2. Structural

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 1 2 3 4

5

6 7 8

It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying space frame. (NSCP 208.20) Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period less than or equal to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20) Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period greater than 0.60 sec. (NSCP 208.20) Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of not less than (NSCP 307.7.3) A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during the progress of work and _______ years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by the inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20) The minimum bend diameter for 10mm Ø through 25mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30) The minimum bend diameter for 28mm Ø through 36mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30) The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must be db but not less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)

Bearing wall system Rigid component Flexible component 200 mm

2 years

6 db 8 db 25mm

9

In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)

1.50 db

10

In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times wall or slab thickness nor farther than? (NSCP 407.7.5)

450 mm

11

Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as one unit shall be united to ___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP 407.7.6.1)

12

Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams: (NSCP 407.7.6.3)

36 mm

13

Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall terminate at different points with at least ____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)

40 db

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP 407.8.1) The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab: (NSCP 407.8.1) In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for flexure without axial loads: (NSCP 409.2.1) In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for shear and torsion: (NSCP 409.4.2.3) The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported at the ends only is: (NSCP 409.6.2) The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2) The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2) The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2) Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than: (NSCP 410.8.10) Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than: (NSCP 307.4.2) Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed member shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)

1/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

4

75 mm 20 mm 0.90' 0.85' L / 20 L / 24 L / 28 L / 10 0.40' 0.75' d/2

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

32 33 34

35

Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less than: (NSCP 412.3.1) Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1) Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements: Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure: In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of ________% of floor live load shall be applicable for storage and warehouse The slope ofoccupancies. cut surfaces (NSCP shall be208.5.1.1) no steeper than _______% slope. (NSCP 302.2.2) Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify in writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than _____days before such excavation is to be made. (NSCP 302.2.4) Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than ____% slope (NSCP 302.3.1) The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary line: (NSCP 302.4.3) The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3) In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured footings, the sand shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping in layers not more than _____mm in depth? (NSCP 305.7.3)

300 mm Braced Frame Diaphragm Moment resisting frame 25% 50%

10 days

50% 0.60m 6.00 m

200 mm

36

In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)

15 mpa

37

When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on soils, they shall be completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least _____mm on the bottom. (NSCP 305.8)

150 mm

38

Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon wood sills or steel plates placed directly upon the ground surface, provided soil pressure does not exceed ____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)

50 kpa

39

The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)

12 mm

40

The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)

16 mm

41

42 43 44 45

Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to seismic forces shall be interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be capable of resisting in tension or compression a minimum horizontal force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP 306.20) Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20) Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20) The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be _____times the average diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1) Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than ______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)

2/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

10%

1.50m 3,0 m 30 times 17.50 mpa

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57

Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than _____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1) The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to center. (NSCP 307.5.1) Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified compressive strength Fc of not less than ____Mpa. The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be? (NSCP 307.6.3) Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy? Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy? Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall to what type of occupancy? Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or substances fall to what type of category? The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only. (NSCP 107.2.2) The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load only. Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least _______times the lateral force. (NSCP 206.6) Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least ______times the overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)

20 mpa 75 mm 35 mpa 250 mm Essential facilities Miscellaneous occupancy Special occupancy Hazardous facility L / 360 L / 240 2 times 1. 5 times

58

As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane load, if powered monorail cranes are considered, the max. wheel load of the crane shall be increased by what percent to determine the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)

25%

59

The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically powered trolleys shall be calculated as ______% of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight of the hoist and trolley. (NSCP 206.9.4)

20%

60

The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes with hand geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the max. wheel load of the crane. (NSCP 206.9.5)

10%

61 62

This is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of frame members induced by vertical loads acting on laterally displaced building frame. A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is considered as __________.

P-delta effect Weak Storey

63

Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations, are classified as ___________.

Essential Facilities

64

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting system including the horizontal bracing system.

Diaphragm

65

This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building.

66

Constructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What type of admixture in concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the requirement of mixing water and produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very little vibration

67

The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved after the completion of the project for at least _________.

3/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Braced Frame

Plasticizer

2 years

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 68 69

70

71 72 73 74

75

76

77

What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel?

7850 Kg

A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed under high air pressure of lining tunnels. If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended function or to unsafe, it has reached its __________. A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a ductile material due to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great number of times. The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected position. It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly to eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point. It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting beyond a fixed support. 15. Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition locations are subject to change shall be designed to support in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed load equal to The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road slab caused by the presence of water. The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged loop or head of greater width than the body, with is proportioned to provide approximately equal strength both in the head and the body.

Shotcrete

Limit state

Metal Fatigue Buckling load Hinge Semi-continuous beam

1000 pa

Uplift pressure

Eyebar

78

A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the banks or bed of a river from the eroding effects of the flowing water.

79

A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded plateshose thicknesses are small compared to their other dimensions.

80

It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a building.

Overturning moment

81

It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a building.

Sway brace

82

This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads on a platform consisting usually of two layers of rolled steel joists, one on top of other, at right angles.

83

84 85 86 87 88

Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and ensure that it will not move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a pump is placed the liquid to the sewer pipe. It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges in alternate spans, functions essentially as a cantilever beam. An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a stationary point during an earthquake. The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when subjected to vibration such as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this layer. It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall over opening.

4/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Riprap

Thin shell

Grillage foundation

Soil Stabilization

Sump pit Gerber beam Seismometer Liquefaction Lintel beam

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

96 97 98

99

For any given granular material, the steepest angle with horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in normal condition that will not slide. An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____% open. (NSCP 207) Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean roof height less than or equal to? (NSCP 207.20) The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is equal to? (NSCP 207.50) The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal to? The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy structures is equal to? The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is equal to? Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M. falls on what exposure category for wind loading? (NSCP 207.5.3) Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than 9M. Falls on what exposure category for wind loading? Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at least 2 km falls on what exposure category for wind loading? Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single family dwelling or larger falls on what exposure category for wind loading?

Angle of repose 80% 18 m 1.15 1,15 1 0.87

Exposure A Exposure C Exposure D

Exposure B

100 Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?

250

101 Zone 2 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?

200

102 Zone 3 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?

125

In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual 103 strength test (average of 2 cylinders) falls below fc’ by more than _______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)

3.50 mpa

Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed 104 _______times the least width b of compression flange or face. (NSCP 410.5.10)

50 times

For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it shall be permitted to take the radius of gyration equal to 105 _______times the overall dimension of the direction of stability is being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20)

0.30

For members whose design is based on compressive force, the 106 slenderness ratio kL/r preferably should not exceed ________? (NSCP 502.8.1)

200

For members whose design is based on tensile force, the slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not exceed _________. For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area 108 of the pinhole for pin connected members is _________. Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress 109 shall not exceed _______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1) For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the 110 pinhole parallel to the axis of the member shall not be less than _______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 504.4.2.1) 107

5/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

300 0.45 fy 0.60 fy 2/3.

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to provide for relative movement between connected parts while under 111 full load, the diameter of the pinhole shall not be more than ______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP 504.4.2.3)

0.80mm

The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent 112 welds correctly two rolled shapes in contact for a built up section shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.4)

600 mm.

The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.80) The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not 114 exceed ________. 113

For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members 115 with compact sections where the flanges continuously connected to web the allowable bending stress is _________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1) For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non 116 compact section requirements of section 502.6, the allowable bending stress is ________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1) Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be 117 spaced not more than ______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)

140 mm 200 mm .66 fy

.60 fy 300 mm

Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the transformed composite section shall be used in calculating the 118 concrete flexural compressed stress and for construction without temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength.

75%

119

Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral concrete covering. (NSCP 509.5.8)

25 mm

120

The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.

6 d of connector

121

The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.

8 d of connector

Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag 122 bars and girts, shall be designed to support not less than ________Kn of force. (NSCP 510.10.61) The connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop the force due to the design load, but no less than _______% at the effective strength of the member unless a 123 smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers other factors including handling, shipping and erection. (NSCP 510.2.5.1) When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the 124 spacing of stud shear connector along the length of the supporting beam or girder shall not exceed _______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2) 125

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater than 20mm is ________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2) The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over 127 12mm to 20mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2) 126

6/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

26.70 kn

50%

900 mm

8mm 3mm 6mm

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER A property of a material that enables it to undergo plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the elastic limit and before rupturing._____________is a 128 desirable property of structural material since plastic material since plastic behavior is an indicator of reserve strength and can serve as a visual warning of impending failure.

ductility

In structural design ________________is considered as wide shallow rectangular beam. The reinforcing 129 steel is usually spaced uniformly over its width. The flexural reinforcement of a one way slab extends in one direction only.

one way slab

It is an external shear force at a cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending. Equal to 130 the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of the section.

transverse shear

The structural term which critical point at which a column carrying its critical buckling load, may either 131 buckle or remain undeflected. The column is therefore in the state of neutral equilibrium.

bifurcation

In concrete protection for reinforcement ___________mm is the standard minimum thickness 132 for concrete covering not exposed to weather or in contact with ground, such as slabs walls and joists.

