Csc 102 Answers 1

CSC 102 ANSWERS TO PRACTICAL MANUAL QUESTIONS (2014)

OLAYINKA OKEWALE RCF ACADEMIC UNIT - FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE

ACTIVITY 3-5 QUESTION: What will be the output of this program? REM TRUE OR FALSE REM IN BASIC, -1 MEANS TRUE, 0 FALSE A% = 0 B% = -1 C% = (A% AND NOT B%) OR (B% AND NOT A%) PRINT “STATEMENT C IS ”; C% END ANSWER: The logical Expression (A% AND NOT B%) will be false, while (B% AND NOT A%) will be true. Combining these two expressions with OR will produce a TRUE value. OUTPUT: STATEMENT C IS -1

ACTIVITY 4-1 QUESTION: Write an interactive BASIC program that will read in a positive integer value and determine the following: a. If the integer is a prime number b. If the integer is a composite number HINT: Prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. Composite number is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number ANSWER: CLS REM program to get a positive integer from the user and determine whether the integer is a REM prime or composite number then print out the result. 10 INPUT “Enter a positive number greater than 1: ”, N IF (N < 0 OR N = 0) THEN GOTO 10 ‘This would test if the number is positive IF (N = 1) THEN PRINT “1 is neither a prime or composite number” GOTO 10 END IF REM to test, we’ll get the range of numbers that can divide n without giving us an improper REM fraction. FOR D = 2 TO N-1 IF (N MOD D = 0) THEN PRINT N; “ is a composite number” GOTO 50 ‘End the program END IF NEXT D PRINT N; “ is a prime number” 50 END

ACTIVITY 4-2 QUESTION: Write a program that will accept a hexadecimal number as input, and display a menu that will permit any of the following operation to be carried out a. Display the hexadecimal equivalent of one’s complement b. Display the hexadecimal to binary c. Display the hexadecimal to octal HINT: One’s complement is gotten by changing the hexadecimal to binary number and inverting the zeros to one and ones to zero then, changing back to hexadecimal ANSWER: CLS REM program to display a menu and get input from the user to select the menu and process REM a hexadecimal number accordingly. PRINT “Press 1 and <Enter> to find complement of a hexadecimal number” PRINT “Press 2 and <Enter> to find binary equivalent of a hexadecimal number” PRINT “Press 3 and <Enter> to find octal equivalent of a hexadecimal number” 10 INPUT “Menu: ”, menu_select IF (menu_select <> 1 AND menu_select <> 2 AND menu_select <> 3) THEN GOTO 10 INPUT “Enter a hexadecimal number > 0. Begin with &H for hexadecimal value: ”, hex_number IF (menu_select = 1) THEN CALL complement(hex_number) ELSEIF (menu_select = 2) THEN CALL hex_to_bin(hex_number) ELSE CALL hex_to_oct(hex_number) END IF END SUB complement(hex_number) REM subroutine for the complement menu stored = hex_number DIM remainder(16) ‘It can only process 16 bit data. (That’s enough…) X=1 WHILE (hex_number > 0) remainder(X) = hex_number MOD 2 hex_number = (hex_number/2) - (remainder(X) / 2) X=X+1 WEND REM next step is to invert the zeros to ones and vice versa. hex_complement = 0 FOR Y = X-1 TO 1 STEP -1 IF (remainder(Y) = 1) THEN remainder(Y) = 0 ELSE remainder(Y) = 1 END IF hex_complement = hex_complement + (remainder(Y) * (2 ^ (Y-1)))

NEXT Y PRINT “The complement of ”; HEX$(stored); “(H) is ”; HEX$(hex_complement); “(H)” END SUB SUB hex_to_bin(hex_number) REM subroutine for the hexadecimal to binary menu stored = hex_number DIM remainder(16) ‘It can only process 16 bit data. (That’s enough…) X=1 WHILE (hex_number > 0) remainder(X) = hex_number MOD 2 hex_number = (hex_number/2) - (remainder(X) / 2) X=X+1 WEND REM next step is to display the binary equivalent hex_complement = 0 PRINT HEX$(stored); “(H) is ”; FOR Y = X-1 TO 1 STEP -1 PRINT remainder(Y); NEXT Y PRINT “(B)” END SUB SUB hex_to_oct(hex_number) REM subroutine for the hexadecimal to octal menu REM subroutine for the hexadecimal to binary menu stored = hex_number DIM remainder(16) ‘It can only process 16 bit data. (That’s enough…) X=1 WHILE (hex_number > 0) remainder(X) = hex_number MOD 8 hex_number = (hex_number/8) - (remainder(X) / 8) X=X+1 WEND REM next step is to display the octal equivalent hex_complement = 0 PRINT HEX$(stored); “(H) is ”; FOR Y = X-1 TO 1 STEP -1 PRINT remainder(Y); NEXT Y PRINT “(O)” END SUB

