, xuiilIiepU3aJ1t, ilapKUUCOUU3aJ1t HT.1:\.), peTKO 0.0. MHTCKOr HMe Ha Kao y uaplIUCU3aJ1t l18 HJlH 6y0U3aM.
2.21.4. npH.o.eBCKe OCHOBe cy 'lHTase caMO aKO ce 3aBpwasajy Ha -U, KaO y XYMaUU3aM, MOOepUU3aJ1t, oilopiUYUU3aM, allOXpOllU3aM. OCTaJle ry6e CY
CTaBaMO OBaMO H KOlleKiUu6U3aJ1t (Ma.o.a 6H Morno 6HTH H 0.0. HMeHHue KO lleKiUu6) H upo¢eCUOHa/lU3aJ1t (Ma.o.a 6H Morno 6HTH H 0.1:\ upo¢eCUOHatlall,
aHaJIOrHO ca aJltaiUepU3aJ1t). Cy
\
234
Tllop6a pe'lH Y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje:lIlKY
2.21.5.
-ATH3(a)l'tJ je BapHjaHTa Koja ce jaBJLa y3 rp'lKe HMemu.\e Ha
-Ma (reHMTHB -alos): OOZMaUiU3aM, peYMaiUU3aM, iUpaYMaUiu3aM, cxeMa iUU3aM (WeMaUiU3aM).
2.21.6. Y Cy$MKCy -lIoIU13(a)l'tJ CerMeHT -UOI/- ~OJIa3M H3 naTMHCKe npoMeHe MMeHMIla Ha -uja naT. -io -ion is). lhBe~eHMIle npHn~ajy Haj BenMM ~enOM nOJIHTM'IKOM pe'IHMKY, Kao peeU3UOHU3aM. ce/.lecuOIIU3aM.
«
UpOiUeK/.IUOIIU3aM. eKciiaH3UOIIU3aM, KO/la6opa/.lUOItU3aM, UlliUepeell/.lUOllu 3aM (y pe'IHMKy CAHY), OUCUipYK/.IUOHU3aM (Ge3 cyMlbe nocTojH, M~a HH je nOCBe~O'IeHO y pe'IHHIlHMa; EHIl. IJpoCBeTe HMa oiiciUpYK/.IUOHUciUu Kao TepMMH y3 eHrJIeCKe MCTopHje); H3 aMepM'IKOr eHrneCKor ~OruJIM cy a60/lu /.IUOHU3aM, U30/la/.luoHU3aM, BepoBaTHo M iipoxu6u/.IUOIIU3aM. Y HaYIlM MMa MO eeO/lY/.luOHU3aM, y YMeTHOCTH UMupeCUOllU3aM M eKciipecUOIlU3aM, ~OK Ha'IMHe nOHaruaa.a 03Ha'IaBajy eZ3u6u/.I1WlIU3aM (y PCAHY: CBaKaKO oGM'IHMje Hero eKcxu6u/.IuOItU3aM, KaKO nMrue ByjaKJIMja ~p)KeliM ce IIpa BonMca M3 1960). 3a 'IMCTe rpeWKe Mopajy ce cMaTpaTH KOHtjJY"lUOItU3aM (PMC) M KOUtjJY/.IUOHU3aM (PCAHY), jep o~ MMeHa KOHtjJY"IlljelKolltjJY/.Iuje M3Be~eHHIla MO)Ke rnaCHTH caMO KOHtjJY"IlljaHU3aMIKolltjJY/.IujallU3aM (yn. KOHtjJY"IujaItCKU, KOHtjJY'.mjalla/.l). 3a Cy$MKC -Hja1 Beli CMO peKJIH (1.54) ~aje yrnaBHoM HeO~BO 1 JHB o~ -uja , Gy~liH ~a cy 06a y Kpaja.oj nMHHjM MCTor nopeKJIa. 0 H3BO
2.22.
ijelhY nYTeM cy$HKca -uja Kao cTpaHor, ca CTpaHHM OCHOBaMa, MO)Ke ce ro BOpMTM TeK y HeKonMKO npHMepa. Ca MMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMa TO 6H Morne GHTM iUupauuja, uouoUiuja (= M~HOTH3aM), Uie/lezpatjJuja, Uie/le<jJoltuja, MUKpotjJoHuja (nHllITaae H3a3BaHO CMeTH>aMa y MMKpO$OHY: pe'I 3a6ene )KeHa 3ac~ caMO y OPCJ), CUHOIlUMuja (CHHOHHMHOCT, CHHOHHMCKH O~ HOC), UioiioHUMuja (CKyn TonOHHMa). Je~HY pe'I Kao ruTO je tjJU/l030tjJuja, HanpOTHB, He MO)KeMO Ha HCTH Ha'IMH CMaTPaTM M3Be~eHOM O~ PU/l030P, jep GM noAie~HaKo onpaB~aHO, aKO He H onpaB~aHMje, GHno 06PHYTO H3Boijelhe (HYJITHM Cy$HKCOM: pU/lO 30<jJ-8 = 'oHaj KO ce GaBH $Mn030$MjoM'). Y TaKBOM cnY'Iajy MMa CMHCJIa je~HHo rOBOpHTH 0 KopenaIlHjM cy$HKca, TO jeCT KOHCTaTOBaTM ~a ca MCTOM OCHOBOM OGJIHK Ha -uja 3Hat lH p~lhy a oHaj Ha -8 BpwMOIla HJIM HO cHOIla p~lhe. HCTH je cJIyqaj M C HH30M ~pyrHx napOBa, Kao MeUia/lYpz
MeUia/lypzuja, OPaMaUiypz - Opa.MaUiypzuja, Ouii/loMaUi(a) - ouii/loMaUiu ja, Uie/leuaUi(a) - Uie/leiiaUiuja, ucuxoiiaUi(a) - iicuxouaUiuja, eKOIlOM eKoHoMuja, azpOHOM - azpoHoMUja, acUipOUOM - acUipolloMuja, CUipaUiez - cUipaUiezuja, iieoazoz ueoazozuja, pU/laHUipou - pU/laHUipoiiuja, MU 3auUipoii - MU3aHwpouuja, XUiioxoHoap - xuiioxollopuja, Mouapx - MO Hapxuja, o/luzapx - o/luzapxuja H CJI. ,[\pYrH no pe~y eJIeMeHT y OBMM rpe-
CycjJHKC3l\Hja
235
IlM3MHMa 'IeCTO je CY
(6uo-. iicuxo-. weo- ~T~.), zeozpap zeozpapuja (eUillo-. poUio- HT~.). iieootjJU/I - ueootjJU/luja (pPalIKO-. 300- HT~.). aUZ/lop06 - all2llorfJ06uja (KceHo- HUt.), zpapoMaH - zpapoMallllja (uupo- HT~.). Y HeKHMa o~ lhHX ce 'IHHH onpaB~aH~e H3Boijelhe Cyq>HKCOM -uja (Hnp: apucilloKpaUiuja , ~pyWTBeHM cnoj apHcToKpaTa '), y )ij)yrHMa o6pHYTo (Hnp. pOUiozpa<jJ
, oHaj KO ce GaBH $ororpa$MjoM'), aJIH y BeliMHM cny'IajeBa MOTHBal.{Hja He ~aje npe~HOCT HMje~HoM HM ~pyroM cMepy, naje H OB~e CHrypHO caMO no cTOjaEhe 3aje~HH'IKe OCHOBe. Y napy UHXe1t>ep (uHXU1t>ep) - ulIxe1t>epuja (y BojCIlH je yoGH'Ia jeHo UHXU1t>epuja) HeMa CTsapHe MOTHBaIlHOHe Bele, jep HH)KHEhepHja HH je HH)KeaepCKH nocao Hero po~ BojcKe, a lheHH I1plm~HHIlH He 30BY ce HH)KeaepH Hero u//xulbep/.lu.
2.22.1. 0 Cy
2.22.2.0 H3BoljeEhY H3 npH~eBcKe OCHOBe MO)KeMO BepOBaTHO rOBO pHTH y MOHoiUoHuja, a CBaKaKO y pluralia tantum-oGJIHIlHMa KOMYlla/luje, MapZUHa/luje, ZeHepa/luje, eeeHiUya/luje. ETHMonowKH, 3aBprueTaK OBHX I10CJle~lhHX 'IempHjy pe'IM ~OJIa3H o~ naTHHCKor -alia (n pI.) Galli Kao H y pe'IHMa THna apxuea/luje Koje CMO B~eJIl" y 2.5; anH ~OK je TaMO y cpn CKOM nocTojana caMO HMeHHl.{a Kao OCHOBa, OB~e je MOTHBHa pe'I I1pH~eB Ha -a/l(a)H. Y ApyrHM napoBHMa, Kao ayiUofloMuja - ayiiioHoMaH. CUMe iUpuja - cUMeiUpu"laH. xapMoHuja - xapMOHUllaH H CJI., HMeHHIla H npH
236
TBop6a pe'-IH y CaBpCMCHOM CpnCKOM je31!)(Y
CyqIH)(Ca1l.Hja
,neB ,neJIe OCHOBY, an" ce He MO)!(e yrBp,nHTH CMep ,nepHBaL\"je (rro,nje,nHaKO GH npHXBaTJbHBO GHJIO "aYWOIW,.lUja - ocoGHHa OHora IlITO je aYTOHOM HO" H "aywof.loMaH - KOjH HMa ayroHoMHjy").
BepOBaTHO e
2.22.3. CJIo1i<eHH Cy
2.25. -Rjepa HaJ1a3HMO caMO y ,nBa ranHUH3Ma, 60M6oHujepa H uy opujepa (r,ll,e Hailla OCHOBa maCH uyiJep, anH yn. xpBaTCKO uyopaiUu If 3a CTapeJIO uyiJpo6aUtu). Y npaKcH je "IeIlIO" H3rOBOp 6oM601bepa, Kao IlITO GHBa H y HeMOTHBHcaHHM ranHL\H3MHMa xapiJuIVepa (YM. xapiJullujepa) H zapcoIVepa (YM. zapcoHujepa). TaKBH OGJIHUH TellIKO ce MOry npaB,naTH, Gy,nynH ,na cTpaHH CY
O,n rrpH,neBCKHX OCHOBa cy UUKallUtepuja CnHKaHTHOCT', O,ll,HOCHO 'nHKaHTaH ,lI,eT3..ll,', '3aHHMJbHBOCT" ',nYXOBHTa llIana' H cn.) H za/laltwepu ja 'ranaHTHO nOHallIan.e', anH ,naHaC "IClllne y ceKYH,napHOM 3Ha"leFhY CHT He YKpaCHe p06e). KOKeUtepuja 'KOKeTHO ,np)!(afbe' MO)!(e G"TH O,ll, npH,neBa HnH o,n rJIarOJIa. O,n y*e maronCKe OCHOBe cy iJecUtUllepuja (y HHKOJIHOe BOM pe'IHHKy, o,n
2.23. PeTKH Y"leHH CY
237
2.26. -Ritz (c KpaTKHM u), rp'lKOr nOpeKJIa, no npaBHJIy ce O,nHOCH Ha Jby,ne. fIope,n pe'IH aKaiJeMUK, r,ne 03Ha'laBa npHna,ll,HOCT, ,lI,OJIa3H C Pa3JIH 'lHTHM MOTHBaUHjaMa y upKBeHHM TepMHHHMa KIlepuK (KilUpUK), KaHOHUK, e6aTlZeJlUK, jepeUtuK (o,njepec, ca anTepHauHjoM dw H3 rp'lKor), Kao H y H3pa3HMa 3a nCHXH'lKY MH KapaKTepHy KBanH
2.26.1. :6y,ll,yliH ,na ce BenHKH Gpoj pe'lH 3aBpillaBa Ha -H'Iap, nOTpe6 HO je Hajnpe pa3rpaHH'lHTH cJIY'IajeBe r,ne Taj 3aBpllleTaK H H j e Cy
238
239
TBop6a pellll Y caBpCMeHOM cpncKoMjC-Jf!KY
CyIPHKcaQHja
H.UlI.ap, MKOXOIIU'Iap, iiIIaiUoHu'Iap, nonerJl.e y3 npOMeHY c > iU OJl.HOCHO 3
OCHOBY ca HMeHHl.\aMa Ha -ailiUKa (HIlp. HYMU3Mailiu'Iap +-> IIYMU3MailiuKa). MCKJbyqHBO C )l.Y)!(HM 06!IHKOM je a6ujailiU'wp (B. Jl.oJIe, 2.27.1).
> iU (H3 rptlKor) KaO y aIlMuiUu'Iap, uapatluiUu'Iap, cupwmiliU'iap 1l9 HTJl.. TOMe CBaKaKO MO)!(eMO npHKJby'iHTH H 06JIHKe Kao A!eIlOOu'wp, Hociliatlzu 'lap, lUU3OppeHU'Iap (CXU30-), lleypacilieuu'Iap, lIeypoiuu'Iap, cKllepoiliu 'lap, upaKiliu'Iap, cailiupu'Iap H CJIH'iHe, MaJl.a 6H IbHX 6HJIO Moryhe H3BO Jl.HTH H ca -ap 0Jl. npH,l~eBa Ha -U'Iali HJIH -U'IKU. OBaj nOCJIe..!:UbH nocTynaK npHKJIa)l.HHjH je MO)!(Jl.a caMO 3a e.neKiUpu'Iap, 6YJl.yIiH )l.a 6HCMO y)l.e
2.26.1.1. Y cnpHjeM je3HKY OBe peqH, Kao H OHe mna 6oiUaHu'Iap, HMaJIe cy 3aBpilleTaK -UK, Kao y PYCKOM H )l.pyrHM CJlOBeHCKHM je3Hl.\HMa. MapeTHlije y npBOM H3Jl.albY cBoje rpaMamKe (1899:319) TBp)l.HO)l.a "BYK H )l;aHHqHli y CBOjHM ttienHMa He n03Hajy HaCTaBKa U'Iap, Beo UK y HMeHHl.\a rp'lKO-JIaTHHCKora H3Bopa, IllTO 3Haqe qOajeKa, KOjH ce qHMe 6aBH". Y Ka cHHjeM H3)l.aIbY je npH3BaO)l.a ,,Jl.aHaIllfbH nHCl.\H MjecTo -UK nOHajBHIlle nH Illy -U'Iap, Hnp. zpOMailiu'Iap" (1963:331) aJIHje H y rpaMaTHl.\H H y "Je 3HqHOM caBjeTHHKY" ocyfjHBao Taj 06JIHK, cMaTpajyoH )l.a je HaCTao no yrJIeJl.Y Ha HeMa'lKH (Botaniker H CJI). Y cTBapHocTH, KaKO IlOKa3yje KpaBap 1953, HHje yonillTe BepoBaTHo Jl.a -u'Iap HMa HeMaqKe H3Bope. lllTo ce THqe 06J1HKa Ha -UK, OHH cy Beli y MapeTHneBO Jl.06a 3aCrapeBaJlH, a KacHHje cy rOTOBO nomYHO HanYillTemf. KpaBap nOMHlbe (CTp. 105) )l.Ba-TpM cJIY'laja r)l.e cy ,,Jl.y6JIeTe )l.06po )l.oIllJIe", Kao aKaOeMUK 'qJIaH aKa.Il.eMHje' HacnpaM aKaOeMUlI.ap 'cBeyqHJlHillTapal.\', KIIaCUK 'IlMCal.\ ttiemi KJIaCHqHe BpHje)l.HO CTH' HacnpaM KIIaculI.ap 'CTY)l.eHT HJlH np0
roTOBO IlomYHO npeOBJla)l.aO )l.~H 06J1HK. OCTane peqH C OBHM 3aBpIlleT KOM cy HeMOTHBHcaHe (Hnp. UHeYMailiuK), HJIH y Haj60JbeM cJlyqajy )l.eJIe 119 lJcCTO Y 06nllKY CU¢U/lUcijju~ap. IIlTO je HCCYMIbHBa rpclIlKa (laMeHa cYIPIlKca).
2.27. -HKa2 BO)l.11 nope\no, Kao H -UK, O)l. rp'lKHX npH)l.eBa Ha -ikos. OBHM HMemfl.\aMa rOTOaO YBeK O)l.rOBapajy npH.ueBH Ha -U'Iall, -U'IKU HnH -CKll (OBO nOCJIe./l.lbe y3 OCHOBe Ha -ili). OCHOBe cy CKOPO YBeK rpqKOr nope KJla. 3Ha'ielbe MO)!(e 6HTH onillTe aIlCTpaKTHO, Kao y cUJ!f6011U1i.a, Mel/OOUKa, puiliMU1i.a, ayiliOMailiuKa, allezooiliuKa (no PMC 'OHO IllTO YJIa3H Y 06JIaCT aHer)l.OTa, aHer.uOTCKO npHqaIbe; npoyqaBaIbe aHerAOTa', a 6H1ie )l.a 3HaqH H cKyn aHer)l.OTa 0 )l.aToj JIHqHOCTH, nepHO)l.y Hen.). JOill qellJlie ce oBaj cy
CJlO)!(eHH Cy
2.27.1. fpqKe OCHOBe Ha -M HJIH -Ma cpelieMO H y peqHMa ea CY
240
TBop6a pe'IH y CaBpeMenOM CPIlCKOM jC3HKY
Cy
2.27.2. -ETHKa ,nOJla3H npaxTH'lHO caMO y ellepZeWUKa (ca CJlOJKeHH l.(OM 6uoellepZeWUKa), Y oujeilleilluKa H y PeTKOM aiiollozeilluKa (no PMC '60roCJlOBCKa HaYKa J.(oja H3JIaJKe H 6paHH xpHwliaHCKO Y'IeIbe'). He pa'lY HaMO pelJH Kao iioeillw
HHCTpYMeHT ,naHaC 3HaTHO peljH, He MOJKeMO y cpnCKOM pe'I 6UOIlUlla Tpe THpaTH Kao H3Be,neHy.
2.27.3. -HcTHKa je CJIOJKeHH CyqlHKC HeH3BecHe ayTOlloMHje, 6y.nyIiH ,na 6H ce BeJIHKa BeliHHa MOTHBHcaHHX pe'IH (auZIluci1luKa, CIla6ucilluKa, ece juci1luKa, iiy61luIlucilluKa H CJI.) Morna TYMa'IHTH Kao H3Be,neHa Cy
241
2.30. -HH(a)l{2 je cnoj CTpaHor npH,neBcKor CY
2.32. -RHO (y CTBapHoM H3roBopy lJ.ecTO -UlIo), nOpeKJIOM H3 HTaJIHjaH CKor, ,nOJlalH y pe'IH MapaCKUIIO (JIHKep o,n BHliIbe MapacKe), a C ,neMHHy THBHHM 3Ha'leIbeM y lIeyif1PUIIO (MaJIa aTOMCKa 'leCTHl.(a Koja Hacraje H3 Hey TPOHa) H y MYlH'lKHM repMHHHMa alloallwulIo (TeMnO Hewro Maa.e cnop He ro aH,naure) H iiujallullo (3aje,nHHlJ.Ka OCHOBa C peQjy iiujalluci1la)121. 2.33. -HoHap, C BapHjaHTOM -uollep (npBo npeMa JlaTHHCKOM -arius, ,npyro npeMa
242
243
Tsop6a PC'!H Y caSPCMCHOM CpnCKOM jC3HKY
CYIPIfKcaUHja
TMHCKOM Ha -io -ionis). ITpaKTHqHO CBe peqH nOCToje y 06e Bapl1jaHTe, ru1l1 je KO.D. HeKHl{ 06HqHlijH 3aBpWeTaK -ap a KO.D. .D.pyrl1l{ -ep. OB.D.e neMO IiX Ha BO.D.HTH caMO y 06nliKY KOjl1 je cppeKBeHTHHjH.
sao BapHjaHry -uciila, a .D.a je Y MO.D.epHHM TCKCTOBHMa OHa 3HaTHO qewha Hero -uciil. MHO>KlfHaje, MeljYTHM, roTOBO )'BeK Ha -u, a 06nHll.1i Koje H3 rpa lje ll,HTHpa MapKosHli (Ctp. 16), Kao -"CBpmeHH fHMHa3IiCTe", "HHCY CaMO erOHCTe, Ben H antpYHCTe", .D.anac cy np~TC>KHO 3acrapeJIH.
MOTHBHe HMeHHll,e rOTOBO HI1Ka.D.a He 3Ha'le pa.D.H>Y, TaKO .D.a HI1 cy CPIiKC -uollapl-uOHep no npaBHny HHje areHTIiBHH, Hero H3pa>KaBa npHna.D. HOCT HnH HeKY .D.pyry BpCTy CMHCaOHe se3e. I13 KnaCHqHOr naTHHCKor Ha cneijeHo je JleZUOHap; H3 MO.D.ePHHX 3ana.D.HHX je3HKa npliMHnH CMO Dt703U IJUOHap, pe60Jl)'IJUOHap, peaKIJUOHap, cjJYHKIJUOHep, MUCUOHap, KOJleKIJUO uap, CeJleKIJUOHep (y PMC caMO ce.neKIJUOHap), 6U3UOllap (caCBHM Hey06H qajeHo -ep), UeH.3UOHep (caCSHM Hey06HqajeHo -ap), aKIJUOHap (O.D. aKtluja y cpHHaHcHjcKOM cMHcny), peIJeUIJUOHep (cny>K6eHHK Ha pell,em.(HjH), KOHlle cUOHap (OHaj KO je .D.06HO KOHll,eclijy), .D.aHaC 3aCTapeno OU6U3UOllap 'KO MaH.D.aHT .D.I1BH3Hje' Ii .D.p. TIo aHaJJomjli je csaKaKO HaCTaJJO MUIlUIJUOHep I22, Kao Ii nOTnYHO He npaBlinHO MazalJUOHep (B. 2.14.2; y PMC H PCAHY HaBO.D.e ce yKynHo jow Ce.D.aM sapHjaHaTa, It1aZa3UOHep, MazaIJUOI/ap, Maza3uoHap, MaZalJUllep, Ma za3ullep, MazalJUHap, Maza3UHap, Ma.D.a je caMO npsa y06I1qajeHa).
2.34. CnHqaH npeTXO.D.HOM je H CnO>KeHH CYCPHKC -"ouaw, KOjH I1Ma npeTe>KHO HeraTHBHO 3Ha'leH>e, Kao y cjJpaKIJUOUaUl, UpOmeKIJUOHaUl, KO pyiilJUOllaUl; PMC 6ene>KH Ii KOa.n.UIJUOllaUl 'qnaH HnH nplicTaJJHll,a KOaJJH ll,Hje'.
2.35. _fi:p2_.D.Ona3H caMO y HeKonHKO peqH. O.D. I1MeHliqKe OCHOBe cy 6puzaoup (KoMaH.D.aHT 6PHfa.D.e, aJJH Ii CHHOHIiM 3a 6puzaoucm - qnaH 6PH ra.D.e) H Kacup. BeposaTHo je O.D. rnaroncKe OCHOBe KOMauoup (CTapeWHHa HH>Ke je.D.HHHll,e, 3a pa3JIHKy O.D. KOMaHoaHma). C He>KHSHM 3HaqeH>eM je opujeHmup, Koje 6H ce y xpsaTCKOM Morno 1i3BO.D.HTIi HynTHM CYCPHKCOM H3 marona opujeHmupamU (ce), aJJH y cpnCKoM MO>Ke 6HTH caMO O.D. pe.D.YKO BaHe OCHOBe rnarOJIa opujeHmucaiilu (ce). 2.36. -Ma(a) je, Kao Ii CPO.D.HO -U3(a)M, IiHTepHall,HoHaJJHH CYCPHKC Be JIHKe npo.l(yKTHBHOCTH. Y cpncKoM je 06H'.fHHjli ca -a Ha Kpajy, Ma.D.a heMo y OBOM O.D.eJLry, je.D.HOCTaBHOCTH pa.D.H, npHMepe HaBO.D.HTH caMO ca 3aBpWeT KOM -uciil. 0 HOpMaTHBHHM .D.HneMaMa H3Meljy -ucm H -uciila onwHpHo je nHcao MapKoBHn 1952. OH HCTHqe .D.a je sen BYK rOTOBO YBeK ynotpe6Jba 122 Y naTHHCKOM je mililia -ae, WTO 3Ha'!lf .l\a 3a CerMeHT -ion- HeMa onpaS.I\alha. CH HOHHM MWlU/faja/f TaKolje je CTBopeH aHanorHjoM, npeMa UO/lU/faja/f, a 080 0.1\ CTapHjer uo /lu/faja < HeM. Polizei.
I1 -uciil(a) ce O.D.nHKyje CJIHqHHM CPOHeTCKHM Cnell.HcpHqHOCTHMa Kao WTO cy OHe Koje CMO SH.D.eJIH 3a -u3(a)M. I1cnpe.D. H>era qeCTO ce 3a.D.piKasa BOKan, Kao y oaoauciil, up03auciil, Maouclu, iilumouciil, o60uciil, ezo uciill23, uHooe6poueuciil, 6yOYUCm H CJI. 3aBpwHo -u OCHose CTana ce ca U 113 cycpHKca: iUPOIJKUciil, maKcuciU, paz6uciU, O.D.CKOpa H 1106uciU (Ha eH rneCKOM je lobbyist). MOTHBHe HMeHH[(e ua -uja ry6e Taj CycpHKC: yiilo uuciil, eKolloMuciil, ZUMHa3UciU, MOHapxuciil, opozepuciU, cjJUIlaiile.nuciil HT.D..; Ha HCTH Ha'!.HH, O.D. clJeuapuo HMaMO clJeHapuciU. K npena3H y IJ Y He KOJIHKO pe'UI Kao WTO cy KJlaculJuciU, MexauulJuciil, uy6J1ulJuciil.
2.36.1. I1 OB.D.e, Kao 3a -U3(a)M, OCHOBe cy roTOBO YBeK CTpaHor nope KJIa. XIi6pH.D.HHX H3se.D.eHHll.a je caMO HeKonHKO: y BojHOM peqHHKY 6e 3uciil, cpaMHnHjapHo CJlyxuciil 'KO CBHpa HnH neBa no cnyxy, KO He n03Haje HOTe', H3 pYCKora lJapuciil. nopHli 2000:220, 229 6ene>Klf H 3a6a6uciil(a) 'H3Bolja'I 3a6aBHor nporpaMa'. ):(sa OCHOBHa 3Ha'!.elha cycpHKca -uciil(a) CBaKaKO cy OHa Koja je H3.D.BG jHO CTCBaHoBHli 1964 1:535, je.D.Ho C .D.ecpHHHll.HjoM "npIiCTaJIHll.e H npHnaJI. HHll.H yqelha H npaBana y KlhHiKeBHOCTH H yMeTHOCTH, Kao H y Hayll.H, 3aTHM npHna.D.HHll.H noje.D.HHHl{ nOJIHTHqKHX, PeJIHrH03HHl{ H .D.p. nOKpeTa", .D.Pyro OnHCaHO Kao "HMaOll.H ..• KaKBHX CKJIOHOCTH". To cy yje.D.HO H OHH H3pa3H HacnpaM KOjHX pe.D.OBHO HMaMO H H3Se.D.eHHll.e Ha -U3(a)M. Meijy H.HMa je Ma JIO peqH O.D. HMeHH'!.KHX OCHOBa: KauuiilaJluciil, pacuciil, CUM60Jluciil, O.D.CKO pa e.nuiiluciil, eBeHryaJIHO H MOpa.n.uciil (YKonHKo HHje O.D. npH.D.eBa); ca penH rHjcKHM 3HaqelheM Meiiloouciil, e6aHze;zuciil, UCJlaMUciil, 6youciil HT.D..; O.D. npe3HMeHa oap8UHuciil, cjJpojouciil, 6oHauapiiluciil, MapKcuciil, CiUalbUi/uciil, Jle1buHuciil, oezoJluciil; ca 3HaqeH.eM "HMaOll,a cKnoHocTH" Kapujepuciil, a6aHiilypuciil, MOpcjJUHuciil, O.D. npe3HMeHa caouciil H Ma3oxuciil. I1CTH CYCPHKC HMa H HeKonHKO .D.PyrHx KaTeropHja 3Ha'lelba, r.D.e cy HMe HH'IKe OCHOBe 60Jbe 3aCTynJbeHe, a r.D.e roroBO HHKaJI. HeMa KopeJ1all.Hje ca -U3(a)M. To cy Ha3HBH BOjHHX cnennjaJIHOCTH, KaO iileHKUciil, cltajuepuciil124, 6e3uciil, (paouo)me.nezpacjJuciil ('raKolje cKpaheHo paoucm, npeMa PYCKOM), cuzHa.n.uciil, zapouciil, 6puzaouciil HT.D..; y cnopT)' caMa peq cuopiiluciil, a Y3 TO Ha3HBH no .D.HCll.HnJIHHaMa Kao paz6uciil, 6OiUepuOJIuciil, 1,lYouciil, Kapaiilucm; 123 "flaK, O.ll COJlO lIMaMO COJlUciii, WTO nOTBpljJ.je)la je pe'! npHMJLeHa "3 fjlpaHIlYCKOr, HT3JlHjaHCKOr HnH HeMa'IKOr (solisle, solisla, Solist) a He H3 eHmCCKor (r,lle HMaMO soloist). 124 0.1\ cHajuep < sniper, WTO Y eHrneCKOM If caMO 3Ha'!H CTpenua; KO.u. Hac ce cHajiie POM Haj'!ewlie HalHBa opylKje (cHajnepcKa nYWKa). o.l\aKne nOTpe6a 3a H3Be.u.eHHuoM Ha -ucUi.
244
TBop6a pe'n1 y CaBpeMCHOM CpnCKOM je31lKY
CyqlllKcatl.Hja
yn. H utaxucili, KaO H rjJuflallUCili (UOJlY-, '1eiliBpilicfJullar/Ucili); M)l3H'IapH Ha 3BaHH no HHCTpYMemy KOjH CBHpajy BUOJluUUCili, {BUOJlou)'leJlucili, 6acuCili, rjJJlayiliuCili, 1Ulapulleiliucili, qiazOiliuCili, iliPOM6oIlUCili, caKcorjJOHUcili, Xop Hucili, zuiliapucili, xaprjJucili, {1Ula.pu)'leM6a1lucili HT.n;., yn. H ;te3ucili; nHCUH HJIH YMeTHHUH npeMa BpCTH CBOjHX TBOpeBHHa, Hnp. XYMopucili, ecejucili, cfJeJbiliOIlUcili, Jlu6peiliucili, clleHapucili, KapuKailiypucili, uej3a::xcucili, Uop illpeiliuCili, MlmujailiypuCili HT,l:I.; B03aqH HIlH pa.n:HHL\H rrpeMa CBOM B03Hny O,l:lHOCHO MaIllHHH, Kao y ayilio.Mo6UJluCili, 6UIIUKAUCili, MoiliOIlUKAUCili, iliaK cuCili, rjJujaKepucili, ilipaKiliopucili, 6azepucili, MaUlUllucili, Moiliopucili H cn. PalHOBPCHOCTH ,l:Ipyrnx Moryilllx 3Haqerna cBe.n;O'le pe'lH Kao upouazaH Oucili, ciliuuellOuCili, ZUMIla3uCili, cilia::xcucili, CiliUJluCili, eci1epG1liliucili, MOHO iioJlucili, rjJWlailieJlucili, OaJIiliOHUCili 125 H TaKO .n;a.n,e.
iliu je HaKHa.nHO H3Be.n;eHO H3 rnera, 3axBaJbyjynH BenHKoj nonYJIapHOCTH CY
o
2.36.2. O.n npH.n;eBcKe OCHOBe, BenHHa H3Be,l:leHHUa THqe ce "yqerna H npaBaL\a", Kao COl1ujaJIucili, HallUOHaJlucili, UMuepujaJIucili, ilioiliaJIuilia pucili, YHuiliapucili, ceuapailiucili, aucoJlyiliucili, rjJeoepaJIucili, Mailiepuja Jlucili, uoeaJIucili, peaJIucili, eZ3Ucilielll1ujaJIuCili, CilipYKiliypaJIucili, peJla iliUBucili, ii03UiliuBucili, eKcilipeMucili, Mooepuucili, rjJopMaJlucili, OKYJl iliucili HT.n;., ,l:IOK nHqHe oc06HHe 03HaqaBajy rjJailiaJIucili, celliliUMeHilia Jlucili, ouopiliyuucili, xYMaHucili (y je.n;HoM o.n CBOjHX 3Haqerna) H CJI., Y3 MHoro HeMOTHBHcaHHX Kao oiiiliUMucili, iiecUMucili, aJlilipyucili HT,l:I. H je.n HHMa H .n;pynfMa o.n;roBapajy HMeHHue Ha -U3{a}M. Ca 3HaqerneM 3aHHMarna cy oOKYMeHiliapl,tcili, KOMepllujaJlucili, KpUMUHaJlucili, uHiliepHucili 'crpyqrnaK 3a HHTepHy Me.n;HUHHY' (B. liopHn 2000:229), y3 TO C noce6HHM 3Ha'leH>HMa ciiellujaJIuCili, aKiliuBucili, uHcilipYMelliUaJlucili (H3BO~aq HH CTpYMeHTaJIHe MY3HKe), eiiU300ucili (rnYMau KOjH Hrpa errH30.n;He ynore), MOHeiliapucili (crpyqH>aK 3a MOHeTapHy nonHTHKY, B. liopHn 2000:230). Y JIHHrBHCTHUH HMaMO Ha3HBe crpyqrnaKa no je3HUHMa HnH rropo.nH UaMa, 03Ha'leHHM naTHHCKHM ImH r.pqKHM 06nHKOM npH.n;eBa, Kao y Jlailiu Hucill, xeJleHucili, aH2Ilucili, xucuallucili, iiOJlOHUcili, CIla6ucili, zepMaHucili, pOMa1lucili, uHooeBpoiieucili, opujeHiliaJIucili HT.n;. O,l:lrOBapajyne Hay'lHe rpaHe, KaKO HCTH'Ie liopHn 2000:218-219, 225, 03Ha'iaBajy ce H3Be.neHHL\a Ma Ha ~uciliuKa (H3Y3eTaK cy Jlailiullucili H eciiepaHiliucili).
245
2.36.4. CY
O.n; HenpOMeHJbHBor rrpH,l:IeBa O.nHOCHO npHnora je COJlucili, MY3HqKH TepMHH, aJIH qeCTO H qJHrypaTHBHo ynorpe6JbeH. 2.36.3. MMeHHL\Y ciliailiucili liopHn 2000:230-231 ,l:IeqlHHHille rnaro JIOM, 'oHaj KOjH CTaTHpa', HanOMHrnynH ,l:Ia y PMC HHje TaKBa .n;e
110 3HaqeH>Y je oBaj CY
125 O.n npC3HMelia, anll 113Y3eTHO lie y 3Ha'le1bY CJIc.n6eHHKa, Hero Kao HaJllB ypoijeHe Malle o.n Koje jc 601l0BaO II KOjy je npoy'laBao I)OH ..QaJITOH (1766-1844), eHf'JIeCKIl XeMIl'lap.
"HallieM je3IlKY", BO.nKJIH KOcrnD 1953 1:230 H npeJl.HD 1953:29.
126 BH,!!,H Many DOJlCMHKY KOjy cy 1l0BO,llOM 06JlHKB Ha -uiUeiU O,llHOCHO HB -OCiU,
Y
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247
TBop6a pe'fH y CaBpCMeHOM CPIICI(OM je:ml(Y
Cy$HKcallHja
06HtIHO y 3Hat{eFLY 'HennO,nHOCT', CWepUllIlOCW y cMHcny o,ncYCTBa 3apa 3HHX K'JIHua; CeH3U6U1lUWew, H3pa3 OMHJbeH y KPHTHUH H ecejHcTHUH no Cne,nFLHX ,neueHHja, HMa CneUH$H'IHO 3Ha'leHte Koje HHje je,nHaKO ca CeIl3U 6WlHOCW 'ocenajHoCT'. Y,naJbaBaHte O,n npH,neBCKor 3Ha'leHta BH,nJbHBO je y MHorHM petIHMa Kao WTO cy uoellwuwew, MeIlWatlUWeW, eKcwpeMuiUeiU, JlOKatlUWeW, wOHatluiUeiU (y My3H'IKOM 3Ha'leu.y) H CJlH'IHHMa.
eCKaopa), MeOCllbOIi (yn. MeOCllba). OKpHteHa OCHOBa pe'IH ai1iJleiU(a) npe n03HaTJbHBa je y rpt{KHM cy$HKCanHHM CJIO:>r<eHHUaMa 6uai1iJlou, iUpua iUJlOH, uelliUaiUJloll (KO,n KnaHna O,nHOCHO ByjaKJlHje), a ,npyre rp'IKe OCHO Be y JleKCu/WIl H zpa¢uKOH. HejacHor nopeKJIa )e HCTOPHjCKH TepMHH Ma Ijapoli (MaIWPOH), 'npHna,nHHK XpBaTcKo-yrapc~e CTpaHKe' MJIH 'yonwTe cne,n6eHHK npoMaljapcKe DOnHTHKe'.
C ,nOManOM OCHOBOM je WaJbHBH XH6pH,n upouatluiUeiU ('nponao "10 BeK, 6e,nHHK'), HIDKanoCT He3a6ene:>r<eH y pet{HHUHMa.
2.38.1. O,n HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe cy pueaJIuiUeiU, UlleaJIUOuweiU, Mo:>r<,na uy6J1ulluiUeiU (Ma,na no 3HatIeHty o,nroBapa naTHHCKOM npH,neBy publicus 'jaBHH' npe Hero Hawoj HMeHHUH uy6J1uKa).
2.39. -"THe je Me,nHUHHCKH cyqlHKC ca 3Ha'ieFLeM 3anaJbeHta, Kao y cUHYcuiUuc, 6pOHXUiUuc, eazulluiUuc, IIUCiUuiUuc, ilpociUaiUuwuc, jow '1e wne y HeMOTHBHcaHHM pe'lHMa Kao zaciUpuiUuc, apiUpuiUuc, ¢Jle6uiUuc, KOJluiUuc, xeuaiUuiUuc, uepuiUoHuiUuc HT,n. Cpeny ce H 06nHUH cuuycuiU, xei1aiUuiU H cn., WTO 6H ce y HatIeny Morno 6paHHTH Kao 0,n6aUHBaFLe rp'lKOr na,ne:>r
o nonynapHocTH OBor CYljlHKca CBe,nO'Ie WaJbHBH XH6pH,nHH 06nHUH Koje H3 WTaMne UHTHpa Ea6Hn 1991 :334 (,ne$HHHwynH HX Kao "rp03HH'Ia Ba, He3,npaBa CTaH>a"): ,,$eCTHBanHTHc", "HorOMeTHTHC HnH IPy,n6anHTHc", "wnHjyaHTHc" H CnHtIHO. 2.40. -63a, cy$HKC rp'lKOr nopeKna, 03HaQaBa npe CBera 060JbeHte HnH HeHopManHo CTaHte OpraHH3Ma. OCHoBa je npen03HaTJbHBa y iUpuxu H03a 127 , CUJIUK03a, iUpoM603a, Hepe03a (yn. Heyp03a, C ,nPYK'IHjHM 3Ha'le FLeM), ucux03a, y HOBHjeM 6up03a (ca cKpal'ieHoM OCHOBOM: '3apa3Ha 60 neCT IDa3BaHa BHpycHMa') H y npe$HKcanHo-cy$HKcanHoj TBopeHHUH aeu iUaMUH03a. I1cTH 3aBpWeTaK ce jaBJba H y MHoro HeMOTHBHcaHHX TepMI1Ha, He caMO ca 3HatIeH>eM 060JbeHta (iUy6epK)lJl03a, CKJIep03a HT,n.) Hero H C pa 3HHM ,nPyrHM 3HaqeH>HMa Kao y VlUK03a, oeKciUp03a, lje.nYJl03a, HapK03a, XUiiH03a, He6YJl03a, cUM6u03a, aiioiUe03a, MeWaM0p¢03a H ,np. 2.41. -OH, rp'lKOr HnH HTanHjaHcKor nOpeKJla, HeMa HHKaKBor cneUH $HtIHOr 3HatIeFLa. 03HatIaBa aTOMCKe tIeCTHue y e.neKiUpOll H HeywpOll (Ha 3HB}! OCTanHX qeCTHua cy HeMOTHBHcaHH: iiPOWOH, Me301l HT,n.), HepBHy henHjy y HeyPOH, pa3He ,npyre nojMoBe y CatlOH (yn. Catla), eCKaopOH (yn. 127 )),aHac 'feillhe iiipUXIlHeJl03a, IlpCMa JlaTHliCKOM Ha:msy H3a3HSa'fa, Trichinella spiralis.
2.42. -Op je y npBoM pe,ny JIaTHHCKH areHTHBHH Cy$HKC, t{HjH cy anoMop$H -iuop, -aiUop H -iiiUop. TIpaBo areHTHBHO 3Ha'leHte HMa y azpe cop (o,n acpecuja), peeU30p (o,n peeU3uja), p~eH30p (Dope,n qewner pellelt 3eHw),lIeH30P, cK)lJluiUop (3aje,nHH'IKe OCHOBe ca lIeH3ypa, cKyJluiUypa), Kao H y Ha3HBHMa ypeljaja oU¢y30p (KO,n Byj aKJIHj e) H K01l0eH30p (nope,n t{e wner KOHOeH3aiUOp); TOMe 6HCMO ,no,nanH HMaHoaiUop, aiUeHiUaiUop, u.na zujaiUop YKOJIHKO HX H3BO,nHMO H3 HMeHHua Ha -aiU (Ma,na cy eTHMonOWKH o,n naTHHCKHX rnarona, ca Cy$HKCOM -aiUop). 113Y3eTHo C ,nynlM 0 je KOIl iUp()JIOp (o,n $p. controleur, BepOBaTHO nocpe,nCTBOM HTan. control/ore). CeMaHTHtIKe Bele ,npyre BpCTe HMaMO y aM6acaoop, CellaiUop, KpeouiUop H y He:>r
2.42.1. -Top je, Kao H -aiUop H -iiiUop, cnoj 3aBpWeTKa OCHOBe JIaTHH CKor DaPTHUHna nep$eKTa ca areHTHBHHM Cy$HKCOM -op. Y cpncKOM ra je TeWKO H,neHTH$HKOBaTH, noWTO y BeliHHH npHMepa HMa 3aje,nHH'IKy OCHO By C rnaronHMa KpajH>e pa3nH'IHTOr rJlaCOBHOr cKJlona (peaKiUop - peazo eaiUu, KOHCiUpYKiUop - KOHciUpyucaiUu, iipojeKiUop - uPojullupaiUU, pe OYKiUop - peOYKoeaiUu, ce;zeKiUop ce;zeKiUupaiUu H CJI.). MornH 6HCMO je,nHHO, Kao ad hoc peweFLe, ,na ra ,no,najeMo Ha OCHOBY HMeHHua Ha -'1uja y3 0,n6aUHBaf.be Tor 3aBpWeTKa, Kao WTO 'IHHH Ea6Hh 1991 :290. Y TOM CJlY 'Iajy HManH 6HCMO KOHciUpYKiUOp o,n KOliciUpYKlluja, ce.neKiUop o,n ce;zeK'lu ja, H Ha HCTH Ha'IHH uHciUpyKiUop, uHciieKiiiop, oupeKiUop, KopeKiUop, pe oaKiUop, e23eK)liUop, a Kao Ha3HBe ypeljaja peaKiUop, upojeKiiiop, oeiUeK iuop, peoYKWOp H jow DOHeKH.
2.42.2. -ATop 03Ha'iaBa BpwHoua pa,nHte, '10BeKa, anH HepeTKO H cnpaBy HJlH HHCTpYMeHT. O,nroBapajynH rnaronH Mory HMaTH Cy$HKC -upawu, -ucaiUu HnH -06aiUu, ,nOK 3a pa,nHty rOTOBO YBeK nocTojH HMeHHua Ha -alluja. Y pe'IH iipoeoKaiUop, Kao If Y HeWTO peljHM JloKaiUopl28, KOMy 128 ManH npc.najHHK KOjH o.najc csoj llonolKaj CMIlTOl!aIbCM pa.nHO-C1irlUUla: pe'! jc nOCTana n03HaTa aapO'!HTO y speMe 60M6ap.nosalba JyrOClIaBIljC 1999. ro.nIlHC. TaKo~c y CJlOlKCHHIlH paouo-lloKaiiiop.
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249
TBop6a pe'!H y CaapCMeHOM CpnCKOM jeJHKY
Cy<)JHKcaUHja
HUKaiiiop, eeoKaiiiop, HMaMO K HacupaM 1I Y rnarOJIHMa UPoeollupaiiiu, AO /fupaiiiu, KOMYHullupaiiiu, eeollupaiiiu. )].a JIH heMo Ty rOBopHTH 0 ,ll.eCH6H JIapH3aUHjH HJIH (UlTO 6H 6HJIO eTHMOhOWKH HcnpaBHHje) 0 cH6HJIapH3aUH jH upB06HTHOr K, caqyBaHor H Y HMeHHU\1Ma upoeoKalluja HT,ll.., Y CHHXpO HHjCKOj aHanH3H HHje MHoro 6HTHO. )].0 1j:l0HeTCKHX npOMeHa je Y CBaKOM CJIYIIajy ,ll.Owno y crpaHHM je3HUHMa (npe CBera y HeMaIIKOM: provozieren HT,ll..), a y cpnCKH cy OHe caMO UpeHeTe. 129
3a Haeuzallujy', aJIH napaiilopa 6HCMO CBaKaKO ,ll.eIjJHHHcanH ,lI;oMaliHM rJIa rOJIOM ilpuuoeeoaiilu, je,ll.HaKO KaO H uapallujy). Crora je CBaKaKO YMeCHHje roBOPHTH 0 3aje,ll;HHIIKoj OCHOBH Hero 0 ,ll.epHBaUHjH. Ty cy, HapaBHO, H He MOTHBHcaHH JIaTHHH3MH Kao ZAaoujaiUop, paiJujaiilop, Kap6ypaiilop HJIH O,ll;CKOpa OMHJheHH aHrJIOnaTHHH3aM iliepMunaiilop, Koje HH Ha KOjH Ha<JHH He MO)l(eMO CMaTpam H3Be,ll.eHlfM peIIHMa.
O,ll. n03HaTHjHx upHMepa nOMeHHMO Y3ypuaiiiop, O/cyilaiiiop. pelluiiia iilop, UMuiiiaiiiop. uHiiiepupeiiiaiilop, Kpeaiiiop, KoopouHaiilOp, AUKeuoa iilop, pefjJopMaiiiop, uHfjJopMaiiiop, eKcilAoaiiiaiilop, MaHuilYAaiilOp, KOH 3epeaiiiop, oeK.llaMaiilop, azuiilaiiiop, UIlycilipailiop. fjJaAcufjJuKaiilop. eep cufjJuKaiiiop, UMilp06U3aiilop, peaAU3aiiiop, opzal/U3aiilOp, peopzaTtU3aiilop HT,lI;. PeIIH He)l(HBOr 3HaIIeH:.a O,ll.HOCe ce roTOBO YBeK Ha TeXHHIIKe ypeljaje, Kao aKJIMYAaiilop, oeiiiOHaiiiOp, eu6paiiiOp, OCllUllaiilop, U30Aaiilop, pezyAa iilop, KaAKJlAaiilop, iilpaHcfjJopMaiiiop, zeHepaiilop, KOHoeH3aiilop, Pe301/Q iilop H CJI. )].OK ce ,lI;oca,!( HaBe,ll.eHH npHMepH Mory cMaTpaTH H3Be,ll.eHHuaMa O,ll; rnarona Ha -upaiiiu, -ucaiilu O,ll;HOCHO -oeaiilu, HMa H CJIYIIajeBa r,ll.e TaKBY TBop6eHY Be3Y HHje naKO YCTaHOBHTH. ,auKiiiaiilop, peUHMO, He ,lI;a ce ,ll.eqlH HHcaTH uOMohy y06HIIajeHor :maIIeH:.a marOJIa ouKiiiupaiUu; (MOiilo)KYA iUueaiilOp je UOIbonpHBpe,ll;Ha cnpaBa, anH ce marOJI KJlAiilueucaiUu He yuo Tpe6IbaBa y TOM 3HaIIeH:.Y; eCKaAaiilop (UOKpeTHe CTeneHHue) HeMa HHKa KBe ceMaHTHIIKe Be3e C rnarOJIOM eCKaAupaiiiu. KOMeHiilaiilop 6H y xpBaT CKOM 6HO H3Be,ll.eHHua O,ll. KOMeHiilupaiilu, anH y CPUCKOM ce Yllorpe6IbaBa ,ll.eHOMHHan KOMeHiilapucaiilu. Hoeaiilop H uHoeaiUop cy yrnaBHoM CHHOHH MH (UpBO je ,lI;OCKOpa 6HJIO IIellilie, BepOBarno UO,ll. PYCKHM yrHuajeM), anH caMO upeMa OBOM ,lI;pyrOM nOCTojH marOJI, uHoeupaiilu. Ty6epHaiUop je uo nOCTaHKY TaKolje H3Be,ll;eHHua O,ll; JIaTHHCKor rnarona, anH Tor rnarona y CPUCKOM HeMa, ua 6HCMO OBY pell MopanH ,lI;a H3BO,ll;HMO O,ll; HMeHHue zy6ep Huja (c OKpH:.eHOM OCHOBOM). CnHIIHO je C peIIHMa MaHoaiUop, aiUeHiila iuop, flIlazujaiilop, 3a Koje BH,lI;H rope no,ll. -op. fIOCTOjH H HeKOJIHKO peIIH Kao HaGuzaiUop, OOHaiilOp, Hapaiilop, ullKJI6aiiiop, pecilupaiilop, HacnpaM KOjHX HMaMO nomen actionis Ha -alluja, anH He (y cpnCKOM) H rnarOJI. Y Ta KBOM CJIyqajy 6HJIO 6H MeTO,ll;OJIOlliKH HenpHKJIa,ll;HO H3BO,ll.HTH je,ll.He HMe HHue H3 ,ll.pyrHX (HaeuzaiUopa, ,ll.O,ll;YllIe, MO)l(eMO onHcaTH Kao ' CTpyqH:.aKa 129 Ba6HIi 1991 :289 TBPAH Aa je iipo6oKaiUop HJBeAeHO "OA cKpalieHe OCHOBe HMeHH l{e iipo6oKaquja", O'!HrneAHO JaTO Aa 6H Jao6H1l1ao TewKoliy 06jawlhasalha anTepHal{Hje q : K. oHeTcKH paJn03H, MeljytHM, He 6H CMenH Aa 6YAY Ball
2.42.2.1. HeKOJIHKO rrouynapHHx lIIaJbHBHX H3pala H3Be,u:eHO je O,ll; ,ll.oMaIlHX rnarOJIa, rrpe CBera zlbaeaiilop, zpe6aiilop, 0pMaiilop H 3e3aiilop (oBaj nOCJIe,ll.H:.H 3aCM caMO y OPCJ); ByrapcKH 2001 1 ,ll.o,ll.aje H )l(aproHcKe peIIH Kao Myeaiilop, Ul.lbaKaiilop, iila6aiilop H CJI. YpAaiilop je no nopeKJIy HTanHjaHH3aM (rrpHMJheH wes,ll.eCeTHX rO,ll;HHa, KM cy y HTaJIHjaHcKoj 3a 6aBHoj My3HUH 6HJlH norrYJIapHH nenaIIH HalBaHH urlatori, O,ll; urlare ypJIa TH, BPHWTaTH), anH ce ocelia Kao ,lI;a je H3Be,ll;eH O,ll. ,ll.oMalier YPAaiiiu. O,ll. HMeHH'fKe OCHOBe cy cllazaiilop 'cHalKaH, pa3BHjeH IIoBeK' H AO eaiiiop 'IIoBeK nyH napa' (KO,ll. EyrapcKor, HaB.M., H y OPCJ H3 rpalje n. OTallIeBHlia).
2.42.3. Ii -DTOP je areHTHBHH CyIjJHKC, anH ce jaBJha caMO y u1teeciilu iilop, y PeTKOM ciiluueHouiilop 'oHaj KO ,ll.aje CTHneH,lI;Hjy' H Y HejacHo MO THBHcaHOM peileiiluiilop (no PMC 'HHCTpYKTOP KOjH ca ljal.{HMa yrBpljyje npeljeHo rpa,ll;HBO', ,ll.aHac IIelline y TeXHHIIKOM 3HaQelbY ceKYH)l.apHOr npe ,lI;ajHHKa [peJIea] 3a TeJIeBH3Hjy). C npeIjJHKcoM je Kopeileiiluiilop, HalHB 3a My3H'lapa KOjH 3a KJIaBHpOM YBe)l(6aBa neBaIIe H xopoBe. 2.43. _Ypa 2 je ancrpaKTHH CyljJHKC JIaTHHCKor nopeKJIa, npHMJheH upeKo HeMaIIKor.KojHHHIIer3aje.ll;HHIIKOr HeMa C,ll.oMaIiHM HeHarJIaWeHHM -ypa (Kao y zaiJypa), HaKO HX 3aje,ll.HO palMaTpajy He caMO Ba6HIi (ca Y06H IIajeHHM IjJOPMaJIH3MOM), Hero 3aQy,ll;O H fIeuo 1996.l(OJIalH npeTe)l(HO Ha HMeHHIIKe OCHOBe, pe~e Ha maronCKe. Ca HMeHHIIKHM OCHOBaMa 3Ha<JH aK THSHOCT oc06e 03HaIIeHe MOTHBHOM HMeHHUOM, lCao y KopeKiilypa (OA KO peKiilop: PO), AeKiiiypa (PO), HajIIemlie cXBalieHY H Kao 3BaH:.e HJIH IjJYHK UHja, HrIp. aoeoKaiilypa, ilpofjJecypa (PO), oOlleniiiypa, Kanouoaiilypa (aKO ra He H3BO,ll;HMO O,ll. marOJIa CyljJHKCOM -aiiiypa); TaKolje 3HaIIH ype,ll. HJlH YCTaHOBY, KaO y upefjJeKiiiypa, KOManoaniilypa (y peIIHHKy CAHY), uHiilen oaniilypa, a~yiUaHiilypa ',ll.eo WTa6a 3a BpllIeH:.e aljyraHTcKHX nOCJIOBa', azeniilypa (no PMC 'npe,ll;CTaBHHWTBO, 3aCTynHHlIITBO', anH roTOBO yseK C rIejopaTHBHHM 3HaIIeH:.eM - "HenpHjaTeIbcKa a.", "a. CTpaHHx CHJIa" H CJIHIIHO, upeMa HajIIemneM 3Ha<JeH:.Y peIIH aUHiil). Ca 3Ha<JeH:.eM CTpYKe je apxuiUeKiUypa, ca 36HPHHM 3HaIIelLeM ailapaiilypa. O,ll; rJIarOJIa Ha -upaiilu H3Be,ll.eHe cy opecypa, ¢pU3ypa, zpaeypa (no pe,ll. zpaeupa npeMa IjJp. H3roBopy), uOAuiilypa; cse OCHM npse HMajy
251
TBop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CycjlHKCal\Hja
onpe,nMeneHO 3Ha'lefbe. Y pe'lHMa lIuiilepaiilypa, CKYlliliilypa, lIe1l3ypa, lIe zypa MO)l(e ce rOBOpHTH 0 3aje,nHH'IKoj OCHOBH (ca HMeHHl..(aMa, npl1,neBOM lIuiilepapHU, rnarOJIOM lIezupaiilu) aJIH He 0 H3BoljefbY.
rOJICKY pa,nlbY, C THM UlTO, Kao H YBeK KO,n HMeHHl..(a OBe BPCTC, MHore Ha KHa,nHO ,n06Hjajy H npe,nMeTHo HJIH ancTPaKTHo HMeHH'IKO 3Ha'lelbe (Hnp. uHciilallalluja, lIeZUiilllMaliuja, e.MUZpalluja, lIezalluja) HJIH caMO TaKBO 3Ha 'Ielbe H HMajy (6ezeiilalluja, ooiilalluja, peilpe3elliiialluja, cjJOpMalluja, IIOKa lIuja HT,n.).
250
2.43.1. CJIO)l(eHH Cy
2.44.1. -AUHja je je,naH o,n Hajnpo,nyKTHBHHjHx cTPaHHx CY
OCHOBe ce BeJIHKHM ,neJIOM nOKJIanajy ca OHHMa Koje CMO Ben BH,neJIH 3a Cy
2.44.1.1. He pa'lYHajyliH HeMOTHBHcaHe peqH Kao llITO cy ceH3alluja, UHcjJllalluja, pe.tlalluja, cjJOHoalluja, oucepiilalluja H CJI. H He nOHaBJbajyliH OCHOBe Koje CMO Ben ,naJIH no,n -iiiilop, HaJIa3HMO MHOlliTBO ,n06po 3HallHX pe'lH o,n rnarOJIa Ha -upaiilu (oezpaoalluja, Oe6a1l6alluja, peKllaMalluja, xa IIYlluHalluja, Oe.tleZolluja HT,n.), Ha -ucaiilu (lUlleK)'lIalluja, cjJopMYllalluja, ofiepaIJuja, KOHlIeHiilpaIJuja, 6aKIJUlIalluja HT,n.), a noroToBY OHHX Ha -06a iilu (pezuciilpalluja, KOMilnuKalluja, KOM6U1lalluja, ily6l1uKalluja, pezpyiila lIuja HT,n.), Meljy KojHMa noce6Ho OHHX Ha -U306aiilu (ciilaHoapOU3alluja, ilpu6aiilU3alluja, cilellujallU3alluja, ulloyciuPujallU3alluja HT,n.) H OHHX Ha -ucjJuKo6aiilu (K6a1lUcjJuKalluja, MOOUcjJuKalluja, paiilucjJuKalluja, uoeHiilu cjJuKalluja H MHore ,npyre).
11 OB,ne HaJIa3HMO HeKOJIHKO 'IeCTO ynoTPe6JbaBaHHX XH6pu,na, Kao yxu6alluja, 3aHUMalluja, U3Moiilalluja, fipeiilYM6alluja (OBO nOCJIe,nlbe y KJIajH 1992, BepoBaTHo HaCTaJIO llIaJbHBHM YKpllITalbeM rnarOJIa iilYM6aiilu H JIaTHHH3Ma ilepiilyp6alluja). I116a1lepalluja 6Hne ,na je o,n rJIarOJIa 1U6a1lepU caiilu ce (6e3 Cy
ja
=
a HHKaKO OCHOBH.
CytPHKC3U.Hja
Tsop6a pe'!H y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
252
253
caulluja, eKcUtpa6acaltlluja, ItOltWatlaHlluja (B. KJIajH 1992), pe30ltaHlluja, iJucOltafllluja (TaKoije pe30HaHlla, iJucoltaHlla, rrp'eMa I1TanHjaHcKoM I1nl1 npeMa HeM. Resonanz, Dissonanz).
MaH', atlKOC 'anKOXOnH'lap' Ii /le36oc 'ne36I1jKa' (r,n;e je Morno yrnuaTI1 I1Me OCTPBa JIe36oc). EyrapcKI1 20011:64-65 6enexm 11 KpUMOC 'KpHMMHa nal.(', iiell30C 'rreH3MoHep' M HM3 ,n;pyrnx npl1Mepa 3a oBaj cyIPI1KC.
C rrpl1;n;eBOM 11 rnarOJIOM rro.ztie,n;HaKO OCHOBY ,n;erl,li UtO/lepallllltja. ra paHlluja He crra}.J;a OBaMO, jep je caMO Bapl1jaHTa o,n; capallUtuja, ca CYIPI1K COM -uja. C ,n;Pyre CTpaHe, npl1nl1'!aH je 6poj XI16PI1,n;HI1X maJbl1BI1X 113Be,n;e
2.46. Cnl1''lHo npeTXO.ll.HOM, -yc Hl1je CYIPI1KC Ben naTHHCKI1 HOMI1Ha TI1BHI1 HaCTaBaK. Y MHorMM pe"ll1Ma OH je 06aBe3aH (HOp. vlO6yc, ci11ailiyc,
Hm~a o,n; ,n;oMalil1x rnarona. 0611qHO cy TO maronl1 o,n; KOjHX nocTOjH 11 no
men agentis Ha -altUt, Kao upe6apaltlluja, 3a6ywaltlfuja, 3appKaHlluja, po /lupaHlluja, 3aje6altlluja, anH H ,n;pyrH, Kao y C060paltlluja, Y:JiCU6aHlluja (rrope,n; Y:JiCu6alluja), xiJepaltlluja, KpKaHlluja, ueilllbaHlluja, 3aMlj)ewau lIuja. MapeTl1li raje Hana3HO (1963:310) "caMO y: BapaHUHja (BapaHUl1ja) 11
/laucyc, MOiJyC. KOH.YC, lIemyc, H.yKAeyc, paiJltjyc. CiliUMy/lyC. aciiapacyc 11T.lI..). MMeHl1l.(e Kao wiiupuiliyc, eyKatlUiii11yc, allollUMYc, iipUMapujyc .lI.ane KO cy 0611qHMje y TOM 06nl1KY Hero y 06JII1KY wiiupui11 HT,n;.; y Malboj MepH TO Ba)KH H 3a cTPY'IHe TepMHHe iJuH.ocaypyc (6poui11ocaypyc, zlXi11uocaypyc 11T.lI..), exUH.OKOK}'C, iiuilieKaH.ilipoiiyc.
TepaHUl1ja", 06jamlbaBajyliH OBY ,n;pyry peq: "rOBOpl1 ce H Tep6a ... 3HaqH: napHHua, pacnpa, oJ.( KopHjeHa, KOjH je y 1}}TI1"; anl1 aKO jom IIOCTojl1, OHa BepOBaTHO ,n;aHac rnacH Ut(j)epaHlluja, npeMa ililj)epawu (ce). Jom HeKe peije rrpHMepe, HCKJb)"lHBO H3 xpBaTCKHX nHcaua, HaBo,n;H Ea611n 1991:206.
Kao CYIPHKC -yc ce IlOHama caMO Y Ulli11UMYC (O.ll. npM.lI.eBCKe OCHOBe), eSeHTyanHo H Y iiaflUpyc (Ma.n;a je eTHMOnOmKI1 iiaiiup MJIaijl1 nojaM, a pe"l iiaiiup je HaCTana O.ll. naT. papyrus < rp. papyros, a He 06pHYTO).
2.44.4. 3a cYIPI1KC -eHUHja,_HecYMIbI1Ba H3Be,n;eHl1l.(a je caMO eC3U cilieHlluja (o,n; ec3uciliupailiu), y3 TO BepOBaTHO 11 acucUtefllluja (rromTo je no CMHCJIY 6JIH)Ke rJIarony acuciliupailiu Hero I1MeHl1l.(11 acucilieltili). Peql1 Kao aiicUtuHeHlluja, KopecuoHiJeHlluja, KOltKypeHlluja MOml1 611CMO TaKoije H3BO,n;HTH 113 fJIarOna, anl1 11 113 I1MeHl1l.(a Ha -eHili CYIPI1KCOM -lluja. OHe Kao ypceHlluja I1JIH <jJoc<jJop ec llelllluja Mory 611TI1 113 rnarona I1JII1 113 npl1,n;eBa Ha -eHiliaH, ca CYIPI1KCOM -ll uja. 3a peqH Kao UHilie.rzuceltlluja, e.rzOK6eHlluja
3. TIPM,[(EBCKI1 CYcI>I1KCI1 - ,[(OMAlil1
,n;ona3H Y 063HP caMO -ll uja.
3.0. Kao 1llT0 CMO Ylll1H11JI11 3a I1MeHHl.(e, H 3a npH,n;eBcKe cYIPHKCe Ha 6pojalieMo noce6HO OHe KOjH ,n;ona3e caMO Y je.ll.Hoj pe"lH (yn. 0.1.1). -Ma'iKii: Y MIlaiJatlalf.KU. -AnuB: Y ciiaealiu6. -ET(a)H: y ii.Ilaeei11au. -Eu(a)K!-eUKii: Y MatlellaK!32. -Eu(a)H: Y Ma -E'I(a)K: Y Matlelf.aK 133. -Ew(a)H: y Ma/lewaH..
/I~aH..
-Hwau: y cO/lUWa6.
2.45. nOMeHHMO Ha Kpajy J.(Be MOPIP eMe Koje HHCy rrpaBI1 CYIPI1KCI1 Beli CTpaHI1 IPJIeKTI1BHI1 HaCTaBI.(H, anH ce 6ap y HeKI1M npl1Mepl1Ma nOHa majy CJIHqHO CyIPHKcHMa. rpqKH HOMI1HaTHBHH HaCTaBaK -OC, 6e3 npoMeHe 3Haqelba, jaBJba ce Y )"IeHHM 06nl1UHMa eiioc (= en) 11 Muilioc (= MI1T), a Ha paBHO H Y XpucUtOC I3l • 3a CYIPHKC 6HCMO ra MO)K,ll;a MOrJII1 CMaTpaTI1 je,n;l1 HO Y KOMaHiJoC 'BOjHHK KOjH ce Y TOKY paTa y6auyje Ha Henpl1jaTeJbCKO no,n;pyqje' eHrJI. commando, nOpeKJIOM 113 nopryrancKor, KO,n; Hac Ha -oc jep ce rOTOBO yBeK ynm:pe6JbaBa y MHO)KHHI1).
«
C ,n;pyre cTPaHe, no,n; YTl1uajeM XI1CnaHI13aMa caylf.O - caylf.Ocu, Ka6a Ibepo(c), iJecuepaiJoc 11 CJIl1qHHX, r,n;e je -s y mnaHCKOM HaCTaBaK nnypana a KO,n; Hac ce CXBaTa Kao ,n;eo OCHOBe, jaBHJIO ce -oc Kao )KaprOHCKI1 CYIPHKC. t{OJIa3H Ha OKpa.eHe OCHOBe, rrpe CBera y iiajilioc 'rrajTam', uapKOC 'HapKO
-J],au: Y MUPUW.lba6. -J],aT: Y owiliplbai11 -OILaB: y cY60l-ba6 (cyxol-ba6).
Meijy CYIPI1KCI1Ma CTPaHor nopeKna HawnH CMO caMO -eCKHii, Y pO MalleCKH.u. 134
3.1. -AB je BeOMa Ilpo.n;yKTHBaH cYIPI1KC ca 3HaqelbeM THIlH"IHe oco 611He, y Ilpl1.l1.eBI1Ma KOjl1 ce Hajllemoe O.ll.HOCe Ha JbY.lI.CKa 6Hha.
PMC,
HHa'!e '!emhe y O.ll;pe~eHOM BH.D:Y MaAeI/KU. BapHjaHTa npeMa
.ll;e'!jeM HJrOBopy je Mael/aK, 131 MlI,l\a TO jow HHje.ll;Ha .ll;OClI,l\aIlllba rpaMaTHKa HHje 3a6eJle)l(HJla, OBO HMe HMa
-oc y
HOMHHaTHBY, a ry6H ra Y OCTaJlHM nll,l\elKHMa (Xpuciiia, Xpuciiiy HT.ll;.). no aHaJIOrnjH, Y HOBH je BpeMC jaBJba ce H HOMHHaTHB Xpuciii, KOjH HHje Y Tpll,l\Hl\HjH CpnCKOI' KlbH]I(CBHOr jC3HKa, a KaTKlI,l\ H na,LlC]I(HH 06mlUH Xpuciiioca, Xpuciiiocy 11T.ll;., KOjH cY 6e3 cYMlbe norpeIllHH.
PMC 'mI1JbaCT').
-IbUB: Y iipawl-bue.
y PCAHY
H MajetlaK.
133
PMC
6eJle]l(H H BapHjaHTC MajftllaK H OMMe'laK (O.ll; OMaAeH).
134
Hem
HTaJlHjaHcKH CyqIHKC jaBJba ce H
aJIH je TY Y cpnCKOM CYCPHKC -(a}H.
y
zpoInecKaH, 6ypllecKaH, lluiiiopecKaH,
Tsop6a pe'lll y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je311KY
CYQJIIKcaul!ja
ciUUlba6, anH yn. X6WIa6), npeJIaCKa II Y IJ (2p03HUlJa6, 6paOa6UlJa6), pel}e K y IJ (je3UlJa6, jeKiUulJa6, aJIH O/laKa6 HTA.). I1MeHH'{Ke OCHOBe npeTe)!(HO 3Ha'le HeKY BHAJbHBY nojaBY Ha TeJIY, KaO Y 2p6a6, K6p2a6, 1J60pY2a6, 6y6y IbUlJa6, 6paOa6UlJa6, KpacUia6, 602Ulba6, O/laKa6, MQlba6, lJeKUlba6, K06P !la6, lie.tla6, MUWUna6, XYlba6, UO)e2a6, C/lUlIa6, X6a.rla6, 311Oja6, 211oja6, WUipOKa6, lJal;a8 HTA. Mory 3Ha'lHTH H 60JIeCT, KaO zy6a6, UaOa6UlJa8, wy Za6, 2p03HUlJa8, MeiUUlba6, KUfla6, MaAa CY CKOpO CSH 'leudiH y npeHeCCHHM 3Ha'le1bHMa Hero y AOCJIOBHOM: TO Ba)!(H H 3a XU/la8, 6a.tla6, Kp8a6 H 2a pas. TeK nOKojH 3Ha'le KapaKrepHY HJIH anCTpaKTHY OC06HHY, Kao weup iUlba8, je3UlJa6, UCKpUlJa6. Ha caCTaB, rpaljy HJIH KOHCHCTeHll,Hjy He)!(HBHX nojMoBa OAHoce ce npHAeBH Kao xpCKa6UIJa6, cauYlba6, 3ejUiulbas, MaciUu lba6, 6paWlbQ6 (-Ha6), C/lY3a6, PYUUlJa6. CaMO y npeHeceHOM 3Ha'le1bY ca 'IyBano ce pf;a6 (3Ha'lelbe 'nOKpHBeH pljOM, 3apljao' PMC Aaje Ha nOCJIeA lbeM MecTY, 6e3 npHMepa).
HaBOAH cJJa60 nOCBeAO'leHe npHAeBe lfp6elba6, 3e.tlelba6, Kao H OHe C npo IllHpeHHM CYCPHKCHMa, THna xyUiKa6, 3e.tleHUlJa6. CKOK 1951 :20 nOMHlbe npHAeBe TypcKor nOpeKJIa liopa8, ne.tla6 H WaUla6, OA KOjHX je caMO npBH HeKaAa HMao H 06JIHK 6e3 cy
254
3.1.1. HHillTa Malbe 6pojHe (HacynpoT OHOMe IllTO Ka)!(e CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:579) HHCY HH H3BeAeHHll,e OA rJIarOJICKHX OCHOBa. OHe ce Mory OA HOCHTH Ha JbYACKO 6Hne Koje THnH'IHO BpIllH paAIbY 03HaqeHY rJIarOJIOM, Kao y weua6, lioua6, 2e2a6, opeKa8, KelbKa6, WKUlba6 (IJK-), 6Ylba6, 2YIlf;a6, lJaH2pU3as (!l-), /laja6 (06HqHO
iUpeUlUia6, uuwiUa6, uucKa8, 6pcKa6, lI6pKyUla6, xpuua6, oaxiUa6, (x)YIb Ka8, 6pcKa6, Ulyu/KeiUa6, wYUJlbeiUa6, UlywiUa6, KpeKeiUa6, UlKpuua6, upa CKa6 HTA. Y3 pa3He )!(HBe HJIH He)!(HBe HMeHHue MOry cTajaTH xMupa6, ::>JC.MUpKa6, iUpeuiUa6, iUpeiiepa6, 6/lewUia6 (6Ibe-), c6{j)eUi/lYlla6, /le.tlyja6, OpAtyca6, Kpu6yoa6, IbYIbYUJKa6, /leiipWa6, 6Plla6, 20/lUlIa6, KQlba6, iiplba6, xpcKa6, iiellKa6, K/ltIMa6, /laCKa6, KpXlba6, K/lU3a6 HTA. C AOHeKJIe nOMepe HHM 3Ha'lelbeM je lJyiia6 (CreBaHoBHn, HaB. M., TYMa'IH: "oHaj Kora cy 'ly nanH HJIH Kao Aa cy ra 'lynanH"). OA rJIarOJIa HJIH OA HMeHHll,e MornH 6H 6HTH Mupuca6, iUMaca6, 6U jyza6, Ma1bKa6. FU3oa6 6HCMO AaHac H3BOAHJIH H3 rJIaroJIa, npe Hero H3 3a CTapeJIe HMeHHll,e ZU30a 'yKpac'.
3.1.2. OA npHAeBcKe OCHOBe je AaHac npaKTH'lHO caMO 2.Ilyiia6, ca HCTHM 3Ha'lelbeM Kao H OCHOBHH npHAeB. CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:580 HaBOAH H
=
=
Kp'ba6 Kplb H CUlba6 CUIb, AOK Y Hey06H'IajeHoM .MflaKa6, no lbeMY, cy CPHKC H3pIDKaBa H3BeCHO YMalbHBaibe CBPJIO cJIa60 MJIaK'). D/laiUlba6, iipa Wlba6 H He MHoro y06H'lajeHo KpeIJlba6 CKOjH Ca.n;P)!(H Y ce6H Kpe'la', y PMC H3 PHCTHna-KaHrpre, 6e3 UHTaTa) MornH 6H 6HTH OA 6.naiUHu, upa WIIU, KpelJHU C jOToBalbeM, YKOJIHKO He )!(eJIHMO Aa YBeAeMO noce6aH CJIO )KeHH Cy
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3.1.3. OA 3aMeHH'lKe OCHOBe je HuwUia6 (AaHac Kao npaBHH repMHH, HHaqe yrnaBHOM 3aMeibeHO ca HuwiUa6aH). 3.1.4. HanOMeHHMO Ha Kpajy Aa nOCTojH BpnO MHoro HeMOTHBHcaHHX npHAeBa Ha -a6. TIopeA MaJIO'laC nOMeHymx ca OCHOBOM OA TYPCKHX npH AeBa, TaKBH cy jOill H IJUUia6, /lyKa6, Mpwa6, X20Iba6, /la6a8, JWZUUia8, .MflOXa8, KlbaKa6, iUpaiia6, 6a1l2a8, QlbKa6, IUle.MUa8, 3pUKa8, xpaiia8, Myca6, 6.neca8, 61byUia6, IbU2a6 H ApyrH, yrnaBHoM C HeraTHBHOM KO HO'raUHjOM. HeMO'rHBHcaHHM 6H ce BepOBaTHO Mopano CMa-rpaTH H J.tpUia6, ynpKoc 3a jeAHH'lKoj OCHOBH ca HMeHHUOM c-MpUi, ca-MpUi H npoBHAHoj eTHMOJIO IllKOj Be3H C rJIarOJIOM Mp(uj)eUiu. CJIO)KeHH CYCPHKCH:
3.1.5. 3a -KaB, ca 3Ha'lelbeM npH6JIH)KHOCTH, HeMa CHrypHHX nOTBp Aa. Ea6Hn 1991 :459 HaBOAH H3 MHpKa Eo)KHna, 6e3 AecpHHHUHje H 6e3 ApyrHx npHMepa, 6je/lKa8, xyiliKa8, Z/lyuKa6, oe6elbKa6. XJIe6eu 1998:326, 328 AOAaje CU6Ka6, lfP'bKa8, lfP8elbKa6, anH Te pe'lH HHCY nOCBe AOlJeHe y rpal}H HHTH y pe'lHHUHMa. 3.1.6. -BKaB (HJIH -jHKaB,jep Haj'leillne H3a3HBajoTOBalbe) HMa AeMH H)'THBHO 3Ha'lelbe y XIlaolbuKa6, Upa3IbUKa6, MyUllbuKa6 'nOMaJIO M)'TaH', MaClbUKa6 'nOMaJIO MacTaH', UioiilbuKa8 'nOMaJIO ronao, MJIaK', Kao H y no HeKOM npHAeBy 3a npH6JJH)KH)' 60jy - 6/leOUKa6 (6Ibe-), MoopuKa6 MO opuKacUi). DOOlbuKa8 H UlyiilbuKa8 MornH 6H 6HTH ca OBHM Cy
3.1.7. ·lbHK2B ce jaBJba caMO y 800lbuKa6 H c npHAeBcKoM OCHOBOM y xyUifbuKa8 ')KynKacT' GeAaH UHTaT y PMC). 3.1.8. CYCPHKC -H'IaB HeCyMlbHBO je nO'rBpljeH CaMO y M{j)ecUiUlJa8 'KOjH HHje cByme je.IUIaK; HejeAHaKo TKaH' H ca 3HaqelbeM HHjaHce y MO 0pUlJa6 (= MOApHKaCT) H 6/leOUlJa8 (6Ibe-) 'nOMano 6JIeA'. EBeHT)'anHO 6H ce TOMe Morno AOAaTH H UCKpUlJa6, Ma2.IlUIJa8 MarJIH'laCT) H CY3UIJa8 'nOMaJIO CY3aH', anH OHH cy 3anpaBO OA HMeHH'lKHX AeMHHymBa Ha -ulfa.
CYMlbUIJa6 He cnMa oBaMo, jep je OA rnaroJIa CYMIbUlJuUiu.
3.1.9. Ha -YU.28 HMaMO A06po n03HaTe npHAeBe C/la6ylba8, 6/leoy lba6 (6Ibe-) H ca PO C/laoYlba6. PMC 6eJIe)KH H peTKOCTH Kao X/laoYlba8
TBop6a pC'la y caspcMeHoM CPIlCKOM jC31!KY
Cyq,HKCaI.!Hja
'XJIa,[(H:.HKaB', iilOUAYlbae 'MaJIO, YMepeHO TOnaO, MJIaK', UAa'lKYlbae 'nJIa'lJl,HB' (ca HCTHM 3Ha'leH:.eM je H UAa'lKae: OCHOBa je BepOBaTHO H3 $peKBeHTaTHBHOr rJIarOJIa UAa'lKaiilu, Ma,[(a je OH y PMC 3a6eJIe:lKeH CaMO ca 3Ha'leH:.eM 'onmlKaTH, 3an.n:.ycKHBaTH'). He cna):(a OBaMO KozuiilYl'bae, 0,[( HCTe OCHOBe Kao y Kozuii1ynatj, Kozuii1ynutja, Kozuii1Y'b.
6PUii1KU, -a, -0 BepoBaTHo ce y CBeCTH ,[(aHalllH:.HX rOBopHHKa npe Be3yjy 3a rnaron 6pUii1U = 6pujaiilu (yo. 6puiilea) Hero 3a HMeHHUY 6puo, 0,[( Koje cy no CKOK"j HaCTaJIH.
256
3.1.10. Ha -YJLaB HMaMO MptuYlbae (",[(eM. npeMa MpmaB", Ka:lKe PMC, KOjH HaBOAH ,[(Ba LunaTa), MoopYlbae 'MOApHKaCT', :J1CUeYlbae 'KOjH ce XHTpO nOKpelie, :lKMBO nOKpeTaH' (,[(Ba UHTaTa y PMC, aJIH 06a H3 MHpKa 60:lKHna, OHcua H3Y3eTHO CKJIOHor eKcnpeCMBHMM cy$HKCHMa OBe BpCTe), Mpii1eYlbae (y PMC npeHeTO H3 pe'lHHKa JA3Y, C,n:e$HHHUHjOM 'cnop, nH naB; TPOM; 60JIeillJLHB'), Kpyii1Ylbae '[(e$MHMcaHO caMO ''[(e6eJLKaCT' (no CKOKY, s. V. Kpeii1aiilu, npB06HTHO 3Ha'leH:.e npH,[(eaa Kpyii1 6Hno 6H ',n:e 6eo'). BepOBaTHO He cna,n:ajy OBaMO npHAeBH Kao Kpu6)llbae, pocYlbae, CMe jylbae (CMU-), opxiilYlbae, nOlllTO ce npBa ,[(Ba MOry H3BeCTH o,n: HMeHHua Ha -ylba a ,[(pyra ,n:Ba o,n: rJIarona Ha -ylbuiilu. 3.1.11. -YUIaB je CaMO peTKa BapHjaHTa ,[(PYrHX ,[(eMHHYTHBHHX cy $HKca, Kao y MeKyzuae = MeKyrnaH, ZO/lyzuae = rOJIHmaB, UAa6YIUae = nna BymacT, CJla6yzuae = cJIa6amaH. He cna,n:ajy OBaMO u(j)eeyzuae H u(j)eny wae, o,n: rJIarona Ha -yzuuii1u. 3.2. -(A)K je Cy$HKC 6e3 '[(pyror 3Ha'leH:.a OCHM onmre npH,[(eBcKor. OTY'[(a je cTapHjH 06nHK euii1 (no nocTaHKY TpnHH npH,n:eB 0,[( euii1u) ,n:aHac yrJIaBHOM 3aMeH:.eH ca euiilaK; 0,[( HeMa'lKOr frisch '[(06HjeHo je ¢puzuaK (r'[(e je 3aBpmeTaK Morao 6HTH H no,[( YTHuajeM HTaJIHjaHcKor fresco, aJIH H Y TOM CJIY'lajy, KaKO Ka:lKe CKOK 1951:20, "Hama je3H'IHa cBHjecT Ira je] CXBaTHJIa Kao npH,lijeB H3Be,n:eH nOMony cy$HKca -1>K"). lb CJIW·IHHX pa3no ra oBaj Cy$HKC 'IeCTO He Y'leCTByje y KOMnapal.{HjH, Kao y nU3aK - lIUXU, ii1exaK - ii1exu, CJlaOaK - CJla9U; o,n: 2/laOaK je 2/la9U (llpas. 1993 ,n:ony llITa H 2/laiilKuju), 0,[( 6/lU3aK - 6/luxu (llpaB. 1993 ,[(aje caMO 6/lucKUju, mTO je 6e3 cyMH:.e norpemHo). -(A)K pe,[(oBHo H30CTaje y KOMnapaTHBY H cynepJIaTHBy HeMOTHBHcaHHX npHAeBa Kao mTO cy Kpaii1aK, ii1anaK, )l3aK, p(uj)eoaK, iiAuiilaK H jom nOHeKH. 3.2.1. M3Be,[(eHHue o,n: HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa HHCY HapO'lHTO 6pojHe. 3a H:.HX je KapaKTepHCTH'IHO ,[(a ce pa,n:Hje jaB.1l>ajy y o,n:pe!jeHOM Hero y Heo,[( pe!jeHOM BH,n:y. Japx:u H xapKu yonlllTe H HeMajy Heo,n:pe~eHor 06JIHKa, Ma):(a 6H ce no 3Ha'leH:.Y O'leKHBaJIo,[(a ra HMajy. (3aHHM.1l>HBO je,n:a necKHH 1914:301, y naparpa$y 0 Cy$HKCY -aK, OBa ,n:Ba npH,[(eBa yonlllTe HHje HH HaBeo y MYllIKOM po,[(y, Hero caMO y CHHTarMaMa japKo cyHtje O,[(HOCHO xapKO CYHtje.) llpH,[(eBH eOlbaK, zpOMaK, jeOaK (no CKOKY o'[(jeo), 6puoaK TaKO cy ,[(aTH y PMC, aJIH ce peTKO cpeliy y Heo,n:pe!jeHOM BH,[(y; 06nHUH
257
3.2.2. O,n: rnaroncKHX OCHOBa, 6ap y CHHXPOHHjCKOj aHaJIH3H, CBaKaKO cy HaCTaJIH nl)H,n:eBH 1UlU3aK, C1UlU3aK, 'luii1aK, zu6aK, KpxaK, pe3aK, lby6aK, Mp3aK, Y3 peTKO KoeaK (= KOBaH) H /lOMaK (= nOM.1l>HB, KPXaK). CBH OHH HMajy 3Ha'leH:.e MoryliHe rnaroJICKe PMl:he (no KOMe ce MO:lKe 1UlU3aii1u, KO jH ce naKO 'luii1a H CJI.) 0'[( napTH[(Hna je Ben nOMenyTO euiilaK, aJIH Bela C marOJIOM euiilu 3HaTHO je OCJIa6.1l>eHa, 6YAYnH'[(a He 3Ha'iH 'C3.BHT.1l>HB' He ro 'TaHaK, H3,[(Y:lKeHHX nHHHja', eBeHTYaJIHO H 'e1IaCTH'IaH'. iluii1aK je "o,n: OCHOBe uUii1-", KaKO nHme CKOK, 6HJIO ,[(a je TO 0,[( HH$HHHTHBa HJIH 0,[( TPnHor npH,[(eBa: Hcry OCHOBY HMaMO y HMeHHl.{aMa uulie H Hauuii1aK. Ha cnpaM npHAeBa CJlaOaK, 2/laOaK, KpeUaK, ii1exaK nOCToje maroJIH Ra -uiilu, a HacnpaM op3aK rnaron Op3Hyii1U ce, aJIH cy TH rJIaronH H3Be,n:eHH 0'[( UPH ,[(eBa a He 06PHYTO. rOpaK (npB06HTHO 3Ha'leH:.e 'Bpyli') H3ry6Hno je ce MaHTH'IK}' Be3Y C rJIaronoM zop(j)eii1u. 3.2.3. Kao ,[(eMHHYTHBHH Cy$HKC -(a)K ce jaBJLa y ,[(Be peTKe H3Be,[(e HHue 0,[( npH,[(eBa, C naJIaTaJIH3a[(HjoM: ee.tlU'laK (no PMC 'npHnH'IHO Be JIHK, nOBe1IHK') H Heja'laK (' ,n:eM. 0,[( HejaK, cJIa6amaH, HeMODaH, KpXaK'). Yn. KO/lU'laK H iilO/lU'laK Me!jy 3aMeHH'IKHM cy$HKcHMa (5.1). 3.2.4. ,L\eMHHYTHBHH Cy$HKC -il'l(a)K (-a'l[a)K) HMaMO y CJla6a'laK, ilYHa'iaK H y HeKOJIHKO pel}HX pe'lH Kao cyea'laK (cyx-), /laZa'laK (PO), MG /la'laK. Be.tlUKa'laK, no PMC, 3Ha'iH ' )l.OCTa Be1IHK, nOBeJIHK', aJIH H 'Bpno BeJIHK, orpoMaH'. /(yza'laK je H3ry6HJIO ,n:eMHHYTHBHOCT H a$eKTHBHOCT. Yn. -a'lKU no)l. -CKU (3.25.19). 3.3. Cy$HKC -ilK ce j3.B.1l>a y TPH U3Be)l.eHHue o,n: 6pojeBa - jeOHaK, oeojaK H iilpojaK. Y nOCne)l.l:hHM ,!(BeMa OCHoaa je Y3eTa O)l. 36HpHor 6poja, Kao y OeojaH, iilpojaH HJIH y CnO:lKeHHuaMa Ha oeo-, ii1po- (BHAH '[(eo 0 cna raH:.Y, 2.6.1).
3.4. 3a -(a)H, Haj$peKBeHTHHjH 0,[( CBIIX npHAeBCKHX cy$HKca, nOCTa B.1l>a ce Hajnpe nHTaH:.e )l.a JIH ra 06pa1}HBaTH 3aje'[(Ho ca o,n:pe!jeHHM -HU H.lJH UX (c 063HpoM.Ha O,[(HOCHe npH)l.eBe THna p06Hu, KOjH HeMajy HeO)l.pe~eHH BH)l.) TPernpaTH Kao ,n:Ba 3ace6Ha cy$HKca. He,n:0YMHll,e y TOM CMHCny H3pa :lKaBajy KaKO 6a6Hn 1991:420-421 TaKO H M. fpHll,KaT 1990. OBa ,n:pyra DH me (CTP. 215) ,Il,a "naJI(JLHBHja ceMaHTH'IKa aHaJIH3a CBe)l.O'lH ,[(a cy, CHH xPOHHjCKH nocMaTpaHo, y nHTaI1>Y )l.Ba pa3Ha cy$HKca. AnH •.• nOKa3aHH Cy$HKCH, HaKO ,n:aHac Pa3JIHQHTH ... no nopeKlly HnaK npe)l.cTaB.1l>ajy HCTH Cy$HKC." }beH 3aK.1l>Y'laK je ,n:a "Meljy npHAeBHMa KOjH ce 9llBpmaBajy ua
258
259
TBop6a pe"lH y caspeMeHoM CPIlCKOM je:llIKY
Cy$UKCaIJ,Hja
CyqHfKC C eJIeMeHTOM -11- MOx<e JJ.a ce H3BeJJ.e nO,L{eJIa y3 jeJJ.aH noce6aH prin cipium divisionis." To ce, HCTHHa, yrnaBHoM O,[lHOCH Ha npH,[IeBe Ha -U'l(a)H (Hnp. Meilloou'laH) HacnpaM OHHx' Ha -CKU (MeilloOU'lKU, Meilloo CKU), KojHMa je nOCBeneH OCTaTaK lbeHor pa,[l~.
neKCHKorpaq, Helie TaKO nOCTynHTH, anH ce laTO H3JIa)l(e MHOro6pojHHM He ,[IOCne,[lHOCTHMa. rOBopefiu 0 CnO)l(eHHuaMa, HaBeJlH CMO HeKe 0,[1 TaKBHX npHMepa H3 PMC, r,[le ce npH,[leBH Ha -uocau ,[Iajy y Heo,[lpegeHoM BH.z:\Y, aJIH KpcillOHOCUU Y O,[lpeljeHoM (B. npBH ,[leo OBe JClhHre, CT}J. 95), u080eOjeK08au
Y npaKCH, pa:u-paHH'IHTH Cyq,HKC -(a)H (~OjH y CBaKOM cnY'lajy HMa O,[lpeljeHH anOMOpq, -Hii) 0,[1 cyq,HKca C HCKJJ..YlJHBHM 06nHKOM -HU 6Hno 68 BeOMa TemKO. Pa3n03H 3a TO cy ,[IBojaKH. C je,[lHe c-:rpaHe, rpaHHua H3Meljy OIlHCHHX H O,[lHOCHHX npH,[IeBa je penaTHBHa H 'leCTO 3aBHCH 0,[1 HeH3Be CHHX, HejacHHx H cna60 ,[IOKYMeHTOBaHHX 3Ha'lefba. HeMa MHOro On03H1{H ja Kao mTO cy OHe y npHMepHMa XY'laH (Hnp. )l(y'laH cnop) HacnpaM XY'lHU (KaHan) HJIH KYllillypaH ('lOBeK) HacnpaM KYllillYPHU (aTame). Y Be IiHHH ,[IpyrHx napOBa KOjH ce HaBO,[le y nHTepaTypH je,[lHO 0,[1 nOHyljeHHX 3Haqefba ,[IeJIyje Hey6eJUbHBO, peUHMO Ka,l:\ Ea6HIi 1991 :418 KOHTpaCTHpa O,[lHOCHO jYXHU ca onHCHHM jyxaH (,jy)l(aH BjeTap, ,[IaH"), HnH Kpyumu 'KOjH ce O,[IHOCH Ha Kpyx' ca KpYUlaH '60raT KPYXOM'. rpHUKaToBa y HaBe ,[IeHOM Pa,l:\y Kao rnaBHH npHMep Y3HMa cillO'laH '60raT CTOKOM' HacnpaM CillO'lHU 'KOjH je y Be3H ca CTOKOM', anH OHO npBO 3Ha'leae ,[IaHaC je pCTKO, y PMC HaBe,[leHO caMO c je,[lHHM l(HTaTOM, ,[10K ra Ea6HIi 1991 :415 03Ha'la Ba Kao ,,3aCTapjeJIO".
arm cillapoe(j)eK08uu (CT}J. 102), jeoHOo(uj)e.tIlIu aJIH oeoo(uj)e.tIaH (112), MHoz08(j)eK08all anH Ml/oZ0'laCoeuu (117) H TOMe CJIH'lHO. Jom je,[IHa ,[\Ii1le
C ,[Ipyre c-:rpaHe, on03HUHja O,[lpeljeHor H HeO,[lpeljeHor BH,[Ia, y nHca HOM je3HKY, nOCTojH caMO y HOMHHaTHBY MymKor pO,[la je,[lHHHe, a ,[IaHaC je yrnaBHoM TaKO H Y rOBOpy.13S YI
2000, 569-575, Ha
CTp.
572.
Ma 3a neKCHKorpaq,a jecre ,[Ia nH npH,[leBe ca HCTOM OCHOBOM ,[IaaaTH nO,[l,[\Be O,[lpe,[lHHl(e HJIH 3aje,[lHO. Y PMC HaJIa3HMO IIpHMepe la 06a nOCTYnKa. TaKO je 6pojaH 'MHor06pojau' O,[lBojeHo 0,[1 6pOjHU 'ROjH ce O,[IHOCH Ha 6poj', ZAa caH 'qyjaH' O,[lBojeHo 0,[1 ZAaCHU 'ROjH ce O,[lSOCH sa mac', ,[10K cy HacynpOT TOMe no,[l HCTOM O,[lpe,[\HHQOM KUUlaH ,[laTa H 3Ha'leILa 'KHmOBHT' H 'KOjH cn~H 3a 3ammry 0,[1 KHme', 6e3 nO,[laTaKa 0 BH,[Iy OBor ,[Ipyror; nO,[l3eY'lall je ,[IaTO H 'KOjH jaKo H jacHo 3BY'lH' H 'KOjH ce O,[lHOCH Ha 3BYK', OBO ,[Ipyro C HanOMeHOM y 3arpa,l:\H ,,06H'lHO O,[lp.". TemKohe O,[lpeljHBafba BH,[Ia Haj60Jbe lie ce BH,[IeTH aKO ynope,[IHMO 06H'lHHje rpa,[lHBHe npH,[IeBe. PMC ,[Iaje KOXHU, CIlllJlfllU, KY0(j)eJbUU, Ife llyl103Hu, ac<jJaAillHU, KaAajHu, 6poKailluu, ilop<jJupuu, 6u6epHu caMO y 0,[1 peljeHoM BH,[Iy, mTO je Pa3yMJLHBO. Y HeO.z:IPCgeHoM BH,[Iy ,[IaTO je 31laillau (r,[le HeMa cyMlbe ,[Ia nocToje 06a BH,[Ia), MeillaAaH, OlloeaH, xelle3aH (xell>-), na H zpauuillaH, MPaMOpaU, MepMepaH, 6ucepaH, aaMY'laH, poxaH (c jom ,[IBa CHHOHHMa: POXaH c noc~aHHM a Hpoxuaill), Ma,[Ia je 3a MHore 0,[1 fbHX HeH3BeCHO ,[Ia nH TaKBH 06nHUH nOCToje (npHMepH H3 rpalje HX He nOTBpljyjy). Y3 O,[lpe,[lHHUY 6aKapall CrojH caMO "B. 6aKapHH"; 'lMU'IaH H KpucillaAaH ,[laTH cy y TOM 06nHKY, anH Y3 OCHOBHO 3HaQen.e ,[10 ,[laTa je HanOMeHa "O,[lp." y 3arpa,[lH; Y3 IIpH,[IeB KaMeH, -a, -0 KIDKe ce ,,06H'lHO O,[lp.", Ma,l:\a je TO je,[lHHa peq 3a Kojy je, y je,[lHOM 0,[1 UHTaTa, no CBe,[lO'leH Heo,[lpeljeHH BH,[I (KaMeU a6o). HMajyfiu y BH,[Iy CBe OBe HeH3BecHOC11f, 3aKJLyqyjeMo ,[\a je MeTO,[lO nomICH HcnpaaHHje rOBOpHTH 0 je,[lHOM HCTOM Cyq,HKCy Y npH,[leBHMa THna Mpa'iaH H OHHMa THna p06uu, HapaBHO y3 OIpauH'lefbe ,[Ia npBH HMajy 06a BH,[Ia a ,[IpYTH caMO O,[lpeljeHH.
3.4.1. OCHoBe npe,[l OBHM Cyq,HKCOM ,[IO)l(HBJbaaajy HH3 q,OHeTCKHX npoMeHa. npoMeHY K > 'I HMaMO Y·Mpa'laH, 'loe(j)e'laH, apOc(j)e'laH, IlU 'IaH, UaHU'laH, CO'laH, c60jepY'lau, 6pa'lHU, pOJe'luu, ilPa3HU'IHU, UCillO'lHU, a36Y'lHU, py'lHU uillo.; z > x y CHa:JICaH, 6Il(lXaH, cuexaH (cfbe-), 6pu xa~ a060xaH,jeoHoCfloxaH, oyxau, KpyxaH, 6y6peXHu, 3aapexHu, HOXHU, OKPYXHU, illpXHU HT,[I.; x > w y cillpaUlau, cupoMawaH, CM(uj)eUlaH, ycii(j)eUlaH, zpeUlau, epUluu, illp6yutl-lu HT,[I.l( npeMa 'I HMaMO Y UOe'laH, KOHa'laH, aOIlOeU'IaH, XOillUMU'laH, xMyoa'lHU, uuja'lHU, M(j)eCe'lHU, ZpaHU'IHU, 'IUfbeHU'IHU HT,[I. OBe wrrepHau:uje H30CTajy y HeKO
260
CyljlllKcaUllja
TBopoa pe'!H y caBpeMeHOM CPIICKOM je3HKY
JUlKO npH.n:eBa C1paHOr nOpeKlla KaO 6apOKHU, ciliaq;U/lOI\OI\HU, aHatlOZall, a norOTOBY Y OHHMa ca cyrnaCHHqKOM rpynoM Ha Kpajy OCHOBe, Kao ZpOtUe CKaH, 6YPlleCKHU, apa6eCKHU (BH.n: HaBO.ll.HMO npeMa PMC), I\(WPIfHU, IlU lfeHIfHU H cn. YBeK ce nanaTanH3yjy OCHOBe HMeHHua Ha -Ul\a, Kao y 1l0ZU ~aH, OU1lClMu~aH, CtUailiU~ali, UOlleMU~ali, uaUu~a1l, uailieiliu~aH, pOMaH
iliU'laH, I\pUiliU'laH, epoiliu~aH, ilipaZU'laH, eZ30iliu'laH, aK)lCiliU'laH, xuopaYIlU'laH HT.lI..
1\0MU~aH, llupu~aH,
KIlaCU'lall,
261
3.4.4. 1l>0HeTcKY aHoManHjy npe.ll.CTaBlba npH.n:es cpe6pu. Ea6Hn 1991:435 ra npHKa3yje Kao je.ll.HHH npHMep CY
3.4.5. Y H3Se.ll.eHHuaMa o.n: HMeHHua Ha -(a)1f H -(a)1\ H3yJeTHO ce qy Ba HenocTOjauo a H3 OCHORe: 1\0Ha~aH (yn. 1\0ll'laH -aHa -aHO o.n: XOMOHHMa 3.4.2. ITpeJIa3 Il > 0 jaBJLa ce y MalbeM 6pojy npH.n:eBa KaO COIIU, cilio 1\01talf 'HHT'), o8ociliy6a'laH, iiipocilia8a'laH, ilipeuyi1i.a'laH, iipo6uilia'lau, HU, yzaoHu, MucaOH, oeoHu(ouOHU). up(uj)eciliol/u (o6nHUH Ha -IlHU cy xp . JlCe.fIyoa'lHU, (08aHaecilio)iiatla'lHU HT.n:. flpa8eoaH, y O./UIOCY Ha HMeHHUY BaTcKH). y 'leOHU (nope.ll. 'le.lI1m) H y cilieoH136. HHaqe ce -Il qyBa, Kao y CU upa80a, HMa eTHMOnOWKH HeonpaB.n:aHO -eo. CKOK 1951:26-27 06jawIhaBa llaH -AHa, ciliMaH -IlHa, I\pU/lHU HT.lI.., norOTOBY y npH.D:eBHMa C1paHor no .n:a je KO.n: nHcaua XV H XVI BeKa nocTojano upa80aH -801ta, Koje 6H ce CBe peKna Kao Meiliatll/u, ilieKCiliU/ll/u, atll\OXOllltU HT.n:. .110 Ha iipa8Ha H THMe ce H3je.n:HaqH.lIO CnpH.D:eBOM O.ll. HMeHHue iipa8o. Ory 3.4.3. KapaKTepHCTHqHO je 3a oBaj CyqlHKC ry6lbelbe cyrnacHHKa y .n:a je C.n:pyrHM CY
«
«
lJYTHM, HeMa cTBapHe nOTBp.n:e y TeKCTOSHMa, a Kao O./UIOCHH npH.D:eB o.n:
6llazo8peMeH, I\pailiK08peMeH, ilipocilieueH, 8UwecilieiieH, jeoHocilipaH., ca MoxpaH, KpyUlt03PH., OyZOKlbYH, C8U/lOpyH H cn., Kao H KO.n: npe
3.4.7. "Ee3 o.n:peljeHor je 3Haqelba" KalKe CKOK 1971 3a Cy
rnafO.IICKa OCHOBa H.IlH CHHTarMa yJeTa y
262
CY«PHKClIl{IIja
TsopGa pe'fH Y caspeMeHoM CPIlCKoMje:lHKY
je.llHa YHMeHHllKoj a.llpyra y npHJ{eacKoj $YHKl.{MjH, Hnp. illyza - illyxau, CIlo6ooa - CIlo6oOaH, 6011ecw - 60flecWaH. Y ,l:(pyrnM cJlY'lajeBHMa npH,I:(eB ce MOTHBHlIIe HMeHHQOM, aJ1H Ha Kpajll>e Pa3HOJlHKe HaI.JHHe: iiJlooaH 'KOjH ,l:(aje llJIO,l:(a', UlwewaH 'KOjH H3a3HBa UITery',ycU(j)eUltt{l 'KOjH HMa ycnexa', MaoaH 'KOjH ocelia rJl~', CMpwaH 'KojHje nO~O)KaH CMPTH', xuwaH '60 raT )KHTOM', 3Hojall '06JJHBeH 3HojeM', 06fla'lall 'nOKpHBeH 06J1aQHMa' H Ta KO ,l:(aJLe. TIPH TOM, Kao lIITO HCTH'Ie Ba6HIi (CTp. 416), MHOrH npH,I:(eBH MOry HMaTH H BHlIIe 3HaQell>a, Hnp. ClUexaH 'KojHje 0,1:( cHHjera', 'KojHje nOKpH BeH cHHjeroM', 'KOjH je 6Hjen Kao cHHjer' H CJlH'IHO.
lliTO ce THqe np~eBa Ha -HU, CreBaHoBHIi 1964 J :590 H3,1:(Baja OHe "KOjH nope,l:( OCTaJIOr 03Ha'iaBajy npHn~all>e", HaBo,l:(eliH caMO TpH npHMe pa, opxa6Hu, llapOOHU H He6ecHu, Kao H OHe Be3aHe 3a ,l:(eJlOBe TeJla Kao lIITO cy 6pawHu, 'leOHU, fleljHu, WeMellU, HOCHU, iIeWHU. Pa3YMe ce ,l:(a cy TO caMO ,l:(Be 0,1:( MHOro6pOjHHX KaTeropHja 3Ha'lefba, jep 6H HCTY na)KfbY 3a CJly*HBaJIH H rp~HBHH np~eBH (noMeHym rope nOA 3.4), npHAeBH 3a Me CTO (MO]ecHu, KYIiHU, C06HU, 3UOHU, o6opuumu, YflU'lHU, OICPYXHU HT,I:(.), 3a BpeMe (oHe6Hu, HoIiHU, iIooHe6llu, HeoO]eJbHU, MO]eCe'lHU HTA.), OHH ca Bpe,l:(Homliy reHHTHBa (Kao y 'leWHU cwapeUluHa, U030puUlHa 3zpaoa, caw HU MexaHU3aM, iIopoljajHu 60fl06U, P06HU iIpoMew, ICaMaWHa cwoua) H jOlli ,l:(OCTa ,l:(pyrnx. I1MeHHQe y OCHOBH KaTK~ ce cKpaliyjy, Kao y 3eMHU, OpyXHU « opyxje), i1IbY6a'lHU « i1IbY6a'lICa), zpalje6Hu « zpalje6UHa), UM06HU « UMo6UHa). Ca MHO)KHHCKHM npo):Iy)KeTKOM je OCHOBa y 'lyoec-aH, He6ec-Hu, w(j)enec-Hu.
3.4.8. -(A)H/-HU ce, HapaBHo, ,l:(o,l:(aje H Ha OCHOBe MHomx CTpaHHx HMeHHua, Kao y MopMaH, KYpaxaH, IC6MuwewaH, xu6puoaH, OeWatball, MapMHu, ICOHKYPCHU, MKOXOflUU, cpepllu, IC6aopawHu H TaKO ,l:(aJLe. JOlli 'Iellilie ce, MeljYTHM, npey:mMa CTpaHH np~eBcKH CyqlHKC, KOjH ca -(a)H/Hu 'o6pa3yje KOHrnymHaT, Kao y oujew-MaH, iIapflaMeHW-apaH, Zpuu-03aH, weICcw-YMaH H CJI. ]ViJleMe H3Meljy OBa ,l:(Ba nocrynKa jaBJhajy ce HapO'lH TO y Me,l:(HQHHcKoj TePMHHoJlomjH.
263
CTHrHyT eKcnepHMeHTOM), "wy6ep'K)'flHU 6aQHJl" (noUITO cTBapa Ty6epKY Jle, 'IBOpHne) aJIH "wy6epKYfl03HU 60JleCHHK" H CJlH'IHO. TIpH3Hao je, HDaK, ,l:(a ce JlaTHHCKH CY41HKC Mopa 3~p)KaTH y np~eBHMa Kao 6UpUJlaH, flawe PMHU, flewMHU, UHZ6uHMaH, flYM6MaH, pallUjMaH, aouu03aH I38 H CJI., 6y,l:(yliH ,l:(a fbHXOBa MOTHBHa HMeHHQa He nOCTojH y cpnCKOM. OBaKO HepeaJIHHM 3aXTeBHMa O.lVIY'lHO ce cynpoTcTaBHO TIpe,l:(HIi
1953, yn030paBajybH QefbeHor JleKapa ,l:(a "onnJTa ynorpe6a ... He MO)Ke 6HTH norpelliHa ... TIorpemHO je HaM e p H 0 pe41opMHcaTH, He no ocelia fbY, Hero y M Yj Y Ii H" (CTp. 34). KOCTHneBe On03HQHje THna eICcUepu MeHWHU - eKcUepUMeHwMaH TIpe,l:(HIi je o,l:(6aQHo C npHMe,l:(60M: "HH y jeAHoM je3HKY ce He npaBe TaKBe QenH,IUIa'lKe pa3JJHKe, HHTH je Morylie Ta'lHO HX O,l:(pe,l:(HTH." Kao nOTKpeny CBOjHX TBp,l:(fbH QHTHpao je je,l:(aH 'lJJa HaK BOr,l:(aHa TIonoBHna y KOMe ce Ka)Ke ,~a je je,l:(HO n p a B H JI 0 Y o6J1a CTH n03ajMHQa, ,l:(a ce n03ajMJheHe pe'lH (ca BpJlO He3HaTHHM H3Y3eQHMa) YBeK npHMajy ca fbHXOBHM nYHHM OpHrHHaJIHHM 06J1HKOM, TO jecT ca ILH XOBHM HaCTaBKOM 3a OCHOBY; H ,l:(a ce ,l:(aJLe, npeMa CBOjCTBY je3HKa, TOMe nYHOM 06JJHKY ,l:(O,l:(ajy nOCJle,l:(ILHI39 HaCTaBUH y06wlajeHH y TOMje3HKY·" I13BaH Me,l:(HQHHCKe TepMHHoJlomje (M~a ce H TY KaTK~jaBJhajy aJI TepHaQHje Kao CWPYKWYPHUlcwpYICWYPMaH) CJlO)KeHH Cy41HKCH THna -M(a)H, -ap(a)H, -U'l(a)H H ,l:(p. HMajy BeOMa lIIHpOKY ynoIpe6y, YCJlM 'Iera y ropfboj nOJleMHQH MO)KeMO CBaKaKO ,l:(aTH 3a npaBy TIpe,l:(Hliy H Bor,l:(aHY TIonoBHliy.
3.4.9. 3a TBOp6y 0,1:( np~eBa, aKO je pe'l 0 ,l:(OMaliHM OCHOBaMa, HeMa MHOro npHMepa. MozyliaH H UeMozyliaH npH6J1H)KH0 cy je~aKo 'IeCTH KaO H. Mozyli, HeMozyli; 06ase3HO ce jaBJhajy y nopeljeu.y OBor APyror np~eBa (He MozyIiHUjU, uajHeMozyliHUjU) H y H3BoljefbY HMeHHQe MOZYizuocW. Y CJIHqHOj Hanope.znmj ynOIpe6H cy H HUUlWa6aH nope,l:( HUUlwa6 H :JICMOcWU6tlH Ilope,l:( :JICMOcWU6. 06J1HK ca Cy41HKCOM ,l:(aHac je nOTll)'Ho npeBJJ~ao y zpOQJl « zpo), UMyizaH « UM)'1i) H 3MUUlQJl (0,1:( 3MUX, Koje npeMa PMC MO)Ke 6HTH H npHJJor). HanpOTHB, npHMepH KaO,MWlOCWU6tlH, 6ajaiUaH, xyOaH, OiIOpaH, MJla'laH, y60:JICaH, YMUibawaH, Koje HaBO,I:(e Ba6HIi 1991:423 H CTeBaHOBHfl 19641:592, ,l:(aHac cy ce nOByKJlH npe,l:( 06J1HQHMa 6e3 -(a)H. l1apoBH Kao 3Il0 liyo - 3Il0liYOaH, 060KPWl - 0601CpWlOR, Koje HaBO,AH CTeBaHOBHIi, He npe,l:( CTaBJhajy H3BOljefbe H3 np~eBa, Hero cy Hje,l:(aH HAPyrH 06J1HK CJlO)KeHO-CY 4lHKCaJIHH, CaMO je npBH C HYJlTHM a APyrH ca Cy41HKCOM -(a)".. 138 OsaKO cy Hase~eHH KO~ KOCTHIia, O'fHrlle,n:HO Gel Hl(aKSOr KPHTepHjYMB 3a OApe ~eHH HBcnpBM HeOApe~eHor BHJ1a.
139 "nOClIe~IbH" OBAe O'fHrne,lUlO 3Ha'll! '3BSpWHH'.
264
TBop6a pe'iJ! y C3BpeMeHOM CpncI
CyljlllKcaUHja
CaCBI1M ,np)'Kql1je CTOjl1 CTBap ca npH,neBCKHM OCHOBaMa CTPaHOr no peKlIa. Ty -(a}HI-Hii He caMO mTO je yo611qajeHo Hero je 11 Heonxo,nHO ,na 6H ce CTPaHI1 npH,neB Morao ynoTpe611TH y HaweM je311KY. Ty ql1l-heHl1l..\y, Koja Ha HajjacHl1jl1 Ha'll1H nOTBpljyje YHI1Bep3aJlHOCT 11 qHCTO Mop!j>01l0mKY $YHKl..\l1jy OBor cy$HKca, ,noca,n je 3ana3110 CaMO CKOK, y party CKOK 1951 :20 11 y pe'lHHKy noon -(a) III , HaBo,nerlH Kao maBHe npHMepe e¢UKacaH o,n !j>p. efficace H ¢a./IUtuaH o,n HeM. falsch. l(eCeTl1He ,npyrHX npl1,neBa MO ry ce Hanl1 Meljy npl1,neBI1Ma rpqKOr nopeKlla (aIlMOZaH, XOMOllozall, allo
MaH-", -a, -0), Kao y Ma KOM .npyroM npu,neBy. IIpH,neBH Cjow je,nHHM cy maCHHKOM I1cnpe,n H, Kao UHi1.i.ePHu, MooepaH, 6eHUZall, MMuzaH, 3aBpwa Bajy ce nomYHo HCTO Kao 11 OHH Ha Cy$I1KC -(a}HlHii. To je I1naK caMO IIpH
HUMaH, aHOMMaH, 0pwoooKcall, GMOp¢aH, KpUWU'laH, KAaCU'laH, e/laCWU 'laH, iiIlaCWU'IaH, UaHU'IaH, wpaZU'lall, KOMU'Ia1I, eWU'laH, MUCWU'lall I1T,n.) a Ha CTOTHHe Meljy npH,neBI1Ma H3 llaTHHCKor: cOlluoall, cOlluoapaH, UHWU MaH, lleZUWUMaH, aKywaH, aiicollyiilaH, unepwaH, KOHlIusaH, iipe-qusa1t, KOH¢Y3a1t, MUHopaH, MusepaH, KOMiiIleKCa1t, K01teeKCall, KOHKaeau, KOMiiIle waH, ceuapawaH, OellUKaWaH, aoeKeawaH, K01tWpaOUKwopaH, aUciilpaK waH, KOMuaKiilaH, eZ3aKwaH, OupeKt7laH, KopeKt7laH, iiep¢eKwaH, cemlllaH, oe6U1laH, cwepUllaH, ciila6U1laH, lla6U1lalt, ¢lleKcu6U1laH, KOMuawu6U1laH, aKwYellaH, eusYellaH HT,n., y3 MHOlliTBO OHHX Ha -iie(a)H, Ha -03(a)ll, Ha -aHfU(aH, -eHw(a)n, -aa(a)H H ,npyrHX Koje Ha6pajaMo y nOrnaBJLY 0 cTPa
HHM cy$HKcl1Ma (4.1 H ,narr,e).
3.4.10. IIlTaBHwe, je,nHHH cTPaHI1 npl1,neBI1 KOjH He 3axTeBajy ,no,na TaK cy!j>HKca -(a}HI-Hii jecy OHH 'Il1ja ce OCHOBa 3aBpmaBa Ha H, Kao X)lMaH, CUOHwaH, MOMellwa1l 140 , cyeepeH, XO.MozeH, xewepozeH, aywozell, MOIlO WOH, aywoxfUoH, ¢panKO¢OHI41, 6UKap60H142, UMyll, OiiOPWYIlI1T,n. To no
Ka3yje ,na je !j>I1HaJlHO H cXBaneHo Kao MOp$OHOll0WKO 06elleJKje npH,neBa, IIITO je 11 Pa3YMJLHBO aKO ce Y3Me y 063Hp KOllHKI1 ce 6poj npH,neBa TaKO 3a BpIllaBa: OHH Ha -(a)n, OHI1 Ha Cll0)J(eHe cy!j>HKce Kao -oe(a)HI-ee(a)ll, -U'l(a}1l I1T,n., Ha nocTojaHo -aH (y npH,neBI1Ma 11 napnll..\l1nHMa), Ha -ell (I1CTO), Ha npHcBojHO -UH, Y3 nOHeKe npOCTe npH,neBe Kao WTO cy UYH, cwpaH, lIPH, 3e1leH 11 TaKO ,narr,e. IIpH,neBH CTpaHor nopeKlIa H3je,nHaql1llH cy ce ca OBHM nOClle,nH:.HMa, InTO 3Haql1 ,na y H:.HMa He MO)J(e 611TI1 peqH 0 HYllTOM Cy$I1KCY: nocTojl1 CaMO HyllTH Hac TaB a K 3a MyWKH po,n (xy 140 0,[1. naT. momentaneus, Ha HCTH Ha'lIiH I
BI1,n, jep y H:.HMa
H
265
npHna,na OCH~BH a He Cy$I1KCy.
3.4.11. 11 o,n rnarOllCKHX OCHOBa rpa,n11 ce MHoro npH,neBa Ha -(a}HlHii. Y,nOCartaWH:.oj llHTepaTYpl1, H~aJlOCT, OHH cy caCBHM IIOBPWHO npl1KaJaHH. 0 H:.HXOBOM 6pojy HeMaMO Tatmy npe,nCTaBY, nOWTO je TeWKO - qaK H y3 nOMon 06paTHor peqHHKa - H3,nBOjHTH HX H3 orpOMHe Mace pe qH C HCTHM 3aBpWeTKOM. MHorn npH,neBI1 MOrnl1 6H ce C no.ZJje,nHaKHM onpaB,naH:.eM H3BO,nHTH 6H110 H3 HMeHHue HllH H3 rllarolla, Hnp. xe.tball, 601lall, pooaH, CIloxaH, YMopaH, oOMopaH, up(uj)eKopall, paoHu, YIla3I1U, yeoollu, OOKa3HU, zoeopHu, iip(uj)e803Hu, Ha8MHU, YKpaCIlU, YUUC1tU HT,n.
HecYMI:bHBO H3 rllarOlla cy XUwaH, xypaH, wpaja1t, 6yjaH, yzooall, UOHusaH, UOKOpa1t, 3aeucaH, upU6Ila'laH, uozpewall, upecyoaH, HaClleoaH (-ClbeoaH), OOIlU'laH, pa30paH, uooyoapaH, KO'lOUepaH, 3aepWHU, upooy XHU, ca6upHu, UPUCIlYWHU, ee3UeHU HT,n. Ty 3ana)J(aMO H H3BeCTaH 6poj rpaMaTHqKHX TepMHHa Kao IllTO cy WpUHll, UOKa3HU, iipuC80jHU, yiiUWHU, UCKlbY'lHU, OOUYCHU H Cll. TOMe BepOBaTHO MO)J(eMO ,no,naTH H npHMepe Kao oozoeopaH, uoiipaeHU, up(uj)ecwyiiHu, K)'ii061tU, r,ne 1I0cToje HMeHHue o,n HCTe OCHOBe (oozoeop HT,n.), aJlH npH,neB no CMHCllY He o,nrOBapa H:.HMa He ro rnarolly. IIoHeKH cy carpaljeHH o,n uell0r HH$HHHTHBa, Kao upujawau, YMjefUaH (xpBaTCKa peq, aJlH je 6ene)J(H CTeBaHoBHb 1964 1:591), 8(j)ep08a waH, wexaWHU (no CKOKY, s. V. -wezHYWU, o,n marona wexawu y 3Ha'le H:.y 'o6paljHBaTH 3eMJLY'), usY3ewaH, iipeoY3ewaH, uooY3ewaH, iio'leiilHu, oooafUHU (nocne,nH:.HX neT MornH 6H 6HTH H o,n DpH,neBa TPIIHor).
Kao WTO ce BH,nH H3 HaBe,neHHX npHMepa, Cy$HKC y OBHM npH,neBHMa HMa areHTHBHO 3HaqeH:.e (6yjaH KOjH 6yja H ClI.), nOHeKa,n H lIaCHBHO (Ha CIleoaHiHaCibeoaH = KOjH ce Hacneljyje, eepoeawall = KOMe ce Bepyje). IIo lla3enH o,n OBor ,npyror, noje,nHHH npH,neBH cy ce cneUl1jaJlH30BaJlH Y 3Ha qelbY MorynHoCTH (HHaqe THnH'IHOM 3a Cy$HKC -u81-/pue), Hnp. oociilu xaH (= KOjH ce MO)J(e ,nOCTHnH), oocwyiiaH, upe2/leOaH, iipUM(j)ewall, 'ly jaH, euoaH (Ka.n 3HaqH 'BH,n.J'hHB'). upoeuoaH, up03upaH, iiIl08aH HT,n. Jow qewne je TaKBO 3Haqel:be y HerHpaHHM npe!j rel="nofollow">HKCaJ1HQ-cy!j>I1KCaJ1HHM IIpHJJ;e BHMa THna ueoolloxaH, Koje HaBo,nHMO noon 3.4.15.
3.4.12. O,n npHllora cy IIpH,neBH HaupeoaH, Ha3aOaH, Y32peoaH, }'3a.ny oaH, cyeuwaH, MO)J(,na usHeHaoaH (aKo HHje o,n marolla), CiiOlbHU, OKOIlHU, cUHoliHU, BepoBanlO H ,npyru. O,n npHJ10ra Ha -utfe O,nHOCHO -Mulle HaCTaJIH cy npH,neBI1 HexoWU'laH, HaU3M(j)eHU'laH, M(j)ecWUMU'lGlI, O(j)eIlUMU'laH, XOWUMU'lall, lleWUMU'laH.
266
TBop6a pe'!H y CaapeMeliOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
3.4.13. On npe.llJIOra cy iipOWUBan,
CyljlHKcauHja
3.4.16. -.4.8(a)H, HaCTaJIO cnajaH>eM ,ttBa npH,tteBCKa CY
uocpeiJall (06a MOry 6HTH H O,tt
rJlarOJla), HacupCIhIHU, HacyilpoiiiaH (no PMC Hacyupoiiije npHJlOr KOjH MO :lICe HMaTH H npe,ttJloIIIKY
3.4.14. H Y rpageH>Y CJlO:llCeHo-cY
3.4.15. Y npecpHKCaJIHO-CY
lloce6Ho cy nnO,llHe TBOpeHHQe Cnpe
ce He MO:llCe 3a60paBHTH' HT,tt. CnO)l(eHH CycpHKCH:
267
3.4.17. -08(a)H liMa aJIOMOP
1'1
Pa3rpaHH'IelLe o,ttpeljeHor H Heo,ttpegeHor BM,ttaje KaO H)'BeK npo6ne Manf'lHO. PMC, peQMMo, ,ttaje neT 3HaLJ:elLa 3a K1bUXeBaH, a O,tt H>HX 3HaLJ:e H>e no,tt 1 ('KOjH ce O,ttHOCH Ha .K.tLH)I(eBHoCT') H OHO no,tt 3 ('KOjH ce O,ttHOCH Ha KH>H:lICeBHHKe' HJlH 'l\OjH ce 6aBH KILH)I(eBHoUIny') HMajy 03HaKY "caMO o,ttp.... ){yxo6aH je ,ttaTO y TOM 06J1HKY (Ma,tta je y 3arpa,ttH HaBe,tteH H o,ttpe geHH BH,tt) O'lHrne,ttHO 360r peTKor 3Ha'leH>a no,tt 3, 'n060)l(aH'. Pa3J103H 3a cnajalLe ,ttBa CycpMKCa, -o6/-e6 H -(a)H, y KOHrnyrnHaT HH cy YBeK jacHH. BeliH ,tteo MornBHHX HMeHHua HMa MHO)I(HHY Ha -06U, UlTO je CBaKaKO HMano yrnQaja, aJIH Hcrn CY
M 3HaLJ:eH>a 'HenOTnyH, He,ttOBpmeH, nOlIOBH'laH' H 'KOjH je nona je,ttHO a 143 MlI,!{a ra PMC He 6ene)J(H, 'laC06HU ce jaB.n.a y reorp*KOM H3pa3Y 'laC06Ha 30Ha (= time zone,jUseau horaire). 3a CnOll(eHHu.e Ha -'laC06HU BWlH H!IlI(e, 3.4.17.2.
268
TBop6a PC'!H Y C3BpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy
nona .lI;pyro, MernaH'), Y3 .lI;aHac peTKe Kao XPaM06HU (y PMC C npHMepHMa "xpaMoBHa 3rpa.D;a" H "XpaMOBHa HKoHa"), iJapo6alf (tternpH 3Ha'l:elba y PMC, O.ll; KOjHX .lI;Ba caMO y O.ll;pel)eHoM BH.D;y), 6U1l06alf (no PMC CHHOHHM 3a 6U1len, 6U1l06Uill O.ll;HOCHO 6U1lUlICKU) HT.lI;.
3.4.23••Ym(a)H KaTKa.D; H3a3HBajoTOBaH.e, Kao y cuJiywalf (PO), iJe 6e.rbYUlalf (C KpaTKHM y npeMa PMC), MatbyUlal/ (c je.ll;HHM ll,HTaTOM y PMC), .lI;aHaC npeTBOpeHO Y MajYUlall; 6e3 CYMlbe no.ll; YTHll,ajeM .lI;e4jer ro BOPa, Kao y HapO.ll;CKHM 06nHll,HMa Majel{a:K, MaellflK H cn. KpaJiyUlal/ (no pe.ll; KpaillYUlalf: 06a HMajy no je.ll;aH ll,HTaT y PMC) H illalbYUlaH (nope.ll; 06H"IHHjer illaHywaH, PO) 6Hhe.ll;a cy O.ll; KOMnapaTHBa. O.ll; OCTaJIHX npH.lI;e Ba y06H"IajeHo je CaMO MeK)'Ulalf (y PMC no.ll; 1 Kao ,,.lI;eM. H XHn. O.ll; MeK",
3.4.17.1. O.ll; rnaronCKe OCHOBe cy iJpeM06aU, 6Yfl06alf (no cMHcny He O.ll;rOBapa HMeHHll,H 6Ylla), Y'le6alf, CPOPMaJIHO H UJl.W61lU H pYUle6au, Ma.ll;a ce no MOTHBall,HjH Be3yjy 3a HMeHHll,e UM06UIla O.ll;HOCHO pYUle6Ulfa. ppy xe6alf 6H Morno 6HTH O.ll; Opyxuillu ce HJlH O.ll; opyz. 06Pa3061fU H KYU06 IfU He cna.D;ajy OBaMO, jep cy O.ll; marona Ha -o6aillu ca CYCPHKCOM -(a)lfl-Ilu. 3.4.17.2. OBaj CYCPHKC ce jaBJLa H y HeKonHKO CnO)KeHHll,a, ca HMeHH 1l,0M 'lac O.ll;HOCHO 6(uj)eK Y .lI;pyroM .lI;eny: 6UUle'laC061IU, uO/lY'laC06IfU, jeo IfO'IaCOeIfU, iJeO'laC06HU HT.lI;.; cpeolbo6(j)eKo6uu, lfo6oe(j)eKo61111, 6U Ule6(j)eKoeflu, iieill(o)6(j)eKo6Hu HT.lI;. 3.4.18. -OBeTaH je CYCPHKC HejacHor nopeKJIa. Ca 3Ha'l:elbeM noja'l:aa,a janJLa ce y ucil106eiUalf (HjeKaBcKH KaTKa.D; H -6jeillalf) H Y 6ozo6eillaH (Kao .lI;O.ll;aTaK y3 l1eo!l1uo, 'IUilla6 HJIH c6aKU), MO)K,ll;a H Y pe'l:HMa opazo6efilafl H l1u2:lloeeillalf, Koje 6ene)KH CaMO CKOK (no.ll; iJpQZ O.ll;HOCHO no.ll; IIU2:Ilii). PMC HMa H oyzoeeillall Kao nojaqalbe Y3 Oyz. BepOBaTHO He cna.D;a OBaMO pa3Z06e illaH (-6ujeillalf), Y KOMe je CTpYKTypa nomYHO HenpOBH.lI;Ha. 3.4.19. -A3(a)H .lI;Ona3H Ha maronCKe OCHOBe, Y zoja3alf, y 6oja3alf (.lI;aHaC 3aCTapeITO Kao npH,r(eB, aJIH OqYBaHo Y CnO)KeHHll,H 6ozo6oja3Q1i), a y3 H3BeCHO CeMaHTH'IKO nOMepalbe y fby6a3alf (c KpaTKHM a) H y upuja3aH. 3.4.20. -lII(a)H, ca 3Ha'ielbeM pa.ll;lbe Kao THnH'l:He oc06HHe, HMaMO Y U3iJaUlal/, Y HCT03Ha'iHOM uoiJaUlaH, y lfecillaUlall 144 , UMaUlaH 'HMyhaH' (y PMC H3 BYKoBor Pje'lHHKa, 6e3 ll,HTaTa), illpajaUlal/, iJypaUlall, paOuUlaH, YM(j)eUlalf, a ca OKplbeHOM OCHOBOM Y jeUlaH II U3(j)eUlaH. IiI3Y3eTHO, O.ll; HMeHH"IKe OCHOBe je epeMeUlalf. He cna.ll;ajy no.ll; oBaj CYCPHKC aycilloUlaH (O.ll; iiycilloUl HITH O.ll; iiycilloUlUiUu),ycu(j)eUlalf (o.ll;ycu[j]ex) HHTH 3acTape no uocii(j)eUlalf (,xHTaH, )KypaH' HnH 'nOBOJLaH, HaKnOTheH'), O.ll; iioculj)eUluillu.