20mm

An instrument for measuring minute deformation in 133 a test specimen caused by tension, compression, bending or twisting. It is also called EXTENSOMETER. For structural properties of A36 steel the maximum 134 allowable stress (Fb) for bending is. It is a part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to develop greater moment resistance. 135 The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping its length in response to the moment and shear values which typically vary along its longitudinal axis.

stain gauge 24 ksi

haunch

Program Evaluation Review TechniqueCritical Path Method

136 What is the meaning of PERT-CPM?

They maybe categorized as building or non building. 137 It is an assembleage designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces. It is a vertical pipe, often sheet metal, used to 138 conduct water from a roof drain or gutter to the ground. It is another term for down spout, The area where water is pumped from within to permit free access to the area. A temporary watertight enclosure around an area of water or 139 water bearing soil, in which construction is to take place, bearing on a stable statum at or above the foundation level of new construction.

7/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

structure

rainwater leader

coffer dam

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 140

A membrane structure that is placed in tension and stabilized by the pressure of compresses air.

A steel beam fabricated by the dividing the web of a wide flange section with a lengthwise section zigzag 141 cut, then welding both halves together at the peaks, thus increasing its depth without increasing its weight. A structure of cables suspended and pre-stressed 142 between compression members to directly support applied loads. One pair of vertical angles fastened to each side of web plate to solidify it against buckling. Integral part of a beam that forms a flat, rigid 144 connection between two broader, parallel parts, as the flanges of the structural shape. 143

145

A high tension bolt having splined and twists off when required torque has been reached.

The oscillating, reciprocating or other periodic 146 motion of an elastic body or medium when forced from a position or state of equilibrium. Is a horizontal structural member in a timber-framed wall. resist lateral loads from wind and support wall cladding materials. 148 A brace fitted into a frame work to resist force in the direction of its length. 147

net structure

castellated beam

suspension structure stiffener web tension control bolt

Vibration Girt Struts

Is a structural element which divides adjacent window units, may also vertically divide double doors, acts as a structural member, and it carries the dead load of the weight above the opening and the 149 wind load acting on the window unit back to the building structure. The term is also properly applied to very large and deep structural members in many curtain wall systems.

Mullion

Is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a defined part of a surface, typically 150 a region bounded by a closed curve.

Area

The stress at which material strain changes from elastic deformation to plastic 151 deformation, causing it to deform permanently. In engineering mechanics, (also known as flexure) characterizes the behavior of a 152 structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicular to the axis of the element.

Yield strength

Bending

Is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important 153 event. They are frequently used to improve the appearance of a city or location.

Monument

A loads are weights of material, equipment or components that are relatively constant 154 throughout the structure's life.

Dead Load

Are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural 155 design by determining the value of shear force and bending moment at a given point of an element. Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP 156 407.8.1)

8/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Shear and bending moment diagram 75mm

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 157

Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)

158 A wall (bearing or non-bearing) designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the wall In using a concrete backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured 159 footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3) 160 Standard concrete mix for beams, girders, slabs, stairs and columns is ( In engineering, buckling -is a failure mode characterized by a sudden failure of a structural member subjected to high compressive stresses, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less 161 than the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding. This mode of failure is also described as failure due to elastic instability. What is known as the deformation in which parallel planes slide relative to each other so 162 as to remain parallel?

Braced frame Shear

15 mpa Class "A"

Buckling

Shear

163 periodic reversal of stresses

fatigue

164 elongation of material subject to axial force

strain

165 deformation that accompanies bending of a beam 166 A column that is subjected to both direct axial stress and bending stress is known as? 167

concrete column whose load capacity must be reduced, according to code requirements, because of its slenderness

deflection eccentrically loaded long column

168 projected beyond it supports

cantilevered

169 state of a body in which the forces acting on it are equally balanced

equillibrium

170

What is known as an imaginary line in a beam, shaft, or other bending, where there is no tension nor compression and where no deformation takes place?

171 Unit stress in a bar just before it breaks is called? 172 bending magnitude wherever the shear passes through zero 173 the product of the force and lever arms which tends to twist the body – unit stress at which deformation increases without any increase in the load tendency of one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to 175 an adjacent part in the design of structures, the maximum unit stress permitted 176 under working loads by codes and specifications 174

neutral axis ultimate strength maximum moment Torque yield point vertical shear working stress

177 It is the tendency of a force to cause rotation about a given point or axis.

moment

178 state of rest or motion

inertia –

179

ratio of the force applied to a structure to the corresponding displacement

180

It is a method of concrete building construction in which floor (and roof) slabs are cast usually at ground level and then raised into position by jacking.

9/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

stiffness lift slab

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 181 – concrete floor system which has no beam

flatslab

1

It is a structural system without complete vertical local carrying space frame. (NSCP 208.20)

2

Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period less than or equal to 0.06 sec. (NSCP 208.20)

Rigid component

3

Is a component including its attachments having fundamental period greater than 0.60 sec. (NSCP 208.20)

Flexible Component

4

Concrete filled driven piles of uniform section shall have a nominal outside diameter of not less than (NSCP 307.7.3)

200 mm

5

A complete record of test of materials and of concrete shall be available for inspection during the progress of work and _______ years after completion of the project and shall be preserved by the inspecting engineer or architect for that purpose, (NSCP 403.20)

2 years

6

The minimum bend diameter for 10mm Ø through 25mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30)

6 db

7

The minimum bend diameter for 28mm Ø through 36mm Ø bars (NSCP 407.30)

8 db

8

In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members, clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)

1.50 db

9

In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, primary flexural reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart than 3 times wall or slab thickness nor farther than? (NSCP 407.7.5)

450 mm

10

Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact to act as one unit shall be united to ___ pieces in one bundle. (NSCP 407.7.6.1)

4 pcs

11

Bars larger than ___mm shall not be bundled in beams: (NSCP 407.7.6.3)

36mm

12

Individual bars within a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall terminate at different points with at least ____ stagger: (NSCP 407.7.6.4)

40 db

13

Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth: (NSCP 407.8.1)

75 mm

14

The minimum clear concrete covering for cast in place slab: (NSCP 407.8.1)

20 mm

15

In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for flexure without axial loads: (NSCP 409.2.1)

16 17 18

In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor Ø for shear and torsion: (NSCP 409.4.2.3) The minimum one way slab thickness which is simply supported at the ends only is: (NSCP 409.6.2) The minimum one way slab thickness for a ONE end continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)

10/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Bearing wall system

0.9

0.85 L / 20 L / 24

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 19

The minimum one way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is: (NSCP 409.6.2)

L / 28

20

The minimum cantilevered slab thickness is : (NSCP 409.6.2)

L / 10

21

Deep continuous flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than: (NSCP 410.8.10)

0.4

22

Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than: (NSCP 307.4.2)

0.75

23

Spacing of shear reinforcement placed perpendicular to axis of non-prestressed member shall not exceed: (NSCP 411.6.4.1)

d/2

24

Development length Ld for deformed bars in tension shall be less than: (NSCP 412.3.1)

300 mm

25

Is an essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type that is provided to resist lateral forces: (NCSP 208.1)

Braced Frame

26

Is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system activity to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements:

Diaphragm

27

Is a frame in which members and joints are capable of resisting forces primarily by flexure:

28

In the determination of seismic dead load with a minimum of ________% of floor live load shall be applicable for storage and warehouse occupancies. (NSCP 208.5.1.1)

25%

29

The slope of cut surfaces shall be no steeper than _______% slope. (NSCP 302.2.2)

50%

30

Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify in writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than _____days before such excavation is to be made. (NSCP 302.2.4)

31 32 33 34 35

Fill slopes shall not be constructed on natural slopes steeper than ____% slope (NSCP 302.3.1) The minimum distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary line: (NSCP 302.4.3) The max. distance that the toe of fill slope made to the site boundary: (NSCP 302.4.3) In using sand backfill in the annular space around column not embedded in poured footings, the sand shall be thoroughly compacted by tamping in layers not more than _____mm in depth?backfill (NSCPin305.7.3) In using a concrete the annular space around column not embedded in poured footings, the concrete shall have ultimate strength of ____Mpa at 28 days. (NSCP 305.7.3)

Moment Resisting Frame

10 days

50% .60 m 6 m. 200 mm 15 mpa

36

When grillage footings of structural steel shapes are used on soils, they shall be completely embedded in concrete. Concrete cover shall be at least _____mm on the bottom. (NSCP 305.8)

37

Temporary open air portable bleachers may be supported upon wood sills or steel plates placed directly upon the ground surface, provided soil pressure does not exceed ____Kpa. (NSCP 305.9)

50 kpa

38

The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 2 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)

12 mm

39

The minimum nominal diameter of steel bolts when wood plates or sill shall be bolted to foundation wall in zone 4 seismic area in the Philippines. (NSCP 305.60)

16 mm

11/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

150 mm

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

40

Individual pile caps and caissons of every structure subjected to seismic forces shall be interconnected by ties. Such ties shall be capable of resisting in tension or compression a minimum horizontal force equal to _____% of the largest column vertical load. (NSCP 306.20)

41

Such piles into firm ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)

1.50 m.