ACTIVITY 4-3 QUESTION: Draw a flowchart and write a program to find the sum of and average of all the multiples of 5 between 1 and 100. ANSWER: (Program only)

CLS REM program to find the sum and average of all multiples of 5 between 1 and 100 SUM = 0 COUNT = 0 FOR I = 1 TO 100 IF (I MOD 5 = 0) THEN SUM = SUM + I COUNT = COUNT + 1 END IF NEXT I AVERAGE = SUM / COUNT PRINT “The sum of all multiples of 5 from 1 to 100 is ”; SUM PRINT “The average of all multiples of 5 from 1 to 100 is ”; AVERAGE END

ACTIVITY 4-4 QUESTION: What is wrong with this program? CORRECTION: REM LOGICAL AND REM LOGICAL AND A% = -1 A% = -1 B% = 0 B% = 0 C% = A%B% C% = A% AND B% PRINT A:B:C: PRINT A%;B%;C%; END END ANSWER: On line 4, logical AND should be between A% and B%. On line 5, A, B and C should be A%, B% and C% respectively On line 5, colon (:) should be replaced with semi-colon (;)

ACTIVITY 4-5 QUESTION: Write out the output of this program REM TWO PAIRS A% = -1 B% = 0 S1% = NOT(A% AND B%) S2% = NOT(A% OR B%) S3% = (NOT A%) OR (NOT B%) S4% = (NOT A%) AND (NOT B%) PRINT A%;B%;S1%;S2%;S3%;S4% END ANSWER: S1% would give -1 because (-1 AND 0) is 0 and NOT(0) is -1 S2% would give 0 because (-1 OR 0) is -1 and NOT(-1) is 0 S3% would give -1 because NOT(-1) is 0 while NOT(0) is -1 then 0 OR -1 is -1 S4% would give 0 because NOT(-1) is 0 while NOT(0) is -1 then 0 AND -1 is 0 OUTPUT: -1 0 -1 0 -1 0

ACTIVITY 4-6 QUESTION: Write a program to determine whether the Boolean expressions X: not(A AND B) Y: not(A or not B) are equivalent or not ANSWER: CLS REM TESTING BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONS A = -1 B=0 X = NOT(A AND B) Y = NOT(A OR NOT(B)) IF (X = Y) THEN PRINT “X IS EQUAL TO Y” ELSE PRINT “X IS NOT EQUAL TO Y” END IF END

ACTIVITY 5-1 QUESTION: Write a program using loop to calculate the sum of every third integer beginning with i=2 (i.e calculate 2+5+8+11+14…) for all values of i that are less than 100. Write the loop in each of the following ways: i. using a FOR-NEXT structure ii. using a DO WHILE LOOP structure iii. using a DO UNTIL LOOP structure ANSWER: (i) Using a FOR-NEXT structure CLS REM looping program using FOR NEXT structure SUM = 0 FOR I = 2 TO 99 STEP 3 SUM = SUM + I NEXT I PRINT “SUM = ”; SUM END (ii) Using a DO WHILE LOOP structure CLS REM looping program using DO WHILE LOOP structure SUM = 0 I=2 DO WHILE I < 100 SUM = SUM + I I=I+3 LOOP PRINT “SUM = ”; SUM

END (iii) Using a DO UNTIL LOOP structure CLS REM looping program using DO UNTIL LOOP structure SUM = 0 I=2 DO UNTIL I = 99 SUM = SUM + I I=I+3 LOOP PRINT “SUM = ”; SUM END

ACTIVITY 5-2 QUESTION: The following statements will produce the four possible pairings of 0 and 1 shown at the right. Write a similar program to produce the eight triples such as 000, 001, 010 … FOR A = 0 TO 1 OUTPUT: FOR B = 0 TO 1 00 PRINT A;B 01 NEXT B 10 NEXT A 11 ANSWER: CLS REM program to produce the eight triples of binary. FOR A = 0 TO 1 FOR B = 0 TO 1 FOR C = 0 TO 1 PRINT A;B;C NEXT C NEXT B NEXT A END

ACTIVITY 5-3 QUESTION: if two arrays (4, 2, 7) and (6, 3, 5) are used to represent vectors, their inner product is defined as 4*6 + 2*3 + 7*5 = 65 Corresponding components are multiplied and the products summed. Write a program to compute the inner product of vector having 10 components, such as (3, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 5) and (4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5). ANSWER: CLS REM program to add corresponding components in two arrays DIM X(10), Y(10) FOR I = 1 TO 10 READ X(I)

