Api 682 Overview

Overview of API 682 and ISO 21049 Michael Huebner Flowserve Seal Division 1

Review of API 682 First Edition • Created by industry leaders in rotating equipment • Designed to capture field experience • Defaults to proven solutions • Applies to the most common applications 2

Mission Statement from API 682 First Edition

“This standard is designed to default to the equipment types most commonly supplied that have a high probability of meeting the objective of a least three years of uninterrupted service while complying with emissions regulations.”

3

Second Edition • Success of First Edition • Applications outside of refineries • Application to non-API 610 • Advancement in sealing technology • Creation of an International standard 4

Third Edition • Review by ISO member countries • Few technical changes • Some editorial changes including minor reorganization • One new piping plan • Released as ISO 21049 and API 682 3rd Edition 5

Scope of Standard Comparison of First and Second Editions

First Edition

Second/Third Edition

Size

Seal sizes from 1.50” to 4.50” (30mm to 120mm)

Shaft diameters from 0.75” to 4.30” (20mm to 110mm)

Temperature

-40°F to 500°F (-40°C to 260°C)

-40°F to 750°F (-40°C to 400°C)

Pressure (absolute)

0 to 515 PSIA (0 to 34.5 bar)

0 to 615 PSIA (0 to 42 bar)

Fluids

Water, sour water, caustic, amines, some acids, most HCs

Water, sour water, caustic, amines, some acids, most HCs

Pumps

API-610, ISO 13709

ANSI/ASME B73.1 and B73.2, ISO 3069 Frame C, API-610, ISO 13709

6

Seal Types • Over the years, seal companies have released numerous designs and variations • No standardization in seal designs, materials, or dimensions • Challenge for API 682 Task Force was to create standard seal types defining seal design, materials, installation envelope, and operating windows 7

Type A Seal

• • • • • •

Rotating flexible element, multiple springs, O-ring secondaries Silicon Carbide versus premium grade blister resistant Carbon Fluoroelastomer O-rings (FKM) Alloy C276 springs (316 for single spring option) Type 316 SS sleeve, gland, and other metal parts Throttle bushing in gland

8

Type B Seal

• • • • • •

Rotating bellows, O-ring secondaries Silicon Carbide versus premium grade blister resistant Carbon Fluoroelastomer O-rings (FKM) Alloy C-276 bellows Type 316 SS sleeve, gland, and other metal parts Throttle bushing in gland

9

Type C Seal

• • • • • •

Stationary bellows, flexible graphite secondaries Silicon Carbide versus premium grade blister resistant Carbon Alloy 718 bellows Type 316 SS sleeve, gland, and other metal parts Premium carbon floating bushing in gland Bronze anti-coke device

10

Rotating vs Stationary • The default Type A and Type B seals have a rotating flexible element • A stationary flexible element is an alternate • The default Type C seal has a stationary flexible element • A rotating flexible element is an alternate • If surface speed at the faces exceeds 4500 ft/min (23 m/s), a stationary flexible element must be used 11

Seal Arrangements • The seal arrangement defines the number or seals, their orientation, and details about the seal’s operation • Designations • Contacting wet (CW) • Containment seals (CS) • Non-contacting dry-running • Contacting dry-running

• Non-contacting (NC) • Wet running seals • Dry-running dual seals

12

Contacting Wet Seal - CW • “Typical” mechanical seal • Mechanical seal designed to run on liquid fluid film • Does not intentionally create hydrodynamic forces • Requires vapor suppression to keep fluid in a liquid phase • Designed to run for a minimum of 25,000 hours 13

Containment Seal - CS • Designed as a dry running backup seal • Outer seal in a dual non-pressurized arrangement • May be either a non-contacting or contacting design • Operates on buffer gas or vaporized process fluid • Run for 25,000 hours at 10 PSI and at least 8 hours under process conditions 14

Non-Contacting Seal - NC • May be used as a primary seal or as a dual pressurized seal • Seal is designed to create hydrodynamic forces to separate the faces under all operating conditions • Designed to run for a minimum of 25,000 hours

