Comparison Of 1973 And 1987 Constitution.pptx

COMPARISON OF 1973 AND 1987 CONSTITUTION

Preamble 1973 Constitution We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a government that shall embody our ideals, promote the general welfare, conserve and develop the patrimony of our Nation, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of democracy under a regime of justice, peace, liberty, and equality, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

1987 Constitution We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

SYNTHESIS: The goal of the 198 Constitution which is to build a just and humane society and acknowledge the blessings of independence in our country. This phrases are added to clearly differentiate the 1987 also called as Freedom Constitution from the 1973 or the Marcos regime Constitution that greatly affect and boost the desire of the people from freedom and to free ourselves from the fear of experiencing the martial law again.

ARTICLE I: National Territory 1973 Constitution Sec 1: The national territory compromises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all the other territories belonging to the Philippines by historic or legal title, including territorial sea, the air space, the subsoil, the sea-bed, the insular shelves, and the submarines areas over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, irrespective of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.

1987 Constitution The national territory compromises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all the other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domain, including its territorial sea, the sea bed, the subsoil, the insular shelves and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, irrespective of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.

SYNTHESIS: In the 1973 Constitution, it says that the Philippines has sovereignty or justification to all the territories belonging to the Philippines by historic or legal title, including the territorial sea, the air space, the sub-soil, the sea bed, the insular shelves and the submarine areas while in 1987 Constitution they remove the clause “belonging to the Philippines by historic or legal title”, in that case, it can be imply that in 1987 constitution we can lost our rights for the Spratly Islands.

ARTICLE II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:  Sec 6: The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.  Sec 7: The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right of self – determination.  Sec 8: The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursue a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.  Sec 11: The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

ARTICLE II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 15: The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them.  Sec 16: The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.  Sec 17: The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development.  Sec 19: The State shall develop self – reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.

ARTICLE II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 20: The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.  Sec 22: The State recognizes and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development.  Sec 23: The state shall encourage non – governmental, community – based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.  Sec 24: The state recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation – building.

ARTICLE II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 26: The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by the law.  Sec 27: The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measure against graft and corruption.  Sec 28: Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by the law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.

ARTICLE II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies SYNTHESIS: The 1973 Constitution composed of 10 sections while the 1987 Constitution composed of 28 sections. Section 6, Section 7, Section 8, Section 11, Section 15, Section 16, Section 17, Section 19, Section 20, Section 22, Section 23, Section 24, Section 26, Section 27 and Section 28 are the additional sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution. The Section 1, Section 2, Section 3, Section 4, Section 5, Section 6, Section 7, Section 8, Section 9 and Section 10 can still be seen in the 1987 Constitution only with minimal changes in the words used but still the thought is the same. There is also an instances that one section in 1973 is divided into two sections in 1987 Constitution, an example of this is the Section 9 in 1973 Constitution and the Section 14 and Section 18 in 1987 Constitution which is both about the protection to labor, promotion of full employment and equality in employment.

ARTICLE III: Bill of Rights Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 8:

The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.

 Sec 12:

(1)Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. (2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3)Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4)The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to the other rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

 Sec 18:

(1)No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.

ARTICLE III: Bill of Rights Below are the Sections that are included in 1973 but not in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 10: No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.

 Sec 12: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after the arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustified.

ARTICLE III: Bill of Rights SYNTHESIS: The Bill of Rights in 1973 Constitution is the fourth Article which composed of 23 sections while in the 1987 Constitution it is the third Article which composed of 22 sections. The Section 8, Section 12 and Section 18 paragraph 1 of 1987 Constitution are the three sections that are not included in the 1973 Constitution. It includes the right to form association, right of person under custodial investigation and the right for expressing his political beliefs and aspiration respectively. The latter is one of the rights that we don’t have during the Martial Law. On the other hand, there are two sections in 1973 that are not included in 1987 this are Section 10 and Section 19. Though Section 19 is somewhat similar to Section 12 of 1987 Constitution which is about the rights of the accused, they differ in the sense that Section 12 is a result of a precaution from the experience of the past. All the other articles that is not mention on the aforementioned slides is all the same in thought but differs somehow in section numbers.