3.4.21. -Am(a)H (-iim(a]H) je .lI;eMHHYTHBHH CyqJHKC, aHaJIOraH cy CPHKCY -ax(a)1f (B. HH)Ke). JaBJLa ce caMO Y HeKonHKO npH,r(eBa: C/la6aUlalf (je.ll;HHH 06ITHK KojH je H .lI;aHaC y06H"IajeH), MMaUlalf, illalfaUlalf, uYlfaUlall. 3a H3Be.ll;eHHll,e O.ll; rnaronCKHX OCHona BH.lI;H -Ul(a)lf. 3.4.22. -Hm(a)H HMaMO caMO y paouUlalf H y tjJMuUlall (= cpaJIH"IaH). 3a -uUl(a)1f Kao 3aMeHH"IKH CyqJHKC BH.lI;H 5.1. 144 no CBOj npH1lHl\H OA He cl1Io(jo)l1Iu. CKOK Aaje HeKe Bpno HejacHe eTHMOnorHje, H3Bop,eIiH oBaj npHP.eB H3 HMeHHue cl1Ioc (B. Ty O,Ape,AHHUY) HnH H3 HenOTBpijeHe HMeHHue "'HCcI1Iotuo (nOA -zuo).
269
no.ll; 2 ca 'l:emDHM 3Ha'ielbeM 'cna6a'l:aK, HeoTnopaH' HnH 'pa3Ma)KeH'). Ha na3HMO Kao .lI;eMHHyrHBe-xHnoKopHcTHKe jom H MWbYUlalf (O.ll;MUO), C/la6y Ulalf (= cITa6amaH), iJpazywalf, MpUlaeywall (ca 03HaKOM 'H006.' y PMC) H .lI;pyro. BH.lI;H H Xne6ell, 1998:329.
3.4.24. -Ax(a)H je .lI;eMHHYTHBHH CYCPHKC, y npH.ll;eBHMa O.ll; KOjHX je .lI;aHac y06H"IajeHo caMO xU6axalf, .lI;OK cY OCTaJIH 3acrapenH: MMaxalf, uy lfaxaH, opazaxaH, c pe.ll;YKoBaHoM OCHOBOM /lazaxalf, illalfaxalf, O.ll; KOMna paTHBHe OCHOBe M/laljaxalf, 6/1eljaxal/ (6fbe-) HT.lI;. no CKOKY, O.ll; OBor cy cpHKca, HCna.D;albeM x, HaCTaJIH cy MHorH .lI;aHamlbH npH.ll;eBH Ha nocTojaHo -alf, Kao /lazal/, MeKalf, illallalf H .lI;pyrH. 3.4.25. -A'I(a)H (-a'l[a)H) .lI;Ona3H Ha npH.ll;eBcKY OCHOBY, Kao .lI;eMHHy THBHH CYCPHKC Y iiYlfailall nyHa'laK), Ha maroncKY Y upuciiiyila'laH, Ha ll,eo HHCPHHHTHB y y6uillailaH. IiI iJU6Iba'laH 6H ce Morno cMarparn H3Be.ll;eHHll,OM O.ll; iJu6atb, aKO ra He H3BO.ll;HMO O.ll; HMeHHll,e iJu6Iba'l HJ1H O.ll; iJU6/bClK (aJIH O.ll; OBe nOCne.ll;lbe npH.ll;eB je iJu6Iba'lKU). 3a cpiJa'lalf MOTHBa~Hja je HeH3BeCHa, 360r BeJIHKHX CPOHeTCKHX H CeMaHTH'lKHX npOMeHa, aJIH 6Y.ll;yDH .lI;a cp'lau HecYMlbHBO HMa CYCPHKC -aH, OB.lI;e 6HCMO MomH H3.nBOjHTH oeHoBY cpo (Kao Y cpiJuiliu ce, cpiJuill, Cpoo6ofba) H CYCPHKC -a'l(a)If.l 45 He cna.D;ajy OBa MO npH.lI;eBH Kao upo6uiUa'laH, iUpeHyillailall, (uo)jeiJuna'laH, xetlyiJailall H cn., y KojHMa je OCHOBa HMeHHll,a Ha -(a)K O.ll;HOCHO Ha -(a)lI. lIlTo ce rnlie My3H"IKHX repMHHa jeoHociii.aea'laH, 06ocilla6a'laH, illpocilla6a'lalf HT.lI;. (0 KOMn03HI.{HjH Cje.ll;HHM, .lI;Ba, rpH CTaBa), OHH cy HaCTaJIH y xpBaTCKoM (r.ll;e ce Ka)Ke cilla6a1<), aJIH cy nPHXBaneHH Y cpncKoM, O"lHrne.ll;HO 360r HeMO ryDHOCTH .lI;a ce jeiJHociIla6aH ynorpe6H Y OBOM CMHCny. 3.4.26. -H'I(a)H1 (-U'I(a)Hl je CTpaHor nopeKJIa, B. 4.7) HMaMO y Cillpa6U'laH, y illMU'IaH (O.ll; TYPll,H3Ma illMujaIHnH illMUX 'cpeha'), O.ll; 3a MeHH"IKe OCHOBe Y Ce6U'laH, O.ll; maronCKe y tjJMUilalf (OBO nocne.ll;lbeje no CKOKY O.ll; HTaJI. falso HJIH HeM. falsch, aJIH HeMa cyMlbe .lI;a ce .lI;auac Morn BHme rnaronoM tjJanuiliu). He cna.D;ajy OBaMO lfaU3M(j)eHU'laH, UOUMeHU 'IaH, KOjH cy O.ll; npHJIora HaU3M(j)eHUJfe, uOUMeHuJfe. O.ll; naprnll,Hna 36aH 145 no CKOKY, H CPOO'lOH H CP'IOH HacTaJJH C'j op, Hete OCHOBe, CbpObll-.
270
271
TBop6a PC'III Y caapeMeHoM CpncKoMjc3HKY
Cy$HKCBI(Hja
(He o.!{ 36aHUlla: B. CKOKa no.n3eaiUu) H3Be.neHO je 3eaHu~aH, Ma.na My je MOTHBaIJ.Hja npHJlH'IHO JIa6aBa. •
paBHO, MHorn cy 00 pe'lHMa caMor aYTopa "BeoMa PeTKH" H ,,.nOHMajy ce He06H'IHO" (eaneallUOHU, aupoupujal1UOHU, eKClfuUlallUOHU Hen.). O.n lbHX ce 105 jaBJl>ajy H y 06JIHKY Ha -UjCKU Ge.nHHOM KOjH ce y xpBaTcKoM npH 3Haje 3a cTaH.nap.nHH), .nOK cy OCTaJIH caMO Ha -UOHU. 06JIHUH Ha je.naH H .npyrH CYQ>HKC yrnaBHOM cy HCT03Ha'lHH, aJIHje lliHoKa nOHer.ne YTBp.nHo H ceMaHTH'IKe pa3JIHKe, Kao y aKlluoHU (Hnp. aK/.luouu pUJl.M) HacnpaM aKlfuj CKU (CaMO o.n aKlIuja y Q>HHaHcHjcKoM 3Ha'IeH>Y), HJIHpeOaKlfuoHu (o.npe oaKlfuja y CMHCny 'pe.nHrOBaH>e', Hnp. peoaKlIuoHu oo60p) HacnpaM peoaK lIUjCKU (o.n peoaKlIuja 'ype.!{HHllITBO', HOp. peoaKlfujcKU cacUlaHaK) 147.
3.4.27. -OHU 6H ce Morno npe.nCTaBHTH H y 06JIHKY -UOHU, KaKO ra npe.nCTaBJbajy Ea6Hn 1991:403 H lliHnKa 2003. CMaTpaMo HnaK .naje 6dll>e npBo U He npHnHCHBaTH CYQ>HKCY, 6y.nynH .na OH .nOJIa3H yseK Ha OCHOBe HMeHHua CTpaHor nopeKJIa ca 3aBpllIeTKOM Ha -uja (KOMe npeTXo.nH lI, C HJIH 3). Ea6Hll TO -uja 0.n6auyje, aJIH TaKBa aHaJIH3a He '1UHH HaM ce npH po.nHa, YTOJIUKO npe liTO ce, KaKO caM Ea6Hll HanOMHlbe, "ynoTpe6a KOJIe 6a H3Meljy lbera H cYQ>HKca -cKii" (apiUUlo/llallUOHU apUlu/o/llallujcKu H CJI.) - a -CKU ce Mopa .no.naTH Ha ueJIY OCHOBY UMeHHue. CYQ>HKC je CHryp HO HaCTao no yrne.ny Ha pycKe npn.neBe THna n03UI1U01IHOZU, r.ne nOTH'Ie U3 Q>paHuycKor unH HeMa'IKOr -ion O.nHOCHO naTHHCKor -10 -ioI118. 146 YnpKOC TOMe, CBpCTaBaMO ra Meljy .nOMane CYQ>HKce, jep ce Ocena Kao BapHjaHTa CYQ>HKca -HU, 3a palnHKy o.n CnO)KeHHX CYQ>HKca -UOHaIl(a)ll H -UOHap(a)u (Kao Y PYUK/fUOHanaH, peeOIlYllUOHapaH), y KojHMa je npHCYCTBO CTpaHor Q>opMaHTa O'IHrJIe.nHO. TIpn.neBH Ha -OHU, Ma.na Y HOBHje BpeMe yrpO)KeHH (npeTe)KHO oo.n xpBaTCKHM YTHuajeM) OHUMa Ha -ujcKU, YllIJIH cy Y MHore YCTa:n.eHe CHH TarMe. CTeBaHoBHll 1964 1:591 HaBO.!{H npuMepe UeH3UOHU POHO, ouepallu OHa Calla, opzaHU3alluOHU ceKpeUlap, OU03UlIUOHU UOCllaHUK, peoaKlIUOllU oo60p (.naHac H peOaK/fujcKU) H .npyro. TOMe MO)KeMO .no.naTH KOHlIeHUlpa IIUOHU 1l0Z0P, OeMapKalluoHY IlUHUjy, KacalluoHU cyo, auetlalluoHU cyo, Kea IlUPUKallUOHU ucuuUl, KIlacupuKallUOHU uciluUl, OUCKpellU011O upaeo, UlpaHcpopMalluOHY zPaMaUlU/o/ H TaKO .na:n.e. ,l(pyrH 'IeCTH npH.neBH, He3a BHCHO o.n Tora Kojy HMeHHUY MOry MO.nHQ>uKOBaTU,jecy HaeuzalluoHU, zpa 6UUlaIlUOHU, opujeHUlalluoHU, il03UlIuOHU, aryMYllalluOHU, eeHUlUllalluOllU, uHry6alluoHU, poUlalluOHU, OryilallUOHU, UHPOpMalluonu, KoanulIuoHu, UH eecUlulluoHU, UHPllallUOHU (oope.n UHPllallujCKU H ulIpllaUlopaH), KOUpO0YK/fUOHU (H -lIujCKU), MuzpalluOHU, MaHupecUlalluonu, KOMYHuKallUOHU U UletleKOMYHuKallUOHU (o6a H Ha -lIUjCKU), iUpallCpY3uOHU, ep03uoHU, UHea 3UOHU, a6pQ3UOHU, aOXe3UOHU (BepOBaTHO C .nPYK'lHjUM 3Ha'lel:beM Hero a6pQ3UeaH O.nHOCHO aOXe3UeaH), eMUCUOHU, UlpaHCMucuoHU, aHeKcuoHu, OUCryCUOHU HT.n.
3.4.27.1. Ha OCHOBY OPCJ, aJIH U H3 .npyrnx H3Bopa, lliHnKa 2003 je ycneo .na nonHllIe 'IaK 295 npn.neBa Ha -UOHU. Y TaKO BenHKOM cnHcKY, Ha 146 illHnKa TaKO~e palMBTpa MoryliHOCT .lla cy HaCTaJlH O.ll CYpaHor (npe CBera He Ma'iKor) 06JlHKa Ha ·ion y3 .llO.llaTaK cy$HKca 'HU, Hnp. Emission> eMUCUOH + -HU> eMUCUo HU. TaKaB Ha'lHH nOCTaHKa HHje MHOro BepOBaTaH, anH je HecYMlbHB 6ap y je.D:HOM CJIyqajy, KOMUCUOHU (Kao y KOMUCUOHa upooaja H CJl.), npeMa KOMUCUOH < HCM. Kommission, 3a Pal lIHKY O}J. KQMUCUjCKU, npeMa KQMucuja.
3.4.27.2. Je.nHo .npYK'IHje -OHU, C KpaTKHM 0, HMaMO Y .nBa-TpH pelja opn.neBa o.n rnaroJICKHX OCHOBa: KO'lUOUU (y pe'IHHKY CAHY: Haj'lellIne y cnojy K. ypeljaju), KaouoHu CKoju ce O.nHOCH Ha KaljeH>e', y PMC OpeHeTO H3 TIpaB. 1960), OucaoHu (y PMC C npHMepHMa O. OUl60P, O. oOYWKe: 06HQHHje je oucajHu). He cna.najy OBaMO H3Be.neHHue Kao yzaoHu, paOHU, ~eollu (= '1eJIHH), jep je y a.HMa OCHOBa Ha -11 a CYQ>HKC -HU. 3.5. 11 3a CYQ>HKC -au (c nOCTojaHHM a) pa3JIHKOBaH>e o.npeljeHor o.n Heo.npeljeHor BH.na caCBHM je peJIaTHBHO. PMC .naje Ha -aH o.npe.nHHue 3a rpa.nHBHe npn.neBe TUna '10XaH H 3a HeKOJIHKO H>HX Cnoce6HHM 3Ha'lea.HMa Kao 3ee30aH, canan, Ha -aHU 3a o.nHOCHe opH.neBe TUna 6poj~aHu; 3ace6He • o.npe.nHHue cy .naTe 3a cp~all " O.!{Ba)KaH HacnpaM cp~aHU t KOJH ce O.nHOCH Ha cpue', Kao H 3a CYH'IaH 'nyu cyHua, o6acjaH CYHueM' HacnpaM CYHttaHU 'KOjH ce O.nHOCH Ha CYHue'. Ee3 I<pajH>era -ii, MeljymM, .naTH cy H HeKH o.n HOCHH npn.neBH Kao 6a.tb'laH, 3yU'Iall, H06'1all, lla1l~aH, CTHM liTO noene.!{H>a .nBa HMajy HanOMeuy ,,06H'IHO o.np.". MHorn npn.neBH, y3 TO, HMajy no BU llIe 3HaQea.a, HJIH HM je 3Ha'lea.e Her.ne H3Meljy rpa.nnBHor H O.nHOCHor, Kao y zpoxljaHu, YlbaHU, uupUH~aHu, W/bYH~aHU, llaHttaHU H CJI. TIO.nCeTHMO ce .na je -aH, -aHa II 3aBpllIeTaK lpnHHX npn.neBa, aJIH ce lbHMa OB.ne He 6aBHMO, 6y.nynu .na cna.najy y npoMeHy rnarona a He Y TBOp 6y pe'IH.
3.5.1. I1cnpe.n OBor CYQ>HKca no npaBHlIy ce naJIaTaJIII3yje K, Kao y 6pojttallu, ilyw~aHu, uyUttaHU, aJIH ocrnje Y lIUHKa1I (06H'IHHje Hero lIUH ~aH) H ~uuKaH; yn. H MeKaH. JOllI 'IellIha je naJIaTaJIH3a~Hja lI, Kao y ;)!CU ~aH, cYHttaH, cp~all, Hoe~aHU, llaH~aHU H CJI.; H3Y3eUH cy lIulIaH H tjJUIll{aH (r.ne cy OCHOBe cTpaHor nopeKJIa). IIpoMeHe cyrnaCHH'IKHX rpyna HMaMO y KOcUl > KowUiaH (pelje KOW~all: o.n KocKa?), eocaK> eowUlaH, u(uj)ecaK > 147 aU6WlU3UI1UOHU je AaHaC yrnaBHoM YCTynHJlo MeCTa 06JlHKY I1U6UIIU3Ul1ujcKU, c THM mro CC oBaj APyrH '1emlie ynOTpCon.asa y CMHCJlY 'l(HBHJlH30BaH, KYJITYPaH' Hero Kao O.D:HOCHH npH}J.eB npeMa I1U6WlU3Ul1uju.
273
Tsop6a pe'HI Y CaBpCMeHOM cpncRoMje311KY
CyqlHKCaIUtja
u(j)eW'laH, iUpCKa
> iUpW'laH, M03aK > MoxoaTIll. JOTOBal-Le ce jaBJba ca MO y acpeKTHBHHM npH.D;eBI1Ma THna MIlaljall, 3AaliaH, 0 KojHMa B. HH:>Ke.
3.5.4. C rJlarOJICj
3.5.2. H3Be.D;eHHI.{e O.D; HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe HajBenHM .D;eJlOM cy rpa.v;HBHH npM,[(eBH: 6p0H3aH (ca ceKYM,[(apHl1M 3Ha'iel-LeM 'KOjl1 je 60je 6poH3e'), iUy
3.5.5. O.D; CJlO:>KeHo-cycpHKCaJlHJoIX TBOpeHHu.a HaWJlH CMO Me IjY3e(j)e30aHU, y3 HaytIHe TepMHHe jeoHojaj'taH'U, (= je.D;HojajHH: 0 6J1H3aH u.HMa), ee.rzuKoMoxoaHu H MMoMoxoaHu. '
272
'laH, qUHKaH, ilAexaH, XU'laH, WiUocjJaH, ilAuwaH, 'lOXaH ('lojaH), quqaH, jy iUaH (nope.D;jyiUeH), KOHOillball, iUpW'laTl, KOH'lall, 'lUUKaH, PUIlIfaH, oaW'lall, KowiUaH, iilj)eW'laH, 3eM.1baH (PMC HaBO.D;H H TJlH .D;pyra 3Haqel-La, Kao y,,3e MJbaHH pa.v;OBH", ,,3eMJbaHO JlHI.{e" H CJI.), eowiUan, AojaH H TaKO .D;aJbe.
HajqewnH O.D;HOCHH npH.D;eBH jecy HOe'laUU, 6poj'laHU (O.D; 6pojKa, MH no CMHCJlY H npeMa 6poj), ilYW'lallu, AaH'laHU (no PMC 'KOjli ce O.D;HOCH Ha JIaHD;e, KOjH y CBOM CKJIony liMa JlaHlle', Kao y A. MOciU, 3aTHM 'KOjli je y BH.D;y JlaHI.{a, y HH3y', Kao II. upOU3eoolba, CJlHqHO H 'KOjH ce pa3BHja y He npeKH.D;HOM HH3Y', Kao y II. peaKquja), xe.rzy'taHU (nope.D; xe.rzyoa'lllu),MO xoaHU, HeU'laHU, ilyil'laHU, CP'laHU (nope.D; OCHOBHor, PMC .D;aje jow .D;Ba .D;aHac Hey06H'IajeHa 3Haqe.e.a, a no.D; O.D;pe.D;HHu.OM Cp'laH 3Haqel-La 'O.D;Ba :>KaH, jYHaqaH, xpa6ap' H 'BaJbaH, .D;06ap no cpu.y'), xue'tanu (y PMC He .D;OCTaje .D;pyro 3Haqelbe, C HeO.D;peljeHHM BH.D;OM, aJiH ra .D;aje Ea6HIi 1991:428: "XUe'laH 'npeocjeTJbHB Ha :>KHBllIiMa, HepB03aH', XUe'laH 'to ejeK"), cYH'laHU (B. rope 3.5), 3e(j)e30allU (PMC .D;aje O.D;pe.D;HHu.y 3ee30aH, .D;ecpHHlicaHY 'Ha KOMe ce jacHo BM,[(e 3Be3.D;e, nya 3Be3.D;a', Kao y 3. lIe60, 3. Holi, H 'CJlHqaH 3Be3.D;aMa, 3Be3.D;aCT' Cje.D;HHM U.HTaTOM 1i31iOnHna; 3a 3Ha qel-Le 'KOjH ce O.D;HOCH Ha 3Be3.D;e' .D;O.D;aTa je y 3arpa.v;H HanOMeHa "O.D;p."). O.n Mal-Le pawHpeHlix H3pa3a nOMeHHMO 'laM'laHU ('KOjH ce O.nHOCH Ha qaMaI.{; qaMqaHO CH.D;PO'), ilpaM'laHU, eWb'laHU (y PMC eWb'laH, 'KOjH ce O.D;HOCH Ha BaJbaK, BaJbKacT'),3yi1'laHU (npe CBera y H3pa3Y 3. xe.rze3Huqa), KoillbaHU ('KOjH ce O.D;HOCH Ha KOnJbe', Cje.nHHM I.{HTaTOM y PMC), OeH'laHU ('KOjH ce O.D;HOCH Ha .D;el-LKe, KOjH je y .D;el-LKOBIiMa', 06liqHO y 1i3pa3Y oell 'laHa po6a: npaBHJlHO 61i 6e3 cyMl-Le 6HJlO Oelb'laHU). 3acTapeJlO je CallaH 'caIbHB'. Cee'laH je .D;aHac 1i3ry6HJlO MOTIiBalllijy (no MapeTliliy 1963:374 "CBeqaHH MjecTo: CBeTqaHH o.n: cBe-rau.": no Ea6liny 1986:410 6liJIO 6H O.D; ceeiUaK), na ce Ocena Kao npOCTa peq.
3.5.3. C npli.D;eBCKOM OCHOBOM cy MeKaH (HcT03Ha'lHO ca MeK; no CKOKY O.D; paHHjer MeKaxaH), Y3aH (= Y3aK), iUaHaH (c nOMepeHHM 3Haqe l-LeM y O.D;HOCY Ha iUaHaK), a Ty 6liCMO .D;O.D;MIi H cpaMHJlHjapHo lIaKaH (Be pOBaTHo O.D; .D;e'ljer H3roBopa npH.D;eBa CIlaiUKu). IIOeTCKOM pemcTpy, C .nH MlfHyrnBHHM rum xlfnOKOpIiCTH'lHKM 3Haqel-LeM, nplfna.D;ajy flyuaH, iUuxaH (H iUujaH, O.D;aKJle lfMe TujaHa), a C jOToBaHOM OCHOBOM 3l1aliaH, culiaH (yn. culiaHu CIlaeyju y 3MajeBoj neCMH "THXO, HoIiH"), CIlaljaH (O.D;aKJle HMe CllaljaHa), MIlaljaH (qeCTO ca WaJbHBHM HJlH HPOHHqHHM npH3BYKOM, y CMHCJlY 'He3peo'), XIlaljaH Ii jow nOHeKIi.
3.6. -ACT je BeOMa np0.D;YKTHBaH CycpHKC, npere:>KHo O.D; HMeHHtIKHX OCHOBa. rJlaCOBHe npoMeHe ce jaBJbajy caMO y Mau,eM 6pojy npHMepa H ca CBHM He.D;OCJle.D;HO: nMaTMH3au.Hja 3aBpwHor K y ja6y'taciU,je3u'laciU I1T.D;. (MH 6e3 npoMeHe y KJlKaciii, iUpaKaciU, eWbKaciU HT.D;.), 3aBpwHor z y 6y 6pexaciU, poxaciU HT.D;. (Mlf ilpyzaciU, u[j]ezaciU 11 CJI.), 3aBpwHor x y ea3oywaciU, iUp6ywaciU HT.n. (MH PMC 6eJle:iI
MOTHBHa HMeHHu.a MO:>Ke 3HatIHTH HeKO o6eJle:>Kje Koje ce Ha onHca HOM npe.D;MeTY nOHaBJba BHwe nyTa, Kao y iipyzaciU 'KOjH HMa npyre': TaKO 148 Y nllTlULY cy clime pa3JlIlKe, HIlp. 6pai>a6U'la6a Kopa 'Kopa Koja liMa 6p3J\aBlILle' - 6pai>aIJu'laciila ICopa 'Kopa Roja KaO.lta liMa 6p3J\aBIILle'. Y CBaKOM CJlY'lajy, Ha OSHM yno pe~elbHMa He BPe.tIH ce npeBHwe 33J\pJKaSam, jep Kao WTO HanOMHlbe H caM Ea6Hh. y DeliH HH napODa ca HCTOM OCHOBOM jeJUia DapHjama je yo6H'IajeHa (6Hl1o OHa ua -aciil HlIH olla lIa .ltpyrH CyIjlHICC) a JlPyra JlaneICO pe~a.
274
TBop6a pe'IlI
y
CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
H wiilpa
CytjlHKcal{Hja
275
HHa'le ce pe,ll;OBHO joryje y H3Be,ll;eHHUaMa, Kao oe6e1ba'la, Oe6e1bKO, oe6e IbYUlKaeiiJ HT,lI;.).
HajBenH 6poj H3Be,ll;eHHua3Ha'lH HHjaHcy 60je (B. XJIe6eu
1998:327-328). TIope,ll; ,lI;Bejy Ben 110MeHYTRX, TO cy ItpeeHKaciiJ, 3e.tleH ,
CJIH'lHOCT no H3rne.ll;y, caCTaBY, 'lBpCTHHH, TaKTHJIHOM yTHCKY H CJI. 03Ha'laBajy KaUiacUl, 'lOp6aCUl, iiuxUlujacUl, iiOJeHacUl, CMOllacUl, iiaiiep
KaeiiJ, iiIlaeKaciiJ, eueKaeUl, pYMeHKaciiJ, UlapeHKacUl, 6paOHKaeUl HJIH 6pa YHKaeiiJ, CMenKaciiJ (O,ll; CMelj), cpe6pHKaCiiJ (y PMC caMO cpe6peHKaciil), 3llaiiJKacUl: 110CJIe,ll;Iba 1pH cy CBaKaKO 06H'lHHja ca Cy
jacUl, uaY'lUHaCUl, cYHljepacUl, CeUJlaCUl, eYHacUl, 6apUlYHacUl, 6paUlHacUl, MaxoeuHacUl, cUlaKllacUl, ceoe¢acUl H CJIH'lHH npH,lI;eBH. CaMO Gojy 03Ha 'laBajy PYXU'laCUl, lby6u'laciXi, HapaH{laCUl, 3/laUlaCUl, iieUelbacUl. Yn. H UluzpaciiJ 'KOjH HMa mape Kao THrap'.
O,ll; ,lI;pyrHX I1pH,ll;eBa, y3 Ben nOMeHYTO KUCe.tlKaciiJ H Oe6e1bKaciiJ, 110 MeHHMO CIlaHKaciiJ, opeeHKaciil (= ,lI;pBeHaCT), CeUJleHKaeiiJ CBHJIaCT, CBH JIeHaCT). 3a IlYlfKacUl CKOK (s. v.IlYo) Ka:lKe,ll;a "l1pe,ll; -aciil Ca,lI;p:lKH ,lI;Ba ,lI;e MHHYTHBHa cy
lhY,ll;CKe oc06HHe 03Ha'laBajy 6yoGllaciiJ, HaMliopaCUl, e(j)eUlpoiiu paciXi, KpeiiJeHaciiJ, 6a6aciiJ, 6e6acUl, MajMYHaciXi, K01baciiJ, iiaiiJY.lbaciiJ (PO), Ijaeollaciil, epazollaciiJ (npomHpeIbe -011- no aHaJIOmjH ca ljaeollaciiJ, Kao H y epazolluja H epaZOllaH) HT,lI;.
Ilylta) H -bK.149
OGJIHKY 3pHa', 3Ha'lH 'I<:ojH je y 3pHHMa'.
3.6.2. C npH,lI;eBCKHM OCHOBaMa -aciil HMa 3Ha'leIbe ,lI;HMHHyuHje O,ll;HO CHO y6JIa:lKaBa.a.a. O,ll; npH,ll;eBa 3a 60jy 06H'lHHjH cy CaMO CMeljaciiJ H PU Ijaciil ('leMY MO:lKeMO ,lI;O,ll;aru H cpe6pHaciil), ,lI;OK ce HHa'le yno1peGJ:haBajy CJIO:lKeHH CY
je y oGJIHKy C HYJITHM Cy
3.6.5. TIpe,ll; CY
I-hY3eTHO, O,ll; HMeHH'JKe OCHOBe (o,ll;oMalieHor repMaHH3Ma) H3Be,ll;eHO je eultKacUl. HHCY yo6H'lajeHH 6ueepKaci1l, ljaBollKaeiiJ H CJIH'lHH npHMepH Koje HaBO,ll;H lia6Hn 1991 :456.
3.6.6. ,n:eMHHyTHBHH CY
3.6.8. -Ib8CT je 3a6ene:lKeHO caMO y KuiiJ1baciil H y Kpe'l1baciiJ CKOjH je Kao Kpe'l', C je,ll;HHM uHTaTOM y PMC). 3.6.9. -OJlaCT ce jaBJba CaMO y Bpazollaciil (me je O'lHrJIeAHO HaCTMO aHMornjoM npeMa ljaeollaciiJ: yo. epazoJlUja, BpazO/laH) H y MpKollaciiJ ("T. j. upIbKaCT", TYMa'iH MapeTHh 1963:376; PMC ra ,lI;e
JTjiJa
H
cupOawu ce".
276
277
TBop6a pe'lll Y CBBPCMCHOM CpnCKOM je3f1KY
CyqJllKcaUflja
3.6.10. -YJbaCT je y06HQajeHo caMO y OYZy/bacili, ca 3Ha'leFbeM llpH6JUf)KHOr 06llHI(a. Y3 TO ra HaJIa3HMO y .neMHHYTHBI1Ma Kao MoiJpy/bacili (= Mop,pYJI,aB, Mo.npHKaCT), ilI1aeY/bacili ' MaJIO, llOHelllTO nllaB', cU8Y/bacili 'CHBKaCT' (y PMC llpeHeTO 1'13 PHCTHna-KaHrpre, 6e3 UHTaTa), wapY/bacili 'lleraB llO llHUY, 60rHiLaB' (3a6elle)f(eHO KOp, PHCTHna-KaHrpre 1'1 y PJA3Y, aJIH 6e3 UHTaTa y PMC), XU6)'/bacili (= )f(HBYJbaB, )f(HBaxaH). OP, IfMeHH'lKe OCHOBe cy Hey06Hqajemi rrpH.neBH 6pexy/bacili (= 6pe)f(YJbKacT), ilip6y /bacili (= TP6YllIacT), MOiKp,a H 3MujY/bacili '3MHjacT' (aJIH MO)f(e 6HTH H OP, 3MujY/bU'/fa: yll. zpoMy/bacili 'KOjH je Kao rpoMyJbHua, KBpraB' H I
OP, rnarOlla cy, no CBeMY cy.nenH, caMO I
3.6.11. 11 -ywacT ce YlloTPe6JbaBa HajBHllIe 3a 60je: Xlle6eu, HaB. M., 6Clle)f(H ilI1a8ywacili, 6lj)eAywacili, IlpHywacili, Moopywacili, MpK)'wacili. C OCHOBaMa .npyrHx 3Haqea,a HMaMO MeK)'wacili (y PMC .nellH o.npe.nHHUY ca MeK)'WaH) 1'1 oe6eJbywacili (= p,e6eJbywKaCT). He cl1a.najy OBaMO ilip6y wacili (op, ilip6yx: yrr. ilip6ywaili) HHTH alj)eHywacili 'KOjH ce lleHywa'. 3.6.12. -YWK3CT je p,aHac CBaKaKO Hajo6HqHHja BapHjaHTa y llpH.ne BHMa Oe6eJbywKacili 1'1 y lleuywKacili (/be-). PMC 6elle)f(H jow 1'1 cuey wl
CIIO)f(eHH CY«PHKCH:
3.7.2. -HjaT ca 3HaqeFbeM lloja'laa,a jaBJba ce y a'p(13/lujaili, "caMO y H3pa3Y Upa3aH ilp(13Hujaili caCBHM rrpa3aH", llpeMa PMC. Ea6Hn 1991:458 6eIle)f(H H Hep,e«pHHHcaHo Mpilieujaili, C je.nHHM rrpHMepoM H3 MHpKa Eo limna, "MpTBHjaTa cTBopea,a". HHaqe je y 3Ha'lea,y nojaqaa,a 06HqHHjH cy «pHKC -Ilujaiii (B. 3.28). 3.7.3. -HaT je O'lHrIIep,HO YKpwTaa,e CY«PHKca -(a)Il/-H;:; H -aili, a 3Ha 'leFbeM je 6I1H)f(11 OBOM .npyrOM. ,n:OIla3H Ha HMeHl1'1Ke OCHOBe, ca 3Haqea,eM 06HJI,a, BCIlHKOr llPHcycTBa MaTepl1je 03Ha'ieHe HMeHHUOM, Kao y ilipae Haili, Ilucuaili, MecHaiii, uepllafii, 'l80puaiii (= 'IBOpHOBaT), pocuaiii 'llYH po ce', 6PClfaili (o.n HMeHHue 6pciii, -u: 'KOjH HMa MHoro llHwlia, llHCHaT'). MO)f(e 6HTH 1'1 06HqaH rpap,HBHH npH.neB, Kao y poxHaili = pO)f(aH, 1<0 xHaiii = KO)f(HH, ilI1exHaiii = nIlexaH, HIIH y C!lO)f(eHHUI1 cyxoMecHaiii, Koja rro 3Haqea.y op,rOBapa llpHP.eBY MeCllU a He Mecllaiii. llauupHaiii, Ma.na ra PMC HaBo.nH H Kao CHHOHHM 3a uauupllu, .naHac 'Iewne 3Ha'iH 'KOjH DOCTO jH caMO Ha rraDHpy, HecTBapaH'; Clll1qHO TOMe, 3a CflaMHaiii ce y peQHHK)' HaBop,e H «pHrypaTHBHa 3Haqea,a 'KOjH KpaTKO TPaje, KOjl1 ce 6p30 raCH' H 'KOjH je rrpa3aH, 6ro Bpe.nHOCTH'. MapeTHIi 1963:376 HaBO.QH 1'1 .npyre, .na Hac Heo6HqHe rrpH.neBe Kao 6Ilacnaili (.nIlaKaB), pecHaili "Ha rrp• .npBO, o.n: peca", zopHaili "T. j. roPOBHT, upHoropCKa pHje'l" H CllH'IHO. 3.7.4. -HoBaT je crroj TPH rrpH.neBcKa Cy«pHKca: HMaMO ra y 'l80pHO 8aiii (WTO je p,aHac y Cp6HjH qeWIIH 06I1HK Hero CBH CHHOHHMH - 'l80pa8, 'l80pHaili, 'l80poeuiii, 'leOpH08uili) H y 'lYOH08aiii. Ea6Hn 1991 :435 H3BO.n11 oBaj .npyrH rrpH.neB H3 'lyiJau, CY«PHKCOM -o8aiii, aJIH je 60Jbe rpYllHcaTH cy «p HKce, Kao WTO 11 OH caM qHHH y .npyrHM cIIYQajeBHMa, roBopenH Hrrp. 0 CY«PHKCY -Hoeuili y 'leOpH08uili (CTP. 432), Cy«pHKCY -lIaiii y l
Taj
o6nflK .IUlllac
278
TBop6a pe'll! y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I!KY
CTO" fI "Hrpane KapTe"), pu6aliu (p. 'l:eTKa), Wieiilahu (06H'l:HO 0 Hrmf), UliilpUKahu (PMC ,l(aje je,l(aH [(HTaT C H3Pa30M UliilpUKaha MaUlUna). Je,l(HHO opahu, nope,l( 3Haqeaa 'KOjH CnY)J(H 3a opalbe' (opahu 60/l06U Y [(HTaTy Y PMC), HMa H naCHBHO 3Halfelbe 'KOjH ce ope' (opalia 3eM/ba), ,l(OK ciilajaliu HMa lfHCTO napTH[(HnCKO 3Ha'l:eae 'KOjH CTOjH', anH ce ynOTPe6JbaBa caMO Y YCTaJbeHHM KOJIOKa[(HjaMa (ciilajaha 60oa, cillajalia 60jcKa, y3 jOlll HeKO JIHKO H3pa3a HaBe,l(eHHX Y PMC). PelfHH[(H 6eJIe)J(e H ,l(pyre, Malbe y06H'l:a jeHe pelfH Kao oY6aliu, CIlazahu, 6pycahu HT,l(. ,[{pYKlfHjH no 3Haqelby H no ,l(Y:lKHHH BOKana a jeCTe je,l(HHH npHMep O,l( HMeHHqKe OCHOBe - oOMiihu, "cnpa ... TBop6a, Koja ce Hana3H H y 'Ie lIlKOM H nOJbCKOM je3HKY", KaKO Ka:lKe CKOK no,l( oahu.
Cy!\lI!KcaUl!ja
,l(eBH Kao iio2oo6en(u), UCK)'Ciileen(u), MUCIlen(u) 151 ,l(aTH cy caMO y Heo,l( peljeHoM BH.lIY; Koiinen H IIpK6en .lIarn cy TaKO, anH C HanOMeHOM ,,06HqHO O.llp."; eO)eiilpen HMa qeTHPH 3Ha'l:elba, anH 3a npao O,l( IbHX, 'KOjH nOTH'l:e O,l( BeTpa', HanOMeHYTO je "O,l(p."; 3a iiUCMen HeMa HHKaKBHX HaDOMeHa, anH ce no,l( 3HaqelbeM 'H3pa:lKeH, HCKa3aH nHCMOM, HanHCaH' ,l(aje npHMep "nHCMeHH 3a,l1aTaK" a no,l( 3HalfelbHMa 'KOjH YMe, 3ua lfHTaTH H nHcaTH' O,l( HOCHO 'KOjH YMe, 3Ha rpaMaTHlfKH npaBHJIHO nHcarn H roBOPHTH' no je,l(aH [(HTaT C npe.llHKaTHBHHM iiUCMen. CJIHlfHY CeMaHTH'lKY ,l(H4PepeH[(HjaQHjy Y O,l(HOCy Ha BH,l( nOKa3yjy H eooen 'BO,l(eHaCT' npeMa 600enu 'KOjH ce 0,l(H0 CH Ha BO,l(Y', 60p6en 'cnpeMaH Ha 60p6y' npeMa O,llHOCHOM 6op6enu (I(ao y 6op6ena oejcillea Hen.), iialCllen 'CTpalllaH' npeMa O,l(HOCHOM iia1Cllenu H ,l(pyrH (B. Ea6Hn
3.9. -A"'KB CJIY:lKH 3a noja'l:aae Y pe.l(yUJIHKaTHBHHM H3pa3HMa uciilu uciilallKU H 'luciiI 'lucillalfKU (OBO ,l(pyro C je,l(HHM ",HTaTOM H3 HCH,l(Ope Ce
279
1991:429).
3.13.1. rOTOBO CBH npH.lIeBH cy O.ll HMeHHlfKHX OCHOBa. Meljy IbHMa
KyJIHli y PMC).
ce H3.l1Baja nOBeJIHKa rpyna rpa,llHBHHX npH,l(eBa: opeen, CIl(JMell (yrJIaBHOM HCT03Ha'l:HO ca CIl(JMnu), /lUMen, z6030en, nU1CIlen, 6aKpen (= 6aKapnu), cpe
3.10. -BmB je no nocTaHKY HaCTaBaK rJIarOJICKOr npHJIOra npOIIIJIOr (Kao H -hu H3 rnaroJICKOr npHJIOra Ca,l(aIIIlber, B. 3.26), IIITO 3HalfH ,l(a 6H ce
6pen (,l(aHac yrJIaBHOM 3aCTapeJIO HnH nOeTCKH Y nopeljeay ca cpe6pn), ciilalCllen, ZAunen, 6)lnen, CYKnen, C6W1.en, /lanen, ii.flaillnen, Kpiien, Kp3Hen, Z)'Men, paxen, oecen, je'lMen H cn., y3 TO 60oen, Meoen H /leoen, KOjH cy
Morao cBpCTaTH H no,l( KOHBep3Hjy. Ko.ll npH,l(eBa, MeljYTHM, OH ce jaBJba (aKO He paqyuaMO .lIBa-TPH apXaH3Ma) caMO y 6U6UlU, iiO'lU6UlU H Y CJIo)J(e HHuaMa 6/laXenOiiO'lU6UlU H n06000Ula6UlU. DU6UlU je ,l(aHaC 3aCTapeJIO
lfelllnH y .lIpyrnM 3Ha'lelbHMa Hero y rpa,l(HBHOM. Meljy rpa.llHBHe cna,lla H npH,l(eB YZJbenu J52 (y H3p83HMa Kao YZibenu iipax, YZibena eAeKiilpooa), anH
Kao npHJIOr, O,l( ilo'lunyrau npHJIOr je ilO'lUllY6UlU, a .lIBe CJIO)J(eHH[(e ce ja
YZJbenUK (yZibena KUCeAUna, YZibenu xuopaill).
BJbajy caMO y npH,l(eBcKoj 4PYHKUHjH. Ory.lla -6UlU CMaTPaMO npH.lIeBCKHM CY4PHKCOM, KOjH ,l(OJIa3H Ha rnaroJICKe OCHOBe, C THM IIITO je OCHOBa y np BOM npH,l(eBY HH4PHHHTHBHa, y ,l(pyroM H TpelieM OKplbeHa, a Y 'l:eTBPTOM je npOIIIHpeHa OCHOBa pa,llHOr npH,l(eBa.
3.11. -E6, -e6(a)n, -e6uill, -e6Jbe6, -e6Jbu, -e(mu, -e6CKU: BH,l(H -06,
-oe(a)n, -oeuiil, -06Jbee, -06JbU, -o6nU,-oecKU.
3.]2. -EK: BH,l(H -OK. 3.13. -EH Kao npH,l(eBCKH CY4PHKC ynope,l(HB je ca CY4PHKCOM -an (-ana, -ano) H no 4PpeKBeH[(HjH H no TOMe IIITO ce nO.llY,l(apa C HaCTaBKOM TPnHor npH,l(eBa. nOHeKH rpa,llHBHH npH,l(eBH 3a6ene)J(eHH Y PMC, Kao 6poH3en, /lojen, Konoii.toen, zuucen, 3anpaBo cy .l(y6JIeTH qelllnHX 06JIHKa Ha
-an; paxen H paxan je.llHaKO cY y06H'l:ajeHH. nOCTojalbe O.llpeljeHor BH,l(a Kao H YBeK je HeH3BeCHO. PMC BenHHY OBHX npH,l(eBa .lIaje Ha -en, Ha -enu OHe HeCYMlbHBO O,l(HOCHe Kao xenuo6enu, Map6enu, 6eopenu, anH y3 ,l(0 CTa KOJIe6aaa: Kaeen je ,l(aTO y HeO,l(peljeHoM a Karpenu Y O,l(peljeHoM BH.lIY (.lIo.llyrne C Heje,l(HaKHM .lIe4PHHH[(HjaMa); nOHeKH HecYMaHBo O.llHOCHH npH
MO)J(e HMaTH H O,l(HOCHa 3Haqelba, H TO He CaMO npeMa yZaJb Hero H npeMa
Y '1HCTO O.llHOCHHM npH,l(eBHMa -en je HCTO OHaKO CeMaHTH'IKH npa 3aH CY4PHKC Kao H -(a)n HJIH -an. MornBHe HMeHH[(e MOry 6HTH KOHKpeTHOr 3Halfelba, Kao y ycnenu, zp/lenu, jeillpenu, 6eopenu, KU'lMen J53 , UZIlenu
(yrnaBHoM y H3P83Y UZAene ywu), Mapeenu, /lapeeHu, lfPKeenu, oZlben, ea illpen, UalCllen, Kounen H cn. JOlil je 3HaTHO BHIIIe HMeHH[(a Koje 3Ha'le P8Jl. ay HJIH anCTpaKTaH nojaM, Kao y xpiileenu, Ka3HeHU, UUCMen, cnen (npe
Te)J(HO KlbHlIlKa pelf HacnpaM calbue HJIH iiociian: y PMC ca jOlll HeKOJIHKO 3Halfeu,a), noce6Ho OHUX Ha cY4PHKce -6a (Mo/l6en, C/lyx6eH, 60p6eH, uo
zoo6eH, illyx6eHu, XaA6eH~ iioMup6enu, 6pUlU06eH~ xeHuo6eH~ ceao 6enu HT.lI.), Ha -iilea (Mo/luiileen, 1CIleilleen, xeilleeHu, c{jjeilleeHu), a noro TOBy OHHX Ha -cilleo (6oxaHciil6eH, illajaHciileen, oOCiilojanCiileeH, BeAU 'lanCill6eH, jeouncilleen, iip6enciil6en, uCK)'CilleeH, opYUlill6eH, zociioo lSI npH TOM je MUClleH H3jeJUla'leHO ca MucaOH, a HHje yonWTe nOMeHyr '1ecm H3pa3 H iii.6op6ell, aJm je .II.~HHHCano CaMO 'KOjH je cno c06aH, KOjH MO: rel="nofollow">Ke .II.a TBOpH. CTBapana'lKH, TBopan'. )13 n03HBalLe Ha pe'lHHK JA3Y• .II.0K He Ma .II.anlWlH.er rpaM3TH'IKOr 3Ha'leH.a.
MUCllella r.<MeHU"Ia. HeOApe~eHO je AaTO
152 Y PMC caMO y O.ll.p~eHOM BHAY. MO)I(.IJ.a P3JUI pa3l1H1COBau.a 0.11. HMeHHl.\e YZ/beH. IS3 OBaKO cY.D.aTH Y PMC: KU'lMeH
y HeoJQlCljenoM BH.D.Y. nperxOAHa 1pH y oApeljenOM.
280
\
TBop6a pe'il! y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I!KY
CYiJlIIKcllllHja
cween, y6ucween, ceojcween, 'lyecween, 30paeCWeeHU, KIbUZOeOOCWeellU, 6pawcweenu HT,n.).
3.13.6. CnO)KeHH CYIPHKC -6eH(ii) H3,nBOjHo ce H3 06nHKa Ha -ell(ii) Kao lllTO cy xM6enu, MOJl6eIlU, 6op6eT/(u). CaMOCTaJIHO ce jaBJba y cfilaM 6eltu, ftpexpllM6enu, oiJ6pllM6euu (npeMa oiJ6paua), cyiJ6euu'(0,n cyiJ, He OIl cyiJ6a = cy,n6HHa). \,
3.13.2. Y H3BeCHOM 6pojy npH.nCBa MOTHBaUHja je 3aMyheHa. IllapeH ce caMO ,neJIHMH'lHO Be3yje 3a nojaM wapa, jep My je Haj'lelllhe 3Ha'leH>e 'pa3H060jaH', Koje OBOj HMeHHUH He,nOCTaje. Oco6eH (Kao HH oco6uw) He MOTHBHllle ce HMeHHUOM oco6a (npaBa 113Be,neHHua o,n H>e je xpBaTcKO oco6I1u). ilaftpen je o,n ftauap '6H6ep', aJIH Ta HMeHHua ce 01.JYBaJIa caMO y xpBaTCKOM, ,nOK ce y cpnCKOM npH,neB npe MO)Ke Be3aTH 3a ftaiipuKY. 3.13.3. Ha npH,neBCKe OCHOBe, KojHMa He MeH>a 3Ha1.JeH>e Hero HX ca MO aIPeKTHBHO 60jH, -en ce ,no,naje y MMeH, MUAeH, xuwpell, cwpMen (qe lllhe cwpMenuw) H peTKoM xpa6pen (y PMC ca 03HaKOM "noKp."): rOTOBO CBH cy ,naHac 3aCTapeJIH HJIH nOeTCKH. Ty cna,na H oulien (yn. xpBaTcKO ou lielluw), Koje ce, Kao lllTO je n03HaTo, jaBJba H KO,n B)'Ka, y H3pa3Y "onneHa npaBHnHocT".154 MJlaljell H 3Jlalien, cy,nehH no jOToBaffiY Kora HHaqe HeMa KO,n OBor CYIPHKca, caMO cy BapHjaHTe o,n MflaljaH O,nHOCHO 3Jlaliall. 3.13.4. TewKohe 3a CHHXPOHHjCKY aHaJIH3y 3a,najy cwyoen (nope KJIOM o,n HMeHHue cwyo, aJIH OHa je ,naHac 3aCTapena, 3aMeH>eHa nOHMeHH qeH>eM cwyoeu, -u), c8ewweuu = c8elienu (nopeKJIOM TpnHH npH,neB, anH ce TaKBHM BHllle He MO)Ke CMaTpaTH 360r aKQeHTa, 360r rpyne ww, a H 360r ,naHac npeTe)KHOr 3Haqeffia rnarona ceewuwu, Be3aHor 3a OCBeTY npe Hero 3a CBeTOCT), caepwen (rnarOJI ca8pwuwu je nomYHO H3alllao H3 ynoTpe6e, Ma.n;a ce OqYBaJIO ,nBonpeIPHKCaJIHO ycaepwuwu). MHoro HopMaTHBHHX pacnpaBa H3a3BaO je npH,neB 3auOCflen. UOCMa TpajyhH ra Hanope,no C HMeHHQOM 3aftoCflelbe, OepHCJlaB HHKOJIHh 1957 je OBY nocJIe,nH>Y H3je,nHaqHO C HecTaH,nap,nHHM H3roBopHMa THna 060Jlelbe, OOeJlelbe, 3aKJbY'lyjyhH ,na ce H npH,neB nOBeo 3a H>OM H ,na je CTora HcnpaB HO caMO 3aftOUlJben H 3aUOUlJbelbe. oe3 cyMH>e 60Jbe pellleH>e Halllao je MapKoBHli 1960, KOjH ,noKa3yje ,na je y je3HKY nocTojaJIa aHTHHoMHja uo Cfleu 6ecuoCfleH, ,na je HaMeCTO npBor npH,neBa ,nOlllao TpnHH npH,neB o,n 3auoCfluwu, aJIH je o,n ffiera H o,n npH,neBa 6ecuoCflen npey3eo Cfl YMecTo npB06HTHOr UlJb.
3.13.5. Ca HCTHM npeIPHKcoM Kao H ynpaBO nOMeHYTO 6ecuocJlen Ha JIa3HMO jOlll HeKOJIHKO npeIPHKCaJIHO-CYIPHKCaJIHHX TBopeHHQa: 6eCMuCfleu, 6esa3Jlen, 6e3e(j)ewpen (oBaj nocne,nffiH caMO Y pe1.JHHKy CAHY). HHje Be nMKH HM 6poj CJIO)KeHHua: oeoCMuCflen, euweCMllCflen, JlaKOMUCflen (peTKO -MUUlJben), 3JlOMUCflen (H -MUCflen, -MucaOH), oy6oKoMuCflell (y peqHHKY CAHY), jeiJltoqurppeH, iJeoqurppen HT,n. 154 BHJJ;1f onwHpHHje 0 TOMe KOJ); Ii. Iip6oplflia, C jrmllcQ /w je3UK, Iieorpa.n; 2001, CTp. 20-23.
281
3.13.7. -Bell, HejacHor nopeKJIa (BepOBaTHO H3 npHIleBa H3Be,neHHX o,n HMeHHQa Ha -cweo, THna upeeucfileell, OHHX Ha -wea, nina MOJlUW8ell, MO)K.l(a H o,n napTHQHna Kao cKpueell, lIaoY6ell), jaBJba ce Kao BapHjaHTa OIl -(a)1I y ,nBa npH,neBa, cwpacweell (y PMC no,n MCTOM o,npe,nHHQOM Kao H cwpacwau) H wpes8eu, C ,nPYK1.JHjHM 3Ha'leffieM Hero wp(uj)esaH. 3.13.S. -CTBeH je 6el cYMH>e anCTpaXOBaHO 113 H3Be,neHHQa THna up eencweell. HaJIroHMO ra ca 3aMeHH'lKOM OCHOBOM y coftcfil6eu H C rnaron CKOM y CfleiJcweeu (CIbe-). MO)K.l(a He 6H 6Hno norpelllHO ,no,naTH H npH,neB xellcw6ell, KOjH je IPOPMaJIHO o,n xellcweo, aJIH Ta HMeHHQa (Ma,na ,nOKY MeHTOBaHa C TpH QHTaTa Y PMC) ,naHac je CaCBHM Hey06H'lajeHa.
3.14. 3a -UB ce CBH aYTopH cna>KY ,na ra Tpe6a nocMaTpaTH 3aje,nHo ca -]bUB. To je ,Je,naH HCTH HacTaBaK", no CTeBaHoBHhy 1963:198, HnH "Ba pHjaHTe HCTOr cyqlHKca", no JaffiH IllaKHh 1985:75. UPH TOM HHje 6HTHO ,na JIH je -II>U6 HaCTaJIO o,n -ju6 jOTOBaH>eM nOCJIe na6HjaJIa (y zpa6/bue, 3U MlbU6 H cn.), Kao lllTO TO npe,nCTaBJbajy CTeBaHoBHh 1963:197 H IllojaT 1959:96, HnH ce naK II> jaBHJIO Ben y CTapocnOBeHCKOM, 0 1.JeMY je H oenHh ,naBao pa3nHqHTa TYMa1.JeH>a: BH.ZJ;H CTaKHh 1988:185-186; BH,nH H CKoKa no,n -U6. JOTOBaH>Y Hcnpe,n -U6 (ycJIe,n 'lera oa6Hh 1991:438-441, CnHqHO Ma peTHny, rOBopH 0 CYIPHKCY -jue) nO.lVIO)KHe cy OCHOBe Ha -Jl (WIlIbU8, 3afta II>U6, MeMlbU6, lIeyMO/bU8, [lIejsllMuUJlbue nope,n [nej3llMUCflu8) H OHe Ha -11. (palbu6, oiJ6palbu6, H.eOWIUIOlbue, HeftpoqDjelbu8: H3Y3eTaK je ilflecnu8). Ha lllaBllllf ce Hcnpe,n Ib ,neHTaJIH c, 3 npenroe y w, x (06jawlbue, KaXlbue, ca 6JlaXIbU6) a TaKO If Hcnpe,n 11>, 6HJIO ,na je HaCTaJIO jOToBaffieM Kao y (ne)3a MUUJlbU6 HJIH ,na npHna,na CYIPHKCY -/bue, Kao Y MUPUUJlbU8, iiOOnOUJlbU6, 60 JleUJlbue ("o,n 6oJlecfillbue", 06jalllIhaBa CTeBaHoBHll ]963:201), iia:JlCJbU8, 3aZpU:JICJbUe HT,n. TIpenroaK x y W HMaMO Y CWPaUJlbU6, ftoOCAt(j)eUJlbU8 If cn., ,nOK 3a naJIaTaJIH3aQHjy KHZ HeMa CHrypHHX npHMepa.
3.14.1. IllTo ce TH'Ie H360pa H3Meljy -ue H -II>U6, IllojaT 1959 je ,nOKa 3HBao ,na nocTojH CeMaHTH'lKa ,nHIPepeHQHjaQHja, y TOM cMHcny WTO -U6 HMa npeTe)KHO nacHBHO a -lI>ue npeTe)KHO aKTHBHO 3Ha'leffie (0 OBHM Tep MHHHMa BH,nH cne,nehH o,neJbaK). HnYCTpOBao je TO napoBHMa Kao lIeooiiy cwue 'KOjH ce He MO)Ke ,nOnyCTHTH' HacnpaM ftOiiycfillbU6 'KOjH nonYlllTa' (CTP. 105), neouasue HaCnpaM lleiioxlI>ue, lIeoopxue - USOP:JlCJbU6, 06pa iJue - paO/bU8 H CJIH'mo (CTp. 102). TIPH TOM je HnaK npH3Hao .ll.a ,,.ll.aHac
282
TBop6a pe'lH Y CIlBpeMeHOM CPIICKOM je3HK)'
jow HHjC H3BPWCHO pa:3fpaHH'IeFbe 3Ha'ieFba HaCTaBaKa -U6 H -/bU6 Y nOTny HOcru" (102), Te ):ta HMa MHoro H3Y3eTaKa r):te H360p cYIPHKCa 3aBHCH O):t IPOHeTcKHX a He O):t ceMaHTH'IKHX cBojCTaBa (104-106, 108). IIpH6nH)KHO HCTH cy H 3aK.lbY'Ill,H CTeBaHoBHna 1963, KOjH rOBopH 0 ,,):teJIHMH'IHOj YCJIOBJbCHOCTH" 3Ha'lClbeM: BH,LtH HapO'lHTO Ha CTp. 203, r):tc ce HaBo):tH H jc):taH nap npH,LteBa ca HCTOM OCHOBOM Y CeMaHTH'IKoj On03Hll,HjH - ne3aja 3U6 'KOjH ce He MO)l(e 3aja3HTH' HacnpaM ne3aja:JlC.lbu6 'He3aCHT, noxne naH' (0 'IeMy BH):tH HH)I(e). CTaKHn 1988:187 3aK.lbY'lyje nOBO):tOM ceMaH m'lKe ):tHIPcpeHll,Hjall,Hje: "OBO je npoll,ec KOjH jOlll 1paje H BaJba ra Y3eTH caMO Kao TeH):teHll,Hjy". HacynpOT lbHMa, lllru
3.14.2. IIo Ba6H1iy, OHO WTO ym'Ie Ha H360p CYIPHKCa jecy "rnaCOBHH pa3n03H, a H OHH CaMO .zijeJIOMH'IHO". ¢OHeTCKe ycnoBe onwHpHO cy HcnH THBaJIH H 1ll0jaT (CTP. 100-101, 108) H CTaKHn (1988:187-191). OHH HajBa )l(HHjH MOry ce onHcarn OBaKO. CaMo -U6 ):tOJIa3H Ha OCHOBe C nanaTaJIHHM 3aBPWeTROM, Hnp. 6pOjU6, OillyIjUB. CaMo -U6 ):tona3H Ha OCHOBe ca 3aBpWeT KOM Ha ):tBa cYTnacHHKa, Hnp. U0003PU6, o6jawlbu6, CYMlbU6, WKaICfbU6, ::xca JlOciUUB, HeyHuwillu6
CY
283
CpilllbU6. -JbU6 je HOPMaJIHO nocne OCHOBa Ha -K, -2 (YPOKlbU6, pacil1eZlbU6), Ha -x (C nanaTaJIH3all,HjoM: CM.{j]ew.tbUB HT):t.), Ha -M H -6 (JlOMIbU6, 0PeMlbUB, Itp8lbU6, He3aycilla8lbu6 HT):t.), a ):tOHCKJIe H Ha -6 (yaoillpe6/bU6, KOJle6/bUB, \ 3a1by6/bU6), anH CH3Y3ell,HMa KaO WTO cy He3/l06U6 H CBe cnO)KeHHll,e Ha -/by .. 6U6 (r):te je CBaKaKO ):tenOBaJIa ):tHCHMHnaIJ.Hja).
·3a OCTaJIe OCHOBe MorynHo je H -U6 H -/bUB. II360p H3Meljy lLHX yrJIaBHOM je npOH3BOJbaH, H OTY):ta 3HaTaH 6poj napoBa y KojHMa ce, 6e3 npoMeHe y 3Ha'leFbY, H ):taHac jaBJbajy 06a cYIPHKca. Y3 Ben nOMeHYTO (ne)3aMUC/lU6 - (He)3aMUUllbU6, TO cy H (ne)MO)epU6 - (ne)MO)ep/bU6, (ne)ocill6apUB - (ne)ocill6ap/bUB, (ne)U32060pU6 - (ne)U32060P/bU6, neca JlOMU6 - neCa/lOMlbU6, (ne)3aMOJeIbU6 - {ne)3aMOJeHlbU6, (ne)U3600U6 (ne)U3600/bU6, (ne)upe600u6 - (ne)upe600/bU6, ne3aop::XCU6 HacnpaM neU3 Op::XC/bU6 H ):tpyrH. Pe'lHHll,H HaBO):te jow Ha CTOTHHC OB3KBHX HCT03Ha'lHHX ):ty6neTa, Ma,Lta je y CTBapHOCTH Haj'lewne DpeOBna,LtaJIa caMO je):tHa BapH jaHTa, Her):te OHa Ha -U6 (Hop. y neYKpoillu6 npeMa neyKpoilllbu6) a Her):te Ha -/bU6 (Hnp. neuojMlbu6 npeMa neUojMU6). BH,LtH H DpHMepe KO):t CTeBaHOBH na 1963:202.
3.14.3. -H6/-/bU6 ):tona3H DpeTe)l(HO Ha rnaronCKe oCHoBe, 3HaTHO pe JlelbU6 (lbenu6). Ije Ha HMeHH'lKe, a caMO y je):tHoj pe'lH Ha npH,UescK)' H3Be):teHHll,e O):t rnaroncKHX OCHOBa MOry lfMaTH ):tBe BpCTe 3Ha'ieFba. I1PBO, HewTO pe~e 3aC1)'IIJbeHO aJIH KapaKTepHCTH'IHO 3a oBaj CYIPHKC, jeCTe 3Ha 'Ielbe MoryliHoCTH, Kao y pa3)lMlbU6 (= KOjH ce MO)l(e Pa3YMeTH), r):te je Haw CYIPHKC ynope,[lHB C narnHCKHM -bilis, IPpaHll,yCKHM H eHrneCIUfM -ble, He Ma'iKHM -bar H cn. ,l:(pyro je 3Ha'ielLe pa,LtEbe Kao THllH'IHe OC06HHe, Hnp. y Ua:JlC.lbU6 (= KOjH na3H). lliBecTaH MalLH 6poj npH,Ltesa Morao 6H npuna,Lta TH 6Hno je):tHoj HJIH .Lq>yroj rpynH, Hnp. UpoMOJell/bU6 'KOjH ce MO)l(e npo MeHHTH' HJIH 'KOjH ce 6p30 H'ICCTO MelLa', H CJlHlIHO TOMe uOKpeilllbu6, pa30pa:JlC.lbU6, i1IlaUllbU6, cillpaUllbU6, 36YH/bU6, K6ap/bU6, 3ai1albu6 H jow nOHeKH.lSS lllojaT 1959 yrnaBHoM yno'lpe6JbaBa TepMHHe "naCHBHO 3Haqelbe" H "aKTHBHO 3Ha'lelbe", ):tOK CTeBaHoBHb 1963 rOBopH 0 "O,[lpeIjHB3FbY o6jeK Ta" H "o):tpe~HBaH>y cy6jeKTa" pa):tlbe OHor rnarona O):t Kora je H3Be):teH npH):teB. HH je,[laH HH ,[Ipyrn nap TepMHHa He 3a,LtOBOJbasajy y nOTDYHOCTH, jep HaBO):te Ha 3aKJbyqaK ):ta cy IIpH,[IeBH Ha -U6!-/bU6 HeWTO HaJIHK H3 na CHBHH O):tHOCHO 3KTHBHH napTHll,Hn MOTHBHor rnarOJla. J.lllaKHli 1985, Ma 155 3aHHMJhHSO je Aa je
Almli 1959
rosOpHO RCI(JI,Y"!HSO 0 3Ha'ie1bY oco6HHe, Aa 6H
ce TeK Y IIpeTlIocne,tULeM lIacycy CBOr PaAa CeTHO ,,.Ila je HaCTaB3JI: -.II>UII j011l H HOCHlIau: 3Ha 'leILa ••• .ll.a HeTKO HnH Heurro MOlke HMaTH unu '1HHIITH HlIH .ll.a ce Ha lLeMY TeK MOlKe "!HHH TH OHO, 11ITO TeMeJl.Ha HMeHHu.a HlIU /lOM.lbUIi.
rnaron 3Ha'lH", HaBo.ll.eliu 3a TO je.ll.aH je.lUfHH npHMep
284
\,
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMellOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
,l(a ce HHje Onpe,l(eJIHJIa HH 3a KaKBY CneL'(H<jmqHY TepMlfHOJIOmjy, ,l(aje TaqHlfje onHce je,l(HOr H ,l(pyror SHaqeILa: Ha CTp. 83 "KOHCTaHTHOCT OCTBa pHBaILa ,l(aTe pa.nILe" (y nplfMepHMa Kao MUpUUJ.fbUe - KOjH MHpHllIe) a Ha cynpoT TOMe "KOHCTaHTHO npHcyTHa cnoc06HOCT ,l(a ce OCTBaplf ,l(aTa pa,l( lha (Hnp. U3eOOlbue - KOjlf ce MOiKe IfSBecnl): Ha CTp. 99 C je,l(He CTpaHe "pa.nILa Kao KapaKTepHCTHKa" a C ,l(pyre "nOTeHL'(HjaJI BpllleILa paJlILe Kao KapaKTeplfcTHKa": IlPH TOM OHa YBO,l(1f If JlPyry onosHUHjy: "HHTeH3HBHH nOTeHL'(lfjaJI", onHcaH Kao "CKJIOHOCT Ka BpilleILY JlaTe pa,nILe" (CTp. 86, 95), HacnpaM "nOTeHL'(lfjaJIa 6es IfHTeH3lfTeTa". HaiKaJIOCT, H3 cnlfCKOBa KO je OHa ,l(aje Hlfje jacHo illTa npe,l(CTaBJ:ba OBa On03lfL'(Hja, y KaKBOM je OJlHOCY npeMa npeTXOJlHoj, HlfTH y KOjoj ce Meplf no,nYJlapa C jOlll jeJlHHM napOM TepMHHa, HaBe,neHHM (6e3 nplfMepa) nplf caMOM Kpajy CTYJlHje (CTp. 100): "H3paslfTH nOTeHL'(lfjan" H "Helf3paslfTIf nOTeHL'(HjaJI".
3.14.4. ClfrYPHO je, y CBaKOM cJIyqajy, Jla OCHOBHa CeMaHTH'{Ka nOJle JIa ,neBep6anHlfx IfSBeJleHHL'(a oCTaje OHa Ha THn pa3YM.lbue H Tlfn iiaxlbue. Y He,nocTaTKY 60n:.HX, H MH tieMo 3a ILlfX ynoTpe6HTH TepMHHe "nacHBHo" H "aKTlfBHo" 3HaqeILe, no,l( HaBo,nHHL'(HMa, Kao lliTO qHHH H lliaKHlieBa. IlplfMepH HajqelllliHx npH,neBa "naCHBHor" 3Ha"leILa 6HJIH 61f yuopeoue,
C}'1jlHKCal!Hja
285
HeOU03ue, C HenpaBHnHHM 3aBpllleTKOM, y KOMe ce caMa rnaronCKa OCHOBa -3U6- CTomma ca Cy$lfKCOM. HSMeljy lhHX H qHCTHX npe$HKCaJIHHX TBope HHL'(a (THna palbuB llepalbUB) He nOCTojlf ClfrypHa rpaHHua. Bpno je Be pOBaTHo ,na 6H y IlCT Tpe6aJIo y6pOjlfTH H npHJJ.eBe Kao lleooK)''lue, 1I"{U3 pet;ue, lIe3aop:JICue, HeOOp:JICUe, 1/eooiiyciUue, Heooolbu6, lleYMolbue, fteo o6ojue, 1/epa3/ly'lUe, lIecuojue, 1/e3aMUCIlUe, 1/eU36puCu6, 1/eupeMOCiliU6, lIeo6opue, HeHaooKlIaoue, 1/euozpewue, Heiio60)eoue, lleOOKa3U6, 1/eyciUpa wue, lIeYHIlwiliue, 1/eyzacue, HeUpOMO'lUe, lIeOt;O)elbue, lIeupOt;O)elbue, lIe iioKolle6(Ib)u6, lIeiipeeoo(Ib)ue, Heooouplbue, lIeuoiipaelbue, l/eypa'lyH/bUB H
,npyre HJIH 6ap HeKe oJ]. ILHX. Y pe"lHHUlfMa, HCTHHa, MOry ce HaliH 06JIH L'(1f 6el npe$HKca OOKY'lU6, U3pet;U6, 3aOp:JICUB H TaKO J],aJhe, anH OHH cy ,l(a JIeKO MaILe y061f"lajeHIf O.D; HerHpaHHX H peTKO Ka.n HMajy nOTBp,l(y y rpaljH. MOiKe ce C pasnoroM npemOCTaBHTH J],a cy BeliHH}' ILHX JIeKCHKorpa$H CH CTeMaTCKH YHOCHJlH, J],piKelilf ce cyMILHBe nomKe no KOjOj y3 cBaKY Hem paHy peq Mopa nOCTojaTH If pe"l 6e3 HerauHje.
3.14.6. APyro, "aKTHBHO" 3Ha"leILe npHJ],eBa C rnaroncKoM OCHOBOM Morno 6H ce HajKpalie onHcarn Kao 3HaqeILe CTaJIHe oc06HHe - no 1ll0jaTY 1959:98 "CBOjCTBO nOTeHL'(HpaHe CKJIOHOCTH J],a ce BpillH pa.nILa", no JaILH lliaKHo 1985:95 "KOHCTaHTHOCT oCTBapHBaILa J],aTe pa.nILe". HajBHllIe ILlfX ooiiyciliue, iipeeooue, U3lleilUe (-Ibe'lUe), palbue, 06jawlbuB, KaXlbue, 00 ce O,l(HOCH Ha n:.Y,l(CKe KapaKTepHe oc06HHe HnH THnH"IHO nOHalliaILe, Kao 6palbue, paW1.{,/lalbUe, 3aiil1.lbue, olj)e.tbue, plj)ewue, upe1/ocue, 1/ail/lailiue, U0003PUB, 06a3pU6, UPe3PUB, Ca:JICl1.IbU6, 6p6lbU6, a ca Cy$HKCOM -IbU6 ua
oilope3ue, pacKIloiiue, 3C1JI-lO)elbue (-Hlbue), upeoeuo(Ib)ue, pa3YM.lbue, cxea iliIbue, iiOjM.lbUB, 'lUiliIbUB, euolbuB, oiiuilIbuB, yiioilipe6lbue, ocilieaplbue, i uooMuililbuB, UOiliKyilIbU6, upux6aililbue, Uoo1/oUJ.fbue, Mlj)eplbuB, ceaplbue, ·1 1l0M.lbue, KBaplbue, YO'llbue, ilioiilbu6, pacilieZlbuB, ulj)eBlbue IfTJl. rOTOBO CBH cy y06lfqajeHH H y HerHpaHoM BIf,l(y (HeyiiopeouB, Heoouyciliue IfTJl.). Ueo HH$HHHTHB Kao OCHOBY IfMa caeuililbUB: yn. HHiKe ooeuiulbuB (3.14.6).
Kao llITO je H nOmqHO, CBH OBH nplf,neBH H3Be,l(eHIf cy O,l( npeJIaSHHX rnarona. O,l( Tora nocTojH HeKonHKO H3YSeTaKa.)7ouaolbue je OJl nOBpaTHor rnarona. CYMlbue je O,l( HenpenasHor (MaILe je BepOBaTHO Jla je OJl HMeHHL'(e cyMlba, Kao lllTO MlfcnH lliaKlflieBa, HaB. M.). PacuOllOXU6 HHje MOTlfBlfca HO npenasHHM rnaronOM paciiolloxuiliu (Eora) Hero HenpeJIasHHM (HnH "HenpaBHM npeJIa3HlfM") paciiollazailiu ("IlfMe). YCe.tbU6 ce ynoTpe6n:.aBa 3a CTaH, KYOy H cn., Ma,na HOpMaJIaH 06jeKT npena3HOr rnarOJIa YCe/luiliu HHCY npocTopHje, Hero 'lOBeK HJIH HaMelllTaj.
XlbUB, CHCIIlaXlbU6, iipollut;Jbue, cilipillbu6, iipeoycpeililbu6, ooclj)ei1iJbu6, 3l1.1by6lbU6, iipeoy3UM.1bU6, pa3Meililbu6, HaMei1iJbu6, Hacpi1iJbu6, iipU'lIbU6, Z060PlbU~ nyi1iJbu~ il/la'llbu~ UpOXoPlbu~3a6opa6lbu~ cHe6u6Ibu~ ciUu OlbU6, KOlle6lbUB, il/laUJ.fbU6, upe6pi1iJbu6, iiOMUPlbU6, 3ajeolbu6, 3a6uolbuB, UOOPYZlbUB, iiouyci1iJbu6, IlQ:JlCJbU6, ocO)ei1iJbu6, ZOIlUt;JbU6, Zpa6lbUB, zop IbU6, wiUeolbuB, cBaolbu6 156 H J],p. )7peMlbU6, ys pelje Ciia6lbU6, MO)l(Jl.a je je
J],HHH npHJJ.eB KOjH 03Ha"laBa TpeHYTHo CTaILe a He CTaJIHy OC06HHY. OJ], HH $HHHTHBa je o06uiliIbu6 (ca OCJIa6n:.eHOM MOTHBau:HjOM, jep y TOM 3HaqeILY J],aHac je y06lfqajeHo ooeujailiu ce, aJIH He H CBpllIeHO ooeuiUu ce).
C HMeHHL'(aMa HeiKHBor HJ1H ancrpaKTHOr 3Ha"leILa ynOTpe6n:.aBajy ce npHJJ.eBH Kao xpaHlbU6, 3aZ)'UllbU6, WKOOlbU6, iiPUMaMlbU6, iio6lj)eplbuB, OUp/bU6, ZallyiiilbU6, y36yo/bU6 HTJ],. TIpe CBera ua CTBapH, aJIH H ua lhY.lle OJ],Hoce ce 3allUM.lbU6, iiOKpeililbuB, y6lj)eolbue, yelj)eplbue, U30PXlbUB, U060)eplbU6, iipe06UOlbU6, 3a600lbU6, CMPOlbU6, 6aplbU6 HTJ],. TIoHeKH 6na 3.14.5. HanoMeHynH CMO Beh,na CKOPO CBIf npH,neBH "naclfBHor" 3Ha
ro MeILajy SHa"leILe y saBHCHOCTH OJ], TOra Ha KaKBY ce HMeHHUY OJ],Hoce, "leILa IfMajy If o,npHqHe 06JIHKe Ha 1/e-. HeKe O,l( TlfX HeraL'(lfja, Kao lIeoiiu Hnp. UCK./by'lU6 - 'orpaHH"IeH, HenO,l(elheH' 0 HeiKHBHM nojMoBHMa a 'He
CUB, 1/eyKpoiUue, lIeoiiopet;ue, HepacKuoue, He3aopxuB, HeYZYWU6, 1/epa3 MpCU6, He3ajaxlbuB, 1/eCClllOM(Ib)U6, He3aycilia6lbU6, HeMajy HacnpaM ce6e
a$lfpMaTHBHH npH,l(eB (*OUUCUB If CJI.), If ILHX MopaMO CMaTpaTH npe$lfK
CaJIHO-Cy$lfKCaJIHHM TBOpeHlfL'(aMa (B. npBy Klhlfry, 3.3.11). Ty cna,na If
156 0.11 c6aouiUu ce; 6YJIYM J1a je Taj 0611HK J1aHaC Heyo6H'IajeH (3aMelLeH npecjlHK CaJlHHM uQC6a9aiUu ce), npMeB 6H ce MOllUla Morao MOTHBHcaTH H HecBpweHHM c6a9aiUu ce, }'3 J1HCHMH1IaI1.Hjy 9.1b > O.lb.
286
Taop6a pe'lH y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy$HKcaItHja
nonYCTIbHB, cBojernaB' npHMeIheHO Ha qOBel
3.14.9. Meljy npH.D:eBHMa KOjH cy HecYMIhHBO O.D: HMeHHQe, HeKH Olaa'laBajy onCe.D:HYTOCT HJIH npeKpHBeHOCT OHHM WTO HMeHHQa 3Ha'lH, Kao ~~8IbU8, 8aUJlbU8, 6Y8lbU8, MeMJbU8, u.necllu8, KPMeJbU8, c8pa61bU8. H rel="nofollow">H Ma cy PJIHCKH H OHH KOjH 3Ha'le TeJIecHa CTaIha, pacnOJlO:lKeIha HJIH ocebaje, KaO 3tLWbU8, Xy'llbU8, hyOlbU8, 6PUXlbU8, UOXOilllbU8, ypOKlbU8, ::XCaAO CillU8, MUAocillu8, CUiilbU8 (pO o.n: cuu1ba), Ca1bU8. Je.D:HHO je3U8 He 3HaqH 'o6yseT je30M' Hero 'KojH H3a3HBa jesy'.
3.14.7. jlh HaBe.D:eHHX npHMepa ce BH.D:H .D:aje BenHHa npH.D:eBa O.D: He I1peJIa3HHX rnarOJIa, Ma.n:a HX HHje MaJIO HH O.D: I1peJIa3HHX, HJIH O.D: I10BpaT HHX Kao 3Q./by6IbU8, cHe6u8IbU8. TIoHer.D:e je MOTHBaQHja OCJIa6HJIa, Kao y MapAJU8, Koje HeMa MHoro Be3e CrnarOJIOM MapuiUulS7, yiie'laili:/bu8 (O.D: .D:a Hac caCBHM Hey06H'IajeHor yiie'laiUuiUu ce 'OCTaBHTH yrHCaK') HJIH yila OAJU8, Koje no.n:pa3YMeBa CHHTarMY yiiaciUulyiiaoaiUu y O'IU. CaMO MaJIH .D:eo npH.D:eBa "aKTHBHOr" 3Ha'leIha HMa HerallHjy (Hnp. HeiiaXlbU8, He06a 3pU8, HeCillpiilbu8). TIoHeKH C .D:O.D:aTKOM I1petPHl
rOJIa 6HJIO O.D: HMeHHlle. TaKBH cy cillpaUJlbU8, CYM1bU8, u.na~~...~6pe OIbU8, cillUOAJU8, 'IeX1bU8, 'Ie3HyiUlbU8 (O.D: HHtPHHHTHBa HJIH O.D: 'Ie3Hyhe C .D:HCHMHJIallHjoM naJIaTaJIa), ZQHyUl/bU8 (O.D: IiHtPHHHTHBa HJIH O.D: zaHyhe, BH .D:H illaKHo 1985:98), Ca6AaX1bU8 (illojaT 1959:97 H3BO.D:H ra H3 HMeHHQe, aJ1H MO:lKe 6HTH H O.D: ca6Aa:JHuillu), OUMlbU8 HT.D:. BPlbU8 je MO:lK.D:a O.D: HalH Ba oB'Ije 60JIeCTH 6plb (WTO CKOK He CMa'rpa CHrypHHM, B. no.D: 6pKa), aJIH ce .D:aHaC npe Be3yje 3a rnarOJI 6plbaillu. Boja::JlClbu8 je eTHMOJIOWKH O.D: 60 ja:JaH, aJIH C 063HpOM Ha rnaCOBHe npOMeHe MO:lKe ce cBpCTaTH H I10.D: cy tPHKC -a::JlC.lbU8 CrnarOJICKOM OCHOBOM (B. HH:lKe 3.14.3). floocM(j)eUJlbU8 je 60Ibe H3BO.D:HTH O.D: HMeHHlle Hero O.D: rnaroJIa, 6y,nyliH .D:a caMO HMeHHlI.a .D:OJIalH y 063HP 3a CMO)eUJlbU8. He3Il06u8 illaKHoeBa 1985:84 TyMa'lH 'KO jH He 3JIo6H', aJIH rJIarOJI 3A06uiUu je .D:aHac Hey06H'IajeH, a H caM je .D:eHO MHHaJIaH, na 6HCMO pa.n:uje oBaj npH.D:eB CXBaTHJIH Kao nCT O.D: HMeHHlI.e 3A06a. CIlH'IHO H He'lacillu8 ("O.D: 'Iacill", Ka:lKe illojaT, HaB. M.). illaKHlieBa Ha C'rp. 97 H 98 H3BO.D:H H cillpiilbu8, oouaolbu8, 3aHUMlbU8, u0(0)eplbu8, 3a je.D:HO C Herall.HjaMa Hecillpiilbu8 HT.D:., O.D: rnarOJICKHX HMeHHlI.a Ha -1be. To 6H ce MOrJIO npaB.D:aTH C063HpOM Ha .D:etPHHHQHjy (,KOjH HMa C'rpnIbeIha' H CJI.), aJ1H je y MOPtPOJIOIlIKOM norne.D:Y npHJIH'IH03a06HJIalHO, jep rJIarOJI CKOj OCHOBH .D:O.D:ajeMo HMeHH'IKH CytPHKC .D:a 6HCMO ra oneT CKHHyJIH H .D:O .D:aJIH npH.D:eBcKH. 157 ETHMoJloIllKHje O,ll HMeHHUeMQP 3aCTapena.
(s. 1)' O,llpe,llHHUY lCO,ll ClCOKa), aJIH oHaje ,llaHac
287
3.14.10. Y CJIO:lKeHHM npH.D:eBHMa, -U8/-IbU8 Hajqewlie .D:OJIa3H Ha rna roJIcKY OCHOBY, npe CBera y MHor06pojHHM npH.D:eBHMa Ha -1by6U8 (;\mpo-, zocillo-, 'I08[jjeKo-, KOpucillo-, opy::XCeJby6u8 HT.D:.), 3aTHM y zocilloiipUMlbU8, lby60uuili:/bu8, 3UMOZP0:JlClbU8. I1MeHH'IKY OCHOBY y .npyroM .D:eny HMajy CJlO :lKeHHlI.e Ha -pO)e'lU8 (CAaiUKo-, KpacHO-, MaAO-, AaKOp[jje'lU8 HT.D:.), Kao H 60z06oja::JlClbu8, YKOJIHKO ra He H3BO.D:HMO CytPHKCOM -a::>lClbU8. Ca QPKBeHO CJIOBeHCKHM OCHOBaMa cy 6AazOZlltlZOIbU8 H 6AazO'IaCili:u8 (-'Iecili:u8). CJIO:lKeHH CytPHKCH:
3.14.11. -AJhHB, Hoo.n:peljeHor 3HaqeIha, Be3yje ce 3a HMeHH'IKY OCHO By Y illYZQ./bU8 (pMC .D:aje weCT 3Ha'leIha; "pB06HTHO je BepoBarno 6HJIO 'Ty:lKaH' y3 H3BeCHO y6JIa:lKaBaIbe, ycne.n: 'Iera Ea6HIi 1991 :458 HaBO.ZJ:H oBaj npH.D:eB Meljy "npM.l\ieBHHM YMaIbeHHlI.aMa"), 3a rnaroJIcKY y MY'lalbU8. PMC 6eJIe:lKH H jow .D:Ba KpajIhe Hey06H'IajeHa npH.D:eBa, 8y'lalbU8 (:=: 8y'la pall, Tj. 'nYH BYKoBa', 6el llHTaTa) H ruuruillalbU8 = IllHllITaB, Cje.D:HHM lI.H TaTOM H3 1iopoBHna.
3.14.12. -EJhHB .D:OJIa3H Ha rnaroJICKe HJIH npH.D:eBCKe OCHOBe y HeKO JIHKO npH.D:eBa, O.D: KOjHX je pacnpoc'rpaIheH caMO ilipUeJbU8 ("PycH3aM HJIH 'IeXH3aM" no CKOKY). OCTaJIH cy CHHOHHMHH ca 06H'IHHjHM .D:y6JIeTHMa: CillPUeJbU8 = C'rpnIbHB (.n:Ba lI.HTaTa y PMC), CMP0eJbU8 = CMp.ZJ:IbHB (y PMC je.D:aH lI.HTaT H3 MapeTHlieBor npeBO.D:a BeprHlIHja), ZOP0eJbU6 rop.n: (y PMC ca 03HaKOM "pyc. KIhH:lK."). APYK'IHje 3Ha'leIhe HMa CytPHKC y xyme IbU8 (= :lKYliKaCT: TaKolje ::XCyiUeJba8, y pe'lHBKy CAHY, H ::xcyiUUlba8). 3.14.13. -A:lKJLHB HaJIa3HMO caMO Y 60ja::JlClbUB H y PeTKOM zoja::JlClbU6 'roja3aH' (y PMC 6el llHTaTa). Mapemli 1963:371 06jawIhaBa.n:a cy nOCTa JIH O.D: 60j03Il-IbU6, ZOj03Il-IbU6, ys Hcna.n:aIhe Il pa.znt mooner H3roBOpa. 3.14.14. -E:lKJhHB, C rnarOJICKHM OCHOBaMa. H3pa:lKaBa CKJIOHOCT Ka BpweIhy pa.n:Ihe 03Ha'ieHe rnaroJIOM, y oapeXlbu8 (PO), CpaMe::JlClbU8, zpa 6e::JlClbU8, y BynrapH3MY je6e::JlClbu8 (y HHKoJIHlieBOM pe'lHHKY, H3 KIhHre .D.aHKa illHnKe) H y HeKOJIHKO peljux npH.D:eBa Kao ciia8e::JlClbU8, oPeMe ::JICIbU8, ZaOe::JlClbU6 'rIl.ZJ:.1LHB'. Fpa6eXlbu8 H 0PeMe::JlClbU8, HCTHHa, MOrJIH 6H 6HTH H O.D: HMeHHlI.a, ca CytPHKCOM -IbU6; PMC 6ene:lKH H HMeHHlI.e cpa Mex, ciia6ex H zaoex. IInaK, HMajyliH y BH.n:y .D:a cy OBe nocne.ZJ:Ihe 'rpH HMeHHlI.e Hey06H'IajeHe, a .n:a je -e:JlClbU8 no rnaCOBHOM CaCTaBY BeoMa yna
288
Tllop6a pe'll! y CaBpeMCllOM CPIlcKoMje3HKY
AJI>HB Cy
CYqJlIKcaUllja
289
-Ka (upoi/JecopKUH, zpaljaHKUH, KOKOWKUH, GyzapKUH, HiUQ/lujaHKUH H CJl.), na ne .naHac 6HTH H l(uzaHKUH, npe Hero IfUZaH'lUH KaKO je nHcao RecKHH 1914:310. I1anaTa.l1H3aL1.Hje HeMa nOCJIe je.nHOCJIO)KHHX OCHOBa (6aKUH, iUeiUKuH, KliepKUH, ceKUH, )[(UKUH HT.n.); HeKa.nawaeHY'lUH, o.nHYKa, caqyBa.l10 ce caMO y Ha3HBY npll3HHKa HY'lUlloaH. He nanaTanH3yjy OCHOBe Ha -z H -x. fJIac If oCTaje HeH3MeaeH y je.nHOCJIO~HHM OCHOBaMa (MalfuH, KYlfUH, 6pa1.jUH, 6pUI.jUH, l(eI.jUH HT.n.). Y BHWeCJIO)KHHM pe.nOBHO npeJlIl3H y 'I (yoo6U'lUH, KpalbU'lUH, Y'lUiUe;oU'IUH, iU6pOU'IUH, UOZJlaBU'IUH, y6U'IUH, MUIlu 'lUH, IIepu'IuH H CJI.), Ma.na y roBOPHOM je3HKY nocrojH TeJKH.a .na ce oqysa, noce6Ho y HMeHHMa ("MHJIH[(HH" H CJl.). llpaB. 1960 HHje HopMHpao OBO nHTalhe, a.l1H y pe'IHHKY .naje H npHMepe Kao iJ(j)e60j'lU'IUH, AH'IU'IUH, 6epa 'lU'lUH, uzpa'lU'lUH. Y llpaB. 1993, HanpOTHB, npOm:lCaHO je.na o.n peqH Ha -'lUlfa npHCBOjHH npH.!l.eB 3a.np~H -'IUIfUH, C [(HJLeM ,,.na ce H36eme rJlaCOBHO Heyro.nHO -'IU'IUH" (T. 85c).
3.16.1. Y Ha'IeJIY, -UH .nOJIIl3H caMO Ha OCHOBe HMeHHL1.a Ha -a, npe CBera )KeHCKHX, a.l1H H MywKHX Kao y c.nYZUH, BOjBOOUH, iUaiUuH, Y'lUH, Hu KOIlUH, Kai/JKUH H CJI. C .nPYK'IHjHM 3aBPUleTKOM OCHOBe jecy MaiUepUH, KliepUH H 3aCTapeJIO O'lUH (B. CTeBaHOBHO 19641:572). IIlTo ce TH'Ie CTpa HHX ~eHCKHX HMeHa C Hey06H'IajeHHM 3aBPWe[(HMa, lllHnKa 1958:112 je cMaTPao .na ce npH.!l.eB "HHKaKO He Mo~e Ha'IHHHTH" o.n HMeHa Kao HHec, J(Ollopec, KeiUu, f/yiJu H CJI. Y npaKCH, npe CBera y WTaMnH H Y npeBe.ne HHM TeKCTOBHMa, HHCY peTKH 06JIH[(H Kao HHeCUH, KeiUuH, MepUH, f/ej HUH, EHUH (o.n EH) H CJI.: OHH ce TeWKO MOry H36ehH, yroJIHKO npe WTO ce o.n OBaKBHX HMeHa He .na HanpaBHTH HH npen03HaTJLHB reHHTHB. lllHnKa HanOMHlhe (CTP. 110).na ce npH.!l.eB Ha -UH npaBH H o.n .na.l1MaTHHCKHX )KeH CKHX xHnoKopHCTHKa Ha -e (Mape - MapuH H CJl.). I10MHlhe H.npyre pern OHanH3Me Kao MUIle - MUIlUH, XpaciUe - XpaciUuH, Tazope - TazopuH, TuiUo - TuiUuH, a.l1H OHH CHrypHO He cna.najy y cpnCKH CTaH.nap.n. Mo rynHo je, HnaK,.na lie ce H y Cp6HjH HOpMaTHBHO npHXBaTHTH nOHeKH npH .neBH o.n HMeHa Ha -0, Kao XYMUH (o.n XYMO) HJIH )[(e;oUH (o.n )[(irbo, XHno KopHCTHKa o.n HMeHa cnop-rcKor .npYWTBa )[(elbe3HU'Iap), KOjH cy y npH JIH'lHOj MepH o.noMalieHH. 3.16.2. H npaBHJIo no KOMe ce npHCBOjHH npH.!l.eB rpa.nn CaMO o.n HMe Ha )KHBHX 6Hlia HMa .nOCTa H3Y3eTaKa. CTeBaHOBHIi 1964 1:571 nOMHae npH Mepe Kao "nHTHHO .!I.Hjere" (y BYKOBOM Pje'lHHK}'), ,,'1apanHH nO'IeTaK", "y 3eMJLHHoj YTPQ6H", "P)')KHHO YJLe", a Ea6H1i 1991:364 ,,'IOp6HHe qop6e 'iop6a". Y HayqHHM repMHHOJIOrnjaMa Hanll3HMO OYZUH (iJyzuHe 60je), xu BUH (pMC .naje npHMepe :JICU6UHa MaciU, :JfCU8UHO 6e/lUllO, XUBUH ciUy6), K/lUI.jUH (y PMC KIlUI.jUH KOpeHaK), COjUH (cojuHO 6paUIHo),peiiU'IUH (peiiU'IU HO y/be) H CJI. Ha¢iUuH je y PMC .naTO Kao CIfHOHHM 3a Ha¢iUHU HJIH 1«UjJ illeHU. npHCBojHe llpH.n:eBe MOry .n06HTH H H83HB" yCTaHOBa. O.n 3aje.n
•
\
CyqmKCau.Hja
290
TBop6a pe'l}f Y ClIBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
HH'IKHX HMeHH[(a TO je MO)K,l:la CaMO 6IIaOUH (I
3.16.3. O.n HMeHa )KHBOTHfb3, 06H'IHO ce npHcBOjHH npH.neB O.nHOCH Ha O.l\peljeHY je.l\HHKy (Kpa6uH, Ko6UJlUH, Ma"lKUH, IiYPKUH, 3MujUH, KpiiluIlUH HT.l\.) .l\OK 3a BpCry Haj'lelIIlie nOCTojH npH.l\eB C .npyrnM Cy$HKCOM (Kpa~ 6/bU, liypeliu, 3.MujCKU). CaMO npH.l\eB Ha -UH nocTojH O.l\ a$eKTHBHHX H3Be .l\eHH[(a (MatfUH, K)'1.IUH, K)'IlKUH, K)'jUH, AujUH, 3eKUH, MeouH H Cll.), anH H o.n HeKHX .l\pyrHX Ha3HBa )KHBOTHH>a Kao KpMalluH, K)'HUH, 6paHUH, Ule6UH, zp MYUIUH, 2IlUCiUUH HT.l\. 3.17. -BT, ca yonlIITeHHM 3HaqefbeM oc06HHe, .l\Olla3H Ha HMeHH'IKe, a y Mafboj MepH Ha rJlarOllCKe OCHOBe. CaMO y .l\Ba-TPH npHMepa H3a3HBa nanaTanH3au;Hjy K (6{jJelluiU, pa3lluIluiil), Z (Pa3lloxuiil) O.l\HOCHO tf (U3pU 'luiU, O.l\ U3putfaiUu - r.l\e ce II jaBJba H y npe3eHTCKoj OCHOBH). Meljy HMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMa Haj6pojHHje cy OHe Ha -H, CBaKaICO 3aTO lIITO 6H C fbHMa TemKO Morao .l\OIiH Cy$HKC -(a)H. TaKBH cy npH.l\eBH Koplj)eHuiU, KaMeHUiU, UciUUHUiU, 3aKoHuiU, 3HaMeHuiil, 6peMeHUiU, 6peMe HUiU, ciUpMeHuiil (O.l\ HMeHH[(e HJlH O.l\ DpH.l\eBa ciUpMeH) H jom nOHeKH. O.n OCTanHX OCHOBa nOMeHHMO ciUacuiU, olluiU, pO)e"luiil, 6flaciUuiil, 6lj)elluiil 6[jjellaH), iUeMeJbuiU (.l\e1lHMH'lliH CHHOHHM 3a iile.MeJbaH),Y30PuiU (.nauac qemne Y30paH), iioiUpe6uiU (c .u.pYXQHjHM 3HaqeH>eM Hero iiOiUpe6aH) HT.n.
O.l\ nOCTBep6aJIHHX HMeHH[(a, C BOKaJIOM 0 Ha Mecry rllaroJlCKOr u, HaCTaJIH cy y60juiU, 3a6ojuiU, y60juiU (npeMa PMC 'CaBHjeH y YBojKe, KOBpl,laB' HJlH 'SHjyraB, 3asojHT') Hpa36opuiU. Oco6uiU, Kao HH oco6eH (3.13.2), .l\aHaC HH~ je y npaBoj ceMaHTH'IKoj Be3H C HMeHHQOM oco6a.
3.17.1. O.n HMeHHQe HllH rnarOJla MornH 6H 6HTH iiOHocuiU, U3pa3uiU, Pa3AUIlUiU, pa3AOxuiU. HecYMfbHBO O.l\ rJlarOJla cy cpouiU, oiUpecuiU, ooplj)eUluiU, U3PUIlUiU, 3azacuiil, yzacuiU, y3 HeKe .l\auac Hey06H'IajeHe Kao iipeiUexuiU, ooO)eAuiU, Y3HocuiU, 0tfO)eouiU H .l\p. JbyiUuiU lie TaKolje 6H TH O.l\ rJlarOJla (Ea6Hll 1991:434 ra H3BO.l\H H3 npH.l\eBa, anH TO 6H 6HO je .l\HHH TaKaB cJI)"laj). MaxHUiU je H3ry6H1l0 MOTHBaQHjy (no CKOKY je O.l\ Ma xaiUu!MaxHyiUu, anH yxplIITeHO ca HMeHHQaMa MaHa H MaHuja).
3.17.2. O.l\ npH1lora cy y36pouiU H HU36pouiil. IIpe$HKcanHo-cy$HK canHe TBOpeHH[(e cy 3ace6uiU ('Iemlie 3ace6aH), iio2lla6uiil, iipoiilu63aKo HUiU; HaOllUiU lie TaKolje 6HTH IICT, nOlIITO no CMHCny He o.u.roBapa npHJlO 3HMa HaOKO HHTH HaOllU. HeMOTHBHcaHH oCTajy HeKH .l\06po n03HaTH npH .l\eBH Kao lIITO cy IleciUuiU, HapOllUiU, HaiipacuiU, Ha6ycuiU HT.n.
291
3.17.3. CJlOJKeHH Cy$HKC -ODDT 8Ma anoMop$ -eDDT nOClle Hen'laHHX cyrnacHHKa (Clloje6uiil, xYlbe6uiil, MYfOe6uiU, z6oxJje6uiU, KpUle6uiU, zp 'le6uiil) anH ca H3Y3eQHMa Kao lIITO cy KUUlO6UiU, Mlj)ew06uiU, BYKOBO pa X06uiil 'y KOMe HMa MHoro pa:lKH (0 11lIIeHHQH)' H peTKO Kpe"106uiil (y PMC c je.l\HHM QHlraToM H3 1885). CJlH'IHO Cy$HKCy -o6(a)HI-e6(a)H y o.n HOCY Ha -(a)H, H -oQUiil!-e6uiU npe.nCTaBJba 06m{qKO npOlIIHpeH>e cy$HKca -uiU, ca HCTHM 3Ha'iefbeM '60raT 'IHMe' Kao H OH. IIPH TOM 11Jlypan Ha -06U/~6U HHje Morao Hrpam 3HaqajHHjy Yllory, 6y.nyIiH .na je CKOPO 110JlO BHHa H3Be.l\eHHQa O.l\ HMeHHll.a :lKeHCKOr HIID cpe.l\ll>er po.na. Ha MeCTa, npe.nelle H1lH 3eMJbHWTe o.nHoce ce 6P006UiU, 6peZ06Uiil, zopo6uiU, ciUlj)eHo6Uiil, UlYM06UiU, KpUle6UiU, 2IlU606Uiil, 6ap06Uiil, UlIbYH K06Uiil, CHeZ06UiU (CfOe-), XJlaoo6uiU, cO)eH06UiU H cn., KaTKa,Q ca 3Haqe H>eM py.nHor 60raTCTBa Kao y cYMiiop06Uiil, 260xJje6UiU, K6apI.f06UiU• APy re BpCTe, oc06HHa Ka3yjy (0)eU2p06uiU, KUUlO6UiU, MQ2/l06Uiil, 60Jl06Uiil, CIIoje6uiU, ciilyafOe6uiU, CKOK06Uiil, 'lIlaHK06Uiil, xYlbe6UiU, zp"le6Uiil, 'IeCTO H aDCTpaKTHe Kao CUJl06uiil, OYX06uiU, cUJpaxo6Uiil, je306Uiil, ZP0306UiU, MaUliilo6Uiil, CIIUK06Uiil, iUajHo6UiU, oapo6uiil, xupOfJuiU H cn. APYK'lHje je 3Ha'leH>e cy$HKca y zaco6uiU (KOjH je O,n: raca, Y OEJIHKY raca), 2Ilaco 6uiil (KOjH je Ha 2Ilacy), fJO)eK06uiil (= BeQau), AeKOfJuiil (lbe-),je3zp06Uiil HT.l\. IIOHeKH npH.l\eBH cy MeTa$opHttHH, Kao MYfOe6UiU, ZPOM06Uiil, OZfOe fJuiil, fJUJl06uiU, 3.Maje6uiil, 6ajKOfJuiU.
3.17.3.1. O.n npH.l\eBa cy I.fO)eAo6Uiil, iiAaxOfJUiU H 0P306Uiil (PO), o.n rJlarona MO)ew06uiil H fJuoo6uiU. HeMOTHBHcaHO je CiUaHOfJuiil (xpBaTCKH QeXH3aM, nOClle.l\H>HX ro.nHHa QeCT H y Cp6HjH: no CKOKY, o.n Here je OCHO Be Kao H rnarOll yciilaHOfJuiUu). 3.18. 3a cy$HKce -jafJ,
-jaH(u), -jacm, -jaiU, -jaUl(a)H BH.l\H -afJ, -aH(ii),
-aciil, -aiil, -aUl(a)H.
3.19. Cy$HKC -ji ce jaBJba y .l\Ba BH.l\a: HeH3MeH>eH, npH 'IeMY HMa rOTOBO YBeK H BapHjaHry -uju, HllH CjOTOBafbeM DpeTXO.l\HOr cyrnacHHKa. Y npB06HTHOM 061lHKY H3a3HBa nanaTllJlH33[(Hje: K> II (l1)''lju, "IOfJ[jje'lju), 2 > X (6oxju, fJpaxju), I.f> 'l (iiiUu'lju, 3e'ljU). JOTOBaH>eM HaCTajy 3aBp meQH -IbU nOClle lla6Hjana (xa6lbu, Mpa6/bU), -fOU nocne Ii (jecefOU, oa fOU), ~Jju nOClle 0 (Me06eJju, Z06eJju). Ha Hcm Ha':!HH .n06Hja ce H -liu (iUMe liu H cn.), anH ce Ty -ju Cnpo.nY:lKeTKOM HMeHHQe Ha -e, -eiila CJlH1l0 y noce 6aH Cy$HKC, -eliu, KOjH 06paljyjeMo HIDKe. ,n:y61leTH -ju H -uju .nauac ce yrmUlHoM CMaTPajy je.l\HaKO npaBH1lHHM (CTeBaHOBHll 1964 1:570-571), C THM mTO ce KpalieM OGJlHKY .l\aje npe.n HOCT, OCHM nocne OCHOBa ca 3aBpmeTKOM ua .l\Ba cyrllaCHHKa, r.ne IIpaB.
292
TBop6a PC'lll Y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je:lHKY
1993 npenopyqyje 06'luju, zyUl.'luju, 6paU'luju M cn. Kao naKlIIe 3a M3rOBOp Hero 06'ljU MT,I:I. (T. 74d). fJacju ce ,I:IaHaC YU01pe6lhaBa caMO y TOM 06nHKY, t(OK je zOlly6uju 3HaTHO qelIIne Hero zOlly6JbU. Y HaCTaBKY OBor O,l:lelhKa, jet(Hoo6pa3HOCTM pa,llH, nHcaneMo npHMepe caMO y KpaneM 06nHKY.
CyqlllKcaLIHja
293
3.20. 3a cyq,HKce -jU6, -juKa6, -jyw.(a}n, -jyw.KaciIl BHtlH -U6, -UKa6,
-YUl.(a)n, -yw.KaciIl.
\ Cy
3.19.2. -Eliu Kao penaQHoHH Cyq,HKC t(OJIa3H npBeHcTBeHo Ha HMeHa
fbU iJan (Ot(HOCHH npHtleB je CyiJCKU). C IIpOCTOpHHM 3HaQeH.eM cy Kpajfbu, cpeiJfbu (6HJ10 ,/1.a je 0,1:1 cp{uj]eiJa HnH 0,1:1 PO HMeHHQe cpeiJuna), cpeou ){(HBOTHH.a cpet(H.er pO,l:la, ca 3aBpmeTKoM Ha -e -ewa. npHMepH: japeliu, Ul.fbU; ca 3HaQeH.eM npHlIa,lIHOCTH Cl!IMO cy ZOCQOiJfbU H MaiIlepfbu. )Wyre jazfbeliu, jyneliu, welleliu, iipaceliu, KpMeliu, KY4eliu, Ma'leliu, aUlleliu. fly H3Be,l:leHHQe Kao K)'lifbU, 04fbU, C06fbU t(aHac cy peTKe HJIH 3aCTapeJ1e; na peliu H Mazapeliu t(aHac ce Be3yjy 3a liypalllliypKa O,l:lHOCHO Mazapal1, npe pOiJfbu je y PMC 03HaqeHo Kao ,,tlHjan.". Hero 3a liype H Mazape, a aceliu, q,OPMaJIHO Ot( ilceiIlo + -jii, HCT03HaQHO je
3.22.2. 0,/1. npHtleBa je CaMO 6UUl.fbU (ot( OCHOBe 6UC- HJIH OLI KOMnapa ca aacju. llOTnYHo OCaMOCTa.lbeH.e OBor cyq,HKca BHt(HMO y H3Bet(eHHQaMa THBa 6UUl.U: B. CKOKa nO,l:l6UCOK H necKHHa 1914:314). 3HaTHO je BHlIIe H3 OLI HMeHHQa M)'WKor Ot(HOCHO ){(eHCKOr pO,l:la - Kepeliu, cplleliu H peTKO Be,l:leHHQa ot( npHJIora: ZOPfbU, iJOfbu (c ry6HTKOM Il), ynyiilapfbu, ciiOJbfbU, c6ufbeliu (= CBHH.CKH: y PMC 6e3 QHTaTa). Y rOBopy ce qyje H Wa.lbHBO 6e 6IlUXfbU, iJllIbfbu (nopet( iJllIbnu: t(aHac yrJIaBHOM caMO y H3pa3Y iJo Olllb 6eliu (= 6encKH). fbez{a), r,/1.e ce KaTKa,lI 3aMeH.Y.ie KOMnapaTHBOM - iJo olllbez{a)), ciJlpa 3a H3Be,l:leHHQe Ha -eliu ot( rJIaroJICKHX OCHOBa BHt(H nOLI -liu. XfbU, iIlo6oXfbU, CU1l01ifbU, iJallaUl.fbU, nOliaUl.fbU, jyiilP0Ul.fbU, 6e4epa Ul.fbU, lleiIloUl.fbU (Jbe-), apolleiIloUl.fbU (QpoJbe-), jecenaUl.fbU, 3UMyw.fbU, Ma IS8 Mapendt (1963:114; yn. 1899;356) CMaTpa Jl.ajejecelbu "MjecTo: jeceHH>H", Jl.a Il04aUl.fbU, OOMQ/104aUl.fbu. /(OZOOUUl.fbU je 0,/1. npHJIora iJozooune, no aHano KlIe ca CyqlHKCOM -!bU, '1HMe ce H3jeJl.Ha'iasa ca lIewlaU; Upolleli/ou (-WloU), 3UMIbU (8. rnjH CBen nOMeHYTHM ZOOUUl.fbU ~ zoiJuna. 3a QOiIlOfbU MapeTHn I(a){(e ,/1.a 3.22.1). je "MjecTO: nOTOM-H>H, T. j. 0,1:1 no TOM" (1899:356; yo. 1963:87); CKOK, no,/1. waj1, HanOMHlbe t(a je npHt(eB q,opMHpaH no aHanornjH ca caoafbu H maiJa
294
TBop6a pe'lll y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
H>U. 3aoH>u, iipeOH>u, iiOCAeOH>U (iioe;oe-) HHCY npaBe H3Be,neHHIJ.e, aJIH HMajy 3aje,nHH'IKY OCHOBY C npHJl03HMa U03aOU, Ha3aO, Haiip(uj)eo O,nHO CHO C rJlarOJlOM CA(uj)eOuiiiu. CJlOlKeHH CYIPHKCH:
3.22.3. -AIL" ,nOJlalH caMO Ha OCHOBe npHJlOra 3a BpeMe: caoaH>u, iiiaOaH>U, HeKaOaH>U, oocaoaH>u, OoiiiaOaH>u, jy'lepaH>u HT,n. CBH cY OBH npH,neBH ,naHac 06H'IHHjH ca CYIPHKCOM -azuH>u. He cna,najy OBaMO c6azOa H>U, HeZOaH>U, Y KojHMa je CYIPHKC -H>U, HHTH c6aKUOaH>U C HeraIJ.HjoM He C6aKUOaH>U, rrOlliTO cy CJlO)l{eHHIJ.e C HMeHHIJ.OM OaH. 3.22.4. -ElL" ce jaBJLa npaKTH'lHO caMO Y jyiiipeH>u (qewne jyiiiap H>u), o,naKJIe je, nOHMeHH'IeILeM Y cpe,nILeM po,ny, HaCTao IJ.pKBeHH repMHH jyiiipeH>e (B. CKOKa no,njY;:Upo). Pe'lHHK CAHY 6eJlelKH H 6(j)eiiipeH>u, WTO je MOlK,na CaMO BapHjaHTa o,n 6(j)eiiipeHu.
3.22.5. -BlL" 03HaqaBa npHna,nHocT, npe CBera y3 HalHBe lKHBOTHILa - 36(j)epU/bu, ii'letlu/bu, OCUH>U, Mpa6U/bU, KOKOZUUH>U, 3MUjUH>U, zyjU/bU HT,n., Kao H Y O(j)eiiiu/bu. OBa nOCJle,nlLa pe'l Y PMC HMa ,nse ,neIPHHHIJ.Hje, 'KOjH rIpHna,na ,neIJ.H, ,ne'ljH' H 'WTO je cBojCTBeHo ,neIJ.H', aJIH MapeTHn 1963:373 HCTH'Ie ,na MOlKe 3Ha'lHTH H npHna,nHocT je,nHoM ,neTery, WTO nOTKpenJLyje ca ,nBa IJ.HTaTa, H3 JeBaHljeJLa no MaTejy H H3 BYKoBor Pje'lHHKa. HCTO ,nBOjCTBo Ba)I{H H 3a MaiiiepuH>U, Koje je no PMC HCTO 3HaqHO ca MaiiiepH>u, a OBO HMa ,neIPHHHIJ.Hjy 'MarepHH, MaTepHHcKH'. ,l1;a Hac cy peTKH HJlH 3aCTapeJlH .npyru 06J1HIJ.H, Kao O(j)e'lU/bu ',ne'ljH', 6UAU H>U 'BHJlHHCKH', a norOTOBY OHH C HelKHBOM HMeHHIJ.OM Y OCHOBH Kao O'lU H>U 'OqHH' (yrJlaBHOM Y cnojy O'lUH>U 6UO) HJlHjajUH>U 'KOjH npHrra,najaje TY' (jajU/ba lbycKa). 3.22.6. -mIL" (yn. -H>U H -azu/bii), rro MapeTHneBOM MHWJLeILY (1963:382) H3,nBojeHo H3 npH,neBa Kao oaHazu/bU,jyiiipOZUH>U, HMa y rIpBOM pe,ny BpeMeHcKo 3HaqeILe. Ha rIpHJIore 3a BpeMe ,nOJlalH y ceazoazuH>u, eaj KaOaZU/bU, oOCKOpaZUH>U, oOCKOpaZUH>U, cyiiipazu/bu, iipeKcyiiipaZUH>U, Kao H y 3aCTapeJlHMa jaKOZU/bU 'CKOPaDIILH, Ca,naDIILH; cBelK.', OojaKOZUH>U ',noca ,nallIILH', oOjaKOZU/bU 'KOjH ne TeK ,nonH, 6y,nynH', HeKOZU/bU 'HeKa,nawILH' (o,n HeKoli?), Ma.llOiipezuH>u (= MaJIOnpeljawILH). O,n npHJIora 3a MeCTO cy cUOIbaZU/bU, YHyiiipazu/bu, iiiaMozu/bu, y3 ,naHac peTKO oeaMOZUH>U H OHaMO UI/bU. IIpeTelKHo xpBaTCKO je UOceeMaZU/bu. CJlOlKeHO-CYIPHKCaJIHa TBope HHIJ.a je ceaKUOaZU/bU (o,n ceaKU oaH, ca OKpILeHOM OCHOBOM).
3.22.7. -AllIlLii je reWKO palrpaHH'lHTH o,n -ZU/bu. MomH 6HCMO My rIpHIlHCaTH H3Be,neHHIJ.e o,n rIpHJIora 3a BpeMe caoaZU/bU, iiiaOazu/bu, OHOa ZUH>U, KaOaZU/bU, oocaoaZU/bU, OoiiiaOazu/bu (y3HMajynH ,na cy OCHOBHH 06 JIHIJ.H cao, iiiaO HT,n., 6e3 IPHHaJIHOr -a), Y3 TO H CKOpaZU/bu,jY'lepaZU/bU, upe K}Y'lepaUlH>U, iipe~azu/bU (o,n 3aCTapeJlOr upe~e). Ca 3Ha'ieILeM BpeMeHaje H
CytPHKCaQHja
295
ilpeazuH>u (o,n pe,nHor 6poja, aJIH HCTOOHa'iHO ca apeljaZU/bu), Kao H CJIOlKeHH IJ.e oojyv:epaZU/bU H Mq.n.oilpe~azu/bu. He cna,najy OBaMO ee'lepaZU/bU, HOIia ZU/bU, jeceHaZU/bU, nowTO cy o,n npHJIora Ha wac ca CYIPHKCOM -/bU.
O,n npHJlOra 3a MecT'o je oeoazu/bu, o,n HMeHHQe Me~aZU/bU (nopeKJIOM BepoBaTHo o,n Me~azu, aJIH ce no CMHCJlY 'Ieruhe Be3yje 3a Me~a).
3.23. -OB/-eB je npHcBojHH CYIPHKC, aHaJIOraH CYIPHKCY -UH (3.16). ,l1;OJIalH Ha HMeHHu;e MywKor po,na (ceM OHHX ca 3aspWeTKOM Ha KpaTKO -a) H cpe,nILer po,na. AJIOMOPIP -ee ce jaBJLa nocJle naJIaTaJIHHX cymacHHKa, Hop. CAaeyjee, Kpalbee, Y'lUiiie.tbee IS9 , cyX/bee, MIUlOunee, 130p~e6; TaKO H llUMuje6, PocuHuje6 H CJI., jep ce OCHOBa 3aBpwasa Ha j. O,n Oyxo je oy xOee HJlH Oyxooe, opeMa PMC. IIocJle 6 jasJLa ce aJIOMOPIP -Ibee, Kao Y lIaX08lbe6, zuap08lbee, 6upoelbe6, JaK08lbe6, MupoClla8lbe6, XpYZU'l06lbee, Typze/be8lbee HT,n. H nocJle aJIBeoJlapa 'I, ZU 06HqHO je -ee (Koea'lee, 1106 'lee, oo60jKazue6, MUAozuee), aJIH nocJle BJlaCTHTHX HMeHa HeCJlOBeHCKor nopeKJIa Haj'lewne -06 (£(a6U'l06, (/JpeH'l06, (/JpaHZezuoe, KUZU06, Byzuoe). HajBHwe je KOJle6ma nOCJIe p, Hnp. i1aciiiupoe/-e6, ee3Up06/-ee, 'lyea p06/-e6, zoci100apoe/-ee H CJI. CaMO -ee je Y flapee, CaMO -oe 3a HMeHHIJ.e Ha -ep (oUA6epoe, lbyooxoep06) H OHe CTpaHor nopeKJIa (ap6uiiipoe, OoKiilo poe, KeHiiiaypoe HT,n.). 3.23.1. O,nHOC H3Meljy HMeHa lKHBe H HelKHBe pelPepeHQHje CJlHqaH je OHOMe KOjH CMO BH,neJlH 3a -UH. H ,naHac Ba)I{H MapeTHlieBO orpaHH'IeILe (1963:376): "O,n CBaKe HMeHHIJ.e, Koja 3Ha'IH WTO )1(8BO, OBaKH rIp~eB HH je Y 06H'Iajy; cJla60 ce Ha rIp. rOBopH Bozoe ... 'loejeKoe 160 ••• a BaJLa,na HH Ka,n KO/bee, ilcoe H ,np. MjecTo TaKHjex npHroeBa Y3HMajy ce OHH Haju HJlH CKU." C ,npyre cTpaHe, rrpH,neBH ce pe,noBHo npase o,n HMeHa npe.ny3ena, KJly60Ba, macHJIa HT,n., Hnp. feHeKcoB, MajKpocOIPTOB,
160 )l.eJlHMH'IaH H3YleTaK O,!! oBOrajeCTe H3PaJ '106eK06a cpeOUI/Q (OKQJlUI/Q), KOjH ce jaBHO c PaJBHTKOM eKOllOWKor nOKpeTa Y Docne,!lH>IIM ,!!eQeHHjaMa XX BeKa. lipll TOM cy ce '1yJle KpHTH!Ce OHHX !COjH cy TBp.l\HllH.Aa je Tpe6ano pehH '106e'ljQ IIJiH IbYOCKQ Cpe,!lHHa, jep '106eK06 YDyhyje H3 DpHD<WfOCT j e,!! HOM '10BeK)'. TaKBH KpJITH'IapH H3ry6Hl1H cy H3 BH,lla ,!!a H je.IUIHHa '10BeK NOlKe HMaTH 3Ha'lelbe ''10Be'laHCTBO, .n.Y.ACKH pO.A'.
296
297
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CPIlCl(OM je311KY
CY
jecy fuzoooe (c npHMepOM U. oMoiUa'l), cO)eMeHOe (c. 1<./lulIa, c. ouua), pu IIUHYC08 (p. CeMe, p. YJbe), CUHYC08 H KOCUHYC08 (c npHMepHMa cUHycoea iileopeMa Hnlt cuuycoe uOy'laK, anH y Cp6HjH 6H CBaKaKO 6Hno 06HqHHje CUHYCHa iUeoPeM~). O.n: HalHBa 60ja y KaPTaMa y06HqajeHo je UUKoe (lJUKO 8a OaMa, HacnOB IIymKHHoBe npHnOBeTKe H onepe qajKoBCKor); PMC .n:aje H iilpepo8 C npHMepoM iilpep08a OCMUlta, Kao H caCBHM HeyofiHqajeHo Ka pOB Cje.n:HHM UHTaTOM H3 HOBaKa CHMHha. llpeMa CYH'lee, MO)ece'lee, 3a Koje CKOK 1951:21 KlUKe.n:a cy npBofimHO nepCOHH
CKoe, Pa'lK08, 3pU1bCKOe; y HOBHje BpeMe llhmKa 1958:112-113, QKYKa 1981 :8-1 0, Ea6Hli 1991 :358, HI1KonHli M. 1999:33-34 3afiene)l(HJlH cy H3 BHme 113Bopa ofinHKe Kao /(ociiloje8cKoe, /Jp1baIlCKOe, BpoHcKoe, KaHouH CK06, rOpK06, O.n:HOCHO MywulIKujee, l.JoMcKUjee, CiilpaBuHcKujeB, rOpKU jee H CnHqHO. lllHnKa TaKBe OfiJII1Ke O.n:JlyqHO o.n:fiauyje. ):Wyra TpH ayTopa HemTO cy Y3.n:P)l(aHHjH, HCTHqyliH .n:a reHHTHB WociilojeBcK02 H CJI.) He MO )l(e YBeK a.n:eKBaTHO .n:a 3aMeHH npH.n:eB, anH HH OHH He npe,llJIa)l(Y H3MeHY .n:oca.n:aWlbe HopMe. HanOMeHHMO .n:a ce CnHqaH npo6neM jaB.Tba H 3a CJlO BeHCKa npe3HMeHa Ha -HU Wpo6Hujee, XAaoHujee, Japllujee H cn.), C THM WTO KO.n: I:bHX 3aXBaTa H .n:eKnHHaL(Hjy, jep HOBHHapH roTOBO pe.n:OBHO nHmy /(po6Huja, ,l(p06Hujy YMeCTO /(po61102(a), ,l(p06HoM(e).
3.23.2. lIoce6HO je palBHjeHa ynoTPe6a Cy
3.23.4. CnO)l(eHH CY
3.24. -OK HHje npaBH CY
298
TBop6a pc<m y CaBPCMCHOM CpnCKOM jC3HK)' CYIPHKcaUHja
3.25.1. C ce TaKo~e ry6H nOCJIe OCHOBa Ha -tu, Kao y HUtuKU, 6apo tuKU, HatuKu, KapiUatuKU. IIo ,n:Ba KOHCOHaHTa ry6e ce y uepatuKU (o,n: IJe paciU, no MapeTHllY 1899:358, y H3,n:albY H3 1963 H30cTaBIbeHo) H y 6yK)' petuKU (MH ,n:aHac qemne 6YKypetuiUaHcKU). 3aBPWeTaK -tuKii HHaqe MO)l(e HaCTaTH Ha BHwe HaqHHa: naJIaTaJIH3a llHjOM x, Kao y 6IlatuKU, IletuKU; naJIaTaJIH3auHjoM z H 06e3ByqaBalbeM, KaO y 6patuKU, KrbUtuKU, ciUpaiUetuKU, 6UOAOtuKU, KIlUPUHtuKU, XUpyptuKU; o,n: K y rbyjOptuKU, XeACUHtuKU (pa.u:H H36eraBaaa rpyne" cyrJIaCHHK + ilK); 06e 3ByqaBaaeM x y ciUMetuKU, Hop6etuKu. Hem 3aBpWeTaK MO)l(e ce jaBHTH H y3 OCHOBe Ha -C H -3, aJIH je MaJIO npHMepa r,n:e je TaKaB 06JIHK He,n:BOCMHCJIeHO npHXBaneH: K)'flpetuKU o,n: Ky upec (caMO TaKO npeMa CKOKY 1951:13-14), 6eAtuKU o,n: BeAc, 6uiUetuKU o,n: 6uiUe3. Y JIHTeparypH je 6HJIO ,n:OCTa pacnpaBa OKO npH,l:{eBa o,n: HMeHa Bp 6ac (6p6acKU ce jaBHJIO C YBO~eaeM Bp6acKe 6aHoBHHe, B. Me,n:Hn 1931, aJIH je ,n:OTJIe 6HJIO y06H'1ajeHo caMO 6p6atuKU, npeMa CKOKY, HaB. M.), Buc (CaMO 6UtuKU, no CKOKY, aJIH Me,n:Hli 1931:184 npHMenyje ,n:aje y EOPaHH lieBoM npaBOnHcy 6HJIO nponHCaHO 6UCKU), Krtuc (B. Ea6Hn 1991 :368), MaH~eAOC H CJIH'IHHX. AcutuKU, o,n: ACU3u, npHMIbeHo je H3 xpBaTcKor, yrJIaBHOM Kao aTPH6YT cBeror
299
aJIH ce ,n:aHac npBeHcmeHo MOTHBHwe TonOHHMOM H XH.u:poHHMOM HCTor 06JIHKa, PatuKa. •
Y je3HKY WTaMne H TeJIeB~Hje -tuKU ce MO)l(e Halin H TaMO r,n:e My YOnmTe HHje MeCTO, Hop. Metl6YPHlUKU, KaHiUoHtuKU, zeiUUHZeHtuKU, epAaH ZeHtuKU, 6pYKllUHtuKU (6e3 cYMae no aHaJIOrHjH CH3Be,n:eHHuaMa Kao XaM 6yptuKU, K6UCIlUHtuKU), KaTKa,n: H YMeCTo -IIKU, Kao y K6e6etuKU HJIH y pac npoCTPaJLeHOM alliUetuKU (YMecTO AcmeK, aciUellKU, KaKO je npODHCHBao Ben IIpaB. 1960). 3.25.2. 3aBpWeTaK -IlKU MQ)I(e 6HTH o,n: OCHOBa Ha -Il (6ellKU, Ka callKU), naJIaTaJIH3allHjoM o,n: -K (ZpllKU, iiPOPOllKU, 60jHuIlKU) HJIH o,n: -ll 00 6allKU, y006UIlKU). H3Y3eTHO, -ll oCTaje HenpOMeaeHO y cyellKU, ZlYlIKU (o,n: /..(ytIe) H y jow HeKHM pe~HM npH,l:{eBHMa Kao paZlKU (,n:Ba llHTaTa y PMC), uajallKu (y PMC Cje,n:RHM LtHTaTOM H3 J. HrlbaToBHlia), OOHeijKU, aytu6UZI KU (o6a KO,n: Ea6Hna, HaB. M.). 3.25.3. AJITepHaDlfjy -H- YMecro -rb Ha 3aBpWeTKY OCHOBe HMaMO y H3Be,n:eHHuaMa o,n: HMeHa npa3HHKa Kao Ba3HeCeH>e, Hozoja6lbelbe, Yciierbe H CJI., r,n:e npH,n:eBH rOTOBO YBeK rJIace 6a3HeceHCKU (Tep3Hn E. 1999:192-193 nOMHJLe Ba3HeCeHcK)' lfPK6J y Eeorpa.u:y, C PycKOCJIOBeH CKOM BapHjaHTOM B03HeceHcKa), 60zoja6lbeHcKu (qecT je H3pa3 60zoja 6/beHCKa 600Uqa), yciieHcKu, upe06paxeHcKU, 6AaZ06etumeHCKU, 6a6eOeH CKU H CJI. Tep3Hll 06jawlLaBa,n:a ce TaKBH npH,l:{eBH "H3Bo,n:e no npaBHJIy o,n: llpKBeHOCJIOBeHCKe OCHOBe Koja ce 3aBpWaBa Ha -H", HaDOMHaynH ,n:a y 3BaHH'lHoj npKBeHOj ynQTPe6H HMeHa npa3HHKa MOry HMaTH H 06JIHK Ha -eHuje (Ba3HeCeHuje H CJI.). lliY3eTaK o,n: OBora je npH,l:{eB o,n: HMeHa CpeiUe rbe, KOjH 3a.u:p)I(aBa naJIaTaJI (CpeiUerbCKU yciUa6: Tep3HIi Ka)I(e ,n:a je Hawao H CpeUleHcKU yciUa6, aJIH ,,.u:OHCTa PeTKO"). BepoBaTHO no yme.u:y aa OBe upKBeHe H3pa3e, y ,n:aHaWILeM je3HKY ,n:OCTa cy qecm 06JIHUH oO{j)eJbeHCKU (HapOqHTO y H3pa3Y o. 3ajeOHuqa) H 3auaJ&eHCKU o,n: 3aUatbeibe (Hnp. 3aua /beHCKU npoueCH), r,n:e je Morna ,n:eJIOBaTH H ,n:HCHMHJIaLtHja YO,n:HOCY Ha /b. HeMa cYMae, HilaK, ,n:a je npaBHJIHO caMO oO{j)eJb.erbCKU H 3aiiatberbCKU, jep ,n:ejOTOBaJLe HHje HOpMaJIHa maCOBHa nojaBa HH ca KOjHM Cy$HKCOM. 06PHYTY nojaBY, jOToBaae $HHaJIHOr -H, HMaMO Y AarbCKU o,n: Aa Hel-AaHu, y ,n:aHac PeTKOM ciflpalbcKU H y npere)I(Ho xpBaTCKOM 6arbCKU (o,n:aKJIe H 6albtuUlUHa).
3.25.4. H3Be,n:eHHlle o,n: HMeHHlla C HenocrojaHHM a 3a.u:P)l(aBajy TO a y OCHOBH, KaKO 6H ce H36erJIe TeWKe cyrnaCHHqKe rpyne (B. Ea6Hn 1991 :369-370): c6eiUallKU, A06allKU, pytuWlallKU, cyxalbCKU, 3aoapcKU H CJI. To Ba)I(H H 3a HMeHHue Koje ,n:06Hjajy HenocTOjaHo a CaMO y reH. nJI., Kao 3eMatbCKU, ciflpaHallKu, 0(j)e60jallKU. HCKIbY'lHBO pa.u:H pa36Hjaaa cy maCHH'lKe rpyne a ce ,n:o,n:aje y HeKHM npH,l:{eBHMa o,n: TonOHHMa KaO 6ocaH
CY
300
TBop6a peQH y CaSpeMeHOM CpncKoMje:lIIK}'
CKU, 6yzojaHcKu,jaja'lKU, UCiUapCKU. OCHOBe c-rpaHor nopeKJIa no npaBHny He pa36lfjajy rpyny (CUOpiUCKU, KacapHCKU, PUJ!MCKU, ZOIlPCKU, ciUyoeHiU CKU, XOllaHOCKU If cn.), OClfM O~HX Koje HMajy HenocTOjaHo a (MeiUapCKU, IJUpapCKU, 1l0zapUiUaMCKU, KaiUeoapcKU, a BepOBaTHO no aHanorujH H all ze6apCKu). IIpHJl.eBH Kao 06jeKafUcKU, acQeKaiUcKu, oujalleKaiUcKu, aKIJe HaiUcKu ocnalLajy ce Ha a Koje ce y HMeHHIl;H jaBJba y reHHTHBY MHO)l(HHe, a He06aBe3HO H y HOMlfHanfBY O,nHOCHO aKY3aTHBY je,nHHHe.