15

16

Arrangement 1

• • • •

1CW-FX or 1CW-FL configuration Single mechanical seal May have a fixed or floating throttle bushing May have single point or distributed flush 17

Arrangement 2 Liquid Buffer Fluid

• 2CW-CW configuration • Dual non-pressurized seal with a liquid buffer fluid • Same as the First Edition Arrangement 2 seal 18

Arrangement 2 Vapor or No Buffer Fluid

• 2CW-CS configuration • Contacting wet seal with a dry running containment seal • Containment seal may be either contacting or non-contacting 19

Arrangement 2 Vapor or No Buffer Fluid

• 2NC-CS configuration • Inner seal is designed to be non-contacting and operate with liquid, vapor, or mixed phase process • Outer seal a containment seal 20

Arrangement 3 Liquid Barrier Fluid

• 3CW-FB configuration • Contacting wet seals oriented in a series (or face-to-back) orientation • Default Arrangement 3 liquid seal • Same as the First Edition Arrangement 3 seal

21

Arrangement 3 Liquid Barrier Fluid

• Alternate designs for Arrangement 3 liquid seals • 3CW-BB or 3CW-FF configurations • May be required for specific application or pump designs

22

Arrangement 3 Gas Barrier Fluid

• 3NC-BB configuration • Default Arrangement 3 gas seal • Non-contacting gas seals in a back-to-back orientation 23

Arrangement 3 Gas Barrier Fluid

• Alternate designs for Arrangement 3 gas seals • 3NC-FF or 3NC-FB configurations • May be required for specific application or pump designs

24

Categories • Different applications may require different levels of seal sophistication • Current practice of specifying “modified” API-682 seals • Size restrictions based on pump construction • Cost impact of seals

25

Categories Three categories • Category 1 – General duty services in chemical pumps • Category 2 – Heavy duty services; similar to API-610 7th edition seals • Category 3 – Heavy duty services; similar to API 682 First Edition seals

26

Comparison of Categories FEATURE

CATEGORY 1

CATEGORY 2

CATEGORY 3

Seal chamber size

ISO 3069 Type C, ANSI/ASME B73

ISO 13709/API 610 ISO 13709/API 610

Temperature range

-40°C to 260°C -40°F to 500°F

-40°C to 400°C -40°F to 750°F

-40°C to 400°C -40°F to 750°F

Pressure range absolute

22 bar 315 PSIA

42 bar 615 PSIA

42 bar 615 PSIA

Face materials

Carbon vs selfsintered SiC

Carbon vs reaction bonded SiC

Carbon vs reaction bonded SiC

Distributed flush requirements

When required or specified

When required or specified

Required

Gland plate metal to metal contact

Required

Required inside and outside bolt circle diameter

Required inside and outside bolt circle diameter

27

Comparison of Categories FEATURE

CATEGORY 1

CATEGORY 2

CATEGORY 3

Seal sleeve size increments

None

10mm increments

10mm increments

Throttle bushing requirements

Fixed carbon, floating carbon optional

Fixed non-sparking metal, floating carbon optional

Floating carbon

Pumping ring HQ curve required

No

If specified

Required

Scope of vendor qualification test

Test as Category 1 unless faces tested as Category 3

Test as Category 1 unless faces tested as Category 3

Test as Category 3 as entire seal assembly

Proposal document Minimal requirements

Minimal

Rigorous including qualification tests

Contract data requirements

Minimal

Rigorous

Minimal

28

Review of Key Concepts • The Standard has categorized three types of seals: Type A, B, and C • There are three basic arrangements: Arrangement 1, 2, and 3. • To address differing needs for features and documentation, there are three categories of seals: Category 1, 2, and 3. 29

Dimensions • Purchaser shall specify if the order is to be provided in SI or US Customary units • This includes data, drawings, hardware, fasteners, and other equipment 30

Design Requirements • Design requirements are divided into three areas • General – these requirements pertain to all API-682 seals • Category Specific – this section defines requirements that are specific to each seal category • Arrangement and Configuration Specific – these sections define requirements specific for each seal configuration 31