42

Such piles into soft ground may be considered fixed and laterally supported at _____M below the ground surface. (NSCP 306.20)

3.0 m

43

The maximum length of cast in place piles/bored piles shall be _____times the average diameter of the pile. (NSCP 307.2.1

30 times

44

Cast in place/bored piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than ______Mpa. (NSCP 307.2.1)

17.50 mpa

45

Pre-cast concrete piles shall have a specific compressive strength Fc of not less than _____Mpa. (NSCP 304.7.1)

20 mpa

46

The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to center. (NSCP 307.5.1)

75 mm

47

Pre-cast pre-stressed concrete piles shall have a specified compressive strength Fc of not less than ____Mpa. (NSCP 307.5.1)

35 mpa

48

The minimum outside diameter of pipe piles when used must be? (NSCP 307.6.3)

250 mm

49

Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy?

Essential facilities

50

Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings fall to what type of occupancy?

Misc. Occupancy

51 52 53 54 55 56

Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity of 500 or more students fall to what type of occupancy? Buildings or structures therein housing and supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or substances fall to what type of category? The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only. (NSCP 107.2.2) The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load only. (NSCP 104.2.2) Retaining walls shall be designed to resist sliding by at least _______times the lateral force. (NSCP 206.6) Retaining walls shall be designed to resist overturning by at least ______times the overturning moment. (NSCP 206.6)

10%

Special Occupancy Hazardous Facility L / 360 L / 240 2 times 1.5 times

57

As per NSCP 2001 sect. 206.9.3 vertical impact force for crane load, if powered monorail cranes are considered, the max. wheel load of the crane shall be increased by what percent to determine the induced vertical impact? (NSCP 206.9.3)

25%

58

The lateral force on a crane runway beam with electrically powered trolleys shall be calculated as ______% of the sum of the rated capacity of the crane and the weight of the hoist and trolley. (NSCP 206.9.4)

20%

59

The longitudinal forces on crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes with hand geared bridges shall be calculated as _____% of the max. wheel load of the crane. (NSCP 206.9.5

10%

60

An open building is a structure having all walls at least _____% open. (NSCP 207)

80%

61

Low rise buildings is an enclosed or partially enclosed with mean roof height less than or equal to? (NSCP 207.20)

18 m

12/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 62

The wind load importance factor lw for essential facilities is equal to? (NSCP 207.50)

1.15

63

The wind load importance factor for hazardous facilities is equal to?

1.15

64

The wind load importance factor for standard occupancy structures is equal to?

65

The wind load importance factor for miscellaneous structures is equal to?

66

Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height greater than 21M. falls on what exposure category for wind loading? (NSCP 207.5.3)

Exposure A

67

Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights less than 9M. Falls on what exposure category for wind loading?

Exposure C

68

Flat unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at least 2 km falls on what exposure category for wind loading?

Exposure D

69

Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single family dwelling or larger falls on what exposure category for wind loading?

Exposure B

70

Zone 1 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?

250 kph

71

Zone 2 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?

200 kph

72

Zone 3 of the Philippine map has a wind velocity of ____Kph?

125 kph

73

In testing concrete laboratory cured specimens, no individual strength test (average of 2 cylinders) falls below fc’ by more than _______. (NSCP 405.7.3.3)

3.50 mpa

74

Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed _______times the least width b of compression flange or face. (NSCP 410.5.10)

50 times

75

For a rectangular reinforced concrete compression member, it shall be permitted to take the radius of gyration equal to _______times the overall dimension of the direction of stability is being considered. (NSCP 410.12.20

0.3

76

For members whose design is based on compressive force, the slenderness ratio kL/r preferably should not exceed ________?

200

77

For members whose design is based on tensile force, the slenderness ratio L/r preferably should not exceed _________.

300

78

For pin connected members, the allowable stress on the net area of the pinhole for pin connected members is _________. (NSCP 504.4.1.1)

.45 fy

79

Other than pin connected members, the allowable tensile stress shall not exceed _______ on the gross area. (NSCP 504.2.1)

0.60 fy

80

For pin connected plates, the minimum net area beyond the pinhole parallel to the axis of the member shall not be less than _______of the net area across the pinhole. (NSCP 504.4.2.1)

13/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

1 0.87

2/3

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

81

For pin connected members in which the pin is expected to provide for relative movement between connected parts while under full load, the diameter of the pinhole shall not be more than ______mm greater than the diameter of the pin. (NSCP 504.4.2.3)

0.80mm

82

The maximum longitudinal spacing of bolts, nuts and intermittent welds correctly two rolled shapes in contact for a built up section shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.4)

600 mm

83

The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in single system shall not exceed ________. (NSCP 505.5.80)

140 mm

84

The ratio L/r for lacing bars arranged in double system shall not exceed ________.

200 mm

85

For members bent about their strong or weak axes, members with compact sections where the flanges continuously connected to web the allowable bending stress is _________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)

.66 fy

86

For box type and tabular textural members that meet the non compact section requirements of section 502.6, the allowable bending stress is ________. (NSCP 506.4.1.1)

.60 fy

87

Bolts and rivets connecting stiffness to the girder web shall be spaced not more than ______mm on centers. (NSCP 507.5.3)

88

Ira composite beam section, the actual section modulus of the transformed composite section shall be used in calculating the concrete flexural compressed stress and for construction without temporary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading applied after the concrete has reached _____% of its required strength

75%

89

Shear connectors shall have at least ________mm of lateral concrete covering. (NSCP 509.5.8)

25 mm

90

The minimum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________.

6 dia. Of connector

91

The maximum center to center spacing of stud connectors along the longitudinal axis of supporting composite beam is ____________. (NSCP 509.5.8)

8 dia. Of connector

92

Connections carrying calculated stresses, except for lacing, sag bars and girts, shall be designed to support not less than ________Kn of force. (NSCP 510.10.61)

26.7

93

The connections at ends of tension or compression members in trusses shall develop the force due to the design load, but no less than _______% at the effective strength of the member unless a smaller percentage is justified by engineering analysis that considers other factors including handling, shipping and erection. (NSCP 510.2.5.1)

50

94

When formed steel decking is a part of the composite beam, the spacing of stud shear connector along the length of the supporting beam or girder shall not exceed _______mm. (NSCP 509.6.1.2)

900

95

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness greater than 20mm is ________. (NSCP 510.3.3.2)

14/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

300 mm

8 mm

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 96

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness 6mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)

3 mm

97

The minimum sizes of filler weld for plates with thickness over 12mm to 20mm is ________? (NSCP 510.3.3.2)

6 mm

98

ž his is a secondary effect in shears and especially moments of frame members induced T by vertical loads acting on laterally displaced building frame.

99

A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is considered as __________.

100

ž ospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency postH earthquake operations, are classified as ___________.

101

ž horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical A resisting system including the horizontal bracing system.

102 This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building. ž onstructing a high- rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What C type of admixture in concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the 103 requirement of mixing water and produce a flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very little vibration

104

The records of test material and of concrete must be preserved after the completion of the project for at least

105 žW hat is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel?

106

P- Delta Effect

Weak Storey

Essential facilities

Diaphragm

Braced Frame

Plasticizer

2 years

7850 kg.

A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed under high air pressure of lining tunnels

If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended 107 function or to unsafe, it has reached its __________. A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a ductile material due to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great 108 number of times. ??? act parallel to each other (offset to each other, a distance “d” apart), of the same 109 magnitude but ??? The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected position. It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly to 111 eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point. 110

It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting 112 beyond a fixed support.

15/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Shotcrete

Limit State

Metal Fatigue

Couple Buckling Load Hinge

Semi-Continous Beam

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition locations are subject to 113 change shall be designed to support in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed load equal to

1000 pa

The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road slab 114 caused by the presence of water.