3.25.5. MO)l(J{a BHme Hero Hcnpe,n Hje,nHor ,npyror cyqlHKca, OCHOBe ce pe,nYKYjy Hcnpe,n -CKU. To Ba)l(H y npBoM pe.ny 3a HMeHHIl;e Ha -uja, Hnp. y xapMoHcKU, aKaOeMCKU (c ,nPYK'IHjHM 3Ha'ielLeM, anH Hey06H'iajeHo, aKa OeMUjCKU), 6ypxoacKU (o,n 6ypxoasuja, nope,n 6ypXyjCKU o,n pycH3Ma 6YPxYJJ, a noce6Ho rp'lKe CnO)l(eHHIl;e, Kao opiUoeucKu, opiUozpapcKu, cfllepeopoHcKU, paouopoHCKU, XPOHOIlOWKU, oHiUoIlOWKU, MOPPOIlOWKU, aHaIlOWKU (nope,n aHaIlozujcKU H aHaIlOZaH), HT,n.l61. OCTajy HecKpaneHe HMeHHue ca cyrnaCHH'iKHM rpynaMa Hcnpe,n -uja, Kao uapiUujcKu, upoeuH IJUjCKU, uHoyciUpujCKU, zeoMeiUpujcKU, H ,npyre Koje 6H cKpaliHBalLeM H3ry 6Hne npen03HaTJbHBOCT, Hnp. uciUOpUjcKU, KaHlJeJlapujcKU, ZUMHasujCKU, KOMUCUjCKU HT,n. BH,nH rOpTaH 1955 2. Pe,nYKLlHjH cy no,nnO)l(HH H MHOro6pojHH npH,neBH o,n HMeHa 3eMaJba H nOKpajHHa, THna MaKeooHcKU, CIla60HCKU, uaHOHcKu, PYMYHCKU, wuaH CKU, xOAaHocKu, lleiUOHCKu, CKamJUHa6CKU, MaH/fYpcKU HT,n. 11 TY HMa ,no CTa npH,neBa ca O'iYBaHHM -uj-. To cy yrnaBHoM je,nHoCnO)l(He OCHOBe, Koje 6H pe,nYKOBalLeM nOCTane TemKO npen03HaTJbHBe (Kao y asUjCKU, Zpy3Uj CKU, Au6ujCKU, Hy6ujCKU, CUpUjCKU, 6aHujcKu HT,n.), HnH OHe C He3ro,nHOM cymacHH'IKOM rpynoM, Kao y aycfllpujcKU, 6eJlZujcKU, UHOujCKU, KaIlUPOP HUjCKU, KOllYM6ujCKU H cn. IIocne,nILHx ,neIl;eHHja, MO)l(J{a H no,n YTHuajeM pycKor, Hepe.nyKOBaHHM 06nHLlHMa ,naje ce npe,nHocT, na o,n HMeHa HOBH jHX H MaILe n03HaTHX 3eMaJba Haj'iemne HMaMO COMaIlUjCKU, eiUuouujCKU, iUa1l3aHujcKU, Au6epujcKu H cn., Ma,na 6H ce c HOpMaTHBHOr me,nHmTa npe MOrJIO npenopyqHTH COMaIlCKU, eiUuoucKU H cn. Pe.nyKyje ce H Cy4>HKC -UKa, Ka!) y zeHeiUcKU O.Q zeHeiUuKa, pOHeiU CKU, epoiUCKU, oujeiUeiUcKU (nYHH 06JlHLlH zeHeiUu14KU, pOHeiUu'lKU HT,n. .QaHac cy MaILe y06H'IajeHH), cuHiUeiUcKU nope.Q 'Iemlier cUHiUeiUu'lKU, Ma Kp06uofllCKUI-iUu'lKU HT.Q. 3aBpmHO -UK ce ry6H y aiUllaHiUcKU H aHiUu6u OfllCKU (nope,n aHfllu6uoiUU'lKU). O.Q ,noMaliHX HMeHH'IKHX cy4>HKca Haj'le mne OTna,na -(a)lJ, Kao y 6PXYHCKU o,n 6PXYHalJ, y .QHjaneKTOnOmKHM TepMH HHMa wiUOKaeCKU, KajKaecKU, 'laKa6CKU, eKa6CKU, ujeKa6cKU, UKaeCKU (aKO HX H3BO.QHMO O.Q wiUOKaealJ HT,n.), a 3aTHM H y OOMUHUKaHCKU, uypuiUaH 161 He y6pajaMo OBaMO npHJteBe THna OUOI/OUlKU, HMeHHu;a Ha -I/OZ, a 0 KojHMa he jOIll 6HTH pe<m HHlKe.
IiCUXOI/OUlKU,
KOjH MOry 6HTH H 0):1
301
CKU, euwrypejcKU, UIle6ejcKu, HopOUjCKU, jaK06uHCKU H cn. aKO HX H3BO,nH MO O.Q HMeHHLla OOMUHUKaHall, uypuiUaHall HT,n., Kao mTO 'IHHH 6a6Hn 1991:371. Y .QpyruM CJIyqajeBHMa, 'IHHH ce ,naje onpas,naHHje rOBOpHTH 0 CnO)l(eHHM cy4>HKcHMa: Hnp. Ky6aHcKU je H3Be,neHO Cy4>HKCOM -iiHCKii o,n Ky6a (Kao H Ky6aHaIJ Cy4>HKCOM -iiH{ajlJ), a TaKO H cuapiUaHcKu, IlUlluUy iUaHcKu, jaeaHcKU, uao06aHcKU, iip06aHCaIlCKU HT.Q.
3.25.6. Pe.nyKIl;Hja OCHOBa y O'iHme,nHoj je Be3H C nojaBoM KOjy Ea 6Hli (c-rp. 56, 372) Ha3HBa He 6am jacHHM repMHHOM ceKYH,napHa MYTauHja, HaHMe ,na ce npH,neB HCTOBpeMeHO MOTHBHme ,nBeMa HMeHHo;aMa o,n HCTe OCHOBe. TaKO ce ouflIlOMafllcKU je.QHaKo O.QHOCH Ha OufllloMaflly H oUUIlOMa fllujy, PUIl030PCKU Ha pUll030pa H Ha pUll030pUjy, H aHanorno TOMe iUe lleuaiUcKU (- iUeJleuaiU{aj, iUeJleuaiUuja), ueoazowKU (H ueoazoz, ueoa zozuja), eKOHOMcKU, aciUpOHOMCKU, opiUoiieocKU, XUpyPWKU, MeiUaIlYpWKU, pUllaHfllpouCKU, y3 nOBeliH 6poj npH.QeBa Ha -zpapcKU (poiUo-, 6uo-, aeo-, iiOPHO-, cflleHO-, KapiUozpapcKU HT.Q.), Ha -KpaiUcKU (apuciUo-, OeMO-, Wry fllo-, 6upoKpafllcKU HT.Q.), a HajBHme OHHX Ha -1l0WKU: 6uo-, iicuxo-, 300-, COlluo-, iUeo-, eiUUMo-, aHiUpoiiollOWKU H ,neCeTHHe ,npyrnx, 6y,nynH ,na 3a rOTOBO CBe ,nHCIl;HnJIHHe Ha -Aozuja nOCTojH H Ha3HB CTPY'ilLaKa Ha -Iloa. IIpH.QeBH H3Be,neHH o,n nomina agentis Haj'iemne cnyme He CaMO 3a BpmHOIl;a pa,nlLe Hero H 3a CaMY pa,nILY, na peIl;HMO 6pooozpaOuiUeJbCKU 3Ha'iH He CaMO 'KOjH ce O.QHOCH Ha 6po,norpa,nHTeJbe' Hero H 'xOjH ce o,n HOCH Ha 6p0.Qorpa,nILY', H TaKO HCTO KpoiUuflleJbCKU (npeMa KpoiUuiUeJb H npeMa KpolielUe). cfllapaflleJbCKU (cfllapaflleJb H cfllapaiUeJbciUeo), yzocfllu iUeJbCKU. 06HOeuiUe.tbCKU, iiOKP06UiUe.tbCKU H cn., 0 'ieMY BH.QH PHCTHli C. 1983:18-19. Y3pOK OBe nojase H3rJIe,na.Qa je npereJKHO 4>0pManaH. AreH THBHH Cy4>HKCH, HaHMe, JIaKO ce H roTOBO aYTOMaTCKH KOM6HHyjy ca -cKii. TaKo iUpKa'lKU, nope.Q 3Ha'ielLa 'KojH ce O,nHOCH Ha -rpKa'le', 3Ha'iH H 'XOjH ce O.QHOCH Ha -rpKe', 6y.nyliH ,na o,n HMeHHLle fllpKa He nOCTojH npH.QeB. IIpH6nH:lKHo HCTO BamH H 3a MHOillTBO .Qpyrnx npH.QeBa o,n nomina agentis, Kao lleiUa'lKU CKOjH ce O,nHOCH Ha neTa'le H JleTelLe', ,ne4>HHHme ra PMC), ZIlaCa'lKU, cKuiUa(lla)'lKU, iipuuoelj)eOa14KU, uciUpaXU6a'lKU, upepalju' ea'lKU, 3aeojeea'lKU, uooCMlj)e6a'lKU,Y'/llj)eIUUea'lKU, OCllo600Ulla'lKU, iipe 600Ulla'lKU, cealjalla'lKU, 6ajapcKU, CIlUKapCKU,pu6apcKU, IlUMapCKU, eJleK iUpU'lapCKU H TaKO ,naJbe. THMe ce MOry o6jacHHTH H 06nHUH Kao He3Ha lla'lKU, 6paiUoy6U1la'lKU, KOjH cy H3Be,neHH H3 caCBHM Heyo6H'IajeHHx 06 nHKa Ha -/lall YMeCTO H3 n03HaTHjer He3HaIlulla, 6paiUoy6ulla, a KOjH ce MO THBauHjOM Be3yjy If 3a He3HalUe O,nHOCHO 6paiUoy6ucfll60.
3.25.7. Y CBOM HajonmTHjeM 3HaQea.y, -cKii H3pamaBa O,nHOC npeMa MOTlfBHOj HMeHHIl;H, Koja MO)l(e 3Ha'iHTH JbY,nCKO 6Hne (xeHcKU, Ce.tba'lKU, 60zaiUawKU, 3uoapcKU.•• ), KOneKTHB (HapoocKU, UIleMeHcKU•.. ), )l(lfBOTHILY
302
TBop6a pe'll! y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
(KOfbCKU, MajMYHCKU ... ) HJIll p3.3He BpCTe He)KHBHX llojMoBa. 3aca,na je He pellleHO llHTaH>e ,n:a JIH ce TaKBH O,n:HOCHH "pH,n:eBH MOry H3.3BaTH H llpH CBOjHHM, KaO lllTO llO 'Ipa,nHUHjH ,{HHe rpaMaTHKe (TaKO H CTaHoj,{Hn-I1o lloBHn 1999:153), a '{eM)' ce llpOTHBH CTeBoBHn 1950:59-60, Y3 l103HBaH>e Ha JIecKHHa 1914:301, llO KOMe oBaj Cy4>HKC 03HalJaBa BpCTy a He llPHlla,n HOCT ("von der Art des Dinges, das durch das substantivische Grundwort ausgesagt wird"). Y Be:3H CTHM je H llHTaH>e ,n:a nH ce Cy4>HKCOM -cKii MO)Ke 03Ha,{HTH H O,n:HOC llpeMaje,n:HoM 6Hliy HJIH caMO llpeMa MHO)KHHH. OHO np BO CBaKaKO HHje y06H'IajeHO. .JienHIi 1949:161 yn030paBa,n:a CiUatbUHCKU yciUae y CP"CKOM He 3HalJH 'CTa.JbHHOB YCTaB' (Kao y PYCKOM CUtMUHCKaR KOHcW:UiUyrlWl), Hero 6H je,n:HHO Morno 3Ha,{llTH 'YCTaB CTaTLHHOBe BpcTe'. HnaK, Mapendi 1963:380 HasO,n:HO je H3 Hapo,n:HHx npHlloBe,n:aKa npHMepe Kao "ojeeoja'iKU, MOMa'iKU, Y 3Ha'{eH>Y: ojeeoj'iUH, MOMKoe" HnH lIapCKa Khu 3a HCry ,n:eBojKY Koja je paHHje H3.3BaHa lIapeea Kliu. CTaHojlJHn-llono BHn (Has.M.) ,n:ajy npHMep ,,H3H~HTe, ,n:euo, Y UlKOACKO ,n:BopHlllTe (= y ,n:BO pHlllTe Koje n p H n a,n: a Hamoj ruKOJIH)", r,n:e npH,n:eB llO H>HXOBHM pelJHMa 3Ha'lH "llpHna,naae ..• Ta,{HO o,n:pe~eHoM, HH,n: H B H,n: Y a JI H 3 0 BaH 0 M nojMj'''. HacynpoT TOMe, Ka)KY OHH, Y npHMepHMa Kao UlKOACKU pa,n, ceo CKU )l(JfBOT, zpaoCKO nOHalllaH>e "OBH npH,n:eBH 03HalJasalie HCTO lllTO H ODHCHH npn.neBH (CBOjCTBO, KBanHTeT, oc06HHa)".
3.25.8. Je,n:Ho cneUH4>H,{HO nOJLe npHMeHe OBor cy4>HKca jeCTe H3BO ~eH>e
o,n: BnacTIITHX HMeHHua. Me~y H>HMa HeMa MHoro aH'IponoHHMa,jep Kao lllTO HCTHlJeMO HH)Ke, y 3.25.17, ry je 06H,{HHjH Cy4>HKC -oecKiiI-eecKii. .D:aneKo je BenH 6poj H3Be,n:eHHua o,n: eTHHlJKHX O,n:HOCHO reorpa4>cKHx HMe Ha CBHX BpCTa, KojHMa je -cKii je,n:HHH Cy4>HKC 3a H3BO~eH.e npn.neBa. H KO,n: H>HX OCHOBe MOry 6HTH pe,n:yKOBaHe. "TaKO je pa~eecKii", nHllle CTeBaHO BHn 1964 1:577, "HanpaBJLeH o,n: OKpH>eHe OCHOBe HMeHHue Pa~eeUHa, iICzUliUp06CKii o,n: OKpH>eHe HMeHHue llaUlUtp06uliu H uoca6CKii npeMa llocaeUHa (O,n:HOCHO no BYKY lloca6lbe), iIOMopaecKii npeMa llOMopa6lbe." TaKo je H Ulu6eHCKU o,n: IIlu6eHuK, uoopaecKU o,n: lloopa8UHa, 3azopcKU o,n: 3azopje, y3 .n:pyre pe~e npHMepe Koje HaBo,n:H CKOK 19542:35, 37. KaTKa,n ce no ,n:Ba npH,n:eBa MOry H3BeCTH o,n: TonOHHMa O,n:HOCHO o,n: eTHHKa, lllTO je cneu:n4>HlJaH cnyqaj "ceKYH.D:apHe M)'TaUHje": CKoiIcKU H CKOWbaHcKU, UH OOHe3UjCKU H UHOOHexaHCKU, MeKCU'iKU H MeKCUKaHCKU, aMepU'iKU H ,n:a Hac peTKO aMepUKaHCKU• .Jiy,n:yIiH,n:a HHa'{e yaeK je,n:aH HCTH npH,n:eB cnY:lI{H H 3a MeCTO H 3a CTaHOBHHKa, jacHo je ,n:a cy OB,n:e 06a ,n:y6neTa HCT03Ha,{Ha. HCKJLyqHBO o,n: eTHH'IKe OCHOBe je llpn.neB OaAMaUtUHCKU (npeMa ,l1aAMa UtUHall, ann MOTHBaUHOHO H npeMa ,l1aAMalluja). llojasa cneu:n4>H'IHa 3a H3Be,n:eHHue o,n: reorpa4>cKHx HMeHa jecTe 3a MeHa oCHoBa, Ha lllTa je noce6Ho YK3.3ao CKOK 1951: 17-19: MuUtpoeulia MuiUpoea'iKU (o,n: HeKa,nallla.er MUUtpo6llu < ,l1UMuiUp0611U), ,D.y6po6HUK -
303
CyqlHKCaQllja
oy6p06a'lKU (llO CKOKY o,n: HeKa,l(aWH>er ,D.y6po6all, lllTO 6H 6HO eTHHK o,n: ,l1y6poea = ,D.y6po6HUK), llpuUliUuHa - iIpuUlUte6CKU (o,n: HenoTBp~eHor llpuUlUteeo?), KpajUHa - KpajuUlKU (o~ peTKor anenaTHBa KpajuUliUe = KpajHHa, o,n:aKJIe H KpajuUlHUK). OBoMe M~)KeMO ,n:o,n:aTH H 3azpe6a'iKU (CKOK 19542:33 ra H3BO,n:u o,n: KajKaBcKor 3a;spe6~ = 3arpell'{aHHH) H ~a KoealiKU o,n: naK06ulla (,,3aTo, CBaKaKO, lllTO ce TO HeKa,na H 3Bano naKo eo", o6jarua.asa CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:578).
3.25.9. 1l0HMeHHlIel:beM npn,n:eBa y )KeHCKOM po,n:y Ha~a cy MHOro 6pojHa HMeHa ,n:p)KaBa (TypcKa, ,l1aHcKa,
3.25.11. Cy4>HKC -cKii yn3.3H H y Belin 6poj CnO)KeHHX H llpe4>HKcan Ho-cy4>HKcanHHx npH.D:eBa. 3a llpBe Bn,n:H y,n:eny I (CnaraH.e) o,n:eJLKe 3.1.1, 3.2.1.5,3.2.2.2-3.2.2.5,3.3.1,3.4.1.3,3.6.1.3, 3a.n:pyre y,n:eny II (I1pe4>HK caUHja) o,n:eJLKe 3.3.1.2, 3.3.2, 3.3.5, 3.3.8, 3.3.10, 3.3.13, 3.3.15-3.3.19, 3.3.21, 3.3.25, 3.4.5.-3.4.11. 3.25.12. -BjCldi je 6e3. cYMI:be HaCTaJIO y npn,n:eBHMa o,n: HMeHHua ca OCHOBOM Ha -uj HnH -uja (MeoujcKU, a3UjCKU), anH ce npollIHpHnO H Ha HeKe .n:pyre OCHOBe, KojHMa je 360r cyrnacHH,{Ke rpy"e Ha Kpajy TeWKO .no,n:aTH CaMO -CKU. TaKO HMaMO Ae36ujCKU (nope,n: Ae36ejcKU) o,n: JIe36(ocJ, zapaujcKU o,n: zapaa, aAUujCKU (nope,n: MUuHCKU H Haj'{ellllier MficKU), HeMOTHBHcauo HOpOUjCKU (o,n: HeM. nordisch HnH 4>p. nordique). Y EHUHKnOlle,n:ujH I1pocBe Te Han3.3HMO BMiIypzujcKa Ho1i 162, Y3 TO iUOCKUjCKU H zezujCKU Kao HalHBe 3a ,n:se rpyne an6aucKHX ,n:ujaneKaTa (no,n: AA6aHUja, o,n:eJLaK Je3UK). JIetltl.H iUUjCKU YMeCTo y06H'1ajeHor AeeaHUtUHCKU 3a6ene)KeHO je y PMC Cje,n:uHM UHTaTOM H3 JOBaua UsHjHlia. Ha oBaj ua,{HH CBaKaKO je HaCTaJIO H 6acKUj 162 .L(OJIa311 0.11 HeM. lKeHCKor HMeHa
BatlflypzucKa
IIJIH
BatlUYPZUHfl.
Walpurgis,
UlTO 3Ha'iH Aa 611 npaSIIJIHO
.
611J1o
304
Taop6a peqH Y CaBpeMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CKU, O.ll. SacK (yMecTO (6aca~KU, mTO 6H 6HJIO TemKO pa3YMlLHBO), anH je y HOBHje BpeMe y Cpe.ll.CTBHMa jasHor HHq,opMHcaIba 'IeCTO H SacKUja 163 Kao TonOHHM, na 6H npeMaILeMy6aCKtljcKu6Hno06H.IaHnpH.lI.eB Ha -cKii.
3.25.13. Cyq,HKC -yjcldi .lI.ona3H :( TPH npH.lI.eBa O.ll. HMeHa :>KMSOTHIba, oeHyjcKu, eOJlyjcKU H 0PJlyjCKU. Csa TPH cy .lI.aHaC no.uje.ll.HaKO 06H'IHa, aKO He H 06H'IHHja, ca Cyq,HKCOM -06CKii.
3.25.14. CnO:>KeHH Cy
3.25.14.1. lloillTO cy HMemlI~e Ha -aH(a)ij yrnaBHoM eTHHI..\H, H Me~y npH.lI.esHMa je HajsHme KTeTHKa CTPaHor nopeKna: K)l6aHCKu, ttUJleaHCKU, uepyaHcKu, iiopiilopuKaHcKu, MapoKaHcKu, f.UpojaHcKu, ciiapf.UaHcKu, iile 6aHcKu, eeHeijujaHcKu, iiaa06aUCKU, (6yaUM)iietuf.UaHCKu H cn., y3 TO MeK CUKaHCKU (nope.ll. MeKCUttKU), arjJpUKaHCKU ('Iemne arjJpUttKU) H aMepUKaH CKU (.lI.aHaC yrnaBHOM 3aMeIbeHO ca aMepUttKU). O.ll..lI.OManHX npH.lI.esa TaKBH cy epaFbaHCKU, uuponaHCKU (nope.ll. UUpOiilCKU), a noce6HO cp6ujaHcKU (C eTHHKOM Cp6ujaHaij: 0 IbHXOBOM 3Ha'lelbY y O.ll.HOCY Ha CpUCKU, Cp6UH BH .lI.H <1>eKeTe 1978, HHKOJIHn M. 1998 1, illHnKa 2001). O.ll. cTpaHHx aHTPono HHMa H3Be.ll.eHH cy MYXaMeaaHCKU, e.tIU3a6eiilaHcKu, euKf.UopujaHcKu, HUtte aHCKU HT.lI.., a TaKo~e (6e3 O.ll.roBapajyne HMeHH'lKe H3Be.ll.eHHl..\e)jYJlujaHcKu H zpezopujaHcKU. O.ll. aneJIaTHsa je peuy6JlUKaHCKU, C.lI.PYK'IHjHM 3Ha'lelbeM Hero peiiy6JluttKU. llpH.lI.eSH HaCnpaM KOjHX CTOjH eTHHK Ha -(j)aHUH peTKO cy CTPaHor nopeKna, Kao UH.OOH.eXaH.CKU, UOJlUHeXaH.CKU (y3 TO H ezUUnaH.CKU, KpU naHCKU, KaHaljaHcKU, anH TY je MHOrO 06H'IHHje ezuiiaf.UcKu, KPUf.UCKU, Ka HaaCKU). 3HaTHO HXje SHme H3jyroCJIOBeHCKHX Kpajesa: 6oj6oljaHcKu, upe ttaHCKU (O.ll. nOHMeHH'leHOr npHnora upeKO: yn. H3pa3 U3 upeKa), 6aHanaH CKU (nope.ll. 6aHaiilcKU), 6atteaHCKU (nope.z:\ 6attKU: s. EeJIHIi 1949:162},Ma tt6aHCKU, zpyxaHcKU, aYKlbaHCKU, 3enaHCKU (nope.ll.3ef.UcKU), KOpttYJlaHCKU, HepeiileaHCKU (-f.UlbaHCKU), ttattaHCKU, H08lbaHCKU, f.UptunaHCKU, CeHnaH.CKU, ZpOttaHCKU HT.z:\. OsaMO MO:>Ke MO:>K.z:\a .z:\onH H XpUtunaHCKU (YKOJIHKO ra MO THSHmeMO ca Xpucf.Uoc a He ca xputunaHUH.), anH He zpaljaHcKU HnH 6pljaH 163 TUBor TonOHHMa HeMa y OpHrHHaJIy: o6J1aCT Ha ceBepy llInaHHje y KOjOj lKHBe EacKH 'Ipa,IUfllHOHaJIHO ce H33HBaJIa provincias vascongadas, '5acKHjcKe npOBHHI.\Hje'. Y HOBHje BpeMe, ca ysoijea.eM Behe ayroHOMHje 3a nOKpajHHe, Taj H33HB je npeHHaqeH y Pais va.fCO, WTO 5H 5YKBaJIHO 3HaQHJlO 'EacKHjcKa 3eMJba', a TO ce KO.u; Hac HeH35elKHO cKpahyje
y BacKUja.
CyqlllKCal.{Hja
305
CKU, KOjH cy O.ll. zpaljaHuH, 6pljaHUlI (.z:\OK je O.z:\ npOCTHX HMeHHua ZpaaCKU H 6paCKU). Y3 .z:\pyre BpCTe HMeHHua H.lI.Y iilY3/laHCKU (npeMa TY3/laK), 6p~aHCKU (npeMa SpttaK: TaKO je y llpas. 1960, KOjH HaSO.z:\H H 06nHK 6p~KU), /lUUU ijaHCKU (npeMa Ha3HSY KOIba /lUiiUijaHep, H3 HeMa'lKor).
3.25.14.2. Y OCTanHM H3Se.ll.eHMI..\aMa O.ll. 3aje.z:\HH'IKHX HMeHHua -iiH cKii HMa yonillTeHO penaUHOHO 3Ha'lelbe, Kao H npOCTH Cyq,HKC -cKii . .IJ:ona 3H yrnasHoM Ha OCHOBe ca 3aSpmeTKOM -K, -z, HnH r.z:\e 6H H3 q,OHeT CKHX pa3JIora TemKO Morno .lI.a .lI.o~e caMO -cKii. O.ll. HCTHX OCHosa Haj'lemlie nocTojH H anCTPaKTHa H3Be.ll.eHHI..\a Ha -aHciil60. OCHOBe BeliHHOM 03Ha'la Bajy .lbY.z:\CKa HJIH 6o:>KaHCKa 6Hna, Kao y ttOeO)e'laHCKU, a(j)e8UttaHCKU, upopo~aHCKU (nope.ll. UPOPOttKU), e/laaUttaHCKU, Kaf.UO/lUttaHCKU ('Iemne Ka iilO/lUttKU), 6oxaHCKU, cyiipyxaHcKU, CIIyzaHcKU, MecujaHcKU HT.lI.. C He :>KHSOM OCHOSOM cy K)lnaHCKU (,KOjH ce O.ll.HOCH Ha K)'liy H Ha KynaHCTBo, KynHH, .z:\OManH'), Zp06IbaHCKU, iiotuiilaHCKU, 6ep3aHcKU.
.zwyre
3.25.15. -EUCKH je y06H'IajeHo npe CBera y npH.lI.eBy 6atuiiieHCKU. llope.ll. Tora jaB.lba ce, Haj'
306
CytPHKc~a
TBop6a pe<m y caapeMeHOM cpnCKOM jeJHKY
3.25.16.1. Ca 3aMeHH'lKOM OCHoBoMje HatuuHcICU = HatuKu (y PMC H3 pe'lHHKa PHcndia-KaHrpre, Y Byt
3.25.17. H3Y3eTHO npo,l{yKTHBaH CnO)!(eHH CYlPHKC jecTe -oBcKH/-eB cKii. Y lLeMY ce He nOCTaBJba nMTalLe O,l{aKne ,l{Ona3H npBH lPOpMaHT, no lIITO cy rOTOBO CBe H3Be,l{eHH[(e HnH 0,1{ je,l{HOCnO)!(HHX MYIllKHX HMeHHua C MHO)!(HHOM Ha -06ul-e6U, HJ1H 0,1{ MYIllKHX HMeHa C npHcBojHHM npH,I{eBOM Ha -061-e6.
Y
307
cjJ0pM6upoeclCU, KOMUHrjJOPM06CICU 165, u6eoecKU (y pe'iHHKY KnajH 1992), Kaze6e06cKu, HaUl06CKU (06a Y HHKOJ1H1ieBOM pe'iHHKY), cKoje6cICU HT,I{. Y HOBHjOj rpaljH CHrypHO 6H ce HalllJ10 jom ,l{OCTa HiBe,l{eHHua 0,1{ aKpoHHMa, Kao ecueec06cKU, Xa0e3e06CKU, OOC06CK11 H CJI. \
,
3.25.17.3.
IlOTeHUHjanHo HeorpaBH'IeHY rpyny '1HHe H3Be,l{eHH[(e 0,1{
JIH'iHHX HMeHa H npe3HMeHa (BH.l{H 06HJbe npHMepa KO,l{ HHKonHha M.
1999:28-29). 3a BehHHY TaKBHX OCHOBa -oecKiiI-eecKii je je,l{HHH CYlPHKC
CKJ1a,l{y C THM je H pacnO,l{ena anOMoplPa, na TaKO -e6CKU HMa
KOjH ,l{OnalH Y 063Hp. llpH.l{eBa Ha -CKU HMa Mano (anp. upoMeUlejcKu, xo
MO Hnp. Y Hoje6clCU, 2aHouje6cKu, Kpatbe6CICU, HytUune6CKU, Mapzue6CKU, KHe::xce6CKU, UpUH'le6CKU, a TaKolje Y oy::xcOe6CKU.·
MepcKu, oOH::xcyaHcKU, HaUOlleOHCKU nope,l{ HailolleoHoecKu, 061l0M06CKU, lleH.>UHCKU H CUiatbUHCKU npeMa PYCKOM) H OHH 'iecTO HeMajy ,l{HpeKTHe Be 3e ca HMeHOBaHOM JIH'IHOIllny, Hnp. ii.!laii10HCKu, COIlOMOHCKU, opaKoHcKU, ZaIleHCKU: KaKO Ka)!(e CTeBOBHn 1950:63, "HMe JIHua nocTaje 03HaKa je.l{He
PalJ10r 3a yno1pe6y OBOr CYlPHKCa )'MeCTO 06H'iHOr -CKU MO)!(e 6MTH cyrnaCHH'iKa rpyna Ha Kpajy OCHOBe, Kao y Mapi1i.06cKU, a62yci1i.oecKu (3a OCTane Meceue je ~cKii:jaHyapcICU MT,I{.), i1i.eHK06clCU, KIloeH06CKU, Maptuee CICU HT,I{. Mo)!(e 6HTH H caMO "TeH,I{eH[(Hja je3HKa, ,l{a ce caqYBa HeH3MjelLe Ha OCHOBa", KaKO nHille CKOK 1951 :24, HaBO,l{enH npHMep 6ez06cKu YMeCTO *6ezulCU. TaKBHM Pa3J103HMa 6e3 c)'MlLe ce 06jamFhaBa H tuax06CKU, lIeX06 CKU, a y My3HUH npH.l{eB 6ac06cKU (3a pa3J1HKy 0,1{ coupaHcKU, i1i.eHopcKu, 6apui1i.oHcKU, r,l{e npen03HaTJbHBOCT OCHOBe HHje yrpO)!(eHa). CKOK TaKolje HanOMHlLe ,l{a je 601l06CKU ,l{OIllJ10 Kao 3aMeHa 3a cTapHje 60IlyjCKU, 0,1{ eOllyjb, r,l{e je "npH,DjeBcKH CYlPHKC -yjb ••• 61'10 caCBHM pHje,l{aK, Henp0,l{YK mBaH H npeMa TOMe HepalYMJbHB". ,nO,l{aje H ,l{a je 0,1{ Kpatb nocrojano KpatbCKU (,1{0 XIX BeKa), anH ,l{a je 3aMeILeHO ca Kpatbe6CKU no,l{ YTHuajeM HMeHHue Kpatbe6UHa. 164
3.25.17.1. MOTHBHe HMeHHue Haj'ieilihe cY
HalHBH JbY,I{CKHX HnH HaT
npHpO.l{HHX 6Hna, Kao Y KpatbeeCKU, KHe::xceecKU, ilpUH'le6CKU, zporjJoecKU,
UOU06CKU, ou)eo06cKU, KYM06CKU,p0606CKU,KMei1i.06cKU, KIl06H06CKU, CHO 606CKU, 6eK06cKU, 1,lUH06CKU, OU606CKU, 60206CKU (c ,l{PYK'iHjHM aKueHTOM 0,1{ OCTannx) HT,I{. Mory 6MTH H HalHBH )l(}fBOTHlLa, Kao Y 601l06CKU, 6UK06~ CKU, 06H06CKU, jap'le6CKU, CIlOH06CKU, lla606CKU (npe CBera Y H3palY II. oeo, HHa'ie 'Ieilihe lla6Jbu), Opll06CKU, u(uj)ei1i.Il06CKU, Hoje6cKU, uy::xce6cKu HT,I{. PeljH cY npH,I{eBH H3Be,l{eHH 0,1{ HMeHHua 36HpHor 3Ha'ieILa (P0006CKU, lIe X06CKU, Kaop06cKU, Y HOBHje BpeMe KIlaH06ciu) H 0,1{ ,l{pyrHX He)!(HBHX noj MOBa, Kao rjJpoHi1i.06CKU, Mapzue6cKU, UleHKoecKU, UlOU06CKU, 61l0KOeCKu, Ka61loeCKU, ZUax06CKU, ::xcaHp06CKU (B. KnajH 1992) HT,I{.
3.25.17.2.
,nBOCJ10)!(He H BHIlleCJ10)!(He OCHOBe HanalHMO TeK Y H3Be
,l{eHHuaMa 0,1{ (cKpaheHHX) HalHBa opraHH3aUHja, KojHMa O,l{roBapajy HMe HHue Ha -oe(a)o/-e6(a)II' TaKBH cy npH,I{eBH ececoecKU, 2eCUlau06CKu, UH 164 Y3 KPalb€BUHO 6H CBaKaKO -rpe6ano nOMeHyTH H KPaIb€BCiii60: THMe 6H ce Morno o6jaCHHTH 3aUITO OA I{Op HMaMO I{QPCKU (rAe je I{OP€6UHO, anH IfOpCiii(0).
noce6He BPCTe, OHO ce HcnYlLaBa cneUHjaJIHHM HOBHM 3Ha'ielLeM".l66
3.25.17.4.
Ca OBHM CYlPHKCOM HaJJa3HMO H nOKojy cnO)!(eHHUY Kao
XIlaoHopoUl06CKU, oCMoMapUioecKU H nOHeKY llCT Kao ilpoUlu6U1eHK06C1CU, 6aH61l0KOeclCU. 0,1{ cnoja .l{Ba HMeHa je ppaHt{j03eq)OeclCU, 0,1{ HMeHa C npe 3HMeHOM p06UHXy006CKU (y OPCl 1'13 ~e OrallleBHna), :JICUIleepH06 CKU (HHKOJlHh M. 1999:29: Ha HCroM Mecry HaBOAe ce H ,l{pym, peljH DpH MepH Kao ocUlau6enoep06CKU, CeCUIIOeMWl06CKU H TaKO ,l{aJbe). Ca HMeHOM cy MorynHe H llCT Kao UpeOCOKpai1i.06C1CU, ilpOMUllozue6Une6CKU, aHiUuo 6peH06une6CKU (HCTO, C1p. 28).
n.
3.25.18. -JbeBcKii,
cnoj npHcBojHor H OAHOCHor CYlPHKca, ,l{OJlalH y3
HMeHa H npe3HMeHa ca 3aBpilleTKOM Ha -6.
113 36HpKe n. OTaIlleBHna Y HH
165 OBa ABa 6elIelKH CKOK ]951:25. OH nume UHt/J0pM6UP008CKU, UITO 6H C063HpOM Ha npoMeHY HMeHHIle 6HllO npaaHllHHje, Kao H ulU/IopM6uPOO6Q1{. Y npaKCH, HnaK, jaJl.ll>ajy ce CaMO 06lIHl{H c jeAHHM 0, UHt/JOPM6upoBol{ H l/1It/JopM6upoBCKU. 166 Y ODOM Pa.AY H Y Pa.AY CreaoBHIi 195] oaaj ayrop jc nOlIeMHcao c ABOjHIloM HR' lKclbepa e.neKTpOTexHHKe OKO rora A8 lIH -rpe6a pdiH OM08CICU oiUiiop HllH QMCKU oiiifiop. I10lICMHKa je HnaK 6Hlla 3aHHMJbHBHja c tPH3H'lKOr Hero C llHHI'BHCTH'IKOr CTaIIOBHWTlI, jep je OCHODHO nHTalhe 6HllO .Ita lIH jc AOTH'lHH OTnOP 'DKO Ha3aaB no OM060M 30KOHY HllH naK no MepHoj jeAHHHIlH OM (CaMO Y ODOM APyroM CllJ'ilIjy 6HlIO 6H OnpaaJ{llHO QMCKU).
TBop6a pe'll! y CaBpeMellOM cpnCKOM je31lKY
CYti>IlKca1mja
KOJIHneBOM pelJHHKy 3a6ene)l(eHO je 6ojuCAa6lbe6CKU, 6pe::XClbe6lbe6CKU, ua 6Jl06Ibe6CKU, lta60K06lbe6CKU; Ea6HIi 1991 :388 ra HaJIa3H "caMO y 'iexo 6Ibe6CKii", IlITO je lJY.!l:Ha TBp,nH>a, 6Y.!l:yliH .!l:a oBaKBH CYIPHKCH Mory y HalJe JIY HeorpaHHlJeHO ,na ce KOM6HHyjy ca CBaKHM ~aJIO n03HaTHjHM BJIaCTHTHM HMeHOM. '
ce6HO Y npeBO.!l:HMa, CTeBaHOBHIi HaJIa3H H HeMaJIO npHMepa 'IHCTe naPTH ~HnCKe ynoTPe6e (Hnp. KO.!l: nype JaKIlIHfia "CnYCTHBIlIH je.!l:HO .!l:pyroMe ropylie 06pa3e Ha 6Hjylie cpue", CTP. 74), aJIH CMarpa .!l:aje TaKBa ynQTPe6a ." . "Hall1eM Hapo,nHOM Je3HKY cTPaHa H,na 3aTO "HH Y KH>H)I(eBHOM ]e3HKY He MO)l(e 6HTH .!l:OnYIlITeHa" (CTP. 78).
3.25.19. -AqKH je npe CBera KTeTH'IKH CYIPHKC, Y 3azpe6a'iKU, a y3 TO Y CA06elta'lKU, xep11ezo6a'l.KU, Ualt'l.e6a'l.KU, ~aK06a'lKU H cn., r.!l:e je HaCTao O.!l: eTHHKa Ha -(a)11 ca CYIPHKCOM -cKii, aJIH ce no.z:tie.!l:HaKO O.!l:HOCH H Ha 3e MILY O.!l:HOCHO Ha rpa,n.
HacynpoT OBaKBOM CXBaTaH>Y, MHHoBHfi 1978 je 0.!l:6auno H.D:ejy .!l:a ce "a.ujeKTHBH3a[(Hja ... TeMeILH Ha CHHTaKCHlJKHM ocHoBaMa" (CTp. 52), Tj. ):(a ce rJIarOJICKH npHJIOr O):(BOjHO o,n rnarona H BelaO ce 3a HMeHHUY, 00 cTajyliH npH.D:eB. TIo H>erOBOM MHIlIILeH>Y Irnje nocpe):(H "uoupuoje6lbQ6Qlbe HnH cn. rnaroJ1CKOr npHJJora ca,naIlIH>er", Hero "HaCTajaFbe HOBHX a.ujeKTH Ba ... y 06nHKY rnarOJICKOr npHnora ca,namfher", H TO "npHje CBern, Ha JIeKCHlJKO-CeMaHTH'lKHM OCHOBHMa" (CTP. 75). Te JIeKCH'IKO-CeMaH'IWlKe OCHOBe OH je y CBOM pa,ny nOKYIlIao .!l:a .!l:eIPHHHll1e, HaJKaJIOCT Ha KOHIP}'3aH H TeIlIKO Pa3YMILHB HalJHH, y3 ynoTPe6y He):(eIPHHHcaHHx TepMHHa Kao "HTepaTHBHo-eBoKaTHBHH rnaronH" H "HTepaTHBHO-lPaKTHTHBHH rnaro JIH", TaKO .!l:a ce He MO)l(e TBp,nHTH ):(a je llPY:>KHO HeKH HOBH H nOyJ):(aHHjH npHcryn OBoj BpCTH npH,neBa.
308
O.!l: 3aMeHH'IKe OCHOBe PMC 6ene)l(H 060JlUKa'l.KU H OHOJlUKa'iKU, 03Ha'ieHe Kao ayrMeHTaTHBe o,n 060JlUKU O,nH. OHOJlUKU, H3 BYKOBor PjelJHHKa 6e3 ~HTaTa, r,ne HHje CHryPHO .!l:a nH He nocTojH H HeO.!l:peljeHH 06JIHK Ha -a'l(a)K, Kao y 6eJlUKa'l.aK (B. rope, 3.2.4). HapasHo, He cna,najy OBaMO MHor06pojHH 06nH~H H3Be,neHH O.!l: HMeHHua ca 3aBpIlIeTKOM OCHOBe Ha 11, 'i HnH K, Kao CQMa'l.KU, 6plba'l.KU, zyoa'iKU, Celba'l.KU, MOMa'tKu, CfUpa Ha'l.KU H CJI.
3.26. CYIPHKC -Ii O.!l:HOCHO -liii, CrnaroJICKHM OCHOBaMa, MopaMO Pa3 JIHKOBaTH O.!l: cYIPHKca -aliii (y npH.!l:eBHMa THna jaxaliu, 3.8), a HapaBHO H O.!l: -eliii C HMeHH'IKHM OCHOBaMa (3.19.2). OBH npH.!l:eBH, ca 3aBpIlIeTKOM Ha -enu HJIH Ha -yliu, no 06nHIcy y HOMHHaTHBY je,nHHHe M. po,na je.D:HaKH cy rJIarOJICKOM npHJIOry ca,naIlIH>eM, H 06HlJHO ce cMaTPa .!l:a cy O.!l: H>era no CTaJIH.l67 TaKBo MHIlIILeH>e 3acrynajy CTeBaHoBHli 1949 (Beli H Y HacnoBY pa,na: "TIonpH.D:eBILaBaFbe rJIarOJICKOr npHJJora Ha _liu") H CTaHojlJHIi-TIo nOBHIi 1999:157. Y TOMeje BepoBaTHo pa3nor IlITO Ea6HIi Y "TBOp6H pHje lJH" yonIlITe He nOMHFbe oBaj CYIPHKC, .!l:OK CTeBaHOBHIi Y CBOjOj rpaMaTHUH OBaKBe npH.!l:eBe 06paljyje caMO y,neJIy 0 CHHTaKCH, Y nornaBILy ,,
309
3.26.1. OHO Y lJeMY ce CBIf aYTOpH CJ1a)l(Y jecre .!l:a cy YMHO)l(aBaJI,y npIfJ.\eBa Ha -liii MHoro .!l:OnpHHenH CTPaHIf YTHuajH, 6HJ10 H3 pYCKor (06H ILe UHTaTa H3 npeBO.!l:a ):(aje CTeBaHOBHfi 1949:75-80), HeMa'iKOr (MHHo BHIi 1978:59, PaMenMajep 1975:105-106), IPpaHuycKor (CTeBaHoBHIi Ha cTP. 66 nOMHH>e CKepmwa Kao nHcua KOjH je y OBOM norJ1e.!l:Y 6HO ,,n0J.\ YTHuajeM CTPaHHX je3HKa, cneUHjaJIHO IPpaHuycKor"), a y HaIlIe .!l:06a CBa KaKO H eHrnecKor. 168 To ce, HapaBHO, He O):(HOCH Ha jeJ.\HY MaJIY rpyny npH .!l:eBa KOjH MOry HMaTH H HeoJ.\pe~eHH BH.l{ (Ha -Ii), KOjH cy 3a6ene)l(eHH Beli KO):( BYKa H KOjH cy "n p a B H n p H .!l:j e B H, j ep 3Ha'le CTBapHy OC06HHY (a He pa,nfhy npHnHcaHY Kao OC06HHY)" (MHHOBHfi, CTP. 69). OBO nOCJIe):(H>e OrpaHHQeH>e 3HalJH y npaKCH Haj'lell1lie .!l:aje 3HalJeILe npH.l{eBa nOMepeao y O.!l:HOCY Ha OHO illTO 6H 6HJJO napTH[(HnCKO 3HalJelLe, Hnp. 6pyli He 'KOjH BPH' Hero 'jaKo 3arpejaH, Bpeo'. TaKBH cy jow H Mozyli (c HeraUHjoM HeMO zyli H CnO)l(eHHUOM C6eMozyli), Befi nOMeHYTO op::xcen H 3aCTapeno cpaMen 'CpaMe)l(JJ)HB' (y PMC H3 TIpas. 1960, 6e3 UHTaTa). 3a HeKOJIHKO ):(pyrHx npH.D:eBa HeH3BeCHO je ):(3 nH HMajy H Heo):(pe~e HH BH.D:. Hoceli je TaKO ,naTO y PMC, aJIH y3 Ha3HaK}' 'caMo y )1(. poJ.IY', 6y ):(yliH ):(a 3Ha'iH 'Koja je y .!l:pyrOM CTaH>Y, 6peMeHHTa': no 3Ha'leH>Y H no BpeMeHY ynoTPe6e jacHo ce pa3JJHKyje 0):( Mo):(epHor lloceliu 'KOjH CJ1Y:>KH Kao HOCalJ', 3a Koje PMC (no):( 2) HaDOMHH>e .!l:a HM3 CaMO oJ.\Pe~eHH BH.l{, a 168 H Y PYCKOM Il Y 3anllJlHHMje3HUIIMa pe'lje 0 npasllM napTlll.lllnHMa, Kojll 3anplka Bajy 3Ha'lel!>e rnaroncKe P8Albe, "OK je Haw jeJllK YCaMJbeH no CBOM reHepanHOM OJ:\P"U3lbY O,ll napmUHmi H OrpaHH'IaB3lbY Ha HCKalHBau.e ..CTaJlHe ocoOHHe".
310
(laufende Rechnung), KOUipfbajyliu Ilexaj (Rollenlager)169, oilaKUla6ajylie O.n:HOCHO oUiexa6ajyne OKOIlUocUiu H .n:pyro. Tpe6a CBaKaKO .n:o.n:aTH H cUiojeliu cilia6, cO)ei)eliu, Ilexeliu, KIle'leliu, 'IY'leliu cUia6 (HnH uOIloxaj: CnOMepeHoM petPepeHlJ.HjoM y O.n:HOCY Ha napTHIJ.HucKy Bpe.n:HocT, 6y.n:ynH .n:a He CTOjH, ce.n:HHT.n:. CTaB Hero qOBeK), 3aTHM 6aiiujyliu 2Ilac, Y6e/1u'la6a
Koje je HaCTa-ITO HajBepoBaTHHje npeBoljeH>eM HeMa':lKor tragend HJlH tPpaH IJ.YCKor portant. C6e6Ui)en je y PMC Talwlje y Heo.n:peljeHoM BH.n:y, ca TJJH IJ.HTaTa Meljy KojHMaje Hje.n:aH H3nonHna: ,,)f(HB [jeJ Kao BapHHIJ.a H HaH3 rJle.n: CBeBH.n:en H cBe3Hajyn". OBaj nOCJle.n:H>H npH.n:eB y pe':lHHKy je .n:aT y \ o.n:peljeHoM BH.n:Y, c6€:suajJnii, IlITO je OtIHrne.n:Ha He.n:OCJle.n:HOCT y O.n:HOCY Ha npeTXo.n:HH. OCTaJIH npH.n:eBH (yKJl)Y':lyjyliH H HeKe KOjH cy CHrypHO CTa pHjer nOCTaH>a, Kao 6yi)ynu, ilie2llenu, ilieK)'nu) jaBJLajy ce caMO Y o.n:pelje HOM BH.n:y. C .n:pyre c'IpaHe, y THTJlOBaHHM npeBo.n:HMa tPHJlMOBa (Ma.n:a He H y TeKCTOBHMa 036HJLHHje KH>H)l(eBHe Bpe.n:HOCTH) nOCJle.n:H>HX ro.n:HHa 3ana 3HJlH CMO Te)l(H,y .n:a ce H OBHM npH.n:eBHMa y npe.n:HKaTy .n:a Heo.n:peljeHH BH.n:: ,,3aHcTaje 3ac'Ipamyjyli", "Pe3yJlTaT je 6HO H3HeHaljyjyn", "HHje 6am 3a.n:HBJLyjyn" H CJlH':IHO. Ma KOJlHKO cyMH>HBe npaBHJlHOCTH, OBaKBH 06J1H IJ.H cy nOTBp.n:a .n:a ce npH.n:eBH Ha -liii yKJl)yqyjy Meljy OCTaJIe npH.n:eBe, KO.n: KOjHX je - 6ap Ka.n: cy onHCHH no 3Ha':leH>Y - He3aMHCJlHB o.n:peljeHH BH.n: y npe.n:HKaTY (ceM y .n:Ba-'IpH H3Y3eTKa Kao MatlU, 6e/1UKU).
3.26.2. HeMa cYMH>e .n:a cy npH.n:eBH Ha -liii peJiaTHBHO HOBa nojaBa y je3HKY. IIoqeJlH cy ce yMHO)l(aBaTH, no.n: Ben nOMeHyTHM C'IpaHHM YTHIJ.ajH Ma, y.n:pyroj nOJlOBHHH XIX BeKa. "Taj ce npOIJ.ec HaCTaBJLa H y 20. CTOJLe liy, a noce6Ho je eBH.n:eHTaH y nOCJLe.n:H>HX 'IpH.n:eCeTaK ro.n:HHa", nHille MH HOBHD 1978:57. Ha C'Ip. 69 HCTH aYTop .n:o.n:aje: ,,360r Tor H>HXOBOr CKopa IIIH>er nOCTaH>a OHH ce HHCY jOill caCBHM YCTaJIHJlH y je3HKY Kao noce6He pHjeqH ••• HHCY jOili OqBPCJlH Kao noce6Ha, CaMOCTaJIHa JleKCH':IKa rpyna." C 063HpOM Ha TO, a H Ha XpOHH':IHy cnopOCT H HeaKTyeJlHOCT Haille JleKCH KorpatPHje, HHje qy.n:o IlITO cy OHH KpajH>e Hea.n:eKBaTHO perHC'IpOBaHH y pe'IHHIJ.HMa. IIperne.n: HHKOJlHlieBOr OPC] nOKa3yje .n:a ce TaKO 06H':IHe pe qH Kao 36e'leliu, KIle'leliu, 6.Ilai)ajynu, Ilyiliajyliu, 36y1Oyjyliu, 3aou6/byjyliu, 3aupeuamnyjyliu, U3ueua~yjyliu, 3a6pu1Oa6ajynu H .n:pyre HaJIa3e caMO y pe':lHHKy CAHY a He H y PMC. M opxnyliu je .n:aTO caMO y PCAHY, .n:OK 06 nHKa i)pmliyliu HeMa HH y je.n:HOM peqHHKY, HaKO cy BHIlIe npHMepa 3a H>era HaBo.n:HJlH CTeBaHOBHn 1949:72-73 H MHHoBHn 1978:57. IIpH.n:eBe Kao
YMupyjyliu, o'lapa6ajyliu, y:JlCaca6ajyliu, y3UeMUpa6ajyliu, UIlyiliajynu, ua i)upyliu H .n:pyre 3a6ene:lKH0 je TeK noplje OTaIlleBHn y CBOjOj CTy.n:HjH 0 HeOJlOrH3MHMa. ,l(06po n03HaTH npH.n:eB UIlo6eliu HHje ce Hailiao HH y je.n: HOM peqHHKy.
3.26.3. OBaKBe neKcHKorpatPcKe IIpa3HHHe YTOJlHKO ce Te)l(e Mory npaB.n:aTH mTO cy nojeJl:HHH npH.n:eBH Ha -liii CaCTaBHH .n:eo o.n:aBHO yCTa.n.e HHX tPPa3eOJlOrH3aMa. MHHoBHn 1978:72 nOMHH>e 6uceliu Mocili, 6pumyliu Ileili, lUlU3ajyliu (HJlH KIlu:JICynu) ciliapili, UIlu6ajyliu K)'pc, oC6lj)e:JICa6ajyne iiulie, Zatloiiupajyliy iliy6epK)'llo3y, UIlo6enu i)OK (qeCTO je H ii. o6jeKaili),3e Mlby U3ila3eliez cyulJa; PaMenMajep 1975:105-106 HaBo.n:H Kao BepoBaTHe npeBe.n:eHHIJ.e H3 HeMa':lKOr ope'leliy 60jy (schreiende Farbe), UieK)'liu pa'lyu
311
CyIjlIlKC aIJ.llja
TBop6a PC'll! Y caspcMeHoM CpnCKOM je311KY
jylie cUiaKllo, ocuzypa6ajyliu 3a6oi), o6pyma6ajyliu IlW, jouU3y;ylia 3pa'le 1Oa, PYK06oi)eliu Kaoap H jOill HeKOJlHKO BHIlIe HJIH MaH>e tPHKCHHX H3pa3a. 3.26.4. ,l(a 6HCMO ynomYHHJIH CJIHKY 0 IIpO.n:YKTHBHOCTH H BIDKHOCTH OBor CytPHKca y caBpeMeHoM je3HKY, HaBe.n:HMO npe CBem IIpH.n:eBe IDHPO Kor, anc'IpaKTHOr 3Ha':leH>a Kao IlITO cy ui)yliu, CIlei)eliu (Clbe-), 6yi)yliu,
upei)ciliojeliu, uaciliyiiajyliu, iiocUiojenu, 6a:JICeliu, 6oi)eliu, oozo6apajynu, oOIlY'lyjynu, pacUiyliu, oiiaoajyliu, 3aTHM OHe CneIJ.HtPHqHHje Kao uyUiyjyliu, Ileilieliu, lle6oenu, c(0)eiillZenu, YMlPyliu, iip(uj)eilienu, oxpa6pyjyliu, 3aiia 1Oyjyliu, 3a21lyil/byjynu, 3acilipamyjyliu, 3a0060fba6ajyliu, pa3o'lapa6ajyliu, iiouu:JICa6ajyli~ OiiOMU1Oyli~ oiiUiyxyjyli~ 3a'ly~yjyliu, 3a21lymyjyn~ 3a CIleii/byjynu (3aClbe-), oKpeii/byjynu, o6e1la6ajynu (y HOBHje BpeMe CBe ':Ie IlIne, Kao IIpeBo.n: eHfnecKof promising), Y3 nOHeKe o.n: fJIaraJia C'IpaHor no peKJIa Kao poiliupajyliu, iiYllcupajyliu, tjJpycUipupajyliu frustrating).
«
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BeliHHa H>HX 3a.n:OBOJLaBa YCJlOB "CTaJIHe oco6HHe" Ha KOMe cy HHCH CTHPaJIH EeJIHn H CTeBaHOBHD, a nOHeKHMa 6H ce Morao HaIiH eKBHBaJleHT C 1'pa.n:HIJ.HOHaJIHHM npH.n:eBCKHM cytPHKcHMa, Hnp. 3a21lymyjynu = 3arny IlIaH, o6a6e3yjyliu = o6ase3aH, upeo6.llaljyjyliu IIpeTe)l(aH, Y36yljyjynu = Y36YJl:.1LHB H CJI. M .n:a.n.e je Ha CHa3H npaBHJIO .n:a je Morylie lleUielia pu6a, lleUienu Uia1Oup, lleUienu o6jeKaUi H CJI. ca 3Ha':leH>eM CTaJIHe oco6HHe, y3 TO lleUienu oopei) H CJl. CnOMepeHHM 3HaqeH>eM, aJID He *iiUiulJe lleUiene ua ue6y H CJI. MnaK 1'pe6a npH3HaTH .n:a npH.n:eBH Kao pacUiyliu, oiiaoajynu, 6a xeliu, YMupynu, iipei)cUiojeliu, uacUiyuajyliu H .n:pyrH HMajy, 6ap y HeKHM KOHTeKCTHMa, napTHIJ.HncKy Bpe.n:HOCT Koja no IlIKOIICKOj rpaMaTHIJ.H HHje 6HJla .n:03BOJLeHa. TaKBO je H 2ociiiyjyliu, H3pa3 BPJIO qecr y Me.n:HjHMa, a 3a 6ene)l(eH .n:o ca.n:a je.n:uHO y OPCJ. CaMO Kao HMeHHIJ.a yUO'Ipe6JLaBa ce iipeocO)eoa6ajyliu.
3.26.5. IIpetPHKcaJIHO-cytPHKCaJIHa TBopeHHIJ.aje H.epljajyliu (y peqHH KY CAHY: CTBOpeHO y HOBHje BpeMe Kao ycnena 3aMeHa 3a repMaHH3aM pocUitjJpaj). MUMoxooeliu H MUMOUpOIla3eliu MomH 6H ce CBpCTaTH 6HJIO y IICT HJlH Y CnO)l(eHHIJ.e. Haj6pojHHje cy CIIO)l(eHHlJ,e C npHJIoroM Ha OPBOM 169 Kao IllTO HanOMIIII>e MimOBIlIi (1978:73), OBO je caCIIHM H3Y3eTaH cnyqaj IIpH.ll.C Ba 0,1:\ nospamor marona (l
312
Tsop6a pe'IH y C3SpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3Hlty
Cy$HKCaJlHja
313
MeCTY, ,n06PHM ,neJIOM OCnOH>eHe Ha C'l'paHe y30pe: CII060iJHoMuClleliu (CTe
y rrapy C OCHOBHHM rrpH,neBOM. JeiJuHlllliU ce y OBOM peQHHKY ,netPHHHUle BaHoBHn 1949:69 ra UHTHpa H3 je,nHor BYKoBor rrHCMa KorrHTapy), iJ06po HarrpOCTO 'je,nHHH' H KO,n H>era ce He nOMHlhe pe,nynnHKaUHja. :JICelleliu (KO,n CKepJIHna, ibidem: MO)K,na rrpeBo,n naTHHfl3Ma 6eHe80lleHiUaH
"-i HJIH HeMa"lKOr wohlwollend), iJ06pociUojeliu (y pe"lHHKy Cl~HY: yrr. HTaJIH
3.28.. Ha -..-HjaT PMC ,naje :JICu8lfUjaiU (= )KHBuaT), lIPH'1ujaiU (y HC jaHcKo benestante, HCTOr 3Ha"leH>a), iJyzo:JICueeliu (y petlHHKY KJIajH 1992), TOj o,npe,nHHUH ca lIPllllaiU), ,nOK 3al,fy,n0 He 6eJIe)KH no.qje,nHaKO 06H'IHe jeiJuHocflacaeajyliu (PCAHY), jeiJuHoea:JICeliu, 6p30iJO)ellyjyliu, cuo HoeliujaiU (= HOBuaT) H 3iJpaeliujaiU (= 3,npaBuaT) (HMa HX PCAHY). poiJO)e.tlyjyliu (cBe y OPC] H3 rpal)e n. OTaUleBHna), 6p30zopeliu H ciiopo zopeliu (y OPC]: 06H'IHO 0 tPHTHJhHMa), oiiwiUeea:JICeliu HT,n. Ca 3aMe 3.29. -U.HT je pel)a BapHjaHTa o,n -l4aiU, ca HCTHM 3HaQeH>eM H yno'l'pe HHqKHM rrpBHM ,nenOM cy Ben rroMeHym ceeeuiJeli(u}, cee3Hajyli(u} H cee Mozyli, ,noKje OTaUleBHn 3a6eJIe)KHO H ceeea:JICeliu, ceeYHuwiUaeajyliu, ca 60M Kao H OH. PMC 6ene)KH uYHlIUiU, CJlM.'1uiU, 1108IIuiU, 3iJpaelluiU, lIO}e.n MOYHuwiUaeajyliu (yrr. eHrJI. self-destructive), caMoofliUY:JICyjyliu HT,n. Ca '1uiU, ZOIl'1uiU, upae'1uiUu (o,npe!jeHo), co8'1uiU, ynynyjybH HX Ha 06JIHKe ca .. HMeHHUOM y npBoM ,neJIY je o,naBHO pacnpoc'l'paH>eHO cPl1eilapajyliu (Bepo -liaiU. Y pe,nynmIKaUHjaMa, 3iJpa8 3iJpa8lluiU H CtlM CaM'1uiU cy 06HtlHHjH BaTHO o,n HeM. herzzerreissentf). TllaeHoKoMaHiJyjyliu, pycH3aM H3 BojHor Hero 06JI1iUH Ha -'1iiiU, BepOBaTHO 360r ,nHCHMHnaUHje npeMa BOKaJIY a y pe"lHHKa, ynO'Ipe6JhaBa ce npere)KHo Kao HMeHHua. OCHOBH (B. HBHn M. 1995:321).
~
°
3.27. nOCTaHKY eJIaTHBHOr CytPHKca -..-iT CKOK je BepoBaTHo HMao HeKy TeopHjy, 6y,nynH ,na y pe"lHHKY rro,n -11t! (rrpHJIOUlKH CytPHKC) Ka)Ke: "CyrJIaCHHI{ '1 je HCTor nOCTaH>a Kao y caMl1aiU (B.)." TIo,n ciiMl, Mel)YTHM, caMO HaBo,nH 06JIHKe ciiM ClzM'1aiU(U) H CtiM clzM'1UiU, Ha3HBajynH HX arrco JIymHM cynepJIaTHBOM, 6e3 ,npyrHX o6jaUlH>eH>a; je,nHaKO nocTyna H noon Hoe, upae, 3iJpoe H UYH. YBepJhHBY H HcupnHO 06pa3JIO)KeHY eTHMOJIOrHjy ,naJIa je TeK MHJIKa I1BHb (I1BHb M. 1995:327-331). OHa nona3H o,n npH,ne Ba KPl1aiU, KojHje Kao noja"lalLe ,no,naBaH npu.neBy ilYH. YCJIe,n TeH,neHUHje Ka eKcnpecHBHoj pe.nynnHKaUHjH npH,neBa, H3pa)KeHe y rrpHMopCKHM rOBO pHMa o,n XVI BeKa Ha,naJhe, iiyH KP'1aiU je 3aMeH>eHO ca UYH UYH'1aiU. TIo aHaJIoriijH, a H noon YTHuajeM TypcKor pe,nynJIHKaQHoHor 06pacua Kao y yen; 'HOB' > yepyeni 'HOB HOBuaT', rrOTOM cy CTBOpeHe HCTe TaKBe H3Be,ne HHue H o,n Hoe, CaM, 3iJpae H ,npyrHx rrpH,neBa. I1BHneBa HCTHl,fe (CTp. 323-324),na cy TO CBe je,nHOCJIO)KHH npu.neBH: TO B3)KH H 3a 6eo H lIeo, KO jH cy y HOMHHaTHBY 3aMeHHJIH II ca 0, aJIH ,nO Te tPoHeTCKe rrpOMeHe HHje ,nOUlJIO y H3Be,neHHQH (HHje nOCBe,nOl,feHO *6eoliaiU HH *lIeOl1aiU). PMC 6eJIe)KH neTHaeCT OBaKBHX H3Be,neHHua: ilYHl1aiU, CaM'1aiU, H08l1aiU, 3iJpa8l1aiU, :JICuel1aiU, '10}e.tll1aiU, 60)e.nllaiU, I1pH'1aiU (c BapHjaHToM I1pHliujaiU), ZOlll1aiU, cyel1aiU, flpa811aiUu (y o,np. BH,ny),jeiJuH'1aiU (H3Y3eT HO o,n ,nBOCJIO)KHOr npu.neBa), peTKO ciUapl1aiU 'BeOMa cTap, caCBHM cTap', o,n 3aMeHHue cael1aiU H o,n pe,nHor 6poja ilpe'1aiUu (y o,np. BH,ny). MapeTHn 1963:371 je rrHcao: "OBH ce npHJ:ijeBH He rOBope caMH, Ben caMO 3a rrojal,fa lLe OHHMa, o,n KOjHX cy H3Be,neHH; Ha np. ro rOJIUaT, CaM diMUaT H T. ,n." TaKBa ynoTpe6a CBaKaKO je Hajl,feUlna, aJIH HHje Hje,nHHa Moryba. PMC 6e JIe)KH caMO upeu UP8'1aiUu, cye (cyx) cyeliaiU H ciUap ciUapliaiU Kao 06aBe 3He pe,nYDJIHKaUHje, ,nOK 3a OCTaJIe peqH K3)Ke,na cy ,,06HQHO" HJIH ,,"IeCTO"
1 ~.'I ~I
II
·1 i
I 'II :!
3.30. Hy.llTIl CytPHKC (-8) jaBJha ce rOTOBO y CBHM THnOBHMa CJIO)KeHHX npu.neBa: BH,ll;H y,neny 0 CJIara.H.y o,neJhKe 3.1.1, 3.1.3.2, 3.2.1.1, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.3, 3.3.1,3.3.3,3.3.4,3.4.1.1,3.4.2, 3.4.3, 3.6.1.2, 3.6.3 H 3.7.1. 3HaTHo je MlIH>e y06HlJajeH y opetPHKCaJIHO-cytPHKcaJIHoj TBOp6H, aJIH H TY HaJIa3HMO rrpHMepe Kao 6e3)l6, 6e3UMeH (B. y,nerry 0 npetPHKcauujH o,neJhaK 3.3.1.2), 8aHepeMeH (3.3.2), upuepeM€H (3.3.19), Ca8peMeH, cyepeMeli (3.3.23).
4. IIPH)l;EBCKH CY
4.0. TIpu.neBcKH CytPHKCH HHCY HHKa,na HCKJhyqHBO C'l'paHor nopeKJIa, Kao UlTO MOry 6HTH KO,n HMeHHua, Hero ce cacToje H3 ,nBa ,nena. TIPBH ,neo, je,nHOCJIO)KaH HJIH ,nBOCJIO)KaH, nOpeKJIOM je H3 rp'lKOr HnH JIaTHHCKor (Ma ,na npHMJheH Hajl,feUllie rrpeKO Mo,nepHHX 3arra,nHoeBponCKHX je3HKa), a Ha lLera ce Ha,nOBe3yje ,nOManH CytPHKC -(a}HI-Hii HnH -cKii (-'lKii). 3a pa3JIHKy o,n HMeHHl,fKHX, rrpu.neBcKH tTpaHH CytPHKCH rOTOBO HHKa,n HeMajy cneQH tPHl,fHO 3Hal,felLe, Hero cJIy)Ke rrpe CBera Kao tPOPMaHTH 3a cnajaILe OCHOBe ca -(a}H O,nHOCHO ca -cKii. To HnaK He 3Ha'lH ,na fIX MO)KeMO 3a06HOO, jep TBop6eHa aHaJIH3a no,npa3YMeBa onHC KaKO 3Ha'lelLa TaKO H 06JIHKa H3Be ,neHe pe'lH. Y HopMaTHBHoj opaKcH ce qecTO nOCTaBJhajy nHTalLa 0 TOMe KaKO 'Ipe6a H3BecTH npu.neB o,n ,naTe C'l'paHe HMeHH~e {Hnp.. uHl1eciUHU, UH lIeciUYaAaH, uHl1eciUyo3aH} HJIH KaKBaje pa3JIHKa, no 3Ha'leH>Y H rrpaBHJIHO CTH, y napOBHMa Kao iJoZMaiUcKu - iJoZMaiUu'laH, iJujaAeKaiUcKU - iJuja lleKiUaAaH, KeaAuiUemaH - K8aAuiUaiUu8aH, ciUpyKfiiypHU - CiUpYKiUypa llaH H MHOrHM ,npyrHM.
314
TBop6a pe'iH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKy
CyljlHKCaJlHja
4.1.2.
Je'!{HHH n03ajMJLeHH npH,!{eBH KOjH Mory ,!{a 4lYHKIl;HOHHIllY 6e3 ,!{o ,!{aTKa '!{oMalier CY41HKca jecy OHH ca OCHOBOM Ha -H, KaO cuoHiliaH, CY8epeH,
315
-YaJl(a)H, BapHjaHTa OJ{ -iin(a}H, J{OJIa3H Ha MaH.H 6poj HMeHH
Il;a MYIliKor pOJ{a, JlaTHHCKOr nOpeKJIa, Kao y UpOljeHmya.rzaH, KOHljeumya
UMyH, OUOpiliyH, 0 KojHMa CMO rOBOpHJIH no,!{ 3.4.10.
Ba, HajBeliHM ,!{eJlOM OJ{HOCHH, Kao y tjJeyoa.rzaH, KOlloHuja.rzaH, UMuepuja
llaH, uHilie.tleKmya.rzaH, ceKcya.rzaH (ca rrpeljlHKCaJIHHM TBOpeHHI.~aMa 6uceK cya.rzaH, xOMoceKcya.rzaH, xemepoceKCYaJlaH, ilipaHcceKcya.rzaH), meKcmya llaH (nopeJ{ ilieKciliye.tlaH), upoljecya.rzaH (nopeJ{ UP0ljeCHU), y3 peTKe H He jacHo MOTHBHCaHe uyHKiliya.rzaH H zpaoYaJlaH. He cna.n;ajy OBaMO uHiJU8UOY a.rzaH H MeHciUpya.rzaH, y KojHMa -y- npHJIa.n;a OCHOBH, Kao HH HeMOTHBHca HH CeH3ya.rzaH, e8eHmya.rzaH, 8upiliya.rzaH H CJl.
llaH, iliepuiliopuja.rzaH, KOHiliuHeHilia.rzaH, opujeHilia.rzaH, e23ucilieHljuja.rzaH, uepcoHa.rzaH, upoljeoypa.rzaH, oujeilia.rzaH, ceMecilipa.rzaH, cuHouKa.rzaH (ca
4lpaHuycKor.l 71 HaJIa3HMO ra caMO y meKcmye.tlaH (nopeJ{ meKciUya.rzaH) H
\,
Ca H3Y3eTKOM MaJIo6pojHHX xH6pH..l{a, c1paHH Cy41HKCH '!{OJIa3e Ha c1paHe (npeTe)KHO rp'lKe H JlaTHHcKe), H TO roTOBO yseK HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe.
4.1.
-An(a)H je o,!{ KaCHOJlaTHHCKHX rrpHJ{eBa Ha -alis (OJ{HOCHO He
Ma'lKHX, 4lpaHIl;ycKHX, eHrJIeCKHX Ha
-aT).
IIpHJ{eBH cy OJ{ HMeHH'IKHX OCHO
OKpH.eHOM OCHOBOM) HTJ{. IIoHeKH cy onWTHjer, anc1paKTHOr 3Ha'leH.a Kao
Mailiepuja.rzaH, tjJopMa.rzaH, ljeHilipa.rzaH, UHou8uoya.rzaH; MHOrH rrpHna.n;ajy CTPy'lHHM TepMHHOJlOrHjaMa, Kao cilipyKiliypa.rzaH (nopeJ{ ciliPYKiliypHU C '!{oMaliHM Cy41HKCOM), ouja.rzeKilia.rzaH (rropeJ{ ouja.rzeKaUlcKU), eKcuepUMeH ilia.rzaH, UHcilipYMeHUla.rzaH, XopMoHa.rzaH (nopeJ{ XOpMOHCKU), apiliepuja.rzaH (nopeJ{ apiliepujcKU), tjJU3uKa.rzaH (c MeJ{HIl;HHCKHM 3Ha'leH.eM, 3a pa3JlHKy OJ{ npHJ{eBa tjJU3UltKU), 6poHXUja.rzaH 170 HTJ{. H3BecTaH 6poj npHJ{eBa CTeKao je onHCHO, qeCTO H a41eKTHBHO 3Ha'leH.e, Be3aHO 3a CeMaHTHKY caMe HMe HHIl;e: TaKBH cy ilieailipa.rzaH (3a pa3JlHKy OJ{ UleamapcKU = n030pHIllHH), MY3UKa.rzaH (3a pa3JIHKy OJ{ MY3UltKU), zeHuja.rzaH, euoxa.rzaH, tjJeHOMeHa.rzaH, ilipujYMtjJa.rzaH, KailiacilipotjJa.rzaH, HopMa.rzaH, uapaOoKca.rzaH, KapuKailiypa llaH HT,!{. Ca 3HaqeH.eM 06JIHKa je UUPQMUOa.rzaH. IIoce6aH nOMeH 3ac.lI)')KY.jy XH6pH..!{H0 6YK8a.rzaH (H3 pYCKor) H pe8Uja llaH, Koje je rro CBeMY cYJ{efiH J{OMaha TBOpeBHHa, nolllTO TaKBor npH..l{eBa OJ{ HMeHHIl;e revue HeMa y 4lpaHUYCKOM HHTIf y .zwymM 3a.na,n;HHM je3HIl;HMa. Ha -'M(a}H HMa jOIll ,!{OCTa npH..l{eBa KOjH cy HeMOTHBHCaHH, 6HJIO J{a OCHOBa He nOCTojH y HailleM je3HKy (Hnp. zeHepa.rzaH, cileljuja.rzaH, 8epmUKa.rzaH, Ileza llaH, llu6epa.rzaH HTJ{.) HJIH J{a 3Ha'leH.e HMeHHIl;e He O,!{rOBapa 3Ha'leH.Y npH ,!{eBa, Kao y XOpU30Hilia.rzaH, tjJpOHma.rzaH, uampujapxa.rzaH H CJI. CJIO)KeHH Cy41HI
4.1.1. -lIjiJJ(a)H, KaO ..l{y)Ka BapHjaHTa OJ{ -'M(a}H, HaJIa3H ce caMO y eK8ailiopuja.rzaH, KOllezuja.rzaH (npB06HTHO OJ{ KOllezuj[yM], aJIH J{aHac Haj qellllie Be3aHO 3a HMeHHUY KOlleza) H y rpaMaTH'IKOM TepMHHy a08ep6uja llaH. lDerOBY BapHjaHTY -HjenaH HMaMO caMO y UpUHIjUuuje.tlaH, C HeraIl;H jOM HeUPUHIjUuuje.tlaH H IIC TBOpeHHIl;OM 6ecilpUHljuuuje.tlaH. IIpHJ{eBH Kao KOlloHuja.rzaH, iliepuiliopzya.rzaH H CJI. HMajy CY41HKC -'M(a}H. 170 Y PMC Y OJlpe~eHOM BIiJIY, fJPOHXUjQIIHU. Kocmli 1953 2:309 je JlOKa3I1BaO Jla 611 Tpe63JT0 peliH fJpOHXQllaH, ,jep ce rpaJIH OJI pe'ill bronchus ... y JlaTHHcKoj MeJlIIL\IIHcKoj TepMIIHoJlorHjH He nOCTojH HMeHHL\a bronchia", 3JT1I TaKaB 06J1HK HHje npHxBaheH, OCHM MOll(Jl.S Y XPBaTCKOj (B. PHllI'iHIi 1953:112).
4.1.3.
:
;"
-YeJl(a)8 je BapHjaHTa npeTXOJ{Hor Cy41HKCa, npHMJI,eHa npeKo
y HejacHo MOTHBHCaHHMa aKmye;zaH H zpaoye.tlaH (= rpa..!{yaJIaH). HeMoTH BHcaHH cy 8U3ye.tlaH, 8upmye;zaH, MaHye;zaH.
4.1.4. Y
-uoHiII(a)H cy J{Ba JIaTHHCKa 4l0pMaHTa cnojeHa C je,llHHM
J{OMaliHM. 0Baj CY41HKC J{OJIa3H Ha pe,llyKoBaHe OCHOBe HMeHHIl;a Ha -uja:
pezuoHa.rzaH, HaljUOHMaH (ca IIC TBOpeH~aMa HJIH CJlO)KeHHIl;aMa HaoHa IjUOHa.rzaH, jeoHOHaIjUoHa.rzaH, 8UUleHaljUOHaJlaH HTJ{.), tjJYHKIjUoHa.rzaH, ilipaOUIjUoHa.rzaH, KOH8eHIjUOHa.rzaH, ceH3aIjUOHaJlaH, eMOIjUOHa.rzaH, upo UOpljuoHa.rzaH, upotjJecuOHaJlaH, KOHtjJecuoHa.rzaH (H 8uUleKoHtjJecuOHaJlaH HT,lI.), OUMeH3UoHa.rzaH (yrJIaBHOM y CJIOJKeHHIl;aMa cajeoHo-, 080- HT,lI.), y3 jOIll HeKOJlHKO peljHX.
4.2.
Ha -aHT(a)8, OJ{ JIaTHHCKor napTHIl;HDa npe3eHTa (yn. J{OJle H
-eHm{a}H), 06pa3yje ce MaH.H 6poj npH..l{eBa OJ{ OCHOBa rnarOJIa Ha -upamu: UlOKaHmaH, 6pU/bQHiliaH, oOMuHaHmaH, tjJpauaHiUan, a.rzapMaHmaH, Ulap MaHiliaH, uHilipuzaHmaH, tjJacquHaHmaH, XaJlYIJuHaHmaH HTJ{. 3HaTHo je Ma H.e H3BeJ{eHHIl;aOJ{ rnaroJla Ha -08amU (uHmepecanmaH) H OHHX Ha -ucamu (iliollepaHmaH). Y OCHOBH MO)Ke J{OliH J{O rnaCOBHHX IIpOMeHa Koje BOJ{e nopeKJlo H3 C1paHHX je3HKa, Kao y pucKaHmaH (HacnpaM pecKUpamu BJlB pU3uK08ailiu) HJIH UMU03aHmaH (HacnpaM UMuoH08amu). HeMOTHBHCaHH cy apozaHiliaH, uUKaHmaH, HOHUla.rzaHmaH H J{pyru.
4.3.
-Ap(a)H je aHaJIOrHO CY41HKCY -'M(a}H
(y JIaTHHCKOM je -aris np
B06HTHO HaCTaJIO Kao BapHjaHTa OJ{ -alis), caMO WTO ce jaBJLa y MaH.eM 6pojy peQH, npeTe)KHo C1py'lHHX rro 3HaQeH.y: OUCljUilIIUHapaH, cmamyma paH, UPOilioKoJZapaH, oetjJuljUiliapaH, cytjJUIjUmapaH, KOH3YllapHU, MOHe iliapHu, xuuoilieKapHU, ma6e;zapaH, MOlleKyllapaH, oOKmpuHapaH, ilIIane
e,
171 Pe'iHIIL\H ra JI;YY CJlYrllM -yen.(a)H, aJIH je nHTaH.e KOJIIIKO Ta J\YJKHHS nocrojH Y CTBapHOM rOBOpy. QHa He OWOBapa HH eTHMOJIornjH cyljlHKCa. jep JlOK -ii.tt(a)H HMa JIYro a npeMa JlaTHHCKOM -iilis, ljIPaHlIYCKO -el (y :>!c. POJly welle) H3pa3HTO je KpaTKo.
316
CyQ>H«Cal.(llja
TBop6a pe'lH y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je:nll(y
wapaHl72 H CJI., a noce6Ho o):{ HMeHHua Ha -MeH(a)w: eAe.MeHWapa1/, OOKy MeHwapaH,
11 OB):{e, HeneMO cMaTpaTH M3Be):{eHMuaMa npH):{eBe KOjH cy HeMomBH caHH y cpnCKOM, Kao iioiiYJlapaH, 6YllZapall, COJlUOapaH, azpapHu H cn. Ca 3aMylieHoM MOTHBauHjOM H H3MelheHHM OCHOBaMa cy JlUHeapaH (yn. JlUHUj CKU) H HyKAeapaH (cBaKaKO He ,je3rpeHH, je3fpHH, je):{peHH" KaKO ra TYMa '1M ByjaKJIHja, jep je CTBapHO 3Haqelhe MHOro WHpe H Be3yje ce 3a aTOM yonwTe, pa):{HOaKTHBHOCT H cpO):{He nojaBe). CnO)KeHH CYCPHKCH:
4.3.1. AHaJIOrHO cyqlHKCY -uoHM(a)H je
~HoHap(a)H, y peaKlluoHa
paH, pe60JlYLIUOHapaH (KoHwpape60/ZYLIUOHapaH, iipeOpe60JlYLIUOHapHu) PeTKOM 6U3uoHapaH (06H'IHHje je 6U3uoHapcKu).
H
y
4.3.2. 0 CYCPHKCY -uTap(a)H BepoBaTHo MO)KeMO rOBopHTH y I1pH):{e BHMa iUoiUMuiUapaH H XYMaHUWapaH, 6Y):{yliH ):{a 6HCMO HX MOTHBHCaJIH npH.D:eBHMa WOiUMaH O):{HOCHO xyMaH, npe Hero Hey06H'IajeHHM HMeHHD.a Ma iUoiUMuiUeal O):{H. XYMallUweal. HeMoTHBHcaHH cy YHualapaH, eZMU alapaH, yalUJlUWapaH HT):{., na H ayalopuwapaH, ImjH ce no cMHcny He Be 3yje 3a ayiliopa, a caMO ):{eJIHMH'IHO 3a aywopuwew (o):{ OBor ):{p)'Tor npaBa H3Be):{eHHua je ayalopuiUaalu6aH).
4.4. -EHT(a)u je aHaJIOfHO CYCPHKCy -aHal(a)H (rope, 4.2), aJIH ce ja BJLa y 3HaTHO Mau,eM 6pojy pe'lH. fJIarOJIHMa Ha -upawu o):{roBapajy ypzeH waH,
317
4.5. -KBaH (naT. -ivus) KaTKa):{ ):{ona3H ua OCHOBe HMeHHua MYWKor po):{a, Kao y 06jeKwu6aH, cy6jeKiUu6aH, UHci1illHKwu6aH, iipozpeCU6aH, HJIH • Y rpaMaTH'fKOM TepMHHY upeOUKawU6aH (= upe):{HKaTHH). 3HaTHO 'fewne ):{~na3H Ha OCHOBe HMeHHua Ha -uja (6el Tor c:ycpHKca), Kao y cyzeciUU6aH, eKCUJl03U6a~ eKciiaH3U6all, Kop03U6aH, cy66e.f6U6a~ KOH6YJl3U6aH,azpecu 6aH, oeiipeCU6aH, peupecU6aH, UMupeCU6aH BT):{. 3a OCHOBe HMeHHUa Ha -lluja, II ce 3aMeu,yje ca w: e.MOiiiU6aH, Ullwyuiiiu6aH, e60Jlyiliu6aH, UH6eH wU6aH, KOHcii1pYKwu6aH, oecwpYKiiiu6aH, iipOOYKalu6aH, peiipooyKiUu6aH, oecKpuiiiiiu6au, ipuKwu6aH, pecwpuKwu6aH H cn. AKwu6aH 6H ce Morno H3BO):{HTH 6Hno O):{ aKlluja HJIH O):{ aKiii. He 6HCMO MornH cMaTpaTH H3Be):{e HHD.aMa npH.D:eBe Kao ii03uwu6aH, oeipuHUWUtItlH, ayoualu6aH, eKciieouwu 6aH, HaCnpaM KOjHX nOCTojH HMeHHD.a Ha -lluja (uo3Ulluja HT):{.), aJIH C6HT HO ):{PYK'IHjHM 3Ha'lelbeM Hero npH):{eB. IIpH):{eBH K6(1JluiiiawU6aH, K6aHiiiuiiiawU6au. ayiliopuwaalu6aH H3Be ):{eHH cy O):{ K6(1Jlualew, K6aHwuwew, aymopuwew Y3 npOMeHY e > a y OCHOBH. HeMOTHBHcaHH cy npH.D:eBH uacu6aH, UHiiieH3U6aH, JlaCIIU6aH H ):{py rHo He cna):{ajy no):{ osaj CYCPHKC npH.D:eBH Kao oipaH3U6aH, uepciieKiUu6aH, KOJleKiiiu6aH, HHTH rpaMam'lKH TepMHHH Kao UHipUHUiiiu6HU, zeHUWU6HU HT):{., jep y IhHMa -U6- npHfia):{a OCHOBH, a Cy$HKC je -(a)H.
4.5.1. -ATHB(a)H je ):{~a BapHjaHTa O.ll. -ii6(a)H • .lJ.ona3H Ha aeHOBe rnarona Ha -ucawu (UHipopMaalu6aH, uHciiupaiiiu6aH, oeKopaWU6aH, oeK./l.a paWU6aH, ciUuMYJlaiUu6au, KOll3ep6aiiiu6aH, 1IliieK)'.IIllWU6aH (ciie-], ouepa iiiU6aH, zeHepaWU6aH HT):{.), OHHX Ha -upaiiiu (KpeaWU6aH, (1Jliiiepnaiiiu6aH, HopMaiiiu6aH, HezawU6au, 6e2eiiiawu6aH, MetNmaalu6aH, aOMUHuciUpaiiiu 6aH HT):{.) H nOHeKor Ha -06aiiiu (un.yCiiipaiiiu6aH, peiipe3eHiiiawu6aH). Y npHMepHMa Kao acollujawu6aH, KOMYHUKaWU/J(lH, r):{e ce jaBJLajy cpOHeTCKe pa3JIHKe y nopeijeFhY c rnaroJIOM, MO)K):{a je 60JLe CaMO KOHCTaTOBam 3aje):{ HH'IKY aeHOBY ca HMeHHD.aMa Ha -alluja. Je):{HHO TaKBa MoryliHOCT nocrojH sa npH):{eBe Kao HapaWU6aH, ipeoepawu6aH, KooiiepaiiiU6aH. 3a K6(1Jluiiiaiiiu6au, K6aHwuiUawU6aH, ayiiiopuiiiaiiiu6aH BH):{H rope, 4.5. 4.6. -03(a)n (o):{ naT. -OSUS) HajBHwe je JaCTynJLeHO y C1p)"lHHM Tep MHHHMa Kao zpuu03aH, KaH~p03aH, CKpoipYJl03aH (W.KPO-), MYCKyJl03aH, Me.M6paH03aH, XeJlaiiiUH03aH, MeOUKaMeHiii03aH HT):{. TaKBor nopeKJIa je H uop03aH, aJIH je ):{aHac ):{OHeKJIe H3MeHHJIO 3Ha'lelhe (He BHwe 'KOjH HMa no pe' Hero 'WynJLHKaB' HnH 'nponyCTJLHB') H H3ry6HJlO ):{)')KHHy Ha .!lP)'TOM 0, no yrne):{y Ha ):{OMane npH):{eBe mna iiOpa3aH, uoiiipecaH, ilOKopaH, KOjH cy TaKoije y rpa):{CKOM rOBOpy H3ry6HJIH HeHarnaweHY ~. Y CBaKO ):{HeBHoj ynOTpe6H cy CKaHO(1Jl03aH H llep803all: oBaj )]pyrH 61{ Morao )]a ce
318
Tsop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
H3Be.lle H H3 HMeHHue Hepe03a. Y HOBHje BpeMe jasIDIo ce 2/U1Myp03aH (O,ll,
eHrJI. glamorous, IIITO je npHMJbeHO ca nceY,ll,olj>pauUYCKHM H3rOBopOM Kao
H Y HMeHHUH Z/lOMYP < glamour).
CJIO:lKeHH CyIj>HKCH:
4.6.1. -Hi:i3(a)H (yn. -o3{a}H), Cylj>HKC onHCHor 3HalJeFba, ,ll,OJIa3H y KaUpU'I4U03aH H Ha pe,l{)'KOBaHe OCHOBe HMeHHua Ha -uja: peAU2U03aH (.z:ta Hac npeTe:lKHO ca 3HalJeFbeM 'n060:lKaH', 3a pa3JIHKy o.z:t lJHCTO O.z:tHOCHor npH.z:teBa PeAU2ujCKU), OM6u'I4U03aH, Ui.eH.(JeHf4U03aH, MuCUi.epu03aH, cjJypuo 3aN, 2pa'l4U03aH, cUi.YOU03aH. HeMOTHBHCaHH cy 2paHOU03aH, MUHY'I4U03aH H :; jOIII HeKOJIHKO peljHx.
CyqllfKcallHja
319
'l4eH.Ui.PU'laH, aH.Ui.pOUO'l4eH.Ui.pU'Ian, y3 ilOllU'I4eHUi.pu'Ion Koje ce MO:lKe CMa TPaTH 3a ITCT.
4.7.1. Ca 3aspmeTKOM -u'Ian nocTojH jom MHOro npH.z:teBa, ann cy HJlH nOTnyHo HeMoTHBHcau~ (Kao opacUi.u'IaH., uOeHUi.U'laH, ayUi.eHUi.U'IaH., xpo HU'IaH H CJI.) HJIH Y Haj60JLeM cJIyqajy nocTOjH O,ll, HCTor KopeHa HMeHHua Ha -UKa, Kao y IlO2U'IaH, OUH.l1.MU'IaH. H ,ll,pyrnM npH,ll,eBHMa Koje CMO Ha6po janH no.z:t 3.4.1. CJIO:lKeHH CyIj>HKCH:
4.7.2. -ATH'I(a)H (H3 rplJKor: yn. HMeHHue Ha -aUi.uKa, 2.27.1) .z:tOJIa3H caMO Ha HMeHH1:J:Ke OCHOBe ca 3aBPIIIeTKOM Ha -M. ITopeKJIOM rp'IKH Heyrpy ~j 4.6.2. -Yi:i3(a)H HMaMO y UH'I4ecUi.yo3aH (y pelJHHKy CAHY) H ca PO y MH, Te HMeHHQe MOry KO.z:t Hac 60TH MymKor po,ll,a Ha -M, KaO Y UPOMeMa ~ MONcUi.pyo3aH. CacBHM cy Hey06HlJajeHH cilupuUi.yo3aH ('anKOXOJIaH', y Ui.U'IaH, cucw.eMaUi.U'IaH, cUMuUi.OMaUi.U'IaH., eUU2pfJMaUi.U'IOH, HJlH 'Iemlie PMC Cje.z:tHHM UHTaTOM H3 MaToma: npeMa Ij>p. spiritueux) H pecileKUi.yo :lKeHCKOr po.z:ta Ha -Ma, KaO Y 0pfJMaUi.u'Ian, MeAOOpfJMoUi.u'laH., OOaMaUi.u 3aH CKOjH H3a3HBa pecneKT'). 'IaH., eHu2MaUi.U'IaH, cjJlle2MaUi.U'IaH, upU3MO.Ui.u'IaH., apOMaUi.u'laH., iilpaYMa Ui.U'IaH, acUi.MaUi.U'IaH, peyMaUi.U'IaH., y HOBHje BpeMe uapaoU2MoUi.u'IaH. H 4.7. -H'I(a)H2, Kao H -U'IKU 0 KOMe beMo rOBopHTH Mano KacHHje, .z:ty xapU3MaUi.U'IOH (KnajH 1992) HT,ll,. ITo 3Ha1:J:eFbY OBH npH.z:teBH cy rOTOBO ryje CBOj npBH eJIeMeHT rplJKOM -ikos, JIaTHHCKOM -icus (O)lHOCHO Ij>pauUY YBeK onHCHH: TaMO r.z:te je nOTPe6aH O)lHOCHH npH.z:teB, OH ce rpa.z:tH CyIj>HK CKOM -ique, eHrJIecKoM -ic HJIH -tcal HT.z:t.) 113 rplJKOra npeY3HMa 1j>0HeTCKe COM -CKU, Kao y OPfJMCKU, ilpo61leMCKU (Hnp. ilpo61leMCKU wax, 3a Pa3JIHKY npoMeHe y OCHOBH: c > Ui. (xaoc - xaoUi.U'IaH, CUcjJUflUC - CUcjJUfluUi.U'IaH, o.z:t apo6IleMaUi.u'IOH. CYMB>HB), cucUi.eMCKU CKOjH ce O.z:tHOCH Ha CHCTeM', ilpaKca - ilpaKUi.U'IaH, cei1ca - ceilUi.U'IaH, CKeuca - cKeilUi.u'IaH, eAuilca 3a Pa3JIHKY O,ll, cucUi.eMaUi.u'IoH. - 'CTPoro .z:tOCJIe.z:taH, MauCKH, HClqmau' H - e/luilUi.u'IaH) O)lHOCHO 3 > Ui. (Heypo3a - HeypoUi.U'IaH, aHMU3a - aHMU CJI.; HnaK, MeAOOpaMaUi.u'lon H MeAOOPfJMCKU cy rOTOBO yseK CHHOHHMH). Ui.U'IaH, cuHUi.e3a - cuHUi.eUi.U'IaH, eKcUi.a3a - eKcUi.aUi.U'IaH HT.z:t.). Ca OKp BH.z:tH H -OUi.U'IKU (4.8.3). u.eHOM OCHOBOM H npOMeHOM 3 > cUi. jecy cjJaHUi.a3uja - cjJaHUi.acUi.U'IaH, 4.7.3. ITpH.z:teBH Ha -HCTH'I(a)H MOrJIH 6H ce DpHnHcam H Cylj>HKCy CapKa30M - capKacUi.U'IaH, il.!leOHa3OM - il.!leoHacUi.U'IaH H jom nOHeKH -u'I(a)H., anH je 60JLe nocMaTPaTH oBaj cylj>HKC Kao je.z:tHHCTBeH, 6y.z:tyliH .z:ta YlfeHH rpeUH3aM. ce MOTHBHmy He CaMO HMeHHQaMa Ha -ucw.(a) Hero, MOjf(Jla H 1:J:emoe, OHH IIpH.z:teBH ce H3BO,ll,e O.z:t HMeHHua M. po.z:ta Ha cyrJIaCHHK (Ui.uilu'IaH, Ma Ha -U3(a)M. OBaj Cylj>HKC je OCeTHO peljH Hero -UCUi.U'IKU (B. 4.8.4), no puUi.MU'IaH, CUM6oIlU'IaH, uepUOOU'IaH, 'l4UflUHOpU'IaH., Ui.aKUi.U'IaH., y HOBHje UITO ce jaBJLa caMO y npH.z:teBHMa KOjH HMajy onHCHO 3Ha1:J:eu.e, Kao peClllU B'peMe cjJWlMU'IaH. [OPCJ], C KpFbOM OCHOBOM 'l4UKIlU'IaH., paxuUi.u'IaH.) HJIH cUi.U'IaN, e2oucUi.U'IaH, ClIlUi.pyucUi.U'Ian, oUUi.UMucw.U'IaH, UeCUMUcw.u'IaH. H o.z:t OHUX ,)KeHCKOr po.z:ta Ha -a: 6a3u'IaH., caUi.upu'IaH., UOUflU'IaH., aapa6ollu 'IaN, xuilep6oIlU'IaH, cUi.pocjJu'IaH. no TepMHH y TeopHjH KB>H:lKeBHOCTH, ua CJI., H TO Haj1:J:emlie y npe.z:tHKary. XYMOpucUi.u'IaH MO:lKe 60TH O,ll, X)'MO pucUi.(a) HJlH o.z:t X)'MOp (y HOBHje BpeMe lJeCTO ce 3aMeayje ca X)'MOpHU). paNOU'Ian (c ry6HTKOMj KOjH ce TH'Ie HCK./LyqHBO npasonHca). H3YSeTHO, -a ce 3a.z:tp:lKaBa y npH.z:teBY Up03aU'IaH (O.z:t KaCHOJIaT. prosaicus, Ij>p. prosa He cna.z:ta OBaMO KapaKUi.epucUi.U'IaH. (o.z:t KapaKUi.epucUi.uKa + -(a}H.). ique). HajBHIIIe HMa H3Be.z:teHHua O,ll, HMeHHua Ha -uja, ca PO: ailaUi.U'IaH, CUMilaUi.u'IaH., uponu'Ian, xucUi.epU'Ian, ey<jJopU'Ian, nocUi.ClIl2U'Ian, eHep2U 'Ia~Mazu'lan. eAe2U'Ian,CUMeUi.pu'lan,MeAOOU'Ia~XapMOnU'Ian,MeAaHXO
IlU'IaN. KClIlOpU'Ian, anapxu'Ian, MClIlapU'Ian, aneMu'Ian, neypacUi.eHU'Ian, ClIlep2U'IaH. lleUi.ap2U'Ian HT.z:t. Ty MO:lKeMO YBPCTHTH H eKOnOMU'IaH, Ma.z:ta OWOBapa caMO je.z:tHOM, y cpnCKOM peljeM 3HalJeu.y HMeHHue eKonoMuja. O.z:t HMeHHue 'l4eH.Ui.ap, y cnojy C rp'IKHM OCHOBaMa y npBOM .z:teJIY, HMaMO HeKOJIHKO CJIO:lKeHHua Kao 2e0'l4enUi.pU'IaH, xeAU0'l4enUi.pU'IaH., e20
4.8. H HCnpe.z:t cylj>HKca -H'IKH OCHOBa je nOMO:lKHa HCTHM OHHM Ij>o HeTCKHM npOMeHaMa rp'IKor nopeKJIa Koje CMO BH.z:teJIH 3a -u'I(a)H.. C> w HMaMO y 2MaKUi.U'IKU, UpOcjJUflOKUi.U'IKU, eUUfleUUi.u'IKU, aUOKMUilwU'lKU HT.z:t. (TaKO H Y JIHHrBHCTH"lKOM TepMHHy OeuKUi.U'IKU npeMa oeuKca). 3> Ui. ce jaBJLa y cUHUi.eUi.U'IKU, aNMuUi.U'IKU, xuuHOUi.U'IKU, xuiioUi.eUi.u'IKU Hen., a·3 > cUi. y oujazH.Ocili.U'IKU, ilp02H.OCUi.U'IKU, uepucppacw.u'IKU H jom nOHe KOM npH.z:teBy.
320
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
Cy<\lHKCaL\Hja
O,n; cUHillaKCa 1l0cToje ,n;Ba 06mlKa, cUHiiiaKCU'IKU (qeWne) H CUnillaK illU'IKU. ITpOTHB OHOr llpBOr 06Jll1Ka cBojeBpeMeHO ce 1l06YHHO ITpe,n;Hn 1950, Yll030paBajynH,n;a ce 3a ,n;pyre HMeHHl.(e rpqKOr 1l0peKJIa llpH.L\eB llpa BH ca -ill-, a "llpH.L\eB HailpaBJheH Ha CPllCKH HaqHH Morao 6H rnaCHTH caMO 'cHHTaKcHH' liTO HHKO He Ka)f(e."174 ITo lberOBOM MHWJheIbY, "llpH.L\eBY 'CHHTaKCHqKH' o,n;rOBapa.JJa 6H HMeHHl.(a 'CHHTaKCHKa', Koja He 1l0CTOjH." Ha OBe llpHMe,n;6e y HCTOM 6pojy "Hawer je3HKa" o,n;rOBopHO je AneKcaH ,n;ap EeJIHn, 1l0TllHCaH CaMO HHHl.(Hja.JJHMa. CJIa)f(ynH ce C ITpe,n;HneM ",n;a cUHillaKCHU He H.L\e, 360r HarOMHJIaBalba cyrJIaCHHKa", OH je llpHMeTHO ",n;a He 6H 6HJIO 60Jhe HH cUHillaKcKu (CHHTaKccKH)". OTy,n;a je, 110 lbeMY, "o,n; cUHillaKca HaqHlLeH llpH,n;eB Ha -U'IKU", HMajynH y BH.L\y Hallope,n;HocT Ha CTaBaKa -U'IKU H -CKU, WTO OH HJIYCTPyje llapOBHMa Kao MeilloocKU - Me illOOU'IKU H CJIHqHHMa. OHO WTO je EeJIHn llpOrryCTHO ,n;a 1l0Mcme jecy cTPa HH YTHu;ajH. TeWKO, HaHMe, ,n;a 6H ce y HaweM je3HKY HKa.n;a CKOBa.JJO CUH illaKcu'IKU ,n;a HHje HMa.JJO y30pa y PYCKOM cUHmaKCU'IeCKUU, Koje je OlleT o,n; cppaHl.(YCKor syntaxique. (Yll. HallpoTHB eHrn. syntactic, HeM. syntak tisch, HTan. sintattico H TaKO ,n;aJhe.)
4.8.2. BpanajynH ce Ha llpaBH CYCPHKC -u'IKii (3a pa3JIHKy o,n; llpH,n;eBa Ha -CKU H3Be,n;eHHX H3 HMeHHl.(a Ha -uKa), MO)f(eMO KOHCTaTOBaTH ,n;a OH ,n;o JIa3H Ha HCTe TPH BpcTe HMeHHqKHX OCHOBa Kao H -U'I(a)H, caMO y MalbeM 6pojy. TaKO\o,n; HMeHHl.(a MYWKor po,n;a HMaMO uepUOOU'IKU, CUM6oIlU'IKU, PUillMU'IKU (yKOJIHKO HHje o,n; puill.~uKa), Meillpu'IKU (Ka.n;a 3HaqH 'MeTaP CKH', 1l0,n; 2 Y PMC), paKillU'IKU (no yrne,n;y Ha HeMaqKO faktisch), HeOJIO rn3aM 0PZa3MU'IKU (y OPCl), C pe,n;YKoBaHoM OCHOBOM KOCMU'IKU, IlU KIIU'IKU HT,n;. O,n; HMeHHl.(a Ha -a He Ha.JJa3HMO MHoro llpHMepa, OCHM rope 1l0MeHYTHX yqeHHx llpu.neBa Kao aUOKMUuillu'IKU, xuuoilleillu'IKU H CJI. H HeOJIOrH3Ma KapMU'IKU (o,n; KapMa). O,n; HMeHHl.(a Ha -uja cy KaillezopU'IKU, oUHacillu'IKU, ZMaKillu'IKU, eUUlleuillu'IKU H jow 1l0HeKH. 3aCTYllJheHOCT OBor cycpHKca y ,n;aHaWlLeM je3HKY je Malba Hero paHHje, yCJIe,n; Te)f(lbe Ka 3aMelbHBalbY CYCPHKCOM -cKii: TaKO ne ce YMeCTO eKOHOMU'IKU (IlOMeHyror KO,n; MapeTHna), pOHeillu'IKU, POHOIIOZU'IKU, cucilleMaillu'IKU, oujaxpo HU'IKU ,n;aHac llpe penH eKOHOMCKU, pOHeillcKU, POHOIIOWKU, cucilleMaillcKU, OujaxPOHujCKU H CJI. B. H CJIe,n;enH o,n;eJI,aK.
4.8.1. O,n;Hoce H3Mel)y cy«iIHKca -U'I(a)H H -u'IKii 1l0,n;p06HO je aHa.JJH3H pa.JJa H. rpHl.(KaT 1990:216-221. OHa HaBo,n;H BenH 6poj llapoBa o,n; HCTe OCHOBe y KojHMa ce O,n;HOCHH llpH,n;eB 3aBpwaBa Ha -u'IKii a OIlHCHH Ha -U'I(a)H. Mel)y ILHMa je, ,n;o.nywe, BPJIO Ma.JJO llpHMepa C llpaBHM CycpHKCOM -u'IKii O,n;HOCHO -U'I(a)H (HTIp. caillupu'IKU - caillUpU'IaH, KaillezopU'IKU - KaiiieZOpU'IaH), a 3HaTHO BHwe OHHX Kao 1I0ZU'IKU - 1I0ZU'laH, aK)'Ciiiu'IKU aK)'ciiiU'IaH, OUHaMU'IKU - OUHaMU'IaH, cillaillu'IKU - cillaillu'IaH, UOlleMU'IKU - UOlleMU'IaH HT,n;., r,n;e je 01l03Hl.(Hja 3allpaBo Mel)y CycpHKcHMa -CKU H -(a)H. rpHQKaTOBa HallOMHILe (CTP. 218) ,n;a llapoBH C llpHBH.L\HO je,n;HaKHM OCHOBa Ma MOry 6HTH o,n; Pa3JIHqHTHX HMeHHl.(a, Hllp. MeillooU'IKU o,n; MeilloouKa a Meilloou'IaH o,n; Meilloo, PUillMU'IKU o,n; puillMuKa a puillMU'IaH o,n; puillaM, cuHilleillu'IKU (y je.D;HOM 3HaqelbY) o,n; cUHilleiiiuKa a cuHilleillu'IaH o,n; cUHille 3a, illaKUlu'IKU o,n; illaKilluKa a illaKillu'IaH o,n; illaKill. Ha CTP. 219 HaBoAH ,n;o CTa npHMepa llpH.L\eBa Ha -U'I(a)H 6e3 llaplbaKa Ha -U'IKii (apXaU'IaH, poilloze HU'IaH, xaOiiiU'IaH, cpepu'Ian, HociiiMZU'laH HT,n;.), a Ha cJIe,n;enoj cTPaHH OHe Ha -u'IKii 6e3 BapHjaHTe Ha -U'I(a)H, Hllp. apuillMeillu'IKU, K03Meillu'IKU, Mexa HU'IKU, Meillpu'IKU, y3 ,n;OCTa OHHX Ha -UCillU'IKU. YllpKOC CBeMY TOMe, HCTHqe OHa, HHje Ma.JJO llapOBa y KojHMa cy llpH.L\eB Ha -u'IKii H oHaj Ha -U'I(a)H llpaK THqHO je.D;HaKOr 3HaqelLa: jepeillu'IKU - jepeillU'IaH, cKeuillu'IKU - cKeuillu '1aH, MeillapopU'IKU - MeillapopU'IaH, xuOpayllU'IKU - xuopaYIIU'IaH, eKlleK illU'IKU - eKlleKillu'IaH H TaKO ,n;aJhe (Ha cTP. 220-221). 174 Y HOBHje BpeMe jaBHo ce H 06JIHK CUHwaKCHU, HapO'lHTO y XpBaTcKoj. 6eJIellCH c je.llHHM I.\HTaTOM H3 '1aCOnHCa "Je3HK".
PMC ra
321
4.8.3. Ca HCTHM cTPaHHM cpopMaHToM Kao -aillU'I(a)H, a.JJH y3 ,n;pyrn ,n;oManH CycpHKC, CaqHILeHO je -aTH'IKii, Kao y eUuzpaMaillU'IKU, cucilleMa illU'IKU, oOZMaillu'IKU H CJI. Y CJIe,n; yrrpaBo 1l0MeHYTe TeH.D;eHQHje ,n;a ce o,n; 6al.(H rpqKO -UK-, oBaj CYCPHKC ,n;aHac 3HaTHO qewne rnaCH -aTCKii: euuzpa MaillcKu, cucilleMaillcKU, CXeMaillCKU (H WeMaillCKU, Ma,n;a peqHHl.(H He llpH 3Hajy Ty BapHjaHTY), OOZMaillcKU, illeMaillcKU.KIIUMaillcKU HT,n;., HapOQHTO y CTPyqHHM TepMHHHMa Kao peYMaillcKU, CUMuilloMaillcKU, illpaYMaillcKU, cUHillaZMaillcKU (o,n; peqHHKa 6eJIe)f(H ra caMO Knaun), uouoMaillcKU HT,n;. OBH llpH,n;eBH cy O,n;HOCHH, 3a pa3JIHKy o,n; OIlHCHHX llpu.neBa Ha -aillU'IaH. IToHeKH cy HeMOTHBHCaHH (Hllp. xpoMaiiicKU, cOMaillcKU, iicuxocoMaillcKU). He Clla,n;a OBaMO a3ujaillcKU, H3Be,n;eHO o,n; A3ujaill (c acpeKTHBHHM llPH3BY KOM) a He o,n; A3uja. 4.8.4. Ha -HCTH'IKii ce rpa.n;e MHor06pojHH O,n;HOCHH llpH,n;eBH llpeMa HMeHHl.(aMa Ha -uciii(a), a yje,n;Ho H OHHMa Ha -U3(a)M: cOllujMucillu'IKU, KO MYHucillu'IKU, pawucillu'IKU, Hallucillu'IKu, KaiiuillMUcillu'IKU, CillaJbUHU CillU'IKU, MapKCUcillu'IKU, HalluOHMucillu'IKu, W06UHUcillu'IKU, xyMaHu CillU'IKU, MaillepujMuciiiu'IKU, uoeMuciiiu'IKU, paCUciiiU'IKU, 6youcillu'IKU, ailleuciiiu'IKU, peMucillu'IKU, HaillypMucillu'IKU, UMupecuoHucillu'IKU, yp6a Hucillu'IKU, a6aHillypucillu'IKU, caoucillu'IKU, Ma3oxucillu'IKU, HYoucillu'IKU, illypucillu'IKU, iiyPUCillU'IKU H TaKO ,n;aJhe. OBoMe 6HCMO MOrJIH ,n;o,n;aTH H yilloiiucillu'IKU (llpeMa yilloiiucill[a), a.JJH H llpeMa yilloiiuja, Kao CHHOHHM 3a yillOUUjCKU). He clla.n;ajy OBaMO llpH,n;eBH Kao cillUllUcillu'IKU, ecejucillu'IKU, iiy6I1ullucillu'IKU, IIUHZ6Ucillu'IKU, CIIaeucillu'IKU, zepMaHUcillu'IKU H CJI., r,n;e je CYCPHKC -u'IKii (O,n;HOCHO -cKii YKOJlllKO HX H3BO.D;HMO H3 CIIaeucilluKa, eceju cillUKa HT,n;.). CaMo -u'IKii ,n;OJIa3H y 063HP 3a llpu.neBe Kao cUelIujMucillu'IKU,
322
TBop6a pe'fH Y CaBpeMCHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
CycpHKcaUllja
6ailiiiuciilUlu(u (r,l(e HeMa O,l(rOBapajylier TepMHHa Ha -U3{a}M HHTH Ha -UC
Ma,l76 CBaKaKO je OHa npOH3amna H3 }J(eJbe ,Zta ce Cy$HKC jacHO O,ZtBOjH O,Zt HH$HHHTHBHor HaCTaBKa H ,Zta ce Cy$HKCH GOJbe ,ZtHljlepeHUHpajy Me~y CO GOM. OBaKBY JIOfHKY, Me~yTHM, rpaMaTH'lapH HHKa,Zta He npHMelbyjy Ha ,Ztpyre BpCTe peqH OCHM rnarOJIa\ AKO 6HCMO 3a HMeHHue H 3a npHJl:eBe Ta Ko~e XTeIIH ,Zta HaBe,ZteMO CaMO CyljlHKC 6e3 $JIeKTHBHOr HaCTaBKa, OHM GH CMO cy$HKce -apa, -/10, -uwiUe, -lbU, -cKii HT,Zt. MOPaJIH ,Zta npe,ZtCTaBHMO Kao -ap-, -Jl-, -uwiU-, -lbo, -CK-, Gy,ZtyliH ,Zta HeMa cyMse ,Zta cy -a, -0 O.ltHO CHO -e HaCTaBUH HOMHHaTHBa KO,Zt HMeHHua, a -u HaCTaBaK HOMHHaTlfBa My rnKor po,Zta je,ZtHHHe KO,Zt npHJl:eBa. AKO TO He '!:HHHMO y OBHM ,ZtBeMa BpcTa Ma pelf" HMajyliH y BHJl:Y ,Zta je y CTBapHoj ynO'I'pe6H CyljlHKC yaeK npa lieH $JIeKTHBHHM HaCTaBKOM, MaKap H UYJITHM - HeMa pasJIora 3alliTO 6H CMO C rJIafOJIHMa nocrynaJIH ,ZtpYKqHje.
iUUKa), a caMO -cKii 3a OHe Kao /lOZUciUUIJKU, ciUaiUuciUulJKU.
4.9. Je,ZtaH 6poj npHJl:eBa ca Cy$HKCOM -iUCKii HecYMlbHBo je c1'paHor nopeKJIa (HIIp. K)l6aHCKU o,Zt mn. cubano, 6uKiUopujaHcKU O,Zt eHrJI. Victo rian), anH erHMOJIOrHja HHje ,ZtOBO.lLaH pasJIor ,Zta TaKBe npH,ZteBe c1'poro o,ZtBajaMo o,Zt OHHX Kao cp6ujaHcKU, 6yo6aHcKU, UewiUaHCKU. OT)',Zta CMO CBe npHMepe OBor cy$HKca 06pa,ZtHJIH Me~y ,ZtoMaIiHM cy$HKcHMa (3.25.14).
5. 3AMEHHtIKll Cyct>HKCH 5.1. 0 3aMeHH'!:KHM cy$HKCHMa He rOBopH HHje,ZtHa rpaMaTHKa HHTH Hje,ZtHa HaMa n03HaTa CT)',ZtHja 0 TBop6H peqH. 3aHCTa, HMeHHqKe 3aMeHHue He MOry ,Zto6HTH Cy$HKC, y HameM a BepOBaTHO HH y ,ZtpyrHM je3HUHMa. C npH,ZteBCKHMa je TO KaTKa,Zt Moryhe, aJIH ,Zto6HjeHa TBopeHHua no 3HaqelbY je npH,ZteB, Kao y C60jCKU HJIH HuwiUa6aH. IloCTojH HnaK HeKOJIHKO cy$HKca KOjH ce ,Zto,Ztajy npHJl:eBcKHM 3aMeHHuaMa 3a KOJIHqHHY, nperBapajyliH HX y ,ZteMHHynIBe, anH HM He O,ZtY3HMajy 3aMeHHqKH KapaKTep. To cy:
323
6. rJIATOJICKll Cyct>HKCH - ,l(OMAliH
HaBo~ese cy$HKca y ,,'lHCTOM" 06JIHKY MOrJIO 6H HMaTH BHrne onpaB,Ztalba aKO 6H nOJIasHJIO He caMO O,Zt HH$HHHTHBa Hero H O,Zt npe3eHTa, o,Ztpa}J(aBajyIiH Behy npoMeHJbHBOCT rnarOna y O.ltHocy Ha HMeHCKe peqH. fpaMaTHqapH TO, Me~yTHM, He 'lIme, Hero ce ynpaBJbajy HCKJby
6.0. Ca -mu WlH 6e3 -mu? Y rpaMaTHKaMa ce rJIarOJICKH Cy$HK CH Hajlfemhe HaBo,Zte 6e3 HH$HHHTHBHor HaCTaBKa -iUu, TO jecT rOBopH ce o Cy$HKCY -a-, Cy$HKCY -U6a-, Cy$HKCy -Ka-, -06a- H TaKO ,ZtaJbe. 360r Te HaBHKe rpaMaTHlfapa MO}J(e KaTKa,Zt ,ZtOIiH H ,ZtO 03GHJbHHjHX Hecnopasy
6.0.1. 0 cy4mKcHMa 3a npoMeHY BHAa. - Jorn je.ltHo nHTalbe y KOMe MopaMo o,ZtCT)'nHTH O,Zt TPa,ZtHUHoHanHe upaKce rpaMaTH'!:apa THqe ce cy $HKca 3a npoMeuy rnarOIICKor BHJl:a, Tj. sa nepljleKTHBH3anHjy H HMuep ljIeKTHBH3anHjy. fpaMaTHKe HX OGHlfHO TpeTHpajy Kao H OCTane rnafOJJCKe
175 TaKO je AaTO y PMC, }'3 HanoMeHY Y 3arpaAH "OAp. KonuwHii"; AaTa cY .llBa IUlTa Ta Y KojllMa HeMa nOTBpAe 3a HeO.llpeljeHII BH.!l. BepoBamo je Aa Y .llauamlbeM je3HKY H OBa 3aMeHHua I'OTOBO yseK liMa O.llpeljeHH BHA (..Yx, KOIIUUlHU je Taj eKCep'fllb" H cn.). 6YAYhll .lla II OCHOBHa pe'f maCH KO/1UKU, MHoro 'fewhe Hero KO/1UK, KaKO je lIaBOAe peqHIIUII H rpa MamKe.
176 Y ,,Je3I1KY AaHac" 6p. 9, 1999, CTp. 2~27, 06jaBJheHO je nHCMO jeAHor yqeHHlCa OCMor p83peAa 113 HHwa KOjH je Ha TeCTy, Ha nHTlilbe 0 TBopOH marana lIyo06Diliu, O)U'OBO PHO (cacBHM noIWrnO) ,l:\a je OH H3Be,l:\eH H3 npHAeBa /1yo CYIPHKCOM -oeQiliu. KOMHcHja je, MeIjYTIIM, OWOBOP npomaclIJla norpewHHM jep CY~HKC Hllje HaBe,I{eH Y 06JlHKY -06D-, H yqeHIIIC 360r Tora HHje npowao sa peny6JIH'lKO TaKMHqelbe.
-(A)KI-Kii (c nanaTaJIH3aUHjoM oCHoBe), y KO/lUlJaK (npeMa PMC H ,ZteMHHyrHB H ayrMeHTaTHB o,Zt KO/lUK) H iUO/lUlJaK (y PMC ,ZtaTO y o,Ztpe~e HOM BH,Zty iUO/lUIJKU, ca 03HaKOM "nOKp. ,ZteM. O,Zt TOJIHKH"). -RnKii, y 060/lUlIKU, OHO/lUlIKU, iUo/lUllKU (yn. npH,ZteBCKe ,ZteMHHyrH Be Ha -aliKii, 3.9, H -eliKii, 3.0); -RnHii, y 060/lUliHU H OHO/lUlIHU, a CBaKaKO H y iUo/lUliHU H y ynHT HOM KO/lUlIHU, Ma,Zta HX pelfHJfQH He 6eJIe}J(e; -Rm(a)u, y HeO.ltPe~eHOM BHJl:Y caMO y KO/lUWaHI75, y o,Ztpe~eHoM 060/lUWHU, OHO/lUWHU, iUOIIUWHU H npeMa ,ZteqjeM H3roBopy iUOjUWHU.
325
Taop6a pe'{H y CBBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy!jJHKCBl.\Hja
cyq.nucce, C THM WTO HX CBpCTaBajy no,[( "rnarOJle HlBe,[(eHe Hl rnarona" (HacynpoT HlSe,[(emU.I,aMa 0,[( HMeHHua, npH,[(eSa H ,[(pyrHx SpCTa petlH). AKO je, Me~YTHM, TBOp6a "npouec CTiapaILa HOSHX pe'lH" (CTaHoj'lHn-rIo nOBHD 1999:131), ca "IHM ce CSH cna)KY, \OHl(a ce TPe6a ynHTaTH ,[(a nH je HecBpmeHH rJIarOJI laHCTa "Hosa" peq y O'[(HOCY Ha cBpllIeHH (HJIH 06pHY TO). JIeKcIIKOrpa$CKa npaKCajacHo nOKalyje'[(a HHje TaKO. PMC H rOTOBO CSH ,[(pyrH peqHHUH, r,[(e ro'[( nocTojH BH,[(CKH nap, ynynyjy HeCBpllIeHH 0,[( HOCHO yqeCTaJIH rnarOJl Ha o'[(roBapajyhH CBpllIeHH, a noje'[(HHe cspllIeHe (ca Cy$HKCOM -nyWu) Ha o'[(rosapajyhH HeCBpllIeHH. CBe ,[(e$HHHUHje H CBH UHTaTH, ca H3YleTKOM peTKHX cneUH$HtJHHX 3Ha'ieILa, ,[(ajy ce caMO no'[( o'[(pe,[(HHUOM Ha KOjy ce ynyhyje, Ma,[(a TO OCeTHO c~asa MorynHocT KOPH IlIneILa Kopnyca,177 Cse TO UOTBpljyje ,[(a cspllIeHH H HeCBpllIeHH rnarOJI HHCY noce6He neKceMe, 6y,[(ynH,[(a ce (y3 MaJI06pojHe H3Y3eTKe) Meljyc06 HO He palnHKyjy no lHa'ieILY, Hero caMO no rpaMaTHtJKOM 06ene)Kjy aCneK TYaJIHOCTH.
CKHX napILaKa YJIalH 3anpaBo y TBOp6y rnarona 0,[( rJlarona ... aJIH Ta je np06neMaTHKa 360r Ba)KHOCTH OBroe H3l(BojeHa, HapaBHo C ,[(pyrHM npH CI)'IlOM". YnpaBO ry, a He y nornaBJLY 0 TBOp6H, HaJIalHMO TepMHHe iiep pe1d1i.u8U3alfuja (ry je YKJLY'leHa H nep$eKTHBH3aUHja nOMony npe$HKca) H UMUeppeKiUu8U3alfuja. CBH rnarOJIH ce y OBOj KILH3H HaBo,[(e paBHOnpaB HO, y napOBHMa. rIOMaJIO napal(OKCaJIHO, 0 TBOp6H ce roBOPH caMO y ,[(eny o Mop$OJIOrHjH, H TO rOTOBO je'[(HHO Kal( je petJ 0 npe$HKCHMa. Y ,[(eny 0 TBOp6H HeMa HHKaKBOr nOK)'waja ,[(a ce pa3JlHK}'je MOTHBHa petJ 0,[( H3Be,[(e He. THn cjeiJaiUu He npe,[(CTaBJLa ce Kao HMnep$eKTHBH3aUHja THua cje ciuu, Hero ce caMO Ka)Ke ,[(a "HOBH HecBpllIeHH rnaronH HMajy Cy$HKC" (CTP. 372): Ha HCTH Ha'lHH ce .npyr,[(e onHcyjy H CBpllIeHH maroJIH, HOp. nap AyiiuiUu - AyiiaiUu ,[(aT je no,[( 0'[(pe'[(60M "CBpllIeHH rnarOJIH HMajy -H-" (373). Mal(a aYTopH TO H3piftJHTO He Ka)KJ, jacHo je'[(a cy BH,[(CKH na pOBH OB'[(e npHKaJaHH Kao paBHOnpaBHH $neKTHBHH 06JlHUH, a He Kao ,[(e pHBauHja.
.ll.o,[(ajMo TOMe ,[(a KO'[( BM,[(CKHX naposa 'IeCTO HHje Moryne o'[(pe,[(HTH HH CM e p HlBoljeILa. Y HOPMaJIHHM cnY'lajeBHMa ,[(epHBaUHje 3Ha ce pe,[(o cne,[(: MaKap H 6e3 HKaKBHX ,[(HjaxPOHHjCKHX no,[(aTaKa, lHaMO ,[(a pe'l MO ciUu/i HHje Morna nocTojaTH npe pe'lH MOciU, HnH pe'l lfapeeaiUu 6e3 pe'lH Ifap. Ko,[( BH,[(CKHX napoBa HHje TaKo, jep cy 06a 'InaHa paBHonpaBHa: Te IlIKO je 3aMHcnHTH TaKBO CTaILe je3HKa y KOMe 6H nocTojao rnaron ilpUMU iUu anH He H ilpUMaiUu, HnH 06PHYTO. rpaManf'l:apH H neKCHKorpa$H 06H'IHO ce CHaJIale Ha Taj Ha'lHH IlITO y SH'[(CKHM napOBHMa rnarone Ha -ny iUu CMaTPajy 3a nep$eKTHBHlaUHje (Hnp. "iJupnyWu CBpllI. npeMa iJupa iUu"), a CBe OCTaJIe cy$HKCaJIHe 06nHKe 3a HMnep$eKTHBHlauHje ("cry il.tbaiUu HeCBpllI. H ycr. npeMa cryiluiUu", "iloxypueaiUu HeCBpllI. H ytJ. npeMa ilo:xcypuiUu" H CnH'IHO). He3ro,[(a je IlITO y MHomM napOBHMa csp meHH rnaron HMa -nyWu a HeCBpllIeHH je'[(aH 0'[( cy$HKca 3a HMnep$eKTH BH3aUHjy (HUp. iUpmyiUu - iUp3aiUu, iJoiJupnyiUu - iJoiJupu8aiUu, c8pmy iUu - cepzaeaiUu, naiJ[jjenyWu naiJ[ujje8aiUu Hen.), IlITO lHatHl ,[(a 6H ,[(epHBaUHja Morna ,[(a TetJe H y je,[(HOM H y ,[(pyroM cMepy.
6.0.3. 3a Hac HeMa HHKaKBe cyMILe ,[(a BM,[(CKH Cy$HKCH CUal(ajy y $JIeKcHjy rnarona, ,[(aKJIe ,[(a TBop6a pe'lH MO)K,[(a He 6H HH MOpaJIa ,[(a ce 6aBH ILHMa. HnaK, nOTllYHOCTH Pal(H - a HMajyliH y BHl(y ,[(a BeliHHa OBHX cy$HKca uOCToje, y3 ,[(pyre OCHOBe, H Kao npaBH ,[(epHBaUHOHH Cy$HKCH ,[(alieMO ILHXOB Ca)KeTH nperne,[( (B. norna8JLe 8). rIPH TOM, la palJIHK)' OA rpaMaTH'lapa, He CBO,[(HMO nojaM BH,[(CKHX cy$HKca Ha cy$HKce la H3Bolje ILe "rJlarona 0,[( rnarOJIa" • .ll.eMHHYTHBHH rnaronH Kao zoeopKaiUu, UUCKa paiUu, KaUllbyqaiUu HCKalyjy OHO IlITO ce HalHBa ,.Aktionsart", aJIH He Me ILajy BM,[( rnarona. 0ry'[(a cy OHH npaBe H3Be,[(eHHue, jep je palJlHKa y OA HOCY Ha OCHOBBH rnaron (z060puiUu HT,[(.) neKCH'IKa (qeCTO CHHjaHcoM De jopaTHBHOCTH) a He rpaMaTHtJKa.J7 8
324
6.0.2. 3aHHMJLHBO je norne,[(aTH KaKO OBOM np06neMY npHcryna Xp eaiUCKa zPQMaiUU/ca (1iapHn et al. 1997). Y ILOj cy BM,[(CKH napoBH 06palje
HH ,[(Ba nYTa, Hajnpe y o,[(eJLK)' "Mop$oJIomja" a nOTOM H y o,[(eJLKY "Tsop6a pHjetm". Y OHOM npBOM ce Ka)Ke (CTP. 226-229)'[(a "TBop6a BH,[( 177 3a rnaroll uaciiiu, peI.\HMO, PMC Aaje TpHAece-raK 3Ha'lelba H nOA3Ha'ielba. y3 npeKO 'leTpAece-r cppB300JIOfH3aMa. nOA uaoai1lu je CIMO pe'leHO "HeCap1ll. npeMa nacTH" H AaT je jeAaH jeAHHH CPPB3eOJIOrH3aM. uaoajylia 6Q/leci1l. Cae AecpHHHUHje H caH I.\HTaTH 011. Hoce ce HCK.Ih)"lHBO Ha CBp1lleHH rnaroll, illTO 3Ha'lH Aa ce H3 Kopnyca HHje MOI:aO ynoTpe 6HTH HHjeAaH OA 6e36pojHHx npHMepa THna Kuma uava, He uava MU Ha ua.Meiii, ilavMu cy I(ao CHOWbe H CJIH'IHHX, KBKBHX je CHrypHO 6HJlO Y H306HThY.
6.0.4. liTO ce THtJe HTepaTHBHOCTH (ytJeCTaJIOCTH), OHa ce no $OpMH HCKala rOTOBO yaeK nOKJIana C HMnep$eKTHBHoIIIliy. BH,[(HMO TO no 03Ha KaMa y PMC, r,[(e cy HeCBpllIeHH maronH H3 BH,[(CKHX DapOBa J'OTOBO yaeK onHcaHH Kao "HeCBpllI. H Y'l. npeMa ••• ". MO)K'[(a npeTepyje lia6HIi 1991:489 Kal( Ka)Ke ,[(aje "HMllep$eKTHBIf3IfpaHe rnarone norpewHo 3BaTH ytJeCTaJIHMa (HTepaTHBHHMa)", aJIH je y DpaBY Kal( HCTHqe ,[(a ce pa3JlHKa HlMeljy TPajHor H Y'leCTaJIOr rnarona MO)Ke YTBP,[(HTH caMO Ha OCHOBY KOH TeKCTa. Bpno je MaJIH 6poj rnarona KOjH cy caMO HTepaTHBHIf: TO cy yrnaB HOM 8U~aiUu, iioz.neoaiUu, pY'la8aiUu, 8e'lepaeaiii.u, no/iueaiUu, UCKaKUea iuu, Kao H HTepaTHBHo-nejopaTHBHH (B. 8.3, Docne,[(ILH nacyc) eoiJaiUu, eo 178 3aKJhY'laK HpeHe rpHl.\KaT (1955:90), noaOAOM rnarollcKe AeldHHYI.\Hje, Aaje "Ae MHHyHpau.e npe!jJHKcHMa npso6HTHO (lj. HCTOPHjCKH nOCMaTpaHo) yBeK H3ldeHa rnaroJlCKOr 3Ha'lelba H3 OCHOBa, 06ellellCje He MOAH!jJHKOBaHe plI.!U!>e Beli HOBe PMH>e" IIBlKH H Ha CHH XPOHHjCKOM MaRY. AaKJlC H 6e3 0.n:pe.n6e "HCTOPHjCKH nOCMaTpaHO".
326
TBop6a pe'lll y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je311KY
Cyq)l!KcaUllja
3amU, Hoeamu, zalbaiUu, A(uj)emamu. I>a6Ho (HaB. M.) nOMUH.e jorn HeKO nUKO H.UX 'luja je npUnll,!(HOCT CTaH~ap~HOM je3HKY CYMH.UBa, Kao oalbu6a mu, eiUU3a6amu, iioemU3a6aiUu, ooxaljaiUu
U
:lK,):(a H CAuKaiilu, 6pYKaiilu, Kopa'laiilu; Meljy H.HMa cy H nOHem Henpena 3HH Kao 1.160)eiilaiilu, Aueiilaiilu HnOBpanm Kao zpaHaiilU ee, pa'l6aiilu ee.
cn.
