Life 2e Elementary – Student’s Book: Answer Key

Life 2e Elementary – Student’s Book Answer Key

UNIT 1 People Opener 1 Dinah is in Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea. She’s a diver. 2 1d 2a 3b 4c 1a Explorers 1 A man and a woman in Africa, and an elephant. Other possibilities: trees, hat, binoculars 2 1 photographer 2 husband 3 Africa 3 1 Joubert 2 Joubert 3 photographer, explorer and filmmaker 4 Africa 5 Africa 6 married 7 husband 5 a am, are, is b ’m not, aren’t, isn’t c Are, Is d am, is, aren’t, isn’t Answers to the grammar summary exercises on p 159 1 1 ’m 2 isn’t 3 ’s 4 ’m not 5 ’re 6 aren’t 2 1d 2f 3e 4a 5c 6b 3 1 are, ’m 2 ’s, ’s 3 Are, are 4 Is, isn’t 5 Are, ’m not 6 ’s, ’s 6 1 is 2 Are 3 I am 4 isn’t 5 She’s 6 I’m 7 aren’t 8 are 9 isn’t 7 1 ’m 2 Are 3 ’m not 4 ’s 5 aren’t 6 ’re 7 isn’t 8 Is 8 1 Are 2 ’m 3 ’s 4 ’re 5 ’re 6 Is 7 isn’t 8 ’s

9 1 What’s your first name? 2 What’s your surname? 3 Are you a student? 4 What’s your job? 5 Where are you from? 6 How old are you? 7 Are you married? 1b A family in Kenya 1 Students’ own answers 2 1 Kenya (and England) 2 Yes, they are. 3 He’s a conservationist. 4 He’s retired. 5 Yes, his wife is Katy. 6 No, she and Phillip have an international company. 3 1 Mary 2 Colin 3 Richard 4 Meave 5 Katy 6 Samira 4 M: father, half-brother, nephew, stepbrother, uncle W: aunt, mother, mother-in-law, niece B: cousin, grandparent, parent 5 1 uncle, aunt 2 niece, nephew 3 cousin 4 half-brother 5 mother-in-law 6 parent 7 grandparent 6 stepsister, half-sister, sister-in-law, father-in-law, stepfather, grandfather 7 Possessive ’s in the article: Louise’s mother, Louise’s father, Richard’s half-brother, Louise’s grandparents, Louise’s sister Possessive adjectives in the article: her family, Their uncle and aunt, his wife Answers to the grammar summary exercises on p 159 4 1 Lisa’s brother is here. 2 This is Hugo’s house. 3 Abby’s grandmother is Mary Peters. 4 Anna’s husband is a journalist. 5 Sara and Pablo’s father is in Brazil. 6 My parents’ house is in the centre. 7 Simon’s cars are blue and green. 5 1 Their 2 his 3 our 4 Its 5 my 6 your 6 1 your 2 my 3 His 4 his 5 Her 6 sister’s

8 1 My 2 I 3 your 4 you 5 She 6 His 7 Our 8 Their 9 1✓ 2✗ 3✓ 4✓ 5✓ 10 1 My name’s Fabien. 2 Her sister’s Claire. / Claire is her sister. 3 Their cousins are Juliet and Jane. 4 His grandparents are dead. 5 Is your name Sylvain? 6 Helen is our niece. / Our niece is Helen. 11 1 My 2 her 3 her 4 Their 5 His 1c The face of seven billion people 2 1 7 billion 2 1.3 billion 3 1 billion 4 23% 5 38% 6 51% 7 3.5 billion 8 5.5 billion 3 a 4 Students’ own ideas 5 1 live 2 speak 3 have 4 work 5 use 6 1b 2a 3c 4b 7 Example answers 60% of people in my country live in cities. People work in business and finance. People in the capital use the internet. 8 Population Spanish a service industry (hotels, banks, etc.) Mobile phones The internet

Spain 47 million 100% 70%

The USA 300 million 12% 55%

Everyone 30 million

Everyone 250 million

1d The first day 3 Matt and Valérie are new students. Rita works for the university

4 1 first 2 Laurens 3 Moreau 4 Valérie 5 New Caledonia 5 Students should tick: Hello … Hi … My name’s … I’m … I’m from … Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. This is … See you later. It was nice meeting you. Goodbye. Bye. 1e Introduce yourself 1 Matt First name √ Surname √ Job/Occupation √ Home country √ Language Family √

Valérie √ √ √ √

2a and is for extra information but is for a difference 2b 3 I’m British, but Hindi is my first language. 4 He’s from Germany, but he works in Russia. 5 My friend is 30 and he’s single. 6 I live in Spain, but I work in France. 7 She’s a student and she’s at Oxford University. 8 My family is in the countryside, but I’m in the city. 1f World party 1 Students’ own ideas. 2 1c 2e 3d 4b 5a 3 1e 2a 3f 4 g 5d 6b 7c 8h 4 1a 2e 3c 4f 5g 6b 7d 5

1a 2c 3a 4b 5a UNIT 1 Review 1 1 What’s your name? 2 Are you from England? 3 Where are you from? 4 Are you single or married? 5 Are you a teacher? 2 1 ’s 2 ’s 3 ’s 4 aren’t 5 ’s 6 ’s 7 isn’t 8 ’s 3 Students’ own answers 4 1 your 2 His 3 They 4 The photographer’s, my 5 Her, she 5 1b 2c 3a 4e 5d 6 1 have 2 speak 3 live 4 work 7 1 married 2 sister 3 aunt 4 nephew 5 goodbye/bye 9 1 Hi My name’s Rosa. Nice to meet you. 2 Nice to meet you too, Rosa. I’m Arnold and this is my wife, Sonia. 3 Hello Rosa. Where are you from? 4 I’m from Italy, but I live in France. Are you and Arnold from England? 5 Arnold is, but I’m not. I’m from Scotland. UNIT 2 Possessions Opener 1 seven people plastic 2 22 balls 50 shoes and boots 1 sofa 3 TVs 7 people 3 Suggested answers balls: yellow; black and white boots: black; grey; white a chair: black roller blades: white; black

a sofa: red shelves: white shoes: white; blue; pink a toy car: red and yellow TVs: black 2a A place called home 1 The apartments are the same size, and the walls and windows are the same. The position of the furniture is the same. The families are different, the things in the room are different and the sofas are different colours. 2 aS bS cS dD eD 4 Sofa Armchair chair television (TV) desk lamp computer pictures blinds curtains cupboards and drawers rug plant carpet

1 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

2 ✓ ✓ ✓

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

3 ✓

4 ✓

✓ ✓

✓

✓ ✓ ✓

✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

5 1 singular 2 plural 3 any Answers to the grammar summary exercise on p 161 1 1 There are 2 There isn’t 3 Are there any, there are 4 Is there, there isn’t 5 There aren’t any 6 There’s 6 1 ’s 2 isn’t 3 are 4 aren’t 5 Is, is 6 Are, aren’t 7 are, are 8 Are, aren’t 9 1 on 2 under 3 opposite 4 next to 5 on the right 6 in front of 7 behind Answers to the grammar summary exercises on p 161 2 1 are 2 isn’t 3 next to 4 any 5 Is there 6 opposite 7 on 8 above 3 1 in front of 2 on the right 3 on 4 on the left 5 between 6 under

10 1 in the middle 2 between 3 on 4 under 5 on 6 next to

2b My possessions 1 1 first-aid kit 2 bottle 3 camera 4 pens 5 boots 6 mobile phone 7 hat 8 knife 9 gloves 10 torch 11 map 2 Example answers 1 Students are likely to have a mobile phone and perhaps pens and bottle in their bag. 2 The rest are likely to be in their house (although students from warm countries who have no interest in outdoor pursuits may have few of them). 3 A kayaking B diving C climbing 4 1a 2d 3 a hat, a first-aid kit, a camera, gloves 5 1 -s 2 -es 3 -ies 4 -ves 5 men Answers to the grammar summary exercise on p 161 4 1 people 2 boxes 3 babies 4 sandwiches 5 women 6 scarves 7 train stations 7 This and these are for objects near to you. That and those are for objects away from you. Answers to the grammar summary exercise on p 161 5 1 that 2 this 3 these 4 that 5 those 6 this 7 these 8 those 8 1 this 2 that 3 these 4 those 9 1 What’s this? It’s a camera. 2 What’s that? It’s my mobile phone. 3 What are these? They’re my boots. 4 What are those? They’re keys. 10b 1 /ɪ/ 2 /iː/ 3 /iː/ 4 /ɪ/ 5 /ɪ/ 6 /iː/ 7 /ɪ/ 8 /iː/ 11 1 d (these /iː/) 2 e (this, is /ɪ/) 3b

4f 5a 6g 7 h (Is /ɪ/) 8 c (These /iː/) 2c Global objects 2 1a 2c 3b 3 1 A (a British car until 2000) 2 B (from many different countries in Europe and North America) 3 A (It’s a global product.) 4 C (It doesn’t say that the car is famous there.) 5 A (The petrol engine is English and the diesel engine is Austrian.) 6 B (It’s an American company [but] they make the car seats in a factory in Britain.) 7 B (The glass is French but the factory is Belgian.) 8 C (It doesn’t say this.) 4 1 Britain 2 German 3 Austrian 4 the Netherlands 5 Canadian 6 Italian 7 Belgium 8 England 9 Spanish 10 France 11 Brazil 6 1 Europe, North America 2 Students’ own ideas. Possibilities: Ghana, Morocco (Africa); China, Japan (Asia); Germany, Spain (Europe); Syria, Saudi Arabia (the Middle East); Canada, Mexico (North America); Brazil, Argentina (South America) 2d At the shop 2 1 $ = dollars (USA) 2 € = euros (EU countries) 3 ¥ = the symbol for yen (in Japan) and yuan (in China) 3 1 $3.25 2 €499 3 ¥280.50 4 1 (red) bag, $19.35 2 (large) coffee, £3.50 3 a football, €21 5 Can I help you? S I’d like a coffee, please. C Large or small? S A large one, please. C These ones are large. S Is there a medium size? C Are there other colours? C These ones are red. S

Those are nice! C How much are they? C Are they all black and white? C This one is red and blue. S OK, that one, please. C How much is it? C 6 S: Hello. Can I help you? C: Yes, I’d like a T-shirt, please. S: Large or medium? C: Medium. Are there other colours? S: These ones are green and blue. C: How much are they? S: They’re $7.50 7 1 one 2 ones 3 one 4 ones 2e For sale 1 1A 2A 3B 4C 2 1 modern / new 2 good 3 useful 4 fast 5 large 6 cheap 3 1 It’s an old car. 2 They’re slow laptops. 3 It’s a brown sofa. 4 They’re useful shelves. 4 Opinion useful

fast

Size

large

Age Colour modern white red

new

Nationality British

white and blue green

5 1 It’s a fast, new, Japanese motorbike. 2 They’re lovely, red gloves. 3 There are two beautiful, old, Italian chairs for sale. 4 A nice, small, grey computer desk for sale. 5 A large, modern, white house.