Uplift Pressure

The particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged loop or head of greater width than the body, with is proportioned to provide 115 approximately equal strength both in the head and the body. A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the 116 banks or bed of a river from the eroding effects of the flowing water. A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded 117 plateshose thicknesses are small compared to their other dimensions. It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a building. It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a 119 building 118

This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads on a platform consisting 120 usually of two layers of rolled steel joists, one on top of other, at right angles. Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and 121 ensure that it will not move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a 122 pump is placed the liquid to the sewer pipe. 123

An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a stationary point during an earthquake

The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when subjected 124 to vibration such as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this layer.

Eyebar

Riparap

Thin Shell Overturning Moment Sway Brace

Grillage Foundation

Soil Stabilization

Sump Pit Seismometer

Liquefaction

125

It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall over opening.

126

For any given granular material, the steepest angle with horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in normal condition that will not slide

127

It is a long, straight beam which by the inspection if two hinges in alternate spans, functions essentially as a cantilever beam.

Gerber Beam

128

1. One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolved by analysis, having a unitary character and exhibiting a unique behavior under an applied load.

Structural member

A major spatial division, usually one of a series, marked or partitioned off by the principal vertical supports of a structure. Of a pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load-carrying mechanism 130 that acts in one direction only. 129

Any condition, as fracturing, buckling, or plastic deformation, that renders a structural 131 assembly, element, or joint incapable of sustaining the load-carrying function for which it was designed. 132

A point, surface, or mass that supports weight, esp. the area of contact between a bearing member, as a beam or truss, and a column, wall, or other underlying support.

16/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Lintel Beam Angle of Repose

Bay One way Structural failure

Bearing

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 133 A structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole. 134 The load on a structural element or member collected from its tributary area. A means for binding a structural member to another or to its foundation, often to resist uplifting and horizontal forces. A slender rod driven through holes in adjacent parts to keep the parts together or to 136 permit them to move in one plane relative to each other. 135

137

A structural support that allows rotation but resist translation in a direction perpendicular into or away from its face.

138 A wall of treated timber, masonry or concrete for holding in place a mass of earth. 139 A wall supporting no load other than its own weight. 140

A finish or protective cap or course to an exterior wall, usually sloped or curved to shed water.

141 A foundation wall that encloses a usable area under the building. 142 Any wall within a building, entirely surrounded by exterior wall. 143 A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening.

144

A retaining wall of reinforce concrete or reinforce concrete masonry, cantilevered from and securely tied to a spread footing that is shaped to resist overturning and sliding.

145

A galvanize wire basket filled with stones and used in constructing an abutment or retaining structure.

146 Yard lumber 5” or more in the least dimension. 147

Softwood lumber intended for general building purpose, including boards, dimension lumber, and timber.

Primary Member Tributary Load Anchorage Pin Roller Support Retaining Wall Non bearing Wall Coping Basement Wall Interior Wall Lintel

Cantilever wall

Gabion Timbers Yard Lumber

148 A check that extends completely through a board or wood veneer.

Split

149 The presence of bark or absence of wood at a corner or along an edge of a piece.

Wane

A vertical laminated wood beam made by fastening together 2 or more smaller members 150 with bolts, lag screws, or spikes, equal in strength to the sum of the strengths of the individual pieces if none of the laminations are spliced. 151

A building material made of wood or other plant fibers compressed with a binder into rigid sheets.

152

A pitched truss having tension members extending from the foot of each top chord to an intermediate point of the opposite top chord.

Built up Beam

Fiber board

Scissors Truss

153 Yard lumber less than 2” thick and 2” or more wide.

Boards

154 A plate for uniting structural members meeting in a single plane.

Gusset

155

A structural frame based on the geometric rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear members subject only to axial tension or compression.

17/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Truss

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

156

A joint that physically separates two adjacent building masses so that free vibratory movement in each can occur independently of the other.

157

The ability of a structure, when disturbed from a condition of equilibrium by an applied load, to developed internal forces or moments that restore the original condition.

Stability

158

A cable anchorage that allows rotation but resists translation only in the direction of the cable.

Cable Support

159 Yard lumber from 2” – 4” thick and 2” or more wide. 160

The potential high-shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a reinforce slab.

161 A butt splice made by arc-welding the butted ends of two reinforcing bars.

162

Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension.

163 The integral system of members connecting the upper and lower chords of a truss.

164

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending, along which no bending stress occur.

The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviated from true course under 165 transverse loading, increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increasing in the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material. 166 The extent of space between two supports of a structure. 167 A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end.

Seismic Joint

Dimension Lumber Punching Shear Welded Splice

Stirrup

Web

Neutral axis

Deflection

Span Cantilever Beam

168

The buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction.

Lateral Buckling

169

A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present in a structure for given set of transverse loads and support conditions.

Moment Diagram

170

A beam resting on a simple supports at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance.

Simple Beam

A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as 171 it deflects under a transverse load: theoretically an internal hinge and therefore a point of zero moment. 172

A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection.

173 The center-to-center distance between the supports of a span. A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space supporting elements. An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a 175 building support or standing alone as a monument. 174

18/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Inflection Point Camber Effective Span Beam Pillar

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER The lowest division of a building or other construction, partly or wholly below the surface 176 of the ground, designed to support and anchor the superstructure and transmit its load directly to the earth.

Foundation

177

A long slender column of wood, steel, or reinforced concrete, driven or hammered vertically into the earth to form part of a foundation system.

Pile

178

The part of foundation bearing directly upon the supporting soil, set below the frostline and enlarged to distribute its load over a greater area.

179

A continuous or strip footing that changes levels in stages to accommodate a sloping site or bearing stratum.

Stepped Footing

180

A graphical representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in a structure for a given set of transverse load and support conditions

Shear Diagram

181

A thick, slablike footing or reinforced concrete supporting a number of columns or an entire building.

182

The actual pressure developed between a footing and the supporting soil mass, equal to the quotient of the magnitude of the forces transmitted and the area of contact.

Soil Pressure

183

The gradual reduction in the volume of a soil mass resulting from the application of a sustained load and an increase in compressive stress.

Consolidation

184

A reinforced concrete beam distributing the horizontal forces from an eccentrically load pile cap or spread footing to other pile caps or footings.

185

A foundation system that extends down through unsuitable soil to transfer building loads to a more appropriate bearing stratum well below the superstructure.

186

One of several piles or post for supporting a structure above the surface of land and water.

Footing

Mat

Tie Beam

Deep Foundation

Stilt

187 A load extending over the length or area of the supporting structural element.

Distributed Load

188 The forces exerted on a structure by an earthquake.

Earthquake Load

189 A load acting on a very small area or particular point of a supporting structural element. 190

A reinforced concrete slab or mat joining the heads of a cluster of piles to distribute the load from a column or grade beam equally among piles.

191 The moment of a force system that causes or tends to cause rotation.

Concentrated Load Pile Cap Torque

192

A load applied slowly to a structure until it reaches its peak value without fluctuating rapidly in magnitude or position.

Static Load

193

A wall occurring below the floor nearest grade designed to support and anchors the superstructure.

Foundation Wall

194 An applied force producing or tending to produce shear in a body. 195

The twisting of an elastic body about its longitudinal axis caused by two equal and opposite torques, producing shearing stresses in the body.

196

The maximum tensile, compressive, or shearing stress a material can be expected to bear without rupturing or fracturing.

19/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Shear Force Torsion

Ultimate Strength

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 197 Length required for 180 deg Hook.

4d

198 Curing temperature for concrete.

22.8 deg. C

199 Who decides if Footing on Piles is needed for a building?

Soil Mechanics

200 Minimum effective depth of pile cap?

300 mm

201 Minimum controudment of pile on pile cap?

100 mm

202 The following are how to determine the spacing of a tie bar of a column?

16d (rebar) , 48d (tiebar), least dim. Of a column

203 Minimum concrete cover of a column exposed in air / atmosphere.

40 mm

204 Minimum concrete cover of column pedestal exposed in underground soil.

70 mm

205 Length required for 90 deg hook.

12 d

206 ACI code: Minimum column dimension.

200 mm

207 Induce cracking at preselected location.

Control Joints

The stress beyond which a marked increase in strain occurs in a material without a concurrent increase in stress. A joint between 2 parts of a building or structure permitting thermal or moisture 209 expansion to occur without damage to either part. The breaking of a material resulting from the rupturing of its atomic bonds when stressed 210 beyond its ultimate strength. The act of shortening or state of being pushed together, resulting in a reduction in size or 211 volume of an elastic body. 208

212 Length required for 135 deg hook

Yield Point Expansion Joint Fracture Compression 6d

213 The deformation of a body under the action of an applied force.

Strain

214

Allow movement between slab and fixed parts of the building such as columns, walls, and machinery bases.

Isolation Joints

215

The resistance of a material to longitudinal stress, measure by the minimum amount of longitudinal stress required to rupture the material.