NEXT I DATA 3, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 5 FOR I = 1 TO 10 READ Y(I) NEXT I DATA 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4, 5, 4, 3, 5 SUM = 0 FOR J = 1 TO 10 SUM = SUM + (X(J) * Y(J)) NEXT J PRINT “THE RESULT IS ”; SUM END

ACTIVITY 5-4 QUESTION: A list contains both positive and negative numbers, the mix being more or less random. The length of the list is unknown, but from their origin, it is known that none of the numbers is as big as 1000. This number thus been added at the end of the list where it serves as a flag. Design an algorithm and flowchart for summing and counting the positive and negative numbers separately. Assume that none of the numbers is zero. ANSWER: (Algorithm only) ALGORITHM Find the length of the list using LEN(list_name) and store it in a variable named LIST_LEN. Initialize POSTIVE_SUM to be zero. Initialize NEGATIVE_SUM to be zero as well. Initialize POSTIVE_COUNT to be zero. Initialize NEGATIVE_COUNT to be zero as well. Using a FOR NEXT looping structure, loop through from 1 to the LIST_LEN. Make a conditional statement inside the loop to determine if a number is positive (by testing if it is greater than zero) or negative by testing if it is less than zero). Make a decision that: If the number is positive, add it to POSITIVE_SUM and assign the sum back to the variable POSITIVE_SUM and also increment POSITIVE_COUNT by one. Make an otherwise decision: If the number is negative, add it to NEGATIVE_SUM and assign the sum back to the variable NEGATIVE_SUM and also increment NEGATIVE_COUNT by one. Output the number and the sum of the positive numbers. Output the number and the sum of the negative numbers.

ACTIVITY 5-5 QUESTION: Write a basic program to sort a given set of numbers in an ascending and descending order. HINT: Use any sorting algorithm of your choice ANSWER: CLS REM program to sort out a given set of numbers in ascending and descending order. LESS = 0 GREAT = 0 INPUT “Enter the length of numbers you want to input: ”, num DIM numbers(num)

FOR I = 1 TO num PRINT “Enter #”; I INPUT “: ”, numbers(I) NEXT I REM now begin the sorting algorithm. FOR J = 2 TO num COUNT = J WHILE COUNT > 0 IF (numbers(COUNT) > numbers(COUNT - 1)) THEN GOTO 2 LESS = numbers(COUNT) GREAT = numbers(COUNT - 1) numbers(COUNT - 1) = LESS numbers(COUNT) = GREAT COUNT = COUNT -1 WEND 2 NEXT J REM print the numbers out sorted accordingly. PRINT “Numbers sorted in ascending order: ” FOR K = 1 TO num PRINT numbers(K); NEXT K PRINT”” PRINT “Numbers sorted in descending order: ” FOR K = num TO 1 STEP -1 PRINT numbers(K); NEXT K END

ACTIVITY 5-6 QUESTION: A list of names was supposed to be in alphabetical order, but it is suspected that some disarrangement has occurred. Develop an algorithm and flowchart to go down the list checking each adjacent pair in turn. If a pair is found to be out of order, an error message is to be printed out. ANSWER: (Algorithm only) ALGORITHM Read in the list of names and process it as an array Looping from the second item to the last item of the array Check if the n-th item is greater than the (n – 1)-th item and continue the loop Else, output an error message.

ACTIVITY 6-1 QUESTION: Prepare an interactive basic program to read a person’s first, middle and last names and extract the initials. ANSWER: CLS REM program to print a user's name with initials from the given name INPUT "Enter your first name: ", f_name$ INPUT "Enter your middle name: ", m_name$

INPUT "Enter your last name: ", l_name$ initials$ = LEFT$(m_name$, 1) + "." + LEFT$(f_name$, 1) PRINT "Welcome, "; l_name$ + " "; initials$ END