Noun desk Mini

engine rucksack

2f A thousand words 1 ‘A picture says a thousand words’ is an idiom. It refers to the notion that a complex idea can be conveyed with just a single still image or that an image of a subject conveys its meaning or essence more effectively than a description does. 2 1 on a train 2 Maybe he’s going home from work 3 the girl on the train 3 1c 2b 3a 4 Man: a bicycle, a pen, a bed, a lamp, a package Woman: apartment 102, a box, a plant, a cake, a camera, a letterbox 6 1c 2d 3f 4a 5g 6e 7h 8b UNIT 2 Review 1 1 is 2 are some 3 isn’t 4 aren’t any 5 in front of 6 on 7 between 8 behind 2 1 class 2 shelf 3 family 4 woman 5 knife 6 child 7 boot 8 shoe 3 1 that 2 this 3 those 4 these 5 2 map 3 Dutch 4 hat 5 blinds 6 France 7 age 8 money 6 1 red 2 desk 3 Austria / Belgium 4 roller blades 5 rug 6 Brazilian 7 slow 8 dollars 9 1b 2a 3d 4e 5c UNIT 3 Places Opener 1 It’s a railway/train station in Melbourne, Australia. 2 1 The clocks show the times of the next trains. 2 Because everyone knows where it is. 3 1 o’clock 2 half 3 past 4 to 5 minutes 6 twelve 4 Students’ own answers

3a No-car zones 1 1 Melbourne 2 London 3 Tokyo 4 Bogotá 2 1 for free music concerts 2 Ginza 3 shopping 4 the city centre 5 to work 6 Bourke Street 7 great shops 8 to eat 3 1 free 2 popular 3 crowded 4 polluted 5 great 6 noisy 7 beautiful 8 modern 9 clean 10 expensive 11 small 4 Students’ own ideas 5 With I, you, we and they, the main verb is have. We add don’t (the auxiliary verb do + not or n’t) to make the verb negative. Answers to the grammar summary exercise on p 163 1 1 I live in an apartment. 2 They don’t have a pet. 3 We go to work by train. 4 I don’t like swimming. 5 Julia and Carlo eat lunch in that restaurant. 6 We don’t meet our friends at the weekend. 7 Example answers Most people eat lunch in cafés. Most people like shopping. They live in apartments. They work in offices. 8 1 expensive 2 free 3 great 4 popular 5 crowded 6 quiet 9 1b2e3d4a5c 10 1 1 have, 2 live, 3 like, 4 do, 5 finish 2 do (the auxiliary verb) 3 1 and 3

11 1 What do you do? 2 Where do you live? 3 Do you like shopping? 4 What time do you finish work? 5 Do you have a car? 6 Do you eat in cafés at lunchtime? 7 What time do you eat dinner? 8 Do you meet (your) friends after work? Answers to the grammar summary exercises on p 163 2 1 Do you like going to the city centre? 2 Are you 32 years old? 3 Do you watch TV after work? 4 Is your city polluted? 5 Do you like that café? 6 Do you live in a small town? 3 1 Do … go 2 don’t have 3 don’t live 4 do … finish 5 do … do 6 like 7 go 8 ’m 3b Places of work

1

1 an accountant 2 a sailor 3 a pilot 4 a doctor 5 a waiter 6 a teacher 7 a sales assistant 2 1b 2c 3a 3 1 an archaeologist 2 under the sea 3 at school 4 the world 5 at the weekend 6 tour guide 7 three 8 France and Japan 4 1 you add -s or -es 2 doesn’t Answers to the grammar summary exercises on p 163 4 1 does 2 watches 3 is 4 goes 5 comes 6 finishes 7 has 8 speaks 9 wants 10 flies 11 studies 5 1 studies 2 has 3 doesn’t work 4 works 5 gets up 6 meets 7 starts 8 doesn’t finish 6 1 lives 2 works 3 doesn’t have 4 travels 5 studies 6 speaks 7 1 /s/ 2 /z/ 3 /ɪz/ 4 /ɪz/ 5 /s/ 6 /s/ 7 /s/ 8 /ɪz/ 9 /z/ 10 /z/

8 Example answers What do you study? What do you do? Do you have an office? Do you speak foreign languages? What languages do you speak? What time do you get up in the morning? Who do you meet in your job? Where do you work? What time do you start work? Do you travel in your job? 10 1 What does Beverly do? She’s a marine archaeologist. 2 What does she study? Places under the sea and objects from the past. 3 Where does she work? On her boat. 4 What time does she get up? Just after five o’clock. 5 When does she start work? After breakfast. Answers to grammar summary exercises on p163 5 1 don’t 2 does 3 doesn’t 4 do 5 doesn’t 6 don’t 7 Does 6 1 I like 2 Do you want 3 We don’t work 4 Does she read 5 Does he finish 6 My town doesn’t have 7 Some people speak 11 1 does he live 2 does he do 3 he have an office 4 does he travel 5 does he speak 12 Student A 1 Who does he work for? 2 Where does he work? 3 Does he speak English? 4 What time does he start work? Factfile 1 National Geographic Magazine 2 All over the world 3 English 4 nine Student B 1 What does he do? 2 Where does he live? 3 Does he have children? 4 What time does he finish work?

Factfile 1 Photographer 2 Lincoln, Nebraska 3 He has three children. 4 six 3c Places and languages 2 People speak about 7,000 different languages. Mandarin Chinese is spoken by over one billion speakers. Hindi is second. Spanish is third. English is fourth. 3 1 Latin America 2 second language 3 business, reading the news or study / official language for government in some countries or official language in universities and schools 4 109 51 4 first (order: ordinal number) one billion (how many: cardinal number) 5 Cardinal numbers in the text: one hundred and ninety, seven thousand, one billion, four hundred and seventy million, four hundred and eighteen million, three hundred and eighty million, one billion, eighty, four, twenty, 6,996, sixty-five, one hundred and nine, one point five, two, one, four Ordinal numbers in the text: first, second, third, fourth 6 1 1st, 2nd, 4th 2 23rd, 33rd 3 61st, 71st, 81st 4 120th, 121st 8 1 second language 2 first language 3 official language 4 native language 5 Spanish speaker 6 native speaker 9 1M 2S 3S 4S 5M 6S 10 Main idea: Unfortunately, the world loses a language every two weeks. Supporting information: This is because lots of youngerpeople only speak one of the ‘big four’ languages and they don’t learn the languages of their parents and grandparents. For example, Charlie Muldunga lives in Australia and he speaks English because it is the first language of the country, but his native language is Amurdag. Charlie is the last speaker of this language and when he dies, the language dies. 3d The city of Atlanta 2 1 visitor centre 2 children’s museum 3 Centennial Olympic Park

4 theatre 5 car park 6 library 7 business district (or possibly also hotel or university) 8 aquarium 9 hotel 3 Aquarium, Centennial Olympic Park, World of Coca-Cola 4 1 near here 2 about, away 3 straight up 4 Go across 5 on the right 6 Go past 3e My favourite city 1 A possible list: a travel website, a tourist information office or visitors’ centre, a travel guide, guidebook or map, friends who have already been to the place, travel blogs. 2 Bella mentions 1, 2, 3 and 4. 3a 5 and 7 don’t have a capital letter 3b I’m from Australia and I love Sydney! There are over four million people here, but it’s never crowded. That’s because there’s a harbour with the famous Sydney Opera House and there are beautiful beaches. On Saturdays I go with my friends to Narrabeen Beach. It’s quiet and relaxed. In the evening we go to the city centre. There are over three thousand restaurants. My favourites are Japanese and Lebanese. 3f Cowley Road 1 Students’ own ideas. Possible adjectives: famous, interesting, historical, old, beautiful It’s popular because of its old buildings, its parks and its university. 2 Possible questions: Where’s the shopping centre? Is there a railway station? What time do the colleges open? 3 1f 2b 3a 4d 5c 6e 4 Tick 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 13 5 1 Is there a post office near here? 2 Is there a good place to eat near here? 3 Is there a park round here? 4 How do I get to the supermarket from here? 6 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 b, c, e, f 5 b 6 c 7 a, b, d, f

7 1a 2b 3b 4a 5c UNIT 3 REVIEW 1 1 live 2 eat 3 like 4 work 5 have, go 2 1 do 2 Do 3 Do 4 don’t 5 don’t 6 don’t 3 1 come 2 lives 3 speaks 4 don’t 5 doesn’t 6 does 4 Present simple when you use he, she and it 6 1 restaurant 2 library 3 hospital 4 hotel 5 park 6 car park 7 museum 7 1 big 2 popular 3 crowded 4 beautiful 5 modern 6 polluted 7 clean 8 quiet 9 1 Where 2 near 3 away 4 across 5 Take 6 Turn UNIT 4 Free time Opener 1 person 3 2 1 shopping 2 friends 3 gym 4 good for you 5 morning 6 relaxing 4a 100% identical? 1 Students’ own ideas 2 Both 3 Job? Free-time Activities

The Mulgray Twins Writers

The Kitt Twins musicians and actors

The Phelps Twins actors

do gardening, go walking

do Taekwondo, go swimming

play golf, play computer games, watch football

4 1e 2a/g/h 3f 4g/a/h 5b 6h/a/g 7d 8c 7 The first three have a noun, the second three have the -ing form.

Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p165 1 1 making 2 watching 3 going 4 coming 5 swimming 6 shopping 7 playing 8 writing 2 1 writing 2 watching 3 swimming 4 listening 5 coming 6 doing 7 playing 8 but do they like doing the same things? They love books they like the same free-time activities They like gardening they like swimming they love playing golf and playing computer games They like football but they don’t like the same teams. 4b Free time in the Arctic 1 Students’ personal experience 4 1 yes 2 don’t know 3 no 4 no 5 yes 6 don’t know 7 yes 8 no 9 yes 10 no 5 Students’ own answers 6 1 often 2 always 3 sometimes 4 usually 5 never 6 not often 7 1 after be 2 before other verbs 8 1 usually 2 often 3 sometimes 4 not often Answers to Grammar summary exercise on p165 3 1 I sometimes do online shopping. 2 She always has a coffee after lunch. 3 Michael is usually in the gym after work. 4 I never play online games. 5 The students are often late for the lesson. 6 He isn’t often hungry in the morning. 9 Students’ own ideas 10 1 How often 2 at the end Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p165 4 1 We go for a walk once a day. 2 They go on holiday twice a year. 3 I use social media every day. 4 She meets her friends every weekend.

