Wpa Report.docx

FACULTY OF APLIED SCIENCE DIPLOMA IN SCIENCE (AS120) LABORATORY MANAGEMENT FSG301

PREPARED FOR: MADAM WAN NONI AFIDA BINTI AB MANAN

PREPARED BY: UMI SYAHIDA BINTI ZAINI (2017425444)

Contents 1.0 ABSTRACT

1

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2

2.1 Work Activity

3

3.0 OBJECTIVES

4

4.0 METHODS

5

4.1 Task List Table

5

4.2 Likelihood of an occurrence

7

4.3 Severity of Hazard

7

4.4 Risk Assessment

8

4.5 Range of Risk

9

5.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

11

5.1 Documenting HIRARC Result

11

5.2 Prioritizing Hazard

15

5.3 Impact on the most critical hazard

16

6.0

5.3.1 Health Hazard

16

5.3.2 Safety Hazard

16

RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Control Measures

17 17

7.0 CONCLUSION

19

8.0 REFERENCES

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1.0 ABSTRACT

This report attempts to identify all hazards at a chosen laboratory that leads to risks and how safety and health measures could bring about beneficial results by containing or preventing these risks from bringing harm to the students, lab assistant, and lecturer. The laboratory identified in the assignment that could contribute to high risks and harm is the “Slipping Hazard” and “Chemical Spills” at a Chemistry Laboratory. The report sets out to identify the many forms of hazards at the laboratory and a few suitable techniques that were selected to tabulate the risks involved. The risk assessment process was used as the primary technique to access and evaluate the risks of the hazards identified. Among these, the most critical hazard was seen to be working at height for safety hazards and noise for health hazards. The control measures to eliminate or reduce this critical hazard are then recommended based on the findings, results, and reviews obtained with appropriate references.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

Physical Chemistry II Laboratory had been monitored by an Assistant Science Officer of the Faculty of Applied Science, Sir Nor Hafidzan bin Mahbob. This laboratory located at Blok Makmal, Level 2. The nature of the laboratory is for Applied Science Students evaluating their laboratory skills by doing experiments. The student from AS12O5C conducts HIRARC by performing the Qualitative Analysis of Cations: Ag+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ experiment. There are many activities done in the laboratory of physical chemistry II, but for this assignment, the laboratory environment, and work activities are discussed. The activities discussed in this report are transferring a lot of chemical solution from bottle reagent to the test tube, heating chemical solutions, stirring chemical solution in a glassware, separating precipitates and chemical solutions from the test tube, places the test tube in Centrifuges, disposing of waste solution, and cleaning up the equipment. The entire process and activities have various hazards. The hazards might appear at the earliest stage of the experiment or even affect after that. The hazard identified are chemical spills, heat burns, glassware used, and slipping falls.

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2.1 Work Activity a) Before the experiment starts, safety induction will brief to all the students by the lecturer and lab assistance. b) Students carried out a study to separate the silver from iron, copper, and nickel ions by using a centrifuge. The chemical involved is HCl. At the end of this test, clear liquid and precipitate formed. c) From the precipitate of the first study (AgCl), steps for confirmation of silver accomplished. The chemicals used in this step are NH3 and HCl. d) Clear liquid of the first test is used to separate iron and copper from nickel by centrifuge. In this experiment, the chemical used is NaOH, and another machine used is a hot water bath. As a result, transparent liquid and precipitate formed. e) The precipitates then used in step separation of iron from copper and confirmation of copper present in the solution. The chemicals used are H2SO4, NH3, CH3COOH, and K4[Fe(CN)]. This step also requires that the use of centrifuge were liquid and precipitates formed. f) After discarding the liquid, the precipitates then used for confirmation of iron, where H2SO4 and KSCN used. The precipitates of iron form. g) The clear solution from the previous trial where NaOH involved is used to determine unknown cation of the solution. In this test, all the steps above repeated, and all chemicals and machines used are involved. h) After the experiment, students cleaned up all the glassware and chemical used appropriately.