Design Requirements - General • API 682 First Edition states that the “… standard does not cover the design of the component parts of mechanical seals …” • This statement is followed by 16 pages of specifications that directly affect the design of seal components • The Second Edition follows this same path and contains even more specifications on seal design • These requirements attempt to capture design features that have proven to be successful in the field 32

Design Requirements - General

• All seals will be cartridge seals • Type A and B seals can be designed with stationary flexible elements • Type C seals can be designed with a rotating flexible element • All seals with seal face surface speeds greater than 4,500 ft/min (or 23 m/s) will have stationary flexible elements

33

Design Requirements - General • Seal must handle normal and transient axial motions • Minimum surface finish for O-rings • O-ring grooves sized for FFKM • For vacuum services, components that could be dislodged must be positively retained

• Minimum clearance between rotating and stationary components 3mm (with some exceptions) • Glands designed for MAWP of pump • Glands provided with holes (not slots) • Shoulder at least 3mm behind face in gland 34

Design Requirements - General • Seal designed for seal chamber perpendicularity of 0.0005 in./in. of bore • Vapor pressure margins must be maintained at 30% pressure margin or 20ºC (36ºF) temperature margin

• Seal chamber pressure must be at least .35 bar (5 PSI) • Floating throat bushings may be required • Gland and seal chamber connections must be permanently marked 35

Connections Configuration

Symbol

1CW-FX 1CW-FL

F FI FO D Q H C

Flush Flush In (Plan 23 only) Flush Out (Plan 23 only) Drain Quench Heating Cooling

0 180 0 180 90 -

Process Process Process Atmo Atmo Utility Utility

2CW-CW

F LBI LBO D Q

Flush (Inner Seal) Liquid Buffer Fluid In Liquid Buffer Fluid Out Drain (Outer Seal) Quench (Outer Seal)

0 180 0 180 90

Process Process Process Atmo Atmo

Note 3 Note 4 Note 5

Connection

Location

Type

Size Cat I

Size Cat II and III

Required

½ (Note 3) ½ (Note 3) ½ (Note 3 & 6) 3/8 (Note 5) 3/8 (Note 5) ½ (Note 3) ½ (Note 3)

½ ½ ½ 3/8 3/8 ½ ½

Required WS WS Required Required WS WS

½ (Note 3) ½ (Note 4) ½ (Note 4) 3/8 (Note 5) 3/8 (Note 5)

½ ½ ½ 3/8 3/8

Required Required Required WS WS

A 3/8 NPT connection may be used if ½NPT not possible due to space constraints. A ½ NPT required for shaft diameters 63.5 mm (2.5 inch) or smaller, ¾ NPT for larger sizes A ¼ NPT connection may be used if 3/8 NPT is not possible due to space constraints

36

Connections Configuration

Symbol

2CW-CS

F FI FO GBI CSV CSD D Q

Flush (Inner Seal) Flush In (Plan 23 only) Flush Out (Plan 23 only) Gas Buffer Fluid In Containment Seal Vent Containment Seal Drain Drain (Ourer Seal) Quench (Outer Seal)

0 180 0 90 0 180 180 90

Process Process Process Process Process Process Atmo Atmo

2NC-CS

GBI CSV CSD D Q

Gas Buffer Fluid In Containment Seal Vent Containment Seal Drain Drain (Outer Seal) Quench (Outer Seal)

90 0 180 180 90

Process Process Process Atmo Atmo

Note 3 Note 4 Note 5

Connection

Location

Type

Size Cat I

Size Cat II and III

Required

½ ½ (Note 3) ½ (Note 3 & 6) ¼ ½ ½ 3/8 (Note 5) 3/8 (Note 5)

½ ½ ½ ¼ ½ ½ 3/8 3/8

Required WS WS WS Required Required WS WS

¼ ½ ½ 3/8 (Note 5) 3/8 (Note 5)