ARTICLE IV: Citizenship 1973 Constitution  Sec 1 par 3: Those

who elect Philippines citizenship pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of nineteen hundred and thirty – five (1935).

1987 Constitution  Sec 1 par 3:

Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.

SYNTHESIS: Citizenship can be seen in Article IV in 1987 Constitution and Article III in 1973 Constitution. It comprises the characteristic of a Filipino citizen and how to become or to renounced the Philippine citizenship. The Section I of both Constitution differs only in paragraph 3 as presented above. The Section 2 in 1973 is the same of the Section 4 in 1987 Constitution while Section 3 of 1973 Constitution remain the same in 1987 Constitution. Lastly the Section 4 in 1973 Constitution is the same in 1987 Constitution in thought except for the phrases “A female citizen” which change to “A citizen” in the new Constitution which is fair as we promote equality for men and women.

ARTICLE V: Suffrage 1973 Constitution  Sec 1: Suffrage may

be exercised by citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at east one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage. The Batasang Pambansa shall provide a system for the purpose of securing the secrecy and sanctity of the vote.

1987 Constitution  Sec 1: Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at east one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage.

 Sec 2:

The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad.

ARTICLE V: Suffrage SYNTHESIS: The right to suffrage or the right to vote is also discussed in Article VI of 1973 Constitution. It is divided into two sections in 1987 Constitution which made it clear and briefly discussed. In the 1973 Constitution the Batasang Pambansa (House of Representative) are the one incharge in providing a syste, for the purpose of securing the secrecy and sanctity of the vote while in 1987 Constitution it is the Congress which composed of both the House of Representative and the Senate of the Philippines, they also have the same purpose as written above. In addition, they also provide a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipino abroad.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are included in 1973 but not in the 1987 Constitution:  Sec 12: (1)There shall be a question hour at least once a month or

as often as the rules of the National Assembly may provide, which shall be included in its agenda, during which the Prime Minister or any Minister may be required to appear and answer questions and interpellations by Members of the National Assembly. Written questions shall be submitted to the Speaker at least three days before a scheduled question hour. Interpellations shall not be limited to the written questions, but may cover matters related thereto. The agenda shall specify the subjects of the question hour. When the security of the State so requires and the Prime Minister so states in writing, the question hour shall be conducted in executive session. (2)The National Assembly or any of its committees may conduct inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in such inquiries shall be respected.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are included in 1973 but not in the 1987 Constitution:  Sec 13: (1)The National Assembly may withdraw its confidence from the Prime Minister only by electing a successor by a majority vote of all its Members. No motion for the election of such successor shall be debated and voted upon until after the lapse of three days from the submittal of such motion. (2)The Prime Minister may advise the President in writing to dissolve the National Assembly whenever the need arises for a popular vote of confidence on fundamental issues, but not on a matter involving his own personal integrity. Whereupon, the President shall dissolve the National Assembly not earlier than five days nor later than ten days from his receipt of the advice, and call for an election on a date set by the Prime Minister which shall not be earlier than forty – five days nor later than sixty days from the date of such dissolution. However, no dissolution of the National Assembly shall take place within nine months immediately preceding a regular election or within nine months immediately following any general election. (3)In case of dissolution of the National Assembly or the termination of its regular term, the incumbent Prime Minister and the Cabinet shall continue to conduct the affairs of government until the new National Assembly is convoked and a Prime Minister is elected and has qualified.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 12: All members of the Senate and the House of

Representatives shall, upon assumption of office, make full disclosure of their financial and business interests. They shall notify the House concerned of a potential conflict of interest that may arise from the filing of a proposed legislation of which they are authors.