5 I visit my parents once or twice a month. 6 I go to the gym three or four times a week. 5 1 How often do you go for a walk? 2 How often do they go on holiday? 3 How often do you use social media? 4 How often does she meet her friends? 5 How often do you visit your parents? 6 How often do you go to the gym? 6 1 going 2 three or four times a week 3 swimming 4 often 5 once or twice a month 6 browsing 7 every 11 1 How often do you go to the gym? 2 How often does your family go on holiday? 3 How often do you read your emails? 4 How often do you visit your cousins? 5 How often do you drink a cup of coffee? 6 How often do you meet your old school friends? 12 1 I go to the gym three times a week. 2 My family goes on holiday twice a year. 3 I read all my emails once a day / every day. 4 We visit my cousins once a year / every year. 5 I drink a cup of coffee three times a day. 6 I meet my old school friends once a month / every month. 4c Extreme sports 1 1 Students’ own experiences 2 a baseball, basketball, cricket, football, tennis, (ice hockey uses a flat type of ball called a puck) b sailing, surfing, swimming c skiing (you play ice hockey on ice) d baseball, basketball, cricket, football, ice hockey (however, although the other sports are individual sports, they can be between two teams sometimes) e baseball, basketball, cricket, football, ice hockey, tennis f go cycling, running, sailing, skiing, surfing, swimming (note that we say do boxing) 2 1 D 2 B and C 3 A 4 All of them, to varying degrees! 3 Example answers exciting – skiing popular – football relaxing – swimming 4 1F 2O 3F 4O 5O 6F

5 The author’s opinion seems generally positive, he uses words like ‘exciting’ and ‘a great adventure’. 6 1 before 2 no 3 no 4 very well and a bit, both are at the end of the sentence 5 How well + can + subject + main verb 7 1 can 2 can 3 Can, can’t 4 can 5 can 6 can’t, can 1, 2, 4 and 7 contain adverbs 4d A gap year 1 1 volunteer jobs abroad (on a gap year) 2 1 Helping lions in Zambia, 2 Writing a newspaper in Bolivia, 3 Teaching English to young children all over the world 2 Students’ own ideas and experiences 3 Help the lions 4 Students should tick: Are you good at teaching? Do you like animals? I can speak English well. I can’t go for eighteen months. I’m (not very) good at writing. I love them! 4e You have an email 1 Example answers Students’ own ideas. People often use emails to make contact with people at work but use texts and online chat with friends and family; using the phone to call people is more likely with older people than younger people. 2 Work: 2, 5 and 6 Free time: 1, 3 and 4 3a 1 The new Spielberg film 3b 2 her = the receptionist 3 it = the party; him = Omar 4 it = sushi; there = to the new restaurant 5 one = the photocopier 6 it = the email from Paris; them = the two customers in Paris 4 1 I like Joe’s café. Can we meet there?

2 I have your letter. Can you come and get it? 3 Do you like Mexican food? The café downstairs does it at lunchtime. 4 I’m in my office so meet me here. 5 Olav can’t finish his work. Can you help him? 6 Matt and Suki are late. Please call them. 7 I like the new nightclub. Can we go there? 8 Can you buy a new computer? This one is very old. 4f In my free time 1 1f 2e 3a 4b 5d 6c 2 1 What do you do in your free time? 2 How often do you do it? 3 Why do you enjoy doing it? 5 Question 1 Caroline: going to concerts, playing the ukulele Maureen: gardening Ben: going snowboarding, playing disc golf Question 2 Caroline: every day for about 10 or 15 minutes; every week on a Monday Maureen: quite often in the spring; less often in the summer and autumn Ben: snowboarding for two weeks; disc golf once a week; competitions some weekends Question 3 Caroline: loves making music, getting together with friends Maureen: fresh air, eating fresh vegetables Ben: beautiful mountain scenery; hang out with friends; visit some interesting locations 6 1a 2a 3b 4b 5b 7 Students’ own answers UNIT 4 REVIEW 1 1 swimming 2 playing 3 going 4 listening 5 watching 2 1 Shelly never watches TV. 2 Chris often watches TV. 3 Annette goes to the cinema once a month. 4 Shelly sometimes plays computer games. 5 Chris plays computer games every day. 6 Chris sometimes goes to the cinema. 7 Annette doesn’t often play computer games. 8 Shelly usually goes to the gym at the weekend. 3 1c 2b 3e 4a 5d

4 1 running 2 camping 3 football 4 the guitar 5 a musical instrument 6 the gym 8 sport 6 1 ball 2 water 3 Ice 4 snow 5 teams 6 mountain 7 1 gardening, walking 2 Taekwondo, swimming 3 playing golf, playing computer games, watching football 8 1 at 2 well 3 play 4 very well 5 Do UNIT 5 Food Opener 1 1 outside, on the street 2 Students’ own ideas 2 1 She travels to different countries, meets new people and visits new places. 2 She tastes lots of different types of food. 3 To the local restaurants and cafés. 4 Because it has good street food. 5 Mexican tortillas 3 1 make 2 cook 3 smell 4 serve 5 taste 6 eat 5a Famous for food 1 1 rice 2 peppers 3 potatoes 4 chips 5 pasta 6 chicken 7 lamb 8 fish 9 raisins 10 juice 11 prawns 12 onions 13 oranges 14 salt 15 nuts 16 eggs 17 lemons 18 lentils 19 cheese 20 pepper 3 1 /tʃ/ 2 /dʒ/ 3 /tʃ/ 4 /dʒ/

4 1a 2c 3b 4f 5d 6e 5 1B 2C 3A 6 a 1, 2, 3 b 1, 3 c 2 (1: some people use fish) d 1, 2, 3 e 1, 3 f1 g2 h 1, 3 8 You can count onion(s), carrots and tomatoes You can’t count meat or bread. Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p167 1 1a 2 some 3 a 4 some 5 some 6 an 7 some 2 1 some 2 any 3 any 4 some 5 any 6 any 3 1 any 2 some 3 any 4 a 5 some 6 some 7 an 8 any 9 any 9 1a 2b 3b 10 1 some 2 a 3 some 4 any 5 any 6 some 7 some 8 some 11 Student A needs mushrooms. Student B needs butter and mushrooms. 5b Top five food markets 1 Students’ own answers 2 1 200 years old 2 meat and seafood 3 the local sauce 4 a great restaurant 5 live music / musicians 6 every day 3 Students’ own ideas 4 1 a lot of 2 many 3 much 4 much, many

Answers to Grammar summary exercise on p167 4 1 lots of / a lot of 2 many 3 many / lots of 4 much 5 a lot of / much 6 much / a lot of 7 many 8 a lot of 5 2 (no rewrite possible) 3 There aren’t many local markets in my region. 4 Do you buy many sweets for the children? 5 There isn’t much milk in the fridge. 6 (no rewrite possible) 7 She doesn’t put much salt on her food. 8 Do you eat many strawberries in the summer? 7 2 Castries Market, St Lucia 8 1 six 2 one 3 two 9 1 a bottle of sauce 2 a piece of chocolate 3 a slice of pizza 4 a glass of water 5 a packet of pasta 6 a tin of tuna 7 a kilo of flour 8 a bag of rice 10 How many asks about countable nouns. How much asks about uncountable nouns. Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p167 5 1 How many 2 How much 3 How much 4 How many 5 How many 6 How many 7 How much 8 How much 6 1 a 2 some 3 How much 4 any 5 much 6 some 7 an 8 How many 11 1 many 2 much 3 many 4 many 5 much 5c An eater’s guide to food labels 1 Students’ own answers

2 Example answers Labels show the name of a product, where it comes from, what it weighs, what ingredients are in it, how healthy it is (calories, fat, additives, etc.), its sell by or use by date, its bar code. 3 1b 2a 3a 4b 4 1b 2a 5 1a 2d 3b 4c 6 1 someone who doesn’t eat meat or fish 2 green = go, orange = slow down/stop, red = stop 3 Students’ own answers 7 3 A (Make sure) 4 B (can) 5 C (don’t need to) 6 A (Remember that) 7 A (be careful) 8 Example answers Make sure you eat fruit every day. Don’t eat a lot of chocolate. You can eat biscuits – but no more than two a day. 5d At the restaurant 1 1 Starters 2 Main courses 3 Desserts 4 Drinks 2 Students’ own answers 4 1 Man: seafood pizza; Woman: mushroom and spinach burger; both: sparkling water (one to share) 2 $26.40 (Seafood pizza $11.95, Mushroom and spinach burger $11.95, and one bottle of sparkling water $2.50) 5 Here is the menu. W Can I get you anything to drink first? W I’d like a bottle of water, please. C I don’t want a starter. C I’ll have a seafood pizza. C I’d also like a dessert. C Are you ready to order? W That was delicious. C Can I get you anything else? W Could we have the bill, please? C

5e What do I do next? 1 1b 2a 3c 2a See answers to 2b. 2b 1 comma (milk, eggs, butter and salt) 2 full stop (… in about fifteen minutes.) 3 comma (a cool, dry place) 4 colon (Please follow these instructions:) 5 comma (First of all,) 6 comma (After you open the bottle, use the sauce within three months.) 2c Fortune cookies are nice at the end of a meal in a Chinese restaurant and they’re easy to make. You need the following: pieces of paper, three eggs, sugar, salt and flour. First of all, write your messages on the pieces of paper. Next, mix the eggs, sugar, salt and flour, and pour the mixture onto a tray. 3 Example answer Cheese and tomato sandwiches are always good to eat and easy to make. You need the following: bread, butter, tomatoes, cheese and salt. First of all, slice the bread, tomatoes and cheese. Next, spread butter on the bread. Put some cheese on the bread and two slices of tomato on the cheese. Put salt on the cheese and tomatoes. Finally, put another slice of bread on top. Enjoy! 5f The world food quiz 1 Vegetables: carrots, cucumbers, potatoes, sweet potatoes Fruit: bananas, apples, sugar cane 2 1b 2e 3c 4a 5f

6d

4 1 flour, bread, pasta, 2 (b) Peru 3 stem 4 leaf 5 root 6 tomatoes, aubergine/eggplant 7 orange and lemon 8 peppers (or chillies) 9 coffee 6 1 cereal 2 eggplant 3 leaves 4 stem 5 wheat 6 Seaweed 7 Example answers Do you eat the stem, the leaf or the root of rhubarb? (stem)

Do you eat the stem, the leaf or the root of a potato? (root) Do you eat the stem, the leaf or the root of spinach? (leaf) What type of drink can you make from cocoa beans? (hot chocolate) Can you say three fruit and vegetables which are red? (tomatoes, cherries, strawberries, peppers) Which country or part of the world is famous for sushi? (Japan) UNIT 5 REVIEW 1 1 eggs C 2 rice U 3 lemons C 4 orange juice U 5 peppers C 6 cheese U 2 How much: rice, orange juice, cheese (also possible: chicken, fish, lamb, pasta, pepper, salt) How many: eggs, lemons, peppers (also possible: chips, lentils, nuts, potatoes, prawns) 3 1c 2d 3b 4e 5a 6f 4 1 much 2 A lot of 3 a lot of 4 a lot of / much 5 a lot of / many 6 not many 5 1 oranges, raisins 2 peppers, potatoes 3 chicken, lamb 4 juice, milk 5 pierogi, satay 6 bag, tin 6 Example answers 1 apples, bananas, strawberries 2 carrots, cabbage, turnips 3 beef, venison, duck 4 tea, coffee, soda 5 curry, ceviche, kabsa 6 packet, bottle, box 7 1 a slice of pizza 2 a glass of water 3 a packet of pasta 4 a tin of tuna 8 1 Would you like 2 I’d like 3 Are you ready to 4 Can we have UNIT 6 Past lives Opener 1 It’s a photo of the same two people, sister and brother Donna and Steven.