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3.0 OBJECTIVES

Several objectives will be fulfilled in this assignment, as follows: 1. Identification of signification safety and health risks posed at the laboratory. 2. Identification of laboratory safety and health risks and hazards. 3. Estimation of severity of the safety and health risks from each of the safety and health hazards. 4. Based on their risk rating, determine the likelihood and severity of each safety and health hazard by the use of the Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Table. 5. Discuss control measures to eliminate or reduce the risk of the most critical safety and health hazards. 6. Recommend post-analysis of the program to ensure continuity of effectively managing Safety and Health in the laboratory.

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4.0 METHODS 4.1 Task List Table

No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Task/ Work Activity

Transferring a lot of chemical solution from bottle reagent to the test tube

Heating chemical solutions

Stirring chemical solution in a glassware

Separating precipitates and chemical solutions from the test tube

Hazard

Corrosive Chemical spill

Which can cause/effect (Risk) Corrosive substances have a strong ability to dissolve flesh and cause severe burns to skin and eyes.

Heat pressure Flammable

Chemical spill

Gloves and eye protection used when handling corrosive substances.

Do not return any unused chemical Chemical will to the reagent leave irritating bottle. chemical burns.

Heat burn

Broken glassware

Existing Risk Control

Keeps a safe distance from any open flames or heating equipment.

When glassware is not being used, it should be stored in a secure location where there is no risk of Glassware can it falling and break and cut the shattering. skin. Broken glassware should always be disposed of in a fractured glass disposal container.

Spiked chemicals Skin irritation Leakage on former chemicals

Injury

Keeping the floor clear of spilled liquids.

Recommended Control Measures Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Substitution, Engineering Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 5

Slipping hazard

Proper loading of the centrifuge.

5.

Places test tube in Centrifuges

Braking mechanism if the lid opened

Unbalanced spin

Chemical spike

The volume of liquid in the test tubes should be approximately the same height, and the test tubes should be placed directly across from each other or in a triangular formation.

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Always close the lid before turning on the centrifuge, and keep the centrifuge closed while it is running.

6.

Disposing of waste solution

Chemical spill

Slipping hazard

7.

Cleaning up the equipment

Handling of equipment Workspace around a sink is usually limited

Skin irritation

Water can come out forcefully and splashback into your face or knock the glassware out of your hands.

Dispose of the waste correctly and promptly and according to the instructions provided in the lab manual. Always wear chemical splash goggles while washing dishes, and wear gloves.

Keeping the floor Piling up dirty or clear of spilled cleaned water. glassware can lead to breakage.

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Table 1 6

4.2 Likelihood of an occurrence LIKELIHOOD (L)

EXAMPLE RATING The most likely result of the hazard/event 5 being realized.

Most likely

It has a good chance of occurring and is Possible

4 not unusual.

Conceivable

Might occur sometimes in the future.

3

Has not been known to occur after many Remote

2 years. It is practically impossible and has never

Inconceivable

1 occurred. Table 2

4.3 Severity of Hazard Severity can be divided into five categories. Severity is based upon an increasing level of severity to an individual’s health, the environment, or property.

SEVERITY (S)

EXAMPLE Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property

Catastrophic

RATING 5

damage and productivity. Approximately one single fatality major Fatal

4 property damage if hazard is realized.

Serious

Non-fatal injury, permanent disability.

3

7

Minor

Disabling but not permanent injury.

2

Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type Negligible

1 injury.

Table 3 4.4 Risk Assessment Risk can be presented in a variety of ways to communicate the results of the analysis to make a decision on risk control. For risk analysis that uses likelihood and severity in the qualitative method, presenting the result in a risk matrix is a very effective way of communicating the distribution of the risk throughout a plant and area in a workplace.