Tensile Strength

216

The axial stress that develops at the cross section of an elastic body to resist the collinear compressive forces tending to shorten it.

217

The property of a material that enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to the effects of sun, wind, moisture, and changes in temperature.

218

A joint between two successive placement of concrete, often keyed or doweled to provide lateral stability across the joint.

219 The elongation of a unit length of material produced by a tensile stress. 220

An internal force tangential to the surface on which it acts, developed by a body in response to a shear force.

221 A high-strength steel strand or bar for prestressing concrete. 222

A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement.

20/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Compressive Stress

Weatherability

Construction Joint Tensile Strain Shearing Force Tendons Composite Column

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 223

Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.

Top Bar

224

The depth of a concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.

Effective Depth

225

A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain.

226

Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved recording accelerographs

227 Maintenance and service of accelorographs shall be provided by the

Under reinforced Section 14 Owner Occupant of the Building

228

Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading

229

The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of intermittent application of the same load

230

Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be reduced

231

Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are subjected

232

Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied. Perpendicular to said wall

1/240 wall span

233

Maximum deflection of flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied perpendicular to said wall

1/120 wall span

234 Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit 235

The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure of the level at which the structure as a dynamic vibrator is supported

236

A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system

237

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements it includes horizontal bracing system

238 The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure 239 An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm 240

An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or accentric type which is provided to resist lateral forces

241 A essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads

Load Duration 14 sq.m. 1.50m

60 m2 Base

Collector

Diaphragm Base Shear Boundary Element Brace Frame Building Frame System

242

A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear Walls or Braced Frame

Dual System

243

The form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a point away from the column girder joint

Eccentric Brace Frame

244 The entire assemblage at the Intersection of the members

21/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Joints

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam 245 -the major horizontal supporting member of the floor system An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load, which collects and transfers 246 diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements of distributes loads within the diaphragm. Such members may take axial tension or compression

247

The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam

248 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post earthquake operations 249 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces 250

Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behavior

251 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below

Girder

Diaphragm Strut

Diaphragm Chord Essential facilities Lateral Force Resisting system Ord. Moment Resisting Space Frame Story Drift

The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation limits prescribed in this document

Strength

253 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system

Platform

252

254 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm 255

An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces

A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system 256 provides support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames 257

A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames

Horizontal Bracing System Structure

Bearing wall system

Building Frame System

A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for Moment resisting Frame 258 gravity loads. Moments resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily system by flexural action of members. 259 Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that the story above

Weak Storey

An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is subjected to a ground motion time history. The structures time dependant dynamic 260 response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of motions.

Time History analysis

261

The effect on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration

Orthogonal Effect

262

The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the vertical loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame

263

Material other than water aggregate or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties

22/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

p-Delta effect

Admixture

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 264 Concrete that doesn’t not conform to definition of reinforced concrete 265

Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension of less than three (3 m)

Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below proportional limit of material 266 -in the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for ___

267

In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into prestressing tendons

268 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section

269

Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects of dead load and superimposed loads

270

Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section

271 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile 272 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate

plain concrete Pedestal

Modulus of Elasticity

Jacking Force

Embedment Length

Effective Prestress

Development Length

Curvature Friction Structural Lightweight concrete

273 Prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting

Bonded Tendon

274 ASTM A36

Structural Steel

275 True or False, bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams 276

Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary reinforcement

277

In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio transverse strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain

278 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration

TRUE 40 mm Poisson Ratio

Slenderness Ratio

279 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line

Torsion

280 A type of concrete floor which has no beam

Flat Slab

281 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part 282 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force 283

The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain without failure

It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to stress 284 -Intensity of force per unit area

285

The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress

23/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Shear Deformation Yielding Stress Stress

Allowable Stress

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 286 Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement 287 The measure of stiffness of a material

Stiffness Ratio

288 The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes hole through it 289 The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it 290 Nominal thickness of a timber 291

The sum of forces in the orthogonal directions and the sum of all moments about any points are zero

293 Wood board should have a thickness specification 294 The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight A high-speed rotary shaping hand power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving on solid wood

296 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake and ___

It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all

299 The other kind of handsaw other than rip cut saw 300 The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks 301

An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements between them

302 The total of all tread widths in a stair

Equillibrium

2 years

not less than 1"x4" Run Portable Hand Router Knots

Live Load Cross cut Saw Effective Length Contraction Joint Total Run

303 The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces 304 A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter 305

Deflection

Smooth & Planed Lumber

297 Dressed lumber is referred to ___ 298

Punching Shear

6 inches

The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be 292 preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of construction and after completion of the project for a period of not less than ___

295

Stirrup / Tie

A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists horizontal shear between elements

306 The force per unit area of cross section which tend to produce shear 307 The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strain

Bond Stress Purlin Shear Connector Shear Stress Hooks Law

308

Minimum spacing of bolts in timber connection measured from center of bolts parallel for parallel to grain loading is equal to ___

4 x dia. Of bolt

309

According to the provision of the NSCP on timber connection and fastening the loaded edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least

4 x dia. Of bolt

310

NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2

24/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

2.5 times

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 311

Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance with NSCP specifications

312 Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___ 313

Nails and spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than __

314

Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications shall not exceed

315 Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the 316 Notches in the top and bottom of joist shall not exceed 317 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area 318 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area 319 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area

12 mm 50 11 dia.

1/6 depth of member middle third span 1/4 depth .60 of specified yield strength .50 of specified min. tensile strength 0.45 fy

320

Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in resisting shear

0.40 fy

321

For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall be

100%

322 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___

200

323 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___

240

324

Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete exposed to earth or weather

Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete not exposed to earth or weather Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10 C and 326 in moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement 325

40 mm 20 mm 7 days

327

If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___ days before test and shall be tested dry.

7 dyas

328

Cutting for high early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10 C and in moist condition for at least the ___days after placement

3 days

329

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar) but not less than ___

25mm

330 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean 331 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller 332 Standard hooks for stirrups and thie hooks 20-25 mm bar

180 deg. Bend +4db extension but not less than 65 mm at the end of bar 90 deg. Bend + 6db extension at free end 90 deg. Bend + 12db extension at free end

333 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depth greater than 200 mm

.-12mm

334 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement

.+/- 50mm

25/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 335

Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall terminate at different points with a stagger of at least

40db

336

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less than ___ for strands

3db

337

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each of member shall to be less than ___ for wire

4db

338

Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently exposed earth or weather using bars larger than 36 mm

75 mm

339

Commonly designed as a beam which bears directly on the column footing

340 a surface discontinuity caused by roughening or scratching 341 342 343 344

a narrow strip of wood applied to cover a joint along the edges of two parallel boards in the same plane bulges in plaster finish coat resulting from applying finish coat over to damp a base coat concrete structures under construction, a space where concrete is not to be placed. an iron alloy usually including carbon and silicon which has high compressive strength but low tensile strength.

in a suspended acoustical ceiling, a groove cut into the edges of an acoustical tile to 345 receive splines or supporting members of the ceiling suspension system 346 347

a roofing tile which is the shape of an s when laid on its side a metaphoric rock made up of mostly calcite or dolomite

the process of producing metal shapes of a constant cross section by forcing the hot 348 metal through an orifice in a die by means of a pressure ram 349 350

a body acted upon by a balanced force system is in equilibrium is the action of one body upon another

states that the external effect of a force on a body acted upon is independent of the point 352 of application of the force but the same for all points along its line of action is an arrangement of any two or more forces that act on a body or on a group of related 353 bodies

355 356 357 358

Abrasion Batten Blistering Block out Cast iron Kerf Pantile Marble Extrusion Static Equilibrium Force

is a single force, a couple, or a force and a couple which acting alone produces the 351 same effect as the force system

354

Grade Beam

a sketch of a body showing the forces exerted by other bodies on the one being considered is acting parallel to member axis in uniform for homogenous sections

Resultant Priniples of Transmissibility Force System Free body diagram Load Stress

tends to elongate the body

Stress due to tension

tends to shorten the body

Stress due to compression

26/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER is an articulated structure composed of lines or bars assumed to be connected by frictionless pin at the joints and arranged so that an area enclosed within the boundaries 359 of the structure is subdivided by the bars into geometric figures which are usually triangles.

Truss

are usually horizontal or nearly horizontal elements carrying a stress primarily due to 360 shear and flexure, they usually carry load directly from the floor.