2 1 seventies and eighties 2 1981 3 2015 3 1 1970–1979 2 1789–1799 3 2002 4 1960 to 1969 5 1800 to 1899 4 a5 b3 c1 d4 e2 6a Famous faces 1 Students’ own answers 2 1c 2b 3a 3 1T 2 F (Now, his face is on the US one-dollar note.) 3 F (… there weren’t any famous people on the notes.) 4 F (… there were pictures of different types of building …) 5T 6 F (Frida and Diego’s faces are on the Mexican 500-peso note.) 4 1 the past 2 to be 3 were 4 was Answers to Grammar summary exercise on p169 1 1 Was 2 was 3 Was, wasn’t 4 weren’t 5 Were 6 were 7 weren’t 8 Were 5 1 was 2 was 3 were 4 wasn’t 5 weren’t 6 was 6 Student A 1 1 was 2 Was 3 was 4 Were 5 were 6 was 7 were 2 1 Paris 2 French 3 Switzerland 4 musicians 5 29 years 6 the nineteen twenties 7 Europe Student B 1 1 was 2 was 3 were 4 was 5 Were 6 was 7 Were 3 1 Japanese 2 1872 3 five 4 businessman 5 weren’t 6 writer 7 were 7 Example answers 1 f 2 g 3 c 4 d 5 a 6 j 7 i 8 k 9 e 10 b 11 h (This order assumes your students were children sometime between 1970 and 2000.) 8 1 When were your grandparents born?

2 When was your last holiday? 3 Where were you on January 1st this year? 4 What month were you born in? 5 Who were some famous people in the twentieth century? 9 We add -ed. Live ends in -e, so we only add -d. Study ends in -y and the y changes to i then we add -ed. Travel doubles the l. Answers to Grammar summary exercise on p169 2 1 lived 2 worked 3 travelled 4 finished 5 started 6 played 7 wanted 8 liked 9 stopped 10 watched 10 1 lived 2 studied 3 painted 4 died 5 travelled 6 worked 7 finished 8 started 11a 3 like = 1; liked = 1 4 want = 1; wanted = 2 5 work = 1; worked = 1 6 start = 1; started = 2 7 play = 1; played = 1 8 visit = 2; visited = 3 9 travel = 2; travelled = 2 6b Visiting the past 1 Example answers She lives there; She loves visiting them; She is studying / exploring / protecting them. 2 She grew up in the cave with her family. 3 1 Nepal 2 thousand 3 fifteenth 4 dry 5 born 6 better 4 1 no 2 no 3 didn’t Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p169 3 1 was 2 was 3 got 4 had 5 started 6 worked 7 wrote 8 died 4 1 went, I 2 grew, I 3 made, I 4 did, I 5 found, I 6 talked, R 7 bought, I 8 saw, I 9 painted, R 10 wrote, I 11 read, I 12 moved, R 13 had, I 14 met, I 15 listened, R 5 1 We didn’t go on holiday last year. 2 Magda didn’t like the film. 3 They lived in the USA for ten years. 4 Mike made a big mistake. 5 She didn’t buy a ticket. 6 I spoke to Bogdan this morning.

5 1 made 2 lived 3 built, moved 4 was 5 grew up 6 didn’t have 7 went, brought 6 1 was 2 grew up 3 went 4 got 5 had 6 left 7 Example answers I was born in 1997. I went to my first school when I was five. I didn’t have a job at weekends. I worked in the evenings. 8 Did Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p169 6 1 Did you live in a house or an apartment? 2 What did they do last night? 3 Where did Anton study? 4 Did you watch the football game last night? 5 Did the food taste nice? 6 How did they build their houses? 7 1 did you do 2 visited 3 didn’t know 4 grew 5 Did you like 6 was 7 played 8 Did you have 9 did 10 didn’t have 11 wasn’t 9 1 did 2 did 3 didn’t 4 did 5 Did 6 didn’t 10 1 What did you do at the weekend? A: I went to the Natural History Museum in London. B: I visited the centre of Rome. 2 How did you get there? A: I got there/went on the London underground. B: I got there/went by bus and by taxi. 3 Did you go with anyone? A: Yes, I went with a friend from school. B: Yes, I was with a group of people from work. 4 What did you see? A: I saw dinosaur bones. B: I saw the Coliseum. 5 Did you do anything else? A: I had lunch at the museum. B: I did some shopping. 6c Lifelogging 1 1 wrote 2 took 3 wore 4 made 5 posted 3 1b 2c 3a 4d

4 1 in the 1660s / in the seventeenth century 2 important events, the lives of famous people, everyday lives 3 23% 4 women 5 Gordon Bell 6 every 30 seconds 7 on social media 8 to learn about our lives in the twenty-first century 5 1 preposition 2 article + noun 3 preposition 4 preposition 6 Students’ own ideas 7 1F 2A 3F 4F 5A 6F 8 Students’ own ideas 9 Possible questions: How often do you write a blog entry? How many photos do you upload every day? Do you use a fitness tracker? If so, how often? Do you keep a hand-written diary? If so, how often do you write in it? What do you normally write about in your diary or blog? 6d How was your evening? 1 a1 b3 c2 d2 e1 f3 g3 2

   

fantastic, Great! It was fun, nice, It was funny OK, fine, not bad boring, terrible! not very good

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3b Example answers Possible questions: How was your lesson? How was your journey to school? How was your lunch? 4 1 How was 2 Where did 3 Who were 4 Was it 5 Were there 6 What did 7 Did you have 6e Thanks! 1 Example answers to a work colleague who has been supportive to people who have supported you (e.g. made a donation to a campaign you have run)

to people who sent a card or visited when you were ill or in hospital 2 A thanks someone for coming to her party B thanks someone for their work (probably in organizing a visit) C thanks a customer for attending a course 3a introduction: A Hi! B Dear Nadia C Dear Mr Keeping thank the person: A Thanks B Thank you C Thank you very much for … talk about future contact: A See you again soon B See you again next year. C I look forward to hearing from you … end the writing: A Love B Best regards C Yours sincerely 3b C very formal A very informal 6f Objects from the past 1 Example answers Students’ own ideas. It looks like a helmet and is made of gold. The object is important because it’s rare, valuable, reminds us of our past, and informs us of what happened in the past – what people wore and what they could make. People admire the beauty and skill and love learning about history. 2 1g 2d 3c 4b 5a 6e 7f 4 1 c, e 2 a, f 3 b, d 5 1 j 2 b 3 e 4 c 5 f 6 g 7 a 8 i 9 d 10 h 6 1a 2b 3c 4b 5a UNIT 6 REVIEW 1 1 Frida Kahlo was from Mexico. She was a painter. 2 George Washington was the first president of the United States. 3 Ichiyo Higuchi was a Japanese writer. 2 1 grew up 2 was 3 travelled 4 went 5 lived 6 worked 7 returned 8 wrote 9 became 10 died 3 3, 5, 6, 7 and 10 are regular 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 are irregular

4 1 Where did Marco Polo grow up in the thirteenth century? 2 When did he travel with his father and uncle? 3 Which parts of the world did they go to? 4 How many years did he live in China? 5 Who did he work for? 6 When did he return to Venice? 7 What did he write a book about? 5 1 Venice 2 when he was seventeen 3 Persia and China 4 seventeen 5 the Khan 6 twenty-four years later 7 his journeys in Asia 6 Example answers before 2001 / Wednesday / March this week / Wednesday / March / month / century the twentieth century / sixties last week / Wednesday / March / month / century on February (the) 28th in the evening / sixties / week / twentieth century in March / 2001 a week / month ago 7 Example answers Before 2001, people didn’t have iPhones. In the sixties, short skirts were popular. In the twentieth century, there were two world wars. 8 1 fine 2 OK 3 boring 4 funny 9 1 How was your evening? 2 Did you have a good weekend? 3 Was it a special party? 4 Where did you go last night? 5 Who were you with? 6 Were there lots of people there? 10 a4 b3 c5 d2 e6 f1 UNIT 7 Journeys Opener 1 It’s a long journey because the ladybird is small and moves slowly. It also looks difficult to balance on the plant.

2 tiny, hot, long, slow, difficult (note that red and green are other adjectives in the audio) 3 clean – dirty cold – hot dangerous – safe difficult – easy- fast – slow huge – tiny long – short 7a Animal journeys 2 1c 2a 3b 3 Saigas: spring / higher places / dangerous Turtles when they’re babies / – / long Frogs: spring / water / short, difficult 4 1 -er 2 more 3 good, bad 4 than Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p171 1 1 My car journey was longer than your bus journey. 2 My sister is taller than me. 3 She feels happier in the summer. 4 Today is hotter than yesterday. 5 Cars are more dangerous than planes. 6 He’s a better cook than me. 2 1 The new restaurant in town is better than the old restaurant. 2 German is more difficult to learn than English. 3 The book is more interesting than the film. 4 The weather today is worse than the weather yesterday. 5 She is busier than her husband. 6 Travelling by train is nicer than travelling by bus. 7 Josh’s house is bigger than my house. 3 1 faster 2 more expensive 3 shorter 4 more boring 5 hotter 6 easier 5 1 bigger 2 smaller 3 cheaper 4 more expensive 5 colder 6 hotter 7 more dangerous 8 safer 9 more difficult 10 easier 11 faster 12 slower 13 better 14 worse 15 longer 16 shorter 6 1 hotter 2 longer 3 bigger 4 safer 5 faster 6 more difficult 7 cheaper 8 better 7 Example answers 1 Australia is hotter than Antarctica. 2 A car is safer than a bicycle. 3 Rock-climbing is more dangerous than surfing. 4 Travel by air is faster than travel by sea. 5 An elephant is bigger than a lion. 6 A holiday in the city is more expensive than camping in the countryside. 7 Paris is better/cheaper/safer than New York. 8 Train journeys are slower than plane journeys.