 Sec 17:

The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each have an Electoral Tribunal which shall be the sole judge of all contest relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of their respective Members. Each Electoral Tribunal shall be composed of nine Members, three of whom shall be Justices of the Supreme Court to be designated by the Chief Justice, and the remaining six shall be Members of the Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, who shall be chosen on the basis of proportional representation from the political parties and the parties or organizations registered under the party – list system represented therein. The senior Justice in the Electoral Tribunal shall be its Chairman.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 18: There shall be a Commission on Appointments consisting of

the President of the Senate, as ex officio Chairman, twelve Senators, and twelve Members of the House of Representatives, elected by each House on the basis of proportional representation from the political parties or organizations registered under the party-list system represented therein. The Chairman of the Commission shall not vote, except in case of a tie. The Commission shall act on all appointments submitted to it within thirty session days of the Congress from their submission. The Commission shall rule by a majority vote of all the Members.  Sec 19: The Electoral Tribunal and the Commission on Appointments shall be constituted within thirty days after the Senate and the House of Representatives shall have been organized with the election of the President and the Speaker. The Commission on Appointments shall meet only while the Congress is in session, at the call of its Chairman or a majority of all its Members, to discharge such powers and functions as are herein conferred upon it.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 20:

The records and books of accounts of the Congress shall be preserved and be open to the public in accordance with law, and such books shall be audited by the Commission on Audit which shall publish annually an itemized list of amounts paid to and expenses incurred for each Member.  Sec 21: The Senate or the House of Representatives or any of its respective committees may conduct inquiries in aid of legislation in accordance with its duly published rules of procedure. The rights of persons appearing in or affected by such inquiries shall be respected.  Sec 22: The heads of departments may upon their own initiative, with the consent of the President, or upon the request of either House, as the rules of each House shall provide, appear before and be heard by such House on any matter pertaining to their departments. Written questions shall be submitted to the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives at least three days before their scheduled appearance. Interpellations shall not be limited to written questions, but may cover matters related thereto. When the security of the State or the public interest so requires and the President so states in writing, the appearance shall be conducted in executive session.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 23:

(1) The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses in joint session assembled, voting separately, shall have the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war. (2) In times of war or other national emergency, the Congress may, by law, authorize the President, for a limited period and subject to such restrictions as it may prescribe, to exercise powers necessary and proper to carry out a declared national policy. Unless sooner withdrawn by resolution of the Congress, such powers shall cease upon the next adjournment thereof.

 Sec 24:

All appropriation, revenue or tariff bills, bills authorizing increase of public debt, bills of local application, and private bills shall originate exclusively in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments.

 Sec 30: No law shall be passed increasing the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as provided in this Constitution without its advice and concurrence.

ARTICLE VI: The Legislative Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 31: No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.  Sec 32: The Congress shall, as early as possible, provide for a system of initiative and referendum, and the exceptions there from, whereby the people can directly propose and enact laws or approve or reject any act or law or part thereof passed by the Congress or local legislative body after the registration of a petition there for signed by at least ten per centum of the total number of registered voters, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum of the registered voters thereof.

ARTICLE VI: The Congress SYNTHESIS: The 1987 and 1973 Constitution really differs from each other. It is one of the three branches of government that is greatly affected by the changes in our Constitution. The above are the sections that are not included in one or another. We can see as we read thoroughly that the 1987 Constitution is more definite on the roles, provisions and characteristics of the House of Representative and the Senate of the Philippines compared to the 1973. but on the other hand 1973, Section 8 gives an exact amount of compensation for the Congress (P60,000 for the Member and P75,000 for the Speaker) while in 1987 Constitution Section 10, it only states that the salaries of the House and Senate shall be determined by law. There is also an instances that one of the Section in Article IV, Section 10 of 1973 Constitution are included in the Article VI, Section 31 of 1987 Constitution. And lastly, the Section 10 in 1973 Constitution contradicts the Section 13 in 1987 Constitution.