Beam & Girders

is a structure in which the reaction components and internal stress cannot be solved 361 completely using the equation of static equilibrium

Detrminate structure

a system of framing a building on which floor joists of each storey rest on the top plates 362 of the storey below and the bearing walls and partitions rest on the subfloor of each step a pressure exerted against the underground portion of a building created by the 363 presence of water in the soil. 364

a steel bolt usually fixed in building structures with its thread portion projecting

a narrow piece of lumber nailed to the side of a beam along its bottom edge which 365 carries joist flush with the upper edge of the beam a flexible blanket type thermal insulation commonly used between studs or joists in frame 366 construction a system of framing a building in which the studs are continuous to the roof supporting 367 the second floor joists 368 369

the boxing in or covering a joist, beam or girder to give the appearance of a larger beam allowable sag (NSCP)

372 373 374 375 376 377

joints employed to reduce restraint by accommodating movement of masonry walls a process where a piece of metal is heated prior to changing its shape or dimension a commercially pure iron of fibrous nature, valued for its corrosion resistance and ductility carries the roof load between trusses or rafters usually a sloping beam carrying the reactions of purlins carries the masonry across the opening made by a door or window a closely spaced beam supporting the floor of a building

378 similar to a joist, it carries the flooring of a bridge 379 380

Hydrostatic Pressure Anchor Bolt Ledger Strip

Batt insulation

Balloon Framing Beam Blocking 100 mm

that part of a building foundation which forms the permanent retaining wall of the 370 structure below grade 371

Western Framing

large sized beams usually carrying the floor beams spans between columns and supports the floor and curtain walls

circular beam that transmits power to the machinery 381 it also carries torsion in addition to shear and flexure

27/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Foundation Wall Control Joints Forging Wrought Iron Purlin Rafter Lintel Joist Stringer Girder Spandrel Shaft

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 382

large roughly molded sun-dried bricks of varying sizes

is a mixture of sand and gravel held together in a rock-like mass with a paste of cement 383 and water. is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcement provides the 384 tensile strength lacking in concrete 385 386 387 388

height is less than three times the least dimension strength of column is significantly reduced due to slenderness failure is initiated by material failure a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame

the method of stiffening floor construction by fitting solid blocks between joists

a shallow crack at closely spaced by irregular intervals on the surface of mortar or 391 concrete 392 393 394 395 396

the stressing of un-bonded tendons after the concrete has cured a ready means of determining the consistency of freshly mixed concrete the permanent reformation of a material under a sustained load a principal member of a truss which extends from one end to the other primarily to resist bending a composition of two or more metals fused together usually to obtain a desired property

the horizontal distance from the face of a lock latch to the center of the knob or lock cylinder a joint formed by overlapping the edges of metal sheet or plated and joining them by 398 riveting, soldering and brizing. the tendency for one part of the beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part 399 397

400

any material change in shape when subjected to the action of a force

the maximum value of tension, compression or shear respectively which the material can sustain without failure a permanent roofed structure attached to and supported by the building and projecting 402 over public property is an extension or increase on floor area or height of a building structure 403 401

404 405 406 407

Concrete Reinforced Concrete Pedestal or short compression blocks long or slender column Short column

a structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing supports for 389 gravity loads 390

Adobe

is a method of proportioning structural elements such that computed stresses produced in the elements by the allowable stress load combinations do not exceed specified allowable stressaddition (also called stress is any change, to or working modification in design) construction or occupancy is any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy a building erected prior to the adoption of NSCP, or one for which a legal building permit has been issued

28/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Bearing wall system Building Frame System Bridging Checking Post tensioning Slump Test Creep Chord alloy Backset Lap seam Shear Deformation Working Stress Marquee Addition Allowable Stress Design Alteration Building Existing Building

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER is a method of proportioning structural elements using load and resistance factors such that no applicable limit state is reached when the structure is subjected to all appropriate 408 load combinations the term used in the design of steel and wood structures is a method of proportioning structural elements such that the computed forces produced in the elements by the factored load combinations do not exceed the factored element 409 strength the term is used in the design of concrete and masonry structures is that which is built or constructed, an edifice or a building of any kind, or any piece of 410 work, artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner is a resigned civil engineer with a special qualification in the practice of structural engineering as recognized by the board of civil engineering of the professional regulation 411 commission is a structural unit, the integral parts of which have been built up or assembled prior to 412 incorporating in the building 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420

in-place solid rock is a relatively level step excavated into earth material on which fill is to be placed is earth material acquired from an off-site location for use in grading on-site is the densification of fill by mechanical means is any rock, natural soil or fill or any combination thereof is the wearing away of the ground surface as a result of the movement of wind, water or ice is the mechanical removal of earth material is a deposit of earth material placed by artificial means

is the grade prior to grading the elevation of the original ground surface before excavation or grading begins 422 also called natural grade final grade of the site that conforms to the approved plan the elevation of drives, walks, lawns, or other improved surfaces after completion of 423 construction or grading operations

425

the stage at which the grade approximately conforms to the approved plan is any excavating or filling or combination thereof

is an inclined ground surface the inclination of which is expressed as a ration of vertical distance to horizontal distance is a designed compacted fill placed in a trench excavated in earth material beneath the 427 toes of a proposed fill slope 426

428

Ultimate Strength Design

Structure

Structural Engineer

Prefab / precast assembly Bedrock

421 is the vertical location of the ground surface

424

LFRD (Load & Resistance Factor Design)

is naturally occurring deposits overlying bedrock

29/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Bench Borrow Compaction Earth Material Erosion Excavation Fill Grade

Existing grade

Finish Grade

Rough Grade Grading Slope Key Soil

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER is a relatively level step constructed in the face of a graded slope for drainage and 429 maintenance purposes is an assembly consisting of panels mounted on pedestals to provide an under-floor space for the installation of mechanical, electrical, communications or similar systems or 430 to serve as an air supply or return air plenum is a building or portion of a building for the gathering together of fifty or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, education, instruction, worship, entertainment, 431 amusement, drinking or dining or awaiting transportation 432

is a shelter supported entirely from the exterior wall of the building

is an exterior floor system projecting from a structure and supported by that structure 433 with no additional independent supports consist of the weight of all materials and fixed equipment incorporated into the building or other structure is an exterior floor system supported on at least two opposing sides by an adjoining 435 structure and/or posts, piers, or other independent supports 434

are buildings and other structures that are intended to remain operational in the event of 436 extreme environmental loading from wind or earthquakes is a building or portion thereof in which motor vehicle containing flammable or 437 combustible liquids or gas in its tank is stored, repaired or kept is a building or portion of a building, not more than 90sq.m in area, in which only motor 438 vehicles used by the tenants of the building or building on the premises are kept and stored is a condition in which a structure or component is judged either to be no longer useful 439 for its intended function or to be unsafe a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be no longer useful for its 440 intended function is a condition in which a structure or component is judged to be unsafe 441 loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building or other structure and do not include dead load, construction load, or environmental load such as wind load, snow 442 load, rain load, earthquake load or flood load forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and 443 their possessions, environmental effects, differential movements, and restrained dimensional changes is the highest part of a bridge pier, on which the bridge bearings or rollers are seated. It 444 may be of stone, brick or plain or reinforced concrete, usually the last for heavy loads.

445

a wood, steel, or pre-cast concrete beam directly supporting a floor. Usually wooden joist.

load which may be removed or replaced on a structure, not necessarily a dynamic load 446 excluding wind and earthquake loads. Live loads are moving loads or movable loads.

30/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Terrace

Access floor system

Assembly Building

Awning Exterior Balcony Dead Loads Deck

Essential facilities

Garage

Private Garage Limit state Serviceaility Limit State Strength Limit State

Live Load

Loads

Bridge Cap

Joist

Liveloads

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER a large beam, originally of wood or iron, now usually of steel or concrete, though light 447 alloys have occasionally been used. Apart from the bowstring girder its chords are parallel.

Girder

total bending effect at any section of a beam is called the bending moment. It is equal to thealgebraic sum of all the moments to the right of the section (or to the left of the 448 section, whichamounts to the same thing) and is called M for short. Every bending moment can be expressed as aforce times a distance called the arm. units are poundinches, ton-inches, kg-m, N-m, tonne-m, etc.

Bending moment

gravel, sand, slag, crushed rock or similar inert materials which form a large part of concretes,asphalts or roads including macadam.

Aggregates

in concrete or mortar, a substance other than aggregate, cement or water added in small quantity,normally less than 5% of the weight of the cement, to alter the properties of the mix or the hardenedsolid. Some 80% of the concrete made in North America, Australia, Japan and most of Europecontains an admixture, and more than half contains airentraining agent. Other admixtures are 450 accelerators, bonding admixtures, super plasticizers, water reducers, retarders, antifreeze,corrosion inhibitors, pore fillers and thickening agents. Shrinkage preventers, coloring (pigments),damp-proofing, expanding, fungicidal, gas-forming, grouting and flocculating agents also exist. Forconcretes with high cement needed to such an extent that the admixture pays for itself without harmto the physical properties. But this saving probably never occurs with very lean concretes.