9 Fact: Antarctica is colder than Australia. Opinion: Rock-climbing is more dangerous than surfing. 10 Example answers Answers will depend on what students wrote in Exercise 7. These answers are for the example answers: 1 Australia is hotter than Antarctica. F 2 A car is safer than a bicycle. O 3 Rock-climbing is more dangerous than surfing. O 4 Travel by air is faster than travel by sea. F 5 An elephant is bigger than a lion. F 6 A holiday in the city is more expensive than camping in the countryside. F 7 Paris is better than New York. O 8 Train journeys are slower than plane journeys. F 11 Students’ own ideas 7b The deepest place on Earth 1 1 take 2 go 3 travel 4 go by 5 travel to 6 take 2 Example answers 1 I walk / drive / cycle / take the bus to work / school; I go to work by bike / car. 2 We normally fly but sometimes we take the train. 3 I love to travel by train for long journeys because I like to look at the countryside. 3 1 The Mariana Trench 2 11 km 3 two hours 4 (one-man) submarine 5 fangtooth 6 68 4 Students’ own answers Possibilities: the place: in the ocean (deep, dark); type of transport: one-man submarine with special lights; sea life: new and strange animals, fish, fangtooth – big teeth 5 1 -est 2 most 3 the Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p171 4 1 biggest 2 longest 3 worst 4 fastest 5 highest 6 most dangerous 7 happiest 5 1 best 2 hottest 3 worst 4 highest 5 coldest 6 most popular 6 1 heavier than 2 lighter than 3 the lightest 4 the most expensive 5 cheaper than 6 the cheapest 7 shorter than 8 longer than 9 the longest 6 1 longest 2 shortest 3 fastest 4 slowest 5 most expensive 6 most difficult 7 best 7 1 most important 2 biggest 3 busiest 4 worst 5 fastest 6 most expensive 7 most popular 8 largest

8 1 the most famous 2 the most popular 3 the most beautiful 4 smaller 5 the hottest 6 the best 7 the cheapest 8 better 7c Visit Colombia! 1 Example answers Students’ own ideas. Possibilities: food and restaurants; history and architecture; festivals and celebrations; nature 2 Topics: food, friendly people, sculptures, squares, museums, music and dancing, festivals, trekking in jungles 3 1 Cali 2 Medellín 3 Ciudad Perdida 4 Cali 5 Cartagena 6 Medellín 7 Ciudad Perdida 4 1 port 2 chat 3 sculptor 4 sculptures 5 cable car 6 nightclubs/concerts 7 festival 8 ancient 5 1 spend time 2 have time for 3 Save time 4 have a good time 6 Students’ own answers spend/save money 7 Students’ own answers 8 tourists (It includes different topics that might interest visitors.) 9 1 business people 2 It’s about practical information for business visitors (i.e. airport, public transport, hotel, restaurants). 7d Travel money 1 1 change, dollars 2 spend, money 3 take out, money 4 pay, credit card 5 lend, coins 6 borrow, cash 7 buy, ticket 2 1a 2c 3f 3 1 course 2 can 3 Sure 4 could 5 Certainly 6 sorry 7 Could 8 afraid 4 Example answers A: Can you lend me ten pounds? B: Yes, of course. A: Thanks. B: Can I pay by credit card?

A: I’m sorry, but you can’t. Do you have cash? B: I’m afraid not. 7e The end of the road 1 1 on a bus journey from Lhasa to Kodari / in the Himalayas 2 three 3 the north side of Everest 4 it stopped 5 the driver 6 some of them were angry 7 he looked sad and lonely 8 he wanted a good hotel and a hot meal 2a 1 sentence b (the reason is that he wanted a hotel and a meal, the action is that he left the bus) 2 sentence a (the action is that he felt sorry for the driver, the reason is that the driver looked sad) 3 You use so to introduce a result. You use because to introduce a reason. 2b 1 because 2 so 3 because 4 so 5 so 6 because 7 so 8 because 3 1 and 2 so 3 because 4 but 5 because 6 so 7 and 7f The final journey 1 Example answers It’s dangerous because the bears are trying to eat them, the river is fast and they are swimming up river, and there may be rocks and other obstacles. 2 1 e, f 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 b 4 1b 2a 3d 4c 5f 6e 7g 5 1 Alaska 2 in the river 3 one in every thousand 4 the head turns green, the mouth grows longer, the skin turns red and becomes smooth 5 no 6 in the shallow water 7 fight over the females 8 lay their eggs 9 They become food for the baby salmon. 6 1a 2b 3a 4b 5b UNIT 7 REVIEW 1 1 Mercury 2 Jupiter 3 Mercury 4 Neptune 5 Earth 6 Mercury

2 1 nearest (superlative) 2 big, biggest (superlative) 3 hot, hottest (superlative) 4 longer (comparative) 5 best (superlative) 6 smaller (comparative), smallest (superlative) 3 1 Qatar is hotter than Berlin. / Berlin is colder then Qatar. 2 A Porsche is faster than a Mini. / A Mini is slower than a Porsche. 3 This house is more expensive than this apartment. / This apartment is cheaper than this house. 4 London is bigger than Madrid. / Madrid is smaller than London. 5 The River Nile is shorter than the River Amazon. / The River Amazon is longer than the River Nile. 4 1 the coldest 2 the fastest 3 the most expensive 4 the biggest 5 the shortest 5 cheap – expensive clean – dirty cold – hot easy – difficult fast – slow long – short safe – dangerous tiny – huge (or enormous) 6 Example answers It’s often ____ in summer. (hot) A Ferrari is very ____ and expensive. (fast) Quantum physics is ____. (difficult) A blue whale is a ____ animal. (huge) 7 1 by 2 walk / cycle 3 take 4 to 8 1 pay 2 lend 3 change 4 Take out 9 1c 2a 3b 4e 5d 10 Example answers A: Can you lend me twenty euros? B: Yes, of course. A: Thanks. Can I pay you back on Monday? B: Sure. No problem. UNIT 8 Appearance Opener 1 1 in the Philippines 2 colourful, crowded, exciting, fun, loud, noisy, popular

2 1 F (I was in … Iloilo … I wanted to see the city’s annual Dinagyang Festival.) 2T 3T 4 F (You can hear music everywhere …) 5 F (I also ate lots of local food – it was delicious!) 8a Global fashions 1 1 T-shirt 2 jeans 3 top 4 sunglasses 5 jacket 6 shoes 7 coat 8 bag 9 socks 10 trousers 11 shorts 12 skirt 13 belt 14 suit 15 dress 16 uniform 17 trainers 18 scarf 19 leggings 20 shirt 21 tie 2 /ʃ/ shoes, shirt, shorts /s/ suit, skirt, sunglasses, socks 3 Example answers 1 I wear jeans and trainers every day. 2 I only wear shorts in summer. 3 I only wear a coat in winter. 4 for weddings, for work 5 for weddings, parties 6 nurses, police officers, some doctors, pilots 4 Students’ own answers 5 1 the Philippines 2 all over the world 6 1 Reese 2 Local women 3 Local women 4 Fashion designers 7 1 -ing form 2 I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are 3 this week, today, at the moment Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p173 1 1 I’m wearing my favourite shirt today. 2 Are you staying at a hotel in the city centre? 3 She isn’t working this morning. 4 We’re waiting for our train now. 5 Are Claudia and Martin watching TV? 6 I’m not going to my lessons at the moment. 7 They aren’t staying here for long. 8 Is he learning a new language? 2 1 ‘s raining outside 2 ’m wearing a T-shirt 3 ’s talking to someone else 4 ’m browsing the internet

5 ‘s waiting for her 6 ’m living with my parents 7 ’s staying at home today 8 computer isn’t working 8 1 ’m shopping 2 aren’t working 3 ’s holding 4 isn’t making 5 Are, buying 6 Is, designing 9 Students’ own answers 11 1 present simple 2 present continuous Answers to Grammar summary exercise on p173 3 1 are you doing 2 ’m shopping 3 ’m going 4 work 5 finish 6 Do you like 7 Are you going 8 want 12 1 ’m travelling 2 doesn’t go 3 she’s visiting 4 likes 5 is going 6 doesn’t go 7 ’s working 8 comes 13 1d 2a 3e 4b 5c 8b People at festivals 1 1 hair 2 head 3 eyes 4 mouth 5 beard 6 shoulder 7 arm 8 hand 9 leg 10 foot 2 1 hair, eyes 2 beard, mouth 3 head, ears 4 hands, neck 5 arms/legs, legs/arms 3 head – leg shoes – suit beard – ears eye – tie feet – jeans nose – coat 4 Example answers 1 In photo 1, the people in costumes are dancing; people are watching; in photo 2, people are making a human tower. 2 In photo 1, some people are wearing big masks and historical costumes; in photo 2, people are wearing light, blue and white clothes and black belts. 5 1 the human tower 2 the dancers in costumes and masks 6 1 arms 2 hands 3 feet, shoulders 4 legs 5 heads 6 mouths 7 beard 7 1a 2b3 c1 2 Yes, I have. 3 a is b has Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p173 4 1 He hasn’t got any brothers or sisters.

2 She’s got blue eyes. 3 I’ve got a new computer. 4 Our town hasn’t got many parks. 5 They haven’t got any children 6 You’ve got time for a coffee. 5 1 Has your brother got brown eyes? No, he hasn’t. 2 Have you got a new phone? Yes, I have. 3 Have your parents got black hair? Yes, they have. 4 Has Lucy got a pet? No, she hasn’t. 5 Have we got any milk left in the fridge? No, we haven’t. 6 Have they got tickets for the concert? No, they haven’t. 6 1 ’s got 2 ’s got 3 ’ve got 4 ’s got 5 hasn’t got 6 had 7 haven’t got 8 1 ’ve got 2 ’ve got 3 Have, got 4 haven’t 5 ’ve got 6 ’ve got 7 ’s got 8 ’s got 9 1 are 2 ’ve got 3 ’ve got 4 has got 5 ’s got 10 Example answers I’m tall. I’ve got a round face, a small nose and a wide mouth. I’ve got blue eyes and short, brown hair. I usually wear jeans and T-shirts, but today I’m wearing a white shirt, black trousers and a jacket. I’m wearing blue socks and black shoes. 8c Pink and blue 1 Same: everything’s the same colour, both photos have clothes, both photos have toys Different: the girl’s things are pink and the boy’s are blue, the girl has lots of dolls and dresses, the boy has cars and football shirts 2 1c 2a 3d 4b 5e 3 1b 2e 3a 4f 5d 6h 7g 8c 4 Tick 1, 2, 4, 5 3: the article only mentions the USA and South Korea 6: the references to the past don’t mention bedrooms 7: no comment is made on whether she thinks this is good or bad 5 1c 2a 3b 6 Example answers Students’ own answers 1 When I was a child, I liked sport / cars / riding bikes. 2 In my living room, I have possessions like a TV set and a vase. 3 I often wear jeans and hoodies, like other people of my age.