¼ ½ ½ 3/8 3/8

WS Required Required WS WS

A 3/8 NPT connection may be used if ½NPT not possible due to space constraints. A ½ NPT required for shaft diameters 63.5 mm (2.5 inch) or smaller, ¾ NPT for larger sizes A ¼ NPT connection may be used if 3/8 NPT is not possible due to space constraints

37

Connections Configuration

Symbol

3CW-FB 3CW-FF 3CW-BB

F LBI LBO D Q

Flush (Seal Chamber) Liquid Barrier Fluid In Liquid Barrier Fluid Out Drain (Outer Seal) Quench (Outer Seal)

0 180 0 180 90

Process Barrier Barrier Atmo Atmo

3NC-FF 3NC-BB 3NC-FB

F GBI GBO D Q

Flush (Seal Chamber) Gas Buffer Fluid In Gas Buffer Fluid Out Drain (Outer Seal) Quench (Outer Seal)

0 0 180 180 90

Process Barrier Barrier Atmo Atmo

Note 3 Note 4 Note 5

Connection

Location

Type

Size Cat I

Size Cat II and III

Required

¼ ½ (Note 4) ½ (Note 4) 3/8 (Note 5) 3/8 (Note 5)

½ ½ (Note 4) ½ (Note 4) 3/8 3/8

WS Required Required WS WS

½ ¼ ½ 3/8 (Note 5) 3/8 (Note 5)

½ ¼ ½ 3/8 3/8

WS Required Required WS WS

A 3/8 NPT connection may be used if ½NPT not possible due to space constraints. A ½ NPT required for shaft diameters 63.5 mm (2.5 inch) or smaller, ¾ NPT for larger sizes A ¼ NPT connection may be used if 3/8 NPT is not possible due to space constraints

38

Design Requirements - General • Threaded connections shall be plugged • Connections and tubing shall be suitable for max hydrostatic test pressure • Drill throughs minimum 5mm (3/16”) diameter • Fixed and floating bushing clearances defined

Floating carbon throttle bushing diametrical clearances Sleeve Diameter mm

Sleeve Diameter inch

Max diametrical clearance mm

Max diametrical clearance inch

0 to 50

0 to 2.00

0,18

0.007

51 to 80

2.01 to 3.00

0,225

0.009

81 to 120

3.01 to 4.74

0,28

0.011

39

Design Requirements - General • Sleeves furnished by the seal OEM • Sleeve to shaft clearances defined by ISO 286-2 F7/h6 • Sleeves must have a shoulder to positively locate seal • Sleeve gasket Oring shall be located at the impeller end

• Sleeves thickness to be minimum of 2,5 mm (0.100 in) • Sleeve in areas of set screws defined Shaft Diameter mm

Sleeve Diameter inch

Minimum Sleeve Radial Thickness mm

Minimum Sleeve Radial Thickness Inch

< 57

< 2.25

2,5

0.100

57 to 80

2.25 to 3.25

3,8

0.150

> 80

> 3.25

5,1

0.200

40

Design Requirements - General • Sleeve OD and ID concentric within 25μm (0.001 in) • Sleeve piloted on both ends, relieved in the middle • Drive collar set screws not allowed in piloted area • Drive collar set screws sufficiently hard to embed shaft

• Use of nine or more set screws only with approval • Other drive devices (e.g. shrink disk or split ring drive collars) are allowed with approval • Single spring allowed on Type A seals if specified • Flexible elements shall not rely on lapped joints for sealing

41

Design Requirements - General Seal Faces

Category 1- Self Sintered SiC vs premium grade, blisterresistant carbon graphite Categories 2 and 3 – Reaction Bonded SiC vs premium grade, blister-resistant carbon graphite Hard Faces – SiC vs SiC

Seal Sleeves

AISI Type Type 316, EN 10088 Grade 1.4571

Springs

Multi-spring seals – Alloy C-276, Alloy C-4 Single spring seals – AISI Type 316

Secondary Sealing Components

Unless otherwise specified FKM (fluoroelastomer) If required FFKM (Perfluorelastomers) or flexible graphite