Admixture

an admixture which hastens the hardening rate and/or initial setting time of concrete. Calciumchloride (CaCI2) was widely used, but because it can corrode embedded steel it is now banned inthe UK except in unreinforced concrete. Chloride-free accelerators that 451 are safe with steel are based on inorganic chemicals including formats, nitrates and thiocyanates. Sodium carbonate (washing soda) can be used to make a flash set for quick repairs but It weakens the concrete.

Accelerator

an admixture which slows up the setting rate of concrete, sometimes applied to formwork 452 so thatwhen it is stripped the cement paste which has been in contact with it can be removed by light brushing.

Retarder

449

453 making a hole in rock blasting, using a rotative or percussive drill. 454

piece of steel plate, usually roughly rectangular or triangular, w/c connects the members of a truss.

When a heavily loaded column punches a hole through a base, the base is said to fail by punching shear. Punching shear is prevented by thickening the base or enlarging the 455 foot of the column so that the shear stress (assumed uniform) round the perimeter of the column does not exceed twice the allowable shear stress in concrete.

456

for any material the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) to the strain (deformation per unit length).

457

the stress at which noticeable, suddenly increased deformation occurs under slowly increasing load

31/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Boring Gusset Plate

Punching Shear

Modulus of Elasticity

Yield Point

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER the stress beyond which further load causes permanent set. In most materials the elastic 458 limit is also the limit of proportionality. 459

the water content at the lower limit of the plastic state of a clay. It is the minimum water content at which a soil can be rolled into a thread of 3 mm diameter without crumbling.

Elastic Limit

Plastic Limit

the elastic movement of loaded parts of a structure. The word often refers to the sinking 460 of the midspan of a beam which in British housing generally is not allowed to exceed 1/325 of the span.

Deflection

the load acting across a bean near its support. For a uniformly distributed load or for any 461 other symmetrical load, the maximum shear is equal to half the total load on a simply supported beam, or to the total load on a cantilever beam.

Shear

462

the force on a member divided by the area which carries the force, formerly expressed in psi, now in N/mm2, MPa, etc.

Stress

463

a change in length caused usually by a force applied to a piece, the change being expressed as a ratio, the increase or decrease divided by the original length.

Strain

464 a core wall.

Shear Wall

test for the stiffness of wet concrete. A conical mold is filled with concrete, well rammed, and then carefully inverted and emptied over a flat plate. The amount by which the concrete cone drops below the top of the mold is measured and is called the slump. This 465 test is valuable only when the aggregates are used all the time and in the same proportions. It then gives a rough idea if the water content of the mix. This otherwise most useful test cannot be applied to stiff concretes with slump of less than about 20 mm.

Slump Test

a structural member designed to resist loads which bend it. The bending effect at any 466 point in a beam is found by calculating the bending moment. Beams are usually of wood, steel, light alloy, or reinforced or pre-stressed concrete.

Beam

467 a post carrying compressive force.

Column

the bending moment at the support of a beam required to fix it in such a way that it cannot rotate, so that it has a fixed end.

Fixed End Moment

in concrete work, a break in a structure made to allow for the drying and temperature shrinkages (of concrete or masonry) thus to prevent cracks forming at undesirable 469 places. Since all materials containing cement' shrink appreciably on drying, contraction joints are needed in every long structure.

Contraction Joint

468

470 a pre-stressing bar, cable, rope, strand or wire. 471 the US term for ground beam

Tendon Grade Beam

32/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

concrete members are pre-cast, in a works, with the tensioned wires embedded in them. The wires are anchored either against the molds or against permanent abutments in the ground. After hardening, the concrete is released from the mold and the wires are cut at the anchorage. This method may give a larger loss of pre-stress than with posttensioning but is usually economical for small members and may produce better 472 concrete since it is always factory controlled. In long-line pre-stressing, used for the precasting of pre-tensioned floor slabs or beams, the casting bed may be as much as 180 m long; enabling units may be 1.2 m, and their thickness 15, 20 or 25 em. They usually have tubular voids running down the length and occupying about 30% of the crosssection.

Pre-tensioning

concrete beams, columns, lintels, piles, and parts of walls and floors which are cast and partlymatured on the site or in a factory before being lifted into their position in a 473 structure. Where many of the same unit are required, pre-casting may be more economical than casting in place, may give a better surface finish, reduce shrinkage of the concrete on the site, and make stronger concrete.

Pre cast Concrete

either a geophone, used in seismic prospecting, or a device for detecting earthquake 474 shocks. An early seismometer made in Japan about AD 136 consisted of balls dropping from a dragon's mouth into a frog's to show the direction of the shock.

Seismometer

the waste glass-like product from a metallurgical furnace. which flows off above the metal.

Slag

475

476 ACI term for grip length.

Embedment Length

477 the weight of a structure and any permanent loads fixed on it. 478

gradually increasing permanent deformation of a material under stress, well known in metals as hightemperature creep.

479 the effective height of a column divided by its radius of gyration,

Dead Loads Creep Slenderness Ratio

480

the strain energy stored in an elastic material per unit of volume.Steel can store 0.027 kgm/cm3, rubber about 0.54 kg-m/cm3.

Resillience

481

the ability of a metal to undergo cold plastic deformation without breaking, particularly by pulling in cold drawing.

Ductility

482 the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain in a material.

Modulus of Rigidity

the breaking stress of a cast-iron, wooden or mass concrete rectangular beam, 483 calculated onthe assumptions that the tensile strains in the beam are equal distances from the neutral axis.

Modulus of rupture

484 A link around the main steel in a concrete column, beam or pile. 485 a pile (usually driven not bored) at an angle to the vertical. a widening of any structure at the foot to improve its stability, in breakwaters, earth or 486 other dams, or simple walls. 487 the vertical plate joining the flanges of any beam or rail, of whatever material.

33/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Tie Batter Pile Footing Web

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 488 a weld of roughly triangular cross-section between two pieces at right angles.

Fillet Weld

489 a relatively fixed point whose level is known and used as a datum for leveling.

Bench Mark

490 a flat roof or a quay, jetty or bridge floor, generally a floor with no roof over.

Deck

491 a long column, usually of wood or metal, not necessarily vertical.

Strut

for elastic materials strained by a force in one direction, there will be a corresponding 492 strain in all directions perpendicular to this, equal to p times the strain in the direction of the force. The procedures and limitations for the design of structures shall be determined by the 493 following factors. 494

Minimum number of stories recommended to be provided with at least 3 approved recording accelerographs.

495 Maintenance and service of accelerographs shall be provided by the___.

Poisson Ratio Zoning, site characteristics Occupancy, configuringstructural system, and height

14

Owner Occupant of the building

496

Who shall be responsible for keeping the actual live load below the allowable limits and shall be liable for any failure on the structure due to overloading.

497

The period of continuous application of a given load or the aggregate of periods of intermittent application of the same load.

498

Minimum area in square meters a member supports which the design live load may be reduced.

14 sqm.

499

Minimum height of any wall requiring structural design to resist loads onto which they are subjected.

1.50 mts.

500

Maximum deflection of a brittle finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied perpendicular to said wall.

1/240 of wall span

501

Maximum deflection of a flexible finished wall subjected to a load of 250 Pascal applied perpendicular to said wall.

1/120 of wall span

502 Maximum floor area for a low-cost housing unit.

503

The level at which the earthquake motions are considered to be imparted to the structure or the level at which the structure, as a dynamic vibrator, is supported.

504

A member or an element provided to transfer lateral forces from a portion of a structure to vertical elements of the lateral force resisting system.

505

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting elements, it includes horizontal bracing system.

506 The total designed lateral force or shear at the base of a structure.

34/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Load duration

60 sqm.

Base

Collector

Diaphragm

Base Shear, V

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 507 An element at edge of opening or at perimeters of shear walls or diaphragm.

508

An essentially vertical truss system of the concentric or eccentric type which is provided to resist lateral forces.

509 An essentially complete space frame which provides supports for gravity loads.

Boundary Element

Braced Frame

Building Frame System

510

A combination of a Special or Intermediate Moment Resisting Space Frame and Shear Walls or Braced Frames.

Dual System

511

That form of braced frame where at least one end of each brace intersects a beam at a point away from the column girder joint.