7 Students’ own answers 8d The photos of Reinier Gerritsen 2 1 They are on the subway/underground. One woman is listening to music / checking her phone while another woman is looking at what she is doing. One woman is reading. A couple are holding each other close. They feel tired and/or bored (it seems to be either the start or the end of the day). A woman is looking at the photographer; the woman feels very interested in what is on the other woman’s phone. 2 Students’ own answers. It’s interesting because it tells stories – different people doing different things; it is interesting because we wonder what the woman on the left is looking at; the woman on the right is moving away from the woman on the left; it captures the tiredness of commuters, and the space between them. 3 1 His photos are very interesting and the speaker likes them because normally she doesn’t look at people in their everyday life very closely, but the photographer does. 2 on the New York subway 3 First: The man and woman on the right Second: The woman in the middle reading her book. Third: The woman with blonde hair listening to music. Fourth: Then the other blonde woman on the left watching her. Fifth: The other woman at the back looking at the photographer. 4 1 b 2 a 3 j 4 c 5 f 6 h 7 d 8 e 9 i 10 g 5 The letter e is silent. interesting sometimes everyday listening blonde closely 6 The subject of the photo is the people, men and women, on the train or the underground in the rush hour. 8e Short and simple 1 a I agree. / OK. b I like it. c That’s funny / That makes me laugh. d Well done. / You did a good job. e That makes me angry. 2 1 b or d 2 b or c 3 e 4 a or b 5 b 3b 1 b: rules 1, 4, 2 a: rules 2, 3 3 a: rules 5 and 6 4 b: rule 1, 4

3c Example answers 1 (I’m) in town today, can we meet? 2 Sorry, I’m staying with friends (this week) 3 Have fun! See you in the summer! 5 Example answers Can we meet today? Busy right now. Sorry. Let’s meet in the evening. OK. How about 8? OK. Let’s meet in the café. Great. Bye. 8f Festivals and special events 1 1 uniforms and special hats 2 Students’ own answers 2 1 mask 2 costume 3 jewellery 4 clarinet 5 clown 6 trumpet 7 glove 3 Students’ own answers You see clowns in circuses, the instruments in parades with marching bands, masks and costumes in festivals. 4 1 make-up, costume 2 make-up, clown 3 clarinet, trumpet 4 make-up 5 mask, gloves, jewellery 5 1 in Scotland 2 yes 3 the USA 4 He’s listening to his national anthem. 5 Buenos Aires 6 loud 7 in Jaipur 8 yellow, orange, pink, red, purple, light blue and dark blue 9 Venice 10 every year 6 1b 2a 3b 4c 5c 7 The words are very positive. You use them when something is very, very good. 9 1 (Beltane fire festival)

UNIT 8 REVIEW 1 1 page 95 2 page 96 3 page 99 4 page 93 5 page 100 2 Sentence 1 is present simple, 2, 4 and 5 are present continuous, 3 is present simple of have got Use the present simple for routines and habits. Use the present continuous for things happening now. Use have got for family, possessions and appearance. 3 1 ’re working 2 always starts 3 are you doing 4 ’s writing 5 live 6 Do you like 7 are you wearing 8 ’re driving 4 1 has got 2 haven’t got 3 have got 4 hasn’t got 5 haven’t got 6 has got 7 Have, got 8 Has, got 5 1 mask 2 happy 3 top 4 tie 5 arm 6 angry 7 scarf 8 hand 9 socks 10 eye 6 1 shows 2 costumes 3 make-up 4 hats 5 in the middle 6 looks UNIT 9 Entertainment Opener 1 It isn’t clear. Students should speculate and give reasons. 2 1 in an art gallery 2 a video 3 They’re watching a film. 3 1 in an art gallery 2 in a museum 3 at a cinema 4 at home 5 at a concert 6 at a theatre 7 at a stadium 9a The Tallgrass Film Festival 1 Students’ own answers 2 a thriller b animation c comedy d romantic comedy e documentary f horror film g science-fiction film h fantasy 4 science fiction, documentaries, fantasy, comedy thriller, drama, animation 5 1T 2T 3 F (You can see many different films …)

4T 5 F (it’s about two brothers who love football) 6 F (… for the whole family) 7 1 Mother 2 a Japanese restaurant 3 no 8 1 buy 2 see 3 going 4 have 5 stay 9 1 future 2 ’m not / aren’t / isn’t going to Am / Are / Is + subject + going to 3 going to Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p175 1 1 I’m going to meet my friend later. 2 We’re going to finish work early today. 3 Correct 4 They aren’t going to watch the football game tonight. 5 Correct 6 Are you going to travel by car tomorrow? 2 1e 2f 3a 4c 5d 6g 7h 8b 3 1 Are you going to watch 2 I’m not going to watch 3 aren’t going to eat 4 ’re going to sit 5 are you going to do 6 ’m going to relax 10 1 We’re going to see a film at the new cinema. 2 I’m not going to buy a ticket. It’s too expensive. 3 Are you going to buy the tickets online or at the cinema? 4 Where are you going to sit? 5 I’m not going to watch the film. It starts at midnight. 6 Where are you going after the film? 7 Are they going to meet us in the centre of town? 8 I’m never going to watch a film by that director again! 12 This evening, I’m going to watch a film. This weekend, I’m going to visit friends. Next weekend, I’m going to see a play. This summer, we’re going to fly to Spain. 13 Are you going to watch a film this evening? Are you going to visit friends this weekend? Are you going to see a play next weekend? What are you going to do this summer?

9b What’s the future for TV? 1 1b 2f 3g 4a 5d 6c 7e 2 1b 2f 3e 4d 5

6c 7g

4 1A 2C 3B 5 1 drama series and comedy shows 2 because you can watch it when you want 3 video games, fashion, films and music 4 to learn how to do something new 6 Example answers We’re going to watch TV in the future because there are good programmes on it / it’s good for the news / TV programmes are better quality. We aren’t going to watch TV in the future because you can find anything online / you can watch programmes when you want to online / you don’t have to watch advertisements online. 7 1 first part 2 second part, the infinitive with to Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p175 4 1f 2d 3c 4e 5a 6b 5 1 I went to the shops to buy some new shoes. 2 He called the restaurant to book a table. 3 Helen is going to the sports centre to have a swim. 4 They called the cinema to book tickets for the film. 5 She went to the supermarket to get some food for dinner. 6 I’m going to the university library to study for my exams. 8 1c 2a 3e 4b 5d 9 c2e3b4a5d 1 I’m going to read this book about Martin Scorsese to find out about his life. 2 I’m going to art school to study painting. (Note that we reduce going to go to going here) 3 I’m going to play this computer game again to reach level five. 4 I’m going to buy theatre tickets to see a play by Shakespeare. 5 I’m going to watch these videos to learn how to play the guitar. 9c Nature in art 1 Example answers 1 Students’ own opinions: they may all look fairly modern (though 3 is a very traditional Japanese artwork) 2 answers can be checked later in the reading text

3 1: flowers, leaves; 2: rocks, lakes, grass; 3: birds, trees, sea, sky, mountain, leaves; 4: flowers 2 Students’ own answers 3 1 Vincent Van Gogh 2 Stanislaw Witkiewicz 3 Andõ Hiroshige 4 Beatriz Milhazes 4 Stanislaw Witkiewicz: 1 Andõ Hiroshige: 1, 6 Beatriz Milhazes: 1, 2, 4, 5 Vincent Van Gogh: 1, 3, 5, 6 5 like one thing more than another 6 1 The writer likes Beatriz Milhazes’ work (and arguably that of Vincent van Gogh – the writer doesn’t say she likes his paintings, but the phrase ‘I prefer his other paintings’ does imply that she likes some of his work.) 2 The writer prefers Milhazes’ paintings (to her sculptures) and van Gogh’s other paintings (to his sunflowers). 9d Making arrangements 2 1 The Phantom of the Opera 2 tonight 3 She’s working late. 4 Yes 5 seven thirty 6 seven 3 1 like 2 free 3 want 4 ’d love 5 ’m sorry 6 great 7 time 8 meet 9 See 4 1 I’d love to. 2 I’d really like to. 3 That’s great! 4 That sounds fantastic! 9e It looks amazing! 1 Students’ own answers 2 1 music 2 a restaurant 3 an art exhibition 4 a film 5 perfume 3 3 is positive; 5 is negative; 1, 2 and 4 are overall positive (but have some negative comments) 4a 1 it sounds very slow 2 it tasted great 3 They look amazing! 4 I felt scared 5 it smells awful

4b a musical at the theatre: looks, sounds a fitness centre: looks, feels a new building: looks a concert: looks, sounds, feels a new café: looks, feels, tastes, smells a new type of perfume: smells a computer game: looks, sounds, feels a new type of sports car: looks, sounds, feels some men’s aftershave: smells clothes in a shop: looks, feels a new type of chocolate: tastes, smells 4c angry: look, sound beautiful: look, sound bored: look, sound, feel delicious: look, taste, smell loud: sound interesting: look, sound, smell, taste nice: look, sound, smell, taste, feel soft: look, feel terrible: look, sound, smell, taste, feel tired: look, sound, feel 9f Filming wildlife 1 Students’ own answers 2 Students’ own answers. Reasons may include that it only comes out at night, it lives in trees, it’s completely silent, it likes to hide from humans, it’s fast, it’s quick to smell danger or the presence of humans, it’s camouflaged by its skin markings among the leaves, it’s very rare. 3 1c 2a 3e 4b 5d 4 1c 2i 3d 4a 5g 6b 7e 8f 9h 5 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 c 6 a, b, d 6 1b 2c 3b 4a 5b 7 1 maker 2 rainforest 3 rarely 4 team 5 collected 6 studied UNIT 9 REVIEW 1 1 are going to watch 2 are going to play 3 ’m going to meet

4 aren’t going to drive 5 Are, going to have 6 ’s going to buy 7 isn’t going to write 8 Is, going to play 2 I’m going to the theatre to see a musical. I’m going to a concert to listen to music. I’m going to an art gallery to look at paintings. I’m going to a café to have a drink. I’m going to the shops to buy clothes. 3 I’m going to the cinema to see a new thriller. I’m going to my friend’s house to listen to music. 4 1 science fiction 2 comedy 3 documentary 4 horror 5 thriller 6 animation 5 1 film 2 news 3 fruit 4 birds 5 lake 6 1 news, sport programme, wildlife documentary 2 news: boring/interesting, sport programme: exciting/ boring, wildlife documentary: interesting, funny, exciting, boring 3 Students’ own answers 8 1 Would you like to come to the cinema? 2 When are you going? 3 At six. 4 Sorry, but I’m working late. 5 The film is also on at nine. 6 OK. I’d love to come at nine. 7 Great. Let’s meet outside the cinema at quarter to nine. 8 Right. See you there. Bye. UNIT 10 Learning Opener 1 Students’ own answers. The walls of the long corridor are lined with books, so students may suggest that it’s a university or library or even a book store or repository of some kind. It’s actually a bookshop. People go there to look at books and buy them. 2 1 famous in history as a city of learning and culture, famous artists and writers came from here 2 books on every subject: geography, history, maths, chemistry, biology, children’s literature 3 1c 2a 3h 4b 5d 6g 7e 8f

10a What have we learned? 1 A the space station is going round the earth B an invisible car C teleporting 2 1A 2B 3C 3 1✓ 2✗ 3✓ 4✓ 5✗ 6✓ 5 1 teach 2 pass 3 study 4 remember 5 understand 6 invented 6 1 past 2 no 3 have Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p177 1 1 done 2 begun 3 been 4 seen 5 watched ✓ 6 heard ✓ 7 spoken 8 eaten 9 made ✓ 10 got ✓ 11 bought ✓ 12 woken 13 understood ✓ 14 known 15 learned/learnt ✓ 16 worked ✓ 2 1 I haven’t travelled on an aeroplane. 2 They haven’t seen the new film. 3 He’s forgotten his friend’s telephone number. 4 Isabel has started a language course. 5 Leo’s become a member of a gym. 6 She hasn’t eaten her dinner. 7 We haven’t done any exercise. 8 Our train has left the station. 7 1 has 2 has 3 have 4 haven’t 5 hasn’t 6 have 8 1 ’ve passed 2 ’s studied 3 have gone 4 haven’t understood 5 has designed 6 hasn’t done 7 ’ve forgotten 8 haven’t seen 9 1 Have 2 haven’t 3 Has 4 finished 5 ever 6 never Answers to Grammar summary exercise on p177 3 1 Have, finished, have 2 Has, found, hasn’t 3 Has, visited, has 4 Have, bought, have 5 Have, met, have 6 Have, written, haven’t 10 Correct questions: Have you ever … been on TV? failed a test? invented something? met a famous person? written a book? worked in another country?