H3BaH CBlIX OBHX KaTeropHja oCTajy Hem '1etTH rJIarOnH Kao rnTO cy
6.0.5. ,,Je~HHa'IHH" Cy
ZIlaeaiilu, 6(uj)enaiilu, iipa6oaiilu, KOAyiilaiilu, l.Iuppaiilu (ee), eiilaeaiilu l79 , jaoaiilu ee H ~p. HeKH O~ rnarona Ha -amu TOJIHKO cy yo6H'IajeHH ~a CMO y
ronHMa. HarnnH CMO caMO 'leTHpH CY
nH ~a HX CMa-rpaMO H3Be~eHHMa O~ HMeHHQa Hcre OCHOBe HJlH He. TaKBH cy Ha IIpHMep CYMlbaiilu, KAe8eiilaiilu, caFbaiilu, MUpueaiilu, 38y 'laiUu, pa'l)'HaiUu, wu6aiUu, HU3aiUu, pe~aiilu. TatrnH cy noce6Ho rnarOJIH c-rpaHor nopeKna Kao wmtlMuaiilu, lUMuHKaiilu, wUpul.laiilu, t/Jap6aiilu, uYMiiaiilu, 6peM3aiilu H CnH'IHH, r~e HeMa cYMH.e ~a cy HCTOBpeMeHo no 3ajMJbeHH HMeHHQa H rnaron (HTan. stampa H stampare, HeM. Schminke H ~HneMH ~a
6.1. -A.6aiilu je Cy
sehminken HT~.).
6.2.2. C IIp~eBcKoM OCHOBOM, npena3HH rnaronH 3Ha'le np~aBaH>e 'leMY oc06HHe HCKa3aHe np~eBOM, Kao y pa6Haiilu HnH (
6.2. Cy
6.2.1. OBaj CY
HeMa MHoro rnarona y KojHMa HMeHHua 03Ha'iaBa caMY pll,!(H.y, Hnp. 60)ex6aiilu, pa'lYHamU, zpajaiilu, yxuHaiilu, 6e'lepamU, opzujaiilu. BHwe je <paKTHTHBHHX, r~e UMeHHua 3Ha'IH pe3ynTaT pll,!(H.e, Kao y KOMaoaiilu, iiap'laiilu, 6pa3oamu, K06p'laiilu (-'4laiilu), iila;zaeaiilu (ee), zOMUIlaiilu, MO-
327
iilu, Kpanamu, zop"aiilu, MeKUlaiilu, AaKlUaiilu, Aeiiluaiilu (lbe-), iillj)elUlba iilu. MHorH O~ H.lIX cy 06HQHHjH y npe
'1eMy B~H ~OJIe, 6.2.4. ~
j II
:!
I
6.2.3.0 H3BoljeH.Y rnarona H3 y3BHKa O~HOCHO oHoMaToneja MO)KeMO ca cHrypHowliy roBOPHTH CaMO y ~Ba--rpH npHMepa Kao 'luKaiilu HJlH iilUK iilaKaiilu. 3a ~yre rnarone Kao Ul1Cfb0l.laiilu, lUMPllaiilu, K60l.laiilu, Kepl.la iilu, zpl.laUlu, 36oZlOiilu, wiilYZlaiilu, KOKoOaKamU, IUUKaiilu, iiCUKaiilu, Ae.tle Kaiilu, 6Aejaiilu, 36pHoamU, 6pYHoaiilu, zpyeaiilu H CJlH'IHe HecYMFLHBO je ~a
HM je OCHOBa oHoMaTOnejcKa, anH TO jow He 3HaQH ~a cy H3Be~eHH. O~ roBapajyoa OHOMaTOneja, HaHMe, nOHeKIl,!( H He nOCTojH, a aKO nocTOjH MO :lK,):(a je HaKHIl,!(HO H3ByqeHa H3 rnarona. 0Baj nOCJle~H nOCTynaK HapO'lH TO je OMHJbeH Y crpHnOBHMa, r~e ce pa~ rpa
6.2.4. Ha -aiilu ce rpll,!(e H npe
~a
179 no CKOKY. dUacaiiiu je nOpeKJIOM rpeUll3llM. anH je H3KHlI,Il;HO YKplIITeHO C IIMe HHl\OM ciiiDc.
328
329
TBop6a pe'll{ y CaBpeMCHOM CpnCKOM jC31lKY
CycJllU(Callllja
UeiUa'lKaiUu, ueiUall'laiUu (5.33.5), H.a60paiUu, lla3yU'laiUu (5.33.6), OKOH. 'laiUu, oeuzypaiUu H ,lJ;p. (5.33.8), oiUKlbY'laiUu (5.33.9), iloUliUailaiUu ee H ,lJ;p. (5.33.10), iloiUuacaiUu (5.33.11), pacKpullKaiUu H ,lJ;p. (5.33.16), e8p eiUaiUu H ,lJ;p. (5.33.17), y6p3aiUu H ,lJ;p. (5.33.19). \
6.2.6.2. I1pHJIH'IaH je H 6poj rJIarOJIa ca oHoMaTonejcKoM OCHOBOM, KOjH HeMajy ,lJ;eMHHYTHBHO HH tPpeKBeHTaTHBHo 3Haqelbe. I1pe3eHT je 06HqHO Ha -'leJU, KaO Y ZaKai12u, zYKaiUu, MYKaiUu, MaYKai12u (Mjay-, Mujay
6.2.5. 3a
-aiUu Kao BH,lJ;CKH CytPHKC B.
8.1.
,
CnO)KeHH CytPHKCH:
6.2.6. BeOMa nnO,lJ;HH CytPHKC -KaTH nOKa3yje nOBpeMeHY, 'IHCTO eKC-. npecHBHy CKnOHOCT Ka jOTOBaH>Y, Kao y lI{j)elbKaiUu ce (y06H'IajeHo, Ma,lJ;a npecKpHnrnBHCTH Kao UlTO je I1aBelllHn 1971 ,lJ;OnYIlITajy caMO '10jellKaiUu eel, y 3aCTapenOM :>!CeJbKaiUu (y PMC onHcaHO Kao ',lJ;eM. 0,lJ; )KeJIeTH': MO rna je ,lJ;enOBarn H HMeHHua :>!CeJba), q;anKaiUu (0,lJ; q;aiUaiUu = XBaTaTH), MynKaiUu (0,lJ; MYiUuiUu), 8pnxaiUu (ee) (nope,lJ; 8piUKaiUu H 8p/fKaiUu), UlenKaiUu (ee) nope,lJ; UleiUKaiUu (ee). JOIli je,lJ;Ha tPOHeTCKa Cnel\HtPH'IHOCT jecTe /f Ha Kpajy OCHOBe (B. rpHUKaT 1955:65), 06HqHO 0,lJ; npB06Hrnor 3 > c Kao y pe/fKaiUu (nope,lJ; pe l)er pecKaiUu < pe3-KaiUu), zpu/fKaiUu (pel)e je zpueKaiUu), Ma/fKaiUu (0,lJ; Ma3aiUu: no PCAHY 'npJLaTH, 6pJLaTH', a y nOBpaTHOM 06JIHKY 'CTaBJbaTH npeBHllIe lIIMHHKe, nperepaHO ce Ma3aTH'), /lUIIKaiUu (ee) (0,lJ; /lU3aiUu), KaTKa,n H 0,lJ; iU Kao y 8PIIKai12u, Klla/fKaiUu, O,nHOCHO 0,lJ; 0 > i12 Kao y Z/lOIlKa iUu (0,lJ; Z/looai12u), Z/la/fKai12u (,,,lJ;eM. o,n rna,lJ;Hrn"), BepOBaTHO H y 601/Ka iUu. Y HeKHM rnarOJIHMa Kao ilJbYl/KaiUu, 38ellKaiUu, 3Y/fKai12u (Ha nOcne,lJ; Eba ,lJ;Ba BpaTHbeMO ce HlOKe) TeIliKO je O,lJ;pe,lJ;HTH nopeKnO rnaCa If, anH je O'lHrne,lJ;HO ,lJ;a HMa OHOMaTonejcKY O,lJ;HOCHO eKcnpeCHBHY tPYHKl\Hjy. I1pe Ma BehHHH OBHX rnarona nocToje, ca HCTOM OCHOBOM Ha -If, H neptPeKTHBHH Ha -H.YiUu.
6.2.6.1. -KaiUu HMa ,lJ;Ba 6HTHO pa3nHqHTa 3HaqeH>a. Kao ,lJ;eMHHYTHB HO npOlIIHpelbe (B. rpHUKaT 1995:54-56) ,lJ;OJIa3H Ha OCHOBY BHllIe ,lJ;eCeTH Ha rnarona Ha -aiUu H Ha -uillu, Kao y KouKaillu, zypKaillu, KYl/Kai12u, 'lyilKa iUu, UliUuuKaiUu, 'leUlKaillu, /lyUKai12u, uuuKai12u, /f(j)euKaillu, IbYIbKaillu, UleiUKaiUu (ee), KaeKaiUu, i12p'lKaillu, pe/fl
CacBHM cneUHtPH'IaH cnY'laj je nyillKaillu (,lJ;Ba l\HTaTa y PMC, KOjH ra ,lJ;etPHHHllie 'ynYTKHBaTH, YMHpHBaTH'), r,lJ;e CytPHKC HMa tPaKTHTHBHO 3Ha qeH>e. OBaj rnaron je ,naHac 3acTapeo, anH je O'lYBaH y npetPHKcanHoM CBP llIeHOM 06nHKY yliyiUKaiUu.
I ~
~
';{
.~
,
~I
KaiUu), Mpff>ayKaiUu, ilujyKai12U, ap/layKai12u, /fujyKai12u, ff>aKaillu, 3puKaWu, ~u8JI.uKaiUu, xyKaiUu, jayKaiUu, ujy(jy)KaiUu, /leAeKaiUu HT,lJ;. C npe3eHTOM Ha -KaM cy ojKaillu, 8ajKaillu ce (c nOMepeHHM 3HaqelbeM), Mlbal/Kaillu, 6ynKaillu HT,lJ;., Y3 HeKe r,lJ;e oHoMaTonejcKo nopeKJIO HHje TOJlHKO jacHo H3 pa)l(eHO, Kao Ul/bauKaillu. Ul/beUKaillu, ilJbyeKaiiiu. ilpcKaillu, 8pcKaiUu, qyU KaiUu, ~ycKaiUu HT,lJ;. Pa3JIH'lHTe HHTepnpeTaQHje Morybe cy 3a 38e1JKaillu (no CKOKY ,,,lJ;eMHHYTHB Ha -KaiUu C npoMeHOM K > 1/ (tPOHeTCKO OHOMaTO neH3HpaH>e)", o,n OCHOBe 38eK-, qHjH je npeBoj ZVl)kb > 38)'K), 3Y1/Kaillu (CKOK H3BO,lJ;H 3Y1/H.YiUu H3 "y3BHK[a] 3j/zf, KOjHM ce HMHTHpa rnac nqeJIe", anH ra ,lJ;aje no,lJ; O,lJ;pe,nHHUOM 3yjai12u), illailKaiiiu (eTHMOJIOIliKH je ,neMHHy THB 0,lJ; iUa6aillu, npeMa rpHUKaT 1955:54, anH ,naHac ce Be3yje 3a OHOMaTO nejy iUail-iUau, KOjy nOMHH>e H PMC y npBoj ,lJ;etPHHHUHjH OBor rJIaroJIa), iUpeeKaillu (PMC ra ynybyje Ha i12pecH.yillu O,[(HOCHO illpeciUu, anH qemlle
Hero CHTHO rpecelbe 03HaqasajaK IlIYM HnH y'[(apau:, qHMe ce Be3yje 3a OHO Maronejy iUpee H HMeHHUY iUpeeaK), 8pueKaillu, ilpaeKai12u (HHje jacaH 0,lJ; HOC npeMa HCT03Ha'IHOM 8puUlillaillu, ilpaUliUai12u H npeMa HMeHHUaMa 8pueaK, ilpaeaK), Ke8Kai12u (BapHjaHTa 0,[( Ke8iUaillu, HJlH H3Be,neHHl\a 0,[( OHOMaToneje Ke8) HT,[(.
6.2.6.3. 0,lJ; HMeHHue /f(uj)eH.a Momo 6H 6HTH /f(j)eHKai12u1I/(j)e1bKaillu ee, Ma,na HHje HCKJLyqeHO HH H3BOl)elbe o,n marona (npBa '[(eQ>HHHL{Hja 3a I/[uj jeH.uillu y PMC je 'o,[(Mepasarn, o,[(pel)HBaTH, YTBPl)HBarn ueHY HJlH Bpe,[(HOCT HeqeMY'). 0'[( KOMnapaTHBa npH.nesa HJIH npHJIora H3Be,[(eHO je MalbKaWU (eTHMOnOlIIKH 0,lJ; HTaJL maneare, anH YKPlIITeHO C H8lIIHM MalbU). He Y3HMa MO y 063Hp marone iUUKaiUu H HUjeKai12u, KOjH cy 'lHCTO xpBaTCKH. 6.2.7. Y CBOjOj HajqellIboj ynO'l'}Je6H, CytPHKC -aKaTH (-aKaTH) ,[(ona 3H Ha rnaronCKe OCHOBe, ca 3Ha'lelbeM yqeCTane pa,lJ;lbe Kao y 6al/OKaillu ceo ilpanaKaiUu ee (0,[( 3aCTapeJlor upanaillu ce O,[(H. ii.panH.yillU ce: B. CKOKa noon ilpana l ), Haj'lellilie C nejopaTHBHHM npH3BYKOM Kao y M8lbaKaillu, ce lbaKaillu (ce) (je,[(HHa ,[(Ba npHMepa CjOTOBaH>eM OCHOBe), lby6aKaiUu (ce), iUY:JICaKaiUu (ce). PMC 6eJle)KH jom HeKOJIHKO peTICIfX marOJIa Kao i12p3a KaiUu ee (,,,lJ;eM. npeMa iUp3aillu ee"), IbYlbaKaillu (ee) (,,,lJ;eM. o,[(IbYlbaiiiu"), 8apaKaiUu (ee) ('y MaH>Oj MepH 3asapaBaTH, Bp,[(arn' HnH 'BapajyliH Y3MH uaTH, CKpeTarn OBaMO-OHaMO'), 803aKai12u (ee) (nope,[( MHoro '1emlier 803U Kai12u lee]) H cn. BH.nH H rpHUKaT 1955:59-60. 6.2.7.1. )ij>yra ynorpe6a, 6e3 nejopaTHBHoCTH, jeCTe ca HMeHHqKOM OCHOBOM y 6paiUaKaiiiu ce 'Ha3HBarn ce 6paliOM', ca 3aMeHH'IKOM y c6oja KaiUu '3BaTH (Kora) CBOjHM, CBOjTOM, po,n6HHOM' O,[(HOCHO c80jaKaiUu ce
330
\,
TBop6a pe"lH Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
'CMaTpaTH je.llHo .Ilpyro CBOjHM', a Hajqellllie ca Y3BHKOM HJIH OHOMaTone JOM y OCHOBH, npH '1eMY je npBO a Haj'lelline .Ilyro, a npe3eHT je 06H'IHO (Ma.n.a He HCI<JLY'lHBO) Ha -'leM. TaKBH cy xaxaKaiUu (-aKawu) 'Y3BHKHBaTH xa, xa, xa', ¥u6¥aKaiUu (-aKaiUu) 'HcnyrnTaTH rnaCOBe ¥U6-¥U6, 0 Bpan~H Ma' (je.llaH ~HTaT H3 CpeM~a), xajoaKawu 'n0:>KYPHBaTH HeKora y3BH~HMa xajoe', iUpMaKaiUu "neBaTH, nOHaB.lhaTH y neBalbY wpanMa' (y PMC npe Hero H3 PHcmna-KaHrpre, 6e3 ~HTaTa). Typ~H3MH MaKaiUu H xMaKaiUu .Ile$HHHcaHH cy npH6nmKHO je.llHaKO, 06a ca no .IlBe .Ile$HHH~Hje: no.ll (a) "BHKaTH Ma-a HnH anax' (H CKOK .Ilaje 06a OBa rnarOJIa no.ll O.llpe.llHH~OM Max), no.ll (6) 'BHKaTH, napMam' - aJIH OBO .Ilpyro lie npe 6HTH O.ll HMeHH ~e xanaK 'ypHe6eCHa BHKa, napMa, rpaja', .IlaKJIe ca Cy$HKCOM -aiUu. C THM cy$HKCOM je BepOBamo H KOKooaKawu, nOIllTO 6H OHOMaToneja Hajnpe rnaCHna KOKOOaK (Ko-Ko-oaK).
6.2.8. Cy$HKC -eKaTH je y06H'IajeH je.llHHO Y lfepeKaiUu ee, r.lle noja 'lalla HeraTHBHO 3Haqeae OCHOBHor rnarona. HaJIalHMO ra jOlll H Y OHOMa TonejcKoM UtytwbeKaiUu (y PMC cy .IlaTH caMO npe$HKCaJIH 3aUtYULlbeKawu H iip0UtYULlbeKaiUu), 6pfbeKaiUu (npeHero H3 PHcTHna-KaHrpre, H3je.llHaqe HO ca 6pfbaiUu), C .D.yrHM e y Hey06H'IajeHoM xajltKaiUu 'roHHTH BonOBe BH 'lyfiH HM xaj(e), xaj(e)'. Y nep$eKTHBHOM 06nHKY Ha -HYiUu, 6e3 HMnep $eKTHBa, HMaMO ciUpMeKHYiUu: rpH~KaT 1955:60 3a oBaj rnaron npHMenyje CaMO.lla '3HaqelLe HHje .IleMHHytHBHO'. rJIarOnH KaO KMeKaiUu H /umeKaiUu He cna.n.ajy OBaMO, Hero no.ll -aiUu HnH no.ll -KaiUu.
6.2.9. Cy$HKC -HKaTH (-uKaiUu) HMaMO y $peKBeHTaTHBHOM 603uKa WU (ce), y perKoM Jla:JtCUKawu (ce) 'rOBOpHTH HeKoMe,lJ:a JIa>Ke' (je.llaH ~ taT Y PMC), UtanuKaiUu (ce) (y PMC .Ile$HHHcaHo 'HrpaTH ce', C je.llHHM ~HTaTOM) a C .n.yrHM
u
y BHrne rnarona C oHoMaTOnejcKoM OCHOBOM Kao
¥u6¥uKaiUu, iiyliiiYPuKawu, wpananuKaiUu, lIupJluKaiUu, liu6puKaiUu 'neBa TH (0 jape6H~)', ZYPuKaiUu H zYPJluKaiUu 'poKTam (0 cBHlbaMa)' HT.Il. YpmlKaiUu, IiYPJlUKaiUu H lIWluKaiUu MornH 68 6HTH O.ll HMeHH~a YPJlUK, IiYPJlUK O.llHOCHO IfU/lUK (B. rp8~aT 1955:61). 3puKaiUu je ca Cy$HKCOM -KaiUu (B. 6.2.6.2), a KYKYpuKaiUu ca -awu (6.2.3).
6.2.10. 3a rnarone Ha -YKaTH/-YKaTH (-'leM) rpH~KaToBa 1955:61 Ka )l(e .Ila ce "KO.llILHX .IlaHac npHMenyje 3aCTapeBalbe". OB.Ile He nO.llpalYMe BaMO OHe OHOMaTonejcKe rnarOJIe (YBeK C .IlyrHM y) KaO rnTO cy jaYKaiUu, lIujYKaiUu, iiujYKaiUu, ¢uj-y,{Qwu, M(uj)aYKaiUu, apJlaYKaiUu 8 cn., jep KO.ll aHX -Y npHna.n.a OCHOBH, .IlaKJIe Cy$HKC je -Kawu. Cy$HKC -YKaiUu, Hanpo THB (yrnaBHoM C KpaTKHM Y), HMa .IleMHHytHBHO 3Haqelbe, npe CBera y 36U :JIC0YKawu (36U:JICoylieM, perKO -'leM HJIH -KaM) H Y ¢uliYKaiUu (-KaM: no CKOKY, OCHOBa je ¢uli, oHoMaToneja nTH'Ijer rnaca). Kao anrepHaTHBa 3a 'lernlie 06nHKe Ha -KaiUu HJIH Ha -YlIKaiUu y pe'lHH~HMa ce HaJIale jorn H
CYIPHKCallHja
331
UteiUYKaiUu (ee), 6upyKaiUu, c6upYKaiUu, ii(j)eeyKawu, JlU3YKaiUu, CMejYKa iUu (CMU-) ce H CJIH'IHH, CBH C Ilpe3eHTOM Ha -KaM. Y rnarony o'lujYKawu, KOjH je illYJleKoBa TBopeHH~a (B. CKOKa IlO.ll 'OKO H TIaaewHn '1971), MO)l(,lJ,a 6H ce Morno roBOPHTH 0 cy$HKCY -(u)jyKaiUu, HJIH 0 Cy$HKCY -~aiUu yKO JIHKO je 3a OCHOBY y3eT reHHTHB MHO)l(HHe O'lujy.
6.2.11. "fJIaCOBHH CKJIOIl -ap-", IlHrne rpH~KaT 1955:67, "CJ1~ 3a MO.llH$HKa~Hjy rnarOJICKOr 3Ha'lelba, H TO He 3a Ilpaay .IleMHHyrHBHY, Ben
3a 03Ha'laBalbe CeMaHTH'IKOr IlpenHBa HeMapHOCTH, 6e3Ha'lajHoCTH pa.n.ae, HerHIlH'IHOr BprnelLa aeHor." Me~y rnaroJIHMa Ha Cy$HKC -apaTH, TaKaB OIlHC Ba)I(H 3a 8Yl1apaiUu (ce), MIlaiUapaiUu, cKUiUapaiUu (ee), JlyUapaiUu (no PMC ,,.n.eM. H ..~
yq.
IlpeMa nyIlaTH"), K/loiiapaiUu (O.ll HCTe OCHOBe Kao
K/loiiuwu, K/lOUHYWU, K/louowawu), )'3 HeKOJIHKO peljHx Kao 6poapawu C.IleM. IlpeMa Bp.llaTH'), ~uuapaiUu CCKaKaTH, Tp'lam') H CJI. O.ll.ll3Hac 3a CTapenor HJlH nOKpajHHcKor JlaHOaWU ('6p6JLaTH' HllH 'ryMapaTH') HaCTa
no je JlaHOapawu, aJIH Haj'lernne C TpeliHM 3Ha'lelbeM, Koje OCHOBHH rnarOJI HeMa: ' KJIaTHTH ce, BHCHTH JIa6aBO, onyrnTeHO'. Kao Cy$HKC cBpllleHor rnarOJIa -apaiUu ce jaBJLa y He06H'IHOM oocKaKapaiUu = O.llCKaKyraTH (y PMC C je,lJ,HHM ~HTaTOM H3 JIaJIHna). O.ll HMeHHqKe OCHOBe, rrpe CBern ca 3Ha'leaeM yqeCTaJIOCTH, jecy 60 zapaiUu ' CBaKH 'lac cnOMHlLaTH 60ra (y IlCOBIUl, Y KJleTBH)' 180 H uyUtKapa iUu. OHOMaToIlejy y OCHOBH HMajy 3YHoapaiUu 'jaKo 3yjaTH, 3BpjaTH', OYM 6apaiUu, lIanzapaiUu H .IlPyrH.
6.2.12. -KapaTH je y cyrnmHH Cy$HKC -apaiUu npolllHpeH eneMeH H. fpH~KaT 1995:68 MY Kao rnaBHY CeMaH'l'H'IKY ~PTY npHnHcyje
TOM K-.
,,3Ha'lelbe '6e3Ha'lajHOCTH' pa.n.lbe". ABa Hajn03HaTHja rnarona cy iUp'lKa
paiUu H uucKapaiUu. PMC 6eJIe>KH jorn H JlyUKapaiUu ,,.n.eM. H yq. npeMa JIy naTH", iiYllKapaiUu 'HCnpeKH.IlaHO ny~am, ny~KeraTH', lIPiUKapaiUu (= ~pTKaTH) ,,.n.eM. rrpeMa ~PTaTH'" JleUtKapawu KaO CHHOHHM 3a 06H'lHHje Jle UtKapuiUu, a PCARY HMa 3U6KapaiUu (= 3HBKaTH) H KJ'lIKapaiUu ~a TH). Hey06H'lajeHo je, O.ll HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe, 6U'lKapaiUu 'ny~aTH 6H'IeM', C je.llHHM ~HTaTOM y PMC.
6.2.13. -CaTH HaJIalHMO caMO y iiIlaMcaiUu (y PMC y 3aje.llHH'lKoj O.llpe.llHH~H ca iiIlaMiU[j)eiUu) H Y PeTI
TBop6a peQH y caBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CY-P HKC3ll.llja
6.2.14. -AcaTH, 6e3 oApeijeHor 3Haqefha, Hana3HMO caMO Y 6(j)eJlaea iUu ee H y peTKoM cBpmeHoM maroJIY 3a6Y0(lJ/acaiUu ('no6YAanHTH, npeKo Mepe ce 3aHeTH KHM HJIH qHM', Y PMC CjeAHHM UHTaTOM Wi H. CHMHha).
TH je 3HaqefheM npoBHAHa, TaKO Aa ce OHH He 6H MOfJIH CMaTPaTH H3Be,ne HHM. To Ba:lKH H 3apouiUaiilu ('H3paJKaBaTH He3a,nOBOIbCTBO, Hero,noBam'), Ma,na lie OHO npe 6HTIf BapHjaHTa OA OHoMaTOnejcKor xpouiilaiUu '6Hm y xponuy; KpKIbaTH, xpHnaTH'.
332
6.2.15. EJIaro nejopaTHBHO no 3HaqefhY je H -ecaTH, y uu?l1ecaiUu 'Ma JIO menaTH' H y caCBHM Hey06HqajeHHM marOJlHMa iUpy6eeamu (= TPy6e TaTH, B. cJIeAehH OAeJLaK), iUYM6eeaiUu ee 'TYM6aTH ce, KOTpJbaTH ce' (y PMC CjeAHHM UHTaTOM H3 JIanHna), AyoeeaiUu ce 'JIYAHpaTH ce', 6yoaAe caiUu (y peqHHKY CAHY). 6.2.16. -OCaTH (-oweM)je BepoBaTHo rpqKOr nOpeKJla, Kao H -ucaiUu: BHAH CKoKa 1955:38 H y peqHHKY nOA -ueaiUu1. Ca HMeHHqKHM OCHOBaMa AOJIa3H y ZIle!jocaiUu, :JICuzoeaiUu, 3eJW1boeaiUu (ee) ('nocTaTH Kao 3eMIba, A06HTH 60jy 3eMIbe', anH '1emhe 'onHTH ce nOTnYHo'); C npHAeBCKOM OCHOBOM y MpiUeoeaiUu (PCAHY: 'cnaBaTH ,ny60KHM, TemKHM, 6ecBecHHM CHOM', a y nOBpaTHOM 06JIHKY 'onHTH ce AO 6ecBeCTH ').
6.2.11. AyrMeHTaTHBHO je H -ycaTH y opMycaiUu 'ApMaTH CHaJKHO, rpy 60, Ha MaxoBe'. Ee3 UHTaTa, PMC 6eJIe)f(H H 6(j)eJlyeaiUu ee = 6enacaTH ceo 6.2.18. CYIPHKC -TaTH (-heM) y HaqeJIY AOJIa3H Ha OCHOBe ca 3aBp meTKOM Ha KOHCOHaHT. IhY3CTaK 6H MOrJIa 6HTH TpH-qeTHpH marOJIa Kao zyzyiUaiUu, KOKoiUaiUu, K)lIcyiUaiUu (0 KYKaBHUH: Y PMC npeHCTO H3 BYKO Bor PjeqHHKa), eBeHTyanHo H KpeKeiUaiUu, y KojHMa ce peAynJIHKaTHBHa OCHOBa 3aBpmaBa Ha BOKan. CJIHqHO CYIPHKCHMa -eiUaiUu, -oiUaiilu H -yiUa iUu, H oBaj AOJIa3H CKOPO HCKIbyqHBO Y oHoMaTOnejcKHM rJIarOJlHMa. UPH TOM OA MHorHX OCHOBa nOCToje H CBpmeHH rJIarOJIH Ha -llYiUu, Hnp. zpaK iilaiUu - zpaKllyiilu, 6peKiUaiilu - 6peKnyiilu, KAuKiUaiUu 1 - KAUKnyiUu 1 (3a KAuKiUaiUu 2 - KAUKllyiUU 2 BHAH 6.10), H TaKO HCTO 3a
= I{UAUKaiUu, zpaKiUaiUu =
zpaKaiilu, zaKiUaiilu = zaKaiUu
H CJIHqHO. ,lWyre TaKBe napOBe qHHe eYKiilaiilu H CYKJbaiUu, Keeiilaiilu H KeeKaiUu, 3eeKiUaiilu H 3eeKeiUaiUu, iUouiilaiUu H iUouoiUaiUu, KAoKiilaiUu H KAoKoiUaiilu (anH PMC 6eJIe:lKH 3a KAoKiUaiUu H ,npyro 3Haqefhe, 'KJIHKTa TH', 0 OPJIY) HTA. OA n03HaTHX OHOMaTonejcKHx marOJIa nOMeHHMO jom zpoKiilaiUu, pOKiilaiilu (YKynHo neT 3Haqea.a y PMC), wiileKiilaiilu, eUKiUaiUu (qaK 10 3Haqefha), wUKiUaiUu (= mHillTaTH, mHKaTH, 0 3MHjH HJIH ryCKH), y3 APyro wUKiilaiUu = wUKJbaiUu, rAe OHoMaTOnejcKa BpeAHocT HHje TaKO H3paJKeHa: 06a HMajy H nepIPeKTHB wUKnyiUu. Y HeKOJIHKO qeCTHX rJIarOJIa Kao mTO cy iUpeuiilaiilu, AuuiUaiUu, AauiilaiUu (xAa-), eouiilaiilu, I{euiilaiilu l{euiil[jJeiilu, C npe3eHTOM l{eUiilUM) OCHOBa HHje jacHo OHOMaTonejcKa HH
}
333
6.2.18.1. OA HMeHHqKe OCHOBe je oaxiUaiilu (ca CBpmeHHM Oaxllyiilu). He Aenyje y6eAIbHBO Ea6HlieBa cyreCTHja (1986:459) Aa ce "oax cxsalia Kao oHoMaTonejcKa qeCTHua, a He Kao HMeHHua". 6.2.19. -ATIlTH, YfJIaBHOM ca 3Ha'lea.eM HCKH,naHe H Heyje,nHaqeHe pa,na.e, y3 H3BecHY nejopaTHBHOCT, Hana3HMO npe CBern y AOMaiUaiilu (qe THPH 3Haqefha y PMC, Y3 jom ABa 3Haqefha 3a nOBpaTHO AOMaiilaiUu eel, BepOBaTHO OA HCTOr rJIarOJIa H lUlMaiilaiilu 'MJIaTapaTH, Maxam', 3aTHM y PeTKOM l!)'ilaiUaiilu (,,.nHM. H nej. npeMa JIynaTH"), KAouaiUaiUu (= KJIona paTH, KJIOnOTaTH) H CJIH'IHHMa. K.tzUMaiUaiUu 'MJIHTaBO nOKpeTaTH 'IBM (rJIaBOM, HoraMa) OBaMO-OHaMO, MJIaTapaTH' Aano je C npeIPHKCOM BeOMa IPpeKBeHTHH maroJI paeKAUMaiUaiilu. UejopaTHBHOCT je H3paJKeHa y ZIlyMa iilaiUu 'H3BeillTa'leHO fJIYMHTH', fJIarony KOjH HaJKanOCT jom HHje 3a6eJIe )KeH y cpnCKHM peqHHUHMa (6eJIe)Ke rn AHHIi 1998 H Ea6HIi 1991:493). O,n HMeHHqKe OCHOBe je nozaiilaiilu 'YAapaTH, TYIiH HoraMa', Y3 nOBpaTHO no zaiUaiilu ee 'pHTaTH ce'. 6.2.20. 3a -eTaTH rpHUKaT 1955:71 KaJKe Aa je H3ry6HJIO AeMHHyrHB HOCT, OCHM Y cnojy C AeMHHyTHBHHM -K-, Kao y uy/{KeiUaiUu. 3a wyutKema iUu KaJKe Aa ce Taj rJIarOJI "YAaIbHO no 3Ha'lefhY OA wYwKaiUu H THMe H3ry 6HO AeMHH}'THBHOCT", anH He onHcY.ie TO 3Haqefhe (y PMC wyutKemaiilu H wywKawu cy Aam Kao CHHOHHMH). 3a oBaj CYIPHKC HHa'le je KapaKTepH CTHqHO Aa ce jaBJba ca oHoMaTonejcKHM OCHOBaMa, HJIH 6ap y fJIaroJIHMa aKYcTH'lHOr 3Haqea.a, rAe je npe3eHT Ha -WQM HJIH 'lemlie Ha -heM. TaKBH cy wyutlbeiilaiUu (y PMC H3je,nHa'leHO ca UlJIUiKawu H wYWKeiUaiUu, aJIH AOAaTaK eJIeMeHTa -.lb- Aaje My npe CBera 3Ha'lefhe Koje je 3a UlJIUiKaiilu Ha BeAeHO nOA 16, 'HejacHo, mymTaBO H3rOBapaTH 3y6He cyrJIaCHHKe, BpCKa TH'), 3aTHM wiileKeiilaiUu (= mTeKTaTH), 'leKeiUaiUu ('npoH3Bo,nHTH OillTaP, npOAopaH illYM, qerpTaTH'), 6Ae6eiUawu, KAeueiilaiilu, 3eeKeiUaiilu, iUpy6e iilaiilu CTPy6HTIf, 06W1HO HCnpeKHAaoo H HecKJIa.u;HO') H CJI. 3a KpeKeiUa iilu, MeKeiUawu, 6eKeiUaiilu HTA. BHAH HH)Ke nOA -Keiilaiilu. CPOAHO TOM 3HaqelbY jecTe H 3Haqelbe OACeqHe, yqeCTaJIe pa,na.e Kao y iilpeuemamu (= TPenepHTIf, TPenTaTH), AeUeiUaiilu (HeMOTHBHcaHO, aJIH oqHrJIeAHo y cpo,n CTBY ca CHHOHHMOM AeupwaiUu), AyUeiUaiilu (npe CBern IPHrypaTHBHO), 6y 6ewaiUu H CJI. OA HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe cy waKeiUaiUu ce 'TYIiH ce maKaMa' H Aauac peTKO 6eneiilaiUu 'rOBOpHTH KojemTa' (OA 6ena, BepoBaTHo no aHaJIOmjH ca AyQeiUawu H 6Ae6ewawu).
\
335
TBOp6a pe'iH Y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CyIjJHKCaQHja
6.2.21. 0 Cy
3HaqefbY CHHOHHM 3a zyzyiUaiUu, ZYKaiUu (0 rpmiQH), y .npyroM 3a zpzoUia iUu HJIH zpzolbuiUu.
334
6.2.22. -OT3TH (-olieM) ~OJIroH y nOBeneM 6pojy marOJIa C OHOMaTO nejcKoM OCHOBOM, KOjH 03Ha'laaajy ~yrOTpajHe, HCnpeKHJ}aHe HJIH nOHO BJLeHe 3BYKoBe: KUKoiUaiUu (ee), ca HCTHM 3Ha'iefbeM xu:xoiUaiUu (ee) H xo xoiUaiUu (ee), 3arnM zpoxoiUaiUu (ee), no PMC 'cMejaTH ce rpOXOTOM'181 HJIH '3Be'larn, TaH~pKaTH, mKpHnaTH', 1180KoiUaUiu, xpouoiUaiUu 'KpKJLa rn, xpHnaTH', zpzoiUaiUu ('~60PHTH, KJIOKOTaTH' HJIH 'npoH3Bo.nHTH rJIac H3 rpJIa, Kao .na Bo.na )Ky60pH'), ca CJIH'IHHM 3Ha'iefbeM 6p60iUaiUu (TaKolje 'npeTypaTH, Tpa)KHTH no BO.nH npoH3Bo~enH 6p60T, 0 naTKH H CBHfbH'), 0 Te'lHOCTHMa KIloKoiUaUiu H ZIlozoiUaiUu, 0 KOKomHMa KaKOiUaiUu (3a KOKO iUaiUu B. 6.2.18), 3a proHe BpCTe JIynKafba HJIH 6YKe iUouoiUaiUu, KIlouoUia Uiu, tuKlloiioiUaUiu, tuKpoiioiUaUiu, pouoiUaiUu HT~., y3 jom HeKOJIHKO Mafbe n03HaTHX, 06H'IHO 3acT)'nJLeHHX y pe'lHHKy caMO no je)J.HHM I.(HTaTOM H3 npHnOBe~a'lKe np03e. 6.2.23.
I1oBO~OM Cyq,HKca -yr3TH
(-ylieM), fpHI.(KaT 1955:70 no,ncena
Ha ~eMHHYTHBHy q,ynKl.(Hjy CemeHTa -yiU-, Kao y HMeHHMa THna MUIlY iUult, ,l(pazyUiult, y PYCKOM Ma/llOm(K)a H y ~pyrHM CJIOBeHCKHM 06JIHI.(H Ma. OT)'~a marOJIH ~eMHHYTHBHor 3Ha'lefba Kao eKaKyiUaiUu, epKyiUaiUu, uueKyiUaiUu, tuKpuiiyUiaUiu, xpuuyiUaiUu ('.neM. npeMa xpHnaTH' onHcyje ra PMC), 6/leKyUiaiUu ('.neM. o.n 6JIejaTH'), UlMpKyUiaiUu ('.neM. npeMa IDMpKarn H mMpKTarn') H cnH
6.2.24. -Il.3TH ~OJIa3H CHTepamBHHM HJ1H ~eMHHYTIfBHHM 3Ha'leIheM y jyPtlaiUu, 380ltllaiUu (no PMC '3BeKeTam' HJIH '3BOQaTH'), K/bytlaiUu (Yn. KlbY8aiUu, KlbYRYiUu), UlMPllaiUu, Wb)ltlaUiu (= rIJLYQKaTH), ZIlollaiUu mOQ KaTH). Ha oHoMaTOnejCKY OCHOBY ~OJla3H Y K8ollaUiu. fpHI.(KaT 1955:64 no MHIhe jom HeKOJIHKO marOJIa KOjH no eTHMOJIOrnjH ca,Jq>)Ke oBaj Cyq,HKC, aJIH ce .naHac He 6H MornH CMaTpam H3Be~eHHMa, jep cy H3ry6HJIH MOTHBanHjy: 6yltllaUiu ("nOpeKJIOM o.n HCTor KopeHa O~ Kojer je H 6YHHTH (ce]", Ka)Ke OHa, aJIH "O~HOC H3Meljy Ta ~a maroJIa .•. ~3Hac He nOCTojH"), zallaUiu (np B06HTIfo o.n Za3uiUu), Z1bellaiUu (o.n OCHOBe Z1bem-) HT.n. . 6.2.25. H3proHT ,neMHHYTHBHH Cyq,HKC je -YI\3TH (fpHQKaT 1955:65). OH ce y HOBHje BpeMe nOBJIa'lH npe,n CJIO)KeHHM cyq,HKCOM -)ItIKaUiu (B. HH )Ke), aJIH je H .naHac y06H'IajeH y Katu/b)ltlaUiu H e8lj)eiii..fl)ltlaUiu, a ~OHeKJIe H y z(2)1t1aiUu (ee). Pe'lHHI.(H HHaqe 6eJIe)Ke H :JICU8YllaiUu, ulj)e8)1t1aUiu, e8up)ltlaiUu, xpaMytlaiUu, tuaRiU)ltlaiUu, KIlUM)lllaiUu, /leiU)ltlaUiu H ,npyre .na Hac He MHOro pacnpOCTpafbeHe marOJIe. llallytlaiUu, no fpHQKaToBoj, "npe.ncTaBJLa BapHjaHT)' npeMa uallallaiUu, 6e3 o)J.roBapajyner OCHOBHor rJIaroJIa". TaKBo 3Ha'lefbe .naje H PMC, y3 HanoMeny ,,06. 0 3MHjH", aJIH .no~aje H jom TpH 3HaqeIha y KojHMa je ua.nyqaiUu O'lHrne)J.HO ~eMHHYTIfB o.n UallUiUu. 6.2.26. -YUK3TH je ,naHac Hajnpo~YKTIfBHHjH ~eMHHYTHBHH Cyq,HKC, BepoBaTHo 3aXBaJLyjyliH TOMe lliTO je H q,OHerCKH HajH3pa)KajHHjH. "fnaro RH KojH HMajy -lIK-", Ka)Ke fpHl.(KaT 1955:66, ,,KaTKa,n nOKa3yjy Beny.neMH HYTHBHOCT y nopeljefby ca rJIaroJIHMa KOjH HMajy -11-, llITO je H npHpO~HO 360r ~ocTpyKor 3HaKa ~eMHHYUHje." Ory,na je ,naHac, He caMO y KIhH)KeB HOCTH Hero H y OOH'lHOM rOBOpy, YOOH'IajeHo ceup)ltlKaiUu, u(j)eflJ'llKaiUu, paO)ltlKaiUu, KpaoYlIKaUiu, 0PeMYllKaUiu. pe3)1t1KaiUu, Zpe6)1t1KaUiu, iiuj)ltlKa iuu, CMej)ltlKaUiu (CMU-) ee, 60/l)ltlKaiUu, y3 .npyre HellITO pelje Kao tueUi)ltl KaUiu, /leUiytlKaUiu, eua8)1t1KaiUu, 'luiUYlIKaiUu, XU8)1t1KaiUu, KIlUMYlIKaUiu, ZIlaO)ltlKaiUu (ee), e8a~)ItIKaiUu ee HT~. HT,n.
6.2.27. -YraTH ce jaBJLa y 8ujyzaiUu (ee) (CKOK, no,n 8uUiu, nHme cy q,HKC Kao -jyzaiUu) H y aHaJIOmKOM 3MujyzaUiu ('KpeTaTH ce nonYT 3MHje': yn. H npH~eB 3Mujyza8 'BHjyraB Kao 3Mlfja'). ,Q,aHac, ,no.nyme, eujyzaUiu 6H CMO npe MOmBHCaJIH HMeHHII.OM 8ujyza, .naMe ca Cyq,HKCOM -aiUu. fume ~a,na He cna.n;ajy OBaMO 8epyzaiUu (,BHjyraTH, KpHBy.naTH', C ~Ba I.(HTaTa H3 XIX BeKa y PMC; CKOK 6ene)KH 8epyzaiUu ce, aJIH Kao H3Be.neHHny o~ 8e pyza = BepHra) HHTH Heo6H'1HO ueuplbyzaifiu 'pacKonaTH, pa3pOBaTH' (c je~HHM I.(HTaTOM H3 nonHna: BepOBaTIJO o~ uplbyza 'MpmaBa 3eMJLa').
336
TBopfia pe'lH
Cyq,IIKcaUllja
y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je311KY
6.2.28. -YJJ;aTH HMaMO caMO y Kpu8ydaiUu H y HeMOTHBHcaHOM 8PIlY daiUu. 3a oBaj, Kao H 3a npeTXOJJ;HH Cy
337
,Il;pyralfHje je npHpoJ(e HeHarnaweHH 3aBpmeTaK -ulttaiUu (-UltteM) Y rnarOJIHMa Kao iiottulttaiUu, 3auulttaillu, Hazulttaillu, KOjH HaCTaje HMnep
6.3.
-E8aiUu: BHJ(H -o8aiUu
(6.11).
-E8aiUu (H -uje8aiUu): BHJJ;H
8.5.
6~2.29. -qaTH (-ttUM) J(OJI83M Ha OHOMaTonejcKY OCHOBY C .u.yrHM BO
KaJIOM OJ(HOCHO J(yrHM P Ha Kpajy, y HeKOJIHKO marona Kao MettaiUu, KMe ttaiUu, 8pettaiUu, l/uttaiUu, cKuttaiUu, xyttaiUu, 1/8pttaiUu, 38pttaiUu. TIHTase je J(a nM Ty cn8J(a H rJIarOJI 6yttaiUu, KOjH ce TaKoge OJ(HOCH Ha 3ByK aJIH Y OCHOBH HeMa HeKY jacay oHoMaTonejy.
6.2.30. -maTH ce jaBJha CaMO y J(Ba npe
6.2.32. CPopMaHT -yut- je cnojeH ca J(eMHHYTHBHHM K y -ywKaTH, H Ty je "J(eMHHYTHBHOCT jacHo H3p8JKeHa" (rPHUKaT 1955:73). OBaj CY
6.4. -ETH (-jeTH) je, y3 HMnep
(aJIH OHH cy TOJIHKO '1ecrn J(a ce He oceliajy Kao H3BeJJ;eHH OJ( npHJJ;esa). liTO ce rnlfe rnarona OJ( npHJ(eBa 3a 60jy, OHH Kao Henpen83HH 3Ha'le CTHU8l:be 60je, Kao /fPltteiUu, 6ujeJbeiUu, cU8jeiUu, /fP8eltteiUu, 3e.tleltteiUu, pYMeltteiUu, ::JICyiUjeiUu, iiIIa8jeiUu, Modpeillu, iUaMltteiUu, aJIH CBH HMajy H nOBpaTHH 06JIHK ca CTarn'lKHM 3Ha'leH>eM: I/pltteiUu ce '61fTH UpH, HCTHua TH ce upHHnoM', 6ujeJbeiUu ce H TaKO J(an:.e. M3}'3eTaK je 6llujedjeiUu, Koje HeMa nOBpaTHor 06nHKa.
6.4.2. TIpe
TBOpOB pe'iJi Y CBBpeMeHOM cprrcKoMje3HK}'
CycpHKcaUHja
JUI, ami 06JIHUH CJlujeiljeiiiu, 2Ayejeiiiu H CJIM'IHM, Kao illTO CMO Beli peKJIH, .n:aJIeKO cy peljH o.n: npe
eKaBcKoj TepHTOpHjH H oceoewu KOZa. Y 6eorpa.n:CKOM rOBOpy TaKBa yno TPe6a Ba:JKH H 3a HeKe .n:pyre npena3He rnarone, HIIp. "Ocneneo je CHHa", "CaCBHM ra je 3aJIy.n:ena" H CJIH'lHO.
338
I
6.4.3. Y npHHUHny, -(j)ewu Kao cy
339
CBH OBH npHMepH nOKa3yjy .n:a cy Cy
6.5. -H8awu:
B.
8.6. -(H))e6awu:
B.
8.5.
6.6. 3a -upawu BH.n:H 7.1.
6.7. Ma.n:aje -HcaTH (-UZUe.M) rp'lKOr nopeKJIa, MeCTO MY je npe Mel}y .n:oMaIiHM Hero Meljy C1paHHM Cy
6.7.1. -HeaiUu ce '1ecTO jaBJba ca HMeHH'lKHM OCHOBaMa, o.n: .n:OMaliHX HMeHH1.{a MH o.n: cTapHX n03ajMJbeHHua. IIo 3HaqeILY ce MOry H3.n:BOjHTH TPH rnaBHe rpyne: (a) O.n: HMeHHua ca 3Ha'lea.eM :JKHBOr 6Hna, rnaroJI 03Ha'laBa nOHama a.e, Kao y oe.M6?/lueaiUu, zowoeanueawu, 6aoaeapeaiUu, xoxwiUaiillepu eaiUu, r/Jpajepueawu (ee), zuea/lepueawu ee, Maj.MYHueaiUU HT.n:., O)l:HOCHO
\
340
TBop6a pe'lH y caBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKy
06aBILalbe oApeljeHor nocna HJIH 3aHaTa Kao y Majciiiopucaiiiu, KellHepuca iiiu, MOllepucaiiiu, 6autiiioeanucaiiiu, a060Kaiiiucaiiiu, oupeKiiiopueaiiiu, xanoapueaiiiu, iip060oa¥ueaiiiu, naeooa¥ueaiiiu H CJI. npHMeTHO je lia OHe npBe YBeK HMajy nejopaTHBHO 3Ha'lelbe, AOK ce Apyre "ynorpe6ILaBajy \ y IllaILHBOM TOHY", KaKO Ka>Ke CTeBaHoBHn 1964 1:609. JleKiiiopueaiiiu \ '06aBILaTH JIeKTypy (TeKcTa)' H HeOJIOrH3aM eii01l30pueaiiiu (KOA n. OTa IlleBHna) Pa3JIHKyjy ce OA AocaA HaBeAeHHX rJIarOJIa no TOMe IllTO cy npe JIa3HH H IllTO HeMajy ailJeKTHBHoCTH.
Cy
341
pezYllucaiiiu, wueKYllucaiiiu [cue-), oepilopucaiiiu, e6aKyucaiiiu, eKcillloa iiiucaiiiu, oezenepucaiiiu [ce}, pezenepucaiiiu [ce}, OucKpUMunucaiiiu H MHorH )J.PYrH), OAHOCHO Ha -Ulluja (oepullucaiiiu), -Ylluja (iipociiiuiiiyuca i1lu eel, -lluja (uniiiepeenueaiiiu), -anlluja (iiiollepucaiiiu, U2nopucaiiiu) H TaKO )J.aILe. Y TaKBHM cJIY'lajeBHMa MO>KeMO CaMO KOHCTaTOBaTH 3aje)J. HH'IKY OCHOBY, jep HeMa pa3JIora 3a TBp)J.if>y HH )J.a je rnaroJI H3Be)J.eH H3 HMeHHue HHTH 06pHyrO (yn. 2.44 H )J.aILe).
1I3 )J.yra'lKHx cnHCKOBa Koje )J.aje O. PHCTHh-U:BHjHh 1970:135, 139-144 (B. H 147) MO>Ke ce 3aKILY'lHTH)J.a cy marOJIH KOjH ce jaBILajy je (6) npeKpHBalbe HnH o6JIaraH>e cyncTaHuoM KOjy 03Ha'laBa HMeHHua HCKa3yjy rnaronH Kao MMiiiepueaiUu, Kaiiipanueaiiiu, KMajueaiiiu, iiiyiii )J.HHO ca 3aBpWeTKOM -ucaiiiu rOTOBO YBeK CTape n03ajMILeHHue (npere>KHo TYPUH3MH, y3 nOHeKH rpeUH3aM, MaljapH3aM HT)J..), )J.OK HOBHjH Y'leHH ma KMucaiiiu, KMopMucaiiiu, iiyoepucaiiiu, KapMunucaiiiu, cYMuopueaiiiu, XIlopueaiiiu, pllyopueaiUu (nOCJIeAH>a ABa y KnajH 1992) H CJI. YZibelluca rOJIH (yrnaBHoM JIaTHHH3MH H ranHUH3MH) HMajy YBeK H BapHjaHry Ha -upaiiiu, Ha -oeaiiiu HJIH o6e. TaKaB 3aKILY'laK, HnaK, Ba)!(HO 6H caMO y)J.H iiiu (ee) 03Ha'iaBa CmiHTaH npouec npe Hero HaMepHY PMH>Y, H 3aTO ce Haj jacHCTeMY cpnCKoxpBaTCKor je3HKa. Y )J.aHaWlbeM cpnCKOM, HeMa HHKaKBe '1eIllne ynorpe6ILaBa y nOBpaTHOM 06JIHKY. CaMO H3Y3eTHO ce rJIaroJIH H3 BOAe H3 HMeHa anaTKe, Kao y penoucaiiiu H iiieeiiiepueaiiiu. CyMH>e )J.a cy rJIarOJIH HaBe)J.eHH y nperxO)J.HOM nacycy yo6H'IajeHH ynpaBo y TOM 06JIHKY, AOK 6H ce BapHjaHTe Ha -upai1lU ocehane Kao KpoaTH3MH. (B) PaAlbY HJIH pe3YJITaT PMH>e HMeHHua 03Ha'iaBa y MalbeM 6pojy
6.7.3. TaKolje C JIamHCKHM HJIH rp'iKHM OCHOBaMa, -ucaiiiu MO>Ke 6H TH H eKBHBaneHT 3a cyilJHKce -U3oeaiiiu O)J.HOCHO ('Iewhe y xpBaTCKoM) -U3upaiiiu, y rnarOJIHMa KOjH cy nOCTanH O)J. ilJpaHUycKHX Ha -iser HJIH He Ma'lKHX Ha -isieren, KaTKM H eHrneCKHX Ha -ize. Y npHMepHMa Kao iiolle Mucaiiiu, eKonoMucaiiiu, iiiepopucaiiiu, M02neiiiucaiiiu, M06U1lucafUu, OeMO 6U1lucaiiiu, xuunoiiiucaiiiu, cOlluoapucaiiiu ce H CJI. -ucaiiiu je )J.aHac 3HaTHO 06H'lHHje (Mo>K.D.a 360r cBoje KpaTKolie) Hero BapHjaHTe -U306aiiiul-U3Upa fUu. Y )J.pyrHM CJIY'lajeBHMa je 6ap je)J.HaKO ilJpeKBeHTHO Kao H -U306aiiiu, Hnp. y iiapMucaiiiu (= iiapMU3oeafUu), neyfUpMucaiiiu (= neyiiipMU306a 113BaH HaBeAeHHx THnOBa oCTaje jOIll nOHeKH rnaroJI Kao Kpynueaiiiu, fUu, -U3upaiiiu), KpuciiiMucai1lu, iiouYllapucaiiiu, ciiiepUilucai1lu, Monouo iiiuiiiYllueaiiiu, 6azaiiie.nueaiiiu 'nOTueif>HBaTH, OManOBa>KaBaTH', 6ynKepu Ilueaiiiu, KapaKiiiepucaiiiu H CJI. KaTKM )J.OJIa3H )J.O )J.eJIHMH'IHe )J.HilJepeHUH caiiiu 'cMecTHTH y 6YHKep' HT)J.. jaUHje, Kao y e.neKiiipU3upafUu CH3JIaraTH eJIeKTpHUHTery', 'H3a3HBaTH 6.7.2. IIMeHHuaMa cy MOTHBHcaHH H MHorH rnarOJIH HOBHjer )J.aryMa eneKrpH'IHH y)J.ap' H CJI.) anH nae.neKiiipucaiiiu ('HanYHHTH eJIeKrpHUHTe Kao Moiiiueueaiiiu, pepopMueaiiiu, pe3ep6ueaiiiu, oeKopucaiiiu, POPMYIlU TOM', 'IeCTO H ilJHr.), HJIHMOpMU3upai1lul-06aiiiu 'Y'IHHHTH MopanHHM' Ha caiiiu, lIe1l3ypueaiiiu, eaKIIUllueaiiiu, iiie.nezpapueaiiiu, ciiienozpapucaiiiu, cnpaM MopMucaiiiu 'pacnpaBILam 0 MOpany'. eiiiUMYllucaiiiu (c oKplbeHoM OCHOBOM) H )J.p. ETHMOJIOWKH, MeljYTHM, OHH 6.7.4. CaCBHM cneUHilJH'lHH CJIY'lajeBH cy xeMueaiiiu ce 183, rAe je cy HaCTanH O)J. crpaHHx rnarOJIa (ilJpaHuycKHX Ha -er HJIH HeMa'lKHX Ha rp'lKH CyilJHKC )J.O)J.aT Ha )J.oMaliH rnarOJI PMH CeMaHTH'IKe AHilJepeHUHjauH -ieren) H 6e3 CYMH>e cy 6HJIH n03ajMILeHH HCTOBpeMeHo ca HMeHHUOM. Yn. je (Aa 6H HarJIaCHO eJIeMeHT Pa3MeTILHBOcTH, KOjH HHje 06aBe3HO npHcyraH uappUMueaiiiu HacnpaM uapPeM, rAe pa3JIHKa y BOKany OCHOBe nOTH'Ie )J.H y X6MUiiiu eel, H 6uiiiucai1lu « TYP. bitmek, ca 3Ha'lelbeM 'nponaCTH, He peKTHO H3 ilJpaHUYCKor H3rOBopa pe'lH parfomer O)J.HOCHO par/urn. cTaTH', npe CBera y ilJpa3eOJIOrH3MY 6U1lo u 6uiiiuCMO). 3Ha'lelbe 'nocroja .l(pYrH, jow 3HaTHO 6pojHHjH rJIarOJIH CTpaHor nOpeKJla HMajy Ha TH, >KHBeTH' PMC )J.aje Kao noce6HY O)J.pe)J.HHUY, 6uiiiucai1lu 2, anH HeMa cnpaM ce6e HMeHHUY Ha -alluja (oepopMucaiiiu, unpopMueaiiiu, iiiPOl"l cpopMucaiiiu, ouepucaiiiu, uncuupucaiiiu, oeKilapucaiiiu, uniiiezpucaiiiu, 183 Y HH
342
TBop6a pe'lll y caspeMeHoM CpncKoMje3llK)'
Cy$HKCaQllja
343
6aKpuiilu (oBa 'I'pH 'Ieillne Kao neT C npe
jHM 3Ha'lelbeM H KOpu'luiilu H eO)empumu. MaaH je 6poj rnarOJIa KOjH 3Ha
6:7.5. Cy
illu, Uilacillumu, upawumu ('.ll.H3aTH npawHHY', aJIH ceK)'H.ll.apHO H ''IHCTH \
6aoucamu ~y PMC Cje,lJ.HHM UHTaTOM H3 E. nOCHna), Koje je BepOBaTHO ca TH O.ll. npamHHe, HcnpawHBam', nope.ll.
MO BapHjaHTa O.ll. 6aOa6a~ucaiilu. CTpaKTHHjeM DJIaHy wmeil1umu ('HaHOCHTH WTery', aJIH HenpeJIalHO H ''I'p
nem WTeTY'), uycillowumu, Uil(uj)eHUmU. HeKH O.ll. OBHX rJIarOJIa, Kao Ka 6.8. BeoMa nnO,lJ.HH Cy
npH,lJ.eBCKe OCHOBe, a noce6Ho y npe
lf3alHBa naJIaTaJIH3aI.{Hjy Benapa K (upocja'lUmU, uaHu'luiilu), z (iilaAoxu 'npeTBapaTH ce (y OHO IllTO HMeHHua 03Ha'lasa),.
mu, K1bUXUmU) H x (cyiuuiilu, cupoMawuiilu), Kao H npoMeHe 'tf > 'l (Ma HeKH marOJIH HMajy OCHOBY ca 3Ha'leH:.eM opyl)a, aHaJIOrnO OHHMa zap'luiUu, uapHu'luiilu ce), 3 > X (caMO y PeTKOM KHexUmU) H CK > wiU (y THna illypuujaillu (6.2.1), aJIH Y 3HaTHO MalbeM 6pojy: illeciilepuiilu (nope,n 60wiUuiilu H Ibyiumuiilu). If3Be,neHH marOJIH 6e3 npe
cyMa.e ,na je TO HaKHa,nHH CeMaHTH'IKH pa3Boj npB06HTHor TYPUH3Ma, YCJIe.ll. YKplllTalba C marOJIOM 6umu.
6.8.1. O,n HMeHHua Koje 3Ha'le :lKHBa 6Hna, npHJIH'IaH 6poj a.HX 03Ha '1aBa KapaKTepHCTH'IHO nOHaillalbe MJIH 3aHHMaa.e (CJIH'IHO OHHMa Ha -uca iilu Koje CMO HaBeJIH no,n 6.7. 1. a): cUileiilKapuiilu, zociiooapuiilu, cUila6apu iilu, iilop6apuiilu, ue'laA6apumu, Kauwapuiilu, c6awmapuiilu, KpujYM'lapU mu, Meweiilapuiilu, ciilpaxapuiilu, 6ecuoC/lu'lapUmU, CUiilHU'lapuiilu, pe 36apuiilu, pu6apumu, ciilpaH'lapuiilu, c6(j)eOO'lUmU, e(j)ewiila'luillu, jaM 'luillu, 6.nyOHU'luiilu, upocja'luiilu, uujaH'lUmU, 'tf(j)euuOlla'lUmU, m6poU'lU iilu, Myopujawuiilu, ceKiilawumu, KU'tfOWUmU ce H CJI. 3HaTHo Malbe je 3a CTYD.ll.eHO 3Ha'lelbe 'noCTajaTH COHO IllTO HMeHHua 03Ha'laBa)" Kao y cupO Mawuiilu H y nOBpaTHHMa zociioouiilu ce, MOM'luiilu ce, o(j)e60j'lUmU ce (CBa TpH cy 06H'IHHja Kao nCT: uozocuooumu ce, 3aMOM'lUmU ce, 3ao{jjeeoj'lUmU ce). (])aKTHTHBHH cy rnaroJIH Kao uyUumu, KaAyljepumu, ljaKoHumU, KHe:JICUiilu H CJI.,
6.8.2. Mel)y H3Be.ll.eHHuaMa o,n HMeHHua He)KHBOr 3Ha'lelba MorynHo je H3,nBOjHTH rpyny rJIarOJIa KOjH 3Ha'le npeKpHBalbe, 06JIaralbe, HcnYlba BaH:.e H CJI., CJIH'lHO marOJIHMa Ha -ucaillu (6.7.1.6): 60juillu, Kpe'lUmU, Ma ciiluillu, ljy6puillu, COIlUmU, weliepumu, ueueJluillu, 3llamUmU, cpe6pumu,
6.8.3. 3a BeJIMK)' BenHHY H3Be,neHHua o,n He)KHBHX HMeHHua He MO)Ke MO ,naTH onwry ceMaHTH'IK)' .ll.e
6.8.4. Mel)y rnarOJIHMa CnpH.lleBCKOM OCHOBOM, HajBHIlle HX np"na,na THny 60zamumu, 1j. npeJIa3HHX ca 3Ha'lelbeM npH.llaBaaa 'IeMY oco6HHe HC KalaHe npH.ll.eBoM. TaKBH cy H cywumu, 6Jla:JICUiilu, UyHUmU, uptl3HUillu, owmpumu, iUyUumu, Kpueumu, Jla6aeuiilu, CUillHUmU, KplfJuillu, CaKaiUuiilu, lbyWUmU, KUCe/lUmU, 'lucil1uiilu, 6ucil1puiilu, zapaeuiilu, 'laljaeumu, xpa6pu illu, 60opumu, 6ece/luiilu, illp(uj)e3HUmU, jeoHa'luiilu " ,np. 3a BeJiHHy IbHX nOCTOj" H nOBpaTHH 06J1HK, ca 3Ha'lelbeM CTHuaaa oco6HHe (6azaiiluiilu ce HT.ll..). O,n KOMDapamBa je H3Be,neHO illa1bumu, ,nOK 6" 0Y:JICUillu. 6/lU:J1CUillu, 6llaxuillu, Olll&uWU MOrJI" .na 6y.ll.Y 6HJ10 O.ll. KOMllapaTHBa HJ1H O.ll. n03HTHBa.
344
345
TBop6a pe'!.K Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKQMje3KK)'
Cy
TIpH,neBH Ha -talK, -OK, -eK ry6e Taj 3aBpWeTaK npHJlHKOM H3BO~eH rel="nofollow">a, Kao y Kpaii1ufiiu, CJlaoufiiu, 6J1uxufiiu (YKOJIHKO je o,n 6J1U3aK), Oa/bufiiu (YKOJlHKO je o,n OaileK), oy6ufiiu ,nyncTH), raupufiiu. liTO ce THqe CY«PHK ca -(a)H, OH roTOBO YBeK oma,ua Y TIC marOJlHMa (0 qeMY B. HH)ICe), aJIH OB,ne no npaBHJly oCTaje, Kao y UPa3HUii1U, eufiiHuii1u, ii1p(uj)e3Hufiiu. 3a ry 6Ibea.e Cy«pHKca HHCY CHrypHH npHMepH eHaxufiiu (Koje 6H MOrJlO 6HTH o,n HMeHHue eHaza) HHTH 6youfiiu H XAaoufiiu, ,nBa marOJla Koja cy ceMaH THqKH He3aBHCHa o,n np.a.neBa 6yoaH O,nHOCHO XAaoaH (6youfiiu He 6HCMO ,ne«pHHHCaJIH 'qHHHTH 6Y,nHHM', Hero 'npeK.a.naTH (KOMe) caH, ,nH3aTH H3 CHa', Kao y PMC; XAaoufiiu je aHTOHHM o,n zpejafiiu, a HaCnpaM OBor maro Jla He nocTojH npH,neB o,n HCTe OCHOBe).
TpH 3HaqeH>a y PMC), .m1zufiiu (06HqHO y ,neqjeM roBOPY), ceUpufiiu (Hapo,n CKH HJlH 3aCTapeno), TaKO H CM(Uj)ewUii1u ce H jow nOHeKH.
TeopHjcKH, OBaKBe «paKTHTHBHe rnarOJle HMaMO H o,n npH,neBa 3a 60 jy, aJIH Y pe,noBHoj je ynOTpe6H jow CaMO 6(uj)eJluii1u (KOjH 03HaqaBa je,nHY KOHKpeTHY TexHonowKY onepaUHjy, y06HqajeHY y npaH>y H y npoH3Bo,nH>H TeKCTHJla). OCTaJIH, Kao I1p6eHUfiiu, I1PHuii1u, 3eJleHUfiiu, xyf1lufiiu H cn., nocToje MO)K,na jow caMO y peqHHUHMa, a y npaKcH ce 3aMeH>yjy CHHTarMa Ma (60juii1u/rjJap6aii1u y lfP6eHO H cn.). 3a H>HXOBO H36eraBaH>e pa3JlOr 6H Morna 6HTH TeWKona ,nH«pepeHUHpaa,a o,n HenpeJla3HHX rJlarOJla Kao I1pee Hefiiu (-'befiiu) H nOBpaTHHX Kao 6eJlefiiu (6uje.tbefiiu) ee. C ,npyre CTpaHe, nOBpaTHH rJlarOJlH '1eCTO HMajy ynpaBo Cy«pHKC -uii1u, H TO He caMO OHH npeJIa3HO-nOBpaTHH (nma IIpeeHuii1u ee 'Ma3aTH ce upBeHHJlOM', y PMC 6e3 UHTaTa) Hero H OHH KOjH 3Haqe 'HMaTH 60jy, HCTHuaTH ce 60jOM', Kao 3eJleHUfiiu ee (nope,n 3eJleHeii1u!-IMfiiu ee: PMC 6eJle)ICH npHMep "Jow ne HaM ce rpaHe 3eJleHHTH"), Wzaeuii1u ee (y PMC "nnaBHna ce qy,nHa 6HIbKa" H ,,.naJIeKH BH,nHUH rnIaBHJlH cy ce"), pYMeHuii1u ee ("pYMeHHJle ce nYRe 60 ue BHHa", "pYMemmo ce He60"), raapeHuii1u ee (CaMO TaKO: HHje 3a6ene )ICeH 06JlHK raapeHeii1u/-lbeii1u, Ma,ua HecYMH>HBO nocTojH).
6.8.5. O,n np.a.neBa HMaMO jow HeKOJlHKO rJlarOJla KOjH cy caMO He npeJla3HH, ca 3HaqeH>eM CTHuaH>a oc06HHe, Kao eii1apuf1lu, ii1pYJlufiiu (PMC HMa H ii1pYJleii1u/-Jbeii1u, aJIH ra ynynyje Ha ii1pYJluii1u), neJlaeuii1U, nopaeu ii1u, Mpraa6ufiiu (c npe«pHKCOM H oMpraaeDJeii1u), HnH nOce,nOBaH>a OC06H He, Kao HaZ/luii1u H zop'lufiiu (6HTH ropaK). OBaj nOCJle,nH>H MOlKe 6HTH H npena3aH, ca 3Haqea.eM '3aropqaBaTH', WTO Ba)KH H 3a CJlaoufiiu (PO), CJla 6uii1u H Kpeaeufiiu. HCKIbyqHBO nOBpaTHH cy marOJlH KOjH 3Haqe nOHawa H>e, KaO zopoufiiu ee, OXOJlufiiu ee, JlaKoMuii1u ee, xeeii1ufiiu ee (PO) H MO )IC,na jow KOjH peijH marOJl.
6.8.6. O,n rJlarona Ha -aii1u MOry nOCTaTH maronH Ha -uii1u, WTO fpHU KaT 1955 03Ha'iaBa Kao je,nHY BpcTY ,neMHHYUHje, Y3 HanOMeHY ,na YBeK HMa ,nyroy3Jla3HH aKl.{eHT Ha OCHOBH: cUuuii1u (' CHTHO H THXO na,naTH', jow
6.8.7. -Hii1u je ,naJIeKO HajqewliH CY«PHKC y TBOp6H npe«pHKCaJIHO-CY «pHKCaJIHHX marona. Y ,neJly 0 npe«pHKcaUHjH, o,n 5.33.3 ,no 5.33.20, HaBeJIH CMO ,nOCTa npHMepa ca npe«pHKcHMa 00- (Hnp. 001rycypufiiu), 3a- (Hnp. 3a 'Ieiiuii1u, C np.a.neBcKoM OCHOBOM 3aZJlyrauii1u), U3- (U3ycfiiuii1u, U30ua'lU
~
ii1u), Ha- (HaYMufiiu, Ha30paeuii1u), Hao- (HafiiKpUllUfiiu, HaoMyopuii1U), 0
(Hajnpo.nyKTHBHHjH npe«PHKc: OCJl0600ufiiu, oMozyliuii1u), 00- (caMo y He KonHKO HeH3BeCHHX npHMepa), ilo- (iloii1yp'luii1u, iiojerjJfiiuHufiiu, ca 3aMe HH'lKOM OCHOBOM iloHuraii1ufiiu), iioo- (iloojapMufiiu, .JioOMJIaoufiiu), upe (ilpe.Moeii1ufiiu, CnpHJlOWKOM OCHOBOM ilpeuHa'luii1u), ilpeo- (caMo ,nBa ma rona), ilpu- (ilpu3e-Wbuf1lU, ilpu'lepcii1ufiiu, ca 3aMeHHqKOM OCHOBOM ilpu ceojuf1lu), upo- (iipoHeeDJepuii1u, iiP03AUfiiu eel, PQ3- (paeiiapuii1u, pQ3ja eHufiiu), e- (cKpefiiuii1u, CMalbUfiiu), cy- (CaMO Gyl/eJlufiiu H CY0'lufiiu), y (BeoMa npo.nyKTHBaH: ycpeliuii1u, yciiopuii1u, C npHJlOWKOM OCHOBOM yHa iip{ujJeouii1u, YHQ3aOufiiu, C6POjHOM yoeojufiiu HT,n.), Y3- (y3He.MUpufiiU, yc iipaeufiiu). H30CTaBIbeH je HalKaJIOCT npe«pHKc 06-, KOjH ca HMeHHqKOM OCHOBOM ,naje o6oapufiiu, o6pa3J1oxuii1u, OiiKOJlufiiu, Oii'lUHUfiiu, oile(j)eHuii1u (Y3 nOHeKH pe~H Kao 06jyxuii1u HJIH oilraaH'Iufiiu), a C npH ,neBCKOM 06Hoeufiiu, o6jacHufiiu, o6Haxuii1u, 063HaHufiiu.
Ii J~
l~ 'i
t: :.\
Ii:1
TIp.a.neBcKH Cy«pHKCH ce Y TIC TBOpeHHuaMa ,nOCTa peTKO qysajy, Kao y olieJlaeuii1u, oOpeeHufiiu, CIlOjaHuii1u (ee). qewne Hcna,uajy: CY«PHKC -talK y iiOHU3Ufiiu, iipop(uj)eoufiiu HT,n., -OK Y iioeucuii1u, -eH y ycaeprauii1u, -uii1 y OWze.MeHuii1u, -cKii y U3e(j)ewii1a'luii1u HT,n. IIlTo ce TH'Ie CY«PHKca -(a)H, OH ce qysa CaMO y ,nBa-TpH maraJla KaO o6jacHufiiu, pQ3jacHuii1u, iipuii1(uj)ecHu ii1u, HaeoOHuii1u, r,ne 6H 6e3 H>era OCHOBa nOCTaJIa Henpen03HaTIbHBa. MHoro '1ewlie H30cTaje, Kao y U36e306pQ3uii1u (ce), U36e3YMUii1U, ociioco6uii1u, 06e3ep(uj)eouii1u, iioucfiioeefiiuii1u, pacKOMoii1uii1u (ce), ycfiiailufiiu, Y036u Jbufiiu, yooefiiojufiiu H cn. OTy,na je H A. MeHall 1954 3aKIb}'1JHJ1a, Y3 onwHp HO 06pamOlKeH>e, ,na je caCBHM npaBHJlHO iiojeoHOcfiiaeufiiu, iiojeoHocfiia 8IbeH, a ,na HeMa pa3nora ,na ce 3aMeH>yje ca "noje.naoCTaBHIITH", "noje,nHo
CTaBH>eH", KaKO je cBojeBpeMeHo 3axreBao C. TIasewHli. 3a -ufiiu Kao B.a.nCKH Cy«pHKC B.
8.8.
CnO)ICeHH Cy«pHKCH:
6.8.8. CeMaHTH'iKH onHC fPHUKaTOBe UHTHpaH 3a -apaii1u (6.2.11) Ba )ICH H 3a Cy«pHKC -apHTH, Kao y THnHqHO nejopaTHBHOM p06apuii1u (o,n po 6Uii1U), y KIIaii1apuii1u ee (no PMC ca TpH 3Ha'leH>a: 'KJIaTIITH ce', 'HIiH no naKO C HanopoM, ByliH ce' H 'nyH>aTH, CKHTaTH ce'), y 3aCTapenOM XU6a pufiiu = )ICHBOTaPIITH (.nBa UHTaTa y PMC), HJlH YMJlafiiapufiiu H 6)'ffapuwu (ee) YMeCTO MHoro 06HqHHjHX M.IlaiUapaiUu, 6YlfapaiUu (ce). KpflapuiUu
346
347
TBop6a peQH y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy!jlHKCaQHja
('nonpaB./LaTH IlITO nOKBapeHO HJlH nOIlIe HanpaBJLeHO' HnH
6.8.11. -"IHTH 03Ha'1aBa BpIlIelbe cnY)f(6e Y cilipaxap'luiliu CTpaJKapHTH), uoxap'luiliu (He o,n uoxap Hero O,lt PO nOHMeHH'1eHOr npH,lteBa uoxapllu), y PeTKOM uaciliup'luiliu 'CJIY:lKHTH Kao naCTHp'. THnH'1HO nOHa IlIalLe 03Ha'1aBa y IIUZall'luiliu C)f(HBeTH Kao LVtraHHH', 'npocja'1HTH' H CJI.) H Y ilia6all'luiliu (= Ta6aHaTH,.nyro neIlIa'1HTH). IbHMa cy caCBHM 6JIHCKH H xueull'luiliu 'JKHBeTH Kao )f(HBOTHlba', uujall'lUiliu H lI(uj)ee'luiliu, Ma,na cy BepoBaTHO HacTaJIH o,n XU6Ull'le, uujauall OMOCHO lI(uj)e6Ka, TaKO ,na 6ap
6.8.8.1. O,n HMeHH'1Ke OCHOBe cy xueoiliapuiliu, MPlieapuiliu (ce) (CKOK, no,n o,npe,nHHuoM -ap-a-iliu, 06jamlLaBa ,na je HaCTaJIO "o,n Mpilieal/, C MeTaTe30M ... H3 *Mpili8llapuiliu H ry6HTKOM ili Y cyrnaCHH'1Koj rpynH") H Kpeapuiliu. 0 3Ha'1elLY H ynOTpe6H OBor nocne,nlber rJIarOJIa, noce6HO y nopel)eEby C rJIarOJIOM Kpeaeuiliu, cBojeBpeMeHO je 6HJIO ,nOCTa HopMamB HHX pacnpaBa, Koje 6ene)f(H JepeMHfi 1960. fnaron HeMa HHKaKBor nejopa THBHor 3Ha'1elba, aJIH je MorynHo, Kao IlITO Kft)f(e J1y60MHp CTojaHoBHn UHmpaH KO,n JepeMHna, ,na je 3Ha'1HO npe CBera ,,.LIa KpB nOMaJIO, Ha Maxo Be Te'1e H3 paHe". Y HaIlIe BpeMe MOJKe ce CMa1paTH,na cy Kpeaeuiliu H Kp eapuiliu npH6JIHJKHH CHHOHHMH, Ma,na je oHaj npBH npeTeJKHO npeJIa3aH (Kao IlITO nOKa3yje H npe
6.8.9. -KaPHTH HMa CJIH'IHO 3Ha'1eEbe Kao H npeTXo,nHH Cy
6.8.10. -YpHTH je y06H'lajeHo CaMO y opxiliypuiliu, ,neMHHyrHBy o,n opxiliailiu; Ha HCTH Ha'1HH HMaMO H jexypuiliu (ce) npeMa jexuiliu (ce) (pMC ra ,ne
6.8.12. -A'IHTH, ,nOHeKJIe nejopamBHo aJIH 6ro o,npel)eHor 3Ha'1elba, HMaMO npe CBera y Uleza'lUmU ce, upoa'luiliu ce 'npaBHTH cnp,nlby C KHM', Y eKcnpecHBHoM 3a6plba'luiliu (H t/Jplba'luiliu, 3arjJplba'luiliu: PMC 6ene)f(H H npoCTe rnarOJIe 6plbUiliu, t/Jplbuiliu, t/JPlbllyiiiU, aJIH caMO oBaj nocne,nlbH Cje,nHHM UHTaToM) H y ceoja'luiliu (ee) = eeojaKailiu (ce) (B. 6.2.7.1). HHje CHrypHO ,na OBaMO cna,najy lIyoa'luiliu ce 'npaBHTH ny,nOCTH', OU6lba'luiliu (ce) 'nocTynaTH Kao ,nHB./LaK' H 3acmpeJIo ilipena'luiliu ('1pH nyr npeopa BaTH IbHBY' HJIH 'nOCTaB./LaTH je,nH)' 1pehHH)' nOCJIaHHKa y CKynIlITHHH'), KOjH 6H MornH 6HTH o,n HMeHHua Ha -aK. HeMOTHBHCaHH cy (pa3)poza'luiliu H (uc)Kolla'luiliu (no CKOKY, s. V. poz O,nHOCHO KMO, ,nona3e o,npoza'l O,nHO CHO KOlla'l, aJIH no 3Ha'1elbY HeMajy Broe C mM HMeHHuaMa). 6.8.13. ·YWHTH jecTe ,neMHHyrHBHO y u(j)e6)'Uluiliu, aJIH je 6e3 3Ha '1elba y u(j)eHYUluiliu (ce) (= neHymaTH [cel), y caap)'Uluiliu (ce) (rnarony KOjH je ,n06PHM ,neJIOM HCTHCHYO npB06HTHO caapuiliu, Henoro,nHO H 360r napoHHMHje ca cuapuiliu), y cKopyumiliu (ce) = cKopuiliu ce, Kao H y pozy Uluiliu (ce). OBaj nOCJIe,nlbH rJIarOJI (o,naKJIe nPe
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TBop6a pe'lli y CaapeMeHOM CpncKoMje3IiKY
CycjlliKC3UHja
6.10. -HyrH je y npBoM pe.n:y CytPHKC 3a neptPeKTHBH3aUHjy (8.9). Kao npaBH .n:epHBaUHOHH cytPHKC jaBJha ce HajjacHHje y3 HeKOJIHKO npH.n:eB CKHX OCHOBa, y xueHyiliu (YKOJIHKO ra He H3BO.n:HMO H3 HeCBpmeHor rJIaro JIa), xueaxHyiliu (r.n:e ce H H3 npH.n:eBCKor CytPHKca CTOnHJIO ca H H3 rJIa rOJICKor), llaKHyiliu, y .n:aHac PeTKOM MpKflyiliu 'Mpa'lHTH ce', y 3aCTapeJIOM HJIH nOKpajHHcKoM ZpKHyiliu 'rOp'lHTH' H MeKHyiliu 'MeKlIlaTH'. MO)KeMo Ty .n:o.n:aTH H ilipYHyiliu (nopeKJIOM o.n: ilipYXHyiliu, aJIH .n:aHac Be3aHO 3a npH .n:eB ilipyo, Kao H ilipYlluiliu).
npH.n:eBa Mp3-aK), KaTKU H y3 npetPHKC c- Kao Y CiilepOHyiliu (ce), 3zyCHyiliU (ce), cKpajHyiliu (ce).
o
H3BoljelhY H3 HMeHH'IKHX OCHOBa MO)K.n:a 6H ce Momo rOBopHTH y npHMepHMa Kao yxacHyiliu, KopaKHyiliu, OaxHyiliU (yKOJIHKO HX He CMaTpa MO caMO 3a neptPeKTHBH3auHje o.n: yxacaeailiu, Kopa'lailiu, oaxiliailiu) H y PeTKOM iliezHyiliu (Koje ce, Hcnma, caMO y je.n:HOM o.n: CBOjHX 3Ha'lelha MO THBHme HMeHHuOM iliez). Ba6HIi 1991 :470 nOMHlhe H KflUKHyiliu, aJIH y 06e JIe)KaBalhY Jhy.n:CKHX rJIaCOBa MHCJIHMO .n:a je y Ha'leJIY maron npHMapaH, .n:OK ce HMeHHue KaO KflUK H3Bo.n:e H3 marOJIa HyJITHM CYtPHKCOM. (3a .n:pyro KflUKHyiliu B. cne.n:enH nacyc.)
\,
1 ~ ~
6.11. BeOMa npo.n:yKTHBHH onlJl'reCJlOBeHCKH CytPHKC -OBaTH (-yjeM) HMa H BapHjaHry -e6aiilll nOCJIe Hen'laHHX cyrnaCHI:tKa, HCTHHa y MalheM 6pojy marona Kao Kpafbeeailiu, ciliYUlbe6aiilu, 60xuneeaiilu, 6u'leeaiilu, Ma'leeailiu ce, a nocne p caMO Y l1apeeaiilll (.n:aHac pelje l1apoeaiilu). CaMo -oeailiu .n:OJIa3H nocne OCHOBa cTpaHor nopeKJIa Ha -It (ueIll1oeailiu, Keaplt0 eaiilu, UliliaHI10eaiilu H cn.) H Ha -'l (IlUII'l06aiilu, CMe'loeaiilu). Ca OCHOBOM Ha -Ul .n:aHac HeMa 06H'IHHjHX rnarOJIa, a OHH 3a6eJJe)KeHH Y pe'lHHUHMa HMajy -oeailiu, Kao aaUl06aiilu, ciilapO)eut06aiilu (PO), MapUl06aiilu (no pe.n: MapUleeailiu, aJIH .n:aHac YMeCTO je}J.Hor H .n:pyror MapUlupailiu). O'lHrne.n:Ho no aHaJIOrnjH C rnaroJlHMa o.n: HMeHHQa Ha -ciileo (THna apucycilieoeailiu), napa3HTCKO e ce jaBHJlo Hcnpe.n: CYtPHKca y Hauaciileoea iilu (pelje je uauacilioeaiilu), Y palllHpeHoM aJIH norpemHoM upoiliecili60ea iilu (nope.n: HcnpaBHor upoiileciiloeaiilu) H Y uO'laCilie06ailiu, Y'leciileoeaiilu, caY'lecilieoeailiu, r.n:e je .n:eJJOBao yrHQaj pycKor je3HKa.
HHje MaJIO marona Ha -Hyiliu 'IHje cy OCHOse Y3BHUH HJIH OHOMaTOne je. TaKo HMaMO axHyiilu 'Y3BHKHYTH ax', uxuyiliu 'BHKHYTH UX' (y PMC C je.n:HHM UHTaTOM H3 nomina), 1/01myiliu 'HcnYCTHTH rJIac 11' (HecBpllleHo 110Kiilailiu), 1/eOKHyiliu 'npOH3BeCTH rJIac 1/eOK' HJIH ,QMOKHYTH, , ajcHyiliu ('CBplll. npeMa ajcKaTH', a OBO 'Y3BHKOM ajc roHHTH BOJIOBe'), zpaKHyiliu (HeCBpmeHO zpaKiliailiu H zpaKailiu), 6eKHyiliu ('nYCTHTH mac 6e, 0 OBUH' HJIH 'H3YCTHTH, npOrOBOpHTH'), 1/auHyiliu 'npOH3BeCTH 3ByK l1au, y.n:aPH TH', UleunHyiliu 'nyliH 6H'IeM', KP1/HyiliU, iliYUHyiilu H CJIH'IHO, Y3 .n:pyre KO jH ce He Be3yjy TaKO jacHo 3a o.n:peljeHH Y3BHK, aJIH HM je OCHOBa HeCYMlhH BO tPOHOCHM60JIH'lKa, Kao 'leaKHyiliu ('y.n:apaTH KJhYHOM' HJIH 'lIlH6aTH 6H 'IeM'), '160KHyiliu, '1epKHyiilu, ltepKHyiliu (lIlecT 3Ha'lelha y PMC), KpKHyiliu, 3epKuyiliu (PMC Pa3JIHKyje .n:Ba marona: 3epKHyiliu '3BeKHYTH; 3BPUHYTH' H 3e!)Tmyiliu 'npoH3BecTH KpaTKOTpajHY 3BPKY, 3a3BpjaTH'), /bocHyiliu, ¢/bacHyiliu, ¢/bucHyiliu, ¢/bycHyiliu, ii.lba¢Hyiliu, Ul/bauHyiliu, aKHyiliu, :JICaltHyiliu ce, /leltHyiilu ce H .n:OCTa .n:pyrHX. TIPHJIH'IHY nonYJIapHOCT .n:o CTHrao je nOCJIe.n:IMiX ro.n:HHa KOMnjYTepcKH TepMHH KflUKHyiliu 2 (MHlIleM: HecBpllIeHo KfluKiliailiu2), npeY3eT H3 eHmeCKor (click) ynpKoc nocTOjalhY .n:oManer UlKlbOItHyiliU H ynPKOC XOMOHHMHjH ca KflUKHyiliu 1 'YCKJIHKHYTH' O,l(HOCHO KfluKiliaiilu 1 'KJIHuaTH'.
TIocne OCHOBa Ha -Oil, -yll, -op, -yp, -UOH HjOlll HeKHX .n:ona3H -uca iilu a He -oeailiu, BepOBaTHO ycne.n: .n:HcHMHJIaQHje (KOHiilpOilucaiilu, iliuiliy Ilucailiu, oeKopucafllu, ltell3ypucafllu, ueH3UoHucailiu H CJI.); H3Y3eTaK je U30Ilo6ailiu, a nocne OCHOBa Ha -OH (6e3 u) .n:HcHMHJIaQHje HeMa (KOMUOHO eailiu, pe30H06aiilu H CJI.);
6.10.1. Ca CYtPHKCOM -Hyiliu Ca'lHlheHO je H HeKonHKO TIC marOJIa, Y3 npe$HKc 0- Kao Y oiilepoHyiilu, o'lepcHyiliu, OZllyxHyiliu (o.n: npH.n:eBa ili6PO, 'lepciil, ZIlyx npe Hero o.n: marOJIa iliepoHyiilu, 'l6pCHyiliU, ZIlYXHyiliu, KOjH cY peTKH H BepoBaTHo HaCTaJIH .n:enpeBep6aUHjoM), OMp3Hyiliu (BepOBaTHO o.n:
- IIocne OCHOBa Ha -a, -6, -ili, -0 "npeBara je Ha CTpaHH CytPHKca -06ailiu, a He -ucailiu": eMaHItUa06ailiu, aucop60eaiilu, oucKJlilioeaiii.u, KOMaHooeafllu H CJI. (y3 H3Y3eTKe Kao zpyuucaiilu, eKcii.epUMeHiliucailiu, OKCU oucafllu).
6.11.1. McnHryjyliH KOjH tPOHeTCKH ycnoBH, y marOJIHMa cTpaHor no peKna, YTH'lY Ha H360p Meljy HCT03Ha'lHHM CYtPHKcHMa -oeailiu, -ucaiilu H -upaiilu, O.PHcTHIi-i(BHjHli 1970 ycneJJaje.n:a .n:olje (CTp. 156-161) aKO He .n:o 'IBpCTHX npaBHJIa, a OHO .n:o HeKHX jacHo npen03HaTJhHBHX TeH.D:eHuHja, HaHMe: - -Oeailiu He .n:OJIa3H aKO ce OCHOBa 3aBpmasa Ha BOKaJI HJIH Ha HeKH o.n: COHaHaTa e, /b, j;
- TIoCJIe OCHOBa Ha -c, -Ul, -3, -:JfC cne.n:H -oeailiu, a HHKua -ucailiu (aopecoeailiu, Kopiliewoeaiilu, KOHOell306aiilu, aHZax06aiilu); - MO)K.lJ:a y UHlhy H36eraBaH:.a cH6HJIapH3aQHje K> 11, Y Cp6HjH ce nOCJIe OCHOBa Ha K pUHje ynOTpe6JhaBa -oeaiilu (i1y6IluKoeailiu, ¢a6puKo 6ailiu, peoYKoeailiu, peupooYKoeaiilu H CJI.), MUa iIHje HCKlhyqeHo -upailiu (a6oul1upailiu, Pycu¢ulfUpaiilu);
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351
TBop6a pe'!H y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CYlPHKcaQHja
6.11.2. CnHQHO cy$HKcHMa -ucailiu If -upaiUu, -oeaiUul-eeaiUu je y HeKHM rJIarOJIHMa HeCBpmeHO a y .n:pyrnMa HMa .n:sOBH.n:CKY Bpe.n:HOCT. Y BeJIHKoj BenHHH rJIaroJi'li Be3yje ce 3a HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe, ycne.n: 'Iera CKOK 1955:37 KIDKe .n:aje "nocBG., .n:eHOMHHaJIHOr KapaKTepa". Meljy THM rJIaro JiHMa H3.n:Baja ce nOBena rpyna OHHX o.n: HMeHHl.\a ca 3Ha'ielbeM JLy.n:CKor 6Hna, r.n:e rJIarOJI 3Ha'iH 06aBJLalbe npo$ecHje HJIH, "Iemne, THnH'IHO nOHa maH:.e. TaKBH cy ICpatbeeailiu, azoeailiu, 6aHoeailiu, T<Meilioeailiu, wepoea
HT.n:.), CTapHjH repMaHH3MH (ueJllloeailiu, MOlloeailiu, ouxilioeaiUu, pay60 eailiu, wilieJloeaiUu HT.n:.), a nOlleB o.n: XX BeKa II CBe Bllme aurJIHu:H3aMa (o.n: KOjHx HeICH Y3HMajy oBaj Cy$HKC, .n:pym -upaiUu [B. 7.1.2], .n:OK HX Ha -ucaiUu HeMa): 60jICoilioeaiUu, 6oKcoeailiu, opu6lloeaiUu, 1CUoHauoeaiUu, IlUHIIOeaiUu, llo60eailiu, iluICHuKoeaiUu, CiliapilioeaiUu, pWlMoeailiu, pllep iUoeailiu, wiUpajKoeaiUu (ca H3roBOPOM npeMa HeMaqKoM) HT.n:.
iliu, wezpilioeailiu, xajoYlCoeailiu, jailiaICoeailiu, IIeiliHuICoeailiu, ~aICoeailiu, YlluilieJbeeailiu (-oeailiu), ilpujailieJbeeailiu (-oeailiu), opyzoeailiu, ilpopolCo eailiu, uujaHlleeailiu, o(j)eeoeailiu, MOMICoeailiu H CJI. MHorn OJ:{ H:.HX cy Be
3aHH 3a CTapHje H $OJIKJIOpHe KOHTeKCTe, aJIH TO He Ba)KH 3a OHe KOjH cy CTeKJIH onlJJTHja HJIH MCTa$opH'IHa 3Ha"lelba, Kao llapeeailiu, po6oeailiu, zoCilioeailiu, uOiloeailiu, 1C)'Moeailiu (IIeAfY), za:Jooeailiu (IIUMe), wypoeailiu (PO) it CJI. IlocJIe.D:H>Hx ro.n:HHa nOHOBO je CTeKao aKTyenHOCT rJIarOJI cp6o eailiu; 3HaTHO je pelje xpeailioeailiu (y PMC 6e3 U:HTaTa), .n:OK o.n: .n:pyrHx eT
HHKa H3rne.n:a J:{a He nOCTOje OBaKBe H3Be.n:eHHu:e. Jom .n:Be, 3HaTHO MaH:.e, CeMaHTH"IKe rpyne 'IHHe rJIarOJIH o.n: HMeHHu:e Koja 3Ha"lH pa.n:ay HJIH aKTHBHOCT (uoClloeailiu, CIlY:JIC6oeailiu, ceao6oea iliu, uupoeailiu, o6[jJeooeailiu, oopYIIICoeailiu, 36opoeailiu, MuiliuHZoeailiu, pailioeailiu, C npomHpeHHM 3Ha'ieaeM Mupoeailiu) H HeKOJIHKO H:.HX ca 3Ha '1eaeM npOBe.n:eHor BpeMeHa: e(j)eKoeailiu, 3UMoeailiu, Ileilioeailiu (lbe-), upa3Hoeailiu (PO), y3 peTKe oaHoeailiu H jeceHoeailiu (B. CTeBaHOBHh
1964 1:606). OCTajy jom .n:eCeTHHe H3Be.n:eHHu:a Koje ce He .n:ajy KJIaCH$HKO BaTH, jep HMajy Hajpa3JIH"IHTHje KOHKpCTHe HJiH anCTpaKTHe o.n:Hoce npeMa MOTHBHOj HMeHHU:H: 6ulleeailiu, KllMeHOeailiu, upcilieHoeailiu, Malleeailiu ce, UMeHoeailiu, Py,weailiu ce, ciliaHoeailiu, Ilozopoeailiu, ilillMHOeailiu (PO), wIColloeailiu, lleilioeailiu, oyzoeailiu, :JICpilieoeailiu (ce), wilieilioeailiu, CUIloeailiu, oapoeailiu, cae{j)eilioeailiu, 3ae(j)eilioeailiu ce, cilipaxoeailiu, iliyzoeailiu, 6olloeailiu, ZIlaooeailiu, YMoeailiu, Y3poICoeailiu, uoc(j)eooeailiu, pacxoooeailiu, pQ3lluKoeailiu, o6lluKoeailiu, CiliuxoeaiUu, 6oooeailiu, y Ma TeMamU:H cilieileHoeailiu H Kop(j)eHoeailiu, y JIHHrBHCTHU:Hjoilioeailiu H Ta
KO .n:aJLe.
6.11.3. Kao H .n:pyra .n:Ba .n:BOBlf.lI:CKa cy$HKca, -oeailiu ce ynoTpe6JLa Ba H ca CTpaHHM OCHOBaMa: .n:aHac je '1emhH Hero -ucailiu, aJIH peljH Hero -upailiu. JJ:yraqKH CfIHCKOBH Koje je .n:ana PHCTHn-:QBHjHh 1970:134-135 H 139-144 MOPaJIH 6H ce .n:pYK'lHje no.n:eJIHTH 3a .n:aHaUJH:.H je3HK, 6y.n:yhH.n:a paBHonpaBHo 6eJIe)Ke H CBe 3aCTapene 06JIHKe (KaO oUKilioeailiu, ICOHilipo Iloeailiu, pucICoeailiu H CJI.) H BapHjaHTe Koje cy .n:aHac caMO xpBaTCKe (Kao eMuiliupailiu, ICoHOeH3upailiu, cycueHoupailiu H CJI.). HnaK, OHH nOKa3yjy .n:a .n:aJIeKO HajBHme HMa HHTepHaU:HOHaJIHHX JIaTHHH3aMa, a .n:a HM CJIeJ:{e pe'lH H3 $pauu:ycICor (aHza:JICoeailiu, oepwzoeailiu, oewuppoeailiu, pe30Hoeailiu
HajBenH .n:eo TaKBHX rJIarOJIa je o.n: CTpaHllx rJIaroJICKHX OCHOBa, anH KO.n: aHrJiHU:H3aMa 06H"1HO je n03ajMJLeHa H HMeHHu:a HCTor nopeKJIa (6oj ICoili, IlUHII, pllepili HT.n:.), mTO 3Ha'iH .n:a HX MO)KeMO 1pCTHpaTH H KaO .n:eHo MHHaJIHe. TaKBa .n:BojaKa MoryliHoCT nOCTojH H 3a HeManH 6poj rJIarOJIa JIa THHCKor, $pauU:YCKor H .n:pyror nopeKJIa, peU:HMo aileJloeaiUu, iipoilieCilio eaiUu, uHiUepecoeaiUu, peciieICilioeailiu, pa6puICoeailiu, ilipujyMpoeailiu, aKlleHilioeailiu, oe6ailioeaiUu, u.mppoeailiu, oelCOIlilioeaiUu (ca oKpH:.eHOM OCHOBOM), aopecoeailiu, zapaHilioeailiu, 6(JJlcllMoeaiUu (6(JJl3-), UlIlupoea iliu, pwzoeailiu, weeplloeailiu HT.n:. CaMo y HameM je3HKY MornH cy HaCTa TH rJIarOJIH H3Be.n:eHH H3 eHrJIeCKHX repYlf.ll:Hja Ha -ing, KaO oOiiuHZoeailiu, ciiapuHzoeailiu, MuiliuHZoeailiu, y3 jom nOHeKH Kao Cilipuiioeailiu '06pa.n:H TH y Blf.lI:Y C1pHna' (eHrneCKH rnarOJI strip HeMa TO 3HaqeH:.e), cilieUoeaiUu (o.n: eHrJI. step, anH ca 3HaqeaeM eHrn. tap dance) HJIH ICoHili}'3oeailiu (o.n: pe.n:YKoBaHe OCHOBe HMeHHu:e KOHiliY3uja: .n:a je H3 JIaTHHCKOr Mopao 6H .n:a rJIaCH *KOHiliYHooeailiu, .n:a je H3 $pauU:YCKor *KOHiU}'3UOHUpailiu). CKO pamH:.H aHrJIHU:H3aM owzoeailiu 'npenpo.n:aBaTH (J:{eBIf3e, .n:pory Hen.)' 6Hne .n:a je OJ:{ PO npeTXOMO nooajMJLeHe HMeHHu:e awzep, npe Hero o,n eHrJIe CKor to deal.
6.11.4. OJ:{ nplf.ll:eBCKe OCHOBe H3Be.n:eHO je CaMO HeKonHKO rJIarona, ca 3HaqeH:.eM '6HTH X', 'lj. HMaTH OC06HHy KOjy nplf.ll:eB Ka3yje: cllMoeailiu (Ta Kolje cllMoilioeailiu o.n: CaMOiUaH, ca PO), llJIooeailiu, MyOpOeailiu, peeHoea iliu, cupoilioeailiu, o6wzoeailiu (PO); TY MO)KeMO ,noJ:{aTH H lleHciUeoeailiu (lbe-), Ma.n:a je no 06JIHKY o.n: 3aCTapene HMeHHu:e 1l(zif)eHciUeo (y PMC Cje.n: HHM U:HTaTOM H3 MapKa Mrur,auoBa). 06pHyTO, rnaron epeOHOeailiu je $op MaJIHO OJ:{ nplf.ll:eBa, anH C063HpOM Ha 3Ha"leae H Ha TO .n:a je je):{HHH npena 3aH, MO)K.D:a 6H ra TaqHHje 6HJIO MOTHBHcaTH HMeHHu:OM ep(uj)eoHOciU. 6.11.5. O.n: npHJIora cy HaiipeooeaiUu, Ha:JaooeaiUu H npCTe)KHO xp BaTCKO oiieiUoeailiu. fJIaroJI iiocpeooeailiu Ea6Hn 1991:511 H3BO.n:H "o.n: npHjeJ:{JIOra", aJIH no 3Ha"leay 6H MO)K.D:a npe 6HO o.n: npHJIora iiocpeou, aKO He H o.n: nplf.ll:eBa UocpeoaH. H3 y3BHKa 3a nca IC)'UJ! « HeM. kusch o.n: $p. couche 'ne3H!', oJ:{aKJIe HOBO 3Ha"leILe ' nYTH! ') HaCTaO je rJIarOJI IC)'UJoeailiu (roTOBO YBeK y HMne paTHBy 1C)'wyj, IC)'UJyjilie, Ma.n:a PMC HaDOM Hje.n:aH npHMep y HH$HHHTH BY, H3 KpJIe)Ke).
Tsop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HK)'
CY
Y YJI03H CY
HeMatfKOr (rJ(e je nopeKlloM H3 cTapo
6.11.6. CJIOlKeHH Cy
C 063HPOM Ha orpoMaH 6poj rnarona Ha -upaiUu, Pa3YMJbI-lBO je WTO ce y'{vtHOrHMa OJJ. IbHXjaBJbajy allTepHaUHje OCHOBe npeHeTe H3 CTpallHxje 3HKa; Kao H JJ.pyre <poHeTCKe aHOMaJIHje. Hajyna.nJbHBHja Meljy IbHMa jecre npena3aK I< > 11, npeyJeT H3 HeMa'lKOr, Kao y My3U11upaiUu (HeM. Musik-+ musizieren), ZUM1WciUul1upaiUu, '1eCTO HaCnpaM HMeHHua Ha -l
352
6.11.7. CJlOlKeHe Cy
6.13.
B.
8.6.
-Y8aiUu: B. 8.7.
7. rnArOnCKM CY
7.1. 0 HajnpoJ(YKTHBHHjeM OJ( CBHX cT}JaHHx fJIarOJlCKHX Cy
353
113 JlaTHHCKOr cy H HeKe JJ.pyre HenOJJ.YJJ.apHOCTH H3Meljy cyrnacHHKa fJIarOJlCKe H HMeHH'IKe OCHOBe, Kao 0 H 3 (ailn.ayoupai11u npeMa ailn.aY3, el
354
Taop6a pe'lH y CaapeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
CycpHKCaQHja
jH MOJK,lla ca iieH,/ieillupaillu, HnH ca uopillpeillupaillu, f,ll.e OCHOBa MMa ,lI.y 6JIeTe ilopiilpe M ilopiilpeiil).
3Ha'lHOCTH MMeHHue (6/l0KUpaiilu, MapKUpaiUu) OnHOCHO ycne,ll. HaKHa,lI.HOr ceMaHTH'IKOr rrpOWHpeH>a marOJIa (uHiilpuzupaiilu 'rrpaBHm HHTpHre' aJIH H '6ynHTH HHTepeCOBaa.e, [3a]ronHuam" rrpeMa $p. intriguer).
IlMeHMue Ha -uja pe,ll.OBHO oCTajy 6e3 Tor cy$MKca: ilapooupaiilu, QM Heciilupaiilu, pexupaiilu, Koiluppiilu, ciiluileHoupaiilu, rpuHaHcupaiilu, rpaHiila3upaiilu, aiilporpupaiilu, pe~eH3upaiilu, iloiileH14Upaiilu HT,lI.. ):(0 He06HqHOr rrpeKJIanaH,a nOlllJlo je y rJIarOJIHMa MaHuKupaiilu M ueouKUpaiilu, rne -up- npHnana OCHOBH MCy$HKCY Y Hcm Max. OBH maro JIH cy no CBoj npHJIHUH on HeMa'iKOr manikiiren OnH. pedikiiren, $paHUY CKor nopeKJIa (naKJIe ca Cy$MKCOM -en a He -ieren), anH y cpnCKOM Cy$HKC je CBaKaKO -upaiilu (He -amu, jep oBaj npyrH npaKTM'IHO HHKana He nOJIalM Ha c-rpaHe HMeHM'IKe OCHOBe). MOrJIO 6H ce roBOPHTM 0 xanJIOJIOrHjH on *MaHuKUpupaiilu, *ueouKUpupaiilu, anH je MO)l(,ll.a TaqHHje penH na je OCHO Ba HMeHHue MaHuKup onH. ueouKUp OKpH>eHa. Y rrpHJIOr OBOj npyroj npeT nOCTaBUH rOBope Ha3HBH 3aHHMaa.a MaHUKep(Ka) (= MaHHKHp[KaJ) H ueOU.Kep(Ka) nenHKHp[Ka]), nOCBenO'leHH y PMC.
7.1.1. HajBeliH ,lI.eo marOJIa Ha -upamu qHHe H3Be,ll.eHHue on HMeHH ua, rOTOBO yseK CTpaHor nopeKJIa. Kao H OHH Ha -ucamu H ':oeaiilu, rJIaro JIH cy HecBpweHH HJIH nBOBHnCKH. MomBaUHoHH OnHOCH cy no Te Mepe PalJIHqHTH na ce He BpenH ynywTam HH y KaKBO palBpCTaBaH>e no CeMaH TH'IKHM rpyrraMa, KaKBO CMO 6ap neJIHMHqHO nOKYWaJIH 3a npyra nBa cy $HKca. On MHoro CTOTHHa npHMepa HaBe,ll.MMO 6ap Haj'lewlie: oOKmopupaiilu, MtlZUciilpupaiilu, ap6uiilpupaiilu, UluujYHupaiilu, rpWlo30rpupaiilu, UWloiilu paiilu, fiapaoupaiilu, pailopiilupamu, MaplUupaiilu, ciilaxupaiilu, UPOZH03U paiilu, uay:mpaiilu, peKllaMUpamU, UpozpaMupaiilu, ii.AaHupaiilU, HopMupa mu, zQ.//oilupaiilu, Macmcpupamu, /T)JKCY3Upamu ce, rpOpMupaiilu, KOHiilaKiilu paiilu, Maii1:ypupaiilu, ilporpuiilupaiilu, KpeOuiilupamu, uaKiilupaiilu, uaiileH iilupaiilu, oucii1aH14upamu (ce), HujaHcupaiilu, MOOeJlupaiilu, il03upaiilu, 6a 3Upaiilu (ce), cii1pyKiilypupaiilu, rpuzypupamu, 003upaiilu, MacKUpaiilu, Ou ii.AoMupaiilu, 14eHiilpUpaiilu, uaparpupaiilu, UlKapiilupaiilu, KOMii.AUMeHiilupa iilu, UlapMupaiilu, Ulurppupaiilu, rpWlmpupaiUu, aHKeiUupaiilu, opozupaiilu (ce), ii.AaKaiilupaiilu, eii1uKeii1Upaiilu, cKU14upaiilU, uopiilpeii1upaiilu, iileJlerpo Hupaiilu, 6apuKaoupaiilU (ce) (Haj'lewne C rrpe$HKCOM 3a-), xpoMupaiilu, eMaj/lupaiilu, ii.AoM6upaiilu, rpaiilupamu (eaiilupaiilu), acrpQ.//iilupaiilu. 6e iilOHupaiilu, 14eMeHiilupaiilu, iilyIUupaiilu (ce), Maiilupaiilu, Koeepiilupaiilu, a60piilupaiilu (PO), zapaxupaiilu, eUleJlOHUpaiilu (eUle-), MUHupaiilu, MU mpatbupaiilu (c OIq)H,eHOM OCHOBOM, a npeMa $paHUYCKOM mitrailler), y HO BHje BpeMe zpaHaiilupaiilu, paKeiilupamu, rpaKcupaiilu HTn. HTn.
Y HeKHM CJIyqajeBHMa MOTHBaUHOHa Be3a H3Meljy marOJIa H HMeHMue MO)Ke 6HTH caMO npHBH,lI.Ha (uapKUpamu) MJIH 3aMyneHa YCJIe,ll. BHwe-
355
7.1.2. Y naTOM mHcKY MOTHBHe MMeHHue cy yrJIaBHOM naTHHCKor H $paHuycKor nopeKJIa, y3 nOKojM rpeUH3aM H HTaJIMjaHH3aM. fepMaHH3MH cy 3HaTHO MaH,e 6pOjHH H npHna,ll.ajy $aMMJlHjapHoM pe'lHHKY: lUJlozupa iilu, Kpaxupaiilu, /lyrpiilupaiilu, lUiilpauaijupaiilu (ce), UliilpuKllupaiilu 'rrpe upTaTM', xOXUlmaii.Aupaiilu (PO), Y3 nOKojH HeMOTIfBHCaH KaO xorpupaiUu HJIM 6YXUliila6upaiilu. JepHej 1959:35 HCTH'Ie na je H 6aHlcpoiUupaiUu no HeMa'lKOM bankrottieren: HMeHHua je nOpeKJIOM HTallHjaHcKa, allH y HTaJIH jaHcKoM HeMa TaKBor marona. BeoMa 'Iecr je Cy$HKC -upamu Y3 eHmecKe HMeHHue, nO'leB on CTapH jHX n03ajM.rr,eHHua Kao UITO cy 6/lerpupaiilu, IUOKUpaiilu, iUpeHupaiilu (CBe -rpM npeKO $PaHIJ.YCKor), UlyiilupaiUu, rpaY/lUpaiilu, HOKayiUupaiilu, l)e3Upa iilu, na no HOBMX Kao iilecii1upaiilu, ciUouupaiilu (ca rrceynoaHrJIMQH3MOM ayiilocii1ouupaiilu), xeHouKeUupaiilu, OU3ajHupaiilu, y KOMnjyrepcKoj repMH HOJIOmjM rpOpMaiilupaiilu, rpaj/lupaiilu HTn. Hen MMajy penyKOBaHe OCHOBe MMeHHQa Ha -UHZ, Kao Ben nOMesyro iilpeHupaiUu, HOBHje I)ozupaiilu, HlIM y TYPH3MY 6YKUpaiilu (onaKJIe npe$HKCaJIHO ilpe6yKUpaiilu).
7.1.3. XH6pHnHe M3BeneHHue cy XUe14upaiilu (ce) (,,3anpaBo npeBe neHMua on Hepeupamu", npHMenyje 6a6Hn 1991:468), uetlaiilUpaiilu ('Iecro y rOBOpy, Ma,lI.a ra on pe'lHHKa 6ene)Klf CaMO KnajH 1992 H TO caMO y npe $HKcanHOM 06JIHKY ucue'laiilupaiilu), y cnoprCKOM pe'lHHKY RaxupaiUu, y TprOBa'lKOM ciUpYKUpaiilu (6a6Hn, HaB. M.: 06H'IHO y TprrHOM rrpuneBY, CiilpYKupaHa KOUlYlba H CJI.), )KaproHcKo liopKUpaiUu '6aQHTH y 3aTBOp'. TOMe MO)KeMO nonam M HeKODHKO onOManeHMX rypUM3aMa Kao lllTO cy ueHI)eii1upaiilu, 6aKCY3upaiilu, MaHzyiiupaiilu ce H nCT Y30piilupaiUu ceo 7.1.4. On npuneBa je CaMO HeKOllHKO rllarona, yrJIaBHOM C$aKTHTHB HHM 3Ha'leB>eM: aKiilueupaiilu, KOMii.AeiilUpaiilu, Oyii.Jlupaiilu, axypupaiUu. On repMaHH3Ma rpQ.//1U je HenpeJIa3HO rpQ.//UlupaiUu (caMo y KnajH 1992), 'neBaTH ru1M cBHpaTH C rrorpewHoM MHTOHaQHjOM' . Xu6punHH rnarOJIH /ly oupaiilu ce H ZilyUupaiilu ce 3Ha'le rrOHaIDaH,e MCKIl3aHO npuneBoM. On rrpMJIOraje CKpo3upaiilu 'nponpem Kpo3 HeIIITO no Kpaja, CKpo3' ('np06MTM MeTKOM, HO)KeM CKp03' ne$MHHrue ra naBJIOBHn 19.40:82). Be pOBaTHO on CMHTarMe je HaCTano WaJLMBO upeKoHocupaiUu 'npuroBapam, lCOpHTH, CTaJIHO 3aMepaTH HelCOMe HeruTo', y PMC ca 03HaKOM "HelCB>IDK." MjenHHM UHTaTOM M3 .n;pMaHoBMlia.
7.1.5. IlHa'ie -upaiilu, Kao H -oeaiilu M -ucamu, anH jow 'Ierulie on B>HX, CJI~M 3a anaDTaQHjy marOJIa CTpaHor nopeKJIa, yrJIaBHOM H3 namH CKor (Hezupaiilu, KpeupaiUu, UMuiilupaiUu, eMuzpupaiilu, /luKeuOupaiUu,
'"
357
TBop6a pe'!H Y caspeMeHoM CPIlCICOM jeJHKY
CYCPHKcalUlja
Cw.aZHUpaw.u, OOMuHupail1u, OeMOHcil1pupail1u, oeJIezupail1u, oKyilupaw.u, poil1upail1u, OeK.lluHupail1u, KOlljyzupail1u, OUKil1upail1u, ilpeilapupail1u, 14u il1upail1u, ilpoilazupail1u, UHcucil1upail1u, ypzupail1u, CKaHoupail1u, Cep6Upa il1u HT,n.) HJIH
)Ke). He clla,najy OBaMO pal./uoHupaUiu (!jJp. ralionner, o,n ration Koje HH no 3Ha'lelbY HH no CTHMonornjH HeMa Bele CHMeHHU;OMpal./uja) HI1TH HeMOTHBH cauo CiiltltluOHupaiilu.
356
7.1.6. CBH IlpHMepH Koje CMO HaBeJIH y IlpeuO,nHOM o)teJLKY yCTaJLe HH cy )taHac y 06JIHKY Ha -upaiilu. MaJIO je OCTaJIO OHHX KOjH jorn MOry HMaTH H BapHjaHTY Ha -ucaiilu (TaKBH cy oKcuoupaiilu, paijuonupaiilu, iilpaHcpopMupaiilu) O,nHOCHO Ha -OBaiilu (oaiilupaiilu, aCUMUJlupaiilu, w.u ppupaiilu, oew.uppupaiilu). C Te cTpaHe MO:>KeMO perm ,na je Ben rOTOBO ,nOBprneH Ilpou;ec OIlHcaH KO,n Onre PHcTHn-QBHjHn (1970: 155): " ... HaKO cy 06pa30Balba ca 3aBprneTKOM -oeaiilu!-ucaiilu caCBHM 06H'IHa, 6JIHCKa, ImaK ce y MHOrHM CJIyqajeBHMa naraHO ry6e YCTYllajynH MeCTO CBe CHa )KHHjeM Ilpo)topy HaCTaBKa -upaiilu". Yll. H CKoKa 1955:43: " ... 6alll y lieo rpa.zty 1l0CTOjH TeH,neH1.(Hja lllHpelba H3Be,neHHQa Ha -upaiilu, H TO MO)K,na BHllle HerOJIH 3a -ucaiilu HJIH -06aiilu".
7.1.7. -HoHHpaTH, Kao H -uoHucaiilu 0 KOMe rOBopHMO y cne,neneM o)teJLKY, cnY:>KH 3a H3Boljelbe fJIarona O)t 1l0je)tHHHx HMeHHu;a Ha -uja (naT. -io -ionis: yll. IlpH)teBCKe cy
\
7.2. CnH'lHO npeuo)tHoM, Cy!jJHKC -HOHHcaTH ce yrrO'Ipe6JLaBa y ueH 3UOHucaiUu (ce) (yn. ileH3UOHU, iieH3UOHep), PY3uoHucaiUu (ce), PYHKlfUOHU caiUu, Kao H y HeKHMa Koje CMO Ben BH)teJlH y 06JIHKY Ha -uoHupaiUu: CeJIeK I./UOHucaiilu, cy6eellijUOHUcaiUu. 3aHHMJLHB je cnyqaj rnafOiIa caHKlfUOlluca iUu. TIocne)tlbHx ro,nHHa, yMecTO y 3Ha'leH:.Y 'o)t06pHTH, nOTBp)tHTH, 03aKO HHTH', je)tHHoM Koje npH3Hajy pe'lHHQH, OH ce ,naJIeKO 'lernlie jaBJLa y 3Ha'le lby 'Ka3HHTIf' (B. cI>eKCTea y nyrrlfn-
7.3. Mop!jJeMe -H:nipaTH H -HlOBaTH Haj60JLe je lJlCTHpaTH KaO je,naH Cy!jJHKC, 1l0rnTO cy y BemfKoj BenHHIf cJlY'lajeBa y CJl060,nHOj aJITepHaQHjlf. TIPH TOM je -U306aiUu ,naHac y Cp6HjH OCHOBHH H 'lelllnH 06nHK. TIOCTojH HllaK HeKOJlHKO rpyna pe'lH y KojHMa ce jorn 'lysa -U3upaiUu, HaHMe: - Y H3Be,neHHu;aMa Koje 3Haqe Ha'lHH nOHarnaa.a HJIH rOBopa, -U3upaiUu je 06If'lHHjH, a HeKH nyr Hje)tHHH MoryliH Cy!jJHKC: TaKO KpuiUu 3upaiUu (,naHac yrnaBHoM y 3Ha'lelbY 'HenpaBe,nHO, CHTHH'lapCKH KPIfTHKO BaTH', auaJIorno HMeHHQH KpuiilU3ep)184, UOJleMU3upaiUu 1l0neMHCaTH, B. 6.7.3), upoHU3Upaiilu 'O,nHOCI1TH ce IlpeMa KOMe C HPOHHjOM', iiCUXOJlO zU3upazau 'oIlHcHBaTH IlCHXOnOrnKe oc06HHe H CTalba', COI./UOJlOZU3upail1u 'o6jallllbaBaTIf ca CTaHOBHlllTa COQlfoJlomje', eciUeiUU3upaiilu 'Pa.ztHTIf y )tyxy eCTeTH3Ma, 1l0naraTH MHoro Ha ecTeTHKY', iilupaHU3upaiUu THpa HHcaTH), '1l0CTynaTH IlpeMa KOMe Kao THpaHHH'. Y HeKHM cnY'lajeBHMa -U3upaiUu HMa nope,n OBora H !jJaKTHTHBHO 3Ha'leH:.e, Koje je oH)ta je)tHHo 3Ha'lea.e 06JlHKa Ha -U3oeaiUu. TaKo UOJlUiilU3UpaiUu (I) 6aBHTH ce nOnHTH KOM, paCllpaBJLaTH 0 1l0JlHTHU;If, (2) )taTH 'leMY nOJlHTH'lKH KapaKTep, npe TBOpHTH y 1l0nHTH'IKO nHTaa.e I85, ilOJluiUU306aiilu caMO OBO ,npyro; iiieope TeOpCTHCaTH, 6aBifTH ce TeopHjaMa, (2) npOrJIaCHTIf He iilU3upaiUu (l) 184 PMC .ne$HHHwe KpuiiiU3upaiiiu IlpH6JlllJKllo je.AH3XO Kao H KpuflluK06aiiiu, aJiII Ta ICBa .necpHHHl.\llja 6H Morna BalIClI'IH caMO 3a XPBaTCKH (r.ne He nocrojH KpuiiiuKo«aiiiu). HMa H O.npe.lUlHll.Y KpuiiiU30«aiiiu, C .asa 1.\IITaTIl, aJiII Taj OMHK je .nauac H3aWao H3 ymrrpe6e. 185 DBO .npyro 3Ha'iell>e, Koje o.nrOBapa eHrnecKoM politicize, Ij!paHuycKoM politiser, 3a'iY.no HHje perHCTpoBaHo y PMC, anH je .nallac BeOMa pacnpoCTpalheHo.
358
TBop6a pe'l:l! y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I!KY
359
Cycjll!KcaQHja
WTO 3a TeopHjy, .naTH qeMY TeopMjcKY Bpe.[(HOCTI86, iUeopeiUu30BaiUu caMO OBO .!lpyro.
CHO ayiUop. 4>aBopU30fJailJu ce y je3HKY cnopTCKHX HOBHHapa ynO'l'pe6JbaBa
lloje.!lHHe H3Be.!leHHue O.!l HMeHHue 'Iemlie cy y 06JlHKY Ha
Kao H3Be.!leHHua O.!l paBopuil1 ("c:j>aBopH30BaHa eKHna y OBOM TaKMHqeH:.Y je ... "), aJIH y CBOM OCHOBHOM 3Ha'leH:.Y '.!lasarn npe.!lHOCT ("IeMY)' HHje MO
-U3upaiUu, Map;a HH -U3oBailJu HHje Heyo6~\'1ajeHo; BYlIKaHu3upail1u, Meil1a llU3upailJu (06H'IHO 0 KapocepHjH ayToM06HJla), KaHWlU3upail1u, cumWlU 3upailJu, peilJuWU3upailJu, ilJuuU3upail1u H jom nOHeKa. llpaKrn'lHO caMO C OBHM Cyc:j>HKCOM nocTojH paWU3upailJu (PO) 'YBO.!lHrn c:j>amH3aM, ype!jHBa
THBHcaHO. llOTnYHO cy HeMOTHBHcaHH y cpnCKOM rJlarOJlH Kao fJMOPU30 fJaiUu, eil1ailJU306ailJu, aMopilJU3ofJail1u H jom HeKH. lIapMU306ail1u, Hapas HO, no H aHMU30fJaiUu (nope.!l "Iemlier aUMU3upailJu), He cna,r(ajy ODaMO, jep HM je Cyc:j>HKC -OfJailJu.
TH no c:j>amHCTH'1KOM y30py'.
7.3.2. 113Be.!leHHua 0,11; npH.!leBCKHx OCHOBa HMa BHwe Hero O.!l HMe HH"IKHX. llPH TOM npH.!leBCKH Cyc:j>HKC pe.!lOBHO OTIIap;a (ceM y UMYHU30Ba ilJu, MooepHU3oBailJu, CUllXpoHU3oBailJu, r.!le cyc:j>HKca H HeMa). YrJlaBHoMje
-
- Ca -U3UpailJu cy 06H'IHHje noje.!lHHe H3Be.!leHHue O.!l eTHH'IKHX H reorpac:j>CKHX HMeHa, Kao cp6U3upailJu, Kpoail1u3upailJu, cllaBU3upailJu, uilJWlujaHU3upailJu,llailJuHU3upaiUu, zpel{U3upailJu H CJl.; HeKe cy HnaK '1e mne y 06JlHK}' Ha -U30fJail1u, Hnp. zepMaHU30BaiUu, pOMaHU30BaiUu, aMepu KaHU30fJailJu. CJlH'IHH oBHMa cy H JlHHrBHCTH'IKH TepMHHH eKaBU3upail1u, ujeKafJU3UpailJu, wilJoKaBU3upailJu (caMO npBH je 3a6enelKeH y PMC), peT KH Y 06nHKY Ha -U30fJailJu. I13BaH OBHX CJlyqajeBa, -U30fJailJu je y Cp6HjH npeOBJla!jyjynH 06JlHK, H CaMO Y TOM 06JlHKY lieMo HaBO.!lHTH marOJle y HacTaBKY OBor O.!leJbKa, mTO He 3Ha'iH .!la MHorn O.!l H:.HX HeMajy H BapHjaHTY Ha -U3upailJu.
7.3.1. BenHHa maroJla HMa c:j>aKTHTHBHO 3Ha"leH:.e Koje je HHa"le Ka paKTepHCTH"IHO 3a oBaj HHTepHaUHOHaJIHH Cyc:j>HKC (rp. -izein, c:j>p. -iser, eHrJI. -ize HT.!l.), Tj. 'npeTBOpHTH y HemTo', 'cHa6.!leTH '1HMe' (aKo je y OCHOBH HMeHHua) O.!lHOCHO '.!laTH OCo6HHY X' (aKO je MOTHBHa pe'l npH .!leB). llope.!l rJlarOJla Koje CMO Beli HaseJlH Ca 3aBpmeTKOM -U3upailJu, TaKBH cy, O.!l HMeHH"IKe OCHOBe, jom H CTpyqHH TepMHHH MoilJopU30fJailJu, Mame ilJU30fJailJu ('Iemlie MQZHeilJucail1u), KOMujyilJepU3oBailJu, KpucilJWlU306ailJu (nope.!l KpucilJaIlucailJu),joHU3oBail1u ("IeCTO y CHHTarMHjoHU3yjylia 3pa'le lOa), y nOJlHTHUH OeMOKpailJU30fJailJu, 6upoKpailJU30fJailJu, O.!lCKOpa uoeo 1l0ZU30fJailJu (pO; B. KnajH 1992) HT.!l. MHorn HMajy .!lOHeKJIe nOMepeHo 3Ha'leH:.e y O.!lHOCy Ha HMeHHUY, Kao I{U6UllU3oBailJu, cilJaHoap0U30fJailJu 'npHJlarO.!lHTH CTaH.!lap.!ly, yje.!lHa"lHTH', eKpaHU306ailJu 'npHpe.!lHTH 3a c:j>HJlM HJlH TeJleBH3Hjy', O.!lCKOpa nonYJlapHO cail1aHU30fJatllu 'OUPHHTH, npHKa3aTH y HajropHM 6ojaMa', cil1U1lU30Bail1u, cKaHoMU30Bail1u, cUM6o 1lU30fJailJu H cn.
1
y nHTaH:.Y Cyc:j>HKC -(a)H, Kao y HOpMMU3OfJailJu ( - uopMM-aH), l{euilJpa 1lU30BailJu, cilJa6UilU30Bailiu, peMU30fJailiu, cUel{ujaJIU3oBailiu (ce), KOMep l{ujMU30fJailJu, uacuBU306ailJu (ce), peJlailJUfJU306ail1u, aucollyil1U3ofJailiu, upUBailJU30BailJu l87 HT,I1;. .z:wyrH Cyc:j>HKCH cy OTIIaJIH y e6pOUeU306ailJu, cuu
ilJeiUU306ailiu, paHailiU306ailiu. Y CTpy'lHHM TepMHHOJlOmjaMa, no.!l yrn uajeM 3ana,r(HHxje3HKa, CTaJIHO paCTe 6poj maroJla KaO mTO cy MapZUHaJlU 306a'il1u, COl{ujMU30fJail1u, KPUMUHWlU30fJail1u, apopecuOHMU3oBailJu (ce) H CJlH'IHHX.
1
~ A ~ ~'
~
1
llOHeKe maroJle MOrJlH 6HCMO C je.!lHaKHM onpaB.!laH:.eM H3BO.!lHTH H3 HMeHH"IKe HJlH H3 npH.!leBCKe OCHOse: uoeaJlU3ofJailiu (O.!l uoeWl HJlH 0,11;
uoeWlaH), MopMU3oBailJu (O.!l MOpM HJlH MOpaJlaH), MexaHU30Bailiu (0,11; MexaHUKa HJlH O.!l MexaUU'lKU, y 06a CJlY"Iaja ca PO), UOlluiliU306ailiu (O.!l UOlluilJuKa HJlH UOlluiliu'lKU), epoiliU306ailJu (O.!l epoiliuKa HJlH epoiUcKU) HT.!l. IlOllapU306aiUu ce no 3Ha"lelbY npe Be3yje 3a HMeHHUY UOIl HerO 3a npH.!leB iiOllapaH. lloce6aH cJlY'laj cy marOJlH O.!l rp'lKHX HMeHHua Ha -ma -matos, Kao 0paMaiUU306ailJu, cucilJeMailJU3oBailJu, KIlUMailiU306ailiu, apo MailiU3oBaiUu, upo6IleMaiUU306ailiu, ilipaYMailiU306aiUu (nocJle,l1;lba.!lDa ca MO y 1'mpHJlOBJbeBOM "Pe"lHHKY HOBHX pe'lH"). YKOJIHKO 6HCMO HX H3BO .!lHJlH 0,11; HMeHHua, MOPaJIH 6HCMO ,I1;a yse,l1;eMO HOB CJlOlKeHH Cyc:j>HKC -ailiu 306ailiu. Ory.!la je MO)J(,ll;a nOrO.!lHHje cBpCTaTH HX Me!jy H3Be.!leHHue O.!l npH.!leBa, Ha -ailicKU O.!lHOCHO -ailiU'laH.
7.4.
CJlOiKeHH Cyc:j>HKC -HclJHKOBaTH HaCTaO je H3 KaCHOJlaTHHCKHX
1Y
0PZaliU30fJailJu H ayil10pU30fJail1u TemKO 6HCMO MOrJlH CMa1'parn H3 Be.!leHHUaMa, 6y.nyliH .!la no CMHCny He O.!lrOBapajy HMeHHuaMa opzaH O.!lHO
rnarOJla Ha -ficare (c:j>paHl.(ycKHX Ha -fier, eHrJlecKHx Ha HT,I1;.) CBH rna roJlH HMajy H BapHjaHT}' -HclJHuHpaT&, aJIH je OHa 06H'IHHja je.!lHHO y pycu
186 OBO IlPyro 3Ha'l:en.e jacHo je nOTKpenn.eHo IlI!TaTOM y PMC nOll ollpellHl!llOM iiieopemU3osaiiiu, Ma.a.a OHa HHje llecjlHHHCaHa, Hero je 3HaKOM je)lHaKOCTI! ynylieHa Ha iiieopei1iU3Upaiiiu. Tpe6a pe/lH )la cy y PMC OllpellHHQe Ha -osafUu If Ha -upaiiiu rOTOBO YBeK MeXaHH'lKH Me~yc06Ho H3je)lHa'l:aBaHe, WTO je Oe3 CYMn.e 'l:Hn.eHO CTelKn.OM Ila ce Ha
187 Osor rnarona HeMa y PMC. KOIl KnaHlia (iipu«afUU3upafUu) AecjlHHI!CaH je ca CSHM Hea.a.eKsaTHO ')I(HBjeTl! 6e3 cnYlK6e, 6e3 CTanHor 3aHI!MaH>a', WTO je npeHeTO H KOA ByjaKnl!je, a 1l0llaTO je H 'CXBaTaTH cs'ojy jasuy q,YHKQHjy no npl!Bamy CTsap, cBojaTaTH, npHcBajam'. HI! y jellHold pe'iHHK)' HHje Ilaw llaHac Haj'l:emlie, eKOHOMCKO 3Ha'l:en.e 'ope secm y np"saTHo snacHHWTso'.
rnaCH paBHOnpaBHOCT cpnCKe H xpsaTCKe sapHjaHTe.