Eccentric Braced Frame (EBF )

512 The entire assemblage at the intersection of the members.

513 The horizontal member in a frame system, a beam. An element of a diaphragm parallel to the applied load which collects and transfers 514 diaphragm shear to vertical resisting elements or distributes loads within the diaphragm. Such members may take axial tension or compression. 515

The boundary element of a diaphragm or a shear wall which is assumed to take axial stresses analogous to the flanges of a beam

516 Those structures which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake operations.

517 That part of the structural system assigned to resist lateral forces.

518 Moment resisting space frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile

519 The displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.

Joint

Girder

Diaphragm Strut

Diaphragm Chord

Essential facilities Lateral Force Resisting System Ordinary Moment Resisting Story Drift

The usable capacity of a structure or its members to resist loads within the deformation limits prescribed in this document.

Strength

521 The lower rigid portion of a structure having a vertical combination of structural system.

Platform

520

522 Horizontal truss system that serves the same function as a diaphragm.

523

An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces.

A structural system without complete vertical load carrying space frame. This system 524 provide support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.

35/40 STRUCTURAL REVIEWER

Horizontal Bracing System Structure

Bearing Wall System

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 525

A structural system with essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frames.

A structural system with an essentially complete space frame providing support for 526 gravity loads. Moment resisting space frames provide resistance to lateral load primarily by flexural action of members. 527 Is one in which the story strength is less than 80% of that of the story above. An elastic or inelastic dynamic analysis in which a mathematical model of the structure is 528 subjected to a ground motion time history. The structure's time-dependant dynamic response to these motion is obtained through numerical integration of its equations of motions. The effects on the structure due to earthquake motions acting in directions other than 529 parallel to the direction of resistance under consideration. 530

The secondary effect on shears and moments of frame members induced by the vertical loads acting on the laterally displaced building frame.

531

Material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.

532 Concrete that does not conform to definition of reinforced concrete.

Building Frame System Moment Resisting Frame System Weak Story

Time History Analysis

Orthogonal Effect

P-delta Effect

Admixture

Plain Concrete

533

Upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension of less than three.

Pedestal

534

Ratio of normal stress to corresponding strain for tensile or compressive stresses below proportional limit of material.

Modulus of Elasticity

535

In prestressed concrete, temporary force exerted by device that introduces tension into prestressing tendons.

Jacking Force

536 Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.

Embedment Length

537

Stress remaining in prestressing tendons after all losses have occurred, excluding effects of dead load and superimposed loads.

538

Length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.

Development Length

539 Friction resulting from bends or curves in the specified prestressing tendon profile.

Curvature Friction

540 Concrete containing lightweight aggregate.

Effective Prestress

Structural Lightweight Concrete

541 prestressing tendon that is bonded to concrete either directly or through grouting.

Bonded Tendon

542 ASTM A36

Structural Steel

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PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 543 High-Yield Strength Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding.

544 True or False, Bar larger than 32mm in diameter shall not be bundled in beams.

ASTM A514

TRUE

545

Minimum concrete cover for a Prestressed concrete for beams and columns for primary reinforcements.

40 mm

546

In a material under tension or compression, the absolute value of the ratio of transverse strain to the corresponding longitudinal strain.

Poisson's Ratio

547 In column, the ratio of its effective length to its least radius of gyration.

Slenderness Ratio

548 A quantity which measures the resistance of the mass to being revolved about a line.

Torsion

549 A type of concrete floor which has no beam.

Flat Slab

550 The tendency for one part of a beam to move vertically with respect to an adjacent part.

551 A change in shape of a material when subjected to the action of force.

552

The maximum value of tension, compression, or shear respectively the material sustain without failure.

553 It means that by which a body develops internal resistance to 'stress'.

554

The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without permanent deformation remaining upon the complete release of stress.

555 Intensity of force per unit area.

Shear

Deformation

Yielding Stress

Stress

Allowable Stress

Stress

556 Loop of reinforcing bar or wire enclosing longitudinal reinforcement.

557 The measure of stiffness of a material.

Tie / Stirrup

Stiffness Ratio

558 The failure in a base when a heavily loaded column strikes a hole through it.

559 The deformation of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it.

560 Nominal thickness of of a timber.

Punching Shear

Deflection

6 inches

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PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 561

The sum of forces in the othorgonal directions and the sum of all moments about any points are zero.

The complete records of tests conducted (slump, compression test, etc.) shall be 562 preserved and made available for inspection during the progress of completion of the project for a period of not less than. construction and after 563 Wood board should have a thickness specification of.

564 The distance from the first to the last riser of a stair flight.

565

A high-speed rotary shaping had power tool used to make smooth cutting and curving on solid wood.

Equilibrium

2 years

not less than 1"X4"

Run

Portable Hand router

566 The major horizontal supporting member of the floor system.

Girder

567 Wood defects are: heart shake, cup shake, star shake, and___.

Knots Smoothed or planed lumber

568 Dressed lumber is referred to ___.

569 The other kind of handsaw other than rip-cut saw.

570

It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all.

571 The distance between inflection points in the column when it breaks.

572 The amount of space measured in cubic units.

573 In the formula e=PL/AE, E stands for___.

574

Cross-cut saw

Live load

Effective length

Volume

Modulus of Elasticity

An expansion joint of adjacent parts of a structure to permit expected movements between them.

575 the total of all tread widths in a stair.

Contraction joint

Total run

576 The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces.

577 A structural member spanning from truss to truss or supporting a rafter.

578 Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss.

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Bond Stress

Purlin Size of Dead Load Defelection

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 579

A connector such as a welded strut, spiral bar, or short length of channel which resists horizontal shear between elements.

580 The force per unit area of cross section which tends to produce shear.

581 Size of camber for a 25 meters steel truss.

582 The law that relates the linear relationship between stresses and strains

Shear Connector Shear Stress / Shearing Stress Size of Dead Load Defelection Hook's Law

583

Minimum spacing of Bolts in timber connectionn measured from center of bolts parallel for parallel to grain loading is equal to ___.

4 X diameter of bolt

584

According to the provisions of the NSCP on timber connections and fastenings, the lodaed edge distance for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ___.

4 X diameter of bolt

585

NSCP specifies spacing between rows of bolts for perpendicular to grain loading shall be at least ___ times bolt diameter for L/d ratio of 2.

2.5

586

Minimum diameter of bolts to be used in timber connections and fastening in accordance with NSCP specifications.

12 mm

587 Simple solid timber columns have slenderness ratio not exceeding ___.

588

Nails or spikes for which the wire gauges or lengths not set forth in the NSCP specifications shall have a required penetration of not less than ___.

589

Notches in sawn lumber bending members in accordance with the NSCP specifications shall not exceed.

590 Notches in sawn lumber shall not be located in the ___.

591 Notches in the top and bottom of joists shall not exceed ___.

592 Allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area.

593 Allowable tensile stress of structural steel based on effective area.

594 Allowable stress for tension on pin connected members based on net area.

595

Allowable shear stress on structural steel on the cross sectional area effective in resisting shear.

596

For structures carrying live loads which induce impact, the assumed live load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for same, for supports of elevators the increase shall be.

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50

11 diameters

1/6 depth of member

Middle Third Span

1/4 the depth 0.60 of specified min. yield stress 0.50 of specified minimum tensile strength 0.45 Fy

0.40 Fy

100%

PREPARED BY: ALEXANDER SANANDRES STRUCTURAL REVIEWER 597 The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed ___.

200

598 The slenderness ratio main members in tension shall not exceed ___.

240

599

Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete exposed to earth or weather.

40 mm

600

Concrete cover for pipes, conduits, and fittings shall not be less than ___ for concrete not exposed to earth or weather.

20 mm

601

Curing of concrete (other than high-early strength) shall be maintained above 10°C and in moist condition for at least the first ___ days after placement.

7

602

If concrete in structure will dry under service conditions, cores shall be air-dried for ___ days before test and shall be tested dry.

7

603

Curing for high-early strength concrete shall be maintained above 10°C and in moist condition for at least the ___ days after palcement.

3

604

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in layer shall be db (diameter of bar) but not less than ___.

605 Standard hooks used in reinforced concrete beam shall mean.

606 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 16mm bar and smaller.

607 Standard hooks for stirrups and tie hooks 20-25mmbar.

25 mm 180° bend + 4db extension but not less than 65mm at free end of bar 90° bend + 6db extension at free end 90° bend + 12db extension at free end

608 Allowable tolerance on minimum concrete cover for depths greater than 200mm

–12 mm

609 Allowable tolerance for longitudinal location of bends and ends of reinforcement.

± 50 mm

610

Individual bars with a bundle terminated within the span of flexural members shall teminate at different points with a stagger of at least ___.

40db

611

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less than ___ for strands.

3db

612

Clear distance between pre-tensioning tendons at each end of member shall not be less than ___ for wire.

4db

613

Minimum concrete cover provided for reinforcement of cast in place against permanently exposed to earth or weather using bars larger than 36mm.

75 mm

614

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