Metal Bellows

Type B seal – Alloy C-276 Type C seal – Alloy 718

Gland Plates

AISI Type Type 316, EN 10088 Grade 1.4571

Miscellaneous

AISI Type Type 316

42

Other Design Requirements • Category Specific • Category 1 • Category 2 • Category 3

• Arrangement Specific • Arrangement 1 • Arrangement 2 • Arrangement 3 43

Seal Chamber Interfaces • Almost all pump references have been removed from API-682 Second Edition • Interface requirements have remained since they greatly affect the performance of a mechanical seal

44

Seal Chamber Interfaces

Seal chamber face runout must be less than 0,5 m/mm (0.0005 in/in) of seal chamber bore 45

Seal Chamber Interfaces

Pilot diameter (either OD or ID) must be concentric to shaft with a TIR of not more than 0,125mm (0.005 in.) 46

Accessories • Accessories are components other than the seal that are required to create an acceptable sealing environment. This includes: • • • • • • • •

Auxiliary piping systems Cyclone separators Orifices Seal coolers Reservoirs Pumping rings Condensate collection reservoirs Gas supply panels 47

Auxiliary Piping Systems • The standard defines many requirements of piping systems for seal flushes (Group I), quench systems (Group II), and cooling water systems (Group III) • Tables define specific grades and classes for tubing, valves, fittings, fabricated joints, gaskets, and bolting • Differing requirements for each Group 48

Cyclone Separators • Cyclone separators should be the flow limiting device • Solids should have a density at least twice that of the fluid • On between bearing pumps, each seal shall have its own separator • Default material is austenitic stainless steel

49

Flow Control Orifices • Orifice tubing connectors and plate orifices are the default selection • Orifice nipples may be provided if specified • Minimum diameter is 3 mm (0.125 in) • Multiple orifices shall be separated by a minimum of 6 inches 50

Seal Flush Coolers • Seal flush on tube side of cooler • Both process and cooling water sides must be able to be completely vented and drained • Drain valve must be provided on water side

51

Seal Flush Coolers • Two sizes of coolers: • For shaft sizes over 60mm (2.5 inch) – 0.750 inch diameter tube with 0.095 inch wall thickness • For smaller shaft sizes – 0.500 inch diameter tube with 0.065 inch wall thickness 52

Buffer/Barrier Reservoirs • Reservoirs have specific requirements for features, connections, dimensions, volumes, and materials • For shaft diameters over 60 mm (2.50 in), volume of liquid shall be a mimumum of 20 l (5 gallons) • For smaller shaft diameters, volume of liquid shall be a minimum of 12 l (3 gallons) 53

Buffer/Barrier Reservoirs • 3 gallon reservoirs are constructed of 6 inch schedule 40 pipe. • 5 gallon reservoirs are constructed of 8 inch schedule 40 pipe • Cooling coils to be 0.500 inch tube with minimum 0.065 inch wall thickness • Both fixed and removable head designs are available 54

Condensate Collection Reservoir

• • • • •

Used to collect leakage on Plan 75 8 inch schedule 40 pipe, 12 l (3 gal) Carbon steel or same as pump metallurgy Level gauge, drain and vent connections Level switch and test connections optional

55

Barrier/Buffer Supply Panel • Seal OEM and purchaser to agree on requirements • Include at minimum an isolation valve, coalescing filter, pressure regulator, flow meter, low pressure switch, pressure gauge, and check valve. • High flow switch is optional 56

Instrumentation • Standard covers basic requirements for the following components: • Temperature indicating gauges • Thermowells • Pressure gauges • Switches • Pressure switches • Level switches

• • • • •

Flow switches Level indicators Flow indicators Relief valves Regulators 57

Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment • • • • • •

General inspection by vendor Inspection of seal components Qualification testing Hydrostatic testing of glands Air testing Pump manufacturer seal test 58

Qualification Testing • Easy for a standard to create a goal of 25,000 hours of service but difficult to prove it • Concern from users that seals should be tested under real world conditions • Testing is designed to provide the user with a level of confidence that the seals will perform as required by the standard 59