360
361
TBop6a peqH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
CyCPHKcau!!ja
cj:lUlIupawul88 (06JlHK pyeUcj:JUKOeaWU 3a6eJle)KeH je CaMO y beHCOHOBOM CpnCKO-eHrJleCKOM pe'lHHKY, npeMa OPCJ), y HeKOJlHKO fhHX paBHonpaBHa je ca -ucj:JuKoeawu (TaKBe npHMepe HIUKe HaBO)J,HMO Y 06e BapHjaHTe), )J,OK rJlarOJlH Kao KeMucj:JuKoeawu, 2flOpucj:JuKoeawu, pawucj:JuKoeawu H )J,pyrH HMajy y Cp6MjH caMO Taj 06JIHK. HacnpaM CBHX rnaroJla nOCTojH HMeHHI.(a Ha -alluja (H3Y3eTaK je cjJCJACucj:JuKoeawu - cjJMcucj:JuKaw).
THX cymacHHKa Ha Kpajy OCHOBe H)J,a He nponYCTHMO OHe y KojHMa ,lIOJla3H )J,O maCOBHHX npOMeHa. O)J, CBaKe OCHOBe Y3HMaMO no npaBHJly caMO no je )J,aH npHMep, a nO,llpa3YMeBa ce)J,a HCTH Cy4>HKC Hajqemlie )J,ona3H H y3 ma rone C ,lIpyrHM npet\lHKCHMa: Hnp. Kao oKoiiawu oKoiiaeawu 6Hne H 3a Koiiawu - 3aKoiiaedwu, uCKoiiawu - ueKoiiaeawu. iioKouawu - uOKoua eawu H TaKO ,lIaJbe.
7.4.1. flepcoHucj:JuKoeawu (-ucj:Jullupawu) H Kflacucj:JuKoeawu, y3 Ma JlO'lac nOMeHYTO pycucj:Jullupawu!-ucj:JuKoeawuI89, je)J,HHH cy maronH y KO jHMa je Ca'lYBaHa I.(ena HMeHH'IKa OCHOBa. O)J, OKpfheHe OCHOBe cy uoeHwu cj:JUKoeawu, MYMucj:JuKoeawul-ullupawu (ee), KMlIucj:JuKoeawu (')J,O)J,aBaTH 'leMY KaJII.(Hj[YM]a', npeMa PMC, aJIH Y npaKcH 'lemne '3aKpeqaBaTH': yn. KMlIucj:JuKalluja KO)J, ByjaKJIHje), KeaHwucjJuKoeawu (HacnpaM KeaHWU wew: HanpoTHB, KeCJAucj:JuKoeawu 6H ce TemKO Morno MOTHBHCaTH HMeHH I.(OM KeMuwew). Mucwucj:JuKoeawu!-ullupawu (yn. aHTOHHM oeMuewupu Koeawu y Kn.ajH 1992), eJleKwpucj:JuKoeawu!-ullupawu, ilIlacwupuKoea WU!-ullupawu (B. Kn.ajH 1992 H ByjaKJIHjy) MornH 6H 6lfTH O)J, HMCHHI.(e Ha -UKa HJIM O)J, npH)J,eBa Ha -U'l.aH. XH6pH)J.HY H3Be)J,eHHI.(y woilllucjJullupawu 'YBO)J,HTH rpejafhe H3 TonnaHe' (no PYCKOM men.aocj:JuijUpOeamb) 6ene)KH caMO Ea6tdi 1991:470; 'Iemnaje HMeHHI.(a woilllucj:JuKalluja (y peqHHKY J. liHPHJlOBa) . Cuellupwweawu, npe Hero H3 npH)J,eBa eueijujCJAaH, Tpe6ano 6H H3BO )J,IfTH H3 euellucj:Ju'l.aH, anH y TOM cnyqajy HManH 6HCMO CyqlHKC -oeawu C)J,e naJIaTanH3aI.(HjoM. Y KUHocj:JuKoeawu!KUHocj:Jullupawu (PCAHY, ca HMeHH I.(OM KUHOcj:JuKalluja) CycllHKC 6H rnaCHO -cj:JuKoeawu (-cj:JUlIupawu), anH Taj rnarOJI je pe)J,aK H )J,aHac HeaKTyeJlaH. HHCY MOTHBHcaHH y cpnCKoM marOJIH Kao MOoucj:JuKoeawu, cj:JCJAeucj:JuKoeawu, eepucj:JuKoeawu, eepcucj:JuKoeawu, 2flOpUpUKoeawu, pawucjJuKoeawu, Hoewpucj:JuKoeawu HT)J,.
8. rJIArOJICKH CY
7.3.
189 0BO je jeAHHH rllarOll eTHHql{Or 3Ha'!elha. HHa'!e ce OBaKBH rllarOllll Haj'!ellllie 06pa3yjy AOMaliOM TIC TBOp60M Ha iio- (iiocp6uillu, ii()H[ujJeM'tuillu H Cll.). anH iiopycuillu Ma.n:a nOCBeAo'!eHO y PMC jeAHHM ~lI'I'aTOM H jOIll jeAHHM 3a nOBpaTHo iiopycuillu ce -reIllKO je YUOTPe61l:>HBO y npaKCH, jep 6H My TPUHH npHAeB 6HO HCT!! Kao OA rllarOlla iiopy
umillu.
C 063HpOM Ha HeH3BeCHOCT CMepa H3BoljeHta, 0 KOjOj CMO rOBOpHJlH y
6.0.1, 6HJIO 6H HajnpaBHJlHHje )J,aBaTH CBe npHMepe y napoBHMa, ,lIaKJle CBP
'/
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, {
';iji
d,
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.1
meHH H HecBpmeHH rnaron Hanope)J,o. TaKBa )J,OCJle)J,HOCT, HnaK, 3axTeBana 6H npeBHme npoCTopa, a HHje HeonxO)J,Ha 3a pa3YMeBafhe TeKCTa. CTora ne MO napoBe ,lIaBaTH caMO 3a npBa )J,Ba marOJla Ha nOt{eTKY CBaKor cnHCKa, ,lIOK neMo 3a OCTane HaBO)J,HTH caMO rnarOJl ca Cy4>HKCOM 0 KOMe je pet{ mTO He Mopa 3Hat{HTH )J,a je OH H3Be,lleHHI.(a a oHaj npBH MOTHBHa pet{, Hero caMO )J,a cy y Meljyc06Hoj KOpeJIaI.(HjH. THMe He nOTBpljyjeMo, anH H He O)J, 6aI.(yjeMo TPa,llHI.(HOHaJIHO CXBaTaHte no KOMe CBH BH)J.CKH Cy4>HKCH cn)"Ke 3a HMnep4>eKTHBH3aI.(Hjy, OCHM -HYWU KOjH CJ1y>KH 3a nep4>eKTHBH3aI.(Hjy.
8.1. -AT", Koje CMO BH)J,eJlH Kao )J,epHBaI.(HOHH Cy4>HKC (6.2 H )J,aJbe), BeOMa je nnO)J,HO H y rpaljelhY HecBpmeHHX rnaroJla. KapaKTepHCTH'laH je 3a fhera BeJlHKH 6poj BOKanCKHX H KOHCOHaHTCKHX aJITepHaI.(Hja y OCHOBH. Mory ce pa3nHKOBaTH CJle)J,enH THnOBH: (a) HacnpaM noje)J,HHHx CBpmeHHx rnarona npBe BpCTe, HecBpmeHH HMajy -awu )J,O)J,aTO Ha HH4>HHHTHBHy OCHOBY: uowpecmu - iiowpeeawu, Hauacwu (HaiiaeeM) - Hauaeawu, Hazpuciiiu - HazpU3awu, OMeewu oMewawu, epeciiiu - epei1i.ai1i.u, U3pacmu - U3paei1i.ai1i.u, upuKpaei1i.u ee upuKpaoai1i.u ee, uaei1i.u - uaOai1i.u, U3jeei1i.u - U3jeoai1i.u, e(j)eewu eOJeoai1i.u (npeTe:lKHo HTepaTHBHO, 3a pa3JlHKy O)J, HecBpmeHor e[jJeoOJe i1i.u) HT)J,. Jow HeKe npHMepe marOJIa OBe KOHjyraI.(Hje BH,lIeneMO HH)Ke no,ll (B), (r) H ()J,).
(6) TIpeMa CBpmeHHM rnaronHMa Ha -ui1i.u: ewyiiuwu - ei1i.yiiawu, Iju ljuuai1i.u, cxeai1i.ui1i.u - cxeawai1i.u (cxeanai1i.u je npere:lKHo xpBaT uuwu CKH), H TaKO HCTO eltUMaWu, upUMawu, eUpeMai1i.u, yoapai1i.u, Hai1i.ypai1i.u. Mawawu ee, iipyxai1i.u, 6aijawu HT,lI. Jom je BHme marOJla C jOToBaH.eM: eK)'iiui1i.u exyil.tbai1i.u, ilIlai1i.uwu - ilIlanai1i.u, H TaKO HCTO epanawu, ue iipanawu, oeOJenai1i.u, c(j)enai1i.u (ee), flanai1i.u ee, upeo6panai1i.u, uytui1i.a illu, HaM.(uj)ewwawu, 3aealjai1i.u, ci1i.a6lbai1i.u, ja6lbai1i.u, UpOCAa6lbai1i.u, 3a 6opa6lbawu, oo6a6lbaillu, uoupa6lbawu, ouopa6lbai1i.u ee, Ha30pa6lbai1i.u, U3MUUl.lbai1i.u, 3auaxawu HT)J,. (B) AnTepHaI.(Hja KpaTKO 0 - JJ.yrO a TaKolje ce Hajt{ewhe jaBJ1>a Ha cnpaM CBpmeHHX rJIarOJla Ha -uwu: UOKflouui1i.u - uOKflauawu, paciiiouu
~~ t
"
363
TBop6a pe'lH Y CaapeMeHOM CPIICKOM je3HKy
CyqIHKcauHja
f11u - pacf11auaf11u, pa3ZAo6ui11U - pa3ZAa6af11u (C npOMeHOM SHa<Jelba), TaKO H upoIIClMaf11u ce, 3ClMapaf11u, cf116apaf11u, pa3apaf11u, OOzo6apaf11u, pa3Maf11paf11u, Haflajaf11u, oozajaf11u, pa306ajaf11u, flpeKpajaf11u, Ha6pajaf11u, upuc6ajaf11u HT,n:. C jOTOBaa.eM cy oupalUf11af11u, pa~af11u, ooza~af11u ce, 3zpaxaf11u (ce), 06Ha6Jbaf11u, flOMaJbaf11u ce, UpOZaJbaf11u, UOKlla1oaf11u, Ha CIIaloaf11u (nOCneJl:lba ,n:Ba CKpaTKI1M HeHarnaweHHM a) I1T,n:. Ys anTepHal.{l1 jy sa,n:lbOHen<JaHHX H npe,n:a.OHen<JaHHX cyrnacHHKa HMaMO CKO'lUf11U cKaKaf11u (-f./(!M), upef11o'mf11u - flpef11aKaf11u (-'leM), YIIO:J1CUf11u Yllazaf11u (-XeM) HT,n:.
(e) BOKan OCHOBe ce Jl:Y:IKH y HTepaTHBHoM eU~af11u npeMa 6uo(j)ei11u H y npeIPHKCanHHM rnaronHMa o,n: OCHOBe lIef11UJef11u: oOllef11(j)ef11u OOIl(uj)ef11ai11U (-lieM), UOII(uj)ef11af11u, CI/(uj)emaf11u HT,n:. CaMo Jl:}')Kea.e BO Kana ("YHYTPawa.a TBop6a"), 6es npOMeHe KOHjyraI.tHje, .a:enyje y npelPHK canHHM rnaronHMa o,n: ZAeOaf11u (UOZAeOaf11u uOZAeoaf11u, pO.:JZAeOaf11u pa3ZAeOaf11u) H o.a: uUJe6aiiiu (ou[jje6af11u oU[ujje6af11u). IIPH TOM tJecro HsoCTaje nyHa CeMaHTH<JKa KOpenaI.tHja, na TaKO HMaMO YZAeOaf11u 'Ona3HTH' anH nOBpaTHO YZAeoaf11u ce (Ha Kora), 3auUJe6af11u 'notJeTH neBaTH' anH 3au(uj)e6af11u CKOPO HCKJ:by
O,n: rnarona ,n:pyrHx Bpcra, npena3a:K 0 > a I1Majy U3Z0p(j)ef11u U3za paf11u, uo6ocf11u (-OeM) - uo6aoaf11u, flOMOliu (-ZHeM) - uOMazaf11u (-XeM), BepOBaTHO H jom HeKH.
OBaMO cna,n:a H rpyna rnarona Koje MO)J(eMO Ha3SaTH HTepaTHBHQ-ne jopaTHBHHM (Ea6Hn 1991:490 HX SOBe "rnaronH KOjH SHa'Ie HeycMjepeHo KpeTalbe"): 6ooaf:uu HacnpaM 600Uf11u, 603af11u npeMa 603Uf11U, Hocaf11u npeMa HOCUf11U (PMC ra .a:eIPHHHwe 'HOCHTH TaMO-aMO, o.a: je.a:Hor ,n:o .1l:Py ror MecTa; HOCRTH CHanopOM, .a:yro, yna.n:n:.HBO '), zcllOaf11u (c npOMeHOM 0 > a HjOTOBalbeM), y PMC ,n:eIPHHHcaHo HanpoCTo 'HecBpw. npeMa roHRTH', anH TO je CBaKaKO oMawKa, 6y.n:ynH ,n:a je rnarOJI zOHuf11u H caM HeCBpweH. BepoBaTHHje je ,n:a je zalOaf11u HacTano .a:enpeBep6aI.tHjoM (yo. ,n:eo 0 ope IPHKCaI.{HjH, 5.5 H 5.5.1) o.a: rnarona Kao upozaJOaf11u, HazalOaf11u ce, upeza lOaf11u ce, KOjH CBH HMajy HeraTHBaH npHSBYK. Ha HCTH Ha'lHH MOrJIO je Ba CTaTH H lI(uj)ef11af11U (-lieM) 'JIeTeTH TaMO-aMO', o.a: ManotJac nOMeHYTHX npeIPHKCaJIHHX rnarOJIa THna uOII(uj)ei11af11u, oOIl(uj)ef11af11u.
362
(r) YMeTalbe u H3Meljy ,n:Ba cyrnacHHKa y OCHOBH jaBJ:ba ce HacnpaM CBpmeHHX rnarOJIa pa3HHX Bpcra npOMeHe: caf11pf11u caf11upaf11u (-eM), ooa6paf11u - ooa6upaf11u (-eM), ucupaf11u - ucUupaf11u, u036af11u - U03U 6af11u, upe6pef11u - flpe6upaf11u (-eM), Ha3pef11u Ha3Upaf11u (-eM), UPO op(uj)ef11u ilpooupaf11u (-eM), upoxop(uj)ef11u - upoxoupaf11u (-eM), ooilp(uj)ef11u - oouupaf11u (-eM), YMp(uj)ef11u - YMupaf11u (-eM), UpO cf11p(uj)ef11u - upocf11upaf11u (-eM) HT,n:. CaMO npOMeHY e > U HMaMO y yi1IIecf11u (-f11eM) - yi1IIuf11af11u (-lieM) HT,n:. IIpeMa npeseHTcKoj OCHOBH cy Y3ef11u (Y3MeM) Y3UMaf11u, of11ef11u (Oi11MeM) - of11UMaf11u, Haoyf11u (-OMeM) - HaOUMaf11u, caxei11u (-:J1C.MeM) - ca:J1CUMaf11u HT,n:. C jOToBa a.eM cy ilo'lef11u (-'-/HeM) - ilO'lUlOaf11u (-eM), 3aflef11u (-flHeM) - 3aflulOaf11u (-eM), HaZHyf11u (-eM) - HazulOaf11u (-eM), ooaCllaf11u (-lUIbeM) - ooalUWba f11u (-eM), a H 6es cyrnaCHH'lKe rpyne u ce jaBJ:ba y flOMeHyf11u - flOMUlOa f11u (_eM)l90. (,n:) Ca cH6HnapHSal.{HjoM, O,n:HOCHO nanaTanHsauHjoM y npeseHTy, rpa,n:e ce HeCBpmeHH rnaronH npeMa CBpweHHMa Ha -Hyf11U O,n:HOCHO Ha -liu: Huliu (-KHeM) - HUllaf11u (-'leM), ouliu (-ZHeM) - OU3af11u (-XeM), cf11uliu (-ZHeM) - cf11U3af11u (-XeM), ucf11emyf11u - ucf11e3af11u (-XeM), uocemyf11u - iloce3af11u (-XeM), Haupemyf11u HaUpe3af11u (-XeM), uc{j)eliu (-'leM) - uc(uj)ellaf11u, 6es nanaTanHSal.{Hje y uyliu (-KHeM) - uytlaf11u (-IIClM), f11pmyf11u - f11p3af11u HT,n:. HacnpaM lIeliu (-ZHeM) cy ,n:Ba HeCBpweHa rnaro JIa, lIexaf11u (-UM) H npeTe:IKHO HTepaTHBHO lI(uj)ezaf11u (-XeM).
(Ij) CH6HJIapHSal.{Hjy H nojaay u YMeCTO ,n:pyror BOKana y OCHOBH HMaMO y f11aliulf11aKHyf11u - f11uqaf11u (-'leM), MaliulMaKHyf11u - Muqaf11u (-'leM), Qopeliu (-KHeM) - uopullaf11u (-'leM), 3af11eliu (-KHeM) 3af11uqaf11u (-'leM), YOaxHyf11U - youcaf11u (-lUeM) MT,n:. 190 YII. H HeKil>HlICeBHO oilMa'lulbaU1u YMeCTO OOMUljaU1u.
8.1.1. -JaTo ce jacHo Pa3JIHKyje o,n: -af11u, 6y.a:ynH ,n:a He H3a3HBa jOTO Balbe, Hero ce jaBJ:ba YBeK CO<JYBaHHMj H ,n:OJIa3H CaMO Ha OCHOBe ca S3Bp WeTKOM Ha BOKaJI. (a) Ca OCHOBaMa Ha a ,n:OJIa3H y cf11ajaf11u (npeMa cf11af11u) H y MHOro 6pOjHHM npeIPHKcanHMa o,n: HCTe OCHOBe: ycf11af11u - ycf11ajaf11u, uocf11af11u - flocf11ajaf11u, H TaKO 3acf11ajaf11u, Hacf11ajaf11u, upecf11ajaf11u, Hecf11ajaf11u, ocf11ajaf11u HTJl:. IIpeseHT je Ha -jeM. (6) 1I0cne u MOrJIH 6HCMO ra npe.a:CTaBHTH H Kao -ujaf11u, 6y.a:yliH .a:a HSa3HBa ,n:y)J(elbe TOr BOKaJIa. IIpeseHT je Ha -jOM. ,n:ona3H yrJIaBHOM y npe IPHKcanHHM rnarOJIHMa o.a: TpHjy OCHOBa: uuf11u (ucUuf11u - ucUujaf11u, ouu f11u - ouujaf11u, TaKO HyUujaf11u, Hauujaf11u HT,n:.), 6uf11u16ujeM (uo6uf11u ilo6ujaf11u, pa36uf11u - pa36ujaf11u, TaKO H 3a6ujaf11u, 36ujaf11u, y6ujaf11u HTJl:.) H 6Uf11U (yeuf11u - Y6ujaf11U, ca6UUlU - caeujaf11u, TaKO H 3aeujaf11u, U36ujaf11u, u06ujaf11u HT,n:.). O.a: 6uf11u16yoeM je 36uf11u ce - 36ujaf11u ce (je Jl:aH npHMep y PMC, UHatJe je MHOro <Jemne 36u6ai11U ce), a no nopeKJIY U oo6uf11u (npB06HTHO oo6Y0eM) - oo6ujaf11u (nopeJl: oo6u6af11u, Koje je .a:a Hac y Cp6HjH pelje). 3a -jaf11u HacnpaM CBpweHHx rnaroJIa Ha -Hyf11U BHJl:H 8.9.3.
364
TBop6a pe'ill y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cyq,HKCaIl.Hja
8.2. -ABaTo, HaCTaBaK HeCBpmeHI1X marona, jaB./loa ce HaCnpaM rpH BpCTe cBpmeHHx marona. (a) llpeMa cBpmeHHMa Ha -aiUu, r.!l:e 611 ce Morao npe.!l:CTaBHTH H KaO cycjn1Kc -6aiUu (npoIIIHpelbe cpopMaHToM -6a-) y3 .!l:Y)Kelbe npeTXo.u,Hor BO KaJJa. llpe3eHT je Ha -a6aM. npHMepH: oKoilaiUu - oKoua6aiUu, 3aiUpuaiUu - 3aiUpua6aiUu, Y6(j)e:JIC6aiUu - Y6(j)e:JIC6a6aiUu, H TaKO HCTO 3aMoiUa6a iUu (3HUHO je pel)e 3aMaiUaiUu), upe/.fpiUa6aiUu, oupa6oa6aiUu, y6pU3za6a iUu, Ha02.llaCa6aiUu, y6p3a6aiUu, cpo3a6aiUu, 3aOp:JICa6aiUu, ilo6ena6aiUu, 3aKlbY'la6aUlu, OiUKOU'la6aUlu, upeupu'Ia6aiUu, OUll
lloHeKH maroJIH OBor THna H3ry6HJIH cy Be3Y ca CBpmeHHM maro JIOM. ,ll;o Tora MO)Ke .!l:OnH 3aTO mTO CBpmeHor marona H HeMa, Kao y ilo opxiUa6aUlu (PMC ra H3BO.!l:H H3 uoopxUlaUlu, aJJH Taj marOJI je rOTOBO He n03HaT; Ta'lHl1je 611 6HJIO peliu .!l:a je uoopxUla6aUlu nCT O.!l: opxUlaUlu) I1JIH ilpeoc(j)eoa6aUlu (.!l:aHaC peTKo ilpeoc{j]eoaiUu), r.!l:e He nocTojH *upeoc(j)ecUlu. ,ll;PYrH Y3POK ry6HTKa Be3e MO)Ke 6HTH npoMeHa 3Ha'lelba, Kao Y 3a6uiWla6aUlu (,3a.!l:l1pKHBaTH, H3BpraBaTH OO.!l:CMexy': .!l:aHaC ce BH me He jaBJl)a ca 3Ha'leu:.eM CBpmeHor marOJIa 3a6uiWlaiUu) HJIH U3MoiUa6a Ulu ce (c Kpajlbe HenpHKJIa.D:HOM .!l:ecpHHHQHjOM y PMC, r.!l:e ce yoomTe H He .!l:aje .!l:aHamlbe 3Ha'leu:.e 'mera'lHTH ce, He036HJl)HO ce nOHamaTH'). (6) llpeMa CBpmeHHMa Ha -uUlu, HOp. ooo6puiUU - ooo6pa6aiUu, ycuopuUlu - ycuopa6aUlu, H TaKO HCTO pas6eopa6aiUu, yCM(j)epa6aUlu, Y3 HeMUpa6aUlu, Y0alba6aUlU, 3a0060Jba6aiUu, caoilUliUa6aiUu, ilOHUUlUla6a iUu, pasMHO:JICa6aiUu, 06e/le:JICa6aiUu (o6Ulbe-). Y8a:JICa6aiUu. OMatl06a:JICa 8aiUu, 03Ha'la6aiUu, cupe'la6aiUu, ozpaHU'Ia6aiUu, Hapywa6aUlu HT.!l:., CBH C ope3eHToM Ha -a6aM. HeKH O.!l: OBHX rJIarOJIa HMaJJH cy H 06JIHK Ha -u8aUlu, KOjH .!l:aHaC HHje yo6H'IajeH, aJJH je OCTaJJa MoryliHocT npe3eHTa Ha -yjeM, nope.!l: -a6aM (BHJ(H 8.3): TaKBH cy upooy:JICa6aiUu, UpU6IlU:JICa6aiUu, OMOZy na6aUlu, yjeoHa'la6aiUu, yca6pUla6aiUu, pasp(j)eUla6aiUu H .!l:pyrH. C noje.!l:HHHM 3aBpmeQHMa OCHOBe (YTBpl)HBaa.e Ta'lHHX CPOHeTCKHX YCJIOBa 3aXTeBaJJO 6H noce6He CTY.!l:Hje) .!l:Ona3H .!l:O jOToBalba HCOpe.!l: -a6a Ulu: yuoiUp(uj)e6uiUu -
yuoUlpe6Jba6aiUU, OC/106UUlu -
OCIl06Jba6aiUu, H
TaKO HCTO OOYUle8Jba6aiUu, ucuYlUa6aiUu, oopOlUa6aiUu, Ka:JIClba6aiUu, ca 6Ila:JIClUa6aUlu, OilKOJba6aiUu, YMUlba6aUlu ce (c .!l:eJIHMH'IHOM opOMeHOM 3Ha'lea.a Y O.!l:HOCY Ha CBpllleHH YMUIlUUlu ce), YKpaUla6aiUu, 02.llaUla6aiUu, yoeUla6aiUu, U06UUla6aUlu, UOHU:JICa8aiUu, U3pa:JICa6aiUu, yzp0:JICa6aiUu, cY:JICa8aiUu, upe06pa:JICa6aiUu HT.!l:. O.!l: OCHOBa Ha -ciU pe3YJlTaT jOTOBalba
.~.
a'
;~I ,1 r~
11-1 !
365
MO)Ke 6HTH UlUl, KaO y ilOKpUlUla6aUlU, U36(j)eUliUa6aiUu, Y6pUliUa6aiUu, HJIH Uln, KaO y yilpoUllia6aUlu, up0'luUllia6aiUu, yUpouaUllia8aiUu, UCKOPU Ullia8aUlu (yupouaUliUaBaiUu H UCKopUUliUa6aiUu cy npeTe>KHO xpBaTCKH). IIoCJIe.!l:lbHX OeT HaBe.u,eHIDx rJIaroJIa MOry oope.!l: -ii6aM HMaTH H Ope3eHT Ha -yjeM (y6pUlnyjeM, yilpoulliyjeM HT.!l:.), a HCTO BIDKH H 3a MHore .!l:pyre jo TOBaHe, Kao ilpUllazo!ja6aiUu, cYKo6Jba6aiUu (ce), oCiloco6Jba6aiUu, UCKpU 8Jba6aUlu, iloopywUl6Jba6aiUu, upuiluiUoMlba6aiUu, yjeoulUa6aiUu HT.!l:. (B) llpeMa CBpllleHHMa Ha -HyiUU, YKJl)yqyjyliH H HeKe KOjH HMajYaJJ TepHaTHBHH 06JIHK HHcpHHHTHBa Ha -liu: 1.fpKHyWU (1.fpliu) - 1.fpKa6aiUu, CMpKHyWU ce - CMpKa6aUlu ce, H TaKO HCTO HIl6UKa6aiUu, c6pza6aiUu, U36(j)eza6aiUu, ilpeHe6peza6aiUu, UCKpca6aiUu, yxaca6aiUu, CMp3a6aiUu, UUl'le3a6aiUu HT.!l:. HeKOJIHKO maroJIa 3a.n.pIKaBa cymacHHK H H Y HecBpme HOM BH.u,y, aJJH jOTOBaH y IU: 32paHyWU - 3zpalUa6aiUu, 3a6puIlyiUu - 3a6pu lUa6aiUu, H TaKO HCTO oiU6pOlUa6aiUu, 3zyutlba6aiUu, CilIlaUl1Ua6aiUu HT.!l:.
8.2.1. 113BaH OBa rpH THoa oCTaje nap cilaciUu - cuaca6aiUu, cBoje BpeMeHo y Cp6HjH (00 DeJJHny H CTeBaHoBHliy) cMaTPaH OpaBHJIHHM caMO y TOM 06JIHKY. IIoCJIe.!l:lbHX ro.!l:HHa, no.!l: xpBaTCKHM HJIH perHOHaJJHHM YTH QajeM, a BepOBaTHO H 00 aHaJJorHjH C rnarOJIHMa THoa yKpacuiUu - yKpa Ula6aiUu, 3HaTHO Beliy yqecTaJIOCT CTeKJIO je cilacuillu (CilaCUM, cuaUleH), C HeCBpllleHHM cilaUla6aiUu. OBor OOCJIe.!l:lLer HeMa y PMC, na HH y IIpaso OHCHOM pe'lHHKY H3 1960, Ma.D:a osaj .!l:onymTa ciiacuiUu H CilaUlell. npaB. 93 .!l:aje npe.!l:HOCT 06JIHQHMa cilaCillu H Cilaca6aillu, aJJH He 3a6palbyje Cila cuiUu H CilaUla6aiUu.
8.3. HacopaM HCTor CBpllleHor marona BPJIO 'IecTO MOIKe nOCTojaTH HeCBpllleHH KaKO Ha -a6aiUu TaKO H Ha -u6aiUu, Hop. yjeoHa'la8aiUulyjeona '1u6aillu. 0 OBaKBHM .!l:y6JIeTHMa OHCaJIH cy MHJIaHOBHIi 1954 H (llHHKa 1967. llpB06HTHH KpHTepHjYM 3a H360p CYCPHKca, Mau:.e-BHme .!l:OCne.!l:HO iIp'HMelbeH Y BYKOBOM Pje'lHHKY (B. (llHHKa 1967:142), OOna3HO je O.!l: .!l:y IKHHe BOKaJJa y OOCne.!l:lLeM cnory OCHOBe CBpmeHor rnarona. AKO je Taj BOKaJJ KpaTaK, CYCPHKC HecBpmeHor rnarona je 6HO -a6aiUu, Hnp. ilpeo6pa 3uillu - upe06pa:JICa6aiUu, paCilpociUpaHuiUu - paCilpoCillpalUa6aillu; O.!l: cBpmeHHx C .!l:yrHM BOKaJJOM HecBpmeHH ce rpa.D:HO Ha -u6aiUu, HOp. Ha:ma'luiUu -
HCl3Ha'lU6aiUu, YKpacuiUu - YKpaUlu6aiUu.
OBO npaBHJIO je y HOBHje BpeMe H3HeBepeHO (MOlK.!l:a Ii 3aTO WTO aK QeHTH CBpllleHHX rnarona y MHOrHM CJl}"iajeBHMa BHllle HHCY OHH Koje cy OPOOHCHBaJIH BYK H ,ll;aHH'lHn). TaKO ce jaBHO 'IHTaB HH3.u,y6neTHHX napoBa, KaKBe
366
TBop6a pe'lI! y caspeMeHoM cpncKOM je:lIIKY
,ny6JleTe, KaKO je nOKa3aO MHmmoBldi 1954:235, ,nonYlllTaO je Beli 11 DeJIH lieB npaBorrnc 113 1950. Y npaKcH, y OBaKBHM napOBHMa CXq,I1KC -el6aiUu je rOTOBO yaeK O,nHeo npeBary. Ory,na selilfHa ,ny6JIeTa Koje 6eJle)Ke
Cyq,HKca~ltja
367
pe'lHI1Ka JA3Y Haso,n11 MHJlaHoBl11i (CTp. 246 11 ,naJ1:>e), npe3eHT Ha -yjeM np B06IITHO je npHna.nao caMO rnaroJII1Ma Ha -o6aiUu. M3Me~y XVI 11 XVIII Be Ka npeHeo ce Ha rnarOJIe Ha -u6aiUu (pe'lHHK JA3Y 3a MHore o,n IbI1X ,naje ,nBojaKe 06JII1Ke npe3eHTa, HrIp. 006pwu6aiUu - 006PWU6aM H 006pWyjeM, UCKpU8IbU6aiUu - UCKPU8IbU6aM 11 UCKPU8IbyjeM, ucuYlbu6aiUu - UCUYlbU6aM H uCUylbyjeM),,na 6H Ha Kpajy CKOPO nOTDYHO HeCTaJII1 06JlHu:H Ha -ii6aM. Ka ,na cy MHOrl1 o,n OBI1X rnarona, y Hosl1je BpeMe, npeWJlH Ha CYcPl1KC -el6aiUu (oo6pwa6aiUu, UCKpU8Iba6ai.Uu, ucuYH>a6aiUu 1IT,n.), npe3eHT Ha -yjeM opeHeo ce 11 Ha Taj mo npoMeHe. Hl1je ycneo, 3a Pa3JIl1KY o,n npeTXo,nHor cnyqaja, .n:a I1CTI1CHe npe3eHT Ha -ii6aM, aJIH My je CTaO y3 60K Kao pasHonpaBaH KOHKY peHT. Ory.na 611 HajpeaJIHl1jH rpaMam'lKH onl1c 3a rnaroJle OBor mna (Hapo 'lHTO y MalLl1M H .nBOje3H'lHHM pe'lHHUHMa, r,ne 061f'lHO HeMaMO opoCTOpa 3a MHOro .ny6JIeTHHX o.npeJlHHua) 6HO .na ce .najy y HHcPHHHTHBY Ha -el6aiUu, C .nBojaKHM npe3eRTOM Ha -ii6aM H Ha -yjeM.l 9!
8.4. -BaiUu: BH,n11 no.n -a6aiUu, -e6aiUu, -u6ail1u, -Y6aiUu. 8.S. -EBaTH, HjeK. -HjeBaTH, MO)l(e 6RTI1 aJIOMOPcP o,n -6aiUu I1JIH no ce6aH CJlO)l(eHI1 Cyq,I1KC. (a) fJpOWl1peIbeM CBpweHHX rnaroJIa Ha -(j)eiUu jaBIba ce y 3a ciUap(j)eiUu - 3aCUtap(uj)e6aiUu, cazop(j)eiUu, cozop(uj)e6aiUu, 11 TaKO I1CTO Ca3p(uj)e6aUtu, ycu(uj)e6aiUu, oocu(uj)e6aiUu, cHa6o(uj)e6aiUu, pa 3YM(uj)e6aiUu, U360/l(uj)e6aiUu, 06o/l(uj)e6aiUu I92 HT.n. 3axiU(uj)e6aiUu ce .naHac rOTOBO 11 He ocelia Kao ,neo BH,nCKOr napa, 6y.ny1i11 ,na je rnarOJl 3axiU(j)eiUu 3aCTapeo. (6) ,D;OJIa311 11 npeMa noje,nI1HI1M CBpmeHHM rJlarOJlHMa Ha -aiUu, -uiUu, -HYiUu: uCMejaiUu (-ujaiUu) - UCM(uj)e6aiUu (nope,n uCMeja6a iUU!UCMuja6aiUu), 3azpejaiUu(-ujaiUu) - 3ozp(uj)e6aiUu (nope,n 3azpeja6a nao(uj)e6a iUul3azpuja6aiUu), oo(j)enyWu - oo(uj)e6aUtu, Hao(j)eHYiUu iUu, oO/luiUu OO/l(uj)e6aiUu (aJIH ,naHac MHOro 'lewlie OO/lU6aUtu, a TaKO 11 pa3/lu6aiUu, Y/lu6aiUu HT,n.), CjOToBafbeM y caxMuiUu (ce) - CaXatbe6a Utu HT,n. CH(uj)e6aiUu (nope,n cHu6aiUu) npe,nCTaBIba HecBpmeHI1 H yqecra JII1 06JlHl( npeMa ,nSOBI1JlCKOM cnuiUu. . 191 ,ll;BOjHY KJIlICIt4JItKa:QIfjy 61t MOllC.l\a Itnax Tpe6ano 33JqllKlITlt 3a ;lly6ncrre KOjH ce P33JIItKYjy no jOTOBaH>Y: u06Ucu6aiiiu - U06UcyjeM, Ha06UCU6aiiiu - HaiJ6UcyjeM, CHU3U6a iiiu - CHU3yjeM, 3a p33JIltK)' 0,/1. u06u~a6aiiiu - U06U~a6l1M, HaiJ6U~a6aiiiu - Ha06UUla6l1M, CHuxa6aiiiu - CHU:>tCa6l1M It en.
192 Y rOBopy ce Haj'lewhe 'Iyjy HeeTaH,/l.3p,/l.HIt o6lIlll:(H U36oJ&e6aiiiu, o6oJ&e6aiiiu, pa360J&e6aiiiu ce It cn. OHH cy Morna H3eTaTlt no,/l. yrH~3jeM ItjeKaBCKor (ClIH'IHO no 1CIOe ~iiia, :>tCJ&e6 HT,/I..), anH It no aHanornjlt ca caX4lbe6aiiiu, 0 KOMe B. HltlKe.
368
Tsop6a peQH Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
Cy4>HKca~Hja
8.6. CY
iUu ce, OCKepfbueaiiiu l93 HT,lI.. H3ry6J1>eHO K H3 cspweHHX marOJla Ha -CHy iUu < *-cKlIyiiiu DOHOBO ce jaBJ1>a y HMnep
(a) Op; rJIarOJIa Ha -uiUu (rp;e 6H ce Morao npHKa3am H KaO -6aiUu y3 ,lI.y)I{es,e npeTXO,ll.HOr BOKaJIa) HMaMO, C npe3eHTOM Ha -U8aM, YMuUlu YMu8aiUu, iiOKpuiUu - iiOKpueaiUu, TaKO H 3apueaiUu, yzuu6aiUu, iipMu6a iUu, oo6ueaiUu (,lI.aHaC pelje Hero oo6ujaiUu), 36ueaiUu ce HT,lI.. HacnpaM He CBpmeHHX HJIH ,lI.BOBH,lI.CKHX maroJIa CTOjH y CHuiUu - Cllu6aUlu, 6uiUu 6u6aUlu (O,ll.aKJIe npe
c:DOHeTCKH HeperyJlapHH cy iiOCKaKueaiUu, iioocKaKueaiUu, iipecKaKu eaiUu, YCKaKueaiUu Ii CJl., KOjH cToje npeMaiioCKOttuiUu.ilooCKO.luiiiuHT.lI..• aJIH ca OCHOBOM HecBpmeHor marOJla CKaKaiUu. (B) HaKO ce, npeMa Ben nOMeHyroM MHJIaHoBHneBoM 3aKJ1>Y'!KY, "Ha CTaBaK -aea- CTaJIHO WlipH Ha pa'!yH cTapHjer HaCTaBKa -uea-" (1954:249), HDaK je OCTao H3BeCTaH 6poj marOJla Ha -ueaiUu, C npe3eHTOM Ha -yje.M, Ha cnpaM CBpmeHHX Ha -aiUu: oO'leKaiUu - oO'leKUeaiUu, yliyiiiKaiUu - yliyiU KueaiUu, TaKO H U3pyzueaiiiu ce, uciiuiiiueaiUu, 3aiiucueaiiiu, U3pe3ueaiUu, uciU{j)epueaiiiu, C jOTOBaTheM yciiae/bueaiiiu, caella9ueaiiiu, Hao3u9ueaiUu HT,lI.. TIoHeKH cy ,lI.aJIeKO '!eIIInH y ynoTpe6H Hero O,ll.rOBapajynH CBpweHH marOJl, HlIp. lIaollazueaiiiu (ce) HJIH U3uCKUeaiUu. (r) TIpeMa marOJlHMa Ha -IIYiUu, C Dpe3eHTOM Ha -yje.M: oojeKlIyiiiu oojeKueaiiiu, OOeUKlIyiUU - ooeuKueaiUu, TaKO H lIaMuzueaiUu, iioopuzuea iUu, oooupueaiUu, oOMaxueaiUu, OCM{j)exueaiUu ce HT,lI.. Ca ca'!YBaHHM 11 H jOTOBaTheM cy o6MafbueaiUu, lIaoaxfbueaiiiu, 3azPllfbueaiUu ce, 3acefbuea
369
(,lI.) TIpeMa cBpweHHM maroJl~Ma npBe BpCTe HaWJlH CMO caMO ,lI.Ba npHMepa C jOToBalbeM, UClIpiiciUu - UCilpillbu8aiUu (-yje.M) Ii cpaciUu cpaUlliueaiUu (-yje.M), DOpe,ll. cpaciUaiUu (TaKo H 3apaUlliueaiUu, DOpe,ll. 3a paciUaiUu; aJIH cYMlbaMo ,lI.a ce YMecTO lIapaciUaiUu HJlH U3paciiiaiUu yno TPe6J1>aBajy lIapaUlliueaiUu, U3paUlliueaiUu, Ma,lI.a PMC 6ene)I{H H TaKBe 06 JIHKe).
(tj) HeKOJlHKO cBpmeHHx marOJla Ha -oeaiUu HMajy HacnpaM ce6e He CBpweHe Ha -u8aiiiu: oC1Io8aiiiu - oC1Iu8aiUu (TaKo H 3aC1I08aiiiu - 3aCIIU eaiUu), OK08aiiiu - oKueaiUu (TaKO H iioiiiKueaiUu, 3aKU8aiUu HT,lI..), paciia K08aUlU paciiaKueaiUu (TaKo BepOBaTHO H oiUilaKUeaiUu, yiiaKUeaiUu, 3a iiaKUeaiUu, Ma,lI.a HX PMC He 6eJle)I{H), oapoeaiiiu - oapueaiUu, oiiope3oea iiiu - OilOpe3U8aiUu. TIpe3eHT je 06H'!HO Ha -ueaM, ,lI.a 6H ce pa3JlHKOBaO O,ll. cBpweHor maroJla, aJIH op; oapu8aUlu MO)I{e 6HTH H oapyje.M, a O,ll. OiiOPe3U eaiiiu je caMO oiiope3yje.M IIITO 3Ha'!H ,lI.a je Taj marOJl y llpe3eHTY ,lI.B0 BH,lI.CKH. 8.6.1. Y Cy
370
TBop6a pe'lH Y caBpeMeHOM CP£lCKOM je3HKY
CyqlllKCaQHja
nojeJlHHOcm"), UPOilutliKu6atliu (ce), 3auutliKu6atliu (no PMC HCTO lUTO H
FbytuKu6awu, OCM(j)eUlKU6aUtU ce, UOOCM(j)eUlKU6aUtU ce, OHH 6H MornH 6HTH O,lJ. oupaUtu, zypaUtu HT,lJ.., aJIH no 3Ha'IeH>Y jOlli npe O,lJ. oupKawu, zyp Kailiu, FbYUlKailiu, CM(j)eUlKailiu ce, 'IHMe 61'1 ce CBPCTaJIH Meljy IIeT ca cy IjJHKCOM -U6aUtu.
3auuiliu6ailiu, Ma,lJ.a je oBaj ,lJ.PYfH 06JlHK ,lJ.aHac caCBHM Heyo6H'IajeH, a 06a cy 6e3 ~lITaTa 1'13 rpalje), UouupKU6ailiu (,,.u.eM. npeMa nonHpHBam") 1'1 cn.
(6) ,lJ;eMHHYTHBHH O,lJ. HecBplUeHHx Ha -ailiu O,lJ.HOCHO -a6ailiu: :}(lciliaj KU6ailiu (,,3aycTaBJLam ce C BpeMeHa Ha BpeMe, nOBpeMeHo 3acTajaTH"), UPUilip'lKU6ailiu (,,.u.eM. npeMa npH'I'p'IaBaTH") 1'1 CJl. (B) HeCBplIIeHH H Y'IeCTaJIH O,lJ. CBplIIeHHX Ha -HyiiiU, -ailiu HJlH -uiliu: UOiliuCKU6ailiu (,,HeCBplii. 1'1 y'I. npeMa nOTHCHYTH"), UciliuCKU6ailiu, floo 6puCKU6ailiu, OCllytuKU6ailiu, 006IleCKU6ailiuI006/be- (ce) ("HecBplii. 1'1 y'I. npeMa O,lJ.6JlecHyrn [ce]": MOrJlO 61'1 6Hm 1'1 O,lJ. HMeHH~e 006IlecaKI006/be caK), flpeliyiiiKU6aUtU (O,lJ. flpeliyiliailiu), 3aMYIIKu6ailiu, flOxypKu6ailiu (y PMC "HeCBplii. 1'1 yq. npeMa nO'IKYPHm"; aJIH MOrJlO 61'1 6HTH 1'1 O,lJ. uO:JlC)' pU6ailiu, y KOM cnyqajy 61'1 cna.u.aJIO y rpyny a) HT,lJ.. 11 Beh nOMeHYTH 3a fluiliKU6ailiu 1'1 flpuilip'lKU6aUtU ,lJ.OlIIJlH 61'1 Y OBY KaTeropHjy YKonHKo HX 1'13 BO,lJ.HMO 1'13 3auuiliaUtu O,lJ.HOCHO upuilip'lailiu. (r) HecBplIIeHH 1'1 yqeCTaJIH O,lJ. CBplIIeHHX Ha -Kailiu: Y/bY/bKU6ailiu (ce) ("HeCBplii. 1'1 yq. npeMa YJhYJhKam [ce]"), y/bytuKU6ailiu (ce) (HcTO),3aUlY UlKU6ailiu ("HecBplii. 1'1 yq. npeMa 3amymKaTH"), UOlfYUKU6aUtU ("HecBplii. 1'1 yq. npeMa no~ynKaTH"), yliyiiiKU6atuu, 3aiilbYCKU6aiftu ("HecBplii. 1'1 yq. npe Ma 3aIIJbycKam"), 00ZYPKU6ailiu (,,HeCBplii. 1'1 y'I. npeMa o.u.rypKaTH"), uo iiIb)'llKU6ailiu ("HecBplii. 1'1 yq. npeMa nOllJh~Kam") HT,lJ..
(,lJ.) IIope,lJ. ynpaBo nOMeHyrnx uOllyUKU6aUtU 1'1 UpuxelbKu6ailiu, y npeIjJHKCaJIHO-cyIjJHKCaJIHe CBaKaKO 6HCMO YBPCTHJlH 1'1 UPUCIlYUlKu8ailiu (O,lJ. CIlytuailiu). liTO ce TH'Ie rJlarOJla 3aoupKu8ailiu, UOozypKU6ailiu, upu 194 Yn. rJlaroJle oiUUCKU6aiUu (ce), yiUUCKU6aiUu (ce), oiiJbyqKU6aiUu, 3a Koje PMC .lI.onyurra MoryliHoCT H3Boljea.a O.ll. no JlBA OfiJlHKa cBpweHor maroJla: Ha3HBa HX HecBpwe HHM H }"IeCTaJlHM "npcMa OTHCKaTH H OTHCHyTH (ce)", "npeMa yTHcKaTH H YTHCHyTH (cc)", "npeMa OlUhyuKllTH H OIUhYlUIyTH".
371
8.6.2. 3a oCM(j)eUlKU8aillu ce nOCTojH H MoryliHOCT H3BoljeH>a CyIjJHK COM -u6aillu O,lJ. HMeHH~e OCM(j)eUlaK. I-:I3BoljeH>e OJ( HMeHH~e norOTOBY je BepOBaTHO 3a oCMejKU6ailiu ce 195, OCM(j)exu8aUtU ce, Kao 1'1 3a paHHje nOMe
BYTO
006IleCKU6aillu/006/beCKU6aUtU (ce).
8.7••YBaTK (-y6aUtu) KaO CyljJHKC 3anpaso Be nOCTojH, aJIH aKO ra 1'13 MOjHMO Kao 3aBplIIeTaK (aHaJIOI'HO OHOMe lIITO CMO 'IHHHnH 3a je,lJ.aH ,lJ.eo marona Ha -a6aillu, -e8ailiu O,lUiOCHO -U8ailiu), HaliM heMo ra Y ManO'IaC no MeHYTHM 0Y6ailiu, zpY6aillu, C KpaTKHM y y MY6aillu, KlbY6aillu (jeM) 1'1 iilbY6ailiu (-jeM), a y3 TO Y 06yiliu 06Y8ailiu, HQ3yillu Ha3}'6aillu 1'1 U3y iliu -
U3)'6aillu.
8.8. -BTH Kao HMnepljJeKTHBHH CyljJHKC (B. 1'16.8) Y'IeCTByje y BHJ(CKHM napOBHMa caMO y3 H3pa3HTe BOKaJICKe 1'1 KOHCOHaBTCKe npoMeHe y OCHOBH. IIpH TOM je caCBHM HeH3BecHo lJ.lTa je,nOCTaJIO O,lJ. 'tern, jep cy nocpe,!I.H rna roJlH KOjH CaMOCTaJIHO nOCToje Kao HeCBplIIeHH (600uiliu, 603Uillu, Hocuillu, ZOHuillu, 6IUl'luiftu), ,lJ.OK CBplIIeHH nap~ HMajy Be3aHe OCHOBe Y3 npe IjJHKC: 008ecillu -6eOeM, U36ecillu -6eOeM, Ha6ecUtu -6eOeM HT,lJ..; 006ecii1u -8e3eM, u36eciliu -8e3eM, Ha6ecillu -6e3eM 1IT,lJ..; OOH(uj)eillu (-HeCeM), OOH(uj)eiliu, UOH(uj)eillu HT,lJ..; Ha2Haillu, oozHaillu, flpOZHaillu HT,lJ.. lliY3eTaK cy npeljJHKCaJIH Ha -6)'liu, r,lte 6)'liu nOCTojH CaMOCTaJIHO 1'1 ,lJ.aneKO je qelIIhe Hero 6Ila'lUillu. Y napy o6yliu - o6lla'lUiftu 06a marona cy H3ry6HJla MOTH Ba~jy. Ea6Hh 1991:477 H3pH'IHTO Kll)I(e: "aKO r.naron HMa npeljJHKc, a He cBplIIeH je, OH.ll.a HHje HaCTaO npeIjJHKca~HjoM, Hero HMnepljJeKTHBH~joM CBplIIeHora rnarOJla, HDp. rJlarOJDf 00600uillu, U3600uillu, Ha600uUtU HHCY HaCTaJIH npeIjJHKcawfjOM npeljJHKCHMa 00-, U3-, Ha- H rnarona 6oOuillu, Hero HMllepljJeKTHBH3aInljoM CBplIIeHHX rnaroJla 006ecUtu, U36eciliu, Ha6eciliu." Y ,lteny 0 npeIjJHKca~jH, 5.2.1, H3HeJJH CMO apryMelITe 360r KOjHX cMa'I'paMO ,lJ.a OBO nHTaH>e HHje ,lJ.O Kpaja pellieHo. He caMO rnaCOBHe npOMeHe Hero nornYHy 3aMeHy OCHOBe (cynne~H jy) HMaMO Y napOBHMa mna 06uliu (-U~eM) o6U11t13Uillu, Haliu (Ha9eM) HClIUl3Uillu, oilluliu (OOeM) - OO/lQ3uillu Hen., 0 'teMY BH,ltH nO,lJ.po6HHje y ,lJ.eny 0 npeIjJHKca~HjH, 5.4.1 . 19S HjeKascKH OCMujKu6aiUu ce, npcl\la PMC: DOCToja lIH 3aHCTa TaKas 06J1HK?
372
373
TBop6a pe'lll y CaapeMeliOM CpncKoMje:lHKY
Cy$IIKcaullja
8.9. -HYTH (-oeM), je~aH O~ HajwHpe 3acTyrrJbeHHX CYQJHKca, y MOTH BHcaHHM pe'lHMa rp~H CBpweHe marOJle, aJIH Kao 3aBpWeTaK MOiKe ce ja BHTH H Y HeCBpweHHM (ili.OHYili.U, ZUHYili.U, eeHYili.u HT~.). Ko~ MHorHX ma rona 3aBpWeTaK HHQJHHHTHBa BapHpa H3Meljy -HYili.U H -nu O~HOCHO -HYili.U H -cili.u. TaKo HMaMO ounu, cili.unu, /lenu, iio6(j)enu HT~., ~aHac 06H'lHHje Hero oumyili.u HT~.; oocemyili.u y3 pelje oocenu, yxemyili.u y3 pelje yxe nu, yiipei?Hyili.u (yilpenu je 3aCTapeno); penu, uoili.enu CKOPO HCKJbY'lHBO Y TOM 06nHKY, uynu 06H'lHHje Hero iiYlmyili.u, Manu H ili.anu npH6nHiKHO je~ HaKO y06H'lajeHo KaO H MaKHYili.u, ili.aKHYili.u; iioc(J)ecili.u nope~ peljer uoc(J)eOHYili.u, iiacili.u YMeCTO 3aCTapenor HJIH nOKpajHHcKor uaOHYili.u, cpecili.u ~aHac CaMO Y TOM 06JIHKY (Ma~a PMC HMa o~pe~HHI..{y cpeili.Hyili.u [ce] ca TpH UHTaTa) H TaKO ~aJbe.
KJleKHYili.u MOry npHn~aTH ~BeMa rpynaMa, TO jecT 6HTH npeMa je'laili.u, KJle'laili.u HJIH npeMa je/1aili.ll, KJle/1aili.u.
Hcnpe~ -Hyili.U no rIpaBHny MOiKe ~ohH caMO je~aH cyrJIaCHHK. npeMa HeCBpweHHM rJIarOJlHMa Ha -Kaili.u H Ha -ili.aili.u (6HrIO ~a cy TO CYQJHKCH HJIH caMO 3aBpweUH) ~ona3e CBpweHH Ha -Ilyili.u 6e3 K, O~HO CliO 6e3 ili.. TIpHMepH: upacKaili.u - upacHYili.u, ili.pecKaili.u - ili.pecHYili.U, TaKO H epucHYili.u, Cili.UCHYili.U, ilJoeCHYili.u, ilJoYCHYili.U, nytuIlYili.u, tuytuHyili.U, lIyUHYili.u, ili.yili.Hyili.U, MynHyili.u, M/ballHYili.U, ilJoYllHYili.U, OPeMYlIHYili.U HT~.; 6YKili.aili.u - 6YKHYili.u, tuaiiili.aili.u (nope~ waiiyili.aili.u) - tuaiiHYili.u, ili.peii ili.aili.u - ili.peuHYili.u, na H rrOCJle cnorOTBOpHOr p o6pili.aili.u - 06pHYili.U, Hacpili.aili.u - HacpHYili.u, 3zpili.aili.u - 3ZPHYili.U HT~. Ha HCTH Ha'lHH npeMa 6pu3zaili.u HMaMO 6pU3HYili.u (~aHac npeTeiKHO Kao ~eo QJPa3eMa 6pU3HYili.U y iiAa'l).
8.9.1.
OTy~a
H 6e3 cyrJlaCHH'lKe rpyne, 3aBpwHH cyrJIaCHHK OCHOBe ce ry6H y Kpeili.aili.u - KpeHYili.u, cKuoaili.u - CKUHyili.U, tuili.uuaili.u - ytuili.UHYili.u, U3 zu6aili.u - U3ZUHYili.U HT~. To He BaiKH 3a CBe TaKBe OCHOBe, jep KaHyili.u, tuaHYili.u, WKPUHYili.U ~aHac cy y Kl:bHiKeBHOM je3HKY qeWhH y 06JIHKY C OqYBaHHM cyrJIaCHHKOM, KaiiHYili.u, tuaUHYili.u, tuKPUUHyili.u 196, a tuUHYili.U (OWUHYili.U, ytuUHyili.U) HHCY BHwe jacHo MOTHBaUHoHo Be3aHH 3a tuu6aili.u. .z:wyre QJOHeTCKe aJITepHaUHje HMaMO y napOBHMa ca tuili. HacnpaM c (iiutuili.aili.u - UUCHYili.u, eputuili.aili.u - epucHYili.u, 6/letuili.aili.u [6/luje-] 6/lecHyili.u [6Ibe-], ilJoytuili.aili.u ilJoYCHyili.U), xo HacrrpaM 3 y 3euxoaili.u - 3eU3HYili.u, 3aTHM 3/z (cili.e3aili.u - cili.emyili.u, uoce3aili.u - uocei?Hyili.u, yiipe3aili.u - yupezHyili.u, oU3aili.u - OUZHyili.u!ounu, ili.p3aili.u - ili.pmyili.u HT~.), /1!/( (KJlullaili.u - KJlUKHYili.u, HUllaili.u - HUKHyili.u!Hunu, uYllaili.u UYKHyili.u!uynu HT~.), 'lIK (lIU'laili.u - /1UKHYili.U, KpU'laili.u KpUKHyili.U, TaKO H opeKHYili.u, lPPKHYili.U, ili.PKHYili.U, /1epKHYili.u, KopaKHYili.u HT~.): JeKHYili.u H 196 O./t HCTO!' Kopeliaje II OOIUKpUHymu (B. CKOKa 1l0./t UiKpiiii), aJllI OHO lieMa HecBp l1leHIl naplbaK, HKTH IIKaKBY ceMaHTK'IKY Be3Y ca IUKpuiiamu.
i
,I
I
8.9.2. y ~OC~aWH>eM npeme~i Beh CMO BH~eJlH -H.yili.u y BH~CKHM napOBHMa HacrIpaM HecBpweHHx Ha -aea~uu (S.2.e), -aili.u (S.1.o H S.l.~), -eeaili.u (S.5.6), -ueaili.u (S.6.z). KaKO CMO Beh BHwe nyTa HarroMeHynH, CMep H3BoljeH>a yrJIaBHOM je HeH3BecTaH, rra je YMeCTO 0 rrepQJeKTHBH3aUH jH HJlH 0 HMrrepQJeKTHBH3aUHjH cHrypHHje rOBOpHTH 0 KopenauHjH, Tj. 0 nocTojal:bY BH~CKHX rrapOBa. OB~e 6H TPe6aJIo ~a Ha6pojHMo rrapoBe y KO jHMa -Hyili.U CnyiKH 3a nepQJeKTHBH3aUHjy HecBpmeHor marona. H Ta no~e na je caCBHM penaTHBHa, nOWTO JaBHCH o~ CeMaHTHqKHX o6eneiKja. TIPH Mepa p~H, IbYIbHyili.U je CBaKaKO "cBpm. npeMaIbYlbaili.u", KaKO ra orrHcyje PMC, 6y~yliH ~a je JbYJbaH>e rro cBpjOj npHpo~H TPajHa p~H>a, aJIH 3a MaX HYili.U, ZypHyili.U HHCMO CHrypHH ~a JIH ~a HX H3BO~HMO H3 Maxaili.u, zypaili.u HnH 06pHyrO. 8.9.3. Kao lby/bHyili.U, jacHe nepQJeKTHBH3aIl,Hje HecBpweHHx maraJIa cy H 0PeMHYili.u, ciiaeHyili.u, 'leKHyili.u, /1(J)euHYili.u, Ibyili.Hyili.U ce, 2)'ili.Hyili.U, 'lyiiHyili.U, iiUpHyili.U, KJlU3Hyili.U, ceupHyili.u, y3 .Qpyre pelje rnarOJIe KojHMa ce 6aBH HpeHa rpHUKaT y CBOM p~ 1955:90-91, r.Qe Ha nepQJeKTHBH3a UHjy rne.Qa Kao Ha je~HY BpCTy .QeMHHynHje. rnarOJlH cy Haj'lewhe rrpeMa HecBpweHHMa Ha -aili.u: rrope.Q HaBe~eHHX jow H /lyiiHyili.U, uuuHyili.U, Kau Hyili.U, pUili.Hyili.U (ce), KUOHyili.U (c rrpoMeHoM 3Ha'leH>a), ZyKHyili.U, jayKH.y ili.u, PUKHYili.u, lPUjYKHyili.u, /1UMHyili.U, OPMHyili.U, 30eHyili.u (0.Q rrpe3eHTCKe oCHoBe), 3(uj)eeH.yili.u, c(uj)eeHYili.u, OUPHYili.u, 2)'PHyili.U, KpecHYili.u, /lU3Hy ili.u, KY/1HYili.U, wili.Y/1HYili.U, tuMP/1Hyili.u, '1y'lHyili.U HT.Q. Pelje cy rrpeMa OHH Ma Ha -uili.u (lby6Hyili.U, M/laili.Hyili.u, lbyili.Hyili.u ce, zacHyili.u [.QBOBH.QCKH], eupHyili.u, KonoKBHjaJIHO tuU3Hyili.U HT.Q.) a jom pelje npeMa OHHMa Ha -(j)eili.u (:JICUeHyili.u, iiPOHyili.U, ZPMHyili.U) H npeMa .QBOBH.QCKOM CyQJHKCY cTPaHor nopeKJIa -upaili.u, Kao y tuyili.upaili.u tuyili.Hyili.U HJIH KUKcupaili.u - KUKCHYili.U (OBO .Qpyro y KnajH 1992). C BOKaJIOM Ha Kpajy OCHOBe cy /laHYili.u (c OKpH>eHOM OCHOBOM o.Q/la jaili.u), H3pa3HTO HeperynapHo ceaHyili.u (HacnpaM ceuili.aili.u), Kao H .QBe rpyne marona y KopenaUHjH CHeCBpweHHMa Ha -eaili.u O.QHOCHO Ha -jaili.u: oyeaili.u - OyHyili.U, zpyeaili.u ZpyHyili.U, Myeaili.u - MYHyili.U, ilJoyeaili.u (-jeM) - ilJoYHYili.U, Klbyeaili.u (-jeM) - KlbYHyili.U; cujaili.u - CUHyili.U, KUja ili.u - KUHyili.U, eujaili.u - eUHyili.u, 3ujaili.u - 3UHyili.U. 197 3a OBHM nOCJIe.Q 197 Kujamu H KUllyiiiU cy OA npB06HTHor KIl.WmU H KUXHyiiiU, aJlH cy ce nOTnyHo YKflonHnll y OBY rpyny. CeMaHTH'IKa Be3a H3Me~y (Jujamu H IlUllyiiiU Hllje TOnHKO jacHa y ca MHM ODHM rnaromlMa KonHKO y npe$HKCaJlHMa U36ujamu - U3IlUHyiiiU, c6ujamu - C6UllyiiiU HTA. 3ujamu je AaHaC Haj'lewhe y ceKYHAapHOM 3HaQeH>Y '6neHYlll, T)'IIO rneAam', anll ce Bela ca 3uHymu BII)!,II Y lHaQeu,y '3jamITH', Koje PMC HaBO./tH no./t 2.
374
CY
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje:lHKY
fbHMa nOBO,l(e ce M jOllI HelM rnarOJIH ca -uj- y IJpe3eHTY, Kao /luiUu - /lUHy
iUu H uuiliu C ,naHac peTKHM UUHYiliu 'nHjYUHyrH'.
\
Y Be3H C OBHM je H lloCTojaIDe TlB. HaBe3aKa, KaKO HX HaJHBa Ea6Hh 1991:516, TO jeCT Mop!J>eMa Koje ce ,no,najy Ha Kpajy npIDIora He MeIDajyliH a.erOBO 3Haqea.e. (Y CTaPHjOj JIHTepaTypH 06H'lHO cy HaJHBaRH ,neHKTHqKHM 'leCTHQaMa, aJIH TO HHje y CKJIa.ny c ,naHamIDHM CXBaTaIDeM nojMa ,neHKce.) CJIH'lHO Cy!J>HKCHMa, H a.HXOB 6poj ,naHac je 3HaTHO MaIDH Hero HeKa,na: y06H'IajeHo je jom CaMO -a y Karla, caoa, iliaoa (H IDHXOBHM CJIO)KeHHuaMa) H ,nOHeKJIe -eM y 6apeM. OCTaJIH, Kao y 060e-Ha, oHoa-K, zo(j)e-Ho, oaHae-Ke, ftPOiliU6-y H CJI., ,naHac cy ,nHjaJIeKaTCKH IDIH 3aCTapeJIH.
CJIHqHO. Ory,na CMaTPaMO ,na je Kyliu y CBaKOM CJIyqajy npHJIor, c THM mTO ra je3H'lKH CTaa,nap,n ,nonymTa ca 3HaqeIDeM QHJ:ba aJIH He H ca 3Ha'leIDeM MeCTa 60paBKa..
-n:e
9. IlPHJIOIllKH CYHKCH 9.0. Y cTapHjeM je3HKY cy!J>HKcaUHja llpIDIora je 6HJIa llPMJIH'lHO aK THBHa. ,n:aHac BHme HHje,naH npHJIOmKH Cy!J>HKC HHje llpo,nYKTHBaH, a Meljy Ben cTBopeHHM H3Be,neHHuaMa BepOBaTHO HX, y YKYllHOM 36HPY, HMa 3HaT HO BHme 3aCTapeJIHX Hero OHHX Koje cy jom H ,naHac y ynOTPe6H. Ca H3y 3eTKOM cy!J>HKca -tie H -Ke H a.HXOBHX ,nYif(HX BapHjaHaTa, CBH OCTaJIH cy !J>HKCH 3acTyllJheHH cy caMO MaJIHM 6pojeM npHMepa.
375
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9.1. Cy!J>HKC -a HMaMO caMO y llPHJIOry oOMa, a H OH je ,naHac pe,naK y Cp6HjH, jep ce 3aMea.yje ca KOO Kylie O,nHOCHO Kyliu. (llopeKJIOM je Bepo BaTHO CTapH JIOKaTHB, Ma,na TO HHje CHryPHO: BH,nH CKOKa llO,n OOM.) 9.2. -Ac, ca BpeMeHcKHM npOKCHMaJIHHM 3Ha'lea.eM (Tj. Kao eKBHBa JIeHT 3aMeHHue 06a;), ,nOJIaJH y llPHJI03HMa oaHae, 6elJepae, Holiae H jeee Hac. Yn. HIDKe -oe H -ye. 9.2.1. -Oc ,nOJIaJH y npHJI03HMa 3a BpeMe jyilipoe, /leilioe (Jbe-), upo /leiUoc (ftpoJbe-). Yn. -ac H -yc. 9.2.2. -Yc ce jama caMO y 3UMye. Yn. -ae H -oe. 9.3. -H HMa BpeMeHcKo 3Haqea.e y /leWu (Jbe-) H 3UMU, a MeCHO y Ky liu. OBaj llOCJIe,nIDH je y PMC 3a6eJIe)KeH caMO y 3Ha'leIDY 'KO,n Kylie', ca 03HaKOM "noKp.". Ea6Hli 1991:515 yonmTe He y6paja Kyliu Meljy npHJIOre, jep 3a TaKBY ynoTPe6y (Hnp. y ejeOUM Kyliu) Ka)Ke ,naje ,,,nHjaJIeKTaJIH3aM", ,noKje y npHMepHMa Kao UOeM Kyliu "HMeHHua y ,naTHBY". HaMa ce qHHH,na OBO nOCJIe,na.e TyMa'lea.e MO)Ke Ba)KHTH caMO y ,nHjaxpoHHjH. Y ,naHama.eM je3HKY ,naTHB He)KHBHX HMeHHua 6e3 npe.lVIora He ynOTPe6J:baBa ce ,na 03Ha qH URlL KPeTaa.a: He 6HCMO peKJIH "H,neM 3rpa,nH", "H,neM n030pHmTY" H
9.4. je no CKOKY HCTor nopeKJIa Kao H -ICe; y MHomM npHJI03HMa npomHpeHo je Y -ut/e, C KOjHM jom llOKaTKa,n aJITepHMpa (eyciliout/e = cy cilioiiut/e H CJI.). ,n:OJIaJH Ha npH,neBcKeinpHJIOmKe OCHOBe, Kao y uojeouH tie, HeupeeiliaHt/e, eilipMoz.tJa6t/e, ca PO 00Cl106t/e, 6e3063Upt/e, Y3aeiliout/e HT,n. IIpa6t/e 'npaso, paBHO' ,naHac je peTKO, aJIH PMC ,naje 3a lbera TPH no,n3Haqea.a ca yKYllHO meCT uHTaTa. CJIO)KeHo-cy!J>HKCaJIHH cy uoeilipaH tie H HaU3M(j)eHt/e (= HaU3M[j]eHUIJHo). HeMOTHBHCaHO je HaeyMije. 9.4.1. BapHjaHTa -HUe rpMH npHJIore Ja HaqHH H ,nOJIaJH Ha paJHO JIHKe OCHOBe' Ma,na je 3HaTaH ,neo THX npHJIOra ,naHac 3acTapeo. O,n HMe HHqKe OCHOBe cy upUM(j)eput/e 'Ha npHMep', iJpuzoouije 'nOHeKa.n y npH ro,nH, 3ro,nOM' (ca jom ,nBa CJIHqHa 3Haqelba y PMq; HaM(j)epUije 'HaMep HO' (ca 03HaKOM "He06." H je,nHHM UHTaTOM y PMq MOrJIO 6H 6HTH o,n HMeHHue HJIH 0,1:\ llpHJIOra. 0,1:\ rJIarOJIa cy Ha6Mut/e 'HaMepHO, XOTHMH'IHO' H cY'lMUije 'Hacy llpOT KOMe, 'leMY, npeKo nyra'. Haj)KHBJ:bH y ynOTPe6H cy HempaHH 06JIH UH: o,n npH.L\eBCKe OCHOBe HeMWlUt/e, o,n rJIarOJICKe Hexoiliut/e (ca OCHOBOM Koja ,l:\aHaC oncTaje caMO y rnaroJICKOM npIDIory: no CKOKY je o,n CTapor npHJIOra Hexoilie), HeilipeMut/e (no CKOKY XaWIOJIOrHja o,n HeWpeHUMut/e), Heouasuije. 9.4.1.1. O,n npHJIOra cy 3aee6uije '3ace6Ho, O,l:\BojeHo', OICOMUije 'OKOMHTo',je06ut/e = je,l:\Ba (qecTO Kao noja'lalbe y pe,l:\ynJIHKaTHBHoM M3 paJy je06a je06Uije), Y3zpeout/e = Y3rpe,n HT,I:\. HeMOTHBHCaHH cy u(j)elUuije = nG)eulKe, HUlJut/e o,n cTapHjer HU~ (B. CKOKa noon HUICHyiliU), HaY3HalJut/e = HaY3HaK. Kao CJIO)KeHo-cy!J>HKCaJIHH (0,1:\ CHHTarMe npe,nJIor + HMeHHua) HaCTaJIH cy UO/leljut/e ('Ha JIeljHMa, Ha JIe~a, nOJIe~ymKe'), HMeljUije (HCTO), yciliouut/e 'y cTOny' (TaKolje cyciliouut/e, MO)K,L\a noon yrHuajeM rna rOJIa cyciliU3ailiu). BH,L\H H npHMepe noon -tie. I-hY3eTHO, y MMKUt/e (c naJIaTaJIH3aUHjoM MMIJUt/e) -Uije HHje Ha 'lHHCKH Hero ,l:\eMHHymBHH Cy!J>HKC, ,no,naT Ha Ben ,neMHHymBHO Ma/lKO.
9.4.2. -HMHue je Cy!J>HKC HaqHHCKHX npHJIora. Morno je HaCTaTH PaJJIH'IHTHM nyreBHMa: Kao BapHjaHTa 0,1:\ -OMUI/e (B. TO, HH)Ke), 0,1:\ HHCTPY MeHTaJIa je.L\HHHe (Hnp. OutilipUM + -uije> olUilipUMUt/e), 0,1:\ HHCTPYMeHTa lIa-lIOKaTHBa MHO)KHHe (M[j]eciliUM[a] + -ut/e > MD]eciliUMuqe) H ,np. Kojer ro,n ,na je nopeKJIa, aHaJJOWKH ce npOmHpHJIO H ca,na ,nOJIaJH ca MHoro paJ JIH':IHTHX OCHOBa. 0,1:\ HMeHHqKe OCHOBe, nope,l:\M(j)eciliUMUije, H3Be,l:\eHH cy O(j)MUMUt/e (= OD]MOMUije, B. HH)Ke), xpuUMUt/e 'y roMIDIaMa, 6e3 PeJl.a',
~76
Tsop6a pe'lM Y CaSpeMeHOM CpnCKOM jeJMKY
Cy$HKcaIUlja
3Z00UMuZ{e 'y 3rOJ{Hoj npHJIHl.{H, nOFCaTr(aJ{' (y PMC ca J{Ba cTapHja XpBaT CKa l.{HTaTa), 'IeiUUMUZ{e 'y 'IeTaMa', UpCUMUZ{e, Jle~UMUZ{e H J{pym HCTO Ta KO HeyoGH'IajeHH H3pa3H.
PMC GeJIelKH jOlli J{OCTa J{pyrHx oGnHKa Kao owupBKe, lU13aWKe, (uo)6ay/bKe, (uo)uojacKe, up(uj)ewenKe, OOCKO'lKe H CJI., aJIH cy MHOrH OJ{ lLHX pemOHaJIH3MH, HeyoGH'IajeHH y J{aHallllLeM ciaHJ{apJ{HoM je3HKY.
OJ{ npHJ{eBa HJIH npHJIora je KOCUMUZ{e 'KOCO, YKOCO' (J{Ba l.{HTaTa y PMC), OJ{ rJIarOJIa JleiUUMuZ{e, xOiUUMuZ{e, 600UMUZ{e (B. HHlKe), C Heral.{H JOM HewiUeOUMuZ{e HTJ{. IToceGHY rpyny qHHe npHJI03H KOjH Ka3yjy KaKO je OKpeHYT Maq HJIH HeKO J{pyro 011111'0 opYlKje: OWiUpUMuZ{e 'OlliTPOM cTPa HOM Ce'IHBa, OllirpHl.{OM ' (OJ{ npHJ{eBa HJIH OJ{ OKplLeHe HMeHHl.{e owiUpu Z{a), ca HCTHM 3HaqelLeM cOJe'lUMuZ{e (BepOBaTHo OJ{ HMeHHl.{e c[j]e'lU(0), 600UMuZ{e 'GOJ{ynH (HOlKeM, caGJLOM)', iilbowiUUMuZ{e H cTapHje wlOwiUu MuZ{e 'nJLOCHaTOM, paBHOM CTPaHOM' (no CKOKY OJ{ u.nOCKa C naJIaTamf3a l.{HjOM, aJIH MO)KJ{a H OJ{ u.nOWiUUHaliilbo- HJIH u.nowiUuZ{a/iilbo-).
9.5.1. -A'IKe 03Ha'IaBa nonolKaj TeJIa: HMaMO ra y ~a6a'lKe, ca HCTHM 3Ha'IelbeM y ITCT HazJlaBa'lKe, nopeJ{ Tora y PeTKOM KOJleHa'lKe (KO/be-) 'Ha KOJIeHHMa' He cnaJ{a OBaMO (Ha)KpKa'lKe ('Ielline HaKpKa'le), OJ{ 3aCTapeJIe HMeHHl.{e KpKa'la ' JIelja'.
Y lllHpOj ynOTPeGH J{aHac cy CaMO M(j)eciUUMuZ{e, oOJeJlUMuZ{e, Jle iUUMuZ{e H xoiUUMuZ{e. OJ{ lLHX cy H3BeJ{eHH npllJ{eBH Ha -'I(a)H, a OJ{ OBHX HOBH npHJI03H Ha -'IHO (M[j]eciUUMU'l11O HTJ{.), KOjH ca cBoje CTPaHe nOTH CKyjy npBoGHTHe Ha -UMuZ{e. 9.4.3. -OMHl.{e (oJ{ -OM H -uZ{e) J{aHac je yoGH'IajeHo caMO y xpBaT CKOM, y npHJI03HMa Kao ojeJlOMu!,fe,jaiUoMuZ{e 'HajaTa, y jaTHMa', 'IaCOMU Z{e 'c BpeMeHa Ha BpeMe, Ha MaXOBe' HJIH 'Ha TpeHYTaK, TpeHYTHO', Kpaoo MuZ{e (= KpaJ{OM). Y CpGHjH OBe pe'IH, YKOJIHKO ce yonlllTe ynorpeGJLaBajy, HMajy -UMuZ{e (B. rope).lhY3eTaKje KpuoMuZ{e 'KPHlllOM, nOTajHo', oJ{aKJIe HMeHHl.{a KpuOM'Iap, nOTOM KpujYM'Iap (no yrJIeJ{Y Ha 3YJlYMnap, KaKO MH CJIH CKOK). 9.5. CYCPHKCOM -Ke rpaJ{e ce npHJI03H 3a Ha'IHH, a npe CBera OHH 3a nOJIOlKaj. OJ{ npHJIOra, C naJIaTaJIH3al.{HjoM, H3BMeHH cy UOUpe'lKe, Hao Ua'lKe, llaiUpaWKe (y3 CJIOlKeHHl.{y YHaiUpawKe). HeMoTHBHcaHH cy u(j)ewKe (= u[j]ewuZ{e) H oyUKe (J{aHac caMO y H3pa3Y oyuKe UyH, XpB. oyu KOM UYH, KOjH CKOK, s. v. 0:96, J{OCTa HeyGeJ{JLHBO TYMaqH: "Tj. TaKO nyH J{a JLYJ{H cToje jeJ{aH nopeJ{ J{pyror KaO J{yGOBH". Malbe je yoGH'IajeHo 3Haqe lLe 'y cTojeneM nOJIOlKajy, ycnpaBHo', Koje PMC nOTKpenJLyje CJ{Ba l.{HTa Ta, oGa ca CHHTarMOM ciUaiUu OyuKe). OJ{ rJIaroJIa cy nyiUKe H .IIry'lKe (TaKoije .JI9''IKU) - OBO .npyro npB06HTHO 'nYTenH' aJIH J{aHac Haj'Ielline ca 3Ha'IelLeM 'noTajHo, nOJ{MYKJIO, H3J{aj HH'IKH'. IToceGH)' rpyny 'IHHe H3BeJ{eHHl.{e OJ{ rnarOJICKHX npHJIora Ha -enu, Koje yrJIaBHOM 03HaQasajy nOJIOlKaj JLYJ{CKor reJIa: ciUojenKe. c(j)eoenKe. Jle :>ICenKe, 'IY'lenKe, UY3enKe, :JICMypenKe HTJ{. CBe ce jaBJLajy H y 06JIHKY Ha -KU. CnOlKeHO-CYCPHKCaJIHe TBOpeHHl.{e cy uoiUp6YWKe, 06epY'lKe, 'IeiU60 pOHOWKe, CBe C naJIaTaJIH3al.{HjoM.
377
9.5.2. -YwKe HaJIa3HMO caMO y UOJle~YWKe, nITO je O'IHrneJ{HO CTBO peHo no aHaJIOrHjH ca uoiUp6YWKe (rJ{e je CYCPHKC -Ke). 9.5.3. -KH Kao BapHjaHTa OJ{ -Ke jaBJLa ce y MaJIO'IaC nOMeHYToM My'lKU (= MY'1Ke) H y H3BeJ{eHHl.{aMa THna cwojenKu, Koje cy HeWTO oGH'1HHje y TOM OGJIHKY Hero Ha -Ke.
9.6. -Ko je J{eMHHYTHBHH CYCPHKC KOjH J{OJIa3H Ha npHJIOWKe OCHOBe, CaMO y MaJlKO, a ca cH6HJIapH3aI.tHjoM y KOJlUZ{KO (y PCAHY) H UKOJlUZ{KO ('Mar
9.7. -Ma, Ge3 oJ{peijeHor 3Ha'Ielba, J{OJIa3H CaMO Y 3aCTapeJIHM npHJIO 3HMa 6eliMa 'BHllle' H 60.IbMa '60JLe' (oBaj .npyrH y PMC CjeJ{HHM npHMe POM H3 J. ITaH'IHna), a eTHMOJIOWKH H Y 6eOMa, me je H3ry6.l:heHa Be3a CKO peHOM BeJl-. 9.S. -OM je no nopeKJIY HaCTaBaK HHCTPYMeHTaJIa jeJ{HHHe, aJIH ce na J{elliKa cpy"Kl.{Hja jow 'lysa CaMO y MaJIOM 6pojy npHMepa Kao WTO cy pe OOM HJIH U3p(uj)eKoM 'H3PH'1HTO'. PMC KBaJIHcpHKyje OBaKBe 06JIHKe Kao npHJIOre, lllTO je caCBHM onpaBJ{aHO aKO Y3MeMO y OG3Hp nOMepalLa y 3Ha QelLY H CPYHKl.{HjH. tfacKoM, peUHMO, He 6H Morno J{a ce 3aMeHH ca ,;rpe HYTKOM"; MaxOM '06H'1HO, Haj'1ewne' He OJ{roBapa yoGH'1ajeHHM 3Ha'1eIbH Ma HMeHHue Max; WUpOM je J{aJIeKO 06H'IHHja pe'1 Hero HMemfl.(a Wup, a CKOK, s. V. WUpOK, '1ar< TBPJ{H "nocmep6aJI wup m caMO y npHJIory WUPOM = WUpOM"). ITaJ{ewKHM 06JIHKOM He 6H ce MOrJIH 06jaCHHTH jeoHoM, MU JlOM (YMeCTO O'1eKHBaHor MWiUM - BepOBaTHO no aHaJIOrHjH ca CWlOM), rrpeTelKHO xpBaTCKO UCWOM CTeK, je.nsa'), JlUCWOM (CKOK ra H3BO./UI O)J.
378
Tuop6a pe'!H y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je31!KY
am1: Ii on UCmOM KOMe je Ha rIOlfeTI
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1. TEPMHH H ,[(E
380
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Tsop6a pe'lH Y CaSpCMeHOM CpnCKOM jeJHKY
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ja), ilOee3HU'lelbe (KOHjYHKlIUOHaflU3alluja) H uoupujeaJlOXelVe (upeii03U lIUOHaflU3alluja).
2.3. HajaHIlle HMa nOHMeHHlJelba Koja y nOTITYHOCTH 3a.llp)KaBajy npH .lleaCKY npoMeHy. Meijy IbHMa ce noce6Ho HCTHlJY TpH rpyne pelJH: (a) HMe Ha .llpJKaBa H nOKpajHHa, y JKeHCKOM P0.llY, ca CyqJHKCOM -Cltu HJIH lberOBHM aJIOMopqJHMa (EH2!leCKa, LJewKa, rp'lKa HT.ll., BH.llH Y .lleny 0 <\yIjIHKcaUHjH 3.25.9); (6) npe3HMeHa Ha -CKU, IIpeTe)KHO H3 .llpyrHx CJIOaeHtKHx je3HKa (J{ociliojeecKu, Eje.tlUHCKU, JIaaepeeCKU, KOHecKu HT.ll.) aJIII H MHora n03Ha Ta npe3HMeHa H3 jyrocnoaeHcKHx KpajeBa (nafiCKU, I.{plVaHcKu, Pa'lKU, MYWUlIKU HT.ll.); (a) noje.llHHa HMeHa HaCeJba, y CBa TpH P0.llll, Kao JIJlaWKU (I1naIllKor, y I1naIllKoM)199, HMOilicKU, Jby6YWKU, Hoeu, rp03HU, MaKap CKa (y MaKapcKoj), EalVcKa, rpOllKa, Euje.tla. Jbyilia, TOUYCKO (y Tony CKOM), EP'lKO, TujecHo, BUCOKO HT.ll.
\,
2. rrOHMEHWIEfbE 2.1. IToHMeHH'laBajy ce CKOpO HCKJbYlJHBO npH.lleBH. 3a Ty nojaBY y pelJHHKY HaJIa3HMO MHOllITBO npHMepa H CBaKO.llHeBHO ce jaBJbajy HOBH. ITpoMeHa KaTeropHje, MeijYTHM, lJeCTO HHje jacHa H He.llaOCMHCJIeHa, 6y.llY IiH .lla .ll0 nOHMeHHlJelba .llOJIa3H eJIHnCOM (H30CTaBJbalbeM HMeHHue nOCJIe npH.lleBa) H .lla npH TOM npH.lleBH HajlJeIlIlie 3a.llp)KaBajy CBOjy .lleKJIHHaUHjy (0 lJeMY B. HHJKe). Ea6HIi (CTp. 48) UHTHpa KpJIeJKHHY pelJeHHUY "lIlaHTaB UH H lionaBUH, liopaBUH H Kpe3y6H, Y3eTH H XpOMH H YKJIeTH Bjepyjy .lla lie .llOOO .llaH Ka.ll lie npocKaKYTaTH Kao BjeBepHue". OB.lle ce pelJH Kpe3y6u, Y3eiliu, XPOMU, YKIleiliu Mory cMaTpaTH HMeHHuaMa (aHaJIOrHO npeTXO.llHH Ma y HH3Y, waHiliaellu, nouaellu, nopaellu), "aJIH ce", KalKe Ea6Hli, "MOJKe CMaTpaTH .lla cy H npHAjeBH jep y pelJeHHUH MOry 6HTH aTpH6YTH HeH3pe lJeHoj HMeHHUH /byiJu". 2.2. MOJK.lla je.llHHH npHMepH nOHMeHHlJeHHX npH.lleBa C HecYMIbHBO HMeHHlJKOM npoMeHoM jecy JKeHCKa HMeHa Tlma JacHa, MUIla, ,apaza, JIe iia, MUIleHa, CJlaijaHa, TujaHa H CJI. (r.lle je .llaTHB-JIOKaTHB Ha -u, He Ha -OJ). 3aje.llHHlJKe HMeHHue O.ll npH.lleBa 06HlJHO ce KOJIe6ajy H3Meijy .llBejy BpCTa npoMeHe. TaKBa je MIla~a 'HeBeCTa', '-mjH .llaTHB-JIOKaTHB rJIaCH MIlaaU, aJIH H MIlaaoj, npeMa PMC H npeMa Ea6Hliy, HaB. M.198 CJIHlJHO ce nOHaIlIa H MaTeMaTH'IKH TepMHH upaea: TalJKa Ha fipaeoj (lJeIlllie Hero Ha fipaeu), aJIH npeceK .llBejy uPQeQ (lJeIllne Hero .llBejy upaeux), napaJIeJIaH ca upaeaMa (npe Hero upaeUMa). Kpuea ce BepoaaTHo nOHaIlIa Kao H upaea, aJIHje 3a Iby TeIlIKO HanH npHMepe, nOllITO ce lJeCTO 3aMelbyje nYHHM H3pa 30M Kpuea JlUHuja HJIH H3ae.lleHHUOM Kpuey/ba. . Y Cpe.lllbeM P0.llY, ao6po H 3JlO HMajy reH. MH. iJ06apa, 3af1a, Kao HMe HHue; HHCTpYMeHTaJI je Pa3JIHlJHT 3aBHCHO O.ll 3HalJelba ("C nOJbOnpHBpe.ll HHM iJ06pOM ", aJIH: ,,.ll06po ce a06pUM Bpalla"). 3a CIlailiKO 'y Illenepy KyBa HO Bolie' PMC .llaje reHHTHa Ha -a HJIH Ha -oza, a Meijy UHTaTHMa je H je.llaH C npH.lleBCKHM IfHcTpYMeHTaJIOM: "ITOlJaCTH Me CJIaTKHM O.ll BHIllalba". 198 CaMO HMeHH'lK}' IIpOMCHY ose pe'lH npH3Haje M. TeJle6aK, r060pUMO CpUCKU, :6a IUa J1YKa-llpHIIITHHa 1998, 187, C npHMepHMa "nOMOH MJla.D,H", "XaJhHHa Ha MJla.D,H". Ha npOTHs, EroH <1>eKeTe Y 'IiynHh-<1>eKeTe-Tep3Hh 2002:49 cMaTpa .IIa je npaBHJlHO MIIaiJoj, ,l\OK 3a IlpHMepe Kao "KynH cse IIITO je.D;Hoj MIIaiJu 3a BeH'la.II>C Tpe6a" KalKe .IIa ce ,~aHac MOry CMaTpaTH Hcy06H'lajeHHM HJlH 1l0KpajHHcKHM".
IIlTO ce THlJe npe3HMeHa Ha -oe, KO.ll IbHX ce HHCTpYMeHTaJI KOJIe6a H3Meijy HMeHHlJKOr H IIpH.lleBCKOr 06JlHKa (HeaHoeOM H HealloeUM). Y.llO MaOOM npe3HMeHHMll, F.lle ce noceCHaHOCT jacHHje oceha, npH.lleBCKH 06 nHK npeOBJlaijyje (c MapKoM MU/baHOeUM). CnH'IHO je C npe3HMeHHMa Ha -UH, C THM llITO OHa pYCKa HMajy CaMO HMeHHlJKy npOMeHY (Hrrp. JIyUlKU HOM, 3a pa3JIHKy O.ll pYCKor llywKUHblM), .llOK je KO.ll.llOMallHX THrra TOKUIl, MUIlUH 'IeCTa H npH.lleBCKa rrpOMeHa. TorrOHHMe Ha -oeo H -eeo He CapCTaBaMO OBaMO, jep y CHHXPOHHjCKOj aHaJIH3H HeMajy Be3e C npH.lleBHMa. OHH cy Haj'leIllne HeMOTHBHcaHH (Ta Koeo, CMeaepeeo, JIaH'leeO H Cll.), a H TaMO r.lle je OCHOBa nperr03HaTJbHBa (Kao y Kpa/beeo) BHIlIe HeMajy Bpe.llHOCT noceCHaa. CToraje -oeo/-eeo .lla Hac HOpMaJIaH HMeHH'IKH CyIjlHKC, KOjH CMO 06Pa.llHJIH Y TpeneM .lleJlY rro.ll
1.101.
2.4. O.ll OCTanHX THnoaa nOMeHHMO jOIll MyIllKe Ha.llHMKe Kao Ciliapu, EP3U, EeAu, I.{pHU HT.ll. (ca CTaTYCOM HMeHaje MOJK.lla caMo!Wazu,!Wazoz), nOHeKO npe3HMe H3 CJIOBeHCKHX je3HKa Kao rOpKU, JIOKOPHU, THTYJle Kao Upe'laCHU, eeAe'laCHU, upece(uj)eiii.r/u, upey:J6UweHu, noje.llHHe .llpyre pe'lH Kao uOKOjHu, aeXYPHU, uoxapHu, MaflU200, apazu H iJpaza, xeHCKa, c(uj)eiJa (= ce.lla BJIac), ilipajHa (OH.llynauHja), .llOCKOpa nonYJIapHO upeiJ eojHu'IKa (06YKa) HT.ll. IToHMeHH'Iaaajy ce H rnarOJlCKH npH.lleBH: YMPJlU, Heciliaflu (Kao y "PO.ll6HHa HeCTaJIOr ce 06paTHJla nOJIHUUjH"), o60Jle.tlu (-/beAu), (ofi)iliy 199 OBaKBy IIpOMeHY .IIaje Tene6aK, HaB. M. OM HCTH'le ,J:taIlOHeKH TOnOHHMH OBor THna MOry HMaTH H HMeHH'lK}' npoMeH}', K30 ral/KO, ralp(a, y ral/ICY (Ma.aa ce 'lyjy H 06nHIJ,H "H3 ral.\KOr", "y r3l\KOM"), PawKa (AaT. PawKU IlpeMa llpaB. 1960, pQU/J(oj npeMa llpaB. 1993), rpaiJuwKa (y rpaiJuwKU HJlH y rpaiJuWl/u), qeMY MOllQ{a MOlKeMO .IIO,AaTH H E'IKa, y E'IKU. 200 Y 3Haqeu.y 'ManHlIIaH' HJlH 'MOPHapCKH nOMohHHK'. OBO,l:lpyro 3Haqell>C HHje pe rHCTpOBaHO Y PMC, anH je nOCBe):lOqeHO je,llHHM 1UI'l'aTOM H3 MHXaH1Ia llerpoSHha, nop. 9a.
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1
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.n:eJIY 3.10.
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382
2.5. OBaj cnHcaK 6H ce .n:ao npOIllHpHTH JOIll MHorHM npHMepHMa, anH HeMa H3rJIe.n:a .n:a 6H HKa.n:a Morao 6HTH .n:eIjlHHHTHBaH. CTBap je y TOMe IllTO, npeMa Beli UHTHpauOM 3anaJKaFbY Ea6HlieBOM, HeMa olllTlJe rpaHHue H3Meljy nOHMeHH'IeH.a npH.D:eBa H 06H'IHOr H30CTaBJhaILa HMeHHue. BpJIO je Mano npH.D:eBa KOjH HMajy CaMO HMeHH'IK)' yno-rpe6y: TaKBH cy BOjHH PYCH3MH UO CU/lHU (y cpnCKOM HeMOTHBHCaHO) H CJIOJKeHHua 2Ila8HOKoMaHiJyjyfiu, TaKBO je .n:aHac yrJIaBHOM H 6Jlux1bU (Ma.n:a PMC no.n: 1 .n:aje npHMepe 3a npH.D:eB cK)' yno-rpe6y). HHje MHoro HH pe'lH Kao 1llT0 je ouiUyxeHu, r.n:e je npH.D:eB cK)' yno-rpe6y JIaKO Pa3JIHKOBaTH o.n: HMeHH'IKe, 6y.n:ynH .n:aje oiiiUyxeHu Kao HMeHuua CTaJIaH TepMHH y npaBHOM pe'lHHKy, .n:a ce yno-rpe6JbaBa y KOpeJIa UUjH CnpaBoM UMeHUUOM iUY:7lCWlal4 (wYXUWe.tb) H.n:a ce npaKTU'IHO HHKa .n:a He 3aMeH.yje HeKOM CHHTarMOM Kao "onTYJKeHH 'IOBeK" UJIU "onTYJKeHH rpaljaHHH". 3HaTHO je Burne OHHX npHMepa y KojHMa je a-rpH6yrHBHa yno -rpe6a je.D:HaKO y06H'IajeHa, aKO He U 06H'IHuja Hero CaMOCTaJIHa. rOBOpHH je31U< npenyH je emmca Kao "CTaHYjeM y JOBaHoBoj", ,,06paTH ce pa3pO,ll; HOM", "HMaM 'lac IjlH3H'1KOr", ,,30BY Bac Ha XHpYPIllKO" H CJIU'IHMX. O'lHTO He 6H HMano CMHCJIa CBe TaKBe perm npomaCHTH 3a HMeHHue, HerO je y nH TalLy je.n:Ha onrnm CHHTaKTH'IKa oc06HHa npH.D:eBa -.n:a ce HMeHHua Y3 H.HX MOJKe H30CTaBHTH, Ta'IHMje no.n:pa3YMeBaTH, YKOJIHKO Till KOHTeKCT H cHTya lUfja .n:onyIllTIljy. (Hcry OC06HHY, YOCTalIOM, HMajy H CBH ip6jeBH, Kao 1llT0 nOKa3yjy npHMepu "MeHH .n:aj .n:se", "Y'leHHUH -rpelier 6e", "KaKO 6e3 JIHIjlTa .n:a ce nonHeM Ha nern" HT.n:.) 2.6. 110HMeHH'lelhe JIH'lHOr marOJICKOr 06JIUKa HHje HHMano y06H'Ia jeHa nojaBa, anu Hana3HMO 6ap je.n:aH npHMep -upKBeHH (upKBeHOCJIOBeH CKU) TepMuH 8jepyjy. Ha CJIH'IaH Ha'IHH HMeHUTJK)' yno-rpe6y MOry cTenH H CUHTarMe unH nonycnOJKeHHue THna pelUla-K03aJla, u08Yl4u-iiOiUezHu H .n:pyre. Y cpe.n: HeKoMnaTH6HJIHOCTH H3Meljy rnarOJICKe H HMeHU'IKe npOMe He, CBH OBH U3pa3H cy HenpOMeHJbHBH H .n:06Hjajy cpe.n:H.H po.n:, Kao HajMa a.e 06eneJKeH 'IJIaH on03uUHje po.n:a.201 201 3a nOI!MeHI!'!elLe JIH'!Hor rJIarOJlCKOr 06J1I!Ka ,LIOCTa npHMepa HMa Meljy HHTepHa (= Bjepyjy), eeilio, oe<jJuljuiIi, UMupUMailiyp H ,LIpyrH. HapaBHO, TY je J{O nOI!MeHII'Ielba AOWJIO TeK KaA cy pe'!l! H3 JIaTIIHCKOr Kao MpTBor je3HKa npeWJIe y Apyre jC3HKe, y Kojl!Ma BHwe HeMajy rJlaroJlcKY BpeAHoCT. ~oHanHHM JIaTIIHH3MHMa Kao WTO cy Kpeoo
\
383
3.1.)].a 6UCMO MomH Ta'IHHje .n:a npoueHHMO 6poj pe'IU Koje npena3e y KaTeropujy npH.n:eBa, -rpe6alIo 6H Hajnpe paCnpaBHTH HeKa .n:oca.n: 3aHeMa peHa nHTaH.a 0 CTaTYCY napTHUHna. Harne rpaMaTUKe no npaBlfJIy yno-rpe 6JbaBajy TepMuHe paiJHu iipuiJe8 H iUpiiHU iipuiJe8, alIU ux no.n: npH.D:eBUMa He nOMHH.y. 0 H.HMa ce rOBopH y nOmaBJbY 0 rnaronHMa, r.n:e ce He .n:eIjlH HUIllY, Hero ce caMO onHcyjy Ha'lHHU H.HXOBOr 06pa30BaH.a. Mopa ce 3a KJbY'lHTH.n:a cy 1'3B. marOJICKH npH.D:eBU 3anpaBO naprHQUnH,.n:a npHna.n:ajy rnarOJIHMa, .n:a o.n: npH.D:eBa HMajy oc06uHy npOMeHJLUBOCTH no po.n:y H KOHKOp.n:aHUHje ca cy6jeKTOM, anH He H npH.D:eBCKe ljlytlKUHje y pe'IeHHUH. Y npOTHBHOM, 0 "nonpH.n:eBJbelhY" He 6H HMano CMHCJIa rOBOpHTH. EapHn et al. 1997, y o.n:eJbKy "l1pe06pa36a" (crp. 301), caCBHM KpaT KO onHcyjy nOnpH.D:eBJbelLe, .n:ajyliH no je.n:aH npHMep 3a nonpH.D:eBJbeHH pa.n:HH npH.n:eB ("He BH.D:H ce Kylia o.n: paC148aJlUX KpOlllaFba"), -rpnHH npH .n:eB ("Pa.n:o KynyjeMo YBe3eHY TKaHuHY") H marOnCKH npHJIOr ca.n:arnH.H ("Y HalllHM -rproBuHaMa HMa Pa3JIH'IHTHX oC8jexo8ojyfiux nHna"). OHH HanoMHILY .n:a ce "npujeJIa3 rJIaroncKHx 06JIHKa y npHJtieBe oCTBapyje ... .n:06HBalLeM po.n:a202 H .n:eKJIHHaUHje, a y HeKHM CJIY'lajeBHMa H KOMnapaUH je" (3a OBO .n:pyro .n:ajy npHMep f1pOMYKao, iipOMylUlUju, HajupoMylUlujU). MorJIH 6HCMO .n:o.n:aTH .n:a je HeCyMlhHB 3HaK a,zyeKTHBH3aUHje H nOCTojalhe - HCTHHa Man06pojHHX - TBopeHHua CnpeIjlHKCHMa, Kao y HeyMpJlU, Hey cueD (-UO), HeiJupHYiU, iipewiipoUl/lu, UOJlyo6paljeH H en. 3.2. ETHMon03H, a H CHMOOH 1969, 06jarnlhaBajy .n:a je TepMHH parti ctpium (Kao H aHanOrHO rp'IKO meloche', PYCKO npu'lacmue) H3a6paH ynpa BO 3aTO .n:a nOKaJKe.n:a naprnUHn no CBOjHM oc06HHaMa "yqecTByje" y .n:se BpCTe pe.m - rnarony H npH.n:eBY. To je ynPaBO pa3JIor 360r Kora je TelllKO o.n:roBOpHTU .n:a JIH H Y KOjOj MepH napTHuun "nocraje npH.D:eB" UJIH je Beli 6HO npH.n:eB. ITpH TOM ce .n:sa napTHQHna - naCUBHH H aKTHBHH - He nOHa Illajy je.n:HaKO. CBaKH -rpnHH npH.D:eB, 6ap y Ha'Ieny, MO)Ke ce ynOlpe6HTH a-rpH6yrHBHO H CBaKH HMa npOMeuy no na.n:eJKHMa. C Te C1paHe "KOHBep3H je" H HeMa, HJIH je Ben, ytlanpe.n: 06e36eljeHa. 3.2.1. PaMH npH.n:eB, HanpOTHB, npeTeJKHO CJI~ Kao marOJICKH 06 nHK - 3a 06pa30Balhe npOIllJIHX BpeMeHa, IjlYTYpa .n:pyror HJIH KOH.n:HUHO Hana. MoryliHoCT a-rpH6yrHBHe ynOlpe6e, c npOMeHOM no na.n:eJKUMa, no CTOjH H OB.n:e: "JIe'lHIIH cy @6oJlelle n.Y.ll.e" (B. CTaH0j'lHn-l1onoBun U
202 PeQH "po,LIa H , KOjHX HHje 6HJ1o y npBoM 1!3,L131LY OBe rpaMaTHKe, ,LIOAaTe cy Ha KHaAHO. ,l(O,LIaT3K je OnpaBAaH caMO YKOJIHKO ce OAHOCH Ha rJIaroJlCKH npHJlOr, jep paAHH H TpnHH npHAeB. HapaBHO, p33JIl!K)'jy POA H Kl\A cy y maroJlcKoj ynOTpeOl!.
384
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1999:134), a TaKO HCTO H upoUllla He,AeJba, oopaCila ,AeBojKa, ocillapO)etlU tIHKa, Upe3petlO Bone, UOOOMaKllU caTH, o2py60}etlU ,AnaHOBH, ycillajaJ/e BO ,Ae, Ha6yjaJ/a peKa, yxea/10 YJbe, UPOKUCIlO MneKO, 3a20pO)etlO jeno, 3aplja IlU HO)1(, Y2UHYila KpaBa HT,A. I10HeKH npH,AeBH Kao 3aopU2ao, uo06yo, Y'lM.a0203 3HaTHO cy 06HtIHHjH Hero maronH O,A KOjHX cy nOCTaJIH. BHllIe je, HrlaK, rnarona O,A KOjHX a'I])H6YTHBHa ynoTpe6a HHje Moryna. He nocToje 06nHUH Kao *OBO lle2ll0 ,AeTe (Ma,Aa HMaMO OBO UOlle2ll0 )1(HTO), *rne,Aaj 00 lWle JbY,Ae (yn. rJle,Aaj HaOOUllle BO,Ae), 360r *upop(uj)eoUllux n03HBa (yn. 360r yttecillaJ/ux n03HBa), *OKllU3HYIlU tIOBeK (yn. uaJ/u 60pau), caBeT *UO xypUllwu nYTHHUHMa (yn. caBeT 3aKaCHetlWU nyTHHUHMa), O,ACKOpa *uoja 6U11U 06HtIajH (yn. O,AaBHO uwtte3llU 06HtIajH), TPa)f(HM *cKpeHYIlY OBUY (yn. TPa)f(HM 3aJ/yillaJ/y HJlH 3a61lyoetly OBUY) H TaKO ,AaJbe. I-l3me,Aa,Aa npH,AeB CKe ynoTPe6e yonwre HeMa KO,A marona CTPaHor nopeKJIa, WTO 6H YKa3H Bano ,Aa oBaj 06pa3au ynoTPe6e BHllIe HHje np0,AYKTHBaH. ,na je aTPH6yTHB Ha ynoTPe6a MHoro npHpO,AHHja 3a TPnHH Hero 3a pa,AHH npH,AeB, BH,AHMO no MeCTHMHtIHOM nocTojaH>Y TpnHHX npH,AeBa O,A rnarOJla KOjH HHCY npe Jla3HH. HeKH O,A TaKBHX 06mnH 6poj marona, no,ll; YCJlOBHMa KOjH ce He ,Aajy yHanpe,A ,AetPHHHcaTH.
3.3. I1pH,lI;eBH Ha -liu, Kao y lleilleJiu illal-bup H cn., 'JeCTO ce y JlHTepa TypH HaBO,Ae Kao npHMepH KOHBep3Hje (rnarOJlCKOr npHnom Ca,AallIH>er y npH,AeB). CTaHojtIHn-nOnoBHn 1999 (HaB. M.) HCTO Ka)f(y H 3a rJlarOnCKH npHJlOr npOllInH, C npHMepoM 6U6WU (ripe,ll;Ce,AHHK). . 203 PMC tlaje rJlaroJlcKY OtlpetlHHl(Y C3 TpH pasHa 06J1HK3 ilH(jlilHHTilB3 (yf1:MQiUu, Yf1:MQCiUu H Yf1:MQIIYiUu), TpH 06nHKa npe3CHTa (yf1:MaM. Yf1:MeM, Yf1:MQlleM). tlBa 3Ha'lCH>a. aJJH je CBe TO HJlYCTpOBaHO jetlHHM je.!\HHHM l(HTaTOM H3 rpalje (" ... WTeTa tla ce TaKaB naTURal( BpaTH H yf1:MQ Hertle Y EOCHH", MBO AMPHIi). npHtleB yf1:MQO, -ana, -atlO liMa noce6HY 0.11 peJtHilUY.
KOHBep3Hja
TBop6a pe'lll Y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM jC:3HKY
385
MH CMO Y TPeneM ,Aen.y no,A 3.26 H3Hemi MHHoBHneBY TBP,Alf>y ,Aa npHJl:eBH Ha -liu HilCY HaCTaJIH peKaTeropH3a[(HjoM npHJlora, Hero caMO CTaJIHO (Ma,Aa CBaKaKO y3 OCJlaB>aH>e Ha 06nHK npHJlora, IlITO 3HmH ,Aa TBO peHH[(e HHCY H3HOBa rpaljeHe, Hero je HHa'Je HenpOMeHJbHBH npl"\nOIlIKH CytPHKC no'Jeo ,Aa ce TPeTHpa Kao npOMeHJbHBH npHJl:eBCKH). Y npH1!or Ta KBOM TYMa'JeH>Y rOBopH H CHryaUHja y PYCKOM, r,Ae ce (6ap ,AaHac) rnaron CKH npH,AeBH Ha -rquu jacHo Pa3JlHKYjy O,A rnaronCKHX npWIOra Ha -11. illTO ce THlle npHJl:eBa Ha -6WU, y ill 3.10 CMO BHJl:enH,Aa HX HMa npaIcrH'JHo ca MO 'JeTHPH, a OHH no nopeKJIY HHCY npHJI03H, HJIH ce 6ap ,AaHaC He ynoTPe 6JbaBajy y npHJIowKoj tPyHKUHjH. Ma,Aa He TBp,AHMO ,Aaje MHHoBHn y npa By H He 0,A6auyjeMo a npHopH HaCTaHaK OBHX ,ABejy BpCTa npHJl:eBa KOHBep 3HjOM rJlarOnCKHX npHnora, H3 npaKTH'JHHx H MeTO,AOJlOIllKHX pa3nora 60 Jbe je TPeTHpaTH -liu H -6WU Kao cytPHKce.
4. l1PEJIA3AK Y l1PMJIOrE 4.1. BpCTa pe'JH y KOjOj HaJIalHMO HajMacoBHHjy, CHCTeMaTCKY npH MeHY KOHBep3Hje jecy npHJl03H. npHJl03H ce Q6.paJ¥.jy GJ{ HpI~eBI!; Y G&liM e~M je3H QIfMfl, Ma,Aa je y MHOrHMa y TY CBpXy 06H'JHHja ynOTPe6a cytPHKca (eHrJl. -Iy, POMaHCKO -mente, -ment H CJl.). no lia6Hny 1991:522, "nonpHJIO)!(aBajy ce OHHCHH npH.zYeBH H O,AHO CHH Ha -CKU, a OCTaJIH caMO H3HHMHO". npeMa y06H'JajeHoj nO,Aeml npHJIo ra no 3HalJeH>Y, TO 6H 6HJlH YnIaBHOM npHJl03H 3a Ha'JHH (Hnp. xuillpo,jy Ha~KU), a y MaB>Oj Mepn OHH 3a BpeMe (upeilixoi)HO), 3a MeCTO (i)aJ/eKO) H KOJlHIJHHY (MH020). OBH nOCJle,AB>H MOry KaTKa,A no 3Ha'JeB>Y O,ACTYnaTH O,A npHJl:eBa, Kao y ManO HacnpaM ManU HJIH 6uwe HacnpaM 6UWU. npHn03H HMajy 06JlHK cpe,AH>er pO,Aa npHJl:eBa (y3 O.APe~eHe aK[(e HaTCKe npOMeHe), a O,A npHJl:eBa Ha -cKii 06J1HK M)'IIIKor pO,Aa ca cKpane H>eM 3aBpwHor BOKaJIa. 3a npHnore O,A KOMnapaTHBa lia6Hn Ka)f(e ,Aa MOry HMaTH KpaTKo HJlH ,Ayro KpajH>e e (60./be/60./be, IlQKWe/llaKWe H cn.), IlITO nOTBp~yje PMC. To BepOBaTHO BUH H 3a npaBHJlHe KOMnapaTHBe (Ha -uje), 3a cynepJlaTHBe, na H 3a ,Apyre npHJlOre Ha _e204 , Mana HX lia6Hli He nOMHB>e. HeH3BeCHo je KaKO TPe6a na rJlace npHJI03H HacnpaM npH,AeBa Ha -liu. naBellIHI'i. 1971, non O,Ape,AHHUOM -lie2, HHje ,AonyllITaO 06JlHKe Kao ,,.I\ien.y je YMHpyjylie", ,,.I\ienyje oxpa6pyjylie", Hero je - CMaTPajyliH,Aa cy TH 06 JlH[(H HOHaKO no nopeKJIY npHJI03H - nponHCHBao ojetlyje YMupyjyliu, i)je 204
PMC, Ha nplIMep. tlaje dU6A>e
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386
TBop6a pe'l1l YCaBpeMeHOM CpncKoMje3HKY
Jlyje oxpa6pyjy/iu. HnaK, 6ap y cnyqajeBHMa Ka)la npHnor MO)ll1qJMKyje npHJl:eB, peKJIO 6H ce )la cy 06HlJHHjH 06JllfIUf Ha -e, Hnp. 3aciiipaUlyjylie 6U COK, U3HeHaljyjylie iJo6ap iipujeM H CJI.
KOHBep3Hja
387
'YMeCTO', iJy:JIC ("H BH )lpyrn JlY)K ):brHaBa"). TOMe Tpe6a )lO)laTIf HMeHHne y IfHCTpYMeHTany Kao iiyiiieM205 , iiocpeocw6oM, iloMony, iiPUIIUKOM, iiio KOM, ii060iJOM, CBe ynOTpe6JbHBe Kao npe)J.JI03H CreHHTHBOM, 1llT0 B8)KIf H \3a iiO'-leWKOM, cpeiJuHoM, iiOIl06UHOM, KpajeM. Je)lHOCJIO)KHe HMeHHne npH TOM ry6e aK~eHT If nOCTajy npOKJIHTIfKe, aJIH je HeH3BeCHO )la JIH TO B8)K1f If 3a BHllleCJIO)KHe: PMC, Ha npHMep, )laje y O)lpe)J.HHIUf iiOMOliy 6el aKueHTa, aJIH ii060iJOM If ii060iJOM aKUeHTOBaHO.
4.2. Kao nOnpHJIO)KeHe HMeHH~e Ea6HIi HaBO)lH uciiiUHa (y 3Ha'le ILY ,)lo)lyme', Kao y npHMepy H3 PMC "OH, HCTIfHa, BHlJe H Ha OCTaJIY 'IeJba)l no KynH, anH ... "), y3 )laHaC npeTe)KHO 3aCTapeJIe cUlla y 3Ha'leILY 'MHoro', '-IyiJo y HCTOM 3HalJelLY, Mp6U'-IaK 'BeoMa MaJIO'. lielllli.e ce 5.2. ,n:BojaKY ynoTpe6y Kao npHJI031f If npe)lJI03H HMajy 61lU3Y, a)lBep6HjanH3Yjy HMeHH~e y HHcTpYMeHTaJIY, Kao CUllOM, cpenOM, iiip iip(uj)e, iiocll(uj)e, KOMnapaTIfBIf 6UUle ('H3Ha)J.') If HU:JICe CHCnO)l'), iipeKo KOM, 6enUHOM, iJ(Uj)e.rzOM, zpeUlKOM, UlailawOM, pOiJOM, iiop(uj)eK/lOM, (c H3pa3HTIfM r,naceBHHM p83JIHKaMa: iipeKolilpUjeKo Kao npHJIOr, HeHarJIa 30POM H CJIH'IHe. OBaKBe CJIYlJajeBe BpJIO je TelllKO pa3rpaHH'IHTH KaKO llleHO iipeKfJ [eK. H HjeK.] Kao npe)J.JIor) If Haj3a)J. 6aH, Koje je npHllor CaMO y O)l npaBe HMeHH'IKe ynoTpe6e (6Y)lyIiH )laje HHCTpYMeHTaJI H HHa'ie na xpBaTcKoM, )lOK ce Kao .pe)J.JIor HOPMaJIHO ynoTpe6JbaBa y Cp6HjH. )le)K ca "npHJIOIllKHM" 3Ha'ieILHMa Ha'lHHa, BpeMeHa HT)l.) TaKO H O)l OHHX Y KojHMa CMO, 360r ceMaHTHlJKOr nOMepafba, -OM CXBaTHJIH KaO CY
I
.I
5.3. CII{ HenpaBH npe)J.JI03H HJlY C reHHTIfBOM. IhHXOB CTaTYC npH JIH'IHO je Heo)lpe~eH, jep HeMa jacHe rpaHHne H3Me~y npe)J.JIolllKe ynoTpe6e 4.3. EapHIi et a1. 1997:301 y6pajajy Me~y KOHBep3Hje If npHMep Ha H 06HlJHe HMeHH~e O)lHOCHO npHJlora C reHHTIfBHOM )lOnYHoM. To ce BH)J.H no ILHXOBOM Heje)lHaKOM TpeTM8JfY Y PMC. TaKO cy 6pX, iJHO, '-Iet/o, Kpaj, CMpW ("EOJIeCTaH je HacMpT") O)l CHHTarMe Ha CMpiii, a CTaHojlJHn-IIono MO)eciiio, iJy:JIC )106HJIH noce6He 0.llPe)lHH~e Kao npe)J.JI03H; iiyiii TaKolje BHfl 1999: 134 HaU3Z1leiJ O)l Ha U3Z1leiJ. Y Ha'leny TaKBa KJIacH
388
TBop6a PC'll! YcaspeMeHoM cpnCKOM je3I!KY
TypMpaay 6y,nYllMX peqHHKa, nope,n qMCTO JIeKCHKOrpacPCKMX, rrpHMeHe M rpaMamQKH M TBOp6eHM KpHTePMjH, KaKO 6M ce nOCTHrJIa Bena ,nOCJIe,nHOCT y o6pa,nM peqM H3 MCTHX MJIM CpO,nHHX KareropHja.
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JlliTEPATYPA Y OBOM cnHCK)' HHCY HaBoijeHH pa.nOBH KOjH ce O)J;HOce MCKJhyqHBO Ha cnaraae UJIM rrpecPHKcalUfjy, a KOjH cy,naTH y rrpBOM ,neny KH>Hre. Ory ,na 03HaKe Kao CTeBaHOBHn 1952~ (pa.n CTeBaHoBHfl 1952 2 HaBe,neHje y np BOj KaH3H). AHHIi 1959: BJla.QHMHp AHHIi, 0 Upuoje6UMa 00 uciUoz KopjeHa U/IU OCH06e, Je3HK, VU, IIl-ll5 AHHIi 1998: BJla.QHMHp AHHIi, Pje'lHuK xp6aiUcKoz je3UKa, rpelie npoIlIHpeHo H3.Qaa,e, 3arpe6 AH'IHn 1966: MapHja AH'IHn-06pa;xoBHIi, CeMaHiUu'IKa U MOp,poAOIUKa ciUpYKiUypa UMeHUlfa Koje 3Ha'le Ilulfa U36eOeHux uOMoliy cyrfJuKca -ap, Pa.QoBH <J)HJl030!j>cKor !j>aKyJITeTa y CapajeBY, IV, 201-228 AH'IHn 1968: MapHja AH'IHh-06pa.nOBHfl, H36eoene UMenulfe, Pa.nOBH <J)HJI030$cKor $aKYJITeTa YCapajeBY, V, 241-254 AH'IHh 1913: MapHja AH'IHIi-06pa,llOBHfl, Teopuja iU60p6e puje'lu U 1f>eHa Up06AeMa iUuKa, Pa,llOBH <J)HJI03o!j>cKor $aKYJITeTa YCapajeay. VII. 11-52 AH'IHh 1915 1: MapHjs AH'lHh-06pa.nOBHfl, llOlloxaj U36eoeHux UMeHUlfa ca 3Ha'le1f>eM IlUlfa MyruKOZ pooa Y cuciUeMY U36eoeHulfa ca 3Ha'le1f>eM upeoMeiUa, Pa.llOBH AHYbHX, LV, 145-184 AH'IHfl 19152: MapHjs AH'lHIi-06pa.nOBHO. Cy,puKct1.llHa iU6op6a UMeHUlfa uOMoliy HYA iUecy,puKcalfuje,MHlKeBHHje3HK. IV, 6p.I-2, 1-18 AH'IHfl 1915): MapHja AH'IHh-06pa.nOBHh, HeKU acQelCiUu palU'IIla1f>U6a1f>a puje'lu, MHlKeBHHje3HK, IV, 6p. 3-4, 1-15 AH'IHIi 1916: MapHja AH'IHO-06pa.nOBHh, lluiUa1f>a palU'IIla1f>U6a1f>apuje'lu c uoce6HUM ciUpylCiUypHllM KapalCiUepuciUuKaMa, KH.HlKeBHHje3HK, V, 6p. 1-2,21-33 Ba6Hfl 1991: CIjenaH Ba6Hh, T6op6a puje'lu y xp6aiUcKoM I<1f>UXe6HOM je3UK)l, .Qpyro H3.Qaa,e, 3arpe6 Ba6HIi-ByjaHHfl 1961: MHJlHua Ba6Hfl-ByjaHHfl, Nomina agentis U36eoeHa cy,pUKCOM -JlO, Hamje3HK XVI, H.C., 84-92 BSPHh et al. 1991: E. BapHIi, M. JIoH'IapHh, MaJlHfl, C. naBewHo, M. nenl, B. 3e'le BHh, M. 3HHKa, Xp8aiUcKa ZpaMaiUUKa, II. npoMHjea,eHo H3.Qsa,e, 3arpe6 BenHo 1922: AJieKCSH.Qap BenHn, ,l(60julfa, neKOAUlfuHa UC/lU'IHa o6paJo6a1f>a, J)?KHO CJlOOeHCKH $HJIoJlOr, III, 19-81 BeJlHfl 1933 1: AJieKCSH.Qap BenHh, 0 ciU8apa1f>Y n06UX pe'lU, Haw je3HK, I, 72-16
.n.
390
TBop6a pe'!H y CaBpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY
JIHTeparypa
2
fienHli 1933 ; AneKcaHJ\ap fienHli, 0 zpaljeHJy 2JlaZOACKUX UMeHUlJa Ha -!be U-he, Hawje 3HK, I, 262-268 EeJIHli 1936: AJIeKCalU\ap EeJIHIl, 0 zpaljelby H06UX pe'lu, Haw je3HK, IV, 129-131, 161-165,193-197,225-232,256-264 EeJIH1l1949: AJIeKcaH,nap E-rJlHIl, Ca6peAleHU CpiicKoxp6aiUcKu Klbu:JICe6Huje3uK. !Wyzu oeo: HaYKa 0 zpaljelby pe'lu. Y: Jf3a6paHa OeJIa AAeKcaHopa EeJluna, '!eTPHae CTH TOM (npHp. )KHBOjHH CTaHoj'!Hli), Eeorpa,n 2000 EeJIHIl 1950: BH,nH IIpe,nHli 1950 EowKoBHIl 1933: Pa,nocaB EOWKOBHli, fl06000M 'lAaHKa z. A. flaYH06a, Haw je3HK, I, 275-278 [0 HMeHHl.\aMa ca CyCPHKCOM -uzuiUe] EOWKOBHli 1936: Pa,nocaB EOWKOBHli, PG36uiUaK cyfjJuKca y jY:JICHoCA06eHcKoj je3u'IKoj 3ajeOHUI/U, Eeorpa,n EowKoBHIl 1950: Pa,nocaB EOWKOBHIi, 0 iipuoe6UMa iUuiia opaliH, Haw je3HK I, H.C., 116-131
.