Students’ own answers 10b How good is your memory? 1 Students’ own answers 4 Student A: memorizing names and faces – repeat their name and use it in conversation; at work write their name, job, etc. down Student B: memorizing numbers – repeat them; make the numbers personal, e.g. your age, a house number Student C: memorizing directions and addresses – repeat the directions or draw a picture (using different colours) 5 1 Nelson Dellis 2 USA memory championship, yes (three times before) 6 1b 2a 3c 7 1 99 2 300 3 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2015 4 the Olympic Games 5 memory techniques 6 for hours and hours and hours every day 7 people all over the USA 8 1 past 2 past simple 3 present perfect Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p177 4 1 today 2 went 3 didn’t see 4 started 5 this week 6 finished 5 1d 2 a 3 b 4 c 1g 2f 3i 4h 5e 6 1 Have, seen 2 ’s lost 3 went 4 asked 5 did, help 6 didn’t have 7 have spoken 8 ’ve, put 9 1 has failed, failed 2 has studied, studied 3 has made, made 4 called, ’ve called 5 saw, ’ve seen 10 1 Have you ever taken an English exam? When did you take it? 2 Have you ever studied science? Where did you study? 3 Have you ever taught a subject? What did you teach? 4 Have you ever learned/learnt a musical instrument? What did you learn?

10c Good learning habits 1 These are suggested answers: good habits: b, c, j, m bad habits: a, e, g, h, i, k, l not good or bad: d, f 2 Students’ own answers 3 1 He listens to loud hip-hop music. 2 28 Olympic medals (23 of which are gold). 3 brushing our teeth, practising 30 min a day 4 because it’s fun 5 because you spend more money, eat too many calories and drink more caffeine 6 up to 254 days 7 change the situation 4 a2 b1 c3 5 a paragraph 2 b paragraph 1 c paragraph 3 6 get up (line 5), give up (line 30) 7 1a 2d 3c 4e 5b 8 Possible answers: 1 dress up 2 wake up / get up 3 give up 4 go up 9 Example answers Marathon / Olympic swimming: give up smoking and drinking sugary drinks; train every day; run/swim ten kilometres a day; work out in the gym; go to bed early; eat healthy food / high energy food Coffee: change your morning routine; drink something else – tea or milk; give up meeting friends in coffee shops Save money: give up shopping; stay at home at the weekend; stop going on holidays; get a better job Musical instrument: practise every day; get up early to practise; get a good teacher 10d Communication problems 1 1 He seems annoyed or frustrated. He has a problem with his phone. 2 Students’ own answers 2 1 in Kuala Lumpur (at the Ancasa hotel) 2 it’s three o’clock in the afternoon 3 Omar’s mobile 4 the Ancasa Hotel 5 603 2169 2266

6 on the company website 3 1b 2e 3a 4d 5c 6f 4 1 afternoon 2 Ancasa 3 A 10e Please leave a message after the tone 1 1 j underscore jones at hotmail dot co dot uk 2 www dot ancasa dot com 3 charity help dot org slash b dash 2 3 1 Name of caller: Richard Sanger 2 omarox.com/e-1 3 Call him back on his mobile number 4 0770 234 3785 5 [email protected] (underline, not dash) 4b 1 Call Jim back this evening. 2 (Please) Email the date of the meeting. 3 Meet Mrs Rivers at the airport. 4 Book a room for two nights at the hotel. 5 Buy two new mobile phones. 10f Memory and language learning 1 1 English 2 and 3 Students’ own answers 4 Children learn quicker; it opens your eyes to another language and culture; it will help them with jobs in later life. 2 1 Which language are you learning at the moment? 2 What do you find difficult about learning a language? 3 When you see or hear a new word in the language, how do you memorize it? 4 What is your advice for someone who wants to learn a new language? 4 Speaker 1 1 English 2 so many new words to learn; it’s difficult to understand every word 3 write words and definitions down 4 have fun, but work hard; study every day and practise Speaker 2 1 French 2 remembering vocabulary; ends of verbs, particularly the irregular ones 3 think about whether it looks or sounds like something you already know 4 make it fun; read a newspaper, listen to a podcast, make it more like a hobby Speaker 3 1 English 2 new words; pronunciation

3 write the meaning of the word; draw a picture 4 use every chance to speak the language; watch the news and look at the internet in English Speaker 4 1 Chinese 3 repeat new words over and over again 5 1b 2a 3a 4c 5c 7 Students’ own ideas. Possibilities: 1 Use a vocabulary notebook. Write words on slips of paper and display them around the house. Learn five new words a day. Draw pictures. Put the words on pieces of paper in your pocket and keep looking at them. 2 Read books or magazines. Listen to the radio or clips on the internet. Check out websites in the language you are learning. Listen to pop songs. Have pen pals who speak the language you are learning. UNIT 10 REVIEW 1 Answers 1 Have you ever seen the Eiffel Tower? 2 Have you ever taught a subject? 3 Have you ever learned (to play) the guitar 4 Have you ever ridden a motorbike? 5 Have you ever made a film? 2 a5 b4 c2 d1 e3 4 1 Have you ever visited 2 did you study 3 worked 4 did you do 5 Did you learn 6 ’ve spoken 5 1 biology 2 geography 3 literature 4 physics 5 history 6 chemistry 6 Students’ own ideas. Scientific discoveries in the twentieth century include antibiotics, relativity theory, human genome, quantum physics, lasers, animal cloning. 7 1 study 2 remember 3 forget 4 practise 5 learn 9 1 Is that A as in Amsterdam? 2 Was that thirteen or thirty? 3 Is the number 675 6475? 4 Is there anything else? 5 Have you sent the email? UNIT 11 Tourism Opener 1

Students’ own answers. The table could be there because desert people are having tea, or it could be there to make a good photo, or to feed a tour group, or as a piece of installation art. 2 The speaker met some Bedouin who lived in tents in the desert. They put the table outside and made tea. They drank tea together and watched the sun go down. 3 backpacking around the world 11a Planning a trip 1 1 Students’ own answers 2 Possible answers: get a passport and visa, buy a plane ticket, pack a suitcase or backpack, buy a sim card, buy new clothes, buy new sunglasses, change money, get a guide book, read about where you’re going 2 1 Visas 2 Money 3 Language 4 Weather 5 Road travel 3 2 and 5 followed the information (in the text it says: You can’t work in Australia without a work visa and Always use lots of sun cream and wear a hat). 4 1 visa 2 currency 3 multicultural 4 climate 5 temperature 6 right-hand side 7 licence 5 Students’ own answers 6 1 have to 2 can 3 don’t have to 4 can’t 5 infinitive Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p179 1 1 Do you have to go, I don’t 2 My son doesn’t have to go 3 does Irene have to be 4 Do people have to get, they do 5 I don’t have to cook 6 Does he have to switch off, he does 7 Julie doesn’t have to wake up 2 1 can’t leave 2 can’t speak 3 can park 4 can’t eat or drink 5 can take 6 can’t use 3 1 do, have to 2 don’t have to 3 can 4 Can 5 can’t 6 have to 7 don’t have to 7 1e 2f3 a 4b 5c 6d 8 1 have to 2 can’t 3 have to 4 don’t have to 5 can 6 can’t 7 don’t have to 8 have to 11b On holiday 1

1 return 2 single 3 carry-on 4 book 5 souvenirs 6 check in 7 sightseeing 8 rent 3 travel (v), traveller (n), travel (n), travel guide (n + n collocation) visit (v), visitor (n), visit (n), visitor centre (n + n collocation) drive (v), driver (n), drive (n), driving licence (n + n collocation) 4 It’s for independent travellers. 5 1 Thurlestone 2 Malaysia 3 The Arctic 6 Thurlestone: no / cold and it rains / rent a car (or train) Malaysia and the jungle: yes, in the jungle / hot / fly / hotel The Arctic: yes / cold (a bit warmer in summer) / cruise ship / cabin on the ship 8 1 infinitive 2 should + subject + infinitive

3 no

Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p179 4 1 c, shouldn’t 2 e, should 3 b, should 4 d, shouldn’t 5 a, should 5 1 Should 2 can’t 3 should 4 don’t have to 5 can 6 shouldn’t 7 have to 8 can 9 can’t 9 1 You should take a holiday. 2 You should wear sun cream. You shouldn’t go sightseeing. 3 You should learn some words. 4 You shouldn’t take the bus. 5 You shouldn’t buy your souvenirs here. 6 You should go sightseeing. 7 You should take a boat. 8 You shouldn’t go in the winter. 10 1 a break 2 a taxi 3 an umbrella 11 took a short break, take the train, take a coat, taking a tour, took a cruise ship 11c Should I go there? 1 Tourists go there to see the amazing landscape and see wild animals. They can see snow, ice, icebergs, penguins, whales, southern lights. 2 1d 2b 3a 4c

5e

3 1 He wants to do something exciting outdoors. 2 backpacking trips over the Andes, animal safaris in Africa, swimming with dolphins in Australia 3 other tourists – he doesn’t want to see them everywhere

5 1 For: Antarctica is huge and quiet; there’s no pollution or noisy traffic; it has lots of wildlife; cruise companies help the wildlife in the region 2 Against: a lot of tourists visit Antarctica now, the numbers of wild animals and birds are decreasing 6 1 No, he still isn’t sure what to do. 2 Students’ own answers 7a 1 any 2 some 3 no 7b 1 -body 2 -where 3 -thing 8 1 thing 2 where 3 body 4 thing 5 body 6 thing 9 1 anywhere 2 nowhere 3 something 4 somebody 5 nothing 11d A holiday in South America 1 Students’ own answers 2 1 a holiday brochure 2 Brazil, Argentina, Chile 3 a tour for two weeks, then two weeks of travelling on their own at the end 3 1 You should 2 interested in 3 How about 4 is that 5 the advantage 6 Maybe you’re 7 make a 8 good idea 4b /ʌ/ bus, but, love /ʊ/ could, should, book /uː/ cruise, you, food 5 Students’ own answers. Possible answers: 1 Gary could go hiking in the mountains, or on a bus tour, or on an adventure holiday with a tour guide to the mountains or rainforest. 2 Nigella could go on a backpacking holiday. She could travel round a region of the world, or, to save money, round her own country, staying in cheap accommodation. 3 Dorothy and Frank could go on a cruise, or on guided sightseeing tours to famous cities. 11e A questionnaire 3 1 to find out what people think and how they can improve 2 the rooms, gym and restaurant 3 Students’ own ideas. Possibilities: How were the internet facilities? Was the room noisy? Was the hotel good value for money? 4a