Qualification Testing • Testing will qualify a seal model so testing only needs to be done once for a specific seal • Not intended as testing for actual job seals • Two sizes need to be tested: a small size with a balance diameter between 50mm to 75mm (2.0 to 3.0 inches) and a large size with a balance diameter between 100mm to 127mm (4.0 to 5.0 inches)

60

Qualification Testing • Testing requirements are different between the seal categories • Category 3 seals must be tested in the same configuration as is being offered • Category 1 and 2 seals may be tested in the same configuration as is offered or it may be designed with seal faces that have been qualified in other testing • Allowance for seal face materials to be qualified as a mating pair to cut down on the number of tests required 61

Qualification Testing • End users identified typical refinery applications based on process fluids, temperatures and pressures • Selected five test fluids that are representative of these applications and that were acceptable for lab testing • Developed a set of steady state and cyclic conditions that would simulate actual field conditions 62

Test Fluids

63

Test Cycle for Liquid Seals

64

Water Test Parameters

65

Test Qualification Form

66

Containment Seal Testing • In the Second Edition, testing requirements were defined for containment seals • Testing would demonstrate performance under steady state conditions as well as simulated failure of the inner seal • Recorded data include leakage rate past containment seal 67

Test Cycle for Containment Seals

68

Dual Gas Seal Testing • Dual gas seal testing is designed to evaluate the seals on the process fluid with an inert barrier gas • Testing involves steady state testing as well as the cyclic testing precedures defined for liquid seals • Also involves simulated disruptions of the barrier gas supply 69

Test Cycle for Dual Gas Seals

70

Gas Seal and Containment Seal Test Qualification Form

71

Minimum Performance Requirements • First Edition had no acceptance criteria for qualification tests • Second Edition has criteria • At the end of the testing, the wear on the seal faces shall be less than 1% of the available wear • Single seals and containment seals must have less than 1000 PPM measurable emissions during propane tests or an average leakage rate less than 5.6 gr/hr during other tests 72

Hydrostatic Testing of Glands • First Edition required hydrostatic pressure testing of all pressure casing components which included the seal gland • Test pressure 1.5X MAWP of the pump casing but not less than 1,4 bar (20 PSI) • Second Edition exempts testing of seal glands manufactured from a single piece of wrought material 73

Air Testing of Assemblies • Every seal assembly shall be air tested by the seal OEM • Dual seals tests must have ability to test each sealing section independently • Seals tested at 1.8 bar (26 PSI) with a gas volume of a maximum of 28 l (1ft3) • Maximum pressure drop of 0,14 bar (2 PSI) over a five minute period • Seals tagged after successful completion 74

Overview of Annexes • Annexes comprise almost exactly half of the pages in API 682 Second Edition • Contain support material for the standard • Consists of both normative and informative sections • Normative annexes are enforceable parts of the standard • Informative annexes are for information only 75

Annexes (2nd Edition) • Annex A – Recommended seal selection procedure • Annex B – Heat generation and heat soak calculations • Annex C – Materials and material descriptions • Annex D – Standard flush plans and auxiliary hardware • Annex E – Inspector checklist

• Annex F – Mechanical seal data sheets • Annex G – Mechanical seal data requirement form • Annex H – Seal and pump vendor interface paragraphs • Annex I – Mechanical seal test qualification form • Annex J – Mechanical seal code 76

Seal Selection Procedure • Procedure was developed to capture selection methods that have proven successful in the field • Systematic method of selecting a seal type, arrangement, and piping plans for a number of common applications • Does not cover every service • Where alternate solutions are given, they are considered as technical equals 77

Fluid Types • Basic refinery fluids have been divided into three application groups: • Non-hydrocarbon – these fluids include water, sour water, caustic, amines, crystallizing fluids, and some acids • Non-flashing hydrocarbons – this covers hydrocarbons with a vapor pressure less than 1 bar (14.5 PSIA) • Flashing hydrocarbons – This group covers hydrocarbons with a vapor pressure greater than 1 bar (14.5 PSI) 78