; i
EOWKOBHIi 1976: Pa,nocaB EOWKOBHIi, JeoaH iiOA06U'IHO 06jazulbeH CyfjJUKC CpiiCKOXP 6aiUcKU, Ham je3HK XXII, H.C., 15-17 EYTaPCKH 1997: PaHKo EYTapCKH, Je3UK y KOHiUeKciUy, Eeorpa,n EYTapcKH 20012: PaHKo EyrapcKH, JIul/a je3UKa, Eeorpa,n EYTapcKH 2002: PaHKo EYTapCKH, H06a AUI/a je3UKa, Eeorpa,n BajaH 1974: Andre Vaillant, Grammaire comparee des langues slaves, tome IV, La for mation des noms, Paris Bp0l.\JIaBCKa 1997: Elibieta Wroclawska, T60p6a UMeHUl/a ciUpaHoz iiopeKAa Kao ca ciUa6HU U UciU06peMeHO iioce6Hu oeo iU60p6e UMeHUl/a y CpiicKoMje3uKY, Ha Y'!HH caCTaHaK CJIaBHCTa y BYKoBe ,naHe, 26/2, 287-290 ByjaKJIHja 1991: MHJIaH ByjaKJIHja, JIeKcuKoH ciUpaHux pe'lu U U3pG3a, '!eTBpTo ,nO ny !beHO Hpe,nHrOBaHO H3,na!be, Eeorpa,zi. ByjOBHli 1997: ,L{ymaHKa ByjOBHli, KOHKypeHl/uja cyfjJuKca -HKaI-HI.\a, 360PHHK MaTHl.\e cpncKe 3a cpHJIOJlOrHjy HJlHHrBHCTHKY, 40/2,41-47 BYXOBHIi 1950: JOBaH BYKOBHli, rAazoAcKe UMeHul/e Ha -!be U -lie, IIHTa!ba caBpeMeHor K!bHlKeBHor je3HKa, 1949, CB. 1,40-53 H 1950, CB. 2,149-171 repHep 1963: Franz Gomer, Die Bi/dung der Ethnika von Ortsnamen im serbokroa tischen Sprachraum, Berlin 1 rOpTaH 1955 : BeJI.KO rOpTaH, 0 iioxp6aneHUM iipuoje6UMaAaiUuHCKoZ U ZP'lKOZ iioOpu jeiUAa y MeOUI/UHcKoj iUepMuHoAozuju, Je3HK, III, 72-73 2 rOpTaH 1955 : BeJI.KO rOpTaH, 0 iU60p6u iipuOje6a 00 UMeHul/a Ha -Hja, Je3HK, III, 110-113 ropTaH-IIpeMK 1986: ,n:apHHKa rOpTaH-IIpeMK, 0 ceMaHiUu'IKOM OOHOCY oepu6aiUa iipeMa iU60p6eHoj OCH06U, HayqHH caCTaHaK CJIaBHCTa y BYKoBe ,naHe, 16, 101-107 ropTaH-IIpeMK 1995: ,n:apHHKa rOpTaH-IIpeMK, 0 CiUpYKiUypu U ceMaHiUul/u oepu6aiUa, Hamje3HK, XXX, H.C., 76-81 rpHI.\KaT 1955: MpeHa rpHI.\KaT, j(eMUHyiUu6HU 2JlaZOAU y CpiicKoxp6aiUcKoMje3uKY, Jy lKHOCJlOBeHCKH cpHJIoJIor, XXI, 45-96 rpHI.\KaT 1981: MpeHa rpHI.\KaT, 0 UMeHul/aMa iUuiia H a A e iU y CpiiCKoxp6aiUcKoMje 3UK)', 360PHHK MaTHl.\e cpnCKe 3a cpHJIOJlOrHjy HJIHHrBHcTHKY, 24/1,101-134
391
rpHI.\KaT 1988: MpeHa rpHI.\KaT, 3Ha'lelba afjJuKCQAHe 2JlaZOACKe OeMUHYl/uje, y 360PHH Ky flp6U AUHZ6UciUU'IKU cKyii y CiiOMeH Ha Paooca6a EozuK06una, THTorpa,n, 131-139 rpHI.\KaT 1990: MpeHa rpHI.\KaT, OiiUCHU U OOHOCHU iipuoe6u, Hawje3HK, XXVIII, H.C., 214-223 rpHI.\KaT 1994: MpeHa rpHI.\KaT, 0 HeKUM oc06eHociUUMa OeMUHYl/uje, JYlKHOCJIOBeH CKH cpH!lOJIOr, LI, 1-30 rpKOBHIi 1977: MHJIHl.\a rpKOBHIi, Pe'lHUK AU'IHUX UMeHa KOO Cp6a, Eeorpa.n ,n:a6HIi 1977: Eor,naH ,n:a6HIi, T60p6eHu HaciUa6aK -aj y CA06eHcKUMje3UI/UMa, K!bHlKeB HH je3HK, VI, 6p. 3, 31-41 ,n:a6HIi 2000 1: Eor,naH ,n:a6HIi, EeJleZUKe 0 KaiUezopuju jeouHu'IHOCiUu y CpiiCKOMje3uKy, Hamje3HK, XXXIII, H.C., 198-203 ,n:a6HIi 20012: Eor,naH ,n:a6HIi, KOHKypeHiUHociU HaciUa6aKa 3a iU60p6y 2JlaZOACKe UMe HUI/e y CA06eHCKUM je3uI/UMa, JYlKHOCJIOBeHCKH cpHJIOJIOr, LVI, 321-328 1'>op~HIi 1936: II. 1'>op~HIi, Jf3 uciUopuje Hazuezje3UKa. JfMeHUl/e iUuiia 60:JICaHCiU60, Hawje3HK, IV, 169-172 )KHBKOBHIi 1940: CpeTeH )KHBKOBHIi, Pe'lu Ha ,,06uHa" U IbUX06a 3Ha'lelba, Hawje3HK, VII, 8-12 )KHrHIi 1985: TaTjaHa )KHrHIi, Jf3 iip06AeMaiUuKe UMeHUl/a CMeCHUM 3Ha'lelbeM. fluiUa puja, Hawje3HK, XXVI, 253-256 MBHIi M. 1995: MHJlKa MBHIi, 0 iipuoe6cKUM 06pQ306a1bUMa iUuiia iiYH iiYHl/aiU, y K!bH3H HCTe aYTopKe 03eJ1eHOM KOlby, Eeorpa.n, 319-331 MBHIi II. et al. 1989: l1aBJIe MBHIi [HjOW 10 ayropa], flPUA03U flpa60iiucy, HOBH Ca.n MBHIi 11. et a1. 1991: IIaBJIe MBHIi, MBaH KnajH, MHTap l1eWHKaa, EpaHHCJIaB Ep60PHIi, Je3U'IKU iipUpy'lHUK, Eeorpa,n JepeMHli 1960: ,n:paroJI.y6 JepeMHIi, Kp6a6uiUu, Kp6a6lbelbe, Kp6apuiUu, Kp6apelbe, Haw je3HK, X, H.C., 279-283 JepHej 1959: JOCHn JepHej, rAaZOAU Ha -HpaTHyXVII. uXVlII. ciUoJbeny, cJ>HJlOJIOrnja, 2,31-40 JypHWHli 1963: EJlalK JypHWHIi, 0 iipooyKiUu6HUM fjJopMa{H]iUUMa y iU60p6u nomina agentis, y: 360PHUK y 'IaciU CiUjeiiaHa Jf6zuuna, 3arpe6, 183-190 KHpwoBa 1970 1: MapHjaHa KHpwoBa, T60p6a CpiicKoxp6aiUcKux HG3U6a iiOCA06 HO-CMezuiUajHux 06jeKaiUa ca CyfjJUKCOM -HHI.\a, KH,HlKeBHoCT Hje3HK, XVII, 6p. 1,40-54 KHpwoBa 19702: MapHjaaa KHPWOBa, T60p6a HQ3U6a iiOCll06Ho-CMezuiUajHux 06jeKa iUa, K!bHlKeBHOCT Hje3HK, XVII, 6p. 2, 208-221 KHpmoBa 1988: MapHjaHa KHpwoBa, AYZMeHiUaiUu6U ca cyfjJuKcUMa -HHa, -eTHHa, -ypHHa y BYK060M pe'lHuK)', Haw je3HK, XXVIII, H.C., 42-54 KJIajH 1992: MBaH KJIajH, Pe'lHUK H06UX pe'lU, HOBH Ca.n KJIajH 1998 1: MBaH KJIajH,rpaMaiUu'IKU uAeKcuKozpafjJcKu ciUaiUyc 2Jla20ACKUX UMeHU I/a 00 HeC6pzueHUX 2JlaZOAa, HaY'!HH caCTaaaK CJlaBHCTa y BYKoBe ,naae, 27/2, 149-157 KJIajH 1998 2: MBaH KnajH, BpciUe pOMaHU3aMa y Ca6peMeHOM CpiicKoxp6aiUcKoMje3UKy U iiyiUe6u IbUX060Z oOAacKa, 360PHHK MaTHl.\e cpncKe 3a cpHJIOJIOrHjy HJIHHrBH CTHKY,41/1,69-89
KOJlMaH 1934: OroKap KOJIMaH, Jozu HezuiUo 0 pe'lUMa Ha -HWTe, Hawje3HK 11,13-19
392
TBOp6a pe'lH YcaBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je31lKY
lIHrepaT)'pa
393
KOCTHn 1953 1: AJIeKCaHJJ:ap n. KOCTHli, 0 iii.paHCKpu606albY Jlaiii.uHcKux UMeHuqa y Me HHKOJIHli M. 1986: MHpOCJlaB HHKOJlHli, 0 06J1UI/UMa BHAHJIau/BlI.ItieJIau, Halll je3HK,
XXVII, H.C., 114-117
OUI/UHcKOj iii.epMUHOJlOzuju, Halllje3HK, IV, H.C., 229-237
1 ,KocTHn 1953 2: AJIeKcaHAap n. KOCTHli, 0 zpaljelby U iii.paHcKpu606albY upuoeea oiJ Jla HHKOJlHli M. 1998 : MHpOCJIaS HHKOJlHIi, Cp6u UCp6ujallqu, Ie3HK .o;aHac, 6p. 5, 13-15
iii.UHCKUX UMeHuqa, Halll je3HK IV, H.C., 308-315
HHKOJlHn M. 1998 2 : MHpOCJIaB HHKOJIHIi, /4JfbaHcKU{je6cKU) qpllu XYMOP, Je3HK .o;aHac,
6p. 6, 12-13
KpalJap 1953: MHpOCJIaB KpaBap, 0 UMeHUI4ClMa Y'leHoza uoopujeiii.JIa Ha -HK UJlU -H'lap,
, Je3HK, II, 102-107
HHKOJIHIi M. 1999: MHpOCJlaB HHKOJlHn, 0 pe'lUMa u36eoeHUM 00 UMeHa OOH. UPeJUMe
Ha u03Haiii.UXJlU'IHOciIi.u, Hawje3HK, XXXIII, H.C., 24-35
KpHCTaJI 1988: ,ll;ejBIlA KpHcTM,EHquKAoueoujcKU pe'lHUK MOOepHeJlUHZeuciii.uKe, npe
BeJIH 11. KJIajH HE. Xne6eu, EeorpaA
HHKOJIHIi M. 2000: MHpoClIaB HHKOJIHI'i, 06paiii.Hu pe'lHUK cpucKozajeJuKa, Eeorpa.o;
JIecKHH 1914: A. Leskien, Grammatik der serbokroatischen Sprache, Heidelberg [npe
HH'lOTa 1957: CTeBaH H. HH'IOTa, 006paHa Ca6pe.MeHOZ CpflcKoxpeaiii.cKoz Kfbuxe6110Z
IllTaMIIaHO H3AalLe: 1976]
jeJuKa. I1pBH .o;eo, EeorpllJl
MapeTHIi 1963: T. MapeTHli, rpaMaiii.uKa xp6aiii.cKoza UJlU CpucKoza Klbuxe6HozjeJU HH'IOTa 1958: CreBaH H. HH'IOTa, Oo6paHa Caepe.MeHOZ CpucKoxpeaiii.cKoz K:1bU:;HCe6HOZ
Ka. Tpelie, HenpoMHjelLeHo H3AalLe. 3a WTaMny npHpeAHJIH MaTe XpaCTe HI1a je3uKa. ,iJ;pyrH Aeo, Eeorpa.o;
BJIe POrHli, 3arpe6 OKYKa 1981: MilJIOIll OKYKa, llpuojeeu iii.eopeHu 00 upeJUMeHa Ha -CKH y ciii.alliJapolloM
MapKoB 1957: E. MapKoB, 0 Huciii.a6qUMa -aHa, -JIHja, -JIYK U -1.lHja, Halll je3HK VIII,
CpflcKoxpeaiii.CKoMjeJUKy, Ka.HJKeBHH je3HK [6e3 03HaKe ro.o;HWTa], 1981, 6p. 1,
H.C., 151-170
7-12
MapKoB 1960: E. MapKoB, HMeHUl/e C Haciii.a6l/UMa -'Ie U -'lHli, Halll je3HK X, H.C.,
OPC]: BHAH HHKOJIHn M. 2000
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I1aBewHn 1971: JeJU'IKU caejeiIi.lluK CzpClMaiii.uKoM, ype.o;Ho CJIaBKO naBeWHn, 3arpe6
MapKoBHIi 1952: CB. MapKOBHli, 0 UMeHuqaMa Ha -HCT(a) U CJI., Haw je3HK III, H.C.,
I1aBJloBHIi 1940: MHJIHBOj TIaMoBHli, KOHCiii.PYKiii.OP - oeuUJlaiii.op. -lllupelbe UIICPU 12-27
Huiii.uea lUuua -HpaTH, Hawje3HK, VII, 81-82
MapKoBHIi 1960: CB. MapKoBHIi, 3auolWbeH, 3aUOlWb€lbe UJlU 3auoClleH, 3aUOCII€lbe?,
IlaBJIoBHli 1953 1: MHJIHBOj IlaBJIoBHli, 3Ha'lelbe flpuoe6a ClIacw.aeKOM -acw. U Ibezoeux
Halllje3HK, X, H.C., 18-23
6apujallaiii.a, Ham je3HK IV, H.C., 9-24, 99-114, 175-195 [HaCJIOB y .o;pyroM H
MaTHjaweBHli 1970: JeJIKa MaTHjallleBHn, HeKu pycKU iii.eop6eHu iii.UU06U U fbUX06U
TpeneM HaCTaBKY HcnpaBJbeH y: ... u fbezoeUM eapujaHiii.ClMa]
CpUcKoxp6aiii.cKu eKeUea.tleHiii.u, JKHBH je3HUH, XII-XIII, 15-23
IlaBJIoBHIi 1953 2 : MHJIHBOj IlaBJIoBHli, Aflciii.pald11l1e UMelluqe ClIacw.a6KoM -OCT, Haw
MeAHIi 1931: Mojo Me.o;HIi,)(aJlu" 6p6acKu" UJlU" ep6awKu"?, JYJKHOCJIOBeHClO!
je3HK, IV, H.C., 296-307
JIor X, 182-184
neuo 1956: ACHM TIeuo, 06J1ul/u KOJIeld11ueHux UMeHUl/a lIa -a.ll., HawjelHK VII, H.C.,
MeHau 1954: AlrrHua MeHau, 0 'Iyeulby UJlU ucuaoufbY tlpuoje6cKoz cycpuKca -H- upu
234-246
iii.eop6u VlaZOJla, Je3HK, III, 22-23
TIeuo 1996: ACHM I1euo, HMeHUl/e Ha -ypa y HaWe.M jeJUK)I, Haw je3HK XXXI, H.C.,
MHJlaHOBHIi 1964: EpaHHCJIaB MHJIaHOBHIi, )(eojaKu o6J1ul/u VlazoJla lIa -HBaTH/-aBaTH,
146-162
Halll je3HK V, H.C., 235-249
IlelllHKaH 1958: MHTap TIemHKaH, Ozpaljefby UMeHa ciIi.aHOBHuKayoollocy lIa UMella 3e MHJlaHoBHIi 1961: EpaHHCJIaB MHJIaHOBHIi, 0 uoceCU6HUM upuoe6UMa Ha
MllIba U Meciii.u, Haw je3HK IX, H.C., 196-205
-OBJbeBl-eBJbeB, Hamje3HK, XI, H.C., 81-89
TIonoBHIi Jh. 1983: Jhy60MHp IlonoBHIi,)(epueaquolla KOHzpyeHl/uja y pooy KOO oopeiJ MHJlojeBHli 2000: lelisaveta Milojevic, Word and Words ofEnglish, EeorpaA
6eHux UMellUl/a, Hay'IHH caCTanaK CJlaBHCTa y BYKoBe .ll.aHe, 13, 55-71
MHHOBHli 1978: MHJIHBoje MHHOBHIi, 0 aojeKiii.ueUMa (u a06ep6UMa) y 06J1UKY VlazoJl TIonoBHIi M. 1997: MapKo TIonoBHn, CycpuKCaJlHa iii.60p6a UMeHUl/a KOiJ OCHoea cppall CKOZ upUJIoza caoawlbez y Caepe.MeHOM CpucKoxpeaiii.cKoM Uxpeaiii.cKocpuCKOM
I/YCKOZ uopeKAa, Hay'lHH caCTaHaK CJlaBHCTa y BYKoBe .o;aHe, 26/2, 329-337
KlbuxeeHOM jeJuKy, KILHJKeBHH je3HK VII, 6p. 3, 49-78
TIpaB. 1960: IIpaeofluc cptlcKoxpeaiii.cKoza KfbU:;HCeeHozjeJuKa, H3paAHJIa TIpaBoIIHcHa
MOCKOBJbeBHli 1933: MHJIOW MOCKOBJbeBHli, rJlazoJlu Ha -eTH, -HM U-IlTH, -HM, Halllje KOMHCHja, HOBH ClIJI.-3arpe6
3HK, 1,18-21
TIpaB. 1993: llpaeofluc CpucKozajeJuKa, npHpe.ll.HJIH MHTap TIewHKaH, JOBBH JepKoBHIi,
HHKOJlHli E. 1957: EepHClIaB HHKOJIHli, 3auoClleH, 3auoCllefbe, Halll je3HK VIII, H.C.,
Mara TIHJKypHua, HOBH ClIJl
259-262
Ilpe.ll.HIi 1950: C. TI.,,, CUHiii.aKCU'lKU", Hamje3HK I, H.C., 243-244 [CJIe.o;H KpaTaK ,,0.0;
HHKOJlHIi E. 1972: EepHCJIaB HHKOJlHli, OCHoeHu UpUHqUUU iii.eop6e pe'lu y caepe.MeHOM
rOBop" AJIeKcaH.o;pa EeJlHl'ia]
CpUcKoxp6aiii.cKoM Kfbuxe6HOM jeJUKY, Haw je3HK XIX, H.C., 7-20, 142-154,
I1pe.o;Hli 1953: CB. Ilpe):IHn, 0 zpa~efby UiiipaHCKpu60eafbY HeKUX pe'lU Jlaiii.uHcKoz iio 273-286
peKAa, Halllje3HK, V, H.C., 27-34
HHKOJIHIi M. 1974: MHpOCJIaB HHKOJlHn, llo6oooM oeojaKoz o6J1uKajeoHe U3eeoeHuqe,
IlpliHli 1997: TBpTKO IlphHl'i, Ce.MaHiii.uKa U upazMaiii.uKa pe'lu, HOBH CM
KILHJKeBHOCT Hje3HK, XXI, 6p. 1, 121-124
IlyraHeu 1963: BMeHTHH TIyraHeq,)(ea lIawa cycpuKca iii.YPCKOZ uopujeKAa: -MHjal-aj
HHKOJlHIi M. 1977: MHpOCJlaB HHKOJlHIi, 0 u3eeOeHUI/ClMa iii.uua YCHcHBa'l, Halllje3HK,
JlHja, -aJmjal-aHja, y: 360PHUKY '1aciii. Ciii.jei1alla Hewufia, 3arpe6, 295-301
XXIII, H.C., 30-36
394 Pa,nHIi
TBOp6a pe'lll Y CatlpeMeHOM CpnCKOM je3I1KY
1987: IIpsocJJas PaJxuli, Teop6ellO-CeMalliiiutlKe U3BeOeIlUl/e ca cyrpUKCOM -'Ie Ha
oe.l/y 6at1KOHU3upoHuxjY:JICHoCA06eHcKux e060po, AH8JlH cl>HlI01l0WKOf !jlaKYlI
nITa, XVIII, 227-236
Pa,!lHIi 1990: TIpBocnaB Pa,!IHll, 0 CiUUI!)CKu'M 6peouociUUMO XU6PUOHUX U36eoeHull0 y
CPUCKOXP60iUcKOM KIOU:JICe6UOM pUl()', 300PHIIK MaTlIlI,e cpncKe 3a !jlHlI01l0fH
jy HlIHHfBHCTHKY, 33, 399-405
Pa,!lHIi 1997: TIpBOClIaB Pa.nHIi, 0 oepUeOl/UOHOM ocueKiUypeQIlUqKOe 60eonelO0, Je3HK
,!IaHac,op.l,22-24
Pa.llHIi 1998: TIpBOClIaB Pa.nHIi, CyrpUKC -'1Hja/-UHja y CPUCKOJlf KIOU:JICe6HoMje3uKY, Haw
je3HK, XXXII, H.C., 179-191 .
Pa.llHIi 2001: TIpBOClIaB Pa,!IHIi, TYPCKU cyrpUKCU Y CpucKoMje3Ul()', Eeorpa.n
Pa.ny1l0BHll 1957: JOBaH Pa.nY1l0BHI'I, AyZAfeHwoiUueHo-uejopowu6HO 3HOQelO0 HeKUX
UMeHUI/O, Hamje3HK, VIII, H.C., 106-113
PaMellMajep 1975: Matthias Rammelmeyer, Die deutschen Lehniibersetzungen im Ser
bokroatischen. Beitriige zur Lexikologie und Wortbildung, Wiesbaden
PHCTHIi 0. 1966: OJIfa [PHCTHll-] ~HjHIi, YuoiUpe60 cyrpuKca -je y je3UKY HeKUX cpu
CKUX U xp60iUcKUX POMOHiUu'lopcl(UX uecHuKa, Haw je3HK, XV, H.C., 288-294
PHCTHll 0.1970: OJU'a [PHCTHIi-] ~HjHIi, OOHOC GCHOee U HociU060KO -OBaTH, -HcaTH,
-HpaTH ZAoeOIlO ciUPOHOZ uopeK/lo, Haw je3HK, XVIII, H.C., 131-161
PHCTHll C. 1982: CTaHa PHCTHIi,MoprpeMO -Te}!'- ycoepeMeHOM cpucKoxpeoiUcKoMje3U
l()', Hawje3HK, XXV, H.C., 189-230
PHCTHll C. 1983: CTaHa PHCTHIi, MoprpeMO -Te}!'- y KOM6uHolluju co opyeUM CyrpUKCHUM
MoprpeMOMa, Haw je3HK, XXVI, H.C., 6-24
PHCTHh C. 1996: CTaHa PHCTHIi, EKcupecueHo U CiUWlCKO yilowpe60 36uPHUX UMeHUI/O
co cyrpUKCOM -Ifja, Haw je3HK, XXXI, H.C., 85-95
PMC: Pe'l.HUK CpilCKOXP60iUcKoeo KIOU:JICeeHozje3UKO, I-VI, MaTHlI,a cpnCKa, HOBH CaA
1967-1976
PCAHY: Pe'l.HUK CpucKoxpeowcKoe KIOU:JICeeHOe U HopooHoeje3UKO, CAHY (no XV TO
Ma), Eeorpa.n 1959 CeKYlIHIi 1950: RCH,llopa CeKYJIHIi, ifMeHUI/e Koje ce cepUlil60jy HO -JJO, Haw je3HK, I,
H.C., 178-179
CHMeOH 1969: PHKap'!{ CHMeoH, EHI/UK/loileoujcKu pje'lHUK IIUHZeUCWU'll(UX HaJuea, I-II,
3arpe6
CKOK 1951: TIeTap CKOK, 0 ilpuojeBcKUM U36eOeHUI/OMO, TIHTaIl>ll caBpeMeHof KIbHlKeB
HOf je3HKa, III, CB. 1, 12-27
CKOK 1954 1: TIeTap CKOK, TBop6a UMeHO CiUOH06HUKO 00 UMeHO HOCe.rbO U06110CWU, Je 3HK, II, 65-68
CKOK 19542 : TIeTap CKOK, llpuoje6cKe U3BeoeHuI/e 00 zeozporpcKUX HaJueo, Je3HK, III,
33-37
CKOK 1955: TIeTap CKOK, 0 CyrpUKCUMO -HcaTH, -HpaTH U -OBaTH, Je3HK, IV, 36-43
CKOK 1971 (HJIH caMO CKOK): TIeTaP CKOK, EiUUMolloeujcKU pje'lHUK xpBoiiicKoeo WlU
cpilcKoeo je3UKO. TIpHpe,!lHO 3a THcaK BalleHTHH TIYTaHeu., I-IV, 3arpeo
1971-1974
CTaKHIi 1987: MHJIaH CTaKHh, llpaCAoBeHcKu oeMuHyiUueHu CyrpUKC -'!.K'b YjY:JICHOCIIO
eeHcKUMje3UI/UMO, AH8JlH cl>HJIOJJOWKOr !jlaKYllTeTa, XVIII, 219-225
1 CTaKHIi 1988 : MHJIaH CTaI<1J.Ii,,llepUeOl/UOHO rpoHeiiluKo UMeHUI/O U ilpuoeBo y jY:JICHO CfloeeHcKUMje3UI/UMO, Eeorpa.n
Jlirrepatyp3
395
2
CTaKHIi 1988 : MHJIaH CT3KHIi, ,llepUBOl/uOHO wepMUHOllozujo y CpilcKoxpeoiUcKOM je
3Ul()' (ocHoeHu ilojMoeu), HaY'IHH caCT3HaK ClIaBHCTa y BYKoBe.llaHe, 18/1, 83-87
CTaKHIi 1998: MHllaH CT3mli, BpciUepeQU UciUPYKiUypo oepU60l/UOHe OCHOBe UMeHullo U ilpuoeeo y CpilCKOMje3UKY, H3yqHH caCTaHaK Cll3BHCTa Y BYKoBe ,!IaHe, 2712,
273-278 .
CTaHoj'tHIi-TIonoBHIi 1999: :>KitBOjHH CTaHOj'tHIi, JI,y60MlIp IIonoBHIi, rpOMOWUKO cpilCKozje3uKo.UlecTo,npepaqeHoH3nalbe,beorpa.!{ 1 CTeBaHoBHIi 1950 : MHXaHJIo CreBaHoBHIi, ,lleojcweo 0611UKO ilocecueHux ilpuoeeo U
3OMeHUI/0 HO -OB U -HH, Ham je3HK, I, H.C., 24-38
2
CTeBaHoBHIi 1950 : MHXaHJIO CTeBaHoBHIi,llocwOHOK U3HaQelOe UMeHuI/o HO -llO, Ham
je3HK, I, H.C., 180-190
1
CTesaHoBHIi 1952 : MHXaHllo CTeBaHOBHIi,,lleMUHYWU8U C HociiloeKOM -Hii (u -'lHIi),
Haw je3HK, III, H.C., 6-11
CTeBaHoBHIi 1963: MHxaHllo CTeBaHoBHIi. llpuoeeu CHociUoel/UMo -HB U -}!,HB, Haw je 3HK, XIII, H.C., 197-207
1
CTeBaHoBHIi 1964 : MHXaHJIO CreBaHoBHIi, COBpeMeHU CpilCKOXP80WCKU je3UK, I TOM, Eeorpa,n 2
CTeBaHoBHll 1964 : MHXaHJIO CTeBaHoBHIi,llpoOYKiilu8HOCiU HeKUX HOciU080KO KOjUMO
ce zpooe nomino ogentis, Hamje3HK XIV, H.C., 1-19
CTeBoBHIi 1950: R. CTeBoBHIi, OMCKU WlU OM08CKU?, Haw je3HK, II, H.C., 58-64
CTeBoBHIi 1951: R. CTeBoBHll,ll06000M ilpeiilxooHoe 'IIIOHKO [KoMeHTap Ha HanHC B. JOBaHoBHlia "OMCKH HllH oMoBcm"], Hawje3HK, II, H.C., 294-299
TelKaK 1976: CTjenKo TelKaK, 0 yilowpe6UZAozOIICKUX UMeHUI/O, Je3HK, XXIII, 129-139
Tep3HIi A. 1969: AneKCaH.!{ap Tep3HIi, CwpyKiilypIIO-aeMOHWu'IKe.oollu/Ce ZAazOIlCl(UX
UMeHul/o iUeop6eHoe WUUO -HHe, -eHHe, y PYCKOM U -Ibe, -lie y CPUCKOXPBOWCKOM
je3Ul()', AH8JlH cl>HlIOJlOWKOf !jlaKYlITeTa, IX, 27-93
Tep3HIi b. 1999: bOf'!{aH Tep3HIi,PyCKO-cpilclCeje3UQKe ilapa/leJIe, beorpa.!{
n.
THP 1997: MHxaJJ THp,rIlOZOllcKe UMeHuI/e U iilpilHU ilpuoe6u /Coo Uoce6He oopeOHulle,
Hay'tHH caCTaHaK ClIaBHCTa y BYKoBe ,!{aHe, 26/2, 427-431
nopHIi 1979: EOlKO nopHIi, Teop60 HaJueo 30 :JICeHCKO 6ulia y jY:JICHOCA08eHcICUM je3U
IIUMo, KIbHlKesHHje3HK, VIII, 6p. 3, 31-41
nopHIi 1981: EOlKO nopHIi, ifMeHU'lKU CyrpUKCU C uHullujatlHUM 't, KIbHlKeBHH je3HK, X,
6p.4, 15-18
nopHIi 1982: bOlKO nopHIi, MOl/uOHU cyrpUKCU y cpfiCKOXPBOiUcKOM je3ul()', beorpa.!{ nopHIi 1984: bOlKO nopHIi, EiilHUK, KiileiUuK U HOPMO (U0600OM 0611UKO K030pQOHUH U
. K030PO'lKU). Hamje3HK, XXVI, H.C., 152-159
nopHIi 1988: bOlKO nopHIi, 0 iilepMUHollomju y HOUloj weop6upeQU, HayqHH caCTaHaK ClIaBHCTa y BYKOBe ,!{aHe, 18/1,75-82 nopHIi 1991: EOlKO nopHli, 0 HeKUM weop6eHUM MOOe.l/UMO co CiilOH06UUliUa je3U'lKe
eKolloMuje, HayqHH caCTaHaK ClIaBHCTa y BYKoBe ./laHe, 20/2, 325-333
nopHIi 1995: bOlKO nopHli, CWWluciUu'IKU ocileKiUu oepU80l/uje, Ha)"IHH CaCTaHaK cJla
BIfCTa YBYKose ,!{aHe, 23/2, 103-108
nopHIi 1997: bOlKO nopHIi, Bopujol/uje y iUYMa'lelOY U38eOeHux pe'lu y jeoHoje3U'lHUM
pe'lHUI/UMO CPUCKOZO je3UKO, Hay'tHH CaCTaHaK CJJaBHCTa y BYKoBe ,!{aHe, 26/2,
343-351
396
TBop6a pe'!H y CaBpeMeHOM CPIlCKOM je3HKY
nopHll 2000: 00)1(0 nopllll, Cy<jJUKC -Hcr(a) y CPUCKOM CilJOHoopoHOM je3uKy, Ham je 3HK, XXXlll, H.C., 211-235 nynHll-
PErMCTAP CYMKCA
1. MMEHJfIIKI.f -a 1.1 -as 1.0 -a8a 1.2 -a8(a)11 1.24.8 -aBlllfa 1.65.10 -aBlll1a 1.72.12 -iiBKa 1.81.9 -iiBRIlK 1.93.11 -ar 1.3 -ara 1.4 -arHja 1.0 -3Jl 1.5 -a.n.a 2.1 -a.n.(a)K 1.9.11 -3Jl63 1.0 -3JlHja' 1.54.4 -3Jllljal 1.0 -ilKa 2.2 -33(a)H 1.0 -aHK 2.0.4 -aj' 1.6
-all.7 -aj' 2.3 -aja 1.8 -aje 1.0 -ajHl1a 1.72.14 -ajKa 1.81.13 -ajKo 1.0 -ajllHja 1.88.5 -CalK 1.9 -iI< 1.10 -aKa 1.0 -!iJJ(a)11 2.4 -aJIllja' 1.88.4 -aJIHja' 2.5 -aJIHl1a 1.89.2
-aJIO 1.90.3 -(a)Jb 1.11 -an. 1.12 -Me 1.0 -an.Ka 1.81.15 -aHl-iiH 1.13 -aHa' 1.14 -aHa' 1.15 -liH(a)11 1.24.11 -lIHA 2.6 -lIHAep 1.0 -aHHja 1.54.5 -aHiiK 1.58.2 -aHHHl-jaHHH 1.61.3 -aHHI13 1.72.15 -luuca 1.81.11 -liHCTIIO 1.115.11 -aRT 2.7 -aHlle 1.135.2 -BHI1Hja 2.44.3 -aH'Ie 1.0 -alba 1.17 -(a)o 1.18 -aOllH.l.\a 1.94.2 -lip 1.19 -apa 1.20 -ap(a)K 1.9.16 -ap(a)11 1.24.18 -apHja 1.54.6 -liPHj(yM) 2.8 -apHHa 1.65.8 -apHl1a 1.72.13 -lipKa 1.81.17 -lipHiiIc 1.93.14 -lipHiiu;a 1.94.7 -lipow 1.112.1
-liT 2.9 -a-rep 2.14.6 -aTH3(a)M 2.21.5 -aTHKa 2.27.1 -lirop 2.42.1 -arypa 2.43.1 -ali 1.21 -alia (-aIiu) 1.22 -axHja 1.23 -(a)11 1.24 -an 1.25 -3nHja 2.44.1 -a'!' 1.26 -a'!' 1.27 -a'la 1.28 -a,!Ka/-li,!Ka 1.81.18 -aJ,lHja 1.140.4 -aw 1.29 -awOH 1.30 -awKa 1.0 -8wHHl1a 1.94.12 -awl1e 1.135.4 -6a 1.31 -6eRiiK 1.58.4 -6oHa 1.65. 7 -Ba 1.32 -SHl1a 1.0 -m'Pa 1.0 1.34 1.35 -eBJb3HHH 1.0 -elK 1.36 Me:, 2.10
398
-6a 2.11 -ej(a)1.\ 1.24.17 -eKaa.a 1.37 -en(a)1.\ 1.86.5 -enHH 1.38 \, -enHl.\a 1.89.3 -en. 1.39 -en.a 1.40 -en.(a)K 1.9.12 -eH 1.41 -eH(a)L\I'-eH(a)1.\ 1.24.13 -e~a
1.42
-eH.Iq)a 1.0 -eHiiK 1.58.3 -eHHl.\a 1.72.16 -eRT 2.13 -eHl.\e 1.135.3 -eHL\Hja 2.44 -ell>IK 1.10.8 -ell>a'ia 1.28.6 -ep 2.14 -epaj 2.3.1 -ep(a)K 1.9.17 -ep(a)1.\ 1.24.19 -epAa 1.43 -epHHa 1.66.6
-eca 2.15 -ccHja 1.44 -«HHa 1.66.9 -«Kapa 1.45 -eCT 1.46 -iiT' 1.47 -tT' 2.17 _eTa' 1.48 -eTa' 2.18 -iT(a)K 1.9.7 -eTHKa 2.27.1 -eTHH 1.0 -emHa' 1.49 -emHa' 1.50 -eTO 1.0 -eYT 2.19 -e'i(a)K 1.9.20 -eURja 1.140.5 -elll 1.51 -ellia 1.52 -elllHHa 1.66.1 0 ..eWL\e 1.135.5 -HBa'i 1.26.4 -HBO 1.53
-iiA 2.20
-H,ll,6a IJI.l -H3(a)M 2.21 -Hja' 1.54 -Hja' 2.22 -Hja.na 2.1.2 -HjiiH 1.55 -HjaHa' 2.23 -HjaMa' 2.24 -Hjaa(a)1.\ 1.24.12 -HjiT 2.9.2 -Hj;iwtja 2.44.2 -Hje' 1.56 _Hje, 1.57 -Hjep 2.14.5 -Hjepa 2.25 -iiK' 1.58 -iiK' 2.26 -HKa' 1.59 -HKa' 2.27 -HKoB(a)1.\ 1.24.1 0 -un(a)1.\ 1.86.4 -iinHje 2.0.4 -HnHl.\a 1.89.4 -uno 1.90.4 -HJha 1.92.2 -Hn.Ka 1.81.16 -HM 1.60 -HH' 1.61 -HH' 1.64 -HH' 2.28 -HHa' 1.65 -HHa' 1.66 -HHa' 2.29 -HH(a)I.\'/-iiH(a)1.\ 1.24.14 -HH(a)I:\' 2.30 -HHr 2.31 -HHHl.\a 1.72.17 -iiHKa 1.81.12 -Huo 2.32 -HuCT80 1.115.12 -HH'ie 1.137.5 -Hu,a 1.67 -HIl>IK 1.1 0.9 -liu.(a)1.\ 1.24.16 -iiu.el-Hu,e 1.61 -HoHiip/-HoHep 2.33 -HOHaw 2.34 -HoHH3(a)M 2.21.6 -HoHHCT(a) 2.36.4 -HOHHl.\a 1.94.10 -iip' 1.69 -iip' 2.35
-HCT(a) 2.36 -HCTHKa 2.27.3 -iiT 2.37 -HT(a}K 1.9.8 -Hm: 2.38 -HTHC 2.39 -iiTop 2.42.3 -HhI-iili 1.70 -lili(a)K 1.9.22 -HI.\ 1.71 -Illta 1.72 -H'iiip 2.26.1 -H'iHli 1.70.7 -H'iHa 1.74 -Hm/-iim 1.75 -Hma 1.76 -HmiiH 1.13.2 -HlIIKa 1.8l.l9 -HlIIHHK 1.0 -HnITe 1.77 -ja 1.1.6 -jlK 1.10 -je 1.78 -(j)eml.\a 1.0 -(j)exa 1.0 -jo 1.79 -(j)yx 1.0 -Ka 1.81 -KaM 1.13.1 -Ken.a 1.0 -KH 1.82 -KHlI>a 1.67.3 -KO 1.83 -KoB(a)1.\ 1.0 -KOCT U) -na 1.84 -nllMa 1.85 -n(a)1.\ 1.86 -ne 1.87 -neTa 2.0.4 -nHja 1.88 -nHl.\a 1.89 -nHlIITe 1.77.6
-no 1.90 -nyK 1.91 -n.ir 1.3.1 -n.aj 1.6.1 -n.aHHH 1.63.2
399
PcmCTap cy$HKca
TBop6a pe'iH y casPCMCHOM cpnCKOM jC3HKY
-MO 1.0 -HHK 1.93 -HHHa 1.65.6 -HHl.\a 1.94 -HO 1.95 -HOCT 1.105.4 -lI>a 1.96 -lI>aBa 1.2.1 -II>IK 1.10.7 -u,a'ia 1.28.5 -u,e 1.97
-ocHja 1.0 -OCT 1.105 -OT' 1.0, 1.106 -OT' 2.0.4 _on' 1.107 -on' 1.108 -oT(a)K 1.9.9 -OTHHa 1.1 09
1.11 0 -OTHl.\a 1.72.19 -olia LUI -0'1 1.0 -om 1.112 -oma 1.113 -OmTa 1.0 -0THH>a
-0 1.98 -06a l.31.1 -06all>a 1.0 -CT 1.114 -OB' 1.99 -CTBO 1.115 _OB, 1.100 -oB(a)I.II-eB(a)1.\ 1.24.9 -Ta 1.0 -OBa'ial-eBa'ia 1.28.4 -T(a)Jt 1.9.6 -oBiiK 1.58.5 -TDa 1.32.1 -OBunO i.o -Ten. 1.116 -oBHHaI-eBHHa 1.65.9 -TOP 2.42.1 -oBHhI-eBHIi 1.70.8 -Typa'la 1.0 -OBHl.\aI-eBHl.\a 1.72.11 -TypHHa 1.0 -OBHnITe 1.77.7 -oBKa 1.81.10 -lia 1.117 -oBJhel-eon.e 1.78.7 -lie 1.1I8 -OBHHK 1.93.12 -YT 1.119 -OBHHl.\a 1.94.11 -yn 1.120 -OBH.a'ia 1.28.7 -YAHja 1.0 -oBoI-eao l.l01 -OBWTHHaI-eBlllTHHa 1.143.4 -)'lKa 1.131 -Yn. 1.122 -03a 2.40 -yn.a 1.123 -oje 1.102 -yn.ara 1.4.1 -ojKa 1.81.14 -y.rbiix 1.0 -OjKO 1.83.4 -Yn.(a)K 1.9.14 -oniin 1.0 -yn.a'l8 1.28.8 -oneT 2.0.4 -yn.HHa 1.66.12 -onHja 1.54.9 -yn.lllta 1.72.21 -onHHa 1.0 -YH 1.124 -onlllta 1.72.20 -jH(a)L\ 1.24.15 -on.(a)Jt 1.9.13 -ynHQa 1.72.1 8 -OH 2.41 -yH'le 1.137.6 -OHHK 1.93.13 -jp 1.125 . -OHlllta 1.94.8 -ypa' 1.126 -oll>a 1.103 -jpa' 2.43 -OIl>(a)K 1.9.15 -jp(a)Jt 1.9.18 -op 2.42 -jp.l18 1.127 -opHja 1.0 -ypAHja 1.0 -oc 2.45
-ypHja 1.54.7 -YPHHa 1.66.7 -ypnHja 1.54.8 -yc 2.46 -ycHHa 1.0 -ycKapal-ycKepa 1.128
\
-rr 1.129
-,Yr(a)K 1.9.10 -YTHH 1.130 -yxPjx 1.131 -Yl.\a(-jYl.\a) 1.0 -yua 1-0 -ym/-jm 1.132 -yma 1.133 -ym(a)K 1.0 -ymap 1.0 -YlII(a)1.\ 1.24.20 -ymuHa 1.66.11 -ymHh 1.0 -ymHIta 1.72.22 -ymKa 1.81.20 -ymHHl.\a 1.0 -ylllTHHa 1.143.5 -Ita
1.134
-L\e 1.135 -lUIja 2.44 -'1a 1.136 -'iara 1.0 -'1(a)K 1.9.19 -'I.aMHH 1.63.3 -'I.e 1.137 -'tHja' 1.138 -'iHja' 1.140.6 -'I.HHa 1.66.4 -'iHli 1.70.6 -'l:HQa
1.72.23
-'lyra 1.120.1 -'1ypa 1.126 -'l)'pHHa 1.66.8 -va 1.139 -uuja 1.140
-UHK 1.141 -rua 1.142 -urriiK 1.10.10
-nITHHa 1.143
-e (HymH, M. P0.l18) 1.144 -e (HymH, lK. po.l18) 1.145
400
-aB 3.1 -liB(a)H 3.4.16 -alK,lLHS 3.14.13 -li3(a)H 3.4.19 -~iHS
3.14.15
-(a)K 3.2
oaK
3.3
-lin(a)H 4.1 -aJla'lKii 3.0 -aJLIIB 3.14.11 -(a)w-HH 3.4 -aR
3.5
-liHcKii 3.25.14
-aHT{a)H 4.2 -lUbH 3.22.3 -lip(a)H 4.3 -aCT 3.6 -aT 3.7 -aTiiB(a)H 4.5.1 -aTH'I(a)H 4.7.2 -aTH'IKii/-aTCKii 4.8.3
-ahii 3.8 -aliHB 3.0 -ax(a)H 3.4.24 -atlKii 3.9
TBop6a PC'lH y CaBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY
Perncrap cycjJKKea
II. TIPI1,I(EBCKH
III. 3AMEHWIKH
-elii! 3.19.2 -eL\{a)KI-eL\Kii 3.0 -e'l{a)K 3.0 -ew(a)H 3.0 -HS 3.14 -iis(a)H 4.5 -Hjlin(a)H 4.1.1 -HjaT 3.7.2 -Hjii 3.19 -HjCK" 3.25.12 -HKaB/-jHKas 3.16 -HKaCT 3.6.6
-HH 3.16 -HHCKiiI-HHCKH 3.25.16 -HH>H 3.22.5 -H03(a)H 4.6.1 -lIoHlin(a}H 4.1.4. -HoHap(a)H 4.3.1 -HCTH'I(a)H 4.7.3 -IICTH'IKH 4.8.4 -lIT
3.17
-am(a)H 3.4.21 -amH>ii 3.22.7
-HTlip(a)1! 4.3.2 -II'laB 3.1.8 -1I'1(a}H' 3.4.26 _1I'1(a)H2 4.7 -H'IaCT 3.6.7 -1I'1KH 4.8 -HWaB 3.0 -Hw(a)H 3.4.22
.-6eHH 3.13.6
iii 3.19
-BeH 3.13.7 -BWH 3.10
-KaB 3.15 -KaCT 3.6.5
-elK.lLHB 3.14.14 -e,ILHB 3.14.12 -eH 3.13 -eHcKH 3.25.15 -eHT(a)H 4.4 -eH>ii 3.22.4 -ecKHH 30 -CT(a)H 3.0
-,lLaB 3.0 -,lLaT 3.0 -,lLeSCKH 3.25.18 -,lLIIS 3.14
-i'l(a)KI-a'l(a)K 3.2.4 -a'l(a)H 3.4.25 -a'lKii 3.25.19
-HaT 3.7.3 -HH 3.5 -HOBaT 3.7.4
-H>aCT 3.6.8 -H>H 3.22 -H>HS 3.0 -H>HKaB 3.1.7
\,
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-ih(a)H 4.6 -OK 3.24 -onaCT 3.6.9 -OH" 3.4.27 -OH>aB 3.0 -CKH 3.25 -CTHeI! 3.13.8
-Ii (liii) 3.26 -MB 3.14.16 -ylin(a)H 4.1.2 -yen(a)H 4.1.3 -yjCKH 3.25.13 -y,ILaB 3.Ll 0 -y,ILaCT 3.6.10 -yH>aB 3.1.9 -yo3(a)H 4.6.2 -yWaB 3.1.11 -yw(a)H 3.4.23 -ywaCT 3.6.11 -ywKaCT 3.6.12 -L\3T 3.27 -L\lIjliT 3.28 -L\HT 3.29 -'1HB 3.14.17 -w(a)H 3.4.20
-(a)KlKH 5.1 -IIL\KH 5.1
-HL\Hii 5.1
-Hw(a)H 5.1
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-IipaTH 7.1 -HcaTH 6.7 -11TH
-Tarn
-jaTII 8.1.1 -KapaTH 6.2.12 -KapHTH 6.8.9 -KaTH 6.2.6 -KeTaTH
-yearn 6.2.17 -YCKaTH 6.2.26 -YTaTH 6.2.23 -YLIaTH 6.2.25 -ywaTH 6.2.31 -jwHTH 6.8.13 -yIllKaTH 6.2.32
6.2.21
-KHBaTH 8.6.1 -KOBaTH 6.11.6 -HyTH
6.2.18
-yaaTi!l-yaaTH 8.7 -yrarn 6.2.27 -YAaTII 6.2.28 -yKaTH 6.2.10 -y,ILHTH 6.8.14 -yPHTH ~.8.1O
6.8, 8.8
-H!)HKOBaTII 7.4 -HcjJHUHpaTH 7.4
6.10. 8.9
-L\aTII" 6.2.24
-ODaTH 6.11 -ocaTH 6.2.16
-'laTH 6.2.29 -'1HTH 6.8.11
-eaTH 6.2.13
-warn 6.2.30
V. IIPHJIOllIKH -a 9.1 -ali 9.2 -a.t\KO 9.6.1 -a'lKe 9.5.1
-Ke 9.5
-aC
9.5.3 -KO 9.6
-y 9.9 -yc 9.2.2 -Ylllke 9.5.2
-Ma 9.7 -II
9.2.1
-KH
9.3
-HMIIL\e 9.4.2 -HL\e 9.4.1
-L\e 9.4
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401
3.30
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403 aIITH6HOTCKH 300 a/lTHBna,IUIH 290 a/lTHKBaPHjaT 227 allTHKBapHHua 165 allTHo6peHoBHDeBCKH 307 aHTHCeMHTH3BM 233 AHToHHje 84 amponollowKH 301 llHTponoueHTPH'IaH 319 AII)'UlKa 139 AH'Ie 204 AH'IHua 114 AH'IH'lHH 289 aopHCTHH 260 anapaTypB 249 anaTH'IaH 318 anenaUHOHH 270 anenOBaTH 351 anJIaY.AKpam 353 anOKanHnTH'IKH 319, 321 anonoreT(a) 231 anOnOreTHKa 240 anOCTOnaT 225 anoTeKap 42, 45 anOTC038 246 anponpHjllllHoHH 271 anCOnBeHT 228 anconyrau 264 ancoJIYTH3aM 233 anCOnyrH3ooaTH 359 anCOJIyTHCT 244 ancop6oBaTH 349 ancopnlUlja 250 anCTHHeHT 228 anCTHHeHlUIja 252 anCTPalITaH 264 apa6ecKB 230 apa6ecKHH 260 apa6H3aM 232 apa6HL\B 117 ApaHljenooau 56 apaIDKep 228 ApanHH 91 ApanKa 106 ApanKHIY 106 Apan'lc 204 ap6aHawKH/ap6aHaCKH 298 ap6HTPaJKa 222 ap6HTPHpam 354 ap6HTPOB 295 apraTHH 91 ApreHTHHIIll 52
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EalbaJlY'IaHIIH/EaH.onY'IaHIUI 93 E3IbClCa 303, 381 6amHCTIt'lKIt 322 6apa6epHja 236 6apalK 222 EapallHH 93 Eap3lba 41 Eap3lbau 52 Eap611lCa 90 6aper.! 374 6apHKa,!I.HpaTH ce 354 6apIITOHCKH 306 6apllua 1I5 Eapll'! l].4 6apjaKTap 43 6apoBIIT 291 6apoKHH 260 6apoHeca 230 6apOHCT 230 6apYT3Ha 39 EapYUHja 207 6apywTHH3211 6apwYHaCT 274 6aCa'lKH 304 6acIICT 244 EaCK 53, 53 ($) EacKllja 304, 304 ($) EacKHjau 53 6acKHjcKH 303, 304 6aCOBCKH 306 6aTHHaTH 326 6aTHHaw 68, 69 6aTHua 115 6aTJlHja 145 6ahywKa 139 (no)GaYJbKe 377 6auaKaTH cc 329 6aualb 40 6aU3lbe 111 6auaTH 361 Gaua'! 62 Ea'lBaHIIH 92, 93 E3'!BaHKa 136, 195 6a'lOaHCKH 304 6a'!Bap 44 Ea'lKa 303 6a'lKH 304 Ea'lK)'Jba 195 6aua 206 6aWTeHCKII 305 6awTIIHHTH 342
405 6awTos311HCaTH 340 6aWTOBallJIYlC 153, 153 6.l1.CHHjC 84 6.l1.(j)cJ{,C 168 6eaMTep'!Hh III 6c6aCT 274 6e6ehll 292 6e611jaHep 236 6(lIj)CI' 172,213,214 6crcIIHcaTH 339 6ernYK 153 6croBHua 120 6croBclCH 306 6eroBCTBo 188 6(j)eryHau 54, 60, 205 6G)CryHHUa 123 6(j)CryH'!C 205 6(Hj)c.ll.HHlC 85 6cApeHH 278, 279 6C.ll.pHHau 60 6(j)clKaH 38 6(j)clKallHja 82 6G)clK3Ibe 172 6(j)ClKehHB 288 6c333ncH 280 6C3a3nCHKO 141 6C3a3nC1b3K 32 6C3aKOlbC 130 6C36(j)c.lI.HOCT 179 6c360lKHHK 86 6C360lKlbaK 32 6c36pHlKjC 130 6C3BC3u.aK 36 6e3B(j}CTpCU 280 6e30nawhc 128. 130 6c3rahHIIK 160 6C3eMJb3W 70 6e3HMeH 261, 313 6C3MOJraW 70 6C3Ha~e 129, 130 6e3063HpU.e 375 6C306paJJlYK 154 6C306pa3HIIK 86 6e306p33HIIU.a 163 6e306paWTIIHa 209, 2 II 6CJpC3CpBHH 266 6e3y6 313 6e3YMJbe 129, 130 6e3YMHHK 86 6cKaBllua 121 6eKCTaTH 333, 334 6eKHYTil 348
406 oeKoBcKH 306 6(j)eKCTBo 172, 189 6(j)eJIaBKa 1}6 6(j)ellaHal( 57 EeJIaHOBHl(a 120., 6(j)eJIaHlle 57, 2G2 6(j)eJIaH'leBHHa 98, 99 6(j)eJI3CaCT 274 6(j)ellacaTH ce 332 6(Hj)ellal( 53 6(j)ellaw 68, 69 EenfHjaHal( 52, 58 6eJIflljcKH 300 6CJIClKHHK 159 6enelKHHl(a 164 6eJIeTH 344 6eJIeWKa 135 EeJIlKaHHH 92 EellH 381 6(j)eJIHJlo 152 6(j)ellHIba 154 6(j)eIlHHa 96 6(Hj)enllTlI 344 6(j)ellll'laCT 275 6(Hj)enKa 134 6(j)eJIKaCT 275 60)ellKlliba 106 6(j)eJIOB 176 6(j)enorapAejall 60 6(j)enojKa 138 6(IIj)ellolba 177 oeJIOpycKlllba 107 6(j)eJIoYIllKa 135 EeJIOllpKBaHall 58 6(j)eJIowa 184 6(j)eJIYf 194 6(j)ellyra 194 6(j)enyCaTH ce 332 6(j)eJIyraK 28 6(j)eJIYlllaCT 276 6(j)eJIYIllKaCT 276 6(j)eJIllaT 312 6(Hj)eJb 213 6(j)eIb 213 6(j)eJbIlK3 89, 90, 213 6eHeJl,HKTHHal{ 241 6eHeT3TII 333 6eHelllHlilljaHa 236 6eH3HH 240 6eH311Hall 51 6eHHraH 265 EeorpaJI,JIllja 146
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60j 214
60jaAHc3TH 342
60jalKJbHB 286, 287
6oja33H 15, 268
60jaK 26
60jaH 38
60jaHa 40
60jru,lHj3 208
60jaUHJIYK 153
60jesaH 267
60jHTH 342, 344
60jHlliTe 126
60jKOTOBaTH 351
6ojosaH 267
60jOBlIHK 161
EioKe3227
EioKeJb 76
EiOKH 140
6oKca'l63
60Kcep 228
60KCHT 245
_ 6oKcoBaTH 351
60JlaH 265
SOJle 145
60JlelKJbHBf6oJbelKJbHB 288
60JleCHHK 85, 156
60uecT 77, 185
60JtecTaH 262
60JleliHB 288
60JleliHBOCT 179
60JlCWJbHB 281, 288
60JleWrnH3 101, 102,210
60JlemhHHa 101
60JleW'IH1I3 101, 102
6oJlelll'lypa 196, 197
103,104 53,58 53
60JlHHll,3 164
60JlHH'I3P 43, 45, 237
60J1HH'IapKa 133
60JIOSalbe 172
60JIOSaTH 350
60JIYUKaTH 335
60Jbel60Jbe 385
60JbCTH 337
60JbeTHua 16
60JbHTaK 28
60JbKa 132
60JbMa 377
60JbWeBH33M 232
60JbWellHK 88
60M63pAep 228
6oM6aw 68
60M60llHjepa 237
60M6oHuHja 207
6oM6olbepa 229, 237
60HanapTHcT 243
Sopa 19
SopalSopo 20
6opaB3K 25
60paaHwTe 126
Sopalba 41
60pau 54
6op6371
60p6eH 279
60p6eH(H) 281
EiOp6HH 290
60PHK 85, 88
60pHKa 89
60pHJlHWTe 128
SOPHHHl\3 122
60PHh 109
60PHli3K 30
EiopjaHa 40
60pOB 296
6opoBHK 88
6opoBHll,3 120
60pOBHHl\3 166
6oposo 176
EiopOS'IaHHH 94
60p'l3203
Sop'le 204
60ca 18
60CaHall, 52
60C3HKa 134
6oc3HcKH 299
60CaH'IHl\3 117, 124
60CHJbe 129
60cjaK 31, 31 ($)
6ocOTHlba 182
60craHUHja 207
EioCTOHal\ 52
60TaHI1Ka 239
6OT311H'I3P 43, 237, 238
Eiolia 193
60lla 200
EiOllal-l(O 200
60l\Karn 323, 328, 328
6010'H 196
60'llll\a 114, 123
60WKO 140
60WKOR 176
60WKOBJbeB 297
60Wlb3K 33, 35
60wlbaKHlba 105
EiowlbaKywa 198
60WTBO 189
60W'IaJlYK 152, 153
6pa6olbaK 29
6pasap 44
6p3BeTHHa 77
6paB'Ie 204
6p3AasHlla 121
6p3AasH'Ias 254, 273 ($)
6pBAaBH'I3CT 273 ($), 274
6PllJl.3l1Ka 136
6paAaT 276
6PBAOlb3 177
6pBAYPHHa 103
6pBAycKapa 197
6pa3roTHH3 182
6P33AaTH 326
6palHJlau 52
EiPalHJlHj3 235
EiPalHJb3HHII 92
6paja 20
6pajall 38
6pajK3H 38
6pajKo 141
6pajKoBHh 112
6pajo 131
6paKouOMcTBO 188
6panc 144
6palla 17
SpaHa 19
6pallHK 160
6paHHJlal\ 143
6P3UHTCJb 191
6p3HH'I 124
6paHH'IeBO 176
fipallKHua 114
6paHl
EipaHKOBHlla 99
EipaHKollHli 112
6palbesHH3 100
6palbeHHK 86
6paoHKaCT 275
6paTaKaTH ce 329
6paTaHHl\a 122
6paTal\ 51
6paTHM 90
6paTHMHTH 90
6paTHHcKH 305
6paTHHCTBo 190
6p3THTH 342
6paTHIi 109, 110
6paTH'IHHa 103
6parn'lHa 124
6paTOSJbeB 297
6P3TOBJbH 292
6paToBwTHlla 211
6paroy6HJIa'lKH 301
6paTCKH 305
6paTCTBeHH 280
6paTCTseHHK 87
6paTCTBo 186, 188
6palia 20
6paYHKaCT 275
6pal\aH 38
6pauaI-uo 200
6pauHKa 89
6pal\HH 289
6pa'lHH 259
6pawaHl\e 201, 202
6p3wHas 253
6pawHap 46
6p3wHaCT 274
6pawHeHHll3 122
6pawlbaa 253, 254
6p6Jb3BKO 141
6p6JbapHja 83
6p6JbHB 285
6p6JbHBall, 53
6p6JbHBKO 141
6p6Jbywa 199
6p6oTaTH 334, 334 ($)
6pBHapa 49
6pBHO 166
6pAawue 202
6pAeJbaK 29
6pAepHHa 103
6PAHUO 152
6pAHila 101 ($)
fiP.AOBHT 291
6PACKH 305
6p~aHHH 93
6pljallcKH 304
Eiperasa 21
6peraCT 274
6perosHT 291
6peryHHl\a 123
6pClKlbellJbellCKH 308
6pelKYJbaK 29
6peJl(YJbaCT 276
6pClKYJbKaCT 274
6pe3HK 85
6pe3HIi 109
6pe30B 296
6pe30BHua 120
6peKHYTH 332
6peKTaTH 332
6peMeHHT 290
6peM3aTH 327
6peCKBHK 85
6pecKos 296
6pecKoBa'la 66
6peCTHK 88
6peCTHli 109
6peCTHliaK 30
6peCTos3'1a 67
6peCTOBHK 85, 88
6p3aK 33, 34
6p3aJ1Hl\a 148
6p3aTH 327
6p3CJb 75
Eip3H 381
6PlHII3 95, 96
6P3Hua 118
6ploropeliH 308 ($), 312
6p30A(j)eJlyjyliH 312
6P30MeTaH 266
6p30nJlCTOCT 178
6PHrBAHP 107,242
6PHraAHCT 242, 243
6pHrew 79
6PHABK 256
6pHJI(aH 259
6PHJl(JbHB 287
6pH3raJ1Hua 147
6pH3raTH 372
6PH3HYTH 372
6pHjalf>e 172
6pHjaliH 277
6pHja'l 63
6pHja'lHHl\8 166
6pHJbaHTaH 315
6pHJbaHTHH 240
6pHJbHpaTH 356
6PHlIYTH 170
6PHca'l63
EiPHTallau 235
6pHTaHHja 235
GpHTBa 72, 73
6pIITBeUHja 208
6pHTSyJbHlla 104
6PHl\aI-l\0 200
6PHl\HH 289
6pHWyliH 310
6pKa 18
6pKajJIHja 146
6PKaT 18, 276
6PKOlba 18, 177
6PK'IHh III
6pJb3TH 330
6pJbc,:aTH 330
6pJbHB 286
6pJbOTHH3 182
6plbewa 79
6p0A3P 45
6pOAHli 108
6pOAHl\a 115
6pOAOBJbe 131
6POAOrp3.J(HJIHWTC 128
6POAOrp3.J(HTCJb 192
6POAOrpBAHTeJbCKH 301
6pOAOrpBAlb3 167
6pOAOJIOM 217
6POAOJIOMal\ 51
6pojau 259
6pojaHHl\a 118
6poja'l 63
6pOjHB 282
6pOjHUal\ 144
6pOjHJlO 150
6pojHTCJb 191
6pojHTH 343
6poj'l3HH 271, 272
6poj'laHHK 87
6POKaTHH 259
6pOMaT 226
6pOMHA 231
6poH3aH 272
6poH3eH 278
6pOHTOcaypyC 253
6poHxanaH 314 ($)
6pOHX(Hj)aJlHH 262
6poHxHjaJIaH 314
6POHXIITHC 246
6pOHXYCHH 262
410
PerHCTap pe'lH
TBop6a PC'IH y caspcMeHoM cpnCKOM jeJHKy
6polieB 296 6pcHaT 277 6pYKa 11 6pYK3TH 327 6pyKJIHHllIKH 299 \, 6pYHAano 150 6pYH.naTH 321 6pycaliH 278 6pyCHTH 343 6pYQolll 184, 184 (q,) 6pYIJ.OlllHja.na 218, 221 Bp'laK 33 6p'laHCKH 303, 305 6P'lHIi 11, III 6p'lKaSHQa 120 6P'lKH 305 BP'lKO 303, 381 6y6anHIJ.a 141 6y6alb 40 6y6eraTH 333 6y6eTHH318 6y6lbaB3 21 6y6lbap 45 6y6lbaTH 326 6y6oTaK 28 6y6pellC3CT 213 6y6pellCHH 259 6y6pellClbaK 33, 35 6y6peW'lHh 110 6y6YJhHQal606YJhHQa 123 6y6YJhH'las 254 6y6ycKap3 197 6yoapa 49 6YSJhaJ< 9, 34 6YBJhH 292 6yan.HB 287 ByrapHja 81 6yrapHja 82 ByrapHH 91 liyrapKa 134 ByrapKHH 289 Byrap'le 204 6yrojaHcKH 300 Ey.na 19 6y.nanaCT 213, 214 6y.nanauJTHHa 210, 211 6y.nanecaTH 332 6y.naneTHHa 78 6y.nan'lHHa 102 liy.nOaHHH 92 6Y.llBaHCKH 322 6y.nH3aM 233
6Y.l1HJlHHK 158 By.uHMJlHja 146 By.uHMJhe 129 Ey.uH~melliTaHaQ 58 6Y,llHCT 243 6y.uHCTH'IKH 321 6y.nHTH 344 Ey.nHllIa 125 By.nHllIHH 94 l)Y.llJhaHHH 92 6y.nHOCT 178 6y.uyIiH 310, 311 6y.uyIiHOCT 180, 181 (y)6y~aTH (ce) 326 IiYJelllTHHa 210 6yjaH 265 6yjHH 91 6yjHQa 119 6YKaBaQ 55 6YKa'l62 6YKBanaH 314 6YKBaH 38 6YKBHK 85, 88 6YKBHIi 109 liyKBHliywa 198 6YKllpaTH 355 6yKJIHja 145 6YKHyrH 372 6YKOB 296 6YKOSHK 88 6YKoBHHa 99 6YKTaTH 372 6YKTHlba 105 6YKypelliKH 298 BYKypeWTaHaQ 58 6YKYPCllITaHCKH 298 IiYKypewliaHHH 92 6YJhaB 254 6YJhelli 19 6YJhOOKaCT 274 6YHa 17, 19 6YHap~Hja 207 6YH,lleBapa 49 6yHHKa 90 6YHHJlO 151 6)'HHTH 343 6YHKepHcaTH 340 6YHoBaH 268 6YHTOBHH 267 6YHTOBHHK 85, 161 6YHQaTH 335 6YHUHja 207
6Ylbl1ll1Te/6YHI!llITe 127 6ypa.u 22 6YPrlIja.lla 220 6yprHjaTH 326 6yprHjalli 69 6ypryH.uaQ 52 6yperl,lHja 206, 207 6ypeHQe 202 6yplKoacKH 300 6yplKyjCKH 300 6YPHliH 108 EypjaTKHlba 107 6ypJleCKa 230 6YPJleCKaH 253 (q,) 6YPJleCKHH 260 6YPMyrHQa 117 6ypMyuHja 206 6yp'le 203 6yceH 16 6ycelbe 129 6yliKano 150, 151 6yliKaTH 329 6yxapa 49 6yxa'l63 6YXCTHH378 6yxlllTa6HpaTH 355 6YQa 18 6YQHKa 89 6YQKO 141 6Y'laTH 336 6yl.la 206 6YlllHJlHQa 148 IiYWOB 295 6ywOTHHa 182 BaBc.neHCKH 299 BaBc.nclbe 175 BaraTH 326 BarHHHTHC 246 BarHepHjaHaQ 59 BarOHeT 230 BaroH'IHIi 111 Ba~cBHHa 99 BalKehH 311 B3lKHOCT 179 aa3aJICTBO 186 BaJ.nyxOnJlOBCTOO 187, 188 BaJ.nywaCT 273 Oa3CJlHH 240 Ba3HeceHCKH 299 BaJHecelbc 175 Bajap 41
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BapHBO 80 BapHjaQHja 251, 251 (q,) BapHJlaQ 143 BapHTH 64 Bapja'la 64, 65 sapKa 135 BapJhHB 285 BapMeliKll 298 Sapfba'la 65 BapOWaHHH 93 BapowaHKa 134 sapowKH 298 BapoWJlHja 145 BapWaBJhaHHII 93 Baca 19 BacHII 109 BacKpcefbe 175 sacKpcHylie 115, 193 Baco 19, 176 BacoBHII 112 BacojeoHIi 1 BaCnHTaHHK 86 sacOJITalbe 174, 174 (q,) BacnHTaTH 174 (!\J) BaTeJUIH 75 OarepnOJlHCT 243 BaTHpaTH 354 B3.TpaJh 38 earpeH 279 BarpHllIre 126 S3rpYlllTHH3 211, 211 BauJapHwre 126 BauJKa 132 B3WJhHB 287 BalllJhHOKO 141 s(j)cBepH'IjH 292 BererapHjaHaQ 59, 186 oererapHjaHCTBO 186 BereraTHBaH 317 BereraQHja 251 Be.napQe 20 I BMPHK 85 Be.npHQa 115 B(j)ellC6anHllITe 128 o(j)ellC6aHKa 131 B(j)ellC6albe 172 B(j)elIC6aOHHl(a 165 B(j)ellC6aTH 326 B(j)clK6a'l 62 B(j)elIC6oBHHK 161 BeJ 214 BeJa 17
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412
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413
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186
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360
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414 BOjBO.ll.CTBO 186, 187 BojBoljaHIIH 14, 93 BojBoljaHcKIl 304 BojBoTKHlba 106 BOjllH 91 sojHcJlaBJhCBCKH 308 BojKaH 38 BOjHIIK 158 sojHII'IHHa 102, 103 sojHII'IKII 299 BOK3JlH3aM 232 BOKII 140 BOJlCTIlHa 77 SOJlIIHa 101, 102 SOJlOBCKII 306 BOJlTaJll'a 222 BOnTeplijaHal\ 59 BOJlyjaK 31 SOJlyjcKII 304, 306 BOJlWe6I1I1K 85 BOJha 19 SOJhaK 256 aocKapa 48 BocKoBapHHa 96 Bobap 44 aobapCTao 186 soliKa 132 BoliKIIl\a 114 aoblbaK 35 BO'IaK 30 aO'l1l1i 110 Bowa 209 aowa/BowO 209 SOWTaH 271, 272 BOlllTaHHII,8 118, 122 SOWTllTIl 342 aparoJl8H 16, 38, 123, 123 (<jJ) aparOJlaHKa 123 aparoJlaCT 274, 275 aparoJlllja 82, 84, 123 sparoJlHlI,a 123 SparOJhBCT 275 apllll<JtB 73 BP3lK1l1i 108 sp3lKHliaK 30 Bp3lKjll 291, 292 BpBllal\ 53 spaHewa 79 apaHHJlOBKa 136 BpaH1l1l 290 BPaHOTa 182
PefHCTap PC'IH
TsopGa pe'lH y C3speMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY BpaJbaHau 13, 58 spalbaHcKIl 13, 304 BpaiJ>e 129 Bpan'le 204 B~\an'le 204 span'llljH 292 BpaTap 45 BpaTaWl\a 202 BpaTHHa 102 spaTHn 108 BpaTII'I 124 BpaTllwa 125 BpaTHIl 262 SpaTHHl\C 163 spaToJloMllja 82 BpaliaTil 361 Bpa'lapa 49, 49 (<jJ) spauGHHB 98 apawKH 298 Bp6aK 33 Bp6aiJ>a 41 apGaCKH 298 spGawKH 298 Bp611K 85, 155 Bp6HlbC 107 BpGHl\a 114 BpGIIl\a 114 ap6JhaK 34 apGJhe 107 BpGOB 296 BpBl\a 200 BpA3JlaMa 142 BpAapBTIl 331 BpeGa'l62 apcaa 72 sp(Hj)eA(j)CTIl 170 BPCAHOBBTH 351 ape)J:Holia 183 apeJlIIHa 96 apeJlo 151 speMeHIlT 290 apeMewaH 268 spelbe 168 SpeteHl\e 202 Bpetll 65. 338 Bpehu 71 (<jJ) spe'laTil 336 apHCaK 25. 214 BpllcKaTIl 329 BPHCHYTH 372 BpllTll 338 BPHWTBTH 329. 372
spmlHa 96 spJlYAaTH 336 BpJhHTIl 347 Bplba'lKH 308 BPOHCKOB 297 Bpnu.a 200 BpcKaB 254 BpCI:aTH 329 BpTa'la 65 spTHn 108 BpTKaTil 328 BpTJlap 43. 44 BPTJlOlKliHa 101 spTyJh 195 SpryJhBK 29 BprywKa 140 BpliH 71 (<jJ) BpliKaTH ce 328 SpyTaK 28 spyli 309 BpyliHHa 96 Bpylillll'lHua 103 spyliHu.a 117, 118 BpylillwTHHa 102, 210 BpyliHw'IHHa 102 spx 386,387 BPXOBHH 267 apxoaHIlK 161 BpxyHal\ 60 BpXyHCKH 300 BpxywKa 139 Bpl\3B 254 Bpl\KaTH ce 328 spwaK 26 spwaJJHlI,a 147, 148 Bpwalill 277 Bpwau. 52 BpWHAGa 71. 72 spWHAGeHH 279 BpwHKa 89 SpWHJlBl\ 143, 144 BpWHJlHl\a 148 BPWHTH 71 (<jJ) SPWHII 259 spWlbaK 35 BpWlbaKHlba 105 BTOpBK 27 BTOpHIlK 27 BYAYll3aM 232 BYAYIICT 243 Byja 20 ByjaKJIHja 146
ByjHno 152 ByKaH 38 ByKan 50 BYKa.ruIlH 70 BYKoBap'l311I1H 94 BYKOBal\ Il, 56 BYKOSCKII 307 BYKOJJ:naK 217 BYKojeslln 177 BYKoTa 182 BYKoTHn 109 syJlrapaH 316 BYJlrapll3aM 232 ByJle 145 ByJleTa 77 syJlKaHII3ep 228 BYJlKaHII311paTil 358 syHapa 48 syHaCT 274 BYHCH 279 ByHIIl\a 114 sYHoBJla'lapa 49 sybil 371 BYl\apBTH ce 331, 345 SYl\apHTII ce 345 BYl\HlbaTil 336 Byqa 19 ay'laJl>IIB 287 ay'lapaH 287 By'lelbe 168 BY'lCTa 77 ay'lCTIlHa 78 By'lHHa 102 By'lHIi 108 ay'lHlI,a 113, 116, 123 BY'ljaK 31 Sy'ljH 291, 292 BY'lKO 140, 140 (<jJ) faGHKa 89 faspa 19 fasPHJIo 152 faAeJK 287 faAeJKJhHB 287 r3AHTII ce 343 ra)J:JhHaOCT 179 raAoa 176 raAOCT 178 faAypa 197,249 faAypHja 83 raljBlbe 172 r3lKelbe 168
ra3 214 racHpaTil 353 ra3AanyK 152, 153 faCHYTIl 373 ra3A3plIl\a 121 raCOBHT 291 ra3AHHHl\a 122 raCTHn IlO ra3AHHKa 137 raCTpIlTllc 246 ra3AHHCKH 305 raTaJIHHKa 137 ($) ra3)J:HHCT1l0 188, 190 raTaJlIIl\a 147 ra3AOBaTil 350 ramp 47 ra3HpaTH 353 raTapa 49. 49 (<jJ) ra3HTH 335 raliaH 38 faja 20 ranewa 79 fahewa 79 raj611jaHa 39 rajAaw 69 raliHl\e 115 fajo 131 rayqocil 252 raKBTIl 323, 329, 332 rau.aTIl 335 raKTaTIl 332 fal\Ko 381 ($) r3JIaKTII'lKIl 319, 321 fa.rua 209 ranaMl,lIIja 207 fBOJII'ljapa 48 ranaHTepHja 236 fllolKljaplija 83 ranSaHH3ep 228 1'B0lKljapHHu.a 48, 165 raolKljeBIlT 291 raneHCKIl 307 ranHjoT 220 fBOlKljypHja 83 ranonllpajyliH 310 faolKljypllHa 103. 104 1'B0lKljywilHa 104 ranonllpaTil 354 1'B03,1leH 279 raHrCTepaj 223 raHrCTepll3aM 233 fA(j)eHo 374 reaK 206 raHAHjeBBl\ 55 raH,IlHjeBcKH 306, 307 reaKYwa 198 rea'lllila 102 raHYTJhHB 285, 286 re6e.ncoBcKH 307 raHyroCT 179 reraB 254 faHylie 11. 193 ralbaTIl 326, 363 reraaaLt 55 rapa 18 refHjcKH 303 reryll,BTIl ce 335 rapaa 18, 254 fCHel8227 rapaBIlTil 343 rapasyw8 199 reHelHH 262 rapBlKa 222 reHepBJIaH 314 reHep3JIHje 235 rapalKHpaTH 354 rap3HTllja 252 reHepBJIIIl\a 116 rapaHTOSaTil 351 reHepBJIKa 9, 133 rapaHl\Hja 250, 252 reHepaTHBBH 317 rap.!1.ep06ep 229 reHeparop 248 rap)J:HjcKH 303 reHetll'IKH 262, 300 reHCTCKH 227, 300 rap.!1.HCT 243 reHHj(e) 84 rapeJK 75 rapll5an)J:HHBLt 219, 220, 241 reHlljaJIaH 314 raplIWTe 126 reHlljBJIBl\ 223 reHKTHBHII 317 rapos 176 reorpa<jJ 219 rapcoHlljepa 237 reorpa<jJllja 219, 235 rapcolbepa 237 reOMCTplljcKIl 300 raCHJlHl\a 139 raCIIJhKa 139 feopfHje 84
415
416
TBOp6u pe'lH y caBpCMCHOM cpncKoMjc311KY
rnaBycKepa 197
feOprHHa 240
filaBYTaK 28
reoueHTpH'laH 318
rllaByua 16
rcpl1Ilau 51
fIlUB'II!HU 103
fepMuHH3aM 232
fJIUfOJbaUl 69
fepMuHH30BUTH 358
fIIaroJbHua 69, 117
repMaHllcT 244
rnaJ.( 217
repMaHI!CTH'lKH 321
fn3Jl.aK 256, 257
reCTanOBau 55
fn3Jl.aH 262
rCCTanOBC1CH 306
rn3Jl.HHua 118
rCCTHKYnl!CaTI! 340
rll/lJl.lbeTH 337
reTeOBCKH 307
rll/lJl.OBaTH 350
rCTHHrCHlllKH 299
rn3Jl.OTH'ba 182
reua 206
fll/lJl.yH 196
rH6aK 257
rJIaJ].yIl.KaTH (ee) 335
rH6amma 122
rn3Jl.YUl 198
f1l6a!b 40
rnal} 217
rH3J.(UB 254
rlla36a 71
fH3ACJlHH 75
rnB36aJ1o 151
fHnc 145
fJlaMO'laK 33
rHMHalHjanau 51, 223
rnaMypooaH 318
rHMHalHjcKH 300
fnucaH 259
rHMHalHCT 243, 244
fllaeaTH 327
rHMHa3HCTKHlba 106
rnaCa'lKH 301
rllMHaCTHKa 239
rJlaCHJlO 150, 152
rHMHaCTHL\lIpaTIl 353
r naCHJbKe 139
rHMHaCTH'Iap 237
fnaCIlHa 102
rliHYTH 170, 372
rnacHti 108
rllnKOCT 179
rnacje 129
rHnCCH 278
rnaCHHK 157
rHTapHjaAa 221
rnaCOBHT 291
rHTaPIiCT 244
rnaCOBHH II, 267
rHL\3 200
rnaCOHOW3 26
rnaB3 IS
rnaUKaTH 328
fIl3Bap 44, 46
rna'lanHL\a 147
rnaBaT 276
rncJ].anau 143
rnaBa'lKC 377
rneJ].aJIHWTe 128
rnaBClllHHa 104
fnettaTCJbKa 192
rnaaHlb3TH 336
rneJ].3TH 363
rnaBHI\ 108, 109
rnCJl.HUlTe 126, 127
rnaBJbyptt3 J 5
rncljocaTH 332
rnaBHHHa 96, 98
rnaaHOKOMaH,L\YjytiH 312, 382 rnClKlbaK 33
rnH6aBHL\a 120
rnaBlba 167
rnH60BHT 291
fnaBlba'la 66
fnHf3 19
rnaBo6oJb3 20
fnHropHjc 84
rnaBOlba 177
rilliK03a 246
rnaBoc(j)eK 217
rnHHeH 279
rnaBocG)C'la 20
rllHHCHalt 59
rnaBO'l 16
rnHHlIlla 115
rllaBO'lHKC 89
fJlHCTHH 290
rnaBypa 196
rnHL\epHJ]. 231
fnaBypAa 196, 197
rnHuepHH 240
fllHUlU 209
fllHUlHn 109
fIlHUloBl!n 112
fJl06HTH 343
rno6yc 253
rnOfHlba 105
rnomh 108
moron 296
rnOI'OTaTH 334
rlloJ].aJJHlI.a 147
rnOAap 47
fllOJ].aTH 328
rllopH!jJHKoauTH 360
rllocap 225
rllocapHj(YM) 225
mouaTH 335
rnOUKaTH 328
rnyBapa 50
rnYBupHTH 346
rnYBun 50
rnYBjeTH 337, 338
rnyBolba 177
rnysona 183
rnYMaTaTIl 333
rnYldaL\ 54
mYMIlUlTc 12w
rllYId'lllHU 181
rnynas 254
rnynaK 30, 31
rnynaH 38
rnyna'la 8, 66
rnynepJ].a 76
rllynHpaTH ce 355
rnynjCTH 337
fnynKaB 255
rnynocT 179
rnyxap350
rnyxah 50
rnyxHYTH 348
rllyUl3 20
rnYUlaL\ 51
fJbHBHUlTe 125
rMH33B3L\ 55
rHe3AaWL\C 202
rHojaB 254
rHOjHBO 80
rHyco6a 72
rlbaBUlKa 218, 222
I'lba8aTOp 218, 249
rlbaBel!( 74
rlbeL\aTH 335
Perncrap pe'lH flbHllelK 75
rlbHIIo6a 72
flbYUaU 54
fOBUHue 201
rOBcJ].up\45
roscAapyllJa 198
rOBeJ].IIHa 77 ($), 95, 96
rOBeAO 204
rOBc1j1! 291, 292
rOBcljHHa 77 ($), 96
rOBC'IC 203, 204
rOBHapHja 83
rOBop 214
rOBOpaHII.Hja 252
rosopHTH 325, 343
rOBopKBTH 325, 328
rOBOpJbHB 285
rOBopuH 265
rOBopHHK 159, 160
rOBopHHUa 164
rOBopHHUlTBO 187
rOBopYUla 199
rOBopUllja 207
rOrOJbeBCKH 307
rOJ].HTH 170
rOJ].IIUllbaK 31, 32, 35, 36
rOJ].HlllIbH 293
rO,AHUllbHL\a 118
roJ].IiUlTe 126
roljc'be 170
r0363 71
rojalKJbHB 287
rojalaH 268
roja3HoCT 179
fOjKO 141
ronall 20, 50
rone3Jl.a 220
ronCHHlt3 117
roneT 77
roneUl 79
foneUl 79
ronHL\aB 254
rOllHII.JbHB 285
ronHUl3B 253
rOnHUlaB'Ie 204
ronHUlaH 39
ronoryUl'lC 203
rOlloc(j)cMCfLa'le 46, 66
ronora 181
rOnOTHlba 182
rOlly63p 45
rony6apHHK 162
fony6au 52
rOIly6HjH 292, 37
fony6HHau 60
rolly6HIbllK 32, 37
rOlly6Hua 116
rOlly6JbH 292
rOlly6lba'la 67
ronyn'le 204
ronylJ'lHIl III
ronYUlaB 256
rollQ>CKH 300
rOlluaT 312
rOIlUHT 313
roJbB 20
roJbO 131
roMllllaTH 326
rOHAoJlHjep 229
rOHHJlaQ 143
l'OHHTCJb 191
rOHHTH 363, 371
rOHH'I 124
roH'IHH 91
rolbelbc II, 172
ropaK 257
ropaHHjaHa 236
ropaHHH 92
fOPAaH 40
fOpJIaHa 40
roPJ].CJblIS 287
roPJ].HTH ce 344
roPJ].OCT 178
ropclbe 168
ropcnH 308 ($)
ropHB 282
ropHBo 80
roPHOHHK 161
fopjaHa 40
ropKaCT 274
fOPKH 381
fopKHjeB 297
fOPKOB 297
rOpJbHB 282, 285
ropHaT 277
roplbll 293
roplbosapowaHHH 93
rOpOBHT 291
ropomw. 212
ropoc(j)c'Ia 20
ropyH 196
ropyh(H) 308 ($)
ropywillta 123
roPYUlTHH3 211
417 rOp'laTH 327
rOp'lltKU 89, 90
fop'lHH 91
rop'lHHU 96
rop'lI!TH 344
fopUlTaK 37
ropUlTaKlllbB 105
roca 18
rocna 18
rocnoJ\ap 46
rocnoAaplITlt 342. 346
rocnoJ].upHlI.a 116
rocnoJ].upoal-es 295
rocnOAHH 8, 91
rocnOJ].HTH ce 342
rocnOJ].H'I III
rOCIIOJ].H'IaH 124
rocnoAII'IHIi III
rocnO,AH'IlIa 124
rocnOJ].lbH 293
rocnOACTBCl1 279
rocnOJ].CTBO 186
rocllolja 20
rocnoljHlI.a 115
rocno'illn III
rocnoUlTHHa 209, 210
roCTHHCKH 305
roCTHOHHL\U 13, 165
roCTJlOHH'IUP 43, 45
roCTHTH 342
rOCTOBaTH 350
rocTOJby6HBOCT 178, 179
rOCTOnpHMJbH8 287
roCTonPHIdCTBO 187
rOCTyjytiH 311
rOTHKU 239
rOTHua 117
rOTOBall 38
roTOBaHHCaTH 339
rOTOSHHa 97
fOLIa 200
rowtia 20
rpa6clK 74
rpa6ClKJbHB 287
rpa6JbHB 281, 285
rpa6JbHlUTC 126
rpa6oBHH3 99
rpa6yJba 195
rpa6yJbaTH 326
I'pa6yJbC 195
rpaBcp 228
rpaBHp3249
418 rpaBHTauHoHH 270 rpaBypa 249 fpaAau 52 rpaAHBO 80 rpaAHJlHWTe 128 rpaAHTeJb 190, 191 rpaAHTeJbKaI-Hua 192 rpllJlHn I 08 fpaAHlllKa 381 ($) fPAAHIllT3H3U 58 rpaAHIllTe 125 rp3,lUf,8 167, 167, 171 rpaAOHa'ieJlHHK 160 rpaACKH 298, 302, 305 rp3J.\yanaH 315 rpaAyeJlaH 315 rp3J.\ypHH8 103 rpaAycKepa 197 rpalja 19 rpaljaHHH 93 rpaljaHKa 13 4 rpalj8HKHH 289 rpaljaHCKH 304 rpaljaHCTso 186 rpaljesaH 267 rpaljeBHH3 100, 99 rpaljeBHHap 45 rpaljeBHHapCTBO 187 rpaljeBHHau 51 rpaljesHH 262 rpaljea.e 171 rpajaTH 326 rpaKaTH 332, 348 rpaKHYTH 332, 348 rpaKTaTH 332, 348 rpaMaTH'iap 43, 238 rpaM3HBOCT 179 rpaHa(j)JlHj a 146 rpaHaT 276 rpaHaTH ce 327 rpaH8THpaTH 354 rpallJUl03aH 318 rpaHHTaH 259 rpaHH'iap 45 rpaHH'iHTH (ce) 343 rpaHH'iHH 259 rpaH'iHUa 123 rpaa.e 129 rpa$HKa 239 rpa$HKoH 247 rpa$H'lap 237 rpa$oMaHHja 235
TBOp63 pe'lH YCaBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY rpaxOBHIllTe 128 fpaxOBO 176 rpaxoP){U3 117 rp3UH03aH 318 rpawaK 26\ rpallleBHH8 '98 rpawK3 131, 132 rp6aB 254 rp6aB3U 53 rp6aBKo 141 rp6ali 50 rp6HTH ce 343 rp60Fba 177 rp6YJba'la 68 fpra 19 rproJbHTH 335 rproTaTH 334, 335 rpryTaTH 334 rpJ.\ 263 rpAall 263 rpAHJlO 152 rp.lUlTH 171 rpAFba 167 rpAo6a 72 rpAOCHj3 178 rpJ.\YJba 195 rpljeBHIl 113 rpe6aTOP 249 rpe6eH 76 rpe6eHaJba 154 rpe6YUKaTH 335 rperopHjaHcKH 304 rpeJ.\eJb 75 rpejanHua 147 rpejalbe 171 rpejaTH 344 rpeja'llrpuja'l 63 rpejaQHHa 101 rpeXOTa 181, 182 rpeUH3aM 232, 233 rpCUH3HpaTH 358 rpelllaH 259 rpeWKa 135 rpelllKOM 386 rpelllHHK 85, 157 rpewHHua 117 rpHBHaw 68 rpHB/I,aw 68 rpH)I(a 19 rpH3e/l,e 168 rpH3JlHUa 118 rpHIl03aH 262, 317
rpHCKaTH 328 rpHUKaJlHua 148 rpHUKaTH 328 rpHUKO 141 fPKHtb8 105, 106 rpKHyrH 348 rpn3T 276 rpJle 73 rpneHH 279 rpJbelhe 168 rpMaJb 38 rpMeJb8K 29 rpMeH 76 rpMe'laK 30 fPMC'lJlHj8 146 rpMHK 85 rpMJbaB8 21 rpMJbaSHH8 100 rpMJbe 129 rpMHYTH 373 rpMywa 199 rpMywHH 290 rpH'le 203 rpo6ap 45 rpo6JbaHCKH 305 rpo6Jbe 129 rp06HHU3 163 rpo60BJhe 131 rpOlll:ljaHH 271 rpo)l(lje 129 rp03aH 260 rpo3J.\aH 260 rp03J.\aHa 39 rpo3HH 381 rpo3HH'laB 254 rp030SHT 291 rp030Ta 181 rpOKTaTH 332 rpoMaK 256 rpOMOB8'l8 66 rpOMOBHT 291 rpOMOBHHK 161 rpoMYJbaCT 276 rpOTeCKa 230 rpoTecKaH 253 ($), 260 rpo$oBHja 188 rpO$OBCKH 306 rpO$OBCTSO 188 rpOXOT 181,214 rpoxoTaTH ce 334 rpoue 201 fpouKa 303, 381
PefHCTlIp pe'!H rpO'l3HCKH 303, 304 fpy6ewa 79 rpy6HjaH 84 fpy6Hwa 79, 125 rpy6jeTH 337 rpy60CT 178 rpYBaTH 327, 371, 373 rpYABaTH ce 326 rpy,lUf,aK 35 rpY)l(3HcKH 304 fpY3HjaH3U 92 fpY3Hj3U 92 rpY3HjCKH 300 fpy3HH 92 fpy3HH3U 92 rpYMeH'!8K 30 rpYMeH'lHIi III rpYMe'laK 30 rpYMYJbHualrpoMYJbHua 123 rpYHTOBHHU8 166 rpYHYTH 373 rpy"HCaTH 340, 349 rpymbaK 34 rpYW8SHH3 100 rpYWan3M3 142 rpywanHH8 100 rpyweDHHa 100 rpuaj 23 rpuaTH 327 rpUl13aM 233 fp'lAAHja 82 rp'leBHT 291,291 rp'lKa 303, 381 rp'lKH 299 ry6aB 254 ry6aB3U 53, 54 ry6aJb 38 ry6ePHaTOP 248 ry6epHHja 248 ry6HJl3U 160 ($) ry6HJlHWTe 128 ry6HTaK 28, 69 ry6HTaw 69 ry6HTHHK 160 ($) ryryTaTH 332, 334, 335 ryfyrKa 135 ryJ.\aJlO 151 ryJ.\aQ 62,63 ryJ.\a'lKH 14, 308 rYJ.\HJIo 151 rY)l(Ba 17 rY)l(Bapa 49
rylKlhH 293 ryJaT 276 ryJOlba 177 ryjaBHua 121 ryjaBKa 136 ryjHlhH 294 ryjHIi 108 ryK3TH 329, 335 ryKUYTH 373 ryMeH 279 ryMeH>3K 32, 37, 68 ryMeH>3lll 68 ryMHua 115 ryHAeJb 76 ryHIj 327 ryHljaB 254 ryHljaJIO 150 ryPaTH 371, 373 ryp6eTH1l 91 rypHKaTH 330 rypKaTH 328, 371 rypnHKaTH 330 ryPM8HJ1YK 153 rypHYTH 373 ryplbaBa 21 ryCaK 26, 134 rycaH 10,38 ryC8HHj3Aa 221 rycapHH895 ryc(j)eHH'18p 47 ryCHlbaK 37 fycHa.e 107 rycKa 134 rycKHua 114 rycnap 42, 45 ryCJlaTH 326 rycna'l 62 rycrnHa 96, 183 rycrnw 124 rycroba 183 fyrJh3j 24 fyrJbaj'lHli III ryTHYTI1 373 fY'la 203 ryWaH 38 rylllQ3J.\ 22 ryw'iap 45 ryw'le 203, 204 ryW'IeTHHB 77, 78 ryW'IHjH 292 ryw'lHIiH 108 rylll'iHUa 114
419 Aa6poBHHa 99 AaBanau 143 AaBaJlO 142 AaBaJl,K3 138 A3Balhe 172 A3BC)I( 74 A3BHTeJb 191 AaBH'lOB 295 AaBJbCHHK 86, 87 AABJbeHHua 122 AABHHH8 96 . AaBylJHja 206 J.\3A318 A3AaH3aM 232 A3A8HCT 243 A3J.\HJb8 18, 155 J.\8)1(.l\eBHua 120 Aa)I(.l\HTH 337 Aalll:AHU 113 J.\alKJljCTH 337 J.\3KTHJlOrpa4)lUfiba 106 AaJleK 297 AaneKOBOA 217 AaJlMaTHHau 52, 59 AaJlM3THHK8 137 J.\aJlM3THHCKH 302, 305 AanMaliaHHH 92 AaJlM8UHja 81 J.\aJlTOHHCT 244 J.\3JhaW 69 J.\aJbHHa 96 J.\aJbHHap 47 AaJbHTH 343, 344 J.\aJbHH 293 J.\aJb/l,H 293 J.\aMaCTHI1 260 AaHa 18 J.\aHaK 26 J.\aHac 374 J.\aHaCKe 374 AaHau 52 J.\aHaWtbH 293, 294 J.\3Haw/l,HUa 118 J.\aHry6a 17 AaHHJlO 152 AaHHua 117 J.\aHHua 162 AaHKa 132 AaHKH/I,a 106 AaHKO 140 J.\aHOBaTH 350 J.\aHoHoIiHH 266
422
TBop6a pe'lH y caapeMenOM CPflCKOM je3HKY
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.!{onHHat( 52 .l\onHTH 367 .l\OnH'IaH 265 .l\OMa 374 .l\OM33nYK 154 .l\OMaja 25 AOManO'lalJllb1l 293 ,!IOMap 45 ,!IoMahH 278 ,!IOMaMH 91 ,!IOMahHHCTBo 187, 190 ,Il,oMahHl.\a 116 .!{oMalllaj 23 .!{OMeT 216 ,!IOMIIHaHTaH 315 ,!IOMHHHKaH3l.\ 58 .l\OMHHHKaHCKH 300 .l\OMHHHpaTH 356 .l\OMHIllJhaH)8 .l\OMHWJhaHKa 136 .l\OMHWJhaT 277 .!{OMOBHHa 98, 99 ,!IOMOBHHua 166 .l\OMoynpaaHTCJbHua 192 .l\OMOYCTpojHTeJbKa 192 .l\OHaTOp 248 .!{OH(Hj)eTH 371 ,Il,OHel.\KH 299 .l\OHlK)'aHCKH 307 .l\OHKHXOTepHja 236 .!{OHKHXoTHjana 221 .!{OHOCHnau 143 .!{OlbaK 31 .!{OIbH 293 .!{Ofla.l\JbHB 284, 286 .!{onHHr 241 .l\OflHHroB3TH 351 .l\OflHpaTH 362 .l\OnHC 215, 216 .l\OflHcaTHI,!IonHCHBaTH 216 AOfIHCHHK 158, 159 .l\OnHCHHl.\a 164 .l\Onp(Hj)em 362 .l\OflYl;baBaTH 366 .l\OnYIb3BaTHI.l\OnYIbHBaTH 366 .l\OnycHH 265 .l\OnyCT 215 ,!IOnYCTHs 284 ,!Ionyurrelbc 174 .l\opa 18 .l\OpHH 91
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JJ.YM6apaTH 331 AYH~ep 91 AYH~CPHII 91 JJ.YHyrll 373 .u.ylbaJlyK 152, 153 .u.Y"CHUC 202 JJ.ynKe 376 JlY"JIHPaTH 355 JJ.Y"Jbap 46 .u.YIlJbaw 68 .u.ypaW311 268 JlYCTa6aHJJllja 145 AyliaHqC 16 (q,), 204 JJ.yliaHqHIi III JlYhaHUllja 207 AYXOBaH 267 JJ.YXOBHT 291 AYXOOIITOCT 179 JJ.YXOBHIIK 85, 161 JJ.YXOSHOCT 179 .u.ywa 20 .D.ywaHKa 133 .D.ywaHosau 56 JJ.Ywe6plIlKHHK 160 JJ.yweBall 267 JJ.ywerY"Ka 135 .D.yWKO 140 JlYWMaHHH 91 JJ.YwMaHJlYK 153 .u.yWHHK 157 ljaaOJlaK 11, 26 ljaooJlaH 38, 123 (q,) ljaBOJlaCT 274, 275 ljasoJlHja 84 ljaaOJlKaCT 275 ljaBOJl'lC 204 ~aBOJl'lHIi II, III ljaKCJha 76 ljaKOBaTH 350 ~aKOBa'lKIi 303, 308 naKoBHua 120 naKOS'laHHH 94 naKoBwTIlHa 210 ijaKOHHTIl 342 nanCKIl 381 ljaypllH 91 l)a'lc 74, 203, 204 ljaqHIi 108 IjIlJlaCOBau 55 ljllnKow 184 ijllllap3TIl 331
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427 JKeHCTBeHOCT 179 JKeHtypa'ia 16 JKeHTYpHHa 16 lKeHypHHa 103 JKeH'Ie 204 )!(ell'le 204 JKepasa 21 JKeCTHlla 96 JKeCTHTH ce 297, 344 lKeCTOK 297 lKeTBa 72, 73 JKeTBeHH 279 lKetenal\ 143, 144 lketeJJHl\a 148, 192 lKetH 144, 170 lKelil\a 200 JKHBa 18 )KHBa,It 22 )!{HBa,ltHHKa 138 )KHBaJb 37 )KuSaH 38 )KusaHaQ 204 )KusaH'IeBHIi 204 JKHSapHTH 345 lKHBaxaH 269 )KHBaxHyTH 348 )KHBelK 75 lKHJlHH 289 )KHBHHa 96 )KHBHHap 45 )KHBHHapHHK 162 )KHBHH'Ie 205 )KHSHH'I"TH 347 lKlISHl.\a 118 lKlIBjeTH 337, 338 lKlIBKapHTH 346 )KuBKHl\a 114 )KuBKO 140 lKHBHyTH 348, 373 )KuBOje 91 )KuBOjHH 91 )!(HBojHHKa 138 )KuBOjKO 142 lKHBonHC 217 )KHBopoljCH'Ie 205 lKHBOCT 178 lKUBOT 16, 181 )KuBoTa 182 lKHBOTapHTH 346 JKHBOTHtl.a 105, 183 lKHlIOTHtl.H3aM 233 JKHBOTO,llaBaH 266
~
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lKYAlba
lKHBYJbaCT
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288 lKyJbajllB 288 lKYJbCBHT 291 lKYMallall 57 lKYMalllle 57, 202 lKynall 38 lKynaHlIja 81 )Kynalba 41 lKynJbaHIIH 93 lKynHHK 157 lKypaja 25 lKypajHB 288 lKypaH 265 lKypGa 71 lKYTeJb 75 lKYTeJbaB 287 lKYTeJbHB 287 lKYT"Ka 90 lKYTHJllIlla 136 lKYTHnOBKa 136 lKYTHJbaB 287 lKYT"TI 344 lKYTHlla 118 lKytjCTII 337, 338 lKYTKaB 255 lKYTKacT 274 lKYTlbllKaB 255 lKYTOKJbYHall 53 lKYTYr 194 lKYTyra 194 lKylia 20, 140 lKyliKaCT 274 )KyliKo 140 lKylioB 176 lKy'laH 258 lKy'l!hIlB 287 243 343 3aGaBHUITe 126 3aGaBJba'l 63 3aGaBHHK 86, 158 3aGeneUlKa 135 3aGHjaTH 363 3aGHJbeUlKa 13 5 3aGHT 217 3aGHTH 217 3aGneCaBHTH 338 3aGnYAenH 384 3aGopaBall 266 3aGaBHCT
3aGaBHTH
90 3aGopaBJbani 361 3aGopaBJbllB 285 3aGpall 216 3aGpIIHYTH 365 3aGpHlbaBajylill 310 3aGpHlbanaTlI 365 3aGYAaJJacaTH 332 laGYluallT 218-220, 225 3aGYUlaHllllja 252 3aBaljaTH 361 3aBapHnaTlI i 43 3aBClKJbaj 24 3aBclKJbaj'lllli III 3anccnaj 23 3aB(j)CTonaTH ce 350 'jaB(j)cTpHHU 96 3aB(j)cUlTaTCJb 191 'JaBIIAJbIlB 285 3aBlIjaTH 363 3aBlIjYTaK 28 3anlp"BaTI 369 3aBlIpKHHaTlI 369 3aBHcall 265 3aBlIClITH 170 3aBlICHHK 160 3aBHCHOCT 179 3aBHCT 185 'jaBIITnanaTII 364 3aBHTJJallT 225 3aBHTnaTH 364 3aBII'Iaj 24 3aBHUIa 125 3aBOAJbIlB 285 3aBOAHHK 159 3aBoj 214, 216 3aBojeBa'lKH 301 3aBojHT 290 3aBopalb 40 3aBp3aH 38 3aBp3naMa 142 3aBpJba'lIlTII 347 3aBpTalb 40 3aBpUiCTaK 28 3aBpUlHH 265 3aBpUlHHlla 118, 164 3ara 18 3araljclbe 173 3araljllBaTlI 368 3araCllT 290 3arnaBJbC 130 'JarnCA 101 3aGopaBlIKa
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3aApHrao
3arnynJbllBaTH
3aApaHHH
92, 93
3aAplKaBaTH
364
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384
139 86 3aJbyGJbCIIKO 141 3aJbyGJbHB 283, 285, 286 3aJby6JbHBaTII cc 368 3aJbyJbaj 24 3aMarJbHBaTH 368 JaMa3auall 53 3aMajal( 54 3aMapaTH 362 JaMaTaTII 364 JaM(j)eHa 16 JaM(j)CHIIK 159 JaM(j)eHHlla 119 3aM(j)cIIJbHB 283 JaM(j)ClbIlB 283, 284 3aJbyGIIUlKa
3aJbyGJbCHIIK
135
3aM(j)cpKa JaMeTaK
25
252 185 ($) JaMHcao 41, 217 JaMlIcn!lB 281, 283 (Hc)3aMHUlJbHB 281, 283 JaMOM'IHTH ce 342 3aMOp'le 205 3aMOTaBaTH 364 JaMOTaK 24 JaMOTJbaj 24 JaMDry.lbaK 24, 29 3aMpa'lHBaTH 323 3aMp3HBa'l 64 JaMp3Hylie 193 3aMYllKHBaTH 370 JaHaTnHja 145. 146 JaHaTCTBO 187 JaIlCMOliaTH 327 3aHecelbaK 32, 37 3aHHjeMjtml 337 JaHIIMallHja 251 3aHIIMJbHB 285, 286 3aHOB( IIj)CTanO 150 3aHOKTHlla 117 JaoGHnalHHlla 164 3aOBH'IHHa 103 3aoBH'IHIi III 3aOBH'IHa 124 3aOCTaBUITlIHa 211 3aOCTanOCT 179 3aOCTaTaK 27 3aM(j)cUlaHllHja
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32, 36 171
430 3analKaTH
Perncrap pe'lH
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361
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3analbelbe 173
3analbell>CKH 299
3analbHB 281, 283, 284
3analbyj yliH 311
3an(Hj)eBarn 363
3an{j)cBaTH 363
3an(j)eBKa 135
3anern 362
3anenaK 26
3anHlbaTH 337, 362
3anHlI>a'la 65
3anHC 215
3anHCHBarn 368
3anHCHHK 159, 160
3anHcHH'Iap 43, 45
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3anHTKHllarn 370
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3an.n.ycKHB3TH 369, 3an.n.ycHynt 369, 370
3anoB{j)e,!I.HHK 159
3anoll{j)e~HHwTII0 187
3anoB(Hj)eCT 185
3anOIlHje,!l. 212
3anonHTH 342
3anocneH 175, 280
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3anocnHTH 280
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3anpawell>e 173
3anpelKHH 259
3anpenawneILe 168, 174
3anpenawnyjyliH 310
3anpwKa 135
3anywa'l 62, 63
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3apaCTarn 369
3apawhHBaTH 369
3ap~aJIH 384
3ape 73
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3apHBaTH 368
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3ap06n,eHHWTBo 186
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3acc6HT 290
3ace6Hlte 375
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3aCCnaK 26
3acG)eHaK 25
3aCClbHBaTH ce 368
JacHneHoCT 179
3acHlielbe 174
3acnenn,yjynH 311
3acnoH 216
3acMejaBaTH 364
3aCHHBaTH 369
3aCHOBarn 369
3acrallHHK 12, 155, 157
3aCTajarn 363
3aCTajKHllaTH 370
3aCTap(Hj)cBaTH 367
3aCTap{j)enoCT 179
3acrap(j)eTH 367
3aCToj 215
3aCTpawHB3rn 368
3aCTpawyjylie 386
3aCTpawyjyliH 311
3aCTynHHK 159
3aCTynHHwTll0 187
3aCTynCTII0 189
JaTBapa'l63
3aTBOP 216
3aTBOpeHHK 86, 88
3aTernyroCT 179
3aTeJano 150
3aTcliH 362
3aTHKa'l62
3aTHltarn 362
3aTHwje 130
3aTO'lHHK 160
3aTpnaBarn 364
3aTPnaTH 364
3aTpy,!l.lbeTH 337
3aTyn.n.HBaTH 368
3aTyJ.taHOCT 179
3a~aTH 327
3aYJeTOCT 179
3aYJene 193
3aYWHHlta 164
3aYWlbau.n 36
3a€jlpKaHT 225
3a$pKaHltHja 252
3a$pn,a'lHTH 347
3axapHje 84
3axllanHHlta 164
3axllaJIH0CT 179
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3aX.1'..a~lbeTH 337
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3axT(j)e~ 215
3aXT(Hj)eilaTH 367
3axTG)eTH 367
3alteHyrH 13aueHHTH
369 ($)
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3a'lenHTH 345
3a'len.n.elbe 173
3a'leTaK 28
3a'leTHHK 158, 159
3a'lelie 193
3a'lHH 216
3a'lHHHTH 216
3a'lyljyjynH 311
3awywKHBaTH 370
3awYWJbcKaTH 330
36{j)cr 128, 215
36{j)eroBHwTe 128
36HllaTH ce 363, 368
36HjaTH 363
36HjaTH cc 363
36Hp 214
36HTH ce 363
36HTHje 84
360p 214, 216
360pHcaTH 340
360PHHK 158
360PHHlta 163
360poBaTH 350
36pojoBKa 136
36yHJbHB 283
36YlbeHKo 141
36YlbeHocT 179
36YlbyjyhH 310
3BaHHlta 118, 122
3BaHH'laH 270
3BaHH'IHHK 85
311albe 172
3Be3~aH 271
3B{j)e3,!1.aHa 40
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3B{j)e3AaCT 273
3Be3~aw 68
3Be3~HH 290
3B{j)e3~Hlta 115
3BeK 213
3BCKaH 38
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3BeKeTaTH 332, 333
3BeKHp 107
3BCKTaTH 332
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311{j)epa.nnja 82
3B(Hj)epe 73
3B{j)epHu.aK 32, 37
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3B{j)epHII>C 107
311{j)epHII>H 294
311(Hj)epo 132
3B{j)epcnro 186
3B{j)eplta 200
3B(Hj)ep'le 204
3BeltKarn 328, 329
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3BC'IKa 135
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JIIHlK,!I.3.JbKa 138
JBHlK,,!I.aTH 372
311HlK.II.YK 214
311HlK.II.YKaTH 330
3BH3Hyrn 372
3BjeJ~an 14
3l1jepa.n 22
3BoHap 45, 47
3110HHK 85, 155, 158
3110HHTH 343
3BOHKO 140
3BOHKO CnacHn 141 (€jl)
3110HltM 22
3BOHltaCT 273
3110HltaTH 335
3110Hlte 201
3BOH'lHIi III
3110H'IHIiH 22
3110lbaBa 21
3BOII>allHHa 100
3BOlbell>e ll, 168
3BOltarn 327
3BPKHynt 348
JBpKHynt 348
311pH,!l.aTH 327
3I1PH.AOB 176
3Bp'laTH 336
3BYKOBHH 267
3BY'laH 259, 267
3By'larn 327
3By'lHHK 86, 158
3rapHwTe 126
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3ro~a 16
3rO~altHja 251
Jro~MHlte 375
3ro~HTaK 28
3rpMypHHa 103
3rp3JKaTH (cc) 362
3rpaHYTH 365
3rpalbaBaTH 365
3rpHyrH 372
3rpTaTH 372
3ryCHyrH (ce) 349
3rywlbaBarn 365
3):IaIbC I 75
3~enaCTOCT 179
3~paBHlbaK 37
3~pallHn 110
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3~PaBJhaK 35
3~aBJhC 129
3~paBCTBeHH 280
3~aBCTBO 187
3~alluaT 12,312
3~aBltHjaT 313
3.ApaBltHT 313
3~waH 266
300lba 167
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3(Hj)eBHyrH 373
3eJaTOp 249
3cja 20
3cjTHlbaB 253, 254
3eKaJb 38
3eKaH 38
3eKHH 290
3CKOII>a 177
3eKYH 196
3eneM6a1i 20, 50
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3eneHHKa 90
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3eneHH'laB 255
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431 3eJlClLeTH 337
3eJlelbeTH Ce/-HHTH CC 338
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3eMn,an 272
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JeMn,HUJTe 126
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JeMJbOnoc{j)e~HHK 160
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JeMHH 262
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3(j)CHHlta 116
3eHH'IaK 33
3eTOlIJLeB 297
3eTOBn,H 292
JeTOBWTHHa 211
3CTCKH 304
JeliancKH 304
Je'leIlHHa 99
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3e'lHn 108
3e'lHlta 114, 116
3e'ljH 291, 292
3HBKapaTH 331
3HllKaTH 328
3H,!1.ap 47
3H,!1.apCKH 301
31ll\HHa 102
31ll\HH 262
3Hjarn 373, 373
38MH 374
3HMJbHB 281, 287
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3HMlbH 293
lHMOBaTH 350
3l1MOBHUJTe 128
3HMOBHHK 161
3HMOrpOlKJbHB 287
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3HMYC 374
3HMYWlbH 293
3HHyrH 373, 373 ($)
432 3l1XCpaW 70 3J1BTa 18 3J1aTa(j)mlja 146 3JIBTaH 259, 261 3J1BTBP 42, 44 311aTaCT 274 311aTHHKa 138 311aTlITlI 342 3JIaTKBCT 275 3JIaTHIIK 86 3JIBToje 177 3J1aToje 177 3JIBTYJbB 195 3JIahaH 272, 280 3J1anCH 280 3J1HKOBau 57 3J1l1Ua 118 3J10 212, 380 31106a 72 3J106HIIK 85 3J10fJlaCaH 266 3JI0MIlCJlel! 280 3J10MHWJbeHHK 157 3JlOHaM(j)epHHK 86 3110naMTHJlO 150 3JlOCJlYTHIlK 86 3JIoha 183 3J1oliKO 141 263 263 3JI0'lHHKa 134 3J10'lHHCTBO 186 3J1YPAAOCT 178 3MajesHT 291 3MIljacT 273 3MHjaii 50 3MHjHH 290 3MlljH!baK 37 3MIljlllbll 294 3MHjlln 108 lMlljCKII 37, 290 3MIljyram 335 3MlIjYJbaCT 27i 3MlIjYJbllHa 1t4 3MlIjYJbHTlI 347 3MlIjYJbllua 123 3MlIjypllHa 103 3MHj'le 204 3Hanau 143 3Hanlllla 147 3HaMeHHje 84 3HaMeHHT 290
Perncrap PC'lIl
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3YXCP 150 3yl\KBTIl 328, 329 3YUllyTH 329 1l6COSCKI! 307 1I6pllIITap 44 I1Ba 19 I1saH 38 118auau 204 I1B
1I3a3l1Ba'! 63 1I3a30B 214, 215 1I3aC1IallllK 86 H3acJlaHCTBO 188 lI36aBJbca.e 173 1I36aUllBaTH 368 H36(j)eraBaTll 365 lI36crnaja 25 H36(j)crJlIlUa 118, 147 1I36(j)ernHWTBo 186 1I36e306pa3HTII (ce) 345 H36e3YMHTH 345 1I36(j)eJbHBB'I 64 H36l1BaTH 368 1I3611pa'l62 lI360p 214, 215 lI360plljAAa 221 lI360'III11a 97 1I3Ballpe,WI1i 266 H3salbCKH 303 1l3Se}leHHlla 118 H3seCTH 371 1l3B(j)eCTHJlalt 143 H3B(j)eCTHTeJb 191 H3S(j)eIlJTaBBTH 365 H3s(j)ellJTaj 24 113B(j)ellJTa'l 62 H3s(j)ellJTa'lllTll 345 H3BIl,il.HIlK 159 H3BHJl.Hlllla 163 (
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433 1l3MlIWJbaTil 361 1I3MlIWJba'l 62 H3MlIWJbOTHHa 182 H3MOTaBaTH ce 364 113MoTaUlIja 251 H3HajMJbllBaTIl 368 1l3uampoc(j)e'lall 266 H311CHBJtaH 265 113Hcllaljefue 174 1I3HcHaljyjybc 386 1I3Hcllaljyjylill 310 1I3110C 215 13HYTP"Ua 119 1I30JlaTOp 248 1l30JlaUlI0IIHJaM 234 1l301l0BaTH 349 H30Ua'lHTH 345 1l30CTaHaK 25 1l3pAAa 16 H3paljeBlIHa 100 1l3paljHSaTH 368 I-bpacJlalt 52 1l3PalKBSBTH 364 H3palKaj 23 H3pa3215 1I3pa3HT 290 H3paCJlIlHa 97 1l3paCJlHUa 147 H3paCT30 41 H3paCT3TlI 361, 369 1I3paCTlI 361 H3pawnj 24 H3pawhllBaTH 369 H3pClHBaTH 368 1l3PC30TIlHa 182 H3p(llj)eKoM 377 1l3pellHS 285 1I3pH'IIlT 290 H3PO}l 216 H3pyrnsaTH ce 368 H3py'lCfuC 173 1I3YS3TH 371 1I3yJeTaK 25, 26, 28 H3yJeT3H 265 H3yJchc 193 H3YM(j)cJlall 143 H3YMlITCJb 191 1l3YMjeTIl 337 H3YCTIITH 345 H3yT1! 371 HjeKaBHJHpa:m 358 IIjeKaBCKH 300
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440 Kl1pCTalKa 222 KHpHI.lHja 207 KHpHI,lHnYK 153 KHCeJlHHa 97 KHCeJlHTH 343 KHCeJlHL\a 118 KHcenHlU 124 KHccnKaCT 274, 275 KHcenOCT 178 KHCeJbaK 30, 33 KHCeJbKaCT 274 KI!CeoHI!K 162 KHTlL8CT 275 KHlia 193 KI!liuHK3 137 KHliefbe 168 KH$nel,lHja 208 KHL\O 184 ($) KHL\OlU 184, 184 (4)) KHl\OlUHTH ce 342 KHl\OlllnYK 153 KH'Iepaj 223 KH'IMell 279 KH'IMeIl>8K 32, 36 KHwaH 259 KHWHL\a 115 KHWHHl\U 163 KHlllOB 295 KI!WOBHT 291 KHllIypHH3 103, 346 KHIlIYPHTH 346 KnaBHj3rypa 250 Kn8BHpwTHMep 228 KnaBHIJeM6anHCT 244 Kna,!{alb 40 Kna,!{HBaw 69 K.JIa,!{HBO 80 Kna.n;Hn3l\ 143 Kna.n;HOHHl\a 165 Kn3AHli 108 Kna.n;oBo 176 Kna.n:yWHl\a 123 Kn8HOBCKH 306 KnanHlbaTH 336 KnapHHCTHCT 244 Kn3Cep 229 K.JIaCHK 237, 238 K.JI3cHq,HKaI.l,HOHH 270 KnacHq,HKOB3TH 360 Kn8CHUH3aM 232 KnaCHL\HCT 243 KJl8CH'IaH 260, 264
KnaCH'lap 238 Knacjc 128, 129 KnarapHTH ce 345 KnaTHO 166 KnaY'&Hje 84 KJlaL\KanHL\a 148 KnaL\K3TH 328 KnCBCra 17 KneBCTaTI1 327 KneBCTHHK 159 KnCKHYTH 372 KneKOBa'la 66, 296 KnCMna 18 KneMnaB 177,255 KneMnOlha 177 Knenano 150 KnenCT 77 KneneTaTH 333 KneneTyw8 199 KnenTOMaliKa 133 KJlepHK 237 KJlCpHKan8l\ 223 KneC8p 47 KneTBa 72, 73 KnCTBCH 279 K!ICTBeHHK 87 KneTH 170, 171 KneuaTH 373 Kne'l3TH 373 KnelJeliH 310, 311 KnHlKyliH 310 KnH3aB 254 K.JIH33BHl\8 120 KnH3ajyliH 310 KnH3aK 257 KnH3anHWTC 127, 128 KnHJ8.fbK3 138 KnHJalbe 171 KnH38'l 62, 63 KnH3HWTC 127 KnH3HYTH 373 KnHKHYTH 348, 372 KnHKTaTH 332, 348 KnHMaB 254 KnHM3T 226 KnHMaT3TH 333 KnHM3TH10ll3TH 359 KnHMaTCKH 321 KnIlMYL\aTH 335 KJlHMYl\KaTH 335 KnHH3CT 273 KnHHal{ 52
KnHHl\C3a 227 KJIHH'IHb 110 KJlHH'IypHja 83 KllllOaH 38 KJIHpHK 237 KJlHpHHlUKH 298 KnHl\3TH 326, 372 KnHl\Hll 289 KJlHWeHpaTI! 353 KJlHWCTHpaTH 353 KnHWHpaTH 353 KnOBIIOBCKI! 306 KnOKOT 181,214 KnOKOTUTH 332, 334 KnOKO'lHKa 89 KnOKTaTH 332 KJloHynocT 179 KnoHylie 193 KnOn8paTH 331 KnomrraTH 333 KnOnHTH 331 KnOnHYTH 331 KnonOTaTH 331, 334 Kny6aw 68 Kny6awTBo 186 KJlynepHHa 103 KllynKo 141 KnyncKH 298 KJlyn'le 141, 203 K.1Iyn'lHHa 101 ($) KJbaKa 18 K!b3K8B 255 KJbYB8TH 335, 371, 373 KJbYHaT 276 KJbYHHIi 108 KJbyHyYI! 335, 373 KJbYCa,!{ 22 KJbyce 73 KJbYCHH3 101 KJbYL\aTH 335 KJbY'laHHl\a 122, 165 KJbY'laOHHU3 165 KIby'!ap 44 KJby'lepHHa 103 K1I>Y'lHb 11, 108 KMeKaTH 330 KMeTllja 81 KMeTOSaTH 350 KMCTOBCKH 306 KMeTCTBO 188 l(MC'I3TH 336 KHerHlb3 104, 105
441
Perncrap pe'lH
Tsop6u pe'lH Y CaBpCMellOM cpnCKOM jC31iKY KHClKeSHHa 98, 99 KHclKcBHIi 112 KHelKcsHI:i 112 KHClKeBCKH 306 KHClKeBCTBO 188 KHelKHja 81 KHClKHHa 96 KHelKHTH 342 KHelKHh 108 KHelKHL\a 114 KHCW'I1!1i III KIIHlIl,Ia 206 KHHlb8HHH 93 K1haJKesaL\ 56 KII>HrOBeJHHL\a 164 KlbHroSO,&CTBCHU 280 Klbl!rosOACTBO 188 KII>HrOBO~a 20 KII>lllKap 14, 42, 45 KII>HlKapa 47, 48, 165 KII>HlKapHHL\a 48, 165 KII>HlKeBaH 267 KlbHlKeBHHK 161 KIbHlKCBHOCT 180 KIbHlKCCTBO 185 KIbHlKeTHHa 78 Klbl!lKHTH 342, 343 KIbHlKHl\a 113, II 5 KIbHlKHI!L\a 162, 163 KIbHlKYPAa 197 KIbHlKYpHHa 103 KIbHWKH 298 KOanHl\HOH3W 242 K03JIHUHOHH 270 K068ja 25 Ko6anToB 295 Ko6aCHL\a 116 Ko6aCH'Iap 44 Ko61!JlHH 290 K06HJlI!l\a 115 Ko61!JbH 292 KOB 214 KOBaK 257 KOB3HHua 118 KOBa'! 62 l(OBa'leB 295 KOBa'leBHli 112 KOBa'lHHua 163, 166 KOBepTHpaTH 354 KOBI!TJlaj 24 l(OBHTnau 61 KOBI!TJbaj 24
KOBIII1L\a 164 KOBPTJb3j 24 KOSp'laTH 326 KOBP1,l3B 254. KOB'IelKHIi 108 KorosHb 113 KO,&CHH 240 Ko,&panHja 146 KOlKap 44 KOlK3pa 48 KOlKHaT 277 KOlKHI! 259 KOlKII>aK 34 KOlKYH 196 KOlKYP 196 KOlKypa 196 KOlKypaK 30 KOlKYX 197 KOlKYXap 42 KOlKYwap 42 KOlKYwHHa 104 KOlKYwHIi 108 KOlKYWl1>8K 35 KOlK)'WIJHHa 102 KOlKyw'IHIi III KOlap 42, 45 K03apa 48 K03apal\ 52, 94 K03apa'lKH 94 KOJ3pKa 94 KOJap'laRl!H 94 K03aplJ3I!Ka 94 K03CTHHa 77 (0)K031fTH (ce) 342 K03jaK 31 ($) K03jH 292 K03na.n; 22 KOJJle 73, 145 KOl/dCTHK3 240 K03MCTH'IKH 320 KojewnpHja 83 KOKa 18 KOKaI!H 240 KOKeTCpHja 236 KOKHl\a 114 KOKH'lapHHua 164 KOKO.ll.aKaTH 327, 330 KOKOCOB 296 KOKOTaTH 332, 334 KOKOWap 46, 49 KOKOWapl!HK 162 KOKOWHH3.l.I 60
KOKOWHlhaL\ 60 KOKOWHIhH 294 KOKOtujH 292 KOKOWK3 13, 132 K,\KOWKHH 289 Ko~capa 48 KOJla6npaTI! 353 KOlIa6opaHT 225 Kona60pUL\HOHH3aM 234 Kon3lK 222 Konap 42, 44 Konap3L\ 52 KonapcBHfi 112 KonapoBHIi 112 KOna'l 63 (Hc)Kona'!I!TH 347 KOJIC6JbHB 283, 285 Kon(Hj)eBK3 135 KOJICrfljanaH 314 KOJlCrHHHL\8 123 KOnCrHl\a 123 KOnCKTHBaH 317 KOJleKTHBH38M 233 KOneKL\I!OHap 242 KOJlCH8'lKC 377 KonelllllKOJbeHH 261 KOneHI!L\a (KOJbC-) 117 KoneHoBHIi 112, 112 (4)) KoneHue 202 KoncpHK 237 KonHKH 322 (4)) KOnl!THC 246 KonHL\KO 377 KOJlHUHI! 322 KOJlH'I3K 257, 322 KOJIH'IHHa 97 KOJlH'IHI!K 157, 160 KOnl!llIaH 322 KOJlHWHH 322 (4)) KonoBolja 20 KOJlOMa3212 KOJlOHa.n;a 220 KOJIOHHjanaH 314 KonoHHjanH33M 233 KOJlOPHT 245 KOJlYM6HjaH3L\ 53 KonYM61!jau 53 KonYM6HjCKJl 300 KonyM60BcKI! 307 KOJlYHI.JI!ja 207 KOJlYT 197 KonyraTH 327
442
Tsop6a pe'lll Y caBpcMeHoM cpnCKOM je31lKY
KOlba'l 62, 69 KOJham 69 KOJhe 129 KOJhIlSO 80 KOMMaTH 326 KOMMHHa 102 KOMMHh 108 KOMMHliaK 30 KOMa~e 129 KOMaHA31lT 225, 242 KOMaIW.3HTyp3 249 KOMaH.l\HP 242 KOMaHAOB3TIl 349 KOMaHAOC 252 KOM5HHaT 226 KOM5HHal\Hja 251 KOMC,IlIIja 70 KOMCAHjaHT 225 KOMe,lllljaTH 70 KOMe.llHjallJ 69 KOMeAHjawHHIl3 166 KOMellTap 219 KOMCHTapHCaTH 219, 248, 340 KOMellTaTOp 219, 248 KOMepQHjanH30SaTH 359 KOMepUHjanHCT 244 KOMecapHjaT 227 KOMHH$OpMOBCKH 307 KOMHCHjCKH 270 ($), 300 KOMHCHOH 270 ($) KOMHCHOHH 270 ($) KOMHTeTJlHj3 145 KOMH'laH 260, 264 KOMOSHlla 120 KOMO,llllTeT 245 KOMOPHHK 157 KOMIlaKT3H 264 KOMIl3TH51lJlaH 264 KOMIleTeHT3H 316 KOMlleTeHQllja 250 KOMlljYTepam 68 KOMIljYTepll30S3TH 358 KOMlljYTepl.lHja 206 KOMIlJlCKCaH 264 KOMnJlCT3H 264 KOMnJleTHpaTH 355 KOMnJlIlKaUHja 251 KOMnJlIlMeHTHp3TH 354 KOMnOHosaTIl 349 KOMnpHMaT 226 ($) KOMnpllMHpaTIl 353
KOMnpllMOSaTll 353 KOMYHanaQ 223 KOMYHanllje 235 KOMYHap 45 KOMYHIl3aM 233 KOMYHHK3TIlBaH 317 KOMYHIlKaT0P 247 KOMYHHKaQIlj3 251 KOMYHIlKaUHoHIl 270 KOMYHIlCTIl'lKIl 321 KOMYHHl\IlpaTH 248, 353 KOMYlbapa 49 KOMYWaTll 336 KOMywllHa 104, 336 KOMllIH(j)Ka 134 KOMWHJlYK 152, 153 KOMllIHHHlla 122 KOMlliHHKa 137 KOMllIllHCKH 305 KOHa'laH 259, 261 KOHa'lllTIl 343 KOHa'lHWTe 126 KOHBeKCaH 264 KOHBeHIlHOHanaH 315 KOHBepreHTaH 316 KOHBYJl3HBaH 317 KOHfoaH31l 58 KOHroaHCKH 58 KOHrOJlelKaHHH 58 KOHfoJle358 KOHAeH33T 226 KOHACH3aTOp 247, 248 KOHACH3HP3TH 350 KOHAeH30B3TH 349 KOHAeH30p 247 KOH,llllI\llOHHpaTH 356 KOHeCKH 381 KOHlKaHllH 58 KOH3eps3TIlB3H 317 KOH3CPB3THSaQ 53 KOH3eps3rop 248 KOH3ynapHil 315 KOH3YJlaT 226 KOH3YMellT 228 KOHjyrup3TH 356 KOHKasaH 264 ,KOHKYPellT 228 KOHKYpeHQllja 250, 252 KOHKypcHIl 262 KOHOllJh3 154 KOHOIlJhaH 272 KOHOl1Jh3pKa 139
KOHOIlJheH 278 KOHOIlJhIlKa 89, 90 KOHCOHaHTIl3aM 232 KOHcTpYllcaTIl 250, 339 KOHCTpYKTIlBaH 317 KOHCTpYKTOP 247 KOHCTPYKUHja 250 KOHCyJlT3HT 224 KOHT3KTIlP3TIl 354 KOllTeCa 230 KOHTHHCHTanaH 314 KOHTpaAHKTOpaH 264 KOHTpao6aB(j)cWTajHIl 266 KOHTpapeBOJlYIlHOH3paH 316 KOllTpaCTHH 260, 260 ($) KOHTpalli 70 KOHTpona 17 KOHTpOJlHCaTH/-Hp3TH 17, 340,349 KOIlTponoBaTH 350 KOllTpOnOp 247 KOHTY30BaTH 351 KOHYC 253 KOH$epaHc(ll)je 230 KOH$eclloHanaH 3 I 5 KOH$HpMaHA 224 KOH$Y33H 264 KOH$YlllloHH3aM 234 KOH$Y'lHj3Hall 234 KOH$Y'lHjaHH3aM/KoH$YUH j3HH33M 234 KOH$Y'lHjaHcKH 234 KOH$Y'IHOHH3aM 234 KOHI\CHTpaT 226, 226 ($) KOHQeMTp3QHj3 251 KOHQeHTp3QHOHH 270 KOHQCMTpHC3TH 340 KOHQellTyanaH 315 KOHQeCHOHap 242 KOHQIl3aH 264 KOH'IaH 261. 272 KOlb3K 33 KOlbaHIlK 87 KOlb3CT 274 KOlbes 295 KOIbCTIlHa 77 KOIbHHa 101, 102 KOIbIlIi 108, 113 KOIbHI\ 113 KOlbllLla 117 KOlbll'l3K 30 KOlborojCTBo 188
PerHCTap PC'lH
\
KopHTawlle 202 KOlboKpa,o:Hua 117, 119 KOpH'IHTIl 343 KOIbCKIl 302 Kopje'laK 30 KOIbYX 163, 198 KopMHnap 45 KOlbymap 16, 42, 45 KOplba'la 67 KOlbymHlllla 16, 163 KOPlb3'lCBIlH3 99 KOlb'le 74, 204 KOPO.llHpaTH 353 KoollepaHT 225 Kopo3HBaH 317 KoollcpaTIlBaH 317 KOplleTllHa 78 KooPAIlH3rop 248 KOPTCmOB3TH 349 KOIl 214 KOpYlll\llOHaW 242 Konalb3 41 KOp'lynaH3U 58 KonalbC 8 KOp'lYJlaHHH 58, 92 KOllaOHHK 161 KopqynaHCKH 304 KOllaOHIlK 161 KOp'lYJh3HHH 92 KOllapwTllHa 210 Koeau 54 KOlla'l 63 KOca'l 63 KOI1HJl3A 22 Koca'lHlla 117 KOllllJlaH 38 KocHA5a 72 KOIlHpaTIl 354 KoclljaHa 236 KOIlHTap 42, 46 KoclljaHcp 236 KOIlKaTH 328 KocHjep 107 ($) KOIlJhaHH 272 KOCHMHlle 376 KOllJhaHHK 87 KOCHHYCOB 296 KOllJh3W 69 KOCHP 107 KOIlHeH 279 KOCHllITe 126 KOnpHBlbaK 35 KOCKa 132 KonpHBlba'la 67 KocMaj 24 KOllpoAYKIlHOHH 270 KOCMaT 276 KOll'la 17 KOCMeJh 76 KopaKHYTH 348, 372 KOCMH'lKH 321 KOp3'laj 24 KOpa'laTH 142,326,327,348 K~MoHaYTKH11>3 106 KOCHH 260 KOP3'1J1aM3 142 'KOCOS3P 46 KOpaWJIaMa 142 KocoBapK3 46 KopAYHaW 69 KocoBall 46, 52, 57 KOpeKTaH 264 KocosHj3Aa 221 KOPCKTOP 247 KOCOBHh 112 KopeKTYPa 249 KOCOSIlL\3 120 Kop(j)eIlHT 290 KOCOSK346 Kop(j)eHoBaIbC 171 KOCTa 19 KOpG)CHOBaTll 350 KOCTeJh 75 KOpeH'IHh 110 KOCTlln 109 Kop(llj)elbe 129 KOCTHH 260 KopelleTllTOp 249 KOCToJlall 52 KopeclloHAeHT ';.27 KOCTyp 196 KOpeCnOHAeHuHja 252 KOCTypHIlQa 163 KOpe'laK 30 KocypAa 197 Kopel,lHja 208 KocypHHa 103 Kop3HKaHaQ 58 Komap 44 KopllHnaHHH 93 KOTllapHIlQa 164 KOPIlCHHK 159, 160 KOTpJhajyhll 311 KoplITaHQe 202
443 KOTpJhaTH ce 311 ($) KOTyP 196 KOTypaJhKa 138 Kocj>eHH/Ka$eHH 240 Kocj>epaw/KY$eparn 68 Kocj>cp'le 204 Kocj>ep'lHHa 103 KOQK3P 42, 45, 47 KOl\K3CT 273 KOl\K3TH ee 326 KOl\KHl\a 114 KOI\OW 184 KO'l3203 KO'iaIb 41 KO'IHjaw 69 KO'lHOHH 271 KO'lHlllla 164 KO'lHH'lap 45 KO'lOllepaH 265 KOlliapa'l 63, 63 ($) KOlliapKa 132, 139 KowapKaw 68 KOlliapKawHua 116 KOWHU 113 KoWTaH 260, 271, 272 KOWTaHHl\a 123 KOWTaIb 41 KOWTYHaQ 60 KOWTYHHQa 123 KOWTYlbas 60, 256 KOlliTypa 196 KowYJhHl\a 115 KOlllYTlbaK 35 KOlllYTIbaK 35 KOW'l3H 271 KOlll'l3T 276 KOlll'lllHa 103 KOlll'lHQ3 123 KOlll'lypa 196, 197 KOW'lypHH3 103, 104 Kpasap 45 Kp3BeTIlHa 78 KpasIlH 290 KpasllH395 KpasJhIl 14, 15, 290, 292 KpasyJbHH3 104 KparyjesaQ 56 KpaAIbHSaQ 53 KP3AOM 378 KpaAoMHQe 376 Kpa.a.yI\Karn 335 Kp~a 19
444
\
\
TBop6a pe'lll y caBpeMelioM CPIlCKOM je3HKY.