ACTIVITY 7-3 QUESTION: Write a program to store the data of one hundred students in a file. The data consist of name (maximum of 25 characters) and scores obtained in five courses during an examination. Produce a formatted output to consist of suitable headings, serial number, student’s name and scores obtained in five courses and then determine the grades obtained in each courses, total load unit, total credit unit, and grade point average per student. Use FUTA grading system and assume that each courses is three unit. ANSWER: CLS REM program to calculate and store GPA of students OPEN “students.dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #1 ‘Open the file for writing. FOR X = 1 TO 100 DIM score(5), grade$(5) CONST unit = 3 INPUT “Enter the name of student.: ”, name$ TCU = 0 TLU = 0 FOR Y = 1 TO 5 INPUT “Enter the score: ”, score(Y) grade$(Y) = ConvertToGrade$(score(Y)) points = ConvertGradeToPoint(grade$(Y)) TCU = TCU + (points * unit) TLU = TLU + unit NEXT Y PRINT #1, “------------------------------[ STUDENT ”;X; “ ]------------------------------” PRINT “------------------------------[ STUDENT ”;X; “ ]------------------------------” PRINT #1, “SN: ”;X; “, NAME: ”;name$ PRINT “SN: ”;X; “, NAME: ”;name$ PRINT #1, “----------[ SCORES AND GRADES ]----------” ‘File PRINT “----------[ SCORES AND GRADES ]----------” ‘Console FOR U = 1 TO 5 PRINT #1, “SCORE #”;U; “ = ”;score(U); “ :: GRADE #”;U; “ = ”; grade$(U) PRINT “SCORE #”;U; “ = ”;score(U); “ :: GRADE #”;U; “ = ”; grade$(U) NEXT U PRINT #1, “Total Credit Unit = ”; TCU ‘File PRINT “Total Credit Unit = ”; TCU ‘Console PRINT #1, “Total Load Unit = ”; TLU ‘File PRINT “Total Load Unit = ”; TLU ‘Console PRINT #1, “Grade Point Average = ”; (TCU/TLU) ‘File PRINT “Grade Point Average = ”; (TCU/TLU) ‘Console NEXT X CLOSE #1 ‘Close the file

‘File ‘Console

‘File ‘Console

END FUNCTION ConvertToGrade$(score) IF score >= 70 THEN ConvertToGrade$ = “A” ELSEIF score < 75 AND score >= 60 THEN ConvertToGrade$ = “B” ELSEIF score < 60 AND score >= 50 THEN ConvertToGrade$ = “C” ELSEIF score < 50 AND score >= 45 THEN ConvertToGrade$ = “D” ELSEIF score < 45 AND score >= 40 THEN ConvertToGrade$ = “E” ELSE ConvertToGrade$ = “F” END IF END FUNCTION FUNCTION ConvertGradeToPoint(grade$) IF grade$ = “A” THEN ConvertGradeToPoint = 5 ELSEIF grade$ = “B” THEN ConvertGradeToPoint = 4 ELSEIF grade$ = “C” THEN ConvertGradeToPoint = 3 ELSEIF grade$ = “D” THEN ConvertGradeToPoint = 2 ELSEIF grade$ = “E” THEN ConvertGradeToPoint = 1 ELSE ConvertGradeToPoint = 0 END IF END FUNCTION

ACTIVITY 8-1 QUESTION: a. Numerologists claim to be able to determine a person’s character traits based on the numeric value of a name. The value of a name is determined by summing up the value of the letters of the name where “a” is 1, “b” is 2, …, “z” is 26. For example “JOHN” would have the value 10+15+8+14=47. Write a program that calculate the numeric value of a single name provided as input. b. Expand your solution on the previous problem to allow the calculation of a complete name such as “JOHN MARVIN ZELE” ANSWER: (a) CLS REM program to determine the trait of a user based on his name DIM alphas$(26) FOR i = 1 TO 26

READ alphas$(i) NEXT i DATA a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z REM get input INPUT "Enter your name: ", a$ a$ = LCASE$(a$) sum = 0 FOR i = 1 TO LEN(a$) cur_letter$ = MID$(a$, i, 1) FOR j = 1 TO 26 IF (cur_letter$ = alphas$(j)) THEN sum = sum + j END IF NEXT j NEXT i PRINT "Your numeric value is "; sum END (b) CLS REM program to determine the trait of a user based on his name DIM alphas$(26) FOR i = 1 TO 26 READ alphas$(i) NEXT i DATA a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z REM get input INPUT "Enter your name: ", a$ a$ = LCASE$(a$) sum = 0 FOR i = 1 TO LEN(a$) cur_letter$ = MID$(a$, i, 1) IF (cur_letter$ = " ") THEN GOTO 5 FOR j = 1 TO 26 IF (cur_letter$ = alphas$(j)) THEN sum = sum + j END IF NEXT j 5 NEXT i PRINT "Your numeric value is "; sum END

ACTIVITY 8-2 QUESTION: Develop a program to compute and print in the order listed, the values of the following eight Boolean expressions. They represent eight fundamental A, B, C combinations. NOTE the resulting pattern. P1 = A and B and C