Risk can be calculated using the following formula:

L x S = Relative Risk

L = Likelihood S = Severity

Severity (S) Likelihood (L)

1

2

3

4

5

5

5

10

15

20

25

4

4

8

12

16

20

3

3

6

9

12

15

2

2

4

6

8

10

1

1

2

3

4

5

8

Table 4 High Medium Low 4.5 Range of Risk The relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to effectively manage laboratory hazards. Table 5 determines priority based on the following ranges:

RISK

DESCRIPTION

ACTION A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in the

15 – 25

HIGH

hierarchy of control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form including date for completion. A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and

5 - 12

MEDIUM

applies temporary measure if required. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form including date for completion. A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable and further

1-4

LOW

reduction

may

not

be

necessary.

However, if the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control measures should be implemented and recorded.

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Table 5 Hazards assessed, as “High Risk” must have immediate actions, to resolve risk to life safety and or the environment. Individuals responsible for required action, including follow up must be clearly identified. A further detail risk assessment method may require such as quantitative risk assessment as means of determine suitable controls measures.

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5.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Documenting HIRARC Result Hazard Identification

No.

Work Activity Transferrin g a lot of chemical solution from bottle reagent to the test tube

1

Heating chemical solutions 2

2. Risk Analysis

3. Risk Control

Existing Which can Risk Risk Recommended Hazard cause/effect Likelihood Severity Control (if Value Control Measures (Risk) any) Corrosive Corrosive Gloves and Engineering substances eye Controls, a protection Administration Chemical have strong used when Controls, Personal spill ability to handling Protective dissolve corrosive Equipment (PPE) flesh and substances cause . severe 5 3 15 burns to Do not skin and return any eyes. unused chemical to Chemical the reagent will leave bottle. irritating chemical burns. Heat burn Heat Keeps a Engineering pressure safe Controls, distance Administration Flammabl from any Controls, Personal e 3 3 9 open Protective flames or Equipment (PPE) heating equipment.

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3

4

When glassware is not being used, it should be stored in a secure location where there is no risk of falling Glassware it Broken can break and glassware and cut the shattering. skin. Broken Stirring glassware chemical should solution in a always be glassware disposed of in a fractured glass disposal container. Dissolve Gloves and flesh and eye cause protection Chemical severe used when spill burns to handling skin and corrosive eyes. substances . Gloves and Spiked eye chemicals Skin protection irritation used when Leakage handling Separating on former corrosive precipitates chemicals substances and . . chemical solutions from the Keeping test tube the floor Slipping Bone injury clear of hazard spilled liquids.

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

3

5

5

4

3

3

3

4

9

15

15

16

Substitution, Engineering Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Substitution, Engineering Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Eliminating, Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

12

The volume of liquid in the test tubes should be approximately Braking Unbalanced the same mechanism spin Places test height, and if the lid 5 tube in the test tubes opened Centrifuges should be placed directly across from each other or in a triangular formation.

Chemical spike

Disposing 6 of waste solution

Chemical spill

Skin irritation

Skin irritation

Gloves and eye protection used when handling corrosive substances.

Dispose of the waste correctly and promptly and according to the instructions provided in the lab manual.

2

3

6

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Substitution, Engineering Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 5

5

3

3

15

15

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Water can come out forcefully and Slipping splashback hazard into your face or Handling of knock the Cleaning equipment glassware 7 up the out of your equipment Workspace hands. around a sink is Piling up usually dirty or limited cleaned glassware can lead to breakage.

Engineering Controls, Administration Controls, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Keeping the floor clear of spilled water. Always wear chemical splash goggles while washing dishes, and wear gloves.

Table

4

4

16

6

14

5.2 Prioritizing Hazard Prioritization of hazards was conducted by applying risk assessment method. Risk Assessment Matrix designed for each hazard at the workplace. Through this matrix, all hazards that were identified through the above methods were weighted by their risk elements through respective data and tables, their possible occurrences and risks involved. The combination of all components in each activity was able to provide a comprehensive tabulation as on Figure 7 below (from descending order):

Risk Analysis No.

Type of Hazard

Hazard Likelihood

1.

2.

Health Hazard

3.

4.

Severity

16

Slipping hazard

4

Broken glassware

3

Braking mechanism if the lid opened.