Kpaj 386, 387 KpajeM 387 KpajllHa 95 KpajllIlalKpajllll3 16 Kpajll'laK 30 KpajllwKII 303 KpajllwKIla.a 106 KpajllwHHK 106, 303 KpajllwHIIKlKpajllwHHK 16 KpajllwTe 303 Kpaja.e 385 (4)) KpajlbH 293 KpaKaT 276 KpaJbeB 295 KpaJbeBaTII 349, 350 KpaJbCBau 94 KpaJbeBlIlIa 98, 99, 306 KPaJbCBll1'i 112 KpaJbeBlIua 120 KpaJbeBO 176, 381 KpaJbeBCKII 306 KpaJbeBCTBO 187, 188, 306 (4)) KpaJbeB'IaHIIH 13, 94 KPaJblll'i 109 KpaJbHua 116 KPaJbH'IIIH 289 KPaJbCKII 306 KpacKH 298 KpacHoapMejau 60 KpaCOTa 181 KpaCOTIIua 123 KpaCTaB 254 KpacTaBau 54 KpaCTa'la 66 KpacyJbaK 29 KpaTaK 256 KpaTelK 74 KpaTIITlI 344 KpaTKOBH.II.OCT 178 Kp3TKospeMeH 261 KpaTKO.llHeBIIua I I 7 KpaTKoMeTpalKHII 222 KpaTKOnpyralli 70 KpaTKOpO'laH 266 KpaTylliaH 269 KpahaTH 327 KpahYlliaH 269 KpaxHpaTH 355 KpalllK!! 14, 298 Kp6alb 41 KpsaB 254
KpBaBIITII 344, 346 Kps3sIIua 118, 120 KpsapllHa 98 KpBapllTII 346 KpBHIIK 156, 157 KpBlIlIlla 98 KpBOJIO'laH 266 KpBollllja 19 KpoonHllau 143 KpBonpoIIHhe 193 KPBUa 200 Kp.!\CJbaK 29 KpeaTlIl!aH 317 KpeaTOp 248 Kpearypa 250 KpeBCTIlU 6, 51 KpeBeTHIIHa 98 Kpc.!\IITllpaTII 354 Kpe.!\HTop 247 KPC,!\O 382 (4l) Kpe3y6H 380 KpellpaTII 353, 355 Kpeja 20 KpeKeT 77, 214 KpeKeTaB 254 KpeKeTaTH 332-334 KpeKerywa 199 KpeJle 144 KpeMeH'laK 30 KpeMeHwTaK 37 KpeMeli>e J29 KpeMe'laK 30 KpeHYT" 372 KpenaK 257 KpenKoCT 178 KpenocT 178 KpecHBo 80 KpecHYTII 373 KpeTalbe 17 J KpeTam 372 KpeTeHaCT 274 KpeTeliKa 133 KPeTeH'lHHa 102 Kpe'laHa 39 Kpe'lIlTII 342 Kpe'lHlI 254 Kpe'llbaB 254 Kpe'llbaK 35 Kpe'la.aCT 275 KPC'lOBIIT 291 KpeweBo 176 Kpeweso 176
KPCWTaS 254 KpewTaJlllua 20, 147 KPCWH:JJIIUa 148 KplKJba 18 KplKJball 254 KP)!(Jb30'lC 204 Kp311ap 44 KP3Hupllja 81, 81 (q» Kp3HeH 279 Kplll!a 380 Kpll1l3.l13K 28 KpIIB3ja 25 KpllBal~ 53 KPHS3W 68 KpIlB.!\3 73 KpHBHlIa 96 KpllBHTII 343 KPIlBIIUa 114, 118 KpllBlba 167 KP"BOKJleTIHlK 160 KPIISOKJleTCTIlO 188 KPHllopOWKa 131 KPIIBolUHjaCT 274 KPllBY.ll3B 254 KpHsY.llaTII 336 KpllByJb 195 KpHByJba 195, 380 KpllByJbaB 256 KpllByJbap 47 KpllByJbaCT 276 Kp")l(aJbKa 138 KplljYM'Iap"TH 342 KpllK 213, 214 KPHKH)'TII 372 KplfJlaqa 66 Kp"JlaW 68 KpllJlaWue 202 KpllllHH 260 KpHJlOWa 184 KpllMIIHanall. 223 KPHMllllaJJH30BaTII 359 Kp"MHllan"cT 244 KpHMllh 110 KpllMOC 253 KpHoMIIue 376 Kplloue 201 KpHcTanaH 259 KpHCTanll30BaTII 358 KpHCTaJlIICaTH 341, 358 KpllTH 170 KpllTH ce 378 KpllTII3ep 228, 357
PerHCTIlp pe'lll KPIITll311paTII 228, 357 KPIITH30BaTII 357 (4l) KpllTIIK 237, 238 KpllTHKa 239 KpHTHKHlba 43, 238 KplITIIKOBaTII 228, 357 (4l) KpIITII'IaH 260, 264 KpllTH'Iap 43, 237 KpllTll'lapKa 43. 238 KPHTCKII 304 KPll1i3llCKH 304 KplI'laTII 372 KPllwKHUa 114 KPIIWOM 378 KpKaHnyK 154 KpKaHUHja 252 (Ha)KpKa'lKe 377 KpKJbaHaU 57 KpKlIYTII 348 KplIe 145 KpJlelKlIjaHa 236 KpJlelKlljanau 59, 186 KpJlelKlljaHCTBo 186 KpM3.!\ 22 KpMaK 26 KpMa'ia 65 KpMa'lHH 290 KpMe 73 KpMeJbHB 287 KPMchIt 292 KpMH,l\6a 72 KPM'IHj3205 KplbaB 254 Kplbara 21 Kplb3.!\aK 28 KplbaTaK 28 KplbeTaK 28 KplbHTII 343 KpOaTll3aM 233 KpoaTH3HpaTH 358 KpOBlllbapa 48 KpOBIb3'1a 67 KPOBOBJbC 131 Kpoja'l 62 Kpoja'IHllua 163, 166 KpOMl1IIpa'la 65 KpOMnHpHWTe 125 KpoMnHpoB 296 KpOMl1IIpywa 199 KpoM'IlIja 205 IqJOTHTeJb
191
KPOTllTeJbCKH 301
445
KPOTKOCT 179 KpowlbaT 276 Kpnapa 49 KpnapllTII 345 KpnclK 74 KpneJb 76 KpnclI 279 Kpnelba'la 67 KplleTHHa 78 Kpnel,mja 208 KpllHTH 346 KpnJba 154 Kpn'lc 204 KpCHH 260 KpCTIlPIITII 121, 346 KpCTIlpHua 121 KpCTIl'la 66 KpCTaW 68 KpCTHHa 95 KpCTHoHHua 165 KpCTHTeJb 191 KpCTOBHHK 161 KpCTOHOCHH 259 KpcrywaU 61 KpTIIHa 96 KPTH'IHH 290 KPT"'IlbaK 35 KpYlKaH 259 KPYlKHTH 343 KpYJKllh 108 KpYJKIIHUa 162, 163 KPYllHCaTH 340 KpYHHUa 116 Kpyn3lb 40 Kpynllje 230 KpynHo3pH 261 KpynHo3pHaT 276 KpynlbaTH 326 KPYTOCT 178 KpyryJbaB 256 KpyweBJb3llllH 93 KpyWIIK 85 KpywKapa 48 KpYWKaCT 273 KpYWKOB 296 KPYWKoBaU 55, 56 KpywKoBa'13 66, 67 KPYWHH 258 KpxaK 257 KpXOTHHa 182
KpUH)'TH 348 Kp'lar 21 Itp'lCBIlIJ3 100 Kp'IIl.ll6a 72 Kp'lMap 45 \ Kpl.lanllja 145 Kpl.lanllh 109 KpWCSHT 291 KpWTCHHua 118 KpWTClbC 168 KpwhaHHH 93 mcpewHHa 104 JdiCPHH 289 JdiepKa 132 JdiepKHH 289 ,KliepKHua 114 JdIcpua 200 JdIep'lHua 114 Ky63Hall. 58 ..y6allcKII 301, 304, 322 ..y6arypa 250 K)'6HKalKa 222 IYBapHua 14, 121 K)'rllaHa 39 K)'rJlalbe 171 K)'rJlaCT 273 IYl'JlaTH ce 326 K)'rJlaw 69 tcy.!\eJbapa 48 1Y.!\(j)eJbHH 259 K)'.!\pOB 176 K)'ja 20, 200 (4l) K)'jHH 290 K)'jHa 105 K)'jYHUHja 207 tcyjYHUHHKa 137 tcyKaBaH 267 tcyKaBau 53 K)'KaBCJb 75 tcyKaBHua 121 K)'KaBII'lJIyK 153 K)'KaBWTHHa 211 K)'KaCT 273 K)'KaTH 327 K)'KIIua 114 K)'KH'laTH 326 tcyKlbaBa 21 K)'K)' 327 K)'K)'JbIlUa 123 K)'K)'MaSK3 136
KPQaT 277,312
KYKYPIlKaTltlKYKYP(llj)eKaTIl
Kpual-uo 200
327, 330
446 KyKypylKlMK 32, 36 KYKYPY3aHa 39 KYKypylHHa 95 KYKypylHillTe 125 KYKYPY3HHua 166 KYKypyJOBHHa 99 KYKYPY30BHHU8 166 KYKYTaTH 332 (MOTo)KYnTHBaTop 248 KYnTHBHCaTH 340 KYnT)'PaH 258 KYnryplLaK 32 KYny'lHTH 343 KYMa 19 KYMaillHH 70 KYMHTH 342 KYMHO 109 KYMOBaTH 350 KYMOBJbeB 297 KYMOBCKH 306 KYMCTBO 186 KYM'Ian 22 KyM'Ie 109, 204 KYH.na'lHTH 343 KYHHH 290 KYnanH11lTe 128 KYnaCT 273 KYnaTHlIO 144, 151 KYnaIIH 277 KYnBIt 54, 57 KyIleJt. 75, 76 KYnHHOB 296 KynHHoBo 176 KynHHOB'IaHHH 94 KYnHlLaK 33 KYnHTH 352 KYnnepaj 222, 223 KyIlOBaTH 352 KYnOBHH8 97, 100 KYIlOBHH 265, 26t\ KynpelllKH 298 Kynycap 46 KYnycapa 49 KYnycHHa 102 KyIlycHlIlTe 126, 128 KYIlYCOB 296 KYny11lILBK 35 KypaJKaH 262 KypBap 45 KypBCTHHa 78 KYPBHHCKH 305 KypH03HTCT 245
Perncrap pe'lH
TBop6a pe'lH y caBpeMeHoM CPIlCKOM je:JHKY KypHpKa 133 Kypja'lHHa 95 KypOlLa 177 KYP11lYMnHja 146 Kycasau 54 KYCaJb 38 KycaCT 274 KycaT 276 KYCOB 176 KycOlLa 177 KycopellaCT 274 Kycyn..a 195 KyTeILaK 29 KYTlLaK 35 KYTILH 293 KyliaHHK 122 KYliaHHH 93 KY0aHHL\a 122 KYOaHCKH 305 KyliaHCTBO 189 KyliapaK 29 KYlieBaH 267 KYliena3HTeJb 192 KYliepaK 29 KyliepHHB 103 KyliH 374 KYIiHli 109 KYIiHL\a 115 KYIiHIlI1'C 126 KyliHH 262, 267, 293 KYOILH 293 KYXHlba 195 KYL\a 200, 200 (,), 20 I KYUHH 289, 290 KYL\KapaTH 331 KYL\KaTH 328 KyL\HyTH 373 KYL\OB 176 Ky'le 134, 200 (q,). 201,
204 KY'!eHue 202 Ky'leTHHa 78 KY'IeIiH 292 KY'IHliH 108 KY'IH11lTe 78, 126 KyqKa 134, 200 (q,). 201 KY'IKCTHHa 78 Ky'IKHH 290 KY11l0BaTH 351 na6aB 255 na6aBHTH 343
naGHnaH 264 Jla6HHillTHHa 210 na60paHTKHILa 106 na6y~H
292
naBeJK 74 naBHO 108 naBHua 116 nalln..H 292, 306 naaOBCKH 306 naB'Ie 204 naraH 269 narapHja 83 naraJ(aH 269 naral{KO 377 nara'laK 257 narHTH 345 JIaryMUHja 207 n~ap 45 n~ypHHa
103
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168
447
n(Hj)eBaK 26 neBaK 32 neBaKHILa 105 neBaHTHjcKH 303 neBaHTHHau 241 JIesaHTHHKa 137 neBaHTHHCKH 303, 305 neBHCKe 133 neBHL\aln..eBHL\a 118 neBH'Iap 45 neBH'IapCTBo 186 ner 214 neranaH 314 nerano 151 n(Hj)efSTH 362 nereu.napaH 316 nerHoHap 242 nernTHMaH 264 nerHTHMaUHja 251 nerHTHMHTCT 245 nerno 151, 384 Jlerypa 250 Jle.naHB 39 Jle.napa 48 neJI,CH 279 ne.neHHK 87 ne.neHHIGl 90 ne.netLa'la 67 JleJIHTH 343
neKCHKa 219 neKCHKOH 219, 247 neKCH'IKH 219 neKTOpaT 226 neKTOpHcaTH 340 neKTypa 249 neneKaTH 327, 329, 330 nenyjall 254 neMe11l 79 neHCTBOBaTH 351 neH'IapHTHlJbeH'IapHTH 326 JleH'Ie 204 n(Hj)eH'IHHa 103 neHqyra 197 neH'Iypa 197 neH'IypHHa 104 n(Hj)eHillTHHa 211 nelLHB 283 nelLHBau 53 neILHHH3aM 233 JlelLHHHCT 243 nelLHHCKH 307 JIena 18 (q,), 380 JI(Hj)cnaK 26 nene3aH 38 nenCTaTH 333 nellojKa 138 JIenOCaBa (JbcnocaBa)
Jle~a11ll{a
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202 ne~HMHL\e 376 ne~HH 262 JleJKaj 24 JleJKaK 33 neJKaJbK8 138 JleJKalLe 171 neJKapHH8 98 neJKaTH 323, 362 neJKcliH 311 neJKeliHB 288 neJKehKe 376 neJKHKa 90 neJKHIlI1'C 126 ne36ejcKH 303 ne3GHjcKH 303 ne360c 253 JIe:Jillc 253 ne:JHJle60BHli 113 neKap 42, 45 neKapHjaln..eKapHja 82 JIeKHli 109 neKOBHT 291
18 (q,)
448
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JlHCTOM 377 JlHTaBHl.\a 120 JlHTB3H3L\ 52 JlHTCpapHH 219 JlHTCp3T(a) 219 JlHTepaT)'pa 219, 250 JlHTH 374 JlHTOlba 177 JlHTPalKa 222 JlIITPCfh3K 36 JlHTpClha'l3 67 JlH€j1epaHT 224 JlHQJT31,lHja 208 JlllxTxo$162 11HL\eM(j)epjc 129 JlHL\eHL\HjaT 227 JlHI\ellL\HH 260 JlHL\K3TH ce 328 JlH'Iall 259, 267 JlH'13HHIl 93, 94 J11lwlle 129 JlIIWl\C 201 Jl06alba 41 l106HpaTH 353 Jl06HCT 243 l106oBam 351 JlOB 214 l10B3TOP 249 110BaL\ 54 110Ba'!KH 299 nOBl!jaHa 39, 236 JlOBHHa 97 JJOBHTH 343 nOBHWTC 126 JIOBKa 135 JlOBOKPaAHU3 117, 119 JlOBOPHK389 nOBoCTaj 217 JIoBpe 74 110BCTBO 187 JIOB'ICB 295 JlOrapHT3McKH 300 JlOrapHTMap 47 JlOrHCTH'IKH 322 JlOrH'!aH 260, 319, 320 JlOrll'!KH 320 noropaw 68 JlOrOpOBaTH 350 JlOlKa'l 62 JlOlKHOHHl.\a 165 JlOlKHIlITC 126 JlOlKHH1.I3 164
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nYJlHnO 151, 152 JlYAHpaTH cc 355
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449 Jbe03K 32 JbCKap 42, 45 JhCHHB 283 Jbena 18 ($) JhCTHH 293 JhCTILH 293 JbHr3B 255 J'hHJha 18 JbHJb3H3 40 JhOCK303L\ 55 JhOCHyTH 348 JhoCHyTHlJhOCK3TfI 55 Jby63 19 Jhy6as 15 Jhy6aoHCBTH 340 Jhy630HHK 157, 158 Jby6aBHHL\a 163 Jhy6aOL\3200 Jhy633311 268 Jby63K 257 Jhy63K3TH ce 329 Jhy611M3U 53 JI,y6I1M'!C 204 Jby6HHKa 137 Jby6Hlbe 107 Jhy6HTen. 190, 191 Jhy6HTeJhHL\3 13 3 Jby6HTeJhK3 133, 192 Jhy6HIl 9, 110 Jhy6H'IaCT 274 Jby6H'!111i 109 Jhy6H'IHL\a 116 Jby6Hwa 125 Jby6Jb3H'!aHHII 94 Jhy61lyTH 373 Jhy60BU3 200 Jby60jeBIlIi 177 Jhy6oMopa 17 JhyOOnHTJbHB 287 Jhy60nHTCTBO 188 Jby6YWKH 381 JhYJlCCH Ha 104 Jhy.ltCCKapa 77 Jhy.ltHHa 101, 102 Jhy.ltHWTe 126 JhYJlOlKJl.CP 217 JhyAOlKJl.CpoB 295 Jhy.ltCKOCT 179 Jhy.ltCTBO 186 JhYJhajKa 138 JLYJLaKaTH ce 329 JhYJhaTH 329, 373
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450
PefHCTap pe·JH
Tsop5a pe'lH Y caBpeMeHOM CPIICKOM je3HKY
JbYJba'lKa 139
JbYJballlK3 5, 6, 16, 139
JbYJbK3TH 328, 336
JbyJbHyTH 373
JbYJbywKaB 254
JbYJbywKaTH ce 336
lbynKa 131
lbYII'Ie 204
JbycKap 46
lbyTa 381
JbyTHK390
JbyTHH396
JbyTlIT 290
JbyTHTH 343
JbyTHli 110, 124
JbyTHua 118
JbyrH'I 124
JbyTHyTH ce 313
JbyTlh3 161
JbyTyH 196
lbyuaJ-uo 200
lbYllla 209
JbywKaTH ce 336
JbYWTelbe 168
JbYWTH.!{6a 12
JbYWTHKa 90
JbylllTHTII 342
Jbyurrypa 196
MaraJHHap 242
MaraJHHep 229, 242
MaraJHoHap 242
MaraJHoHep 242
Marapan 22
Marape 73, 73 (tP)
MarapeHl(e 202
Marapelill 292
MarapeWTHHa 210, 211
MarapHl(3 116 (!\l)
Marap'lHHa 102
Marap'lHTH 342
MarauHHap 242
MaraullHep 229, 242
MarauHoHap 242
Mar3l(HOHep 229, 242, 356
M3ral(1I0HHpaTH 356
MarHCTpaH.!{ 224
MarHCTpaT 226
MarHCTpHpaTlI 354
Marn'laH 318
MarJlaj 25
MafJlHTII ce 343
MarnH'IaS 255
MarnH'IaCT 275
MarnOSHT 291
Ma.mylllHHa 104
MarnYIIITIlHa 211
MarHe3HjYMoB 295
MarUeTH3aM 232
MarHeTII30BaTH 358
MarHeTHCaTH 341, 358
MarHeTHT 245
MaJ1pHljaHHH 93
Maljapllua 116
MaljapoH 247
MaeU3K 253 (!\l), 269
MaJKOPeTKHlh3 101
M31a 17
M33anHua 148
Ma3ano 150
MaJaTH 328
MaJraJJHja 146
MaJrap 42, 45
MaJreTHHa 18
MaJrHua 114
MaJI'OB 116
MaJHBO 80
MaJOXH33M 233
MaJOXHCT 243
MaJOXHCTH'lKII 321
MaJyH 196
Maja 132
MajaK 112 ($)
Majel(aK 253 (!\l)
Maje'laK 253 (tP), 269
MajKa 132
MajKIIl(a 114
MajKoBllli 112
M3jMyuaCT 274
MajMYHHjan3 221
MajMYHHCaTH 339
MajMYHllua 116
MajMYHnYK 153
MajMYHcKH 302
MajMYH'!e 204
MajMYHIIITHHa 210
MajopOBHl(a 120
Majop'lHliH 111
MajCTopHja 82
MajCTopHCaTH 340
Majeropllua 116
MajCTopoBHli 112
MajCTopCTBo 186
MajywaH 269
Maj'leTHHa 78
Maj'lHH 288
Maj'lHHCKH 305
M3j'lHHCTBO 188, 189, 190
Maj'lHua 114
Maj'lypa 196
Maj'lypHH3 103
MlIKaJIo 37
MaKf.JtaHHH '3
MaKaptlll 3~, 311
MaKapTH311M 232
MaKe)l.OH3U 52
MaKe)l.Oullja 81
MaKe.l{OHCKH 300
MaKe.l{OlhaHHH 92
M3KHj3BeJlH3aM 232, 233
MaKJbalK3 222
MaKHyTH 372
MaKOB 296
MaKOBa'la 68
MaKOBHWTe 128
MaKOBlba'la 68
MaKpo6HOTCKII/-TII'lKII 300
MaKclIMoBHli III
ManapH'l3H 318
Man3XaH 269
ManaUKO 317
Mana'l3K 251
ManawaH 268
ManeH 280
ManeHKOCT 16, 180
Manel(3K 253
Manel(3H 253
Manel(KH 253 (tP)
Mane'laK 253
ManelllaH 253
Manll 381, 385
ManHraH 265
ManHHOB 296
ManHHOB3U 57
MaJ1HIb3K 33
ManHwa 125
ManHwaH 39
ManKHl(e 315·
ManKO 10, 315, 371
Mano 385
ManoBapowaHHH 93
ManorpaljaHHH 93
ManorpaljaHwTHHa 2\0
ManoKpBaH 266
ManOJleTHIIK 86
ManOneTCTBO 187
MaJ101lHTpaJKHH 222
ManOMOlKllaHH 273
MaJ10IIoc(j)e)l.HHK 160
MaJ10npeljawlhH 295
M
M3JlOyMHIlK 86
M3JlO'laWlbH 293
MaJITe)I(aHHH 93, 227
ManTepHCaTH 340
MaJ1TpeTHflllTH 356
MaJ1rylHjaH3U 59
MaJ1'laIlHH 94
Man'lHKa 89
Man'lHUe 315
M3JbaB 254
M3JbHU 113
M3Jbyra 194
M3JbywaH 269
M3M3U 54
MaMyJaTH 326
MaMypJlYK 154
M3HaCTHpHWTe 125
MaH3CTllpJlllja 145
M3HrynapHja 83
M3HrynHp3TH ce 355
MaHrylIJlYK 153
MaHryn'le 204
MaHryn'lHHa 102
MaH.l{aTap 42
MaH.l{aTOp 247, 248
M3HeBpHCaTII 340
MaHeKeHKa 133
MaHIIKep(Ka) 354
MaHIIKllpaTH 354
MaHHnynaHT 225
MaHllnynaTop 248
MaHllnyJlHCaTH 340
MaHH!\leCTaHT 225
MaHII$eCTaQHOHH 210
MaHTHj3111 68
MaHyenaH 315
MaHl,lypCKH 300
MalbaK 21
MalbHHa 96
MalbK3B 254
MalbKaTlI 329
MaOH3aM 232
MaOHCT 243
Man3l,lllja 208
Map 214
Mapa 18
MapaMHl(a 115
MapaM'Ie 204
MapacKHHo 241
MapBeHH 278, 279, 305
MapseHcKIl 305
MapBIIHcKH 305
MapSIIH'Ie 205
M3prapHH 240
M3pr1lUaJ11130B3TH 359
MaprHHaJ1Hje 235
Mape 74
MapH6op'laHHH 94
Maplljaua 40
MapHH 91, 289
MapHHana 221
MapHli 109
MapH$eTJlYK 152
MapKapHHua 164
MapKeJba 76
MapKHpaTH 355
MapKoBHli 111
MapKCH3aM 233
MapKcHCT 243
MapKCHCTH'lKH 321
MapJbHB 286
MapojeBHli 111
M3poKaHau 58
M3poKaHcKII 304
MapO'laHHH 92
MapceJLal( 52
MapceJLeJa 227
MapcHjau3U 59
MapcoB 296
MapCOBaQ 56
MapTHH 91
MapTHHoB 176
MapTOBCKH 306
MapywKa 139
MapWanaT 226
M3pWeB3TH 349
MapweBCKH 306
MapwHpam 349, 354
MapWOBaTlI 349
MacalKa 222
MacaKpHpam 354
Mac(T)aH 267
Macep 228, 230
M3cHpaTH 356
MacKapana 220
MacKllpaTH 354
MaCll3U 52
MacnHHa 95
MaCJlIIHK3 132, 137
451 MacnHUOB 296
MaCHHua 118
MacHolia 183
MaClhllKaB 255
MaCOBaH 267
MaCOBHK 88
MaCOBKa 133
Macouepllja 236
MaCT 185
MaCTHno 151
MaCTHJbaB 253, 254
MaCTHJbap 42
MaCTHOHHQa 165
MaCTHTH 342
MaTa 19
MaTe 74
MaTeMaTHKa 239
MaTeMaTHKHlba 43, 238
MaTeM3TH'lap 43
MaTeMaTH'lapKa 43, 238
M3TepeWHHa 104
M3TepHjanau 314
M3TepHjanH3aM 233
MaTepHjanHcT 244
M3TepHjanHCTII'lKII 321
MaTep"H 289
M3TepHHCKH 305
MaTepHHCTBo 188, 189
MaTepHlb1l 294
MaTepHl(a 111
MaTeplhH 293, 294
MaTellla 79
Mamjaw 69
M3THpaTH 354
MaTHU3 116
Mam'!ap 46
MaTH'!HH 290
MaTHW 125
M3TopKa 134
MaTopKo 141
MaTpHjapxaT 226
MaryH 196
MaTYPauT 224
MaTypaHTKlllba 106
Marypllp3TH 354
MaTywKa 139
Maliexa 16
MahexHHcKH 305
MaliexlIHCTBo 188, 189
MahelllHHa 104
MaliH/MaKHyrH 362, 312
MaYKaSa 21
452 M(Hj)aYKaTH 329, 330 MaqJHjaw 68 MaXaJhK3 138 MaxaTH 373 ~\aXep3j 223 M"XHHT 290 MaxHHTaTIl 327 MaXIIHTOCT 179 MaxHYTH 373 MaxoBHH399 MaXOSHHaCT 274 MaXOM 377 MaxYHapKC 46, 139 Maua 200 MauaH 38 MaUI'IH 289, 290 (o)MauIiTIl (ce) 342 MaUKaTIi 328 Ma'iaK 26, 134, 200 Ma'lSaIlHH 92, 93 Ma'lBaHKa 136 Ma'lBaHCKH 304 Ma'le 201, 204 Ma'lCllanau 143 Ma'lCSaH>e 171 Ma'ieBam ce 349, 350 Ma'iCKOBau 55 Ma'ieHue 202 Ma'leTIlHa 78 M8'1enH 292 Ma'lHHau 60 Ma'lHnH 108 Ma'ijaK 31 ($) Ma'ljll 292 Ma'iKa 134, 200 Ma'lKCTIiHa 78 Ma'lKlili 290 MauapliH 91 MauapoH 247 Mawa 209 MawaTIi ce 361 MawHHepHja 236 MaWIIHIlCT 244 MaWIIHKa 133, 137 MawHHorp3.AH>a 167 MaWHHCTBO 187 MawTap 47 MaWTapHja 83 MaWTOBHT 291 MaW'IIiHa 103, 195 MaW'lyra 195 Maw'Iypa 195, 197
PCrIlcrap pe'llf
Tsop6a pe'lM y caspCMCHOM cpnCKOM jC3HKY Malli'lypHHa II, 103, 104 Mer,lJ,aHUllja 207 MeAa 14, 18 MC,AaJhOH 247 Me,lJ,s(j)C,lJ,HK3 89 Me,lJ,B(j)eJ1Hlla 95, 102 Me,lJ,s(j)e,lJ,HIi 108 MCAB(j)e,I.lHua 134 MCAs(j)eljll 292 Me,naeljH 291 Me,lJ,CH 279 Me,lJ,eHHKa 90 MC,AelhaK 32, 37 Me,AlljcKH 303 MCJmKaMeHTOJaH 317 MC,AIIH 290 MCAHTaTlillaH 317 MC,ltIlUHHap 45 MC,!(JhHKa 90 Mc,nOBIlHa 99 MC,lJ,Olha 177 MeAYHllua 123 Meijaw 68 MeijawHHua 166 MCijawlhH 295 MeljYAPlKaBliH 266 MeIiY3B(j)c3,AaHH 273 MeijYMypje 130 Meljyp(IIj)e'lje 130 MeJeJlYK 152, 153 MeJHM'l3.A 22 M(j)C'.lHM'IC 204 MeJym,lIIja 206 MCKaH 269,271,272 MeKaxaH 272 MeKa'l 64 MeKeTIlTIl 333, 334 MeKHIhaK 37 MeKilibe 105 MCKIIW 124 MeKHyTH 348 MeKOTa 181 MeKolla 183 MeKcHKaHau 58 MeKCHKaHCKH 302, 304 MeKCH'lKH 302, 304 MeKYW 198 MeKYwaB 256 MCKywaH 269, 276 MeKywaCT 276 MeKywau 61 MeKymTso 185, 186
MCKWaTH 327 MCJlallXOJlHK 237 MCJlaHXOJlH'laH 318 MCJl6ypHWKH 299 MCJlCClnllha 106 MeJIOAIlKa 239 MCJlO,ltH'laH 318 MCJlO,ltIl'lap 238 MCJlo,ApaMaTHK3 239 MeJIO,ApaMaTH'IaH 319 MCJlO,lJ,paMCKH 319 MCJhaSa 21 MeJhaBHlla 100 MCJhHBO 80 MeM6pallo3aH 317 MCMJhIlB 281, 287 MCllcTpyanaH 3 15 MClITaJIlITCT 246 MG)clha'l63 M(j)clha'lHllua 163, 166 MClhlUeBHK 88 M(j)ep
M(j)ecrallue 202 M(j)cCTawue 202 M(j)eCTHMHue 375, 376 M(j)eCTHMH'IaH 265 M(j)CCTH'IaB 255 M(j)eCTo 386, 387 MecypKHa 103 MeTa60JlHT 245 MCTallal! 259 MCTaJlau 51 MCTaJlH3HpaTH 358 MCTaJIHIl 260 MCTaJlyprnja 234 MCTaJlypWKH 301 MeTaMopq,03a 246 MeTaHlicaTIi 339 MCTapcKIl 300 MeTa$oplI'lan 320 MeTa$OPH'IKll 320 MCTelK 75 MeTCOpliT 245 MCTHJhaB 254 MCTJla 142 MCTJlap 44 MCTJlHKa 14, 89 MCTO,AHje 84 MCTO,AHKa 239 MCTO,AHCT 243 MCTOAII'IaH 258, 320 MCTO,AH'IKH 258, 320 MCTO,ACKII 258, 320 MCToxllja 81 MCTpalKa 222 MCTpHKa 239 MCTpH'IKH 320, 321 Mehaaa 21 MexaHa 39 MexaHH33M 233 MeXaHIIJOBaTH 359 MexaHHUHCT 243 MCXaHH'Iap 237 MeXaHH'lKH 320 MeXaHUHja 207 M(j)exyp 196 M(j)exypM 108 Meua 200, 200 ($), 201 MeueHaT 225 Me'laTH 336 Me'le 200 ($), 201, 204 MC'lHIiH 108 MC'IKa 134,200 ($), 201 Me'lKap 45
M(j)ewaslllla 100 M(j)cmaHllja 82 MCWCTapl1TH 342 M(j)ewCTIlHa 78 M(j)cwHHa 101 M(j)ewHh 108 M(j)CWOBlfT 291 M(j)eWTauHII 93 MHraJlau 54, 55 MHrpaUHOHH 270 MHJallTponHja 234 ~1Ii3CpaH 264 Mllja 20 MHjaYKaTH 329 MHjosHn 112 MIiKa 132 MHKaH 38 MIiKawHII 70 MHKeTa 77 MHKH 140 MllKlIua 114, 115 MIIKpmpoHHja 234 MHlIa 18, 380 MHJlaK 33 MHJlali 38 MHJl3Hau 227 MHJlaHC3 227 MHJlaHOBall 56 MHJlaH'Ie 204 MHJlalbaHHH 227 MHJlaIi 50 MHJle 145, 73 MHJlCH 280 MIIJleHa 380 MHJlellUC 202 MIIJlCTa 77 MHJlCTHIi 109 MHJlHjap,ACp 46, 229 MllJIHKa 90 MIIJlHH 94, 289, 381 MHJlHHa 96 MHJlIIHH 94 MIIJlIIOHap 46 MHJlIIOHep 46, 228, 229 MHJIIIOH'Ie 204 MHJlHII 109 MHJlHua 118 MIIJllluajau 242 ($) MHJlHUHOHep 242 MIIJIII'IHH 289 MIfJlKa 132 MHJloje 138, 142, 176
453 MIIJlojcsllh 112 MHJlojKa 133, 138 MHJlojKa \38 MIIJlOjKO 138, 140, 142 MIlJlOM 377 MHJlocHja 178 MHJlOCP,AHHK 86 MHJlOCpljC 130 MHJlOCT 180 MHJlOCTHB 287 MHJlOCTHBaH 263 MHJloCTHja 178 MHJlOCTHlha 105 MHJlOW 183 MHJlOWeB 295 MHJlOWeBHn III, 112 MIIJlOWTa 16 MHJIYH 196 MHJlyTlIH 197,334 MHJlYW 198 MHJlywKa 139 MHJI'Ia 203 MHJI'le 204 MHJhaHOB 176,381 MHJhC 129 MIIJhOjKO 142 MHJhywaH 269 MHMIIKa 239 MHMonpoJlaJeliH 31 J MHMOXO,AchH 311 MHH,ACPJlyK 152 MHHep 228 MHHlljarypHCT 244 MHHIlMaJIaU 224 MHHHpaTH 354 MHHHCTapKa 120, 133, 139 MHIIHCTapCTBO 187 MIIHHCTpaHT 224 MHHHCTpOSlilIa 120 MHHIlIi 110 MIiHopaH 264 MlillyTalKa 222 MIIHYUII03aH 318 Mllpa 18 MHpalKUHja 208 MHpnH 267 Mllpaw'IHja 208 MHpaW'IHh III MHpilcaB 254 MllplicaTH 327, 339,
341 Mllpllwn.aB 253
\
454
TBop6a PC'lH Y caBpeMCHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY
MHpl!WIbHB 28 I, 284 MHpj3Ha 40 MHpjaHI!H 92 MHPKO 140 MHPKoBHlil!ja].la 221 MHpHolia 183 MHpoBalbe 171 MHpoBaTH 350 MHpoBHHa 99, 100 ~lHpOBHH II, 267 MHpOBlbaK 32 Ml!pOnoMaJalbc 174 MHpOCJJ3BIbCB 295 MHp'la 203 MHcao 41, 217 MHcaOH 260, 279 (cjl) MHcHoHap 242 MHCl!pKa 132 MHCJJeH 279 (cjl) MHCJleH(H) 279 MHCJlHJlau 143 MHCTepH03aH 318 MHCTHcjlHKOBaTw-HUHpaTH 360 MHCTHUH33M 232 MHCTH'laH 264 MHTa 19 MI!THHr 241 MI!THHfOBaTH 350, 351 MHTOC 252 MHTpaH3aM 232 MHTP3.fbe3aU 51 MHTP3.fbeTa 231 MHTp3.fbHpaTH 354 MHTpoBa'lKH 302 MHTpoBHua 120 MHTpOB'laHHH 94 MHTpOBUlTaK 37 MHTpOnollHja 81 MHlia 193 MHliaH 38 MHheBHIi 112 MHlioBHIi 112 MHhYH 196 MHXaHJJO 152 MHXOIba'la 66 MHXOIbWTaK 37 MHXOTa 182 MHua 200 MHU3TH 362 MHUHKa 90 MHUHh 109
MHwa 209 MI!Wap 46 MI!WeBHHa 99 MHWHH3~ 60 ~\l!wHli 108, 109 M~wHhaB 254 MHWH~a 116, 200 MHwjaK 31 (cjl) MHWjl! 292 MHWKO 140 MHWIbelbe 168, 172 MHWOBHli 112 MHllIOJJOBKa 135 MHWOIbaK 29 MHllIOILa 177 Ml!llIua 200 Mjep 214 MJJa].la 212, 380 MJla].lana4KI! 253 ~1JIa].le 73 Mna].lellC 75 MJJa].leHau 59 Mna,ncHoBau 56 MJJa].lI!li I 10 MJJa].lHlieB 295 MJla].lHIiKH 14, 298 MJJa].lOrap.nejau 60 MJJa].lOllCtlba 20 MJJa,nojKa 138 MJJa].lOCT 178, 179 MJJa].lYHau 60, 205 MJJa].lyHHUa 123 MJJa].lYH'la.n 22 MJJa].lYH'le 205 MJla~ 212, 213, 217 Mnalja 20 MJJa~all 212, 280 MJJa~apHja 83 MJJaljaxaH 269 MJJaljeH 280 MJJaJHli 108 MJJaJHl!ua 163 MJJaJlbaKl-lIClbaK 32, 35 MJJ3ICao 254 MJlaKOlb3 177 MJJaTapaTH 331, 345 MJJaTapHTH 345 MJJaTI!JJO 150 MJJaTHyTH 373 MJJ3'laH 263 MJJeBelbe 168 MJJeKap 42, 44
MJJeKapa 48 MJJCKapHI!~a
165
MJJCKal,lI!ja 208 MJJ(Hj)CKO 213 MJJ(Hj)cKue 201 MJJ(Hj)C'l 214 MJJ(Hj)e'l 213 MJJe'laHI!Il 93 MJJe411Kap 42 MJJe'lHKC 89
Mne4HIi 109 MJlHBO 80 MJJHjC4 212 MJlHHap 45 MJlI!Tao 255 MJJHTaBKO 141 MJJOXaB 255 MIbaUKaTH 329 MIbaUHyTl! 372 MJbeKap 42 MIl(Hj)elbc 168 MHor060llCau 51 MHOro60WTBO 188 MHoroBu)cKoBaH 259 MHorOllCeHCTBO 188 MHor03Hanau 144 MHOroIby.naH 266 MHor04aCOBHH 259 (y)MHollCeHHK 86 MHOllCeibe 171 MHOllCeCTBO 185 MHOllCHJlau 144 MHOllCHHa 95, 97 MHOllCHTeIb 191
MH03HHa 95 MHOWTBO 185, 188 Mlbelbe 168, 175 M06a 70 M06HJJHCBTH 341 Moryli I 8 I, 263, 309 MoryliaH 181, 263 MoryliHoCT 181, 263 MoryliCTBo 187 MOJlenap 45 MOJ.leJJapCTBO 187 Mo.neJlI!P3TH 354 Mo.nepaH 265 Mo.nepHH3aM 233 Mo.nepHI!30BaTH 359 MO.nePflHCT 244 MO.nHCKHIb3 106, 107 MOJlHCTepaj 223
I i
Perl!CTap pe'll! MOJ.lHqlHKaul!ja 251 MOJ.lHcjlI!KOBaTl! 360 MOJ.lpaCT 274 MOJ.lPCHHU3 122 MOJ.lPeTH 337 MOJlPl!K3B 255 MOJ.lpI!KaCT 255, 275 MOJ.lpl!ua 118 MO.nPH'lao 255 Mo.npH'laCT 275 MOJlPYIb 195 MOJ.lPY.fbaB 256 Mo.npYIbaCT 276 Mo.npyw 198 Mo.npywaCT 276 Mo.npywKaCT 276 MO.nyC 253 MOlKJ13HH 271, 272 M03raTH 326 M03rHIi 108 MojallI 69 MojcHjeB3[{ 56 MOjCHjcBCKH 307 MOjCKH 303 MOKpaila 50 MOKpeibe 171 Mon63 70, 71 MOJJ6eH 279 Mon6eHH II, 12,281 MOJl6eHHUa 122 MOJJeKynapao 315 MonenCTBHje 84 MOJJep 228 MOJlepaj 223 MOJlepHcaTH 340 MoneliHB 288 MOnH6J.leHHT 245 MOJJHJlau 143, 192 MOJJHTBa 73 MOJJHTBeH 279, 281 MOJlHTBeHHK 87 MOJlI!TeIb 191 MOJJI!TCIbICa 192 MOJJOBaTII 351 MOIb3KaTII 329 MOMa 19 MOMaK 26 MOM3'lKH 302, 308 MOMaWTBO 185 MOMeHTBJIaH 264 (cjl) MOMeHTaH 264 MOMKOB 302
MOMKOB3T1i 350 MOM'la].l22 MOM'la].ll!ja 82 MOM'le 204 MOM'lCKalba 75 MOM'lI!JJO 152 MOM41!Ha 101 (cjl), 102 MOM'lI!TH ce 342 MOM4Hli 108 MOM'lHIiH 108 MOM4YIbaK 29 MOM'lYPaK 30 MOHapxllja 234 MOHapxHCT 243 MOHaxHlba 10, 105 MOHrOJJl!ja 235 MOHeTapHCT 244 MOHeTapHH 315 MOHOnOJlHC3TH 341 MOHOnOJJHCT 244 MOHOTOH 264 MOHoToHHja 235 MOHCTpy03ao 318 MOHTallC3222 MOHTalICep 229 MOHTep 228 MOHTlipam 356 MopaBa 21 MopaBcKa 303 MOpanaH 262 MopanH3Hpantl-oB3TH 341 MOpanH30BaTII 359 MOpanHC3TH 341 MOPaJIHCT 243 Mopalbe 170 (q,) MOpaTI! 170 (cjl) MopennoBCTBO 188 MopHja 82 MopHap 43, 44 MopHapHua 117 MOpcjll!l!l!CT 243 MOpcjlOJJOWICH 300 MoeKOB 93, 176 MocKoBIbaHHH 93 MOCKOBCKI! 93 MocTapau 52 MOCT3pl!Ha 95, 98 MOCTHIi 108, 324 MOCT06pao 217 MOCTOBHH 261 MOTHBHC3TH 340 MOTH'lHWTe 125
455 Mona 135 MOTOBHJJO 16 MOroPl!30BaTH 358
MOroPI!CT 244
MOTOUHKJIHCT 244 MOn 217 Molill 170 MOMIIK 85, 156 Moua/-uo 200 MOWTaHHua 122 MpaoHH3U 60
MpaBI1Ib3K 32, 37 MpaoHlbam 336 MpaoHlbau 60 MpaoHIbH 37, 294 MpaoHli 108 MpaBIbl! 37, 291, 292 MpaoyIbaK 29 MPaJOB 296 MpaMopaH 259 Mpa'laH 259 Mpa4lbaK 30, 32 MpBH'laK 30, 386 MpellC3UHja 208 MpellClba4a 67 MpeCTIIJIHWTe 128 Mp(Hj)em 170 MpllClba 167 Mp33K 257 MP30)eTII 171 Mp3HTCIb 191 Mp30BOn,aH 266 Mp30CT 178, 180 MpK3.fb 38 MpKHyTH 348
MPKOB 116 NpKOfJJe~a 20 MpKOJlaCT 215 MPKOTa 182 MPKYIb 195 MpKYIba 195 MPKYw3199 MpKYwaCT 276 MpMoIbaK 29 MplbaYKaTH 329 MpTaB 255 MpTBaK 32 MpTBaU 61, 346 NpTB34HH3 101 MpTBa'lHHua 162, 163, 166 MPTBHjaT 277 MpTBHK 85
456
TBop6a PC'lI! y caapCMCHOM CpnCl(OM jC'3HKY
MpTBHno 152 MpTaOpO~eH'lC
205
MpTBOCaTH 332 Mp'l'ay./hB 195 MPTByJbBIl 256 Mpl\BapluH cc 346 Mpllla 18 MplllaB 255 MplllaBHTH 344 MplllaBKo !41 MplllaaYlllaH 269 MplllTClhC 168 Mpllly./haa 256 MyaaTH 371, 373 MYBaTop 249 MYBeTHHa 78 MyBJbll 292 MYAolha 177 MYApal\ 61 MYAPHjatl 84 MYApHjalll 70 MYApHjalllHTH 342 MYAplljalllHHl\a 166 MYAplI'lHHa 103 MYlipoBaTH 351 MYAPOCT 178 MylKa 19 MYlKaHcTBo 189 MYlKcBaH 267 MYlKeB./hCB 297 MYlKeBJbIl 292, 297 MYlKesllocT 179 MYlKjaK 31, 33 MY3apa 49 MY3CaJlal\ 223 My3eanHjc 224 MY3elbc 168 My3HKa 239 MY3HKanaH 314 My311KaJlHje 224 MY31lKallT 225 My31l./ha 155 My3HIl.IlpaTH 353 My3H'lap 237 My31l'lKH 314 Myja 20 Myjo 131 MYK 214 MYKaTH 329 MYKTaultj3 208 MYKTaW 70 Mynal\ 51
MynrunonapaH 266 MYMHI\>HKoBaTH/-Hl\HpaTH (cc) 360 MYHtjapow 184 M)'HYTH 373 MYlbcaHT 291
Myp,/.\apnyK 153 Myp,/.\apYllla 198 MycaB 255 MycKyIlarypa 250 MycKyn03aH 317 MYCIlHMaHKa 133 MYTHTH 328 MYT./har 21 MYTlhllKaB 255 MyliKapow 184 MyliKaTH 328 MynHYTH 372 MYcPTaUlija 208 My
MYlIlKHn 108, 110 Mywlw6alha 16, 49
MYlllryJlYfl,lHja 208 MylllrynyK 152
MYlIlrynYK'lHja 208
lIa6aUKa 134 Ha6aaJbB'l 63
Ha6HjU'la 65
Ha60j 214
Hu6oKOllJhCaCKH 308
na60paTH 328
Ha6pajaTH 362
Ha6yj3IlH 384
Ha6ycHT 290
HaSaJleHTaH 3 16
lIaB3IlHl\C 375
HaBaJlHH 265
HaBa./hHBaTH 368
113BCCTH 371
lIaBHraTop 248
HaBHral\Hja 249
lIaBHral\1l0llH 27Q
lIaSIlKaB3TH 365
113BHJbaK 26
HaSJlaK3 16
HaanaKa'la 65
H3BllaKYlIla 199
HaaoAaUllj3 207
1131l01laUIICaTl! 340
HaBOlllITH 371
lIaBOllHHK 159, 160
113BOJJ,HIlTIt 345
HaBoj 214 HaSpTKa 135 HaBpx 386 HaralhaTH cc 363 1I3rB3lKlIUIlO 150 UarHlhaTIl 337, 362 lIarJlaSU'lKe 377 H3maC3K 25 HarJlHTH 344 HarHaTH 371 n3rHYTII 362 HaroB(j)eWTaj 23 naroA6a 71 HaroH 215 HarOpeTHlia 78 HarOTa 181 Harpatle 56 H3rpallcaTH 339 HarpH33TIt 361
PCrHCTap PC'lH HarpHCTH 361 HMla 17 HaAaxlIylie 193 Ha,JI.BXlbHsaTH 368 Ha,JI.6HcKynHja 81 lla,JI.BHCHll3TH 367 (I\» H3ABHlIlaBaTH 367 (I\» II3,!lBOftHH 266 HaABOlKlhaK 35, 36 lIa,J1.rnaC3BaTH 364 ItaArpo6HHK 86 Ha,JI.(Hj)ea3TIl 324, 367 lla,JI.(j)eHYTH 324, 367 lIa,J1.3HtjHBaTH 368 Ha.Il30p 214, 215 lla.ll30pHHK 157, 159 Ha,JI.HMaK 26, 27 HaAHMalLC 171 Ha,JI.HMaTH 362 Ha./lHpylili 31 0 Ha,u,narHsaTH ce 368 HaM3KTIIl\a I17 HatlJIClllTBO 188 HaliMYlIPIIBaTH 368 Ha,JI.MYAPHTH 345 lIallH3ll1l0HaJlaH 315 HallHIIl\a 117 Ha./lHIl'i3p 45 lIa,J1.orpa.lllha 167 Ha.IlOKlIagllsaTH 368 Ha.IlOMjCCTaK 27 lIa,J1.01llnH 384 Ha,JI.palKaj 23 HaACTpclIlHIll\a 162, 164 IIBl1YBCH 281 HBlIYaeHKo 141 Ha./lYTIl 362 lIa.1lYTOCT 179 Hatja 20 HaeneKTpllCaTII 341 HaJa,JI.aK 27 Ha3a,J1.aH 265 lla3a,J1.0aaTII 351 Ha3apCH 59 Ha3apcH3ll 59 Ha3apcllau 59 Ha3apcliaHIIH 59, 93 Ha3aTKe 377 11a3l1paBIITI! 345 Ha3ApaBJbaTH 361 lla3e6215 Ha3c6ao 41
m13Ha 215 Ha3HMa,JI. 22 Ha3HM'lC 204 H33Hp3ru 362 HaJlla'IHB3ru 365 Ila3H3'lHTH 365 lIa30p 214 Ha3pCTH 362 Ha3yaaTH 371 H33yn'!aTH 328 HalYTH 371 HaHBKO 141 HBHBHOCT 179 naHB'lHHa 101-103 HaH3rIlCA 386 HaH3M(j)clIH'laH 265, 269 lIaIl3M(j)eHl\C 375 lIaja 20 HajaM 214 lIajaMIIHK 86 HajaMHIlHa 98 HajKc 133 (
457 HaMHCaO 217
lIaMOTaj 24
IIBMOrylbaK 29
HaMpwTcHKO 141
HaMliopaCT 274
lIaHona'!a 66 HallOC 216
Hao6pa36a 71
HaOKO 290
HaOna'lKC 376
Hao'lapc 47
HaO'lapH 44, 47
HaO'lapKa 132
HaO'!H 290
lIaO'lHT 290
lIana.ll 215
Hana.llaj 24
Hana.lla'l 62, 63
HanajaTH 362
HanaCaTII 361
HallaCT 217
lIanaCTBOB3TH 349
HanaCTH, lIanaceM 361
nailaCTOBaTH 349
H3neTOCT 179
HanHjaru 363
HanHTaK 26, 28
lIallnaBHHa 97
HallnaTHB 284
lIanOneOHOBCKIl 307
lIallonCOHCKH 307
HallOJIHrdll3ll 52
n31l0IlIll\a 117 HallOnll'lap 45 lIanOMeUa 16 HanOH 214 HanpacHT 290 HanpcrllYTH 362 HanpeliaK 27 HanpclIaH 265 HanpellOJlaTIl 351 Hanpc3aTH 362 HanpcnHHa 97 HanpCTaK 26 HanPTIh3'la 67 HanYKJlHUa 97 HapasoY'lCIIHjc 84 HapBMaK 26 HapaMCHHl\a 117 HapaH'!a,JI.alHapaHualia 220 llapalluaCT 274 HapaCTaTH 369
\
Tllop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMenOM cpnCKOM je3HKY
458 1l3PaTHS3H
317
HapaTOp 248, 249
HapauHja 249
HapawTaj 23
HapawliHllaTH 369
Hape.n:6a 71
uapc)UtHK 158, 159
HapC~ClI>c 174
HapHKa'la 65
HapHUaJhKa 138
110
HapKoJa 246
HapKoc 252
HaporywHTH ce 347
Hapo.n: 216
Hapo.n:HH 262
Hapo.n:lI>aK 32
Hapo.n:IhH 293
Hapo.n:cKH 301
HapO'IHT 290
HapyKBHl.\a 16
HapY'laj 24
Hapy'lHllau 143
Hapy'lje 24, 130
Hapyu5eHHua 122
Hapyu6HHa 98
HapywaBaTH 364
HapYlllHBa'l 64
HapYlllHllau 143
HapylllHTelh 191
HapUH3aM 233 (~)
HapUHcH3aM 233
HaCeJbe 130
HaCeJbeHHK 86
Haceo6HHa 98
HaCHJJalI 266
HaCHllHHK 85
HaCHlhe 129
HacnalhaTH 362
HaCllalha'i 61 (~)
HaclIe.n:awHaCJbe.n:aH 265
HaCne.1l,l!HK 159
HaClIe.n:CTBO 189
HaClle~e 130
HaCllOH.a'l 61, 61 (~), 63
HaCnOH.a'la 61 (~), 65
HacnyllHBaTH 368
HacMejall 384
HBCMPT 386
HacnpaMHH 266
HacpHyTH 372
HaCpTaj 23
H3CpTaTH
372
HaCpTJbHB 282, 285
HaCTaBaK 25
HaCTaB.IblI'I· 63
HaCTaBHHK 15\
HaCTaBHHua 11 ,
HaCTajaTH 363
HaCTaM6a 71
HaCTaHaK 25
HaCTOjHHK 160
HaCTpaHOCT 178
HaCTpeWHHUa 164
HaCTY" 215
HaCTynajyliH 311
HacyMl.\c 375
HacynpOTaH 266
Han 18
HaTaKapHTIt 346
Huarna 209
HaTera'la 65
HaTCrJbaj 24
HUHKa'l62
HaTHKa'la 65
Hll1je'laj 24
HaTKpHllHTH 345
HaTMypeHKO 141
HaTOBCKH 307
HaTparnKc 376
HaTpHjYMoB 295
HaTYPaJIHCTH'IKH 321
HawaTH 361
HaliH 371
HayJHa'iHue 375
HayK 213
HayMHTH 345
HaYCHHua 117
HaYQHHK 156, 157
HaywHHK 160
Ha!\>TaUHja 208
Ha~w 69
Ha!\>TeH 305
Ha!\>TeHH 289
Haq,TeHcKH 305
Ha!\>THH 289, 305
Ha~THH 289, 305
Ha!\>ToBo.n: 217
HaxO.n: 216
HaxO'l3.ll: 22
HaxO'lC 203, 204
HBUHOHaJlaH 315
HBUHOHaIlH3aM 233
Hal.\HOHaJlHCT 244
HaUHOHaJlHCTH'lKH
PefHCTap pe'lH
321
HaUHCTH'IKH 321
Ha'iellHHK 160
Ha'iellHHKOBHl.\a 120
lla'leJICTSO 187
HawHjeHau 59
HaWHIIal.\ 59, 137
HalilHIlKa 137
HalllHHCKH 305, 306
HaWKH 298, 303, 306
He6eCKH 298
HefiecHH 262
IIc60jwa 209
He60jwa 209
He6Yllo3a 246
Hella 18
HeSaJhaJJau 143
HCllaJbaJJCTSO 187
HellaJhaJJWTHHa 211
HeSaCnHTalhe 175
HeBeHa 18
HeB(j)epHja 81
HeB(j)epHua 117
Hes(j)epoBaTHolia 183
Hell(j)epCTBo 187, 188
HCBCCHIhC 107
Hcs(j)eCTHHcKH 305
HesH.n:(j)ellHl.\a 124, 148
HeSH.Il:HW 124
HCBHHawuc 202
HCB1I8.Il:HH 290
HCllOJbB 19
HCBOJbHHK 85
HcraTHsaH 317
HeranlBau 53
HeraTHBH3aM 233
HcraUHja 251
Her.n:alhH 294
HerHpaTH 355
HerOTHH3U 52, 59
Herow 183
He.n:afla 192
He.n:(j)CJbKO 141
HC.n:(j)CJbHH 262
Hc.n:(j)eJbHHK 86
HC.n:HPHyT 383
He.n:HlieBwTHHa 211
He.n:o.n:HpJbHB 285
He.n:o~Hja 82
He.n:OKa3HB 285
He.n:oKY'lHB 285
He.n:OHOlll'l8.ll: 22
He.n:OHOlll'le 205
He.n:on8.ll:all>e 174
He.n:onYCTHll 281, 284, 285
He.n:OCTaTaK 27
Hc.n:oTYnasaH 267
Hc~a 20
He~o 131
HeeKCnllO.ll:HpaH 384
HC3afiopaBaK 26
HC3a6opaBaH 266
HC3a.n:OBOlhHHK 86
He3a.n:OllOJbCTBO 187
He3B.n:plKHs 283-285
He3ajall(JbHB 282, 284
He3ajB3HB 282
He3aMHClIHll 281, 283, 285
He3aM(j)eHlhHB 283, 284
He3aCHTaH 266
He3ayCTallJbHB 283, 284
He3aXllaJIHHK 86'
He3110fiHB 283, 286
He3Ha5011(BU 51
He3Ha50WTllo 188
He3H8.Il:OWa 184
He3Hajllla 209
He3HaJJa'lKH 301
He3HaJlawTllO 188
He3HaJlHua 147
He3HalIau 53
He3HaHKa 137
HC3Halhe 174
HeH36(j)Cll(aH 266
HCH3fipHCHB 285
HCH3BO.n:(Jb)HB 283
HCH3roBop(Jb)HB 283
HeH3.n:plKJLHB 283, 286
HeH3M(j)epaH 266
HeH3peUHB 285
HeHMaWTHHa 211
HCHCl.\pnaH 266
HCjaK 213
Hcja'l 212, 213, 217
Heja'laK 257
Hejewa 209
HeK8.Il:alhH 294
HeKOllHI.\HHa 95, 97
HeKOWIhH 294
HeKpCTHHHa 98
HeKTapHHa 240
Hellaro.n:HOCT 179
Helle 145
HeMalhC 175
HeMapHlil 124
HeMa'iKa 303
HeMaWTHHa 21 I
HeM(j)epHll 283
HeMHllHUC 375
HCMHP 108
HeMHpKo 141
HCMHPllYK 154
HCMHl.\a 116
HCMorowa 184
HeMoryli 181, 263, 309
HeMoryliaH 181, 263
HeMoryliHHjH 263
HeMoryliHocT 181
HeMoli 217
HeM'I8.Il:Hja 82
HeMWTHHa 210
HeH8.Il:HIi 109
HeH3.Il:MawaH 266
HeH8.Il:OKHaMS 285
He06B3pHB 286
HeOOoPHB 285
HconojHB 285
HeOAJIOll(aH 265, 266
HCO.n:OJbHB 285
HCO.n:pll(Hll 281, 285
HCOllHTHK 237
HeOHKa 133
HeOnB3HB 281
HeOnB3HUC 375
HeORaCHB 284
Heon03HB 285
HconopeUHB 284
HeonpaHKO 141
HeOCTBap(Jb)HB 283
HeorecaHau 53
HeOTeCaHOCT 179
HCOTlUIOIhHB 281
HcouG)elhHll 285
HCn8lKJbHB 281, 286
HenaJIall 52
HeflJlaTHWa 125
HeJUJalimc 175
Heno6(j)e.n:HB 285
HenoB(j)epClI>e 175
HenosG)epJbHB 286
HenorpewHB 285
HenOAonWTHHa 209
Hen03HaBme 174
HcnojMHB 283
HenojMJbHB 283
HcnOicollefi(Jb)HB 285
459 HenoMeHywe 199
HenOMHpJbHB 286
HenonpaBlhHll 285
HenocnywKo 141
HenQCTojall>e 174
HenOWTOBall>e 174
HenpaSC.1l,lIHK 86
HenpeBo.n:(Jb)HB 283, 285
Henperlle.n:aH 266
HenpeMocTHB 285
HenpeCTaH 273
HcnpeCTaHue 375
HcnpcCyWaH 266
HenpHjaTeJb 191
HcupHjaTelhCTllo 186
HcnpHHUHnHjellalt 314
HcnpHXSaTall>e 175
HenpOMO'lHS 285
Henpou(j)elhHB 281, 285
Hcnue 202
Hen'laHH 272
HepaBHHHa 96
HepaMH 91
HepB3.n:BojaH 266
HepB3l1Y'fHB 285
HepB3MpcHB 284
Hepa3YM(Hj)eBme 174
HepalhHB 285
HepacKHJ.\HB 284
HepacnollolKelhe 175
HepBaTYpa 250
HepBHpaTH 355
HeplloJa 246, 318
HepBo3aH 317
Hep~ajyliH 311
HepeTBaHHH 92
HCpeTBaHcKH 304
HepeTaJballHH 94
HepeTJbaHHH 92, 93
HepoTKHlha 107
HCCaJIOM(Jb)HB 283, 284
HecaHHua 117, 162
HCCBaKH.n:aIhH 294
HCCBG)eCTHUa 117
HeCJJaralhe 174
HCCMOTpClhaK 32
HCCHocaH 266
HccnaBalhe 174
HecnojHB 285
Hecnocofilh3K 112
Hecnoc06lhaKoBHIi 112
HeCnpeTlhaK 32
460 HCCnpeTlb3KOBHIi 112 HecpeliKo 141 HccpeliKoBHti 112 HecpetiHIIK 86 HecpcliHHKoBllti 112 HecnjaTH 363 HecTaJlH 381 HeCT3HaK 25 HeCTawaH 268 ueCTaWJlYK 154 HeCTaWTBO 187 HeCTpnJbHB 286 HecTpY'IlI>aK 32 HCCXBaTalbe 174 HeTparoM 378 neTPeMHl.{e 375 HeliaK 31 lIetiaK3 19 HenaKlllba 105 ueyracIIB 285 HeyrywHB 284 HeYKocT 178 lleYKpoTHS 283, 284 HeYKpoTJbHB 283 HeYMHTaH 266 HeYMOJbHB 281, 285 HeyMPJlII 383 ueYllHwTIIB 282, 285 HeynopeAIIB 284 HeypaCTeHIIK 237 HeypaCTeHII'IaH 318 HeypacTeHH'Iap 238 Heypa'lyHJbHB 285 Heyp03a 246 HeypoH 246 lIeypOTHK 43, 237 HeypoTH'IaH 318 HeypoTII'Iap 43, 238 Heycneo 383 HeycTpalllHs 285 HeYT(j)ewaH 266 HeyrpaJIH30BaTH 341 HeyrpaJlHCaTH 341 HeyrpHHo 241 HeyrpoH 246 He;(OTe 375 He;(OTlIl.{e 375 HeXOTII'IaH 265 HexT(j)ellla 209 Hel.{ai-I.{o 200 He'laCTHB 286 He'lHCT 217
Tsop6a pe'lll Y caBpeMcflOM cpnCKOM jC311KY 1te'loB(j)eIlJTBO 186 HC'IOSeWTSO 185 Hema 209 HeIllTeAHMUI~e 376 IlHrJ\HH398 HlIlKe 387 HHl214 HII3aK 256 HII3aTII 327 IiH36pJ\HT 290 HH3BOAall 266 HH311ja 82 HII3HH396 HlljaHcHp3TH 354 HlljeK3TII 329 HlljeMjeTH 337 HHKH 140 HHKIleH 279 IIHKHYTII/HIlIiH 372, 375 HHKOroBII/\ 113 HllKoJla 19 HHKoJlali 50 HHKOJleTHHa 79 HIIKoJlHja 82 HHKOJlHH 289 HHKOJlllti 109 HHKon'la 203 IlHKOJbWTaK 37 HHKlIla 209 HHKWII/\aHHH 93 HHKlIllltiKII 298 HHMcpeT3231 HHMqlHti 110 HIIMcpoMaHKa 133 HHHl)a 206 HllcKorpa.D,ll>a 167 HIICKOTHpa)l{HH 266 HHTKOS 176 HIITKOBllYK 153 HIlIiH 362 HHQaTH 362, 372 HIIQe 375 HH'IeaHall 58 HH'IeaHCKH 304 HH'IeH3aM 232 HH'!HQe 375 HlIl)a 205 HHwaBa 21 HHIIl3HHTH 343 HlIlIlaHl)lIja 207 HlIlIleBJb3HIIH 16, 93 HIIWKII 298
HIIWJlllj3 93, 146 HHlUIJIIGlK3 134
HlIlIlTllB 255, 263
flHuITasall 255, 263, 267,
322 \
HHWTaSII'110 152
HHwT3pHja 83
HIlWTlIlla 119
1l06eli0llaQ 9, 56
H06CJloBKa 136
H06CJ10BCKH 307
1I06ncca 230
lIoBajllllja 146
HOBaK 32
HOBaK 32
HOBaTOp 248 HOUelleTa 231
1I0BcllllcT(a) 240
HOBCJlIICTHKa 240 HOBII 381 1I01lllHa 97 1I0sIIHap 45 HOlIlIHap'lHti J II 1I0BHHe 97 1l0BIIHCTBO 187, 190 HOSIITCT 245 HOBJbaHIIH 13, 93 HOBJballCKH 13, 304 1l0BoBG)eKoBaH 259, 268 HOBOJ\OlllaSlUII 278, 382 HOBOJ\OIllJllIl.{a 118 /:loB03eJlaHljaHHII 93 HOBon33apJlHja 146 HOBopogeH'IaA 22 HOBopoljcH'Ie 205 HosocagallHH 93 HOBOCT 180 HOBOTapHja 83 HOBOIllC;(epJbaIlHH 94 HOBI~aT 12, 312 HOBQHjaT 313 1I0BllHT 313 HOB'IaH 259, 271 HOS'IaHII 271, 272 HOS'IaHIIK 87 HOS'IHIi 109 HOraBHl.{a 121 Horape 47 1l0rapH 47 HoraT 276 HOraTaTlI 333 HOreTlIHa 78
PernCTap pe'lH HorHQa 114 1I0)l{CKa1l>375 HO)l(eTllna 15, 78, 197 HO)l{lIl.{a 15, 113, 114 HO)l{IIH 15,259 HOlKYPJ\a 15, 76, 103, 197 1l0)l{ypHHa 103 HOJApBa 72 HojescKH 306 HojQa 200 HOKaYTep 229 HOKaYTllpaTII 355 HOHeT 230 HOHlIlaJIaHTaH 315 HOHlIJaJlaHL\Hja 252 HopBc)I(aHHH 93 HopBelllKH 298 HOPAHjau 52 HOPAlljCKH 301, 303 HOPMaJI311 314 HOPMaJlH30BaTH 359 HopMaTIISaH 317 HOpMllpaTH 354 lIopMllpaQ 54 HocaT 276 1l0CaTH 326, 363 HOCa'l 63, 142 HOCeKall>a 75 Hoceti 309 1I0cehit 309 HOCIIJl3.l{ 56, 142-144, 191 HOCIIJbKa 139 HOCHHa 102 HOCHTCJb 191 HOCHTH 363, 371 HOCHh 108 HOCHH 262 HOCHHlla 163 HOCOlba 177 HOCTanrH'!aH 318, 320 HOCTaJlrll'lap 238 HOCTPllCPHKOB3TH 360 HocYJbaK 29 Honp 42 HOTeW'lHti III Holiac 374 Holiawlbll 293, 295 HOtiHB3TII 325 HonHTH 343 HotillwTe 126 Holillll
262
Hon06AHja 20
Holiy 378 HoliypaK 30 Holil.{a 200 Howa 209 Howelbe 171 HOWlba 167, 171 Hy6HjCKII 300 HYAltJb3154 HYAIICTII'IKII 321 HYAIICTKlllba I 06 H~aH 260 HY)l{)I.aH 260 H~HHK 158 HYKIlcapaH 316 HYKIleapKa 133 IlYKIleyc 253 HYMHlMaTHKa 239 IIYMII3MaTII'I3p 239 HYHI.{IIj3TYpa 250 HYTKaTH 328 HywHliescKH 306, 307 lbaKaTH 329 J:herolll 183 lberoweBcKH 307 Iberowlljalla 236 J:herylll 198 1b0KaJlHQa 148 J:hyjop'laHIIH 93 lbyjOPIllKH 298 Ibyx 213 IbYlUKaJlO 149 (cp), 150 IbYWKaTH 328, 371 IbYWKHl.{a 114 06asC3yjylill 311 o6aB(Hj)eCT 185, 217 06aB(j)clIlT3j3.l{ 53 06aB(j)elllTClbe 174 0633PHB 285 063MPJlOCT 179 06acjaBaTH 364 06BC3HHK 85 06Be3HlIl.{a 164 06AaHHllITc 127 06AapIITH 345 06(j)eAOBaTH 350 06C3BP(Hj)eAHTH 345 06ene)l(asaTII 364 06ene)l(je 130 o6epY'lKe 376 06eliasajyhit 311
461 06elialbe 172
06(j)ewclbaK 32, 35
06(j)ewelbaKJlYK 153
06ewTeticlbc 173
063Hp 214
063HaHHTH 345
061111 276
06H11aJaK 25
061U133HTII 371
06H11a311111.{a J64
061UlaT 276
06IUlHlicBCKH 307
06HIIOBaTH 351
06HJbC 129
06IUbc)I(jc 130 0611MIIOCT 179
06HTaBaJlHWTe 128
0611/\11 371 0611'1aj 23 06jaSJbllSalbC 175 06jacHHTH 345 06jallllbelbe 174 06jawlbHs 281, 282, 284 06jeKaTCKH 300 06jeKTHsaH 317 06j~HTII 345 06naKoAep 217 06J1aCT 275 06J1a'laK 26 o6na'!aH 262 06J1a'lllJb3 154 o6na'lHlla 102 o6na'll!TH 371 06J1a'lje 129 06Jla'lYJbaK 29 06J1HKOBaTH 350 06J1Hlla 96 06J1HQa 118 06J1H'IaCT 275 06J1H'Ije 129 06J1HW 124 06J1or 216 06J10MOBCKH 307 06noMoBwTIIHa 210 06nyraK 28 06M31bHBaTII 368 06H3lUbaTH 362 06HalKl!TH 345 06HOSHTCJb 191 06HOBHTCJbCKH 301 061l0BHTH 345 o6olKaaanau 143
462
Tsop6a PC'IU y caBpCMCIlOM cpnCKOM jC3UKY
06olKaBaTeJhKaI-Hua 192 060llCT 243 060n(Hj)cBaTH 367 060ncnH 381, 383 \ 060neu,el06oJhcu,e 168, 169, 280 060JhCSaTH 367 (Q» 060Jheu,e 174 060JhCTU 337 060puHa 97 06pa.n;a 212 06pa.n;uB 281 06p3,l.lHHKa 138 06pa3HHa 95 06pa3HIi 108 06pa3JlOlKeu,e 174 06pa3JlolKHTH 345 06pa3oBau,e 171 06pa30BHH 268 06paw'luli 110 06pBa 73 06peHuja 82 06peHOBal.\ 56 o6pCTeHHjc 84 06PHYTH 372 06pOHaK 25 06pTaj 23 06pTaTU 372 06py6216 06pYlllaBajyliH 311 o6YBaTu 371 06y.n;osjeTH 337 06YTH 371 06yl\a 20, 192 06yl\ap 44 06yl\H 311 OllllMOllllbH 294 Oa,n;awU,H 295 OB.u.CHa 374 oBHjywa 199 OBHTaK 27 oBnlllKHBa'l64 oBJIawlieu,e 174 OBHOBCKH 306 OBHyjCKH 304 OBOroJ1HlllU,U 293 OBOnHKa'lKH 308 OBOJIHI.\KH 322, 377 OSOnHI.\KO 377 OSOnHI.\HH 10, 322 OBOJIHWHH 322 OBceH 219
oeCUKa 89 OBCUWTe 125 OB'Iap 45 OB'Iapa 48 OB'IeTIIHa 77 OB'IHjU 292 OB'IHHa 95 OS'!jH 292 orn3,l.llhCTU 337 ornac 215 ornaCHUK 158 ornawaBaTH 364, 366 OrJlawuBa'l 64 orneJ\ano 150 orncJ\anl\C 20 I ornysjCTH 337 ornyxHYTH 348 Oru,eBUT 291 OrU,eH 279 oru,uJlo 152 Oru,HI.\ 113 Oru,UWTe 126 Oru,yWTHHa 211 oroBapano 150 OrOJhCTH 337 erpaHcaTH 339 orpaHaK 26, 27 orpaHU'IaBaTH 364 orpe6a'la 65 orpe6HHe 97 orp(j)eB 216 orpewcu,e 174 OrpH3aK 25, 28 OrpU30TaK 28 orpnHl\a 111 OrpTa'l 63 orpy6(j)enu 384 orpy6jeTH 337 ory6aBUTII 338 ory6asjeTII 338 0.!l;a6Hp 214 OA86HP8TH 362 0.u.a6paHHK 86 oAa6paTH 362 OJ\aCJlaTH 362 O.!l;awHJh8TH 362 OAawHJha'i 63 0.!l;6(j)ernuua 147 0.u.6uTaK 26 oA6necaK 25 O.l(6necKHBaTu/o.!l;6JhecKuBa TH 370, 371
O.l(60jKa 132 O.l(60jKaill 68 O.l(60jKllilleB 295 O.l(60jHIIK 159, 160 o.l(60p 216 *0J\60pUK 155 0J\6paM6cHH 281 O.l(6pau,HB 281, 284 O,ll;BalKaeaTH cc 365 O.l(BlllKHBaTH ce 365 O.l(SHja'! 63 OJ\BO.l( 216 O,ll;BPaTHOCT 179 owajanHwTe 128 owajaTH 362 O.l(fOBapajyliH 311 o.n,roBapaTH 362 O.!l;fOBOP 215 0.!l;r080pau 265 o.n,rOHeTHa 135 o.n,rYJlKaTH 370 e.u.rYIIKHBllTH 370 e.u.rypHYTH 379 o.u.(uj)eBaTu 367 OAenCu,e 169, 289 oAG)enHT 290 O.l(eJlO 151 o.u.(Hj)eJll\C 201 o.u.(j)eJheHCKH 299 o.u.(j)eJheu,e 174 o.u.(j)eJhCu,cKH 299 OA(j)CHYTU 367 o.u.(j)elia 20, 192 O.l(HrpaBaTH (cc) 364 o.u.HjeJlo 151 ot\iaKOWu,u 294 ot\icKuBaTH 368 ot\ieKHYTH 368 OMa3aK 25 OMa3HTH 371 OMH'ije 130 OMOM8K 25 OMY'lHB8TH 368 oMY'lyjyliH 311 OAMa3AHH 260 oJ\MapanHurre 128 OJ\M3XHBaTH 368 OAMa'lUu,aTH 362 (Q» OAMCTa'lHHa 101 O.u.MCTHHK 156, 159 OAMOP 215 oAMopaH 265
463
PenfCTap pe'lH O.l(MOpuurrC 126 O.l(H(Uj)eTII 371 O.l(Holllaj 24 0J\06PaBaTH 364 0.n;06peH>e 174 oJ\06plITH 364 o.n;ojaK 26, 205 0.n;oj'l3,l.l22 oJ\oj'le 205 OJ\Ol\HeTH!-IbeTH 338 OJ\OI.\HHTII 338 o.l(pa3214 o.n;pacJIH 384 o.n;pseHIITH 345 o.n;pe.!l;6a 71 oJ\pe.!l;Hurrc 127 O.!l;pc~UBaTII 368 O.!l;PC3aK 25 O.!l;pG)eIllHT 290 O.l(po.!l; 216 O.l(POH 216 O.!l;pOIl>aBaTH 364 OApnaHaQ 53 o.n;pnaHKo 141 o.n;pTHHa 97 OAC(j)eK 215 o.u.c(j)e'iaK 25 O.!l;CHjel.\aTU 323 O.!l;CKaKapaTH 331 O.u.CKOK 213, 215 o.u.CKOpawlbH 294 O.l(CKO\lKe 377 oJ\cnYlKclbc 173 OACTynHul\a 164 oJ\cyCTllO 188 O)l;Y3HMlUbe 171 o.n;ywelllhasanuo.n;ylllclIlhHBaTH 366, 366 OJ\WKpHHYTH 372 (Q» OlKCfOTHHa 182 OlKC.n;lbeTII 337 OlKHB(j)eTII 337, 338 OlKHBHTH 338 o36HJhHOCT 179 03Apas(j)CTU 338 03.n;pasHTII 338 03Apameu,e 174 03HM'Ie 205 03Ha'iasaTul03Ha'lHBaTH 364,366 03Ha'lHBa'l 64 ~3pa'lje 130
ojKaTIl 329 OKaMeUOTUHa 182 OKaHl\e 201 OIeaT 276 OKa'lCu,aK 32 ili:eauHja 235 OKHBaTH 369 OKHJ\a'l 63 oKn(uj)eBano ISO OKnon 216 OKnonu,a'la 67 OK08216 OKOSaTII 369 OK08paTHHK 160 oKOKYIiHHl\a 164 OKonHHa 98 OKOJlHl\a 119 OKonuw 125 OKonHH 265 OKOJIHOCT 180 OKOMHl\e 375 OKOH'laTH 328 OKonasaTH 361,364 OKonaTH 361,364 OKopHwliasaTU ce 366 OKoPHllll\HBaTU ce 366 OKOpjeTII 337 OKOIllTaSaTu/OKowIiH8aTH 366 OKpajaK 27 OKpajHHa 96 OKpSasHTH 346 OKpena 16 OKpellJheu,c 114 oKpenJhyjyhH 311 OKpeTaj 23 OKPeTIIHl\a 164 oKpHBn.eHH 381 OKPHJhe 130 oKpyrJlaCT 214 oKpyrnlfHa 96 OKpYlKeu,e 174 oKpYlKje 130 OKPYlKHH 259, 262 oKplllaj 24 OKCH.!l; 231 OKCI!AHPaTU 356 OKCHAHCaTH 349 OKTeT 230 oKTpoHcaTH 339 OKYJITH3aM 233 OKYJlTHCT 244 /
oKynaTOp 248 oKynal\llOHH 270 oKynHpaTH 356 oKylije 128, 130 oKyliHHua 164 OKl\e 201 onaKwasajyliH 311 OnaKWaTH 336 onaKWHI.\a 119 OnfHl\a 114 onHrapxuja 234 QnHMnH3llM 232 OJlHMnUja.n;a 221 OJlHMnHjau, 52 OJlOBaH 259 onyjUH8 101, 102 onynHHa 97 on.ywTIIHa 97 OMlllK 222 OManC\laK 253 (Q» OManOBalKaBaTH 364 oMaTOpG)eTII 338 OMaTOpllTH 338 OMaWKa 135 OMeKWHBa'i 64 OMepoBHIi 112 OMeeTH 361 OMCTaTII 361 OMJI3,l.lHHa 96 OMJl3,I.IHHau, 51, 60 OMn3,l.lHHKa 134 OMJIHTaB(j)eTII 338 OMJIHTaBUTII 338 OMOIlCKH 307 (Q» OMOryl\asaTU 364, 365 o(He)MoryI\Hsarn 366 oMoryliHBaTH 365 oMoryhHTH 345 OMOT 216 OMOTa'l 62, 63 OMp3HYTH 348 oMpwas(j)eTII 338, 344 OMpWaBHTH 338 OMCKI! 307 (41) OHaKOBHIi 113 OHaMOWU,H 294 OHaHHCaTH 339 OHAaK 374 OH.l\awU,H 294 oHeMoryliasaTU 366 oHeMoryl\lIl1aTH 368 oHHjeMjeTII 337
\
V
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464 OlfOJlIIKa'lKII 308 OIlOJlHl\KH 322 OIlOJllfl\KO 377 OHOJlHl\HII 322 OUOJlIlWHII 322 OIlTOJlOWKH 300 onaAajynll 311 onaKJIHja 146 OnaH'Iap 44 onaca'! 62, 63 onamja 81 on(lIj)ellaTH 363 on(j)cBaTI! 363 onCKJlIlHa 97 onCKOTlIHa 182 oneJlo 151 onepaTcp 230 onepaTIlBaH 3 I 7 oncpal\lIja 251 oncp~HOHIi 270 oncpera 231 onep"caTH 340 onepywaTIi 336 OlleTOBaTH 35 I OnlljaT 226 onlljaTH 363 onlljcJlo 151 onlljcHoCT 179 OnHnJbIlB 284 onHC 215 *onllCIiB 284 onllTIi 363 onKOllllTIi 345 OnKOJbaBaTH 364 onneMCHlITI! 345 OllJleMClhllBaTIi 368 OllnOAlba 167 onJloijen.c 173 OnJbYl\KlIBaTH 370 ($) On0311l\1I011ap 218, 242 01l03Hl\IIOHII 270 . onoMHlbynll 311 onopaBaK 25 OnOpaBJbaTIi cc 361 onopaH 263 onop6a 71 OnOpC3l1B 284 onope311BaTII 369 onopc30BaTH 369 onopTYH 264, 314 onopryHII3aM 233 onopTYHlIeT 244
PerHCTap pC'!H
TBop6a pC'l1l Y CasPCMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY onpaBllaBaTiI 364 onpaBAalbC 174 onpaBKa 134 onpawllBa'! 64 OllpaWTaTH 362 onpCAeJICIbC 169 onpCACJbaBaTfi 366 onpcA(j)eJbCIbC 174 onpCACJbHSaTH 366 onpownj 23 onc(j)cHap 45 onc(j)cHHTII 345 onccpBaTopHja 49 onCTalfaK 25 onCTpYKl\I!OHH3aM 234 onTCpcnllBaTII 368 OlITlIMHeT 244 onTIIMIlCTlI'laH 319 olITlIl\aj 24 OIIT)'lKCHII 381, 382 OIITYlKCHHK 86 onrylKHHl\a 164 onT)'lKyjyliH 311 onliCH 280 onncHHT 280 onyeTjcTH 337 onywaK 25 , On'lHHHTH 345 OnWaH'IHTH 345 onwTCBalKcliH 312 onWTelbC 168 onwTlma 96 onWTHHap 45 opaHlK8Aa 220 OpaHIlIta 118 opalhe 172 opaliH 278 opaXOB 296 opaXOBal\ 296 OpaxoBal\ 56 opaxoBa'!a 66, 67 opaxoBHHa 99 opa'l63 opawap 42, 46 opawal\ 51 Opawal\ 52 opawje 129 opaw'lHIi 111 opra3MII'IKH 321 opraHH3aTop 248 oprSHlt3al\IIOHII 270 OP!
. opmjaTH 326 opl'yJbaw 69 oPlljclITaJJaH 314. oPHjclITaJJal\ 223 OPHjCHTaJJHeT 244 \ opHjcHTal\HOHlI 270 ' opHjelfTllp 242 oplljeuTHcBTII 340 oPJlaW 68 0pJUin 108, 112 0pJIHl\3 120 OpnoBHn J 12 opnollull 112 OpnOBHl\a 120 opnoBcKH 306 OPJlyjCKH 304 opnyulJiHa 104 oPJlyulHh 16 oPJlywHl\a 123 OPMaIl'IC 204 opouynocT 179 opTaKHlha 105 opTaKnyK 153 opTorpa$cKH 300 OpToAoKcall 264 opToencKH 300 opToncAcKH 30 I opYlKalla 39 0pYlKaTH (ce) 326 OPYlKjC 128, 129 OpylKlIH 262 opqlH3aM 232 ocaMllaec(T)KHIbS 107 OCaMOCTaJbClbe 174 ocsaja'l 63 oCB(j)elKassjyli.H 310 OCB(j)clKelbc 173 OCB(j)ClKHBa'l 64 OCJl(j)eTJbell,c 174 OCBeTlIlIK 156, 159 oCB(j)ewnHBaTH cc 368 OCBIITaK 28 oceACTH 339 OC(j)eTJbHB 285 oc(j)cnaj 23 oc(j)cnajHocT 179 oc(j)enalbc 172 oc(j)ehaTH 361 oCHrypaBajyliH 311 oCHrypallHK 86 oCllrypaTII 328 oCllrypa'l 62, 63
oClirypHHlla 98 OCHjC,lIjCTH 337 OCHlhaK 31, 32, 37 OCHlhH 294 OCHpOTjCTH 337 OCjCK 216 ocjeTHJlo 150 OCK3POB3l\ 55, 56 OCKBPllyrwOCKBPIlHTH 369 ($) OCKBplbHBaTH 369 OCKOPYWOB 296 OCK(B)pHasHTH 369 ($) OCJla6HTH 338 OCJIa6(j)CTH 338 ocnap 42 OCJ1(llj)cnHTH 338 oCJlHjcnjCTH 337, 338 OCJ1060AHJlaIt 143, 191 oCJ1060AHna'lKlt 301 ocno6oAHTeJb 191 OCJl060AHTH 345 OCJl060ijellllK 86 OCJl060ijClbC 173 OCJlOBHTH 364 OCJlOBJbaBaTH 364 OCJ1011~ 54 OCJlYWKHBaTH 370 OCMaI< 33 OCM3HJ1Hja 146 OCMaTpa'! 63 oCMaTpa'lHHl\3 163, 166 OCMaw 70 OCMCjKHBanI ce 371 OCMep3l\ 54, 61 oCMG)eXIlBaTH ce 368, 371 oCM(j)ewKHB3TH ce 371 OCMHjKHBanI ce 371 ($) OCMHIIKa 138 OCMHl\a 119 ($) OCMOJICTKaI-JbeTKa 135 oCMoMapToBcKII 307 OCMOPK3 135 OCHHBanI 369 OCHHB3'1 63, 64 OCHOBaTH 369 OCllyTaK 28 oco6eH 280, 290 oc06elbaK 32 oc06HHa 96 OC061lT 280, 290 oc06Jbe 129
oc061111 280 OCOBHHa 99 ocnOeOOHTH 345 OCnocOOJbaBaTH 365 OCpeAH>OCT 179 OeTaBWTHHa 211 OCTajaTH 363 OeTaHSK 25 OeTan6eH,IIepoBcKIl 307 OCTapG)CJlH 384 OCTapG)CTH 338 OCTapHTH 338 OCTaTaK 27 oCTBapllB 283 OCTBapJbHB 283, 284 OCTparywa 199 OCTpBJbaIlHH 93 OCTpBl\e 202 OCTpHlKlIlIC 97 OCYAa 16 ocyl}eHHK 86, 88 OCl\HJlaTOp 248 OTa'lalleTBO 189 OTa'laCTBO 185, 189 OTau61llla 98 OTB3pa'! 63 OTBOP 216 OTBPAHyru 348 OTBp.nHyhe 193 OTBpAH>3Bam 365 OTelK3BajyhH 311 OTCKJlHHa 97 OT(i)en.oBJbelbe 174 OTCTH 362 OTC'leeTBO 185 OTHMaTH 362 OTHMa'!HHa 100 ompa'! 63 OTHcaK 25 OTHCKHBam (ce) 370 ($) OTHIiH 371 OTl
465 oTKYl\aj 23 OTM(j)CHOCT 178 OTMIIl\a 119, 147 OTMH'Iap 45 oronJbCIbC 174 Oro'lal\ 52 OTUBA 215 OTnaAaK 25 OTflaAllllK !56, 159 OTIlaKIlBaTH 369 oTIlopaw 68 omopHHK 86, 158 OTIIOPHOCT 179 ompaBHHK 159 OTnpaBHHllITBO 187 ompBKe 377 OTllpeMHHK 159 ompCMHHH3 98 ompeMHIIl\a 164 OTprnylic 193 OTpelKlhClbC 174 OTpCCIlT 290 oryijCIbC 174 oryl)IlB 282 oryn(j)eJfOCT 179 orynjCTH 337 OTl\(j)cnJbclbc 174 OlieJfaB(j)eTH 338 OlieJfaBHTH 338, 345 olionaBIITIl 338 oliopaB(j)cm 338 OIiOpaBHTH 338 o$a1l3HBaH 317 O$Hl\HP'!HIi III OXJI3AlbCTH 337 OXOJlHTH cc 344 OXOJlOCT 178 oxpa6pyjyIiH 311, 385 oxpanaB(j)CTH 338 oxpanasHTH 338 Ol\(j)eAHT 290 ol\(llj)eHHTH 343 o'lajllllK 85 o'lapaBajylill 310 O'!Bpcllyrll 348 O'lBpcHylie 193 o'!eBHHa 99 O'lHjYKaTH 331 O'lHII 289 O'!IlHCKH 305 O'lHIlCTBO 188, 189 O'lHIbH 294
466 O'iIiT 290 0'1111.\3 115 .0'11111 293 O'iIbSK 32, 35 O'llb\! 293 O'lyx' 16, 197 ouaKJIHja 146 OUaKOBllh 112, 112 (IP) ous'lap 45 OWIIHYT" 372 oWJbap 42 oWTeheHH 381 oWTehelbe 173 oillTPHKa 90 OillTP"MIUe 375, 376 OillTP"Ha 96 OillTP"TI 343 OillTP"Ua 118 ourrpJbaT 253 oWTPoyrnaCT 274 ourrpoyrnH 274 ourrpyJba 195 naBHh 109 naBne 74 naBnoBHh 112 naanOBJbeBCKII 308 naA 214 naAaBHUa 120 naAaBH'IaB 254 naAaBH'Iap 45 naAaTII 361 naAelK 75 naAepeBCKH 381 n3JIIIHa 97 n3,ll,HlbaK 34, 36 1l3,ll,HYTH 372 naA06paHCTBo 187 naAOBaHCKH 301, 304 n3lKJbHB 281, 283-285 n3lKlba 167 n33HTCJb 192 naja 19,20 nsjanKH 299 najellHh 112 najHH 94 najKaH 38 najoBHh 112 najTOc 252 naKep 228 naKeT 219, 231 naKeTHh 108
Pen!CT3p pe'lH
TBop6a pe'iH y caBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je311KY naKJIeH 279 n3KJIellllK 87 DaKJIeHCKII 305 naKOBalbe 172 naKOBaTII 219 naKOCHHK 85 naKOCT 180 nSKTllpaTIi 354 nanaH'i3H1I1I 93, 94 nan3ll,STH 335 nana'lllHKa 135 nana'lIlHKapa 48 nantlK 74 naneo30llK 237 naneTKOBaTH 352 nanH 384 nanHJlpBQe 202 nanltTH 335 nanyuaTH 335 n3Jb6a 70, 71 n3JbeBHHa 99, 100 n3JbeHHQa 118 n3Jbelbe 171 naMeTlbaK 112 nBMeTIb3KOBHh 112 nBMhelbe 172 nBMYKJIHja 146 nBMY'l3H 259 n~Hua 115 n3HAyp'lllH a 102 naHerllpHK 237 n3HH
nanllpHaT 277 n3nllpHII 277 n3nHpHIII.\a 163 nanllpyc 253 nanKap 42, 46 nanOlbaK 29 nanpaTJbIlKa 90 nanpell 280 nanp"Ka 89 nanpliKaw 68 nanpH'lHQa 115 nanCTBO 186 nany'lap 45 nanYUlija 206 napa60nH'IaH 318 napaAHrMaTHQaH 319 napaAHpaTII 354 napaAoKCanaH 314 nap33HTH3aM 233 napajnHja 146 napanenH3aM 232, 233 napanH30BaTH 341, 359 napanHC3TH 341 napanHTH'lap 45, 238 napaMnap'laA 22 napaHoHK 237 napaHOH'IaH 318 napal'iHllaQ 52 napaIPHpaTH 354 nap6eHIIK 88 nap"lKalll 93 napll3nllja 146 napHcKH 298 napHh 108 llapHwKH 298 llapKeT3p 44 llapKHHr 241 llapKHHcoHH3aM 232, 233 napKHpanllUlTe 128 napKHpaTH 354 napKHh 168 napnaMeHTapaH 262, 316 llapnaMeHT3pau 53 napnaMeHTBpH3aM 233 napHHua 104 naJilHH'IHTH ce 342 naplbaK 32, 36 nap/l,a'ia 67 napOJlHpaTH 354 napolKaK 27 napojaK 27 napoxHjaHHH 93
napTII3aHllja 81 napTII33HKa 133 napTII33HOS3Q 56 napTlI33H'IIIHS 102 napTllj3H 181 napTHj3ll, 51, 52 nSpTlljHOCT 181 nSpTlljcKII 300 nspTHepcTBO 186 naplPeM 218, 236, 340 napIPHMepHja 218, 236 nap
naTpIlQllj(e) 84 naTpHQHjaT 226 naTpOHaT 225 naTYJbaK 29 naTYJbaCT 274 naTYJblll.\a 116 nalieHIIK 86, 87 naplipaTII 354 nSYIIHQa 116 naY'lHlla 95 nay'lHllaCT 274 naxYJblll.\a 123 naUHjeHTKIIIb3 106 naQHIPII3aM 232 na'laA 22 na'le 204 na'leTHHa 77 na'lllhll 108 na'ljH 292 na'lypnHja 83 nawa 19 nawaG)nHja 146 llawanllh 109 nawanyK 152, 153 naWHHHll,a 122 nawHheB3Il, 55 nailllbaK 35 nawoBaTII 349 nawTPoBcKH 302 naW'l3A 22 naw'l3Jlllja 82 naw'le 203, 204 naw'lllibe 107 nG)eB 214 nG)eB3JbKa 138 n(j)eBaHHja 82 n(j)eBalbe 172 n(j)eBaTH 363 n(Hj)eB!ll\ 54 n(j)eBa'l63 n(j)eBJbHB 284 n(j)eBHHQa 164 n(j)eBYKaTH 331 n(j)eBYJbItTH 347 n(j)eBYQaTH 335 n(j)eBYI.\KaTH 335 n(j)eBywaB 256 n(j)eBYWHTII 347 n(j)eBywKaTII 336 n(j)eras 254 n(j)eraCT 273, 274 n(j)erllll,a 114
467 nemep3j 223 nerJlepKa 223 nerorror 219 neJl.3fomja 80, 219, 234 neA3fOWKIl 301 neJI.3HTcplija 236 neAepyws 199 neAHKep(Ks) 354 lleAIIKllpaTli 354 lIeJloIPIIJlHja 235 nejaK 33 lIej3alK 222 nej33lKHCT 244 lIeKap 47, 47 (IP) lIeKapa 47 neKBa 72 neKIIHlKaHHH 93 neKMe3ap 42 nenew 79 OeJJHHKOBal.\ 16, 57 nenQOBaTH 349, 35 t n(j)eHaCT 274 lIell3HoHep 242 neH1HOHH 270 neH1HOHHCaTH 349, 357 oeH3OC 253 O(j)eIlItTH 336 lIeHlIll,HnHH 240 OeHTBTnOH 247 lIG)eHywaB 256 oG)eHywaCT 276 1I(j)eHYWaTH 336 o(j)eHywall, 61 n(j)ellywIITII ce 347 n(j)eHywKaTlI ce 336 QeHuepnHja 146 oeWJeTHpaTH 354, 355 1I(j)eIb3'1a 64, 65 lIenenltTH 342 neneJJllWTe 126 nenCJbap 42 lIenCJb3pa 48 nenCJbaCT 273, 274 nenCJbyra 194 neDCJbywa 199 nepa 19 oep(H)3A 22 nepaja 25 nepajap 46 oepaje 16 nepahH 277 oepa'l62
\,
468
PemCTap pe'lH
TBop6a PC'IM YC3BpeMeHOM cpncKoMje3HKY
nepawKH 298 nepawTaHHH 93 nepBep3tbaK 32 nepeu.ap 42 nepHnau. 144 nepHno 152 nepHJha 155 ncpHo,nHKa 239 nepHo,nH'IaH 318 nepHo,nH'IKH 321 nepHOHHL\3 13, 165, 166, 166 (rp) nepHToHHTHC 246 nepHIi 109 nepH
neTaK 27, 33 neTaKHtba 138 neT( 0 )s(j)eKoBHH 268 neTcpau. 54 neTHH397 neTIU\a 119, 135 n(j)eTJIHn 108 n(Hj)eTJIOBCKH 306 neTJhaBHHa 100 neTJhara 22 neTJhaHau. 57 neTJhaHHja 82 neTJhaHu.Hja 82, 252 neTJhapHja 82, 83 neTHH 262 neTojKa 138 neTOKOJIOHaW 70 neTopKa 135 neTOpKe 135 neToyraoHHK 86 neTpapKH33/d 232 neTpaWHH 70 Oe-rpHja 82 neTpHIL'IaHHH 94 ne-rpHh 109 ne-rpOS81t 56 neTposa'la 66, 67 neTpoBHil 111, 112 ne-rpOBHIiH 94 neTpOBlLa'la 68 neTpOJIejKa 133 ne-rpywa 198 neliaHaL\ 58 neliHH3pKa 139 neliKH 298 neliHHL\a 163 ncxapHHK 157 nCl\aBKa 136 neUaJ1,Ka 138 nCL\ap 42, 47, 47 ($) nCL\apa 47, 49 nel\apow 184 ncu.a!·u.o 200 neL\MBO 79, 80 neu.KaB 254 nCl\KanO 150 ne'lan6a 70 ne'lan6ap 45 ne'lan6apHTH 342 ne'laTHpam 355 ne'feHHl\a 118, 122 nC'Ielhapa 48
ne'letbapHHu.a 48 nC'Ielhe 172 ne'lypKa 135 lle'lypKaCT 273 newa 209 n(j)elU~Hja 82 n(j)elU~HHau. 60 ncwaK 34 n(j)eillalCHU,a 105 n(j)ewHUc 375, 376 n(j)ewKe 376 (6y,nHM)ncwTaHcKH 304
neUITaHCKH 322 n(j)eW'l3H 271, 272 n(j)eW'IaHHK 86 n(j)ew'Iapa 49 nHsap 44 llHsapa 48 nHSHHua 110, 163 nHBO 80 nHBL\e 201 nHB'Iyra 194 IlHBua 206 IlH3,na 201 nH3.l\apHja 83 nHjaBHua 121, ! 36 nHjasKa 136 nHjaH 273 nHjaHau 53 nHjaH.nYpa IS, 16 IlHjaHHIlO 241 nHjaHHua 118 IIHjaHKa 137 nHjaHCTBo 187, 189 nHjaH'IeBaTH 350 nHjaH'IHTH 342, 347 nHjaH'Iypa 196 uHjaliH 277 nHja'lHH 259 nHjcMoHTc3 227 nHjeMoHliaHHH 227 nHjclhc 170 IlHjYK 214 nHjYKaTM 329, 330 nHjYUKaTH 335 nHKasau 55 nHKaHTaH 315 nHKaHTcpHja 236 nHKHHKOBaTH 351 nHKOB 296 nHn~ 22 nHJI~Hja 82
\
mmelK 75 nHllcHu.e 202 nHJIeTHHa 77, 96 nHneliH 292 nHneliHHa 96 nHneWL\C 202 IlHJlHliap 47, 49 nHJIHhH 8, 108 IlHnO 151 nHJIOTHpaTH 354 nHJhapHua 116 nHJh3pllHlIa 165 nHJheBHlla 100 nHHrali 50 nHHrHh 50 nHHyTH 374 nHH'IHKa 89 nHOHHpKa 133 mmaK 26 nHnKaTH 328 IlHnHyTH 373 nHpaMH,nanall 314 nHp3HtleJlOBWTHHa 211 nHpaTepHja 219, 220, 236 nHpHH'IllHH 271 nHpHT 245 nHpKaTH 328 nHpKaTH (o,n npaTlI) 328 nHpHyTH 373 nHpoBaTH 350 IlHPOTCKH 304 nHpoliallaL\ 58 nHpoliaHcKH 304 llHcaK 214 nHCaJ1,Ka 138 nHcaMue 201 nHcaHHja 82 nHc3HHje 82 nHcaHKa 137 nHcalbe 172 nHcap 47 nHcapHL\a 115 nHCapHHL\a 165 nHcapoBHHa 99 nHcapoBHL\a 120 nHcap'lllli III nHCap'lHIi III nMcailH 277 nHC81t 6, 54, 191 nHCKa 17 nHCK3B 254 nHcKapano 150
nHClCapaTH 325, 331 nHcK)'T 197 nHCK)'TaTH 334 nHCMaHu.e 202 nHCMeH 279 nHCMO 16 nHcHyTH 372 nHTafOpej81t 60 nHTaK 257 IlHTaJIHL\a 148 nHT3&C 172 nHTalhue 202 mlTapHja 83 nHTeKaHTpOnyc 253 nHTH 363, 374 llim:lMa'l3 66 illlTOMHHa 96 mtTOMOCT 178 nHTOpeCKalI 253 (rp) nHlie 193, 194 IlHheHue 202 nHXTHjacT 274 nHL\a 201 nHuepHja 83, 236 nH'IKa 201 nH'IKapaTH 331 (rp) nHwalia 50 nHwaliKa 50 nHWT38254 nHWT3JhKa 138 IlHUITaTH 372 nHUlTOJh'lHHa 103 nHW'IeB 8 llJlaBeT 77 nnaBeTaH 253 nnaBeTHHKaCT 275 nnaBeTHHJlO 152 llJlaBHJlO 152 nJIaBHTH ce 344 llJlaBH'IaCT 275 llJlaBjeTH 337 llJlaBjeTH ce/nnaBHTH ce 338 nJIaBKaCT 275 nnaBojKa 138 nnaBYJh3CT 276 nJIaBywa 199 nJIaBYW3B 256, 276 nJIaBywacr 276 nJIaBYWKaCT 276 nJIamjaT 227 llJlafHjaTop 247, 248 llJlaKarnparn 354
469 nJIaMCHau. 59 nJIaMeHHK 158 llJlaMe&a'la 65, 67 fIl1aMe'laK 30 nnaMH&aTH 336 nJIaMH'IaK 30 nnaMcaTH 331 llJlaMT(j)eTH 331 nJIaHep 228 IIJJaHeTaPall 315, 316 (
nJIaHeTHH 316 (
470 nJIamTaHHua 122 nJIe6ejau 60 nne6ejcKlI 30I nne6c 60 tl/l) nn(lIj)eBeJb 7~ IlJIesIiA6a1nJbeB-1iA6a 72 nneMeHlITBIll 69 nneMeHCKlI 30 I nneMeHIllTBK 37 IlneMlIli 109, 110 nneMlIliKlI 298 nneMlIliKlIlba 106 nneMKlIlba 106 nneMCTBO 186 nn(lIj)ellHTI! 343 nneOHaCTl!'laH 318 nneca'! 63 nneCHlIB 28 I, 287 nJICTalill 277, 278 nnCTBa 73 nnCTeHHua 118 IlJICTlIBO 80 IlJIeTHJba 155 nnCTHIiH 277 (l/l) IlJIeliaT 276 IlJleliKa 132 nneltall 272 nneXHaT 277 IlJIlIBajylill 310 IlJlHBanHWTe 128 nnHBaH rel="nofollow">e 171 nJlllBa'! 62 nnHKaaBll 55 IlJII!Hapa 48 nJlI!CKa 121 IlJlHCKaBl!ua 121 IlJIHCKaTH 121 IlJIltTaK 256 IlJIlITI<0YMaH 266 nJlllliaK 31, 32 nnllliHlI8 95 IlJlHWaH 272 IlJIOBaK 26 IlJIOBaH 38, 265 llJIoBeliH 310 IlJloBliA6a 72 nJIOBlIJ]O 150 llJIosywe 199 IlJlO.llall 262 IlJlO.llIlOCT 178 nnOAOB 296 nnoM6Hp3Tl! 354
TBOp68 pe'll! y caBpeMeHOM nJIO'lHHK 155, 158 nJlOWTHMliue 376 nnypanll38M 233 IlnYTajylill 310 nnynb8K 35 nnyliaw 69 IlJbal/lHyrn 348 IlJba'lKa 17 nJba'lKal.llIja 207 nJba'lK81ll 69 ilJbeBJbaK 33 nJbeBJbaKywa 198 llJDeBJbaHKa 136, 137 DJbecaK 25 DJbeCKaSlIu,a 121 nJbecHyrn 372 nJbCTB872 nJbOIllTlIMIiu,e 376 IlJbYBaoHHu,a 165 DJbYBaTH 371, 373 IlJbYBa'lKa 139 IlJbYBa'!HlI 262 IlJbYBOTHHa 182 IlJbyHYTH 373 IlJbycaK 25 DJbYCKaTI! 329 IlJbYCHYTH 372 DJbyua 200 IlJbyuaBl!ua 121 IlJbYUaTH 335 IlJbYUKaBHu,a 120, 121 DJbYUKaTH 121, 328, 370 nJbYUHYTH 372 IlJbYIllTBTI! 372 nHeYM8TI!K 238 no68AaTI! 362 llo6a'!aj 14, 23 llo6(j)eryJb3 195 no6(j)eAHHK 159 no6(j)e~lIBaTl! 368 llo6(j)eIiH 372 ll06l1jaTH 363 1l00HjeJbeTH 338 n06HTH 363 no6ollCaH 259 n060llCHoCT 179 n060JbwaBaTlI 364 llo60JbwaJUe 173 n060JbWaTH 336 n060pHHK 160 1l060CTlI 362 n060'lHlIa 96
PeriiCTllp pe'lli no5pa 18 n06paTHM 90 1l06paTlIMcTsO 186 1l0Se3 216 nOBe3a'!a 65 llos(j)epeH.e 174 nOB(j)epllJIau 143 1l0B(j)epJbllB 285, 286 nOB(j)ecaMue 201 lloB(l!j)ecT 185 lloBeliaB31be 175 1l0Bel\allaTlI 364 nOBeliano 150 nOBelialbe 175 lloBe'lepje 130 nOBHjaTH 363 lloBHjYllla 199 nOBHCHBaTIi 367 (l/l) IlOBHCHJIHua 148 nOBHCHTH 345 1l0BHWaBalbe 175 IlOBHlllaBaTH 364, 367 (l/l) 1I0BHllleH.e 119, 175 nOBHWHua 119 1l0BJIaCTHua 119 IlOBOA 217 1l0BOAaH. 40 1l0BOAOM 387 1l0BOj 214, 216 lloBpaTlI'! 124 1l0BpaTHI!K 159 nOBpaliaj 23 nOBpeMeH 261 IlOBpTap 44 nOBpTapCTBO 187 1l0BpTH.aK 35, 44 (tjJ) lloBplie 44 (tjJ), 130 lloBplilbaK 35 (tjJ) 1l0BYUH-lloTerHlI 382 Ilol'a~a'l 63 1l0rallaU, 53 norallHja 82 noraHoBHII 113 norallYJb8 195 1l0raHillTlIII8 211 IlOra'lHUa 115 llorH6ao 41 norn6cJb 41, 75, 76 llorl!6Hja 82 llorJIasap 44 nOrJIaBlIT 290 nOrJl3BlI'IHH 289
nOrJlaBJbe 130 norneAaTI! 325, 363 norneMTI! 363 noroBop 217 lloroA6a 71 lloroA6eH 279 lloroA6eH(I!) 279 1l0rOH 216 Ilorop(j)enau, 143, 144 noropwaBaH.e 175 1l0rOpWaBaTl! 364 noropwaH.e 173, 175 lloropwaTH 336 llorocnOAHTH ce 342 norpe6HHK 157 norpe6HHHa 98 norpewaH 265 norpeWKa 135 1l0ry6.n.eH.C 173 1l0AaHlIK 86 nO.llaTaK 27 nO.ll8WaH 268 nO.ll63Aa'! 62, 63 nOA6a'laj 23 llo.ll6pBAaK 27 llo.ll6yo 384 nOABaJIlII,Il!ja 207 nOABaJb8K 27 nO.llBOM'! 62 1l0.llBOllCH.aK 35, 36 nOABOJb3K 27 nOABpl!CKHBaTH 369, 370 1l0ABPllCHyrn 369 nOAropje 130 nO.llrypKHSaTH 370 nOA(j)en8 16 nOAepHH897 nOAepOTHHa 182 nO.ll3eMHH 266 noJJjapMlITH 345 1l0M8KTl!ua 117 nOAJ18U 61 nOAMeTlIJbKa 138 nOAMeTa'l63 1l0AMHTJbHB 284 1l0AMJJ3AaJ( 25 nOAMJJ3AHTH 345 1l0AMOpHHua 163 nOAMopcKH 163 1l0AMYKJIllua 118 nO.llHe6.ri.e 130 1l0AHeBHH 262
nOAHollCje 129, 130 nOAHOWJbI!B 281, 284 lloAo6HOCT 179 1l0A03peH.e 175 nOAo3pllS 282, 285 nOAO'lH.BllH 36 nOApaal!Ha 96 nOApaBJb4f 130 1l0ApaaCKI! 302 nOApBllCaBaJlau, 143 nOApellaK 27 1l0Apenaill 70 1l0ApenllHa 96 1l0APHrHSaTH 368 lloApo6HOCT 180 1l00PyrJbHB 285 1l0ApYMap 45 1l0ApYM'!e 204 • nOApY'!je 130 nOAPYIllTBJbaaaTH 365 IlO.llpywTBJbeH.e 173 IlO,llpXTallaTH 364 nOAPXTaTlI 364 IlO.llplllKa 134 nOAcBoj'le 205 1l0ACO)erHlIK 160 nOACKaKHBaTlI 368 1l0.llCKO'!lITH 368 nOAcM(j)e1l8'!XH 301 1l0AcMij)eWXHBaTH ce 371 1l0ACM(j)eIllJbHB 281, 286 nOACTHUaj 23 1l0AY.lIaPaH 265 nOAY3eTaH 265 ilOAYHaa8u, 52 iloAYHaaJbe 130 nOAYIlHpa'i 63 nOAYwje 128, 130 nO.lllllT8Il8JIHua 148 lloCTeca 230 IlOeTHKa 2~9, 240 ilOllC8pesau 56 ilOllCapeBJbaHlIH 93 IlOllCapllll 38 I nOllCap'lHTIl 347 1l0llCera'la 66 ilOllCeWKlIH.a 106 nOllCypl!BaTH 324, 370 IlOlKYPI!TH 324 IlOlKYPKllSaTH 370 1l033AHHa 98 1l03BAHlIaL\ 51, 60
471 D03ajMIl1\ll 119 nroajMJbeHlIua 118 DroBaTlI 362 1lO3Apaa 215 n03eneH.eTli 338 1l03eMJhywa 199 D03ep 228 Ilrol!B 214 n031!Bap 45 n03l1saTl! 362 D03I!BHlIu,a 164 n03l1paTlI 354 nrollTlisaH 317 nrollTHBlI3aM 233 nrollTHBHCT 244 D03l1UHOHlI 270 li03l1UHOHlIpaTlI 356 Il03HaaaJIaU, 143 nroHaHaU, 53 D03HaHHK 87 1lO3HaHHua 122 nrollaHCTBO 188 nroopHIllHH 260, 262 1l030pl!WTBHue 202 (l/l) IlroOPI!WTe 127 1l030pje 129 n030pHHK 157 nOllMeHH'!aH 269 nOHCTOBCTHTI! 345 noj 214 (no)nojacKe 377 nojaU, 54 Iloja'laaa'! 64 noja'laJIo 64, 150 noja'!albe 173 noja'lllB8'! 64 nojeAHHau 53 nojeAHHa'iaH 269 nojeAHHOCT 180 nojeAHHl.le 375 nojeAHOCTBBlITH 345 llojecjlTHlI1mI 345 nojeq,THH.elbC 174 nojMo 151, 152 nojMJbllB 284 1l0jMOBlIH 267 nojMoBHHK 161 nOK338TeJb 192 nOK83HBa'l 64 nOK83HI! 265 nOlCajHHK 158, 159 nOJ(BapelloCT 179
\
472
TBOp6a pe'!ll y caBpcMeHOM cpncKoMjC3IlKY
nOKBapelbaK 32, 33 (ljI), 35, noneljllHa 96 noneljHl.\e 375 37, 112 nOKBapelbaKoBHll 112 noneljYl.llKe 377 nOKBapelbawTBo 186 noncMH3HpaTH 357 nOKepaw 69 noneMHcaTIl 341 nOKcpllwKa 139 nOneMH'f3H 260, 320 nOKJI3lbaTH 362 nOJIeMH'fap 237 nOKnanaTH 361 nOneMIl'lKIl 320 nOKJIHK 213 nonerapal.\ 60 1l0KJIH'I 213 nOJl(llj)CTaTil 363 nOKnOH 215 nOneTHW 124 nOKJIOHIlK 159 nOneTHWTe 127 nOKJIOHCT!lO 189 nonllHelKaHCKIl 304 nOKnOlbelbe 174 nOJIIlTH311paTil 357 nOKnonall 54 nOnHTIl30BaTH 357, 359 nOKJIOIlHTH 361 nOJIHTlIKa 239 nOKOlKH1l3 117 nOnllTHK3HT 225 nOKojHH 381 nonllTHK3HTCTBO 188 nOKojHIlK 85 nOJIIlTllKllH 290 nOKonClbe 130 nOJIIlTIl'lap 237 nOKonasaTIl 361 nonHTPClb3K 36 nOKon3TIl 361 nOJllITPelba'f3 67 nOKopaH 265, 317 nonHrypa 249 nOKOpHH 381 llonHh 1\0 nOKpajall 52 nonKllaja 242 (4)) nOKpeT 215 nonHl.\ajall 242 (4)) nOKpeTa'! 63 nOJIlll.\eHTPH'IaH 266, 319 nOKpeTJbHB 283, 285 nonOBall 267 nOKpllBaJlO 150 nOJIOBHII399 nOKpHSaTH 368 nonOBHHOM 387 nOKpHS3'f 63 nOnOBH'IaH 259 nOKpHBa'l3 65 nOJlOB'Ia,A 22 nOKp1lT1l 368 nOnOB'fe 204 nOKpHlie 193 nonor 213 nOKpoB 214, 216 nOJlor 216 nOKpOBHTeJb 191 nonolK3j 23 nOKpOBHTeJbKaI-Hua 192 nOJlOlKapa 49 nOKpOBHTeJbCKH 301 nonOIlHCT 244 nOKplUTaB3TH 365 nOnTpoHepHja 236 nOKpwTeHIlK 86 nOJlyrolje 130 nOKynaHCTBO 189 nOJly.njeTll 337 nOKynap 44 nonYJlHesHH 266 nOKynap3U 61 nonyo6paijeH 383 nOKyhcTBo 188 nonyTaK 28 nOKywaj 23 nOJlyTap 47 nOJlaraUKO 377 nonY'lacoBIIIl 268 nOJl33I1WTe 127 nOJb3K 33 nOJl33HHK 160 nOJbaKHlba 105 nonap3H 316 nOJballa 39 nonapHloB3m 359 nOJbaH'le 204 nOJlernH 384 nOJb3plllla 98 nOJleJlHua 117 nOJbKHlba 105
nOJby6al.\ 54 1l0Marano 150 I10MaraTH 362 nOMara'f 63 nOMaJhaTH ce 362 I10MalbKalbe 174 nOMaCT 185 l1oMel}aw 68, 70 nOMeJb3pall 61 nOMeHYTIl 362 I10MeTlllia 97 nOMeTlba 167 nOMl1japa 48 nOMl1lbaTH 362 nOMHp6a 71 nOMHp6eHH 279 nOMllpelbc 174 nOMllpJbIlB 285, 286 nOMIlC30 41, 217 1I0MIlWJbaj 23 nOMO,Aap 44 !lOMOP 215 nOMOpaBJbC 130 nOMopaBcKH 302 nOMOpCTBO 188 nOMon 212, 217 nOMo1'l1l 362 nOMoliHIlK 85, 156, 158, 160 nOMohy 387 nOMp'lHHa 97 nOHe,A(j)eJbaK 26 nOHe.n(j)eJbHHK 160 nOIl(Hj)eTH 371 nOHHlK3sajyliH 31 I nOllHlK3BaTH 364 nOHHlKelbe 174 nOll1l3all 265 nOHH31lT1l 345 nOHIl3jc 130 nOHIlWT3B3H>e 64 nOllllWTaBaTH 364 nOHIlWTHSa'l 64 nOIlHWTHTH 345 nOHop 214 nOIlOpHHl.\a 163 nOHOCIlT 290 nOIlTIlq,HK3T 218, 225 nOlly~a'l 62 nOO.llMaKJlH 384 nOO'lHM 90 noowTPelbc 173
PemCTap pe'll!