ARTICLE VII: The Executive Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:  Sec 5: Before they enter on the execution of their office, the President, the Vice – President, or the Acting President shall take the following oath or affirmation: “I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice – President or Acting President] of the Philippines, preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me God.” [In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted].  Sec 12: In case of serious illness of the President, the republic shall be informed of the state of his health. The members of the Cabinet in charge of national security and foreign relations and the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, shall not be denied access to the Philippines during such illness.  Sec 14: Appointments extended by an Acting President shall remain effective, unless revoked by the elected President, within ninety days from his assumption or reassumption of office Sec 15: Two months immediately before the next presidential elections and up to the end of his term, a President or Acting President shall not make appointments, except temporary appointments to executive positions when continued vacancies therein will prejudice public service or endanger public safety.

ARTICLE VII: The Executive SYNTHESIS: In the 1987 Constitution, Section 2 (Section 3 in 1973 Constitution) the age of the President and Vice – President were decrease to 40 years old from 50 years old to be a qualified candidate at the day of election. Also in Section 3 in 1987 Constitution they remove the fourth paragraph of Section 2 in 1973 Constitution, “The President shall be elected from among the Members of the National Assembly by a majority vote of all its Members for a term of six years from the date he takes his oath of office, which shall not be later than three days after the proclamation of the National Assembly, no in any case earlier than the expiration of the term of his predecessor. Upon taking his oath of office, the President shall cease to be a Member of the National Assembly and of any political party. He shall be ineligible to hold any other elective office during his term”. The Section 6 and Section 7 of 1973 Constitution are about the duties and function of the President and Vice President which is separately discussed and elaborated in 1987 Constitution Section 16 – Section 22.

ARTICLE VIII: The Judiciary Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

 Sec 3:

The Judiciary shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Appropriations for the Judiciary may not be reduced by the legislature below the amount appropriated for the previous year and, after approval, shall be automatically and regularly released.

Sec 12:

The Members of the Supreme Court and of other courts established by law shall not be designated to any agency performing quasi – judicial or administrative functions.

ARTICLE VIII: The Judiciary Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:  Sec 8: (1)A Judicial and Bar Council is hereby created under the supervision of the Supreme Court composed of the Chief Justice as ex officio Chairman, the Secretary of Justice, and a representative of the Congress as ex officio Members, a representative of the Integrated Bar, a professor of law, a retired Member of the Supreme Court, and a representative of the private sector. (2)The regular members of the Council shall be appointed by the President for a term of four years within the consent of the Commission on Appointments. Of the Members first appointed, the representative of the Integrated Bar shall serve for four years, the professor of law for three years, the retired Justice for two years, and the representative of the private sector for one year. (3)The Clerk of the Supreme Court shall be the Secretary ex officio of the Council and shall keep a record of its proceedings. (4)The regular Members of the Council shall receive such emoluments as may be determined by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall provide in its annual budget the appropriations for the Council. (5)The Council shall have the principal function of recommending appointees to the Judiciary. It may exercise such other functions and duties as the Supreme Court may assign to it.

ARTICLE VII: The Judiciary SYNTHESIS: There are three new sections added in the 1987 Constitution. This are Section 3: the fiscal autonomy; Section 8: judicial and Bar Council; and Section 12: the members of the Supreme Court. The Section 1 of 1973 Constitution is the combination of Section 1 and Section 2 of the 1987 Constitution. In 1987 Constitution. Section 7, the person to be appointed as Member of the Supreme Court must have a 15 years or more experience as a Judge of a court. It also include an additional paragraph 3. all the not mentioned sections are the same in thought and only differs in section numbers.

ARTICLE IX: Constitutional Commission Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution: Common Provision:

Sec 5: The Commission shall enjoy fiscal autonomy. Their approved annual appropriation shall be autonomically and regularly released. Sec 6: Each Commission en banc may promulgate its own rules concerning pleadings and practice before it or before any of it offices. Such rules, however, shall not diminish, increase, or modify substantive rights. Sec 7: Each Commission shall decide by a majority vote of all its Members, any case or matter brought before it within sixty days from the date of its submission for decision or resolution. A case or matter is deemed submitted for decision or resolution upon the filing of the last pleading brief, or memorandum required by the rules of the Commission or by the Commission itself. Unless otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law, any decision, order, or ruling of each Commission maybe brought to the Supreme Court on certiorari by the aggrieved party within thirty days from receipt of a copy thereof. Sec 8: Each Commission shall perform such other functions as may be provided by law.