2

4 (HIGH)

9 3 (MEDIUM)

6 3 (MEDIUM) 15

Chemical spill

5

Heat burn

3

3 (HIGH) 9

Safety Hazard 5.

Risk Value

3 (MEDIUM)

Table 7

5.3 Impact on the most critical hazard 5.3.1 Health Hazard Risk = Probability X Severity (16) = 4 X 4 The effect on this hazard will cause severe injuries and sometimes causing death to the students, laboratories, and cleaner. Most of the experiment processes need to wash the equipment frequently. The chances or probability of getting involved in chances of slipping on the floor very tremendous and be valued as 4 (can happen often) and the severity was also high and valued as 4 (fatality).

5.3.2 Safety Hazard

Risk = Probability X Severity (15) = 5 X 3 Chemical spills are the most common hazard in the workplace. Most of the experiment processes involved with the chemical solution. The effect on this hazard is very severe. The damaging impact on the skin has a strong ability to dissolve flesh and cause severe burns to skin and eyes without the knowledge of the students. Most of the damage is serious.

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6.0 RECOMMENDATION 6.1 Control Measures Definition: Control is the elimination or inactivation of a hazard in a manner such that the hazard does not pose a risk to laboratories who has to enter into an area or work on equipment in the course of scheduled work.

Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls

Administrative Controls including Work Practices Personal Protective Equipment

Hierarchy of risk control The most critical hazard, either safety or health, must be controlled. The control measures of these hazards were done according to the means of a hierarchy of control.

The most critical of Health hazard in this report is Slipping Hazard. The recommended steps are: 1. Engineering Control: A suitable area for cleaning of laboratory equipment. 17

2. Administrative Control: Practice safe work practices. Improve cleanliness and cleanliness of the work area. 3. PPE: Use PPE properly as a glove, safety boot, and more.

The most critical of Safety Hazard in this report is Chemical Spills. The recommended steps are: 1. Substitution: Use less harmful substances. 2. Administrative Control: Practice a safe way of working. Exchange of work/work rules. Improve supervision and training. 3. PPE: Use PPE correctly like a glove, mask, and more.

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7.0 CONCLUSION Based on this report, we are aware of the dangers and their potentials and methods of control and recommendations. The benefits of controlling the hazard in the laboratory are:

a. To the University i. Will increase productivity. ii. Will give an excellent reputation to the University iii. Will reduce the number of accidents iv. Will follow all the laws and regulations b. Students i. will increase awareness and knowledge on the importance of practicing safety and health at the laboratory. ii. will reduce accidents to the students. iii. will produce an excellent experiment environment. iv. will ensure the safety and health of students is taking care of. v. will follow the required laws and regulations of the government.

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8.0 REFERENCES Report of Hazards at the Construction Site of NS Construction Sdn. Bhd. Retrieved from https://www.vbook.pub.com/document/413596315/kupdf-netwpa-sho-p4-pdf Guidelines for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC), Department of Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia, 2008. Retrieved from http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/legislation/guidelines/hirarc2?tmpl=component Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, 8TH EDITION BEST PRACTICES FOR FIRST- AND SECOND-YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, A Publication of the American Chemical Society Joint Board–Council Committee on Chemical Safety, 2007. Retrieved from https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/ch emicalsafety/publications/safety-in-academic-chemistry-laboratoriesstudents.pdf Ismail Md. Yusuf, Pembentangan Laporan Hazard Hazard Di Unit Dispersion (Solvent Base Plant) Kansai Coatings (M) Sdn Bhd, 24 Feb 2015. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/IsmailYusuf3/niosh-wpa-shopaper-4 Hayley Wan, Laboratory Rules, and Safety, Organic Chemistry Laboratory Website. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/organicchemistry-laboratory-website/home/laboratory-rules-and-safety Walter Ingles, 5 safety hazards found in the laboratory, Storemasta, 22 October 2019. Retrieved from https://blog.storemasta.com.au/5-safetyhazards-found-in-the-laboratory

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