Selection Flowchart • Each application group has its own path although all application groups share some common selection procedures • Selection charts for seal type and piping plans are unique for each fluid type

79

Identify Service • Identify application (fluid, temperature, pressure, speed, contaminants, etc.) • Classify fluid as non-hydrocarbon, non-flashing hydrocarbon, or flashing hydrocarbon • Determine if application is outside the range of the selection criteria • • • • • •

Over 260ºC (500ºF) or 21 bar (300 PSI) for Category 1 seals Over 400ºC (750ºF) or 41 bar (600 PSI) Category 2 and 3 seals Surface speeds above 23 m/s (4500 ft/min) Vapor pressures over 34 bar (493 PSIA) High concentration of solids Shafts larger than 110mm (4.3 inches) or smaller than 20mm (0.75 inches)

80

Select Seal Category • Selection based on features for each category • • • •

Intended pump design Pressure and temperature Required features Required documentation

• Purchaser will specify category to seal supplier 81

Select Seal Type • Each application group has its own sheet • Selection based on matrix • Output is seal type and required special features • Features required cover abrasives, caustics, amines, ammonia, and H2S

Water

Water

Water

Pumping Temp, ºF

< 180

<180

>180

Pressure, Category 1

<300

Pressure, Cat. 2 and 3

<300 PSI

300 to 600 PSI

<600 PSI

Standard seal type

A

A

A

Options when specified

B C

ES

ES

<300

Required special features Abrasive particles

Fluid circulating device Hardface to hardface

Hardface to hardface

Hardface to hardface

82

Select Seal Arrangement • Flowchart directs user through a series of Yes/No questions • Output is required seal arrangement • Questions include the following topics • Regulations • Consequences of leakage on environment, personal safety, regulations • Experience and operating practices

• Selection may be made by the user or seal OEM 83

Select Seal Flush Plan • Each application group has its own sheet • User begin the flow chart at the starting point for the selected seal arrangement • Output is the required piping plan(s) 84

Select Buffer/Barrier Fluid • Standard gives basic guidelines for selection of buffer and barrier fluids • Topics include: • • • •

Chemical and material compatibility Gas absorption on pressurized seals Recommended viscosity ranges Environmental and safety considerations 85

Tutorials • Along with the selection procedure, Annex A also includes extensive tutorials • Background of selection procedure • Guidelines for specific applications • Insights into the seal arrangement selection questions • Tutorials on piping plans 86

Piping Plans • The complete listing of piping plans is covered in Annex D • Continuation of piping plans from the First Edition • New piping plans introduced: • Moved over from API 610 • Variations of dual pressurized liquid plans • Plans for containment and dual gas seals 87

Plan 14

88

Plan 53A

89

Plan 53B

90

Plan 53C

91

Plan 65

92

Plan 71

93

Plan 72

94

Plan 74

95

Plan 75

96

Plan 76

97

Data Sheets • First Edition has a five-page seal data sheet along with a two-page pump data sheet • The Second Edition only requires the user to fill out a two-page data sheet • Categories 1 and 2 are grouped together and have a two-page data sheet • Category 3 has a separate two-page data sheet • Data sheets are available in both SI and US Customary units 98

Data Sheets • Hard copies may be reproduced from the standard • Excel spreadsheet copies are also available

99

Seal Code • • • •

Informative Different from 1st Edition Different from API 610 Four segment code • • • •

First segment – seal category (C1, C2, C3) Second segment – arrangement (A1, A2, A3) Third segment – seal type (A, B, C) Fourth segment – piping plan (e.g. 11) 100

Seal Code • C1A1B11 • • • •

Category 1 seal Arrangement 1 (single seal) Type B seal (bellows) Plan 11

• C3A3A53B • • • •

Category 3 seal Arrangement 3 (dual pressurized seal) Type A seal (pusher) Plan 53B (liquid barrier fluid pressurized by a bladder accumulator) 101

Questions?

102