ARTICLE IX: Constitutional Commission SYNTHESIS: Article IX is divided into three commissions: Civil Service Commission (CSC); Commission on Election (ComElec); and the Commission on Audit (COA). Each has their own role and provisions. For the common provisions there is an additional four sections that are already mention above. On the CSC in the 1987 Constitution there are three additional Sections (Section 3, Section 5 and Section 8) while two sections are removed in the 1973 version (Section 5 and Section 6). In the COA in the 1973 Constitution Section 2 is divided into two sections in 1987 Constitution. Also the Section 1 in 1973 Constitution, the term ‘40 years of age to be appointed” is changed to “35 years” in the 1987 version. And lastly the term Prime Minister to President.

ARTICLE X: Local Government Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution: Sec 4: The President of the Philippines shall exercise general supervision over local governments. Provinces with respect to component cities and municipalities, with respect to component barangays, shall ensure that the acts of their component units are within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions. Sec 7: Local governments shall be entitled to an equitable share in the proceeds of the utilization and development of the national wealth within their respective areas, in the manner provided by law, including sharing the same with the inhabitants by way of direct benefits. Sec 9: Legislative bodies of local governments shall have sectoral representation as may be prescribed by law. Sec 12: Cities that are highly urbanized, as determined by law, and component cities whose charters prohibit their voters from voting for provincial elective officials, shall be independent of the province. The voters of component cities within a province, whose charters contain no such prohibition, shall not be deprived of their right to vote for elective provincial officials.

ARTICLE X: Local Government Below are the Sections that are included in 1973 but not in the 1987 Constitution:  Sec 2: The Batasang Pambansa shall enact a local government code

which may not be thereafter amended except by a majority vote of all its Members, defining a more responsive and accountable local government structure with an effective system of recall, allocating among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and providing for the qualifications, election and removal, term, salaries, powers, functions and duties of local officials and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of the local units. However, any change in the existing form of local government shall not take effect until ratified by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite called for the purpose.  Sec 4, par 1: Provinces with respect to the component cities and municipalities with respect to component barrios, shall ensure that the acts of their component units are within the scope of their assigned powers and functions. Highly urbanized cities as determined by standards established in the local government code shall be independent of the province.

ARTICLE X: Local Government SYNTHESIS: This is Article IX in 1973 Constitution. In 1987 Constitution, Section 1 they used “barangay” instead of “barrios” and include an autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordillera. Also it is composed of 21 sections while the 1973 Constitution composed only of 5 sections. The 1987 Constitution is more broad in such way that it also includes the role and term of the local officials. Also it includes provisions for ARMM. Section 4, paragraph 2 of 1973 becomes Section 13 in 1987 Constitution. Sections that are not mention above means they are still in the present constitution though may differ in section number.

ARTICLE XI: Accountability of Public Offices Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

Sec 6:

The officials and employees of the Office of the Ombudsman, other than the Deputies, shall be appointed by the Ombudsman, according to the Civil Service law. Sec 7: The existing Tanodbayan shall hereafter be known as the Office of the Special Prosecutor. It shall continue to function and exercise its power as now or hereafter may be provided by law, except those conferred on the Office of the Ombudsman created under this Constitution. Sec 18: Public officers and employees owe the State and the Constitution allegiance at all times and any public officer or employee who seeks to change his citizenship or acquire the status of an immigrant of another country during his tenure shall be dealt by law.

ARTICLE XI: Accountability of Public Offices SYNTHESIS: This is Article XIII in 1973 Constitution. The 1987 Constitution compose of 18 sections, 12 of this are new sections and 6 are from the 1973 Constitution. In the Section 2 of 1987 the term “Vice President” is added. Article XI are about the right, function, protection of the public officers specially the President, Vice President, Ombudsman and Supreme Court.