1O 2C 3C 4C 5O 6C 7C 8O 4c Yes, it uses a variety of questions. It asks for comments, suggestions, or a description (How …? Can you comment on …?). 11f A tour of London 1 People like living there because it’s very modern, it’s got an interesting mixture of old and modern, there’s lots of work there, there’s great nightlife and fantastic restaurants. Tourists visit to see the historic buildings, enjoy the museums and art galleries, try out the nightlife, especially the West End theatres, and practise speaking English. 2 1d 2c 3a 4e 5b 3 1a 2b 3f 4c 5e 6g 7d 4 1 grew up in London 2 longest 3 two thousand 4 in the middle 5 black 6 taller 7 top 8 eight 5 1b 2a 3c 4a 5a UNIT 11 REVIEW 1 1 don’t have to 2 can’t 3 can 4 have to 2 1 shouldn’t 2 should 3 shouldn’t 4 should 3 Possible answers: I have to work long hours, but I don’t have to get in early. I should eat in the canteen, but I often go to a restaurant. You shouldn’t go into the factory without a helmet. I can drink coffee at my desk, but I can’t eat my lunch there. 4 1 where 2 thing 3 body 5 1 currency 2 visa 3 right 4 licence 5 multicultural 6 1 camping, hiking, sightseeing 2 single, return 3 souvenirs 4 tourist, tour guide 7 Example answers 1 tourist, tourism, tour guide 2 a break, a taxi, an umbrella, the train, a coat, a tour, a cruise ship

3 something, somewhere, somebody 8 1b 2c 3d 4a UNIT 12 The Earth Opener 1 The main photo shows an Inuit man, his dogs and his sledge in the Arctic. The place is flat, dry, very cold and covered in white snow. The man is holding a large photo of a place in South Carolina. The place in the photo is green, wet and looks hot. There’s a lot of water and tall trees. 2 1 2,500 2 2,500 3 56 4 25 5 –10 12a Climate change 1 1 % – percentage, an amount out of 100 2 °C – degrees Celsius, temperature 3 km – kilometres, distance 4 l – litres, quantity of water (or liquid) 5 m2 – square metres, area 6 kg – kilograms, weight 2 1 °C 2 km 3 % 4 m2 5 kg, kg 6 l 3 1 length 2 deep 3 height 4 kilometres 5 percentage 6 weigh 4 Students’ own answers 5 Map 1 1 temperature change 2 30 years 3 different colours (red for increase, blue for decrease in temperature) Map 2 1 change in rainfall 2 30 years 3 different colours (brown for decrease, green for increase in rainfall) 6 1F 2T 3T 4T 5F 6T 8 1c 2b 3b Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p181 1 1 will 2 will 3 won’t 4 will 5 will 6 won’t 7 won’t 2

1 My parents will to arrive soon. 2 Correct 3 He wills be tired tomorrow morning because he went to bed late. 4 Correct 5 We don’t think our customers will buy the new product. 6 Will factories will produce less pollution in the future? 7 I won’t will have time to see you after my lesson. 8 He doesn’t think it will snow this winter. 3 1 will pass 2 Will, become 3 won’t remember 4 will find 5 Will, have 6 won’t use 9 will increase, will continue (x2), won’t stop 10 1 It will be hotter in my country in the future. 2 The rainfall in this country won’t increase in the future. 3 I don’t think the number of dry deserts will increase. 4 There will be longer summers. 5 The percentage of people living in cities will decrease. 6 Everyone will speak English. 7 People won’t use petrol in their cars. 8 I think I’ll move to a warmer country. 11 1 Will it be hotter in your country in the future? 2 Will the rainfall in this country increase in the future? 3 Do you think the number of dry deserts will increase? 4 Will there be longer summers? 5 Will the percentage of people living in cities decrease? 6 Will everyone speak English? 7 Will people use petrol in their cars? 8 Do you think you’ll move to a warmer country? 12a 1 will 2 ’ll 3 will 4 will 5 'll 6 ’ll 12b 1 will 2 'll 3 will 4 will 5 ’ll 6 ’ll 12b The unexplored Earth 1 Students’ own answers 4 1 Atlantic 2 Antarctica 3 east 4 mountains 5 South America 6 forest 7 36 8 14,000 9 6,135 10 500 11 8,100 12 dark 13 see 14 3.7 15 climbed 16 dangerous 17 maps 5 1 Black Hole of Andros (Lake Vostok is also water – but frozen) 2 Merume mountains, Mount Dinpernalason, Foja mountains 3 Students’ own answer

6 Areas of water: sea, lake, ocean, river Areas of land: desert, forest, island, mountain 7 Students’ own answers 8 1 the Bahamas, f 2 – Mount Kilimanjaro, d 3 the Pacific Ocean, h 4 – Africa, c 5 the River Nile, e 6 the Merume Mountains, a 7 – Peru, b 8 – Lake Titicaca, g Answers to Grammar summary exercises on p181 4 the: Czech Republic, Himalayas, Indian Ocean, Kalahari Desert, River Ganges no article: Beijing, Green Road, Lake Garda, Lake Victoria, San Francisco, South Korea 5 1– 2 the 3 the 4 the 5 – 6 The 7 – 6 Millions of tourists visit the Argentina every year because there is a lot to see and do there. Most tourists go to the Buenos Aires to enjoy the great beaches and swim in the Pacific Ocean. Tourists who want to go somewhere quieter can visit the Lake Buenos Aires, or the Patagonian Desert in Patagonia. It is found in the south of Argentina but a small part is also in the Chile. There, you won’t find many tourists, so it’s a good place to go if you want to think and be with nature! 9 1 the 2 – 3 the 4 – 5 – 6 the 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 The map shows the Mediterranean Sea, Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. You can see islands, lakes, mountains (the Atlas Mountains) and some cities. You can’t see North and South America, Australia or Japan. 12c Looking for a new Earth 1 Students’ own answers. Possible answers: We’ll definitely live on Mars because there is some gravity and a lot of minerals on the planet. We’ll never live at the bottom of the ocean because it’s too dangerous. 2 Students’ own answers 3 1c 2a 3d 4e 5b 4 1 c (line‑ 2) 2 a (line 3) 3 b (line 5) 4 d (line 9) 5 f (line 14) 6 e (line 17) 5 1 a star and then a planet that is a good distance from the star

2 water, air and rock 3 It’s near a star, scientists think it has water and rock, and temperatures are quite similar to temperatures on Earth at the poles. 4 It’s bigger, it has shorter years. 6 Statement b seems to be the closest answer: Gliese 581g is similar to Earth but it’s too far away for us to go there. Note that this is a discussion question, so there isn’t a hard and fast answer. 7 Possible answers: 1 In my opinion, we should think about things on Earth. / I think it’s important because we want to know about the universe. 2 I think it’s possible but not likely. 8 d 9 a How old b How long c How far/near d How e How many f How much 12d Earth day 1 1 They help the Earth – they clean parks, pick up rubbish or plant trees (and they also have fun). 2 April 22nd 1970 in the USA 3 They wanted to help the Earth and the environment. 2 1 a 2 a and b 3 b 4 a and b 5 a 3 1 Good morning, and thank you for coming. 2 My name’s Davi, and I’m from Brazil. 3 Today, I’d like to talk about an important day. 4 First of all, Earth Day began on April 22nd in 1970. 5 Nowadays, more than 175 countries have an Earth Day. 6 And finally, in my country lots of people picked up rubbish. 7 In conclusion, I really think Earth Day is important. 8 Thank you very much for listening. 12e Announcing an event 1 Students’ own answers 2 1 Newmarket Environmental and Conservation Group 2 Earth Day celebration 3 Newmarket Park 4 April 22 5– 6 free 7 plant trees, theatre, music, art, environmental presentations 8–

9 – (it doesn’t say why but one could infer that it is to celebrate and help protect the earth’s environment) 10 environmentally-friendly products 11 Yes – hot and cold food 12 on the website 3a The writer uses key words, e.g. nouns, verbs, numbers, times. The writer doesn’t use grammatical words which carry little meaning, e.g. prepositions, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, possessives, articles. 3b 1 There will be presentations about how to help the environment. 2 You can watch theatre, listen to music and look at art by local performers and artists. 3 Shops are going to be selling environmentally-friendly products. 4 You can also buy hot and cold food. 5 Entrance to the event is free. 6 Visit our website at NECG.org/earthday for more information. 12f Earth University 1 Students’ own answers 2 1e 2b 3c 4d

5a

3 1d 2e 3b 4c 5a 4 1 José 2 Agriculture 3 400 4 Latin America, Africa 5 six 6 eleven 7 to try out new ways of farming and to earn money 8 USA 9 business management 5 1b 2a 3a 4b 5b 6 Example Answers 1 One of my skills is woodwork. 2 Once, I sold a bike and I made a profit. 3 Students’ own answers UNIT 12 REVIEW 1 1 ’ll 2 won’t 3 Will 4 will/won’t 5 won’t/will 6 Will 7 will 2 1 The 2 – 3 The 4 The 5 – 6 The 7 – 8 The

4 1 km² (square kilometres) 2 °C (degrees celsius / centigrade) 3 kg (kilogrammes) 4 m (metres) 5 % (per cent) 5 1 big (163 km²) 2 warm (20°C) 3 tall (9.8 m) 4 many (3,790 people) 6 1 Sea 2 River 3 island 4 deserts 8 1 (the first) you 2 the 3 am (or ’m) 4 has 5 to 6 your 9 Possible questions (answers in brackets): 1 What is Louise Leakey’s job? (explorer) 2 Where do the wheels on a Mini car come from? (Italy and Germany) 3 How many people speak Mandarin Chinese? (1 billion) 4 What instrument do the Kitt twins play? (the harp) 5 How old is Borough Market in London? (1,000 years old) 6 Whose faces can you see on a Mexican 500-peso note? (Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera) 7 What’s the deepest place on Earth? (Mariana Trench) 8 Where do Polga tribesmen come from? (Papua New Guinea) 9 How many times did van Gogh paint sunflowers? (11) 10 Who has won the USA Memory Championship four times? (Nelson Dellis) 11 How many tourists visit Antarctica every year? (50,000) 12 When did Al-Idrisi design his map of the world? (12th century)