\
nona 18 nOna,AHja 15, 82 non(Hj)eBKa 135 noneKalba 75 noneHAa 76 noneCIlHa 104 nonccKapa 77 nonHpKIlBaTH 370 nonHC 215 nonHwaliKO 141 nonHwYJb3 195 nonHwypa 197 nonllaBa 16 nOllJbYIlKIlBaTH 370 nonOBaTK 350 nOnOBa'fa 66 nonoBHn 112 nonoBKnK3 133 nonOBCKIl 306 nonOBWTIlHa 211 nOnpaBKa 134 nOnpaBJbaTH 361 nOnpaBHK 265 nOnpe'lKe 376 nonpHWTC 127 nonpcje 130 nonY,A6Hlla 98 nonynapaH 316 nonynapllcaTil 341 nonYCKapa 197 nonyCT 215 nonYCTJI>HB 281, 282, 285 nOpaBH3BaTil 364 nOpaBH3H>e 174 nop33all 317 nOpaTllH 266 nope6pHua I 17 nOpelKl,lHj3 206, 208 nope> 16 nope3a 16 *nope3HK 155 nope31111K 157 nop(llj)eKltOM 386 nopeMeli3j 23 nopelUt 362 nopelU'Il1ja 208 nopllHyhe 193 noplluaTH 362 nopHllh 110 nOp06JbIlB3'1 64 nopo.l1 216 nOp0,Al1nIlWTC 128
nop0,AIiJba 154 nOp0,AHlla 119 nopoljaj 23 nopoliajHH 262 nopo3all 317 *nopoTHK 155 nopoTlIllK 157 nopTOpHK3HCKH 304 nOPTPeTHpaTil 354 nOPTPeTHcaTH 340 nOPTPeTHCT 244 nopryrall3l.\ 52 nopryranHja 235 nopy6216 nopyJl(lbeTK 337 nopycHTll 360 (q,) nopYl,l6HHa 98 nopq,HpHIl 259 nocaBIlHa 96 nOCaBJbC 130 nocaBCKH 302 nOCBeM3WlbH 294 nocBoj'fe 205 nocertlyTH 362, 372 nocG)e,AHHK 158, 159, 160 nocG)eJlHyTH 372 nocG)e,AOBaTil 350 nOCC3aTll 362, 372 noc(j)eKOTllH3 182 noceno 151 noc(j)eCTH 372 nocccrpllMa 91 noc(j)CTHn311 143 noc(j)eTlITCJbK3 192 noc(j)eTIlTH 342 noc(j)eTKlllla 164 nocHjeJIO 151 nOCHnHI1 382 nOCllllaK 26 nocjc,AIIHK 157 nOCKaKHB3T1l 368 nOCKOK 213, 216 nOCK04HTIl 368 nOCKO'l1l1l3 119 nocKynjeTH 337 nocKYnJbelbe 175 nocKYllJbHB3lbe 175 nOCJlaHHK 86 nOCll3f1CTBO 188 nOCJl3CTH'Iap 43. 44, 165 nOCJlaC1'H'lapHHua 165 nocJl(Hj)e 387
473 nOCne,Albll 294 lIocnCI! 87 (q,), 175, 280 nocnellHK 87 nOCJI(Hj)cpanlil 266 nocnOBalbC 172 nocnOBaTIl 166. 350 nocnOBHIl 267 nOCnO!lHIlK 158, 160, 161 nocnOBHHl.\a 166 nocnoBolja 20 nocnyJl(aBHHK 161 nocnYJl(IlJI3I.\ 143 nocnYl!(HTeJh 191 nocnyx 213 nocnYWHHK 85 nocMaTPa'f 63 nOCMHK 213 nOCMp'Ie 205 nocnaH 279 nocnallKO 141 nocnG)cwaH 268 nOCpcJlaH 266 nOCpe,AHHK 157, 159 nOCpeJlHIlWTBO 186 nOCpe,AOBaTH 351 nOCpe,ACTBO 187, 189 nOCpe,ACTBOM 387. 387 noCT 214 IIOCTaBKa 135 nOCTaBJbelbe 173 nOCTajaTil 363 nOCTa,&e 174 nOCTaTil 363 nOCTJlHllnOMall 53 nOCTeJbHHa 95 nOCTeJbHI.\3 116 nOCTenCIi 261 II0CTHrtlyhe 193 nOCTHlaOaTil 326 nOCTll36opHil 266 DOCTojaH 273 nOCTOj6HHa 98 nOCTojcliH 3 I 1 1I0CTOJl>e 130 nOCTOTaK 28 nocrp3Hllc 375 nocrpojelbe 174 nocrynaK 25 nocylje 15, 128, 129 nOTanHjaH'fHTll 347 nOTaHKOCT 180 nOTerJb3j 24
474
PernCTap pe'lH
Tsop6a pe'lH y caspeMeHoM CpnCKOM je3HKY
nOTeHUHpaTH 354 nOT(j)epHHua 163 nOTehH 372 nOTewKoha 183 nOTHpaJhKa 138 \ llOTHcje 130 nOTHCKHsaTH 369, 370 nOTHCIlYTH 369 nOTHuaj 14 nOTKaJywa 199 nOTKHsaTH 369 nOTKHSa'lIlHua 163, ) 66 nOTKOSHua 116 nOTKonellHua 117 nOTKpOSJbe 130 nOTKynJbHS 284 nOTneywHua 123 nOTOMaK 27 nOTOMCTBO 186 nOTollyhe 193 nOTOIbH 293 nOTO'lap 46 nOTO'lapa 49 nOTO'lapKa 139 nOTo'lHh 108 nOTO'lIlHua 26 (
nOT'IHlbeHH 38 I nOY3.Qalbe 173 nOYJehe 194 nOY'laK 27 noxo.n 215 nOXOTJbHS 287 nOXpnTHHa 96 nouHKywa 199 nOuplbeTH 338 nouynKHsaTH 370 nO'iaCT 217 nO'laCTBOSaTH 349 nO'IeTaK 25, 26, 28 nO'ieTl! 362 nO'IeTKOM 387 nO'leTl!H 265 nO'IeTHHK 158, 159 nO'lHSaJhKa 138 nO'lHSWH 278, 382 nO'lHHaK 25 nO'IHIlIlTeJb 191 nO'lHHHTeJbKa/-Hua 192 nO'lHlbaTH 337, 362 nO'IHTaK 28 now a 209 nowaJlHua 119 noweTaIb 40 nOWHJbanau 143 nOWHJbKa 135 nOWTaHCKH 13, 305 nOWTananHua 148 nOWTanaTH ce 328 nOWTap 45 nowTapHlla 98 nOWTelbaK 32, 35 nOWTelbaKosHh 112 nOWTelba'lHHa 10 I, 102 nOWTelbe 129, 175 nowTosanau 143 nOWTosalbe 172 npasa 217,380 npasau 54 npas.na 73 npas.naTH 327 npase,llaH 261 npase.nIlHK 85, 261 *npasHnHK 155 npaSHnHIlK 158 npaSHnHOCT 179 npasHua 114 (
npaso6paHHnawTso 187 npaso6paHHTeJb 191, 192 npasos(j)epHHK 86 npaS03aCTynHHK 160 IIpasocnauJbe 130 npasocyfje 130 npasoyraollHK 162 npasoyrnacT 274 npasoyfllH 274 npasuaTH 312 npasue 375 npaSUHTH 313 llpIDKallHH 93 npaJllHjaT 277 npaJllHK 86 npa31lHIla 96, 183 npaJllHTH 343, 344 npa3llH'IIlH 259, 292 npaJllos 176 npaJllosaTH 350 npaJllos(j)epHua 117 npaJHornasau 53 npa3HOCnOSJbe 130 npaJHoha 183 npaJHyJba 195 npaJlbHKas 255 npaKTHUH3aM 232 npaKTH'IaH 318 npaKTH'Iap 238 npaJha 154, 155 npaMH'IaK 30 npaM'IallH 272 npaoIDIua 166, 166 (
I
npatiaKaTH ce 329 npahaTH ce 329 npahllYTH ce 329 npaYlly'la.n 22 llpaxoso 176 npawaK 26 npaWHHa 95, 96 npaWHH'lHHa 103 npawHTH 343 npawllH 254 npawuHK 157, 158 npawllHua 162 npawlbas 254 npawlbHs 253 npawTaTH 329 npsaK 30, 33 npSaKHIba 105 npsaw 70 npsawu,H 295 npsellau 59 npsellCTsell 279, 281 npsellCTso 189 npsell'le 204 npsHHa 97 npSH'I 124 npsoKaTeropllHK 160 npsomrraw 70 npsoPaJpe,llall 266 npSOpO,llCTSO 188 npsopofjeH'Ie 205 npsopOTKa 107 npSOpOTKHlba 107 npsuaTH 312 np,llasau 55 np.na'lHTH ce 347 np.nelK 74 np,llllYTH 373 np,llolba 178 np,llOcHja 178 np(Hj)e 387 npe6a'laj 23 npe6(j)er 215, 216 npe6HsanHwTe 128 npe6HsaTH 368 npe6paBau 53 npe6YKHPaTH 355 npesapallT 225 npesapallUHja 218, 252 npesHjanHwTe 128 npesHjyTaK 28 npesHjywa 199 npesHpaTH 362
(lie)npeSO,llHS 283 npeSO,llHs 284 npeso,llHnau 143 npeSO,llHna'lKH 301 npeSO,llHTeJbKa 192 (lle)npeso.l\1bHS 283 np(Hj)eso3HH 265 np(Hj)eso3IlHK 157 npeS031lHIla 98 np(Hj)esoj 216 npeSpeTH 362 npespTa'l63 npespTJbHS 285 nperanau 143, 144 nperanawTBo 186 nperalbaTH ce 363 npera'la 65 nperH6ao 41 nperne,llaH 265, 266 nperllyhe 193 nperosapa'l 63 nperOpeTHlla 78 nperpa.na 16 nperpa.naK 25 nperpafjHSaTH 368 npe,llasa'l63 npe,llaja 19 npe.najllHK 158 npe.nalbe 174 npe,llse'lepje 130 npe.nse'lepIbH 293 npe.l\BH,lI(Jb)HS 284, 285 npe,llSO,llllHK 159 npe.l\BojIlH'IKa 381 npe,llsopje 130 npeArpafje 130 npe,llelbe 168 npe,ll31laJhe 174 npe,llHso 80 npe,llH36opIIH 266 npe,llHKaOIl~a 165 npe,llHKaTHBaH 317 . npe,llHnau 144 npe,llHnHua 7, 148 npe,llHJba 155 npe,llHMell3HollHpall 356 npe,llHOIlHua 166 npe.nnara'l 63 np(Hj)e.nnor 215 npe,llllOCT 180, 181 npe,lllbaK 32 npe.nIbH 294
475 npe,llonTepehelbe 174, 174 (
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpCMellOM CpnCKOM jC:lHKY
476
npeKpHBMO 150 npeKpHBa'l 63 npeKpwaj 23 npeKpWHTeJh 191 npeKcYTpaIllIbH 294 np(flj)eJllI3 216 npeJIal.l 143 npeJIeTa'l 63 ($) npeJIHBaTH 368 npeJIO 151 np(Hj)eJIOM 215 npeJha 154, 155 npCJhy6HHK 157 npeMB3 216 npeMeTa'lHHa 100 npeM(j)ewTaj 23 npeMHjepKa 134 npeMOCTIlTH 345 npeHe6peraaaTII 365 np(lIj)eHoc 215 npeHOCliB 284 npeHOCHJIau, 143 npeHohHwTe 126 npe06pa)KaBaTH 364, 365 npeo6palKaj 23 npeo6palKeHHje 84 npeo6palKeHcKH 299 npeo6palKelbe 173 npeo6pa3HTII 365 npeo6pahaTII 361 npeOBJIa~yjyl\lf
311
npeOKPeT 215 npeopaaaTit 364 npeocTaTaK 27 npenapaT 226 npenapHpaTH 356 npenacT 217 npeneJIII'lap 46 npeneJI.H'ljll 292 npene'leHIIl.la 118 np(Hj)enHc 215 npenHcKa 134 npennHBaaaTH 364 npenOTeHQHja 250 npenpe.ll.elLaK 32 npenpe.ll.elLaKoaHIi 112 npenplI'laBaTII 364 npcpa~eaHHa 100 npepa~HBa'lKH 301
npecB(Hj)eTJIlI 381 npeCBJIaKa'la 65 np(lIj)ec(j)eK 215
npeCKaKIfBam 368 npeCJIHl.la 148 npeCTajam 363 [JpeCTBHaK 25 npcCTOJIOHaCJIeAHHK 160 npeCTOJIOHaCJIe.ll.HHKOBHl.la
120 np(Hj)eCTOJhe 129 np(lIj)eCTOHH 260 [Jp(Hj)eCTOHHl.la 163 npeCTpYKTYHpaTH 353 [JpeCTpYKTYpHpaTlI 353 np(Hj)ecrynHH 265 npecY.AaH 265 npeTaKaTH 362 npeTelKHT 290 npcTcH.nenT 228 np(I!j)erehH 311 np(Hj)eTcIiKe 377 npeTe'la 19 [Jp(Hj)eTlLa 167 [JPeTOPHjaHal.l 59 npeTO'lIlTH 362 npeTnaJbelLe 174, 174 ($) npeTllJIaT3 16, 212 npeTnJIaTHHK 160 npeTnOCT3BKa 135 [JpeTnOCTaBJbeIlH 381 npeTnpOWJIII 383 npCTpalKHB3TI! 368 npCTpec 215 npeTYM6al.lHja 251 npehYTaTH 370 npeliYTKHBaTH 370 npeYlBHweHII 381 npeq,eKTYpa 249 npeXpBM6eHII 281 npel.lH3aH 264 npel.lpTaBaTH 364 npC'lara 21 npe'l3HHH 93 npe'l3HCKH 304 npe'l3CHH 381 npe'l3u, 61, 61 ($) npe'lHl.l3 118 npe'lKa 131 np(Hj)e'lHHK 158 npeilleBo 176 nplKeHHl.la 118, 122 nplKHoH1Hla 165 nplKOJIHu,3 123 nplKYH 196
np3HH1.l3 119 npH6l1A3'lB 65 IIpH6(j)elKHillTe 126 npH6JIHlK3BaTH 364 npH6JIHlKaaaTWnpH6JlHlKH BaTH 366 IIpH6pe)Kje 130 npHaaTH3auHja 251 npHBaTH3HpaTH 359 ($) [JpHsaTH30BaTH 359 nplIBaTlIHK 85 upIIse3aK 25 npHB(j)ccaK 25 npHBII.A 215 nplIBJla'laH 265 npllBpe.!\HHK 157 npHBpcMeH 261, 313 npHI'OAHl.le 375 nplI.ll.(j)cB 216 IIpHA(j)eoBTH 216 npH.no.naTaK 27 npHAOUlJIHl.la 118, 147 nplIlKeJleTH 370 npHlKeJhKHBaTH 370 npH3eMaH 266 npH3eMJbe 130 npll3eMJheILe 174 npH3eMJbHTH 345 npH3eMJhYillB 199 npH3MaTH'laH 319 npHlnaHIIl.la 122 npH3ualbe 173 npHjn 18 npfijaBHHl.la 164 npHjB3aH 268 npHjaH 38 nplljaTaH 265 npHjaTeJh 191 npHjaTeJbeBllTH 350 npHjaTeJbHTH ce 192 npHjaTeJbHl.la 116, 133, 192 [JpHjaTCJhOB 295 ($) IlpHjaTeJhOBaTH 192 npHjaTeJhCTBO 186 nplljaTH 170 npHjawHH 70 npHje.ll.Op'lanHH 94 npHjeM 217 npHjeMHHK 158 npHjcM'IHB 288 npHKB 132 npHKHBa'lKB 139
PCrHCTaP pC'l1l
\
npHKJbY'IaK 25 [JpIlKJhY'leHHje 84 [JPHKpa.naTit ce 361 npHl(pajaK 27 IIpH!<paCTH cc 361 \ npHJIarO~3BaTH 365, 366 npHJIaJ 216 npllJIen'laHHH 94 [JpHllen'lHB 288 [JPHIlIIKOM 387 [JpllJIor 213, 215 npHMaJIau 143 npHMBMJbHB 285 npllMBlbe 172 npHMapHjyc 253 npHMaTH 324, 361 npHM(j)cJl.6a 71 npHM(j)epHue 375 npHM(j)eTaH 265 npHMHpje 130 npHMHcao 41, 217 npllMHTaK 28 [JpHMHTH 324 npllMHTHBH3BM 233 npHMOpaBaTH 364 npHMopau 52 npHMopau 52 [JpHMopje 130 npHMopKa 105, 134 [JPHMOPKH_ 105 npHM'lHB 288 npHHoc 212 npllHl.leJa 227 nplIHl.lllnHjenaH 314 npHH'leBCKII 306 npHlbywKHBaTH 370 [JpHo6BJbc 130 [JpHnB.ll.HHK 159 npHnHTOMJb3BaTH 365 npHnoB(j)e.na'lKH 301 npHnoB(Hj)eCT 185 npHnoB(Hj)eTKa 135 [JpllnoMoli 217 npHnpBBHHK 159 npHnpaBHOCT 179 [JPHpaCJIHl.la 118, 147 npHpBWTaj 23 npHpe.n6a 71 npllpcnaK 27 npHpOJl.lLaK 32
np"pOll.OCJIOBJhe
130
npHpY'lHHK 86, 157
477
[JpHcBajaTII 362 npHcaojllTII 345 npllcBojHII 265 [JPltCe6HOCT 179 [JpHcnywKHBBTII 370 npHcllYillHH 265 [JPHCMOK 213 [JPHCOjKHIb3 107 [JpHcn(Hj)elie 193 npllCTBJIlIU3 147 npllCTaHaK 25 npHCTaHHJJITC 126 npHCTawa 209 npHCTOjHOCT 179 nplICTpaCTaH 260 [JPHcry[J 215 npHcryn3'lBH 269 npHcry[JHHH3 98 npHcry[JHH1.l3 164 npHCYCTBO 188 npHcyCTBoaaTII 349 [JpHT(Hj)CCHHTH 345 npHTHC3K 25 npHTKaill 68 nplITp'lBTH 370 npHTp'lKHBllTlI 370 npllXB3THJIHWTC 128 npHXB3TJhllB 284 npHXOJl. 215 npIlXPBlbHB3TH 368 nplll.la 119 npH'laJIal.l 143 npH'laJIH1.l3 147 [JpH'lBpctHTH 345 npH'lBpwliHBaTH 368 npH'leCT 185, 217 npH'lewliHllaTH 368 npH'lJbHB 285 npHwafnpHwo 209 [Jpll illHB3TH 368 npllWHTH 368 npHUlTaB 288 [JPHUlTajHB 288 [JpHUlTaCT 288 npHUJTeBau 56 npHillTeBKa 56 npHJJITCBO 56 npH1IITCBCKH 56, 303 npKolKUllja 206 np!bBB 254
npJhyra 194, 195 IIPJbylK3 195 npJbylua 195 npo63 17 np06Hpa'l 62 np06HTaK 27 np06HTa'lall 261,269 np06JICM3THlOB3TlI 359 np06nCMaTflK3 239 np06neMaTH'laH 319 np06JIeMCKH 319 npo6oj 214, 215 npo6ojau 54, 132 npOBaJIHja 82 npoBaJIHHK 159 npoBallcaJIau 223 npoaaHCaJICKH 30 I npoBH.naH 265
npJbal!KO 141
np0ll.auiU.( 54, 57 npo.naBHHl.la 164
[JPffi3B1IITHH3 211
npOBII~ell>e
175
npoBHHuujaJI3U 223 npOaHIIl.lHjaJIH33M 232. 233 npoBHHUHjaJIKa 134 npoBHHUHjcKH 300 npoBHpHB3TH 368 npOBHpHTH 368 "POBHpKHBaTH 369 npOBllllAlIH 290 npoBo.n 215 [JpoaoJl.aUllja 207 npoBOJl.aUH(j)Ka 134 npoBo.n3UH11YK 153 npOBOJl.3UIICBTH 340 npOBOJl.HHK 159, 160 npOBOKaTOP 247, 248 ($) [JPOBOKauHj3 248, 251 npOBOL\HPaTH 248, 353 nporalb3TH 362, 363 [Jporn3C 215 [Jpornawelbe 173 nporH311HK 86 npOfH3HCTBO 188 npornaTH 37\ [JpofHolep 228 npofH03HpaTH 354 npOfHOCTH'lKH 319 "POfOHHTeJb 191 [JporOHCTBO 186 nporpBMep 228 nporpaMHpaTH 354 nporpeCHBaH 317
478 npo.Qaja 19
npO,!!,HpaTH 362
npo.AOp 214
npO.Ap(Hj)CTH 362
npo.AYJKaBaTH 364
npo,AylKelhe 173
npO.AYlKeTaK 28
np0.AYlKHBa'l 64
npO,AylKHH 265
np0.AYKTHBaH 317
npO.AYKUHja 250
npO,AyIJ.HpaTH (ce) 353
npo~a
19
npolK.AHpaTH 362
npOlK.Ap(Hj)CTH 362
npOlK.ApJhHB 285
npo3aHK 220
npo3aHCT 243
npo3aH'taH 318
npo3HsKa 134
npo3HpaH 265
npo3HpaTH 216
npo3JIHTH ce 345
npo30p 216
npo30p'tHHa 103
npo30p'IHh 11, 111
npo3pa'taH 266
npoH3BO.A 215
npoH3BOAlha 167
npoH3BO~a'l
62, 63
npojelCTaHT 224
npojelCTop 218, 247
npojeK.UHj a 250
npojHUHpaTH 218, 353
npoKa 19
npOKHCJlH 384
npoKJIeTaw 69
npoKJICTHja 82
npoKJICTHlba 105
npoKJICTHHK 85, 158
npoKJIerCTBO 188
npOKon 216
npoKynau 94
n pOKYflJhe 129
npOKYIl'taHHH 94
npoJla3 212, 215, 216
npoJla3aK 212
npoJla3HTH 212
npoJla3HHK 159
npoJlaMaTH ce 362
npoJlerapHjaT 218, 227
npoJlCTep 218
.
nponerepH.ja-r 227
npOJleTlhH 293
npOJl!rroc (npoJhc-) 374
nponeTOllllhH 293
nKOJlehHH 293
n OJlHlic 193
npt'JheTHH 293
npOJbCTlhH 293
npon.eIilhH 293
npoM(j)eHa 16
npoMGJcHJhHB 283
npoM(j)eHJhHBOCT 179
npoMCTejcKH 307
npOMHJlOllleSHliescKH 307
npoMHcao 41, 217
npoMHu6a 71
npoMp3J1HHa 97
npOMYKao 383
npOHaJIaJa't 63
npOHaJIa3alllTSo 186
npoHeBGJepHTeJh 191
npoHeB(j)epHTH 345
npoHHuasaH 267
npoHHWbHs 285
nponaraH,!!,HCT 244
nponarnpaTH 356
nponaJIIITer 218, 246
nponaJIHIJ.a 1I8, 147
nponaCT 217
nponHc 215
nponHTKHSaTH ce 370
nponos(Hj)e.A 217
nponoae.AaOHHIJ.a 165
nponoB(j)e.IUIHK 157, 159
nponopUHOHaJIaH 315
nponopUHOHHPaTH 356
nponycHHua 164
nponyer 215
npopa'tYH 215
npop(Hj)e.IUITH 345
npopG)e~HsaTH
368
npope30THHa 182
npopHUaTH 323
npopoK 216
npopoKOBaTlI 350
npopo'taHcKH 13, 304, 305
npOpO'laHCTBO 13, 189
npopo·mIJ.a 113, 116
npopo'tHwTe 125
npOpO'lKH 299, 305
npocau. 54
npocserap 45
npoc1I(j)erHTeJh 191
npoc(j)e'taH 259
npocH.A6a 71
npOCHJlau 143
npocjaK 15, 31, 33
npocjaKHlha 105,106
npocja'tHHa 95
npocja'tHTH 342
npOCJlaBJhaTH 361
npOCTaK 31
npOCTaKJIYK 153
npoCTaKywa 198
npOCTaTHTHC 246
npOCTa'lHHa 101, 102
npOCTHpaTH 362
npOCTHpKa 135
npocTHTYHcaTH cc 341
npoCTHryUHja 250
npoCTo,AyWaH 266
npoCTopHja 82
npoCTOTa 181
npocrpaHCTlio IS8
npocrp(Hj)CTH 362
npOTeH.A 231
npoTeHH 240
nporelCTopaT 226
np0TeKUHOHaW 242
npoTeKUHoHH3aM 234
npOTCCTaHT 225
npOTeCTaHTH3aM 233
npoTeCTaHTKHlha 106
IlpOTeCTSOaaTH 349
npoTeCTHH 260
npOTeCTOBaTH 349, 351
npoTHsaH 266
npOTHS3aKOHHT 290
npoTHBHHK 85, 160
npoTHsnolKapHH 266
npOTHBTeHKoscKH 307
npOTHsy 374
npoTHHHua 122
npoTHHcKH 305
npoToK 214
npOTOKOJlapaH 315
npo<\>a 18
npo<j>ecHOHaJIaH 315
npo<\>ecHOHaJIau 223
npo<\>ecHOHaJlH3aM 233
npo<\>ecHOHaJIH30SaTH ce
359
npo<\>ecopKa 133
npo<\>ecopKHH 289
479
PentCTap pe'tH
TBop6a pe'tH y CaBpeMeHOM cpncKoM jC3HKY npo<\>ecop't}di III
np0tPecypa 249
npotPHJllIlCTH'tKH 319
npotPHTep 228
riP0tPHTHpaTH 354
npotPYKlha'ta 67
npoxH6HUHOHH3aM 234
npoxo~a
19 (<\»
npoue,AypaJIaH 314
npouelKuHja 206
npoIJ.eHTYaJIaH 315
npOIJ.eCHH 315
npoIJ.ecop 247
~pouecYaJIaH 315
npo'tHwliaBaTH 365
npowesHHa 99, 100
rw,p""
1
173
POWJlH 384
POIUJlOro,!!,HlIIlhH 293
POIUJlOCT 180
npoWlha 167
npowYlIIJheKaTH 330
npnapow 184
npnoJhaK 29
npnoPaK 29
,npcaT 276
npcHMHue 376
npCHTH ce 343
npcKaJIHua 147
dPCKaTH 329
npcKoTHHa 182
npcnYK 153
npcHH 260
npCTeH 76
npCTeHaCT 273
npcreHOBaTH 350
npcreH'IHIi III
~pcTelbe
129
npCTHIi 108
npCTHH 260
npTHHa 97
nprJhar 21
rlprJhara 21
hPTJDIDKHHK 157, 1S8
npTJhaHau 57
'ipliaCT 274
npyraCT 273
PPYlKaTH 361
~pycKHlba 106
r'M'.'S2
pylie 14, 128, 129
. pxyT 197
I
II
I
npUBOJhaK 29
npIJ.OJhaK 29
np'tKapHja 83
np'tMOJhaK 29
nplIIHIi lIO
nCeTaHue 202
nceralllUe 202
nCCTHIIITe 78, 126
ncCTO 16
nceliH 292
nCHKaTH 327
nCHHa 78, 102
nCHIi 108
nCHX03a 246
nCHXOJlOrH3lfpaTH 357
nCHXOJlOIIIKH 300 (<\»
nCHXonaTHja 234
nCHXOCOMaTCKH 321
ncos 295
ncosa't 62
nCOrJlaB 217
nTHli 109
IITH'ta,A 22
nTH'iap 46
nTH'tapHHK 162
nTH'te 74, 203, 204
IITH'iCTHHa 78
IITH'tHIJ.a 123
nTH'tjH 291, 292
DTH'iypHHa II, 103, 104
lly6eprerJlHja 146
ny6J1HKaUllja 251
ny6J1HKOBaTH 349
ny6J1HUHCT 243
ny6J1HIJ.HCTHKa 240
ny6J1HIJ.HCTH'tKH 321
ny6JIHU11Ter 245, 246
nY.AepHCaTI! 340
ny,ApHjepa 237
IIYlK 212, 213
lIYlKes 292
nYlKeBJhes 297
nylKCBJhH 292
lIYlKescKH 306
nYlKHli 108
nyJaaBU 5S
nyJaBHIJ.a 121
nyJehKe 376
nYKHyTWnyliH 372
nYKosHHja 81
nYKOSHHK 12, 161
nYKoBHHKosHIJ.a 120
nyKOTHHa 182
nYJlcHpajyhH 311
nYMnaTH 327
nYMnaUHja 208
nYHaH 272
nYHaxaH 269
nYHa'iaK 257
nYHa'iaH 269
nYHaIIIaH 268
nYH.ApaB 55 (Ijl)
nYH.ApaBau. 55, 55 (<\»
nYH.ApaTH ce 55 (<\»
nYHHJlau. 143
nYHHTH 343
nYHtcryaJlaH 315
nYHOJIeTCTBO 187
nyHOMOIi 187
nYHoMolije 128, 130, 187
nYHoMolicTSO 187
nYHOHa,AelK,AaH 260
nYHolia 183
nYHu.aT 12, 312
nYHIJ.HT 313
nYlha'i 61
nylhelhe 172
nynaBau 54, 55
nynHTH 342
nynOJbaK 29
nyn'iaHH 271, 272
nypHCTH'iKH 321
DypHTBHCKH 300
nycaTJlH 51 (tP)
nyCTapa 50
nyCTaxHja 51
nyCTHlha 13, 37, 105
nyCTHlbaK 13, 33, 37
nyCTjCTH 337
nYCTOJlHHa 16
nYCTowaH 268
nYCTOwHTII 343
nyr 386, 387
nyralh 38
nyTBII>B
41
nyrap 45
nyrapHHa 98
nyra'ia 66
II)'TeJhaK
29
nyreM 387
nyrepHHa 103
nyreweCTBHje 84
nyTHHK 156-159
nyTOBaIl>e
172
,
480
TBop6a pe'lH y CaBpeMCHOM CpnCKOM je3HKY PernCTap pe'lH
nyroKaJ 217 nyroM 387 (cjJ) nYTonHCal\ 51 nYTyjynH 311 nynH 362, 372 nynnypHKaTH 330 nyxap 42 nyxop 42 (cjJ) nYl\aBal\ 54 nYl\aJbKa 13 8 nYl\alb 40 nYl\aTH 362, 372 nYl\e 20 I nyl\KapaTH 331 nYl\KaTH 334 nYl\KeTaTH 333, 334 nYl\lbaBa 21 ny'laHHH 93 nY'laHCTBO 189 nywa'l63 nywHOHHl\a 165 nywKa 135 nywKap 42, 45 nywKapaTH 331 nylllKapHHl\a 164 IlywKHH 381 IlywKHHHjaHa 236 nylllHHl\a 164 nYlllTaTH 361 nylll'laHH 271, 272 nyw'IepHHa 103 n'lenap 45 n'lenapHHK 162 ll'lenapCTBo 187 ll'lenHlbaK 32, 37 ll'lenHIbH 294 llWeHH'IHlllTe 125 pa60Ta 17 pa60w 184 paBaH 214, 217 paBHaTH 327 paBHHHa 96 paBHHl\a 114, 118 paBHH'Iap 45 paBHO~HeBHl\a 117 paBlba'la 64, 65 par6HcT 243 p~ 214 Pa~a 18 P~aK 33 P~all 50
Pa~e 73, pa~eHHK
74 87 Pa~CTa 77 pa~Hjyc 253 pa~HnHl\a 148 p~HnHUlTe 128 pa~HII 91 paAHOHHl\a 13, 165 pa~HocjJoHCKH 300 p~Ho-noKaTop 247 ($) p~HCT 243 P~HIl 109 pa~HneBcKH 307 P~Hl\a 118 PaAH'I 124 Pa~H'IeBHh III p~HUla 125 Pa~HUla 125 pa~HUlaH 268 Pa,n,JbHB 281 p~HH 265 pa~HHK 157, 160 pa~HHl\a 116, 117, 163 p~HHWTBO 186 p~lba 167 pa~oBaTH ce 180 Pa~oBHn 112 pa~o~ajKa 135 PaAoje 74, 138, 176, 177 Pa~ojKa 133, 138 P~OjKO 138, 140, 142 Pa~oMHp 177 Pa~ocaBJbeBHIl 112 Pa~ocHja 178 P~ocnaB 177 p~OCHHl\a 118 pa.a.OCT 180 p~ocTaH 180 Pa~oCTHja 178 P~oTa 182 Pa~olll 183 Pa~YH 196 p~Yl\KaTH 335 P~Yllla 198 pa~aTH 362 Pa~cBHHa 99 pa~eBcKH 302 palKaH 278 palKcH 278, 279 palKeHHl\a 166 palKlbHIl 109 palKoBHT 291
palKOBHHl\a 166 pa3apaTH 362 pa3apa'l 63 pa36HjaTH 363 pa36HnI 363 paJ60jHHK 160 PaJ60jHHUlTBO 187 pa36ojCTBo 187 pa360JbCBaTH ce 367 (cjJ) pa360pHT 290 pa3BaJIHHa 97 pa3BaJbHBaTH 368 pa3BeApaBaTH 364 paJBHja'l 63 paJBHTaK 25, 28 pa3BHIle 193 pa3BO~HHK 159 pa3Boijc 130 pa3Boj 215 pa3BpaTHHK 85 pa3rna6aTH 362 plbrncAaTH 363 paJrne~HHl\a 163 (cjJ), 164 paJrno6HTH 362 pa3roBeTaH 268 pa3rpa~HBa'l 64 paJrpaHaToCT 179 paJ~aJbltJla 97 pa3~Baj aTH 362 pa3~eo6a 70 pa3~epoTHHa 182 pa3A06Jbe 130 PaJAOP 212 pa3~palKJbHB 283 pa3jacHHTH 345 pa3jawlbelbe 174 paJna3 215 pa3nHBaTH 367 pa3nHKOBaTH 350 pa3nH'IHT 290 paJnolKHT 290 pa3MaK 215, 216 paJMaTPaTH 362 pa3M(j)eHa 16 PaJMCTJbHB 285 pa3MHolKaBaTH 364 pa3Ho6ojaH 266 pa3HOJIHKOCT 178 pa30paH 265 pa30pYlKaibe 173 pa3o'lapaBajyllH 311 paJO'lapalbe 173
pa3pe~HHK
85 64 pa3p(j)eUlaBaTH 364 paJPOI'(l'lHTH 347 paJY3AaHoCT 1'19 pa3YM(Hj)eBaTH 367 pa3YMjCTH 337 PaJYMJbHB 283, 284 Paja 20 pajCTHH 16 pajHHcKH 305 PajHIl 109 PajH'I 124 PajKo 140 PaKa 132 paKCTHpaTH 354 paKHjaw 69 paKHjarnHHl\a 166 paKHjCTHHa 78 paKHjewHHa 104 paKHjH'IHHa 103 paKHj'lHHa 103 paKH'IHHa 103 paKHUHja 207 paKHUlTHHa 210 PaKOBHl\a 120 paKYUlal\ 61 Pane 144 panHl\a 115 paMeHH 261 paMelba'la 65 paHHTH 342 paHKa 134 paHKoBHlleBal\ 55 paHOpaHHnal\ 144 paHopaHHnHl\a 147 palbeHHK 86 palbeHHl\a 122 palbHB 281, 284, 285 paoHH 271 paoHHK 162 panopTHpaTH 354 pac~HHK 160 pacBHTaK 28 pac(j)eKoTHHa 182 pac(j)enHHa 97 pac(j)eCTH cc 97 paCH3aM 233 paCHnHHK 85, 158, 159 pacHCT 243 paCHCTH'IKH 321 pacKH~ 215 paJpe~HBa'l
pacKHHylle 193 paCKnHMaTaTH 333 paCKnOnHB 284 pacKoMoTHTH (ce) 345 pacKoUlje 129 pacKpHHKaTH 328 pacKYBaBaTH 364 pacnHlbe 107 pacna~ 215 pacn~yr 384 pacnaKHBaTH 369 paCnaKOBaTH 369 pacnapHTH 345 pacn(j)cBaH 384 pacncno 151 pacnelle 151, 194 paCnHTKHBaTH ce 369 paCIlnCT 215 paCnnHlba'l 62 pacno~(j)cna 16 pacnonOlKelbe 174 pacnonolKHB 284 pacnOH 214 pacnpoCTPaHHTH 365 pacnpoCTPalbaBaTH 365 pacnpcKaBaTH 369 pacnpcKHBaTH (ce) 369 pacnpCKHBa'l 64 pacnpcHyrH ce 369 pacnYKHylle 193 pacnYUlTeHHl\a 117 paCT 214 paCTaHaK 25 paCTanaTH 361 paCTern,aj 24 paCTerJbH B 283, 284 paCTelbe 168 paCTHlbe 107 PaCTKo 141 paCTojalbe 175 paCTOnHTH 361 paCTPojCTBO 189 paCTyIlH 311 pacyno 151 pacxo~ 215 paCXO~OBaTH 350 paCl\(j)enKaHoCT 179 paTapCTBO 186 paTHcjJHKal\Hja 251 paTH$HKOBaTH 360 paTHWTe 126 PaTKa 131
481 PaTKO 140 paTnYK 153 (cjJ) paTHHK 156, 157 paTHHl\a 163 paToBaTH 350 pay60BaTH 351 PacjJaHno 152 pacjJHHepHja 236 paxaTnyK 153 (cjJ) paxaT-noKYM 153 (cjJ) paxHTH'I3H 318 paxMCTnH 145 paxMCTnHja 145 p3l\HoHHpaTH 356, 357 p3l\KH 299 pa'lBa 72 pa'lBaCT 273 pa'lBaTH ce 327 pa'lHIl 108 pa'ljH 292 Pa'lKH 381 Pa'lKOB 297 pa'lYHaJIO 47, 150 pa'lYHaJbKa 138 pa'lynap 47 pa'lyH3TH 326. 327 pa'lyHHl\a 117 pa'lyHoBo~CTBO 188 pa'lYHUHja 207 P3llIa 209 P3llIKa 299, 303, 381 (cjJ) P3llIKH 298 PamKo 140 p3lllJbHKa 89 PaUloBHIl 112 p3llloMoHHj~a 221 pallII1elbe 168 p3lll'lnalbHB 284 pB3lbe 171 pB3'162 p~aB 254 p~eJb 76 p~BWTHHa 211 p~aTH 326 p~yUlTH Ha 211 peaKTOP 247 peaKl\HOHap 242 peaKl\HOHapaH 316 peanH3aM 233 peanH3aTop 248 peanH30BaTH 359 peanHCT 244
PCrHCTap pe'lll 482
Tsop6a PC'lH YCasPCIIICHOM CPIlCKOM jC3HKY
peaJIHCTH'laH 319
peaJIHCTH'lKH 321
peaJIKa 133, 134
peaJIHOCT 179
pe6apue 201
pe6paCT 274
pe6peHHua 122
peBaHwH3alll 233
peBH3HOHH3aM 234
peBH30p 247
peBHjaJIaH 314
peBHoBarn 351
peBOJlBepaW 68
peBoJlYUHoHap 242
peBoJlYUHOHapaH 270, 316
peBoJlyuHoHHpaTH 356
pereHepHcaTH (ce) 341
perHOHaJIaH 315
pCrHOHaJIH3lIM 232
perHCTp3TYpa 250
perHCTpaUHja 251
perpynuHja 251
peryJl3TOp 248
peryJlHC3TH 341
p(Hj)e.!laK 256
pe.!laK 26
pe.!laKTOP 247
pe.l{aKUHja 218
pC.I{aKUHjcKIi 270, 271
PC.a.aKUHOHH 270, 271
pc.a.aJJ,Ka 138
pc.a.ap 45
pe.a.apa 49
pe.a.apKa 49
pe,llHroBaTH 218
PC,llHH'lC 205
pe.l{HTCJb 191
pC.!\HTCJbKa 133
pCA!L3 167
peAoB 176
pe.l{OBaH 267
pe.!lOSHHK 161
pC.!lOIll 377
pe.!lYKOBaTli 349
pe.l{yKTOp 247
PC.!lYKUllj3 250
pe.!lYW3 199
pelj3TII 327
pe)Kalb 40
pC)KHlllnHja 145
pe)KHpaTH 354
pe)Kllcep 229
pe3 214
pe3aK.257
pe3aJJ,K3 138
pC3lIHau 5~
,
pe36a 83 pe36ap 83
pe36apHja 83
pe36apHTH 342
pe3epBaT 226
pe3epSHCaTH 340
pe3HA6a 71
Pe3HKa 89
pe30HaHua 252
pe30HalluHja 252
pe30HaTOp 248
pe30HoBaTH 349, 350
pe3yJITaT 226
pe3YUKaTH 335
peKBH3HTep 228, 229
PCKCTaW 69
peKJIaMauHja 251
peKIlaMep 228
peKJIaMHpaTH 354
peKJl3-K33aJ13 382
peKOHBaJIeCUeHuHj3 250
peKop.a.ep 228, 229
peKTopaT 226
peJlaTltBH30B3TH 359
penaTHBHCT 244
peJl3THBHTCT 245
peJlaUlija 251
peJlHrHjcKH 318
peJlHrH03aH 318
peMelbe 129
peH.!lHCaTH 340
peHTHjep 229
peoprauH3aTop 248
pell 229 ($)
pellapaTYpa 250
pell3T 276, 276
pell3THua 118
pCllaTpHjaUHja 251
penCJbaK 29
pellep 229
pellCTllpK3 135 ($)
pellCTHrop 249
pellHHa 102
PCIlHI'i 108
pellHua 115
pCnH'lHH 289
pellOBaTH 229 ($)
PCIlOIL3 177
pcnopTep 228
pcnpe3cHT3THBaH 317
pcnpe3cHTaUllja 251
penpeCaJ1Hje 224
PCllpcclIsaH 317
pellpo.a.YKosaTH 349
PCIIPOAYKTHllall 317
pCnpO.!lYKUHja 250
peny6J1HKaHau 58
peny6J1HKaNCKH 304
pcny6J1H'lKH 304
penYJha 195
penyx 197
penylll 198
pcnymau 61
PCllywlIHa 104
Pecasa 21
peCKaTH 328
pecKHpaTH 353
pccHaT 277
peCoplll.\Hja 250
pcclieKTOBaTH 351
pecIlcKTYo33H 318
pecnHpaTop 248
pecrop3H'IHh III
pCCTopaTep 230
PCCTpHKTHS3H 317
pecYJha 195
pCTepHpaTH 353
pCTOpHK3 239
pcl'iH 372
peYMaTH3aM 234
peYMaTH'laH 319
peyMaTH'lap 45, 238
pCYlllaTcKH 321
pe$cpa.u,a 221
pe$epaT 226
pecjlepcHT 228
pe$epeHTaH 316
pe$opMaTop 248
pe$opMH33M 233
pe$opMllcaTH 340
peueH3eHT 227, 247
peucH311paTH 354
peueu30p 247
peuenuHoHcp 242
peuHKIlalKa 222
peUHllpoUHTCT 245
pCUHTarop 248
peUKaTH 328
pe'leliHUa 118, 122
*p(j)C'lHK 155
I
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p(j)e'lHT 290 p(j)C'lHTOCT 179
p(j)e'lIlQa 200
p(j)e'lHH 259
p(j)e'lHHK 158
p(j)e'lua 200
p(j)ewelbe 172
peweTKa 132
p(j)ewHB 284
p3al'i 50
pH6aHau 53
pH6ap 44
pH6apHTH 342
pH6apHHua 164
pH6apcKH 301
pH6apCTBo 186
pH6ap'le 204
pH6a!iH 278
pH6clK 74
pH6CTHHa 78
pH6HI'i 108, 109
pH6JbH 292
pH6ILaK 35
PHBaJIHTCT 246
pHBaJICTBO 186
pHraBHua 120
PHljall 38
pHijaCT 274
pHljewa 79
PH1joBKa 136
pHljywa 199
pll3HH'lap 45
PlijeTKOCT 180
Pllje'laHHH 94
pHKHYTH 373
PHJle 145
pltJlIIUa 115
pHJlII'lap 46
PHJlO 151
PHMJbaHHH 93
PIIMJhaItKa 134
PHCK3HTaH 315
pHCKlipaTH 353
pHcKoBaTIi 350
PHCTa 19
PHCTHI'i 109
PHCTocHja 178
pHTMHKa 239
pHTMH'IaH 318, 320
pHTMH'lKH 320, 321
pHTHYTH (ce) 373
PHl.\HHYCOB 296
pMllaJIHja 146 po6Hja 82
po611jam 69
po6HjarnHHua 163
P06HH30Ha.u,a 220, 221
P06HH30HHja.u.a 220, 221
p06HHXy.a.OBCKII 307
pooHlba 10, 105
po6Jbe 129
pooHH 257, 259, 262
P060BaTH 350
p060BJIaCHHK 160
p060BCKH 306
po6oTltKa 239
P06YCHH 260 ($)
P06YCTaH 260
POB 214
pOBllpllTH 345
pOBau 54
POBHTH 345
pOBKa 124
pOB'lHUa 124
poraT 276
pora'l 63
POroBJbC 131
porolKap 42
porolKHHa 95
porolHH395
porolb3 177
porow 184
porowa 184
poryJha 195
poryJbe 195
porywa 199
poryWHTlt ce 347
PO.!l 214
po.l{aH 258, 265
po.a.6HHa 98
PO,l.\llJlHlUTC 128
po,lUtJha 154
PO.!\HTCJb 191
PO.!lOBHH 267
PO.!lOBHHK 161
po.a.OBCKH 306
po.a.oJby6217
po.!loJby6Jbe 130, 131
po.a.oM 386
po.a.OHa'leJlHHK 160
PO.!lOCKSPHHTCJb 192
PO.a.ocKBplbelbe 174
po~a 20
PO~aK 31, 33
483
poljaKa 16 (cjl), 19, 105
polj3KHlba 105
poljalllTBO 185
poljelbe 172
po~o 131
pOlKaII 259
pblKaH 259
polK3CT 273
POlK.!leCTBO 185
polKuaT 259, 277
polKlba'la 67
pojHTH ce 343
POKa.u.a 221
poKep 229
POKH 140
POKOBIIHK 161
POKca 18
POKc3Ha 40
POKcaH.!\1I1'i 109
poKTaTH 332
poJICTHap 44
poMaHecKHH 253
POlll311H30Bam 358
poM3uHKa 239
poMaHHCT 244
POM3HcHjep 230
poMalITH3lIM 232
POMallTit'lall 260
POM3I1TH'Iap 237
POMKHIL3 107
po"au 54
polIHllan 143
POIbCJbC 168
ponKlilba 106
pollOTaTH 334
POIICTBO 186
ponTalbe 171
ponTaTH 333
poll'le 204
PocHHHjeB 295
pocHaT 277
pocyJha 195
poCyJhaB 256
poTapHjaHau 59
poTauHOHH 270
poTHpajyhH 311
poTHpaTH 356
poTKHlba 107
po'lHWTe 127
poWKa 131
POWTHJbHja,!la 221
pow'lHIi III
484
TBop6a pe'lH YcaBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY
pow'IHliaK 30 PTalb 40 pyraJIHl.\a 148 pyraJIo 151 pyrJlo lSI pyro6a 72 py.nap 44 py.naPCTBO 187 pY.l\a'l366 py.nIba'la 67 py.noIba 177 PYlkHli 109 pYlkH'IacT 274 PYlk"'IlbaK 35 PYlk"olia 183 Pyja 20 pYKaa 15 pYKaBal.\ 52 pYKaBlIl.\a 115, 121 PYKHl{a 114 PYKOBaJIat\ 143 pYKoBaTH ce 350 PYKoBO.l\eliH 311 PYKoBoAHnal{ 143 PYKOBOIlCTBO 189 PYKOMeTIllll 68 pYKonHc 212 PYKoTBopHHa 96 PYKYHHl.\a 123 pYMeH 217 PYMeHHKa 90 pYMeHHJlO 152 PYMeHHTH ce 344 pYMeHKaCT 275 PYMelbe:rH 337 PYMYHHja 235 PYMYHCKH 300 PYHilOB 176 pynH'IaB 254 pynH'I3CT 274 pyn'lara 15, 16 Pyc 235 pyCH3aM 232 PycHja 235 PYCH!jJIII.\HpaTHI-H!jJHKoBaTH 349, 359, 360 PYCKH 14, 298 PycKHlba 106 PYCOOBCKH 307 pY'laBaTH 325, 364 pY'laK 25 pY'laTit 364
PY'IeKalLa 75 PY'IepAa 76 pY'le:rHHa 15, 78, 197 py'lHl{a 14, 15, 114 py'IKa 131 PY'lHH 15, 259 py'lHHK 158 py'lJLaK 34 PY'IYP.l\a 14, 15, 76, 197 py'lypHHa II, 103 pyweB3H 268 pyweBHHa 100 PYWHJlat\ 143 pyWHJl3'1KH 299 pYIllHTeJL 191 PywKa 132 c36HPaJIHWTe 128 ca6Hpaibe 171 ca6HpHH 265 ca6JlalkibaBaTH 364 ca6nalklbHB 281, 286 Ca6nll3HHTH 286 Ca6JLapK3 139 Ca6JLe:rHH3 78 ca60p 216 ca60pHcaTH 340 Ca60TaJKa 222 ca60Tep 228 ca60THpaTH 356 CaBel 215, 216 CaBelHHK 157 CaB(j)e:rHHK 158-160 caB(j)e:roBaJIHIIlTe 128 caB(j)e:rOBaTH 350 CaBHjaTH 363 caBHja'la 65 CaBHjYTaK 28 Ca~HTH 363 Ca~ilTJLHB 284 Calmli 109 Cal!naljHBaTH 368 callpeMeH 261, 313 CaBpeMeHHK 85 caBpweH 280 ca8pweHCTBo 187 CaBl{aT 312 CaBl{HT 313 carnacje 129 ' carOBopHilK 160 carop(Hj)eBaTH 367 carop(j)e:rH 367
Cll,JI.a 374 Cll,Il.albH 293, 294 Cll,Il.aWIbH 294 Cll,Il.aWIbOCT 180 Cll,Il.H3aM 233 ClI,II,HlllIl{a 139 Cll,Il.HJLKa 139 CliJulCT 243 Cll,Il.HCTH'IKH 321 Cll,Il.HCTKHIb3 106 Cll,Il.HHl.\a 164 Ca,D.ILa 167 Cll,Il.plkaj 23 Cll,Il.plk3TeJL 191 cll,Il.plkHHa 97 CalkaJIHTH (ce) 367 C3lkaJbeBaTH 367, 367 (!jJ) C3lkaJbelbe 174 C3lkaJbHB 285 Calke:raK 27, 28 C3lke:rH 362 C3lkHMaTH 362 Ca3B(Hj)elk~e 130 Ca3BY'lje 130 Ca3HB 215 Ca3HBa'l63 Ca3H3Ibe 174 Ca3p(Hj)eBaTH 367 c3jMHwTe 126 cajUHja 206, 207 C3KaTHTH 343 CaKcoIjJOHHCT 244 canaTapa 48 CaJIawap 45 CaJIe 144 CaJIe6UHja 2e8 CaJIen'lHja 201l CaJIOH 246 caM3pHbaHHH 93 CaMapUHja 207 CaM31{ 53 CaMa'iKH 308 caMHI.\a 116, 118 CaMOBaTH 351 caMornacHHK 160 caMOllplkal.\ 21 CaMOKOBJlHja 146 caMoKpec 217 caMOOllplKalLe 174 caMoonpeA(j)eJLelbe 174 caMoonTYlKyjyhH 312 caMonoyJAalbe 174
Pefllcrap pe'lH CaMOcaJl(aJbelbe 174 CaMOTa 181 caMOTHILa 182, 183 caMOTOBaTH 351 caMolia 183\ caMoYHHWTallajyliH 312 caMoYHHWTeILe 174 caMoxo.naH 266 CaMOXpaH 261 c3MpnIHK 157, 158 C3MYHno 152 CaMypoBHHa 99 CaMI.\3T 312 CaMl{HT 312, 313, 313 CaHaK 26 CaHaK 271, 272 CaH.l\anOBHHa 99 C3H.l\Y'Iapa 47, 49 c3HJlY'le 203, 204 CaHHTe:rnHja 145 CaKKaTH ce 326 caHKl{Hja 357 CaHKl{HOHHCaTH 357 CaHOBHHK 161 CaKUaKaT 226 CaKUaKJlHja 146 C3IbaJIat\ 143 CalLaJIHl.\a 147 calbaJIO 150 CaibaP 47 calbapelbe 171 calbapHja 83 CaibapHTH 346 CaibaTH 327 calbHB 279, 287 cao6pahaj 23 cao6pabaj3l{ 51 cao6paliajKa 9, 133 CaOnWTaBaTH 364 caonWTelbe 174 CanJleMeHHK 160 canYHapa 48 canYHaTH 326 canyHHKa 89 canYHHl{a 117 canYHUHja 207 canYIbaB 253, 254 canyIbaTH 326 capBAlba 167 CapajeBKa 134 *CapajeBnKja 14 CapajeBo 14, 176
CapajKa 134 CapajJlHja 14, 146, 147 CapajJlH(j)Ka 134 CapajJlHIi 109 CapKaCTH'IaH 318 cacJlywalbe 173 caCTaBaK 27 caCTaBHHa 97 cacrajaJIHWTe 128 caCTaHaK 25 C3CTaH'IHTH 343 caCTOjaK 25 cacrojaTH ce 170 caCTpYlKaK 25 CaTaHH30Bam 358 campaTH 362 caTHpHK 237 caTHPlf'laH 318, 320 campH'Iap 43, 238 caTHpH'IKH 320 caTHh 108 CaTHH 262 CaTHHI.\a 163 caTpaHHja 81 caTPTH 362 CaTyPHOB 296 caY'lecHHWTBO 186 caY'lecTBOBaTH 349 c3Y'1ewhe 130 caJC.aUHja 206 Ca'leKYw3 199 ca'lM3pa 49 ca'iMapHl.\a 121 C3UHja 206 Cawa 2G!! CBar.l\3IbH 294 CBar.l\aWIbH 2'4 cBll,Il.6a 71 CBll,Il.6apHHa 98 cBll,Il.6apHTH 346 CBll,Il.OOHH 279 cBll,Il.60BaTH 350 CBll,Il.HTH ce 285 (!jJ) CBll,Il.JLlIB 285 cBalja 19 cBaljana'lKH 30) cBaljanHl.\a 147 CBaljYI{KaTH ce 335 CBaKH.l\3IbH 294 CBaKHAawlbH 294 CBalOU\IIWIbHQa
118
CBaKO)lHeBHH 266
485 CBaH)'TH 373 cBaHylie 193 CBapJLHB 284 CBaCT 89 CBaCTHKa 89 CBaCTH'IHH 288 CBaTOaal{ 57 CBawTaP 44 CBaWTapa 47 CBawTapHTH 342 CBawT03HaJIat\ 144 CBeBalkeliH 312 CBeBH.l\eli(H) 310, 312 CB(j)e.l\OKHIba 105 cB(j)e.l\O'laKCTBO 189 cB(j)e.l\O'lHTH 342 cB(j)ellou6a 71 CBe.l\PlkHTeJL 21, 192 CBelk3lb 40 cBGlelkHHa 96 CBC3lIK 27 c(a)Be3aTH 216 CBC:lHll,Il.ap 43 cBe3l1ajyli(H) 310, 312 CBC3HanHl{a 147 cBeKpBHHcKH 305 CBeMHp31{ 52 cBeMoryli 309, 312 cBeMoryliaH 181 cBeMoryliHOCT 181 CBeMOliaH 266 CBecTpaHOCT 178 CBe:ra 19 CBe:raK 27 CBe:ra'lKH 299 CBeTHJlHWTe 127, 128 cB(j)e:rHJLKa 139 cB(j)e:rHHa 102 CBe:rHlba 105 CB(j)cmtOHilK 139, 161 CB(j)e:rHOHH'Iap 43 CBCTHTeJL 191 CBe:rHTH 171 CBentWTe 127 CBeTKOBaTH 352 CBeTKOBIiHa 97, 100 CB(j)e:rJlaHa 39 cB(j)e:rnapHHK 162 cB(j)e:rnal.\ 61 cB(j)e:rJleIiH 311
coG)ernHKa 90 cB(j)eTnilKaCT 275
486 cB(j)erllHJhKa 139 cB(j)erlloCT 180 cB(j)erllyuaB 254 cB(j)erllyuaTH 335 cB(j)eroBHH 261 CBerOBIMIK 32 cBerorpl)c 130 CBerOCaBJhe 130 CBeroCT 178 cB(j)eliap 44 CBeneHH 280 CB(lij)cli lbaK 35 clleYliliWTaBajyllH 312 CBeY'lHlIHWTe 128 CBe'laH 272 CBe'laHOCT 179 CBC'lap 46 CBCWTeHIi 280 CBeWTeHHK 85, 87 CBeWTeHHL\a 122 CBCWTCHCTBO 186 CBH6aH. 40 cBHjerllHTH 337 cBHjerJherH 331 CBHjynK 28 CBHJlajHaL\ 52 CBlfJlaHa 39 cBHllap 42, 44 cBHllapa 48 CBHlIaCT 214 CBHlICH 279 CBHlleHaCT 274 CBHllellKaCT 215 CBIIJlOPY" 261 cBHlbapHja 83 CBHl!.au 52 CBHl!.erIiHa 17 cBHlbellH 292 CBHl!.OrojCTBO 188 CBHl!.ypBK 30 CBlIlb'le 204 cBHpana 142 CBHpa'l 62, 63 CBHpHTH 345 cBlipKa 8, 135 CBIlPHYTH 313 cBHpYKaTIi 331 CBHpYUaTIi 335 CBHpYL\KaTH 335 CBHTaK 26, 28 CBHTaTH 313 cBjcAou6a 71
TBop6a pe'jH YcaBpeMellOM cpncKoM je:lHKY cBjeliaJlo 121 CBlIa'lHOHHL\a 165 cBojaKaTH ce 329, 341 cBoja'lHTH cc 341 cllojA6a 71 \, cBojeBOlbaH 266 CBOjCPY'l3H 259 cBojHHa 98 CBOjCKH 303, 322 cBojCTBeH 280 cBojCTBeHoCT 179 CBOjCTBO 189 CBOjTa 16 cBpa6 214 cBpa6cJK 75 cBpa6JhHB 281 CBpaTHlIHWTC 128 CBpaTHWTC 126 cBpa'ljH 292 cBp6eJK 74 cBpraBaTH 324, 365 cBprHYTH 324 cBpfHylie 193 cBp.nanue 201 CBpCTaTH 328 CBpWaBaTH 366 cBpweraK 28 Ce6H'laH 269 CC6H'lje 130 CC6H'IlIYK 154 Ce61i'lIlOCT J19 Ce6H'lH.aK 32 CeBll.a(x)lIHja 131 (!jJ), 145 CCB}l.aJlHHKa 131 c(j)eBepau 9, 52 c(j)eBCp!baK 32, 36 C(j )cBcplba'la 66 c{Hj)eBHYTH 313 c{llj)ell.a 381 c(j)eJlaJIo 151 c(j)ell.anL\e 201 (!jJ) c(j)ell.aTl! 36 I c(j)cll.(j)enau 143 c(j)eA(j)ella'lKH 143 (!jJ) c(j)ell.clbe 168, 171 c(j)eA(j)erli 361 c(j)e.nelill 3 II c(j)e.ncIiIiB 288 c(j)ell.eIiKe 316 ceAe!jJaCT 274 ceAe!jJlIlija 145 c(j )eIl.IiWTC 126
cCJllIap 44 ceAMaK 33, 34 (
PernCTap PC'HI cCMcCTpanaH 314 CCHaTop 241 ceHaTopoBHua 120 CCHABH'lapa 48 CCH.nBH'IapHHua 164 ceH3aUl!ja 251 CeH3al1HOHaJlaH 315 CeH3HfiHJIHTeT 246 CeH3HfiHJIHOCT 246 ceH3yanaH 315 ceHHlIaH 264 C(j)cHHHa 101 (!jJ) c(j)eHKa 132 c(j)eHOBHT 291 CCHTHMCHTaJlHCT 244 CeHTHW 125 CeHliallHH 93 ceHliaHcKH 304 c(j)eH'laTH 326 c(j)elbaK 33 cco6a 70 ceOCKH 302 ceoue 201 cenapaTaH 264 cenapaTH3aM 233 cenapaTHCT 244 cenCHH 262 cenTer 230 CenTH'laH 318 CenTH'lKH 262 cepOOKpOaTH33M 233 cepBep 228 cepBllparn 356 CCpBHpKa 135 cepBHcep 229 CepeHaAa 221 cepolba 118 cecHl1AeMHllOBCKH 301 cG)ecTI! 361 cecrpeOIliHa 104 cecrpliHcKH 305 cecrpHHCTBO 188, 190 CecTpHTH 342 cecTpHIi 109, III cecTpH'IHHa 103, 124 cecrpH'IHIi III cecrpH'lHa 124 cecrpywHlla 104 c(j)eTBa 12, 13 c(j)eTBeHIi 279 c(j)erKapHTH 346 c(j)elialbC 112
c(j)eliaTH (ce) 361 ce!jJTeHcaTH 339 ceueCHOHH3aM 234 ccueCHOHHCTH'lKH 218 cCUHpaTH 353 C(j)CL\HWTC 125 c(j)eL\KaJlHL\3 147 c(j)eL\KaTH 328 c(j)c'la 19 C(j)C'IHBO 19, 80 C(j)C'IIiMHL\e 316 cewa 209 CH6HpaU. 52 CHBBJh 38 CHBaL\ 6, 53 CHBHllO 152, 183 cHBjerH 331 cHBKas 255 CHBKaCT 275 CHBOl!.a 111 cHBoha 183 cHByr 194 cHByra 194 CHBYlba 195 cHBYlbaCT 216 cHBywKaCT 216 CHfHanH31lpaTH 358 CHrHaJlHCT 243 CllrHaTYPa 250 CHrHHpaTH 250 cHryPaQHja 251 cHAaUlija 208 CHAaw 69 cHApaw 69 CHIl.PIiWTC 126 CH3H!jJOBCKH 301 CIi31i!jJoBwTHHa 211 clijarn 373 cHje)JjerH 331 cHjeno 151 cHje'lal!. 40 CIiKa 132 CHKTaTH 332 CHKTepywa 199 CHlla 386 CHlIa3aK 25 CHlIaH 260 cHlIecHja 16, 118 clilleUHja 208 CHlIHKaT 226 CHlIliK03a 246 CHlIHHa 96
481 CHnilTH 343 CHJlIIHK 85 CHIIOBBTClb 191 CHlIOllaTH 350 CHIIOBHT 291 CHIIOM 311, 386 CHMa 19 CHM6H03a 246 CHM6ollH3aM 233 CHMfioJlH30B3TH 358 CHM60llHKa 239 cHM60llHCT 243 CHM60J1H'IaH 318 CHM6ollH'IKH 321 cHMerpHja 235 CHMeTpH'laH 318 CHMHIi 109 cHMHUHja 206 CHMnaTH3Cp 228 CHMnaTHcaTII 339 CHMnaTH'laH 318 CHMnTOMaTH'laH 319 CHMllTOMaTCKH 321 cHMYllaliT 224 CHM!jJoHHjera 231 CHM!jJoHH'Iap 43, 237 CHHaK II, 26, 141 ClllIAIiKaJlaH 314 CHilAllKanau 223 CHH.l\IiKaJlH33M 233 CHHeaCT 208 cHHKo141 CIlHOBaQ 56 CHHOBHua 116, 120 CHHOBlbeB 292, 291 CHIIOBlbH 292, 297 CHHoHHMHja 234 CHHOIiHH 265, 293 CHHOIil!.H 293 CHHTarMaTCKIi 321 CHIlTaKCli'lap 43 CHHTaKCH'lKH 320 CH!lTaKCKH 320 CHIlTaKCHH 320, 320 (!jJ) CIUlTaKTH'IKH 320 CIiHTela 221 CHilTerH30BaTH 359 CHHTCTH'Iall 318, 320 CHHTerH'IKH 300, 319, 320 CHHTeTCKIi 300 CHHTeTCKHlcHHTerH'lKH 221 CHHYCHT 246
488
TBop6a pe'lll Y CaBpeMeHOM cpncKoMje3I1KY
CHHYCHTIIC 246 CHHYCHII 296 CIIHYCOB 296 CHHyTH 373 CIIHXpoHII30BaTH 359 CIIH'IHn 11, 11 0 CHli>aB 254 CllIi>ajeBIIHa 99 CHnllTII 344 cllnJbajllB 288 CHnJbIlB 287, 288 CHnH.a 167 CHpHjal.\ 52, 53, 235 CIlPHjCKH 300 CIlPHjYCOB 296 c"p"no 127 CHpHTH 343 cllpllwTe 127 CllpoBIIHa 97 CllP080CT 178 cllpoMawaH 259 cHpOMaWHTII 342 cHpoMawTHHa 209, 210
cllpOTall'le 16 (op) cHpoTawl.\e 202 CHpOTIIH.a 105, 183 CllpOTIIll.a 123 CllpOTIIWTe 126 CHpOTOBaTII 351 cllpo'laJ{ 22 cllpo'le 203, 204 cllpo<1H1iH 108
cllca 17 CllcaK 26 CIICaJDKa 138 CHCaH'Ie 16, 205 cHcap 47 cHcn(a) 276 Cllcoje 176 CHCTeMaTII30BaTH 359 CIlCTeMaTIIKa 239 CIlCTeMaTII'IaH 319 CIICTeMaTlI'IKII 321 CHCTeMaTCKH 321 CHCTeMCKH 319 cllTHapHja 83 CHTHeJl( 75 CIlTHIlHa 96-98 CIITHHTII 343, 344 CIiTHHl.\a 114, 118 CIiTHH'IapIlTH 342 CHTHo3pHaT 276
clITHonG)eraCT 274 CIITHYPllja 83 CIITOCT 178
clITYllpaTII 353 cHliaH 272 cHnywaH 269 cllqlllnllcHII 262 cllljlllnllcTII'Iap 238 (cjJ) cHcjJllnHTII'IaH 262, 318 CHcjJIIJlIITH'Iap 45, 238 cllcjJpaJl(eTKHH.a 107 CIII.\IIJllljaH!\1.\ 52, 58 cje,QaTH 325
cje,Q6a 71 cjeJ{llH.aBaTH 366 cjeJ{IIH.H8aTH 366 cjellllJlO 152 cjeCTII 325 cjeTBa 71 CK3,!IapJlllja 146 CKa3aJDKa 138
CKaKaBal.\ 54 CKaKaBHl.\a 121 CKaKanHWTe 128
CKaK30HHl.\a 165 CKaKaTII 362, 368 CKaKa'l 62
cKaKyTaTH 334 CKaHJ{anH30BaTH 358 CKaHJ{3JI03aH 317 CKaH,nHHaBal.\ 52
CKaHJ{HHaBCKII 300 CKaHJ{lIpaTH 356 CKaH.epanO 150 cKenaplIHa 98 cKeneUHja 208 CKenca 219 CKenTHK 43, 219, 237 CKenTIIl.\I!3aM 232 CKenTII'laH 219, 318, 320 CKeflTH'IKII 320 CKH,naTH 372 cKlljaH.e 171 cKHjaTH (ce) 326 clmjaw 69 CKHK 327 CKHHyTlI 372 CKHTapa 49 CKHTapaTH ce 331 CKHTa'l62 CKllTa(na)'1KH 301 CKHTHlIl.\a 164
CKIITH.a 167 CKlIl.\lIpaUI 354 CKII'laTII 336 cKn3,!l6a 71 CKna,!{IIWTe 127
cKnepo3a 246 clUlepOTII'Iap 45, 238
CKnll33K 257
CKnH3Hyll.e 193
ClUlOHIlWTe 126
ClUlon 215
cKojeBal.\ 56 cKojeBcKH 307 CKOK 213 CKOKOBHT 291 CKOKYII 196 CKOI1JbaK 33 CKOI1JDaHal.\ 58 CKOI1JDaHIIH 92 CKOflJbaHCKII 302 CKOI1CKH 302 CKOpaWIi>H 294
CKOPIITH ce 347 CKopoje Il3 cKopojeBHIi 113 CKopojeBllh 113 cKopolUle6oBHIi 113 CKOPYWHTH ce 347 CKO'lHTH 362 cKpajllyTH (ce) 349 cKpalieHlIl.\a 118 cKpalieH.e 173, 175 cKpalillBaH.e 175
cKp6 217
CKpeTlIlIl.\a 164
CKpeTHII'Iap 45
cKplIBanlll.\a 148 CKPIlBaTlI 323 cKplllleH 281 cKpIIBeHoc(j)eMeH.a'le 66 cKpHflTapHHl.\a 164 CKpoIIHwTe 127 CKp03I1p3T11 355 CKPOMHOCT 179 cKpocjJyno3aH 317 CKpCTIITH 345 cKynflTop 247 cKynnTYPa 250 cKyn 97, 216 cKynllHa 97 cKynHTII 324, 361 CKYflJDaTII 324, 361
PefllCTap pe'll! cKynoll.a 183 CKY"WTlllla 210 cKynWTHHap 45 cna6a'laK 257 cna6awaH 10, 268 CJIa6(j)eTlI 338 cna611Ha 97 CJla611TII 338, 344 cna6HIi llO cna6JbeH.e 168 CJla60CT 178 cna60TIIH.a 182 cJla60wTllHa 210 cna6YH.aB 255 cna6ywaB 256 cna6ywaH 269 CJlaBH3Hpam 358 cnaBHCT 244 CnaBlICTIlKa 240 CJlaBHCTII'IKII 321 CnaBllwa 125 CnaBKO 140 cnaBH.e 130 CnaBJbeHIIK 86, 87 CnaBojKo 142 CnaBoHa!.\ 52 CnaBOHHja 81 CnaBOHCKII 300 cnaByjeB 295 cnallyj'le 204 CJIaBYH.a 195 CnaB'Ie 204 cnaraJllIl.\a 148 CJIaraJDKa 138 cnarap 42 cnaraIiH 278 CJlara'l 62 cn3)\aK 14, 256, 257 CnaJ{llTII 344 Cn3,!lojKa 138 cn3,!loneUHja 206, 208 Cn3)\OCT 178 cJl3)\OCTplIWhe 130 cna.nyH 196 cna.nyli>aB 14, 255 CJlaljaH 272 CnaljaHa 40, 272, 380 CnaMapHu.a 121 CJlaMeH 279 cnaMKa 132 cna~lHaT 277 CnaMH!! 259, 279
\,
cnllMH.a'la 67 CnaHlIK 86 cnaHIIHllj3,!la 221 CnaHHHlIl.\a 115 cnaHlIH.a'la 66 CnaHKaCT 275 CJlaHolia 183 CnaHyTaK 28 cnaCT 185 CJIaTKaCT 274 cnaTKII 272 CJlaTKHW 124 cnaTKO 380 cnaJ,la 206
CJIe.n,6ellIlK 88 cneJ{eliH 311 cneJ{CTBeH 281 CJle3oB/CJbe30B 296 cnenap 44 CJI(Hj)el1a!.\ 53 cnenllJlo 152, 183 CJlenHIi 110 CnenOO'lHlIll.a 164 cnel10lia 183 cn(lIj)eTaTII 363 cnernwre 127 CJIHBHIIK 160 cnHjenHTH 338 CJIl1jenjern 338 cnHjel1jern 337, 338 cnllKap 42, 45, 47 CnHKapKa 139 cnllKapcKII 30 I CnHK3pCTBO 187 cnllKaTII 14, 326, 327 CJIHKOBHT 291 CJlIIKOBHH 267 cnHKOBIIIIl.\a 166 CnllHaB 254 CnllHaBKa 134, 136 CJlIIHaBKO 141 cnHHaB'Ie 204 CnllHHTII 343 CJlHTllHa 97 CJlH'laH 267 Cno6a 19 cno6oJ{aH 262 cno60,nap 45 cnooon;apCTBO 186 cno6o,nuja 82 cn06oJ{llOMIICneliH 312 cno6o,nli>aK 32
489 CJl060WTHHa 209
CnOBaK 33
Cno8aKllIi>a 105 CJlOBapIIl.\a 121
Cn08ell31.\ 6, 52 CJlOBella'lKII 308
CnoBeHllja 81
CnoBeHKa 134
CJI08eHCTBO 186
CJlOBeHWTHHa 210
CJI080JlHBHIIl.\a 164
CJlOBl.\e 201
CJI0f'OBHII 267
CJlOJI(aH 265
CJI0lKeHIIl.\a 118, 122
CJlojaHHTII ce 345
CJIojesHT 291
CJIojeBHTOCT 179
CJlOM 215
CJlOHHU.a 116
CJlOHOBa'la 9, 67
CJlOHOBCKII 306
cnOIl'le 204
cnyra 17
CJlyraH 38
cnyraHcKII 304, 305
CJlyfllH 289
CJlYfllHCKH 305
CJI~Ka 136
CJlyJKaBHIIK 161
CJlyJK6a 71
CJIyJKOOH 279
CJlyJK6eHHK 87, 88
cnyJKOeHlIll.a 122
cnyJK60llaTH 350
cnY*HHCKII 305 CJlY*HH'l3)\ 22 CJIY*HH'le 205 CJlY*HreJD 191 CJIy33.B 254 cnyJHHl.\3 163 CJlyT 214 CJlyT1i>3 167 cnYXHCT 243 CJlY'laj 24 cnywanal.\ 143 cnywanHl.\3 148, 192 cnywaoHHl.\a 165 cnYWaTeJbKa 192 cnywam 370 cnywKHH.a 106 cnyW'Ie 203, 204
490
TBop6a pe'lH Y CaJlPCMCHOM cpnCKOM jC311KY
cJbenap 44
cMaKHylie 193
CMalbClbe 173
CMalbHTI1 345
CMaparJl.OB 296
CMCJl.epeBal.\ 52, 57
CMeJl.epeBO 176,381
cMeijaCT 274
cMcja'llcMHja'l 62
cMejYKaTH (CMH-) ce 331
cMcjYJba 195
cMcjYJbaB 256
CMcjYJbHTH cc 347
cMejYPHja 83
CMCjYPI1TH 346
cMejYI.\KaTif (CMI1-) ce 335
CMeKwaTH 336
cM(j)enoCT 178
cM(j)elbHBalbe 175
cM(j)epHHl.\a 163
CMCTelbaK 32, 37
CMCTelbaKOBHII 112
CMCTH 170
CMCTnHWTe 127
CMCTlba 167
cMeliapa 48
cMeliKaCT 275
CMe'108aTI1 349
cM(j)ewa 19 (tjl)
cM(Hj)eWaK 26, 328
cM(Hj)ewaH 259
cM(Hj)eWI1TH ce 345
cM(j)eIllKaTH ce 328, 371
CM(j)CWKO 141
cM(j)eWJbI1B 286, 283
cM(j)ewTaj 23
CMHK 213
cMHpaj 24
cMHpelbe 174
CMHpl1BaTI1 368
CMHpl1TH 368
CMHI.\Bnl1l.\a 148
CMHl.\aTH 148
CMOKHHr 241
CMOKOB 296
CMOllaCT 274
CMOryJbaK 29
CMPM 214
CMp.llelK 74
CMpt\CJbHB 287
CMPJl.(j)eTH 170
CMpJl.Jba 35, 154
CMpJJ.JhaK 35
CMp.llJbCBaK 35
CMp.llJbHB 35, 282, 285
CMp.llJbHKa 35, 89, 90
cMp.IlJbyra 194
CMpJJ.YJb3 195
cMpJJ.Ywa 199
CMpJJ.YWHua 123
cMpeKap 46
cMpeKHlba 105
CMpeKOB 296
cMpeKOBa'la 66, 67
CMp3l1l!aTH 365
CMp3JI.Hl.\a 118
cMp3nyraK 28
CMpKaBaTH ce 365
CMpKIIYTJ1 cc 365
CMpTBH 262
CMpTHHK 85
CMPTHOCT 178
CMPTOBHHl.\a 166
CMP'lCB 296
cMYTJbHBal.\ 53
cMy'lap 47, 69 (tjl)
cMY'laTI1 ce 69 (<11)
*cMY'lKap 69 (<11)
cMYlllelbaK 32
cHa6Jl.(l1j)eBaJf,C 172
cHa6.11(Hj)eBaTil 367
cHa6.11(j)eBcHoCT 179
cllararop 249
CHBlKaH 259
CHalKHTH 344
cHajKa 132
cHajnep 243 (fil)
cHajnepHCT 243
CHaJlBlKJbHII 285
CHallla 209
CHBWHl.\a 113
cHe6HllaTH ce 368
clle6HIIJbHB 285, 286
cHe6HTH ce 368
CH(Hj)eBaTH 367
CHerOBHT 291
cHerylllll.\a!clbcrYllHua 123
cH(Hj)elKaK 26
CHe)!(aH 259
CHelKaHa 39
CHCKH 140
CHCH 279
CHewKa 132
CHewKo benl1li 141 (fil)
cHewKo/clbewKo 140, 141
CllHBaTH 367, 368
CHHlKUBaTH 367 (tjl)
CHH3HBaTH 367 (tjl)
CHH3HJIHua 148
CHHMaK 25
CHHMaTeJb 191
CHHMaTH 361
CHHTH 367, 368
cHo6H3aM 233
cHo6oBCKH 306
CHonHh 108
CHOnJbe 129
cHolllaj 24
clberyJbHl.\a 123
Clbcl'YJbHl.\a 123
CIbClKaH 262
co6ap 45
co6apHl.\a 116, 121
C06CTI1Ha 78
C06H'laK 30
C06HH 262
C06lbH 293
Co6ypHHa 103
cOBHjaHep 236
c08YJbara 22
COIlYJbHHa 104
Coja 20
cojeHHl.\a 122
COjHH 289
COKa 132
COKa'lC 204
COKOIIHHK 161
COKonaHa 39
COKOJlap 45
COKOlll1h 108
COKOJlOBKC 136
COJlaHa 39
COnllCI!TaH 316
COMaTeCKa 230
cOJl.llarywa 198
COJl.lla'lHja 80, 205
COnHJl.aH 264
cOJlI1t\apaH 264. 316
cOJIHt\apI1CaTH ce 341
COJlHKa 124
COJll1110 151
COJlHCT 243 (tjl), 244
COJlHCTKHlba 106
COllHTI1 342
COllO 243 (tjl)
COJlOMOIICKH 307
Perllc-rap PC'H{ COJba 124
COMaJlal.\ 53
COMaJlHjau 53
COMaJlHjcKH 300
COMaJlCKH 300
COMaTCKH 321
COM6opal.\ 52
!(OMOBHHa 99
COM'le 204
COHaTHHa 240
COHH 260
conpaHHCTKHIba 106, 107
conpaHcKH 306
conCTseH 281
conCTseHHK 87
COnCTBeHl1l.\a 122
conCTSO 189
conTaTH 332
con'le 204
cOpTHpKa 135 (<11)
COpTHpHHl.\a 164
COl.\HjanH30BaTH 359
COl.\l1jaJIHCT 244
COI.\HjanHCTH'IKH 321
COl.\HOnOrI13HpaTH 357
COI.\HOnorHja 235
COI.\HOnOrillba 105 (tjl)
CO'laH 259
CO'lHBO 80
CO'll1l.\a 124
COWHl.\a 114
COIllKa 131
cnaSBnO 150
cnasaoHl1l.\a 165
cnaBana 277
cnallaliHs 253, 288
cnallaliHl.\a 9, 118
cnasa'l63
cnaselK 287
CnaSelKJbHB 287
CnallJbHB 285
cnasHYTI1 373
cnasYI.\KaTH 335
CnMBnO 150
cnajBnHl.\a 148
cnapHHa 96
CnapHHI'OBaTH 351
CnapHTH 347
Cmipl1TH 347
CnapTaHal\ 58
cnapTaHcKH 301, 304
CnapliaHHH 92
cnapYWHTH ce 347
Cnaca 19
cnaCaBaTI1 365
cnaccHHje 84
cnacelbe 168, 172, 173
cnaCHnal.\ 143, 144, 191,
192
CnaCHTCJb 191
CnaclITeJb 191
cnaCHTCJbKa!-Hl.\a 192
CnaCIITH 144 (tjl), 365
CnacHnKa 133
cnaCOBHWTe 128
Cnacoje 176
cnaCOHocan 266
cnaCTI1 144 (41),365
cnaxHnYK 153
cnaUHOHHpaTH/wnal.\HOH H paTI1 356
cnawasaTH 365
Cnel.\HjanaH 314
CnCl.\HjanH3al.\Hja 251
cncUHjanH30BaTH (ce) 359
Cnel.\Hjanl1CT 244
cneUHjaJIHCTH'IKIl 321
cnCLIHjaJIHTeT 245
Cnel.\HjaJIHOCT 245
Cnel.\HqlHKoBaTH 360
Cnl1KepKa 133
CnHpl1Tyo3aH 318
CnHCaTCJb 191
cnnaBap 45
CnnaJIapHTH 342
cnnacHylie 193
cnna'lHHe 97
cnJlBW!baaaTH 365
COlleTKa 135
CnJleTKap 45, 83
CnJleTKapHja 83
CnJleTKapl1TH 342, 346
cOllCTKapow 184
CnJll1liaHHH 93
cno3Haja 19
cnojKa 135
cnojHHl.\a 163 (<11), 164
cnoKojCTBO 186
CnOJbBWIbH 294
cnOJb3WIbOCT 179, 180
CnOJbHH 265, 293
CnOJbll>H 293
cnOMeHaK 26
cnoMeHap 47
491 cnOMeHHK 158
cnOMeHHua 117, 162
cnoH30pHCaTH 340
cnoll30pywa 198
CnOllTaH 261,264,264 (tjl),
314
cnop 214
cnopali 50
cnopaw 69
cnopHw 124
cnopol'OpcliH 308 (tjl), 312
cnopo.ll(j)enyjyhH 312
cnopoCT 178
cnopTHCT 243
cnopTcKH 300
cnpaTHOCT 181
Cnp.lla'lHH3 100
cnp.IIlba 167
cnpeMaTH 361
CnpCMHWTe 126
cnpeMHOCT 178, 181
cnpe'laBaTH 364
cnp(Hj)c'IeHoCT 179
CnpHHTep 228
CnpOBO.llHiIlC 159
CpaMClK 287
cpaMelKJbHB 287
cpaMelKJbHBKO 141
cpaMeli 309
cpaMOTB 181, 182
CpaMOTHTII 343
cpacnHl.\a 118, 147
cpaCTaTH 369
cpaCTH 369
cpaliKa 50
cpawliHBam 369
Cp6a 19
Cp6MHja 82
cp6cKa!ba 75
Cp6eIlt\a 76
cp6H3aM 233
Cp6H3HPaTH 358
Cp6Hja 81, 235
Cp6Hjanlll{ 52, 57. 58, 304
cp6HjaHcKH 58, 304, 322
Cp6I1H 91, 304
Cp6JbBK 35
CpOOllaTH 350
cpOOxpBaTH3aM 233
cp6YJba 195
CpJl.a'laH 269, 269 (tjl)
cpt\aWl.\e 201, 202
492 CP.L\IlT 201, 290 CP.L\HTH (ce) 71 (1jJ) cp.L\lba 71 (1jJ), 167 cp,L\o6o.n.a 20 I CpljaH 38 cpe6peH 279 cpe6peHKacT 275 cpe6pHKaCT 275 cpe6pHTH 342 cpe6pH 261, 279 cpe6pHaCT 274 cpe6pHHK 86 cpe6pHHHa 97 ' cpe6pHKaCT 275 cpe6plbaK 35 cpe.!Uilla 95 Cpe.L\HHOM 387 cpe,nHWIbI! 293 Cpe.l\HWTe 126 Cpe.l\lbaK 32, 35 Cpe,L\lbH 293 cpe,nlboB(j)eKoBHH 268 Cpe.L\03eM.n.e 130 CpCACTBO 187 Cpeja 20 Cp(Hj)eMau 52 CpeMHua 116 CpeM'lHua 124 cpeCTH 361, 372 CpeTa 19 CpCTaTH 361 cpCTeHcKH 299 CpCTelbe 175 CPeTelbCKH 299 CpCTHHK 85 CpCTIlYTH (ce) 372 cpeliKa 132 CpeliKo 141 cpeliKosHIi 112 CpeliKoBHIi 112 CpehllHK 85 cpelioM 386 CpKYT 197 cpKYTaTH 334 CPM3(j)JlHja 146 cpH,nali 50 cpHCTHHa 77 cpHeliH 292 CpO,L\HHK 85 cpo,nCTBO 187 cpo3asaTH 364 cpnalb 40
PernCTap pe'lll
TBOp6a pe'lH Y CaBpeMeHOM cpncKoM je3HKY cpnacT 273 CpnKa 105 CpnKlllba 105, 106 cpncKH 298, 304 cpncKOCT 179 cpnCTBO 186 Cpn'l3.ll. 22 Cpn'le 204 Cpn'lHli III cpuaCT 14, 273 cpue 201 cpuenapajyliH 312 cpUYJleHue 202 Cp'laH 269, 269 (1\», 271,
272 Cp'laHH 271, 272 Cp'laHHK 87 cp'lelbaK 36 cp'lelba'la 67 Cp'lHKa 89 Cp'lHTH ce 71 (Ij!) cpu6a 71 CTa6anue 20 I CTa6aoue 201 CTa6HJlllH 264 cTa6HnHJOBaTH 359 CTa6.n.HKa 14, 89, 90 CTaBaK 27 CTaB.n.aTH 361 CT3rIlHpaTH 356 cTalKep 229 CT3lKHpaTH 354 CTalKHCT 244 CTa3Hua 114 cTaja 19 cTajanHWTe 127, 128 CTajllHKa 137 CTajalbe 171 CTajaTH 363 cTajaliH 278 CTaKa 132 CTaKanue 20 I CTaKaoue 201 CTaKJI3.ll. 22 CTaKJIap 44 cTaKnapHj3 81 ($), 83 CTaKlI3CT 274 CTaKJIeH 279 CT3KJ1eHau 59 CTaKJIeHHK 86-88 CTaKlleHHHa 96 CT3KJlHDH 22
CTaKJlOpe3HHua 164 CTanaH 260 CTanelK 75 CTaneWKH 298 CTaJhHHH3aM 233 CT3JhHHHCT 243 CTaJhHHHcTH'lKH 321 CT3JhHHCKH 302, 307 CTaM6eHH 12; 281 CTaM60Jlllja 145 CTaM60JlHii 109 CTaHa 18 CTaHap 45 CTaHapHHa 98 CTaH.I\ap.l\H3aUHja 251 CTaH.ll.ap.l\H30saTH 358 CTaile 73 *CTaHHK 158 CTaHHua 119 CTaHHWa 125 CTIlHHWTe 126 CTaHKO 140 CTaHOBaTH 350 CTaHOBHT 291 CTallOBHWTe 127, 128 CTaHOBHHK 158, 159, 161 CTaHOBHHWTBO 186 CTalloje 176 CTaHojKa 138 CTaHojKo 140, 142 CT!lH'lHIi 11, III CTaH'lyra 194 CTanajHua 122 CTapanau 143 CTapaTeJh 191 CTapaTe.n.cKH 301 CTapaTeJhCTBO 186 CTapau 6, 10, 53 CTapelK 75 CTapelbe 172 CTap(j)CTH 338 CTap(j)ewHHa 104 CTap(j)ewHHCt;BO 186, 190 cTap(j)ewosaTH 349 CTapH 381 CTapHHa 97 CTapHH3pllHUa 165 CTapHTH 338, 344 CTapHua 10, 117 CTapHw 124 CTapKa 134 cTaplCe.n.a 15, 16
CTapJleTa 220 CTapoBO)eKoBHH 259 cTapojKo 142 cTapOMO.ll.3H 266 CTapocfj)e.ll.(j)enau 144 CTapoCT 178 CTapTep 228, 229 CTapTOBaTH 351 cTapY.Il.Hja 16 CTapuaT 312 CTap'leKlIHHl 75 CTap'lHIi 14, 108 CTap'ly.n.HHa 104 CTac 327 (1jJ) CTacaTH 327, 327 (1jJ) CTaCHT 290 CTaTH 363 CTaTHpalll 244 CTaTHCT 244 cTaTHCTH'Iap 237 CTaTIlCTH'lKH 322 CTaTH'IaH 260, 320 CTaTH'lKH 320 CTaTYC 253 cTaTYTllpaH 315 CTaljJHJlOKOKHH 260 CTaUHOHHpalll 357 CTawa 209 CTBapanau 143, 191 CTBapanaWTBo 186 CTBapaTH 362 CTBapHOCT 179 CTBapua 200 CTsap'lHUa 123 CTBopelbe 173 CTBOPHTeJh 191 CTBOpy.n.aK 29 CTSp,nHym (ce) 349 CTeapHH 240 CreBa 19 CTeBaH 38 CreBKa 133 cTerHYTH 372 CTe33JhKa 138 CTe3aTH 372 CTe3HHK 160 CT(j)eHOBHT 291 CTeHorpal\>HCaTH 340 CT(Hj)elbe 129 CTeOH 260
CTeneHHua 162 CTeneHHWTe 126 CTeneHOBalbe 171 •CTeneHOBaTH 350 CTel\OBaTH 351 CTepeo!\loHcKH 300 CTeplL~aH' 264
CTepHJlHCaTH 341 CTepHJlHTeT 245 CTePHJlHOCT 246 CT(.i)eL\HwTe 125, 126 CTe'laj 24 CTiI.Il.G)CTH ce 170, 337 CTII)l,lbHB 285, 286 CTII)l,lbHBKO 141 CTH3aBaTH 326 CTH33TH 362 CTHJlH30Balll 358 CTHJlHCT(a) 240, 244 CTHJlHCTHKa 240 CTHJlHCTH'lKH 321 CTHMYJlaTHBaH 317 CTHMYJlHCaTH 340 CTHMynyc 253 CnmaH.ll.a 73 CTHne 74 CTHneH.!UipaTH 354 CTHneH.ll.HCT 244 CTHneH.ll.HTOp 249 CTHCaK 25 CTHCK3Sau 55 CTHCHYTH 372 CTHIiH 362, 372 CTHXHIi 108 CTHXOBaTH 350 CTHXOTBOPCTBO 188 CTHuaj 23 C'ljeHHua 162 C'ljeH~
194
CTjyap,L\ 230 (1jJ) C'ljyap.ll.eca 230 C'ljyapT 230 (1jJ) CTOsapHWTe 126 CTOHUH3aM 232 CToja 18 CrojaK 33 CTojaH 38 CTojaHKa 133 CrojaH'la 203 CTojaH'le 204
creneHacr 274
crojeliH 311
CTeneHHK 158
CTojeliKe 376
493 CTOjeliKH 377 CrojllJlKO 140 CrojHJlO 140 CTOjllJl>KO 140 CTOjHH 91 CTojKaH 38 CToj'la 203 Crojwa 209 CTOJl3p 44 CTOJlapCTDo 222 CToJlau 52 CroJle 145 CTOJlelie 130 CTOJlHua 115 CTOJlH'lCTHHa 78 CTOJlIb3K 35 CTOJlOBa'l 67 CTonosa'la 67 CTOMaKlIHja 146 CTOMCTpaW 70 CTOHH 260 CTOnano 151 (ayro)CTOnep 229 CTOnHpaTH 355 CTOTHHa 97, 138 CTOTHHaK 27, 37 CTOTHHapKa 139 CTOTHHKa 97, 138 CTOTHIb3K 27, 37 CTOTHlb3pK3 139 CTOTHua 119 croTKa 119, 135 CTOTHHHa 97 CTO'Iap 45 CTO'IapCTBo 186 CTO'lHIi 110 CTO'IHH 258 CIpaBHHcKHjeB 297 ClpaBH'IaH 269 Clp3.ll.anHHK 158 Clp3lKap 45 C1p3lKapHTH 14,342 Clp3lKap'lHTH 347 CIpalKHJlOBO 176 C1p3lKlbH 293 CIpajHH 91 ClpllHau 53 ClpaHa'lKH 299, 308 C1p3HHUa 115 ClpaHKa 132 crpaHKHIba 106 ClpaHnymua 117
494
TBop6a pe'lll y c3BpeMcHoM cpncKoM je311KY
CTpaH'lapHTH 342
CTpalbcKH 299
CTpacT 185
CTpaCTSH 281
CTp8CTBCH 281
CTpaTcrHjs 234
CTp8TCWKH 298
CTpaTHIllTC 127
CrpaxHfba 105
CTpaxllh 108
CTpaxo6a 72
CTpSXOBSfbC 172
CTpaxoBaTH 350
CTpaxOBHT 291
CTpaxOTa 181, 182
CTpaxoTHlba 183
CTpawaH 259
CTpawHJIO 150, 152
CrpawKO 140, 140 (4))
CTpBlllJbHB 281, 283, 286 CTpaWJbHBBL\ 53
CTpaWJbHBKO 141
CTpBIIHap 46
CTpenaCT 273
CTp(Hj)CJlBL\ 54
CTpCJlHLlB 115
CTpCJlHWTC 126
CTpCJbBHa 39
CTp(Hj)CJbalLC 172
CTp(Hj)CJbaTH 326
CTpeJballiTBO 185, 188
CTpCJbIllllTe 126
CTpcnlLa 167
CTpexaCT 273
CTpeXHL\a 114
CTpHlKelLe 168
CTpHKa 132
CTpHlIoBaTH 351
CTpllnTH3cpKa 231
CTpHnTH3CTa 231
CTpH'ICBHIi 112
CTpMeKHyTH 330
CTpMeH 76, 280, 290
CTpMeHHT 280, 290
CTpMHHa 96
CTpMornaSL\c 375
CTpHHwTe 125
CTplLHK 85
CTpIbHKa 89
CTpOfOCT 178, 183
CTporolia 183
CTpoQlH'IaH 318
cTpnCJbIlB 287
CTpnJbCfbC 174
CTpnJbIlB 285, 286
cYBOIi>aslcyxol-baa cYBoTa 181, 183
CYBOTttHS 182
CYBOTIIl-b8 182
cYBol\a 183
CTpyr 214
CTpyrap 47
CTpyrapa 47, 49
CTpyra'l 63
CTpyroTHHs 182
CYlll\aT 312
cyrccTIlBaH 317
cyrJlacHIlK 160
CTpyKTyPHHfCTpyKTypanaH
263
CTpYfba'la 67
CTpY'lHOCT 178
CTpY'll-baK 32, 35
CTY6HJi 108
CTYJlCH 212, 217, 280
CTYJlCHt 228
CTYJlCuraPHjS 83
CTYJlCIITKHlba 106
CTYJlCHTCKH 300
Cry.nCfbSK 34, 36
CTYJlH03aH 318
CTYnafb 40
CTYnaTH 361
CTYnllTH 361
CTYlIlbcBaTH 349
CTYlIlbesHT 291
Cy6BCHL\HOHHPaTll 356
cy6BCHL\IIOHIlCaTIl 357
cy6Bcp3HBaH 317
cy6jeKTHBaH 317
cy6nHMaT 226
cy60Tap 45
cy60Tlbil 293
cYBaja 25
cyaapaK 29
cyaa'la 66
cyaa'lBK 257
cyaepeH 264, 314
cyaHwaK 27
CYBHwaH 265
CYBHWHOCT 179
cYBoapxacT/cyxoapxaCT CyB033'1 63
cyaoMpa3HL\a 117
5, 253
CYIlPC~'CII 313
CTpyja 17
CTpYKHP8TH 355
CTpYKOBHH 267
CTpyKTyHpaTH 353
CTpyKTypanaH 313, 314
CTpyKTypanliCT 244
CTpyKTypHpaTH 353, 354 CTpyKTypHIl 313, 314
273
CYJl8HHja 83
cYAap 215
cy.naplllllKa 139
cy.nal\ 54
cYA6cHH 281
cy.n6l1Ha 98
CYJlCOHIiK 162
cYJlllja 82
CYJlIIWTC 126
CyJl.HIIU8 162-164 CyJllbll 293
CYJlOBl-ba'la 68
cYJloncpa 17
CYJlCKH 293
CYJlCTSO 187
cyljaja 25
CyljCHHK 86, 87
CyljClbC 168, 172
CyCL\KH 14, 299
CYlKaBaTH 364
cYlKalhcKH 299
CYlKlbCB 295
CY3aBau 55
CY3aHa 40
C)-311T1I 343
CY311L\a 114
cY3H'laB 255
cyjcBG)Cpjc 129
CyKJbaTH 332
CYKHClKHlIa 114
CYKHCH 279
CyKHO 166
cyKl-bepaL\ 61
cYKIbHL\a 115
cYKo6JbaBaTH 15, cYKTaTIl 332
cynolKHHK 160
cYJlTaHaT 225
cYJlTaHllja 82
cyn4>aT 226
cynQlIlt.\ 231
CYJlQlHT 245
cyMl-ba 17
495
PCflICTIlP PC'l1l CYMl-baJlHL\S 147
cyMlbano 150
CYMlbaTll 170, 327
CYMfbHB 282, 284, 286 CYMIbH'l8B 255
CYMfbll'lSBOCT 179
CyMl-bH'lHTH 326
cyMllOpS'la 8, 65
cYMnopHCaTH 340
cyMnopoB 295
cyMnopoBIlT 291
CYMpS'ljC 129
cyHapO.lJ.HIIK 160
cYHallillc 201, 202
274
CYHL\OKPeTOB 296
CyH'IaH 14, 271
cyH'IaHH 271,272
cyH'laHHK 86
CYH'IBHHL\a 122
cYH'IaTH cc 326, 326
CYH'IeB 296
eyo'lHTH 345
cynepHIlIKa 139
cynpoTBII 266
eynpyra 19
cynpYlKBllcKH 305
cynpYlKaHCTBo 189
cynpYlKHHK 157
cypoaOCT 178
cYPYTKa 135
CyCG)CJlCTBO 187
cycHelKHlIa 117
cycncll)l.HpaTH 350
cYCTonHL\e 375
cYCTOIIL\e 375
cyrpawlbH 294
cyrpaWlLH.I.\a 1I8
cy<jlHL\HTapaH 315
cyQlnep 228
cy4>JlHpaTH 356
cyxapBK 29
cyxa'la 66
cyxoMecHaT 277
CYXOlLaB 253
CYXOTa 181, 183
CyxoTIlHa 182
cyxoJia 183
cy'lenHTIl 345
CY'lenHL\C 375
cywa 20
cYH~cpaCT
365
cywaK
27
326
cYllialb 40
cyillapa 49
CylllHJlO 151
TaJIaCaTH (cc) ranacHIi 108
Tanc 144
CYIllHOHHK 161
CYIllHOHHlIa 165
CYIlIHTIl 342, 343 cywHL\a 118
cywHHL\a 164
cYWTaCTBo 185
cQlCplI'laH 320
C<jlCpHIl 262
CXBaTBIhC 172
CXBanTII 361
CXBaTHTII 361
CXBaTJbHB 284
cXBaliaTH 361
CXCMaTH3/IM 234
CXCMaTCKH 321
CXOJlaCTII'lap 43
ClIcHaPHj 225
TanH'lBH 269
ranOlKHTH 342, Tan,Hralll 69
CL\CHap"O 225
CIICHaPHCT 243,
raIhlllKlllIC 131
TaJl.HIlIKC 131
TaM6yPaTH 326
TaM6ypaw 69
TaMjBHHKa 88 (4)), TaMHaBa 21
TaMHIIL\a 14, 118
89
TaMHH'lap 45
TaMHOBaTH 14, 350 TaMIbCTH 337
TaMOIlil-bH 294
244
Ta6aH'IHTH 347
Ta6aTH 329
Ta6aTop 249
Ta6a'lHHa 100
Ta6enapBH 315
Ta6nHL\a 115
TaaaHHL\a 162
Taropllil 289
Tana 374
Tanafbll 293, 294
TanaWlLH 294
ta36HHa 98
Taja 20
TajBHCTBcH 279
TajKo 141
TajHoBHT 291
TajHOCT 178
TaKMall 61
TaKMH'lap 47
TaKHYTH 372
TaKOaHIi 113
TaKOBO 176,381
TaKCHpaTll 353
TaKCHCT 243, 244
TaKTH'I3H 318,320 TaKTII'lap 237
TaKTH'IKIl 320
TanacaB 254
TanacaCT 273
343
TaHaJl 22
TaHaK 256, 272
TaHaH 269, 272
TaHaCKO 140
TaHaxaH 269
TaHalUaH 268
TaH3aUaL\ 53
TaH3aHHjaL\ 53
TaH3aHHjcKH 300
TaHKOBHjaCT 274
TaHKOIll 184
TaHYlllaH 269
TalLllpllli 108
raa.IlP'lC 204
TaJl.HTH 343
raa.ywaH 269
TaOH3aM 232
ranallHpaTll 353
TalICTap 42, 44
TalICTllpaTH 353
TalICL\lIpaTIl 353
TalIKlIpOW 184
TalIKlITH 329
rapsmma 39
Taca 19
Tacilli 109
TanplIH 91
TaTIIH 289
TarjaHa 40
TaTJlHja 145
raliHfT3KHYTH 362, Ta'lKaCT 274
Ta'lKHl.\a 114
Ta'lHOCT 178
TauH'IKHl-ba 106
372
496 TawHep 229 TawTa 14, 19, 20 TBOjCKH 303 TBop6a 71 TBop6eH 71, 279 (<1» TBopeBHHa 100 TBpAHKa 90 TBp)l.Hl\a lI8 TaPAH'IlIH 289 TBPAH'IlITH 342 TBPAlI'IllYK 153 TBpJUlYTlI 348 TBp.I(H>a 167 TBp,1l,OfnaBatt S3 TBp,1l,OrnaBKO 141 TBp).{oli.a 183 TBP).{yHatt 60 TBplja 20 TBpljaaa 21 TeaTapcKlI 314 TeaTpallaH 314 TeaTpallHje 224 Te6aHatt 58 Te6aHCKlI 304 Terneli.H 308,310 TerJba'l 62, 63 TerHYTH 348 Tero6a 72 Ter"Ta 1S2 TelKa 19 (
PefHCTap p~'IH
TBop6a pe'lH Y caBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY T(j)enawl\C 20 I Tene 73 TeneBH30p 247 Tenerpaqmja 234 Tenerpa
TeOpHCaTH 339 TenenYK 152
T(j)epaHlIMja 252
TepaneYT 231
TepacacT 274
T(j)epaTH (ce) 252
TepeHatt 51
TepeTaHa 39
TepeTHTH 343
TCPeTH.aK 33, 35
TepHTOpHjallaH 314
TepMHHaTop 249
TepMHTlhaK 3S
TepopllJaM 233
TepOpHCaTH 341
Tepl\CT 230
TecaHHK 16
Tccap 47
T(j)ecKo6a 72
Tecna
142
T(j)ecHau 61
TeCTaMeHTapHH 316
T(j)eCTeHHHa 96
Tecrepaw 68
TeCTepHCaTll 340, 343
TeCTepHTH 343
TeCTHpaTH 355
TCTa 18, 132 TCTaK 26 TeTKa 18, 132 TeTKHH 289 TeTOBaJI
THjaH 272 THjaHa 272, 380 THjecHo 381 THKa 132 THKaTH 329, 62 (cp) THKBaH 38 THKBalha 41 THKOBHHa 99 THIIT!IKaTH 327 THMO'laHHlI 93 TlIflll3HpaTH 358 TH[JH'IaH 318 THn'IHlIa 102 THpa,ll,a 221 THpaJl< 222 l'HpaHH3HpaTH 357 THpaHHja 234 TlIpaHlIH 91 TlICOB 296 TlIcyliHHa 97 TlIcylillllKa 97 THTHlI .289 TlITOBKa 134, 136 THTOBCKH 307 THTOll3aM 232 THTOllCT 243 THTpaj 23 THTYnHcaTH 340, 349 THha 193 THYcap 45 TlIXaH 272 THl\aTH 62 (<1», 362 TlIWHHa 95, 96 THll\lIep~ 222, 223 TKalIBl( 143 TKaJba 154 TKallHHa 97 TKaHHl\a IIg TKalbC 172 TKlIBO 80 Tna'lHTCJb 191 TMywa 199 To6olKlhH 293 To61,ll1ja 206 TOB 214 TOB3PHTH 343 TOBll,!I.6a 72 TOBHlIHWTe 128 Toro3Hal\ 58 TOroBHIi 113 TO):lOcHja 178 T03a 19
T03JlyK 152 TOjHWHH 32Z TOK 214 TOKajfu{ 52 TOKaP 42~ TototH 38 TOKOM 387 TOKCHH 240 TOnepaHTaH 315 TOnepaHl\Hja 252 TOnepHcaTH 341 TOnHl(KH 322 TOnHl(KO 377 TOJIHl\HH 322 TOJIH'IaJ( 257, 322 TOnH'IKlI 322 TOJIHWHH 322 TonCTojeBatt 5S TOnCTojeBcKH 307 TOMa 19 TOMaw 69 TOMHli 109 TOHaJKa 222 TOHaHHTeT 246 TOHYTH 372 TOH'IHKll 89 TOflHOHHl\a 165 TOnJIaHa 39 TOnJIHK 85 TOnJIHKaCT 275 TOnJIHHa 96 TOnJIHcpHXBl\Hja 360 TOnJIHcplll\HpaTH 360 TOnJIlIu:a 118 TOnJIOKpBaH 266 TOnJIylbaB 256 TOlLIhelbe 168, 171 TOILIhHB 284 TOILIhHKaB 255 TOnOBUXI'Ia 68 TOnOBCKH 306 TOflOJIHBHHl\a 164 TOflOllHK 85 TOnOJ1HIJI 89 TOfloHHMllja 234 TonOT 181,214 TOflOTaTH 332, 334, 334 (
497 TOp6apHTH 342
TOpHjeBatt 55
TopOKYwa 199
TOCKHjcKH 303
TOT 116 (cp)
TOTallaH 316
TOTalIHTapaH 3 16
TOTallHTapH3aM 233
TOTallHTapHCT 244
TOTHu:a 116, 116 (
TOl\ltJbajKa 138
TO'IHOHIIl\a 165
Towa 209
TpaBalb 40
TpaBap 44
TpaBapa 49
TpaBapHHa 98
TpaBapHl{a 121
TpaBapxa 49
TpaBKa 132
TpaSHaT 277
TpaSlbaK 32, 35
TpasyJbara 22
TpaSYJbaK 29
TpaBYJbHHa 22, 104
TpaBypllHa 103
TpaS'IHl\a 123 Tpar213 TparMBl( 143 TparH3aM 232 TpafH'IaH 260, 264 Tpa,llHl\HOHalIaH 315 TpalKGeHlIx 88 TpalKelbe I 71 TpaJl
TBop6a pe'lll Y caBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM jClHKY
498 TpaHcMHcHOHH
499
PerHCTlIp PC'IH
270
TpaHcnapeHTaH 316 TpaHCnOpTep 229 TpaHcceKcyanaH 315 TpaHclf!0pMaTop 248 TpaHclf!0pM3IJ,IlOHIl 270 TpaHclf!opMHpaTIl 356 TpaHclf!0pMHC3TIl 340 Tp3Helf!Y31loHil 270 Tp3HWIlP3TIl/Tp3HlKIlP3 THITp3HUHp3TH 353 Tpan3B 255 TpaflaBKO 141 TpaflaBOCT 179 TpaYMaTH33M 234 TpayM3TH30BaTH 359 TpayMaTH'IaH 319 TpaYMaTcKH 321 Tpalf!llKaHT 225 Tpa'!3K 26 Tpa'!aHHH 93 Tpa'lapa 50 Tpa'lepaj 223 Tp3'!HHua 162, 163 Tp63 18 Tp60lba 177 Tp6yJh3 195 Tp6yJhaCT 276 Tp6yx 197 Tp6ywaCT 14, 273, 276 Tp6yW3T 276 Tp6ylllHHa 101, 102 Tp6YWllH 259 Tp6ylll'!e 203 Tp6yw'!llli III TpBeHIlK 86 Tpae!!>e 168 TprHyTll 324, 362, 372 TprOBal.l 54, 57 TproBlllla 97, 100 TproBlllllTe 128 TproBKlllba 106 TprOll'lllh 108 Tpe6aTil 170 Tpe61llbc 107 Tp{Hj)e3aH 281 TpeJBeH 281 TpeJBeJ!,aK 15, 32, 35 Tp(Hj)e3I1HTH 343, 344 TpeM3poIII 184 TpeHalKep 229 TpeHep 228
TpeHepK3
132
TpeHIlHr 241 TpcHllpaTH 355 TpeHllpKa 132 TpeHyT 197 TpeHyT3K 28 TpeHyTa'laH 261, 269 TpeHyTH 28 Tpelbe 171 TpenaBHI.\3 121 TpenaBK3 136 TpenepaB 254 Tpemrr 77,214 Tpene-raTict 333 TpenCTJhIlKa 90 TpenJha 154 TpemlyTH 372 TpenTaa 254 TpenTaj 23 TpenTaTH 332, 372 Tpenyw3336 TpenywaTH 336 Tpen'la 203 TpecaBHua 120 TpecaK 214, 329 Tpecelbe 168, 170 TpccCTHwTe 125 Tpccl1Jlau 144 TpeCHnHua 7, 148 TpccKaaal.l 55 TpccKaTil 329, 372 TpeCHyTH 329, 372 TpeCTll 329 TpCTHpaTH 356 TpehaK 31, 33 Tpelia'lHTH 347 TpeheKaTerOpHHK 160 TpelillHa 95, 97 TpecpoB 296 Tpewlba 167 TpelllibeB 296 TpellllbeBau 56 TpellllbeB3'1a 66, 67 TpeilllbllK 85 TpellllbOB 296 TpelllTaB 254 Tp{Hj)elllne 128 TplKHlllTe 125, 126 TplKHH 259 TplKHllua 163 Tp3aj 23 Tp3aKaTH ee 329
TlJ3WIHI.l3
148
TplaTH ce 329, 324, 362, 372 TpHaTJIOH 247 TpHja.na 221 TpHjYMBHP3T 22~, TPHjYMlf!aJlaH 314 TPHjYMlf!oBaTH 351 TpHKOT3lK3 222 TpHJIHllr 241 TpHnKo 140 TP"nJICT 231 TpHlIJlCTa 231 TpHCTah 50 Tp"XHHeJI03a 246 (If!) TPHXHH033 246 Tplll.\a 119 TpH'lapHja 83 TpK 213, 214 TpKaJIHWTC 128 TpKaTH ce 62 (cp) TpKa'l 62 TpKa'!KH 301 TpKHyTH 372 TpKOM 386 TpHaaa 21 TpHoa 296 TplbaK 33 Tplbe 129 TplbHHa 95 TporHpallHH 92 TporO.ll.HlllIL3K 32 Tporo'!e 204 TpoHMeH 261 TpojaK 257 Tpojall 257 Tpojallau 58 TpojallcKH 304 TpojHua 119 TpojKa 135, 138 TpojKe 135 TpojCTao 189 TpOM603a 246 TPOM6ollilCT 244 TpOM(j)eee'lje 129, 130 TpoM(j)eCe'lIlHK 86 TpOMOCT 178 TpoHync 193 TpOCo6J!,aK 34 TpoCT3Ba'lall 261, 269 Tpocrenell 261 TpoyrJIaCT 273
TPOl.lKH3aM 232, 233 TPOI.{KHCT 243 TpOW3K 25 TpowapHHa 98 TpOW3UHj3 207 TpOW3UHO)Ka 134 TpOWK3pl1TH ce 346 TpOWKOBHHK 161 TpnelK 74 Tpnel3pHja 83 TpnCJhHB 287 TpnHJlO 152 TpnHH 265 TpcTeHHK 87 TpCTHK 85 TpCTHKa 88 (If!) Tpy6a'l63 TPy6ecaTH 332 Tpy6e'l'aTll 333 Tpy6HTH 343 Tpy6Jheibe 168 Tpy.l\ 214 Tpy.l\6eJlHK 88 TpY.l\IIHIJ,a 117 TpY.l\Hoha 183 TPYJIa.!(aK 28 TpYJIelK 75 TpYJlemf-JheTH 338, 344 TpYJIHTH 338, 344, 348 TpYJbelbe 168 TpyllKa 132 TpyllyTH 348 TpYlbe 129 Tpynau 52 Tpynll1l3 102 TpyXHyTH 348 Tp'lalbe 17l Tp'laTIl 62 (If!) TP'lKaJIO 150 Tp'lK3panO 150 Tp'lKapaTH 331 Tp'lKapl1TH 346 Tp'lKaTH 328 Tp'lyJhaK 29 TplllliaK 33 TplllliallcKH 304 TplII'laK 33 Tplll'laH 271. 272 Ty6epKyJlHil 240 Ty6epKyJIHH 263 Ty6epKyJI03a 246 Ty6epKyJI0311H 263
TyraJhllB 287 ryfoBaHKa 137 ryrOBaTH 350 TyljllH 91 TyljllH396 ryljllH31.\ 59, 137 ryljllHK3 133, 137 TyljHHwTIlHa 210 rylKaKaJIO 150 ry)K3K3T1l ee 329 TYlKaJhKa 138 TylKaH 262 rylK6aJIHI.\3 147, 148 TYJK6eHH 279 (on}TYJKeHH 381 rylKeHHK 87 rylKl1JIaQ 143, 192 TYlKHnawTBo 185, 187 rylKHJha 154, 155 rylKHTCJh 191 rylKHTCJhKa 192 ryJl(lbaBa 21 TY3JIaK 33 TY3JIaHHII 92 TY3JIaHKa 136 ry3JIaIlCKH 305 TyKaQ 51 ryM6eeaTH ce 332 TYHHlKaHHH 93 TYHHlllaHHIl 93 rylbeaHlla 99 rynall 38 rynaUHja 207 rynHTH 343 rynjCTIl 337 rynHyTH 348 rynomaaaCT 274 rynornaaau 53 rynoCT 178 Typ3,ll. 22 TYP3,ll.Hja 82 Typal!>ywa 198 TyprelbeBJbeB 295 ryprelbeBIIITHlla 210 Type 73 TypHCTH'IKH 321 TypHCTKHlb3 106 TypKYlll3 198 rypnHjaTIl 326, 343 TypcKa 303 ryPCKH 303 TYPUH3aM 232
Typ'lHH 91 TYCTHKa 90 Tynlb 40 TYTKaJIHCaTH 340 TYT"yTH 372 TYTlbaBa 21 TYTlbaBHH3 100 TyteK'IHja 208 T)'WlHIlK 86 TYI.\afL 40 Ty'la 19 TY"3K 26 TY"aH 272 TY"eHHK 86 TY'l1b3aa 21 T}'l1IHpaTil (ee) 354 liaJIe 144 liaTHHHua 122 liaTHHCKH 305 he6eHl.\e 202 he6CTHlla 78 heBa6U11ja 206, 207 he.naa 254, 255 henaBau 53 henaBHTH 344 lienaBKo 141 henHja 80 henolba 177 liepa 132 liepKa 131, 132 liepKHIJ,3114 hep'lHUa 114 liHopllKaTIl 330 hl1JlllMapa 48 1i11JlHM'le 204 nepa 19 hllpllJlHl.la 117 liHPHh 109 ftHlflTHlICKIl 305 lionaa 254 honaBKo 141 liopa 18 liopaB 255 hOpaBal.l 53, 54 liopaBHTH 344 ilopaBKO 141 liopelll379 nopKaH 38 nopKllpaTIl 355 liopo 18, 176 liopolba 177
PernCTap pC'm
500 liopcoKaK 255 nop-Cnacoje 255 lioc 255 lioca 18 liocaB 255, 276 liocaCT 276 liocaT 276 nowKacT 274 nYil.1bHB 287 liYMypUHja 207 nynpHnHli 109 liypaH 38, 134 liYPCTHHa 77 liypcliH 290, 292 nypKa 134 liYPKHH 290 nypnHK 214 nypnHKaTH 330 nyp'lHHcKH 305 liyraJlHua 147 nyrKaTH 328 nyrKe 376 nyrJbHa 285 liyrJbHBKO 141 nyrlba 167 nywHyrH 372 y631.\HWKa 139 y6(j)C)l.JbHB 285 y6(j)el)elbc 174 y6HjaTH 363 y6HjUa 119 y6HCTBcH 280 y6HCTBO 189 y6HTa'l3H 269 y6HI.\a 119 y6H'IHH 289 y60A 215 y60lKaH 263 y60lKap 42 y60lKHwTe :125 y60lKHHUa 1-63 y60j 214 y60jHT 290 y60jHua 118, 132 y6oK'IHja 205 y60lliKH 303 y60WTHHa 209, 211 y6p3asaTH 364 y6p3albc 173 y6p3aTH 328 y6p3HBa'l64
Taop6a pe'lH YcaepeMeHoM cpnCKOM jC3HKY y6pH3raaaTH 364 y6pYW'IHli 111 yaalKaaaTH 364 YB(j)elK6aBaTH 364 ya(j)elK6aTlI 364 yacnH'Iaaajylill 31 1 yacnH'Ialbc 173 yaeHylic 193 yacHue 202 YB(j )epelbc 174 ya(j)cPJbHa 285 yaelialbc 173 yaewue 202 yaHA 215 yaHljaBaH 267 YBHjaTH 363 yBHTH 363 YBjclK6aeaTH 15 yaoAHH 265 YBOAHHK 160 YBOAHH'Iap 45, 237 YB03 2IS YB03HHK 159 YBOjHT 290 yBpe)l.JbHB 286 yapWTaBaTH 365 yaue 202 yraHyne 193 yraoHH 260, 267, 271 yraoHHK 162 yracHT 290 yracuylic 193 yrHHynll 384 yrnHylie 193 yrnaCT 274 yrnaT 276 yrneltaTH 363 yrneltaTH ce 363 yrneAHHK 85 yrnoBHH 267 yrJbap 44 YrJbeBHK 88 yrJbeaJLe 131 ymeH 76, 279 (ljJ) yrJbeHH 279 yrJbCHHK 158 yrJbeHHCaTH 339, 340 yrJbC'laK 30 Yrlbewa 79 yrlbera'l 62 yroltaH 265 yroltHIlK 85, 156
yrol)aj 24 yroCTHTCJb 191 yrOCTHTeJl.CKH 301 yroCTHTCJbCTBO 187 yrpH3215 YrpHH 91 yrpOlKaaaTH 364 yrypcy3nyK 153 YAaB 216 YAaaa'la 65 YAM6a 15,71 YAaja 19 y~aJLaBarH 364 YAaparH 361 YAapau 54 YAaxHyrH 362 YA6aw 68 YABapa'i 63 YABOjHTH 345 YABopHua 119 YAeo 16 YAcwaaaTH 364 YAHcaj 23 YAHcaTH 362 YAoBaU 57 YAOBH'IHH 289 YAoBIl'lHn 109 YAOBIl'lKH 299 YAOBHWTBO 185, 186 YAOCTOjHTH 345 yltpYlKelbc 174 yny6HHa 97 yny6Jbclbc 174 ylje 129 YlKan 22 ylKap 44 YlKapHja 81 (ljJ) YlKacaBajyliH 310 YlKacaBaTH 348, 365 YlKacHyrH 348 YlKernH 384 YlKerHyrH 372 YlKcliH 372 YlKHBanau 143 YlKHBaHUHja 252 YlKHBaUHja 218, 251,252 YlKHHaTH 326 YlKHTaK 27, 28 YlKH'IaUHH 93 Y3aK 256 Y3anYAaH 265 Y3311 272
Y3aCTOnI.\c 375 )'36PACJbaK 29 Y36pAHT 290 Y36pelKaK 29 Y36Y)l.JbHB 285 Y36yljCIIOCT 179 y36yljclbe 174 Y36yljyjyliH 311 Y3BHK 215 Y3BHcHHa 97 y3BH'IHHK 160 Y3aHwclbe 119 Y3BHWHua 119 Y3aoA3H 266 )'3rajanHwTe 128 Y3rajaTeJb 191 )'3rnaBaK 27 Y3rnaaJbC 130 Y3rpMaH 265 Y3rpeAHue 375 Y3AaHHua 122 Y3Aapje 130 Y3Aax 215 Y3AHcaj 23 Y3erH 362, 380 Y3HMaTH 362 Y3ner 215 Y3nerHwTC 127 Y3MaK 215 Y3HcMHpaeajyliH 310 Y3HeMHpaeaTH 364 Y3HeMHpaearu/)'3ueMllpIlBa Til 366 )'3ueMupell;,e 173 YJUCMHp"TI 345 Y3HOCHT 290 )'30paH 290 y30pHT 290 Y30pTHpaTH ce 355 y3pe'lHua 117 Y3poKOBaTH 350 y3pO'lHHK 160 Y3ypnaTop 248 yja 18 yjaM 214 yjltYPHcaTH 339 yjelt 215 yjeltHHHTelb 191 yjeltHlbasaTH 365 yjeltHlbelbc 174 yjeJtH3'!3BaTH 364
yje~ua'laBarH/yjc)\ua'lllaaTfI
365 yjKa 132 yj'lcaHlla 98 yjtlcaHIi 112 \ YKJICTII 380 yKJbY'lCIbC 173 YKIbHlKHlllla 98 YKOJbHua 119 YKon 215 YKonllHua 98 YKOCHHUa 164 YKpajHHau 52, 60 yKpac 216 yKpaCHTH 365 yKpacHH 265 YKpaWaBaTH 364, 365 YKpaWHBaTH 365 YKPOTIITClb 190, 191 YKpWTCUHua 118 YKyliaHHH 93 YKyliaHCTBo 189 ynaralbe 172 ynaraTH 362 ynal 216 yna33K 25, 216 ynalHH 265 ynalHHua 164 ynerHylie 193 yncnwaTH 336 ynHBaTH 367 ynH3Hua 114, 1l8, 147 ynll'lap 45 ynH'IapKa 139 ynH'IHua 114, 123 ynH'Iull 262 ynH'IlbaK 32 ynHwTC 87 ynor 213, 215 ynOlKaK 25 ynolKHTH 362 ynrpaw 70 YJbaHH 271 YJbaHHK 87 ylbapa 48 YlbYAHOCT 179 YJbYJbKHaaTH 370 yJbyWKHBaTH ce 370 YM3IbCHHK 86 YMalbelbC 173 YM3IbHBaTH 368 YM(Hj)elbe 168
501 YMCTaK 25 YMeT3JhKa 138 YM(j)CTIIIIK 158 YM(j)CTllllua 116. 163 YM(j)CTHOCT i 80 YM{Hj)elic 193 YM(j}ewall 268 YMHBaollllK 161 Y1>mBaoIlHI.\a 165 YMHBaTH 368 YMHJlHTH ce 364 YMlIlbaIIaTH ce 364 YMHJbaT 277 YMHJbaraH 263 YMHJbaTOCT 179 yMHpaTH 362 YMHpyjyliH 310, 385 YMHpyliH 311 yMHTH 368 YMHWJbaj 23, 24 YMjCTaIl 265 yMu.aK 35 YM060nIlHK 86 YMOBaTH 350 yMOpaH 265 YMOpCTBO 189 YMOTBop"lla 96 YMP{llj)CTIl 362 yMpnll 381 yMpnHua 118, 147 YHaJaAHTH 345 YHanp{llj)eAIlTIl 345 yuanpcljclbc 173 yuarpaWKC 376 YUHBep3Hj3Jl.a 221 YUIlBep3HTCTnllja 145 yUHjaT 226 YUHTapaH 316 YIIHTapHCT 244 YHHurrelbe 168 yHHUlTHTeJb 191 yHyKa 19 yHyraPIbH 293 YHyrpawlbH 294 YllyrpawlboCT 179, 180 yHY'lM 22 YHy..e 74, 204 YHY'lHIiH 108 (X)YIbKaB 254 y06palKeHKo 141 yo6palllJba 154 Y036HlbHTII 345
502
Tsop6a PC'l11 y caspeMCHOM CPIICKOMjc3HKY
YO'lJbHS 284
yn3JI 215
yna.nHua 119
yna,l\JbHS 286
ynaKHSaTH 369
ynaJba'l 62, 63
yne'laTJbHS 286
YUHjaTH 363
ynHja'l 63
ynHcHH 265
YIlHCHHUa 164
yllHTHH 265
yllHTHHK 160
ynJlaTHHua 164
ynnecrH 362
ynnHSHCaTH 340
YIlJIHTaTH 362
ynope.nHs 284
ynope.nHHK 86
ynopHwTe 127
ynopHoCT 179
ynocneH 175
ynocnelbe 175
ynoTPe6a 16
ynoTP(Hj)e6HTH 343, 364
ynoTPe6JbaSaTH 364
ynOTPe6JbHS 283, 284
ynoWJbelbe 175
yn paslITeJb 191
yn pasllTCJbHua 192
ynpasJba'l 63
ynpasHHK 159
ynperHyrH 372
ynpe3aTH 372
ynpeliH 372
ynponaCTHTeJb 191
ynponawTasaTH 365
ynponawliasaTH 365, 366
ynpowliasaTH 365
ynpTlba'la 67
ynyrllHua 164
ynyrcrso 189
ypaSIIHJlOSKa 136
yPaHaK 25
yp6a1lHcrH'IKH 321
ypreHTaH 3 16
ypreHUHja 252
yprHPaTH 356
ype.n 214
ype.n6a 71
ype.l\llHK 156, 158, 159
ype.l\llHWTSO 187
ypeljaj 24
ypCIjCHOcr 179
ypCIjClbC 174
ypnaTH 249
ypnaTop 249
ypnHK 214
ypnHKaTH 330
ypOKJbHS 283, 287
Ypow 183
Ypowcsau 56
Ypyrsajau 52
ycaspwasatbe 172
ycaspwasaTH 364
ycaspwlfIll 345
ycsojeHHK 87
yCSOjHl'CJb 19 i
yc(j)e.nU)cnHua 117, 147,
148
yc(j)eK 216
yceJbelbe 174
YCeJbliS 284
yCHjalbc 173
YCHcaSa'l 62, 64
YCHCa'l 62, 64
YCHcHSa'l 62, 64
YCKaKHSaTH 368
YCKlIaljHsaTH 368
yCKlIH'lIlHK 160
YCKOK 213, 215, 216
YCKO'lKHlba 107
YCKO'lHHUa 107
YCKpcHylie 193
YCKpWIbH 293
YCM(j)epasaTH 364
yCM(j)cpHSa'l 64
YCHeHH 279
YClbaK 34
ycnaSaHKO 141
ycnaSJbHSaTH 368
ycn(Hj)eSaTH 170, 367
ycneHcKH 299
ycn(j)cwaH 259, 262, 268
ycnHjywa 199
YCIIHlba'la 65, 67
ycnnaxHpHTH 108
ycnoMeHa 16
ycnoH 214
ycnopasaTH 364
ycnopelbc 173
ycnopHSa'l 64
ycnopHTH 345, 364
ycnpaulITH 345
YCPllllKO 141
yCpchHTCJb 191
yCpCIlHTH 345
ycrasllocT 179
YCTas06paHHTCJbH 192 \
ycrajaJlH 384
YCTajaTH 363
ycranuu 143
ycranuTii 345
ycrullaK 25
YCTaHHK 158
ycrallosHTH 291
YCTam 363
YCTawa 209
YCTaWTSO 185
ycrawua 202
YCTOIlHUC 375
yCl'pojcrso 189
ycy.n 16
ycxllhclbC 174
YTHa 73
yrupljclbe 174
yrcMCJba'l 62
YTCMCJbClbC I73
yrcMCJbHSa'l 62
yr(i)clUaH 266
yrHKa'l 62, 63
yrllJlHTapaH 316
yrHcKHsaTH (cc) 370 (<J!)
yrHuaj 23
yrOIlHjCKH 321
yrOIlHCT 243
yronHcrH'IKH 321
yronJbCHHK 86
YTopaK 27
yrO'lllWTC 127
yrPCIIHK 86
yrpllylic 193
yliyrKaTH 328, 368, 369
yliyrKHsaTH 368-370
yxallweHHK 86, 88
yxnc6Jbe/yxJbc6JbC 84
YXJbC6HjC 84
YUU)clbHSa'lKH 301
yupsaTH cc 326
yupSJbaTH ce 326
y'la 18
Y'lspwlielbe 173, 175
Y'l8pwliHsalbe 175
Y'lCSaH 268
Y'leHHK 86, 87
Y'lCIiHUa 116, 122
Perne-rap pe'lII Y'lelbaK 32, 87
Y'lCCHHK 158, 159
Y'lccTanH 384
Y'ICCTaHOcr 183
Y'lCCTSOSaTH 349
Y'lcwlic 130
Y'lHnHWTC 128
y'lHnO 150
y'lHIf 289
Y'lHHaK 25
Y'lHOHHUa 165
Y'lHTeJb 190, 191
Y'lHTCJbCS 295
Y'lHTeJbeSaTH 1Y2, 350
Y'lHTCJbHUa 116, 133, 192
Y'lHTeJbH'lHH 289
Y'lHTCJbKa 133
y'lMaO 384
Y'lMaTH 384 (<J!)
yl,l6CHHK 88
ywaT 276
YWCHau 59
YWHsaTH 368
yWHHyrH 372
yWIfTaK 28
yWHTH 368
yWHua 115
YWKOnJbCHHK 86
YWTe.na 16
YWTcljesHHa 100
yWTHHyrH 372
YWTHnaK 25
ywlic 129
<J!a6pHKaHT 225
<J!a6pHKaT 226
<J!a6pHKosaTH 349, 351
<J!asopH30Sal'H 359
<J!asopHT 359
<J!asopHTKHlba 106
<J!aroTHCT 244
<J!ajnHpaTH 355
<J!aKHw 125
<J!aKcHpaTH 354
<J!aKTH'IKH 321
<J!aKYJlTeTnHja 145, 146
<J!anHHra 137
<J!anHHKa 137
<J!anHl'H 137 (<J!)
<J!anH'laH 269
<J!anHwaH 264, 268
<J!ancH<J!HKal' 226
<J!ancHIllHKaTop 248
<J!aJICH<J!IIK08aTH 360
<paJlwlipaTH 355
<J!aMHJIHjapaH 316
<J!uHaTH3aM 232
<J!aHaTH30uam 359
<J!aHTa3HpaTH 354
<J!aHTacrH'laH 3 I H
<J!ap6ap 45, 47
<J!ap6apa 48
<J!ap6aTH 327, 344
<J!apH3cH3aM 232
<J!apMaueyr 231
<J!apMcpKc 133
<J!aca.na 221
<J!aca.nep 228, 229
<J!acUHHaHTuH 315
¢>aTa 18
<J!aTanH3aM 233
<J!aTaJlHcr 244
<J!aTaTH 328
<J!aTHpaTH 354
<J!aliKanHUa 147
<J!aIiKaTH 328
<J!aynHpaTH 355
<J!aycroscKH 307
<J!aUHjanaH 263
<J!awH3HpaTH 358
<J!awHcrH'lKli 321
<J!e.nepanlfcr 244
<J!C.ncpaTHSaH 31 7
<J!CJbTOHHcr 244
<J!eMHHH3aM 233
<J!eMHHHcr(a) 107
<J!CMHHHcrKHlba 107
¢>cHH'laHHII 93
<J!clloMcHanaH 314
<J!clbcp'le 204
<J!elbep'lHIi III
<J!CPHjanau 223
<J!eTHWH3aM 232, 233
<J!eTHWH3HpaTH 358
<J!cy.nanaH 314
<J!cy.nanau 223
<J!ey.nanH3aM 233
<J!HryPHPaTH 354
<J!H3HKa 239
<J!H3HKanaH 314
<J!H3HKanIlH 262
<J!H3H'lap 237
<J!H3H'IKH 314
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504
TBop6a pe'lll Y caBpeMeHOM cpnCKOM je3HKY
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<jJpH3ep 228 <jJpH3epaj 223 <jJpH3epKa 133 <jJpH3HjaHa 236 <jJpH3ypa 249 <jJpHwaK 256 <jJPKHyrH 372 <jJpKTaTH 332 <jJpJLa'lHTH 347 <jJpJbHTH 347 <jJPJLHyrn 347 <jJpojAHCT 243 <jJpojAoBaQ 55 <jJPOjAOBCKH 307 <jJpoHTanaH 314 <jJpOHTOBaQ II, 55, 56 <jJpoHToBKa 136 <jJPOHTOBCKH 306 <jJPTaJh 38 <jJpynaw 69 <jJpyCTpHpajyliH 311 <jJYA6anep 229 <jJY3HoHHcaTH ce 357 <jJYHKQHOHanaH 270, 315 <jJYHKQHOHep 229, 242 <jJYHKQHOHHcarn 357 <jJypHo3aH 318 <jJypyHHQa 115 <jJYPYH'le 204 <jJypyHUHja 47 (<jJ), 207 <jJywepaj 223 XaAe3eOBCKH 307 xaHpnHja 145 xajAaKaTH 330 xajD.)'KOBarn 350 xajAYKoBaQ 56 xajD.)''lHja 80, 81 xajAY'lHHa 95 xajeKaTH 330 xajKa'l 62 xanaKaTH 330 xanYQHHaHTaH 315 xanYQHHaQHja 251 XaJheTaK 28 XaJhHH'lHHa 103 xaMaMUHja 206 xaM6yprepUHja 206 xaM6YPwKH 299 XaMneTOBCKH 307 XaMneTOBWTHHa 211 XaOTH'laH 318, 320
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PernCTap pe'lH
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llJC1UHPHh 108 welUHp'lc 204 wewHpJ.lIlja 207 wH6aTH 326, 327, 372 llIH6C11CKI1 302 WH6cll'laUHH 94 uII161luap 42 IUH6Jl.3K 33, 34 WH6JbC 129 WH6Jl.HK 85 wH6Jl.HKa 89, 90 WHBaTH 368 WIlBaliH 277 WHllelbe 168 Ul1l311Ka 90 WHJMaTI1K 238 WH3HyTIl 373 WH30tPpcHH'lap 238 l11HKUTH 327 WHKJl>aj 24 IUHKJl.lITH 332 wHKllym 332 UlItKl'a"fH 332 UlHJIOBllhHjAAa 221 WHJb3K 27 WHJl.aCT 273 WHJbaT 276 IllIiJl.ClKlI.l\ 22 WHMC 74 WHMHKe 90 IllllMl11HpHK3 89 WHMl11HPOIl 296 1U1IIITcpaj 223 WHHynt 372 IUHI]'cn'lHh 111 wHllapal160 UllmapHua 60 UIHflKa 132 IUHlIpar 21 t1JHnpalKje 129 IllHllypaK 30 WHpHHa 96, 297 WHpHTH 297, 344 IUHpOK 297 WHPOM 317 WltTH 368 IUHhapuHja 207 withe 193, 194 lIIHqlpallT 224 wHtPPHpaTH 354, 356 WHtPPOB3TIt 351 IUHwalbC 172
WHwapaU 60 WHllJapHUa 60 llJfll11T3Jl.IIB 287 llJKaKJbHB 282, 286 l11KapTilpaTH 354 llJKHJl.aB 254 l11KnOilOTaTH 334 l11KJhOuaTH 327 l11KJl.OUltyTH 348 l11KOWbHB 285 wKonapau 60 l11KOnapHH3 98 WKOn311. 51 IUKOJlI1ua 115 WKOJllb3K 36 WKOnOBaTH 350 WKOnCKI1 302 WKonCTBO 187 WKOJl.Ka 135 UIKOJl.Kill.ta 114 WKOT 93 WKoTnall~allHlI 93 wKpa6ano 149 {til}, 150 wKpa6OTHH3 182 WKpryT 197,214 WKpryrant 334 IUKplKlbaJC 35 WKpHllyTH 372 WKpHn 327 WKpHua 17 WKpl1nas 254 l11KPHllllynt 372 wKpHnynTH 334 WKPOIIHOHHlta 165 l11KpOnOTaTH 334 wKpTapHTlI 346 WKPTatt 53 wKpTHua 118 IUKpTOCT 178 wnHllrepaj 223 IUnHtPOBlITH 351 wnorHpaTH 355 WJl.3KaTOp 249 WJl.anaTH 332 WJl.anKaTH 329 WJl.31111yTH 348 WJl.3nTaTH 332 lUJl.enKlITH 329 IUJl.HS3K 33 WJl.HBap 46 IUJl.HBHK 33, 155 WJl.HBHIl 109
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II. PYCKE PEQW lKCile3HWl Jl.opora 163 lKeHHX 6 (cj» )I{HJl. 176 KopolleBa 6 (cj» Kpblwa 375
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nHCK 214 (cP) nHIl\aTb 214 (cj» no60poTc;ll 160 n03Hl\HOHHblii 270 nYWKHH 381
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III. PE1I1I 113 JIATl1Hl1QKl1X JE311KA 11 113 fP1IKOr alpino 241 altrui 232 anima 20 animus 20 Apfelwein 66 apothecarius 42 argentum vivum 18 Arier 55 (ljl) articulus 26 artus 26 Aryan 55 (cjl) aryen 55 (ljl) Ausflug 216 autrui 232 aviateur 239 aviation 239 Backer 47 (ljl) bankrottieren 355
Basque 53 (ljl) beatnik 155 (cj» Becher 47 (cj» benestante 312 bibliothecarius 42 bitmek 341 Blondine 134 Botaniker 43, 238 braciola 123 bronchus 314 (ljl) Brustfleck 153 canzoniere 230 cascadeur 229 casus 75 Chemikalien 224 (cj» chemin de fer 166 christianos 93 christianus 93
cider 66 cidre 66 yizmeci 208 c1asseur 229 click 348 commando 252 commodite 245 comprimere 226 (cjl) computer 47 conditionner 356 conferencier 230 Congolais 58 contra 70 contrarrevolucionario 70 controleur 247 controllore 247 couche 351 croupier 230 cubano 322
I
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cucciolo 200 (cjl) cutu 200 (ljl) dadi 155 dalmatinus 59 damlZhk 155 Dank 379 dass 379 deal (to) 351 Denunziant 225 diagnostikbs 239 discothequenik 155 (ljl) diskette 231 DissonarlZ 252 distill erie 236 dobos 184 (ljl) Drilling 241 Dunciad 221 ebano 99 cfficace 264 ego 189 Einbildungskraft 154 (cj» Eisenbahn 163 Emission 270 (cjl) engineering 241 etiquette 250 exponere 226 (cjl) faktisch 321 fallire 137 (ljl) falsch 264, 266 falso 266 fehlen 137 (ljl) fiorentino 241 florentinus 241 francophone 264 (ljl) frasario 225 fresco 256 frisch 256 friseur 228 ruseau horaire 267 (ljl) garibaldino 219 gasieren 353 gazer 353 Geselle 186 Gesellschaft 186 glamorous 318 golear 220 Gordianos 40 Grobian 84
hamayh 147 hane 39 heroisme 232 herzzerreissend 312 honorieren 340 hortulus 44 hudidio 151 hydrogenium 162 Ich 189 Indian 58 Indianer 58 intriguer 355 iskeleci 208 Jacobins 24 J jazz musician 229 (ljl) jazzman 229 (ljl) judaeus 176
513
mockingbird 148 momcnlaneus 264 ($) moria 82 Moskof 176 mus 108 musculus 109 \, musizieren 353 . Nachrede 217 Nlirkissos 233 ($) Narzissmus 233 ($) nervus 250 nigger 194 Nike 133 (ljl) nordique 303 nordisch 303 nymphet 231 nymphette 231 oxygenium 162
kahveci 208 kesici 208 Kommission 270 (cj» Kommoditat 245 Kontrolle 17 kontrollieren 17 Krahe 20 (cj» kusch 351 lrutya 200 (ljl) Lackierer 228 laufende Rechnung 311 Iittera 219 lobbyist 243 Losung 137 (ljl) Iiiled 208 majorette 107 maltese 93 mancare 329 manikiiren 354 marinarius 44 Martian 59 Martien 59 mascarade 220 mascherata 220 masseur 228 matriarca 226 matriarch 226 militia 242 (ljl) millionnaire 228 Mircea 203 mitrailler 354
Pais vasco 304 ($) papadia 82 papyros 253 parfum 340 parfumer 340 pedikiiren 354 percussionist 245 pianino 241 (ljl) piraterie 219 plebeius 60 (ljl) Pocken 105 point de vue 127 politicize 357 (ljl) politiser 357 (ljl) Polizei 242 ($) pontifex 225 pOrlant 310 Portugalien 235 prigionc 196 prinler 63 process 247 proicio 353 proletaire 227 proletarius 227 promising 311 prosaicus 318 prosaiquc 318 provoziercn 248 pruszlik 153 ptOsis 75 publicus 246
514
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purgatorium J28
selectionner 356
tennis shoes 133
puzzle 148
self 189 self-destructive 312 sezieren 353 sintattico 320 Smiley 142 sniper 243 (Ijl) societas 186
socius 186
Solist 243 (<\I) solista 243 ($) soliste 243 (Ijl) soloist 243 (Ijl)
Sparhcrd 36
spatium 356
spiritueux 318
spontaneus 264 (<\I) stampa 327
stampare 327
Standpunkt 128
step 351
stoppino 240
strip (to) 351
Stuart/Stewart 230 (Ijl) sunragette 107 syntaktisch 320 syntaxique 320
Szenario 225 skolstvi 187
time zone 267 (
tragcnd 310
tranehieren 353
Trichinella 246 «I)
tricotage 222 (Ijl)
Tunisie 93
yapakh 146
ycpyeni 312
tap dance 351 tapezieren 353 teak 99 tennis player 219
zdravstvi 187
Zensur 17
zcnsuricren 17
Zentrum 69
qualitas 183
rahatlik 153 (Ijl)
rap 229 (Ijl)
rasllina 107
rationner 357
reciprocus 245
refusenik 155 (1jJ)
repre(n)saJia 214
reprehendere 224
repri mere 214
Resonanz 252
retirer 353
retirieren 353
Rollenlager 311
romancier 230
S. S. 56
sabotage 222
Sabotage 222
Saint-Bernard 241
salvia 195
Samaritanus 93
sehedula 196
Sehminke 327
schminken 327
Schottland 93
schreiende Farbe 310
Scotland 93
sedentaire 143 (<\I)
sedentary 143 (1jJ)
select 356
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urticaria 67
vasco 53
vascongado 304(1jJ) Venusian 59
veresi 76
Vergissmeinnicht 26 ($) Victorian 322
Viertel 38
Wagnerianer 58
Walpurgis 303 ($) Weg 379
Williamsbirne 136
wohlwollend 312
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