ARTICLE XII: National Economy and Patrimony SYNTHESIS: This is Article XIV in 1973 Constitution which composed of 22 sections. It really differs from the 1973 Constitution. Here (1987 Constitution), every sections explain thoroughly and briefly the rights and provisions with regards to our national territory and economy. We could see many loopholes in 1973 that was given answers and explanation in the 1987 version of the Constitution.

ARTICLE XIII: Social Justice and Human Rights SYNTHESIS: This Article is not included in 1973 Constitution and doesn’t give importance. It comprises the right of all workers, right of farmers, protection of women, role of independent people’s, and creation of human rights.

ARTICLE XIV: Education, Science & Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports SYNTHESIS: In support in Section 17, Article 2 of 1987 Constitution, this Article was made. It tackles about supporting, establishing, promoting, protecting and preservation of the education, science & technology, arts, culture and sports. Explains the advantages or benefit that the government will get on giving importance to this categories.

ARTICLE XV: Family SYNTHESIS: This Article composed of four sections which discussed the responsibility of the state to the family and the duty of the family to each other. This article is also missing in the 1973 Constitution though its one of the goals of 1973 is to strengthen the family as basic unit of the social institution.

ARTICLE XVI: General Provisions Below are some of the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

Sec 8:

The State shall, from time to time, review to increase the pensions and other benefits due to retirees of both the government and the private sectors. Sec 9: The State shall protect consumers from trade malpractices and from sub standard or hazardous products. Sec 12: The Congress may create a consultative body to advise the President on policies affecting indigenous cultural communities, the majority of the members of which shall come from such communities.

ARTICLE XVI: General Provisions Below are the Sections that are included in 1973 but not in the 1987 Constitution:

Sec 5:

No elective or appointive public officer or employee shall receive additional or double compensation unless specifically authorized by law, nor accept, without the content of the National Assembly, any present, emolument, office or title of any kind from any foreign state. Sec 10: It shall be the responsibility of the State to achieve and maintain population levels most conducive to the national welfare. Sec 12: The state shall establish and maintain an integrated national police force whose organization, administration and operation shall be provided by law.

ARTICLE XVI: General Provisions SYNTHESIS: In the general provisions of 1973, it includes some sections that are included in the Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution. An example of this is the Section 3, Section 8, Section 9 and Section 11 which tackles about language, education, science & technology, arts, and cultural respectively. Also the Section 15 in the 1973 Constitution is included in the Article II of 1987 Constitution. This Article includes 12 sections in 1987 and 16 sections for 1973 Constitution.

ARTICLE XVII: Amendments Below are the Sections that are added in the 1987 Constitution:

Sec 2:

Amendments to this Constitution may likewise be directly proposed to the people through initiative upon a petition of at least twelve per centum of the total number of registered voters, of which every legislative district must be represented by at least three per centum of the registered voters therein. No amendment under this section shall be authorized within five years following the ratification of this Constitution nor oftener than once every five year thereafter. Sec 3: The Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of all its members call a constitutional convention, or by a majority vote of all its Members, submits to the electorate the question of calling such a convention.

ARTICLE XVII: Amendments SYNTHESIS: The 1987 Constitution provide 1 additional section from the original 2 sections in the 1973 Constitution. In Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution it clearly States the time frame for the amendments not like n the Section 2 of 1973 that only the last date were discussed. Also in 1973, Section 1 is divided into 2 section in 1987 Constitution the Section 1 and Section 3.

ARTICLE XVIII: Transitory Articles SYNTHESIS: The Transitory Articles of 1987 Constitution has a big difference from the 1973 Constitution. The latter contains 16 section while the 1987 Constitution has 27 sections. Though there is some sections that are the same. The Freedom Constitution protects the citizen and the government, clearly listed all their rights, role of each department or people in maintaining and enjoying the blessings of democracy and independent.

THANK YOU! Joyreene Anne C. Lopez BSA – 5103