P2 = A and B and (not C) P3 = A and (not B) and C P4 = A and (not B) and (not C) P5 = (not A) and B and C P6 = (not A) and B and (not C) P7 = (not A) and (not B) and C P8 = (not A) and (not B) and (not C) ANSWER: CLS INPUT a INPUT b INPUT c P1 = a AND b AND c P2 = a AND b AND (NOT c) P3 = a AND (NOT b) AND c P4 = a AND (NOT b) AND (NOT c) P5 = (NOT a) AND b AND c P6 = (NOT a) AND b AND (NOT c) P7 = (NOT a) AND (NOT b) AND c P8 = (NOT a) AND (NOT b) AND (NOT c) PRINT P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8 END

ACTIVITY 8-3 QUESTION: Suppose that NP naira was borrowed from the bank with understanding that NA will be paid each month until the entire loan has been repaid. Part of the monthly payment will be interest calculated as i% of the current un-paid balance. The remainder of the monthly payment would be applied towards reducing the unpaid balance. Write a program that will determine the following information. a. b. c. d. e. f.

The amount of interest paid each month. The amount of money applied towards the unpaid balance each month. The cumulative amount of interest that has been paid at the end of each month. The amount of loan that is still unpaid at the end of the month. The number of monthly payments required to repay the entire loan. The amount of the last payment.

ANSWER: CLS REM program to calculate for a bank loan repayment and interest INPUT "Enter the amount borrowed: ", NP INPUT "Enter the amount to be paid monthly: ", NA INPUT "Enter the interest rate (%)", I BALANCE = NP CUM_ITR = 0 'cumulative interest COUNT = 1 WHILE BALANCE > 0 LAST_PAYMENT = 0

MNTLY_ITR = (I / 100) * BALANCE 'Monthly interest PRINT "INTEREST PAYMENT FOR MONTH "; COUNT; " IS "; MNTLY_ITR PRINT "THE AMOUNT OF UNPAID LOAN IS "; BALANCE IF (BALANCE > NA) THEN MNTLY_PAY = NA + MNTLY_ITR ELSE MNTLY_PAY = BALANCE + MNTLY_ITR END IF LAST_PAYMENT = MNTLY_PAY PRINT "THE AMOUNT TO BE PAID THIS MONTH IS "; MNTLY_PAY CUM_ITR = CUM_ITR + MNTLY_ITR PRINT "THE CUMMULATIVE INTEREST PAID SO FAR IS "; CUM_ITR IF (BALANCE >= NA) THEN BALANCE = BALANCE - NA ELSE BALANCE = 0 END IF COUNT = COUNT + 1 PRINT "---------------------------------------------------------------" WEND PRINT "THE NUMBER OF MONTHLY PAYMENT REQUIRED IS "; COUNT - 1 PRINT "THE AMOUNT OF LAST PAYMENT IS "; LAST_PAYMENT END

ACTIVITY 8-4 QUESTION: A Pizza shop is planning to offer online purchasing. Pizza can be purchased in three different sizes. The cost is N200 for a small Pizza, N320 for medium and N450 for large (plain with cheese and Tomato sauced). The following toppings are available: Mushroom, pepper roil, sausage, onions, green peppers, black olives and shrimp. Each topping is an addition N50 for a small pizza, N100 for a medium pizza, N150 for large pizza. In addition, a customer can order for a “supereme” with everything on it for N150, N200, and N270 small, medium and large respectively. Write a basic program to a. Allow the customer to specify the size and the choice of individual toppings b. In addition include an option to order a supreme for each of the 3 sizes c. Display the cost of the pizza, the state tax (assume a rate 12%) and the total cost as separate data item ANSWER: CLS REM program to sell pizza online PRINT "WELCOME TO PIZZA SHOP! ORDER YOUR CHOICE" PRINT "TO ORDER FOR A SUPREME PIZZA PRESS 1 ELSE PRESS 2 (0 TO EXIT)" 5 INPUT ": ", I SELECT CASE I CASE 0 GOTO 10 CASE 1

CALL SUPREME_PIZZA CASE 2 CALL PIZZA CASE DEFAULT PRINT "INVALID INPUT" GOTO 5 END SELECT 10 END SUB SUPREME_PIZZA STATE_TAX = 12 / 100 15 INPUT "SELECT SIZE: 1 FOR SMALL, 2 FOR MEDIUM, 3 FOR LARGE: ", SZ SELECT CASE SZ CASE 1 COST = 200 + 150 TOTAL_COST = COST + (COST * STATE_TAX) PRINT "YOU ORDERD FOR SMALL SUPREME PIZZA AND COST IS "; COST PRINT "TOTAL COST IS "; TOTAL_COST CASE 2 COST = 320 + 200 TOTAL_COST = COST + (COST * STATE_TAX) PRINT "YOU ORDERD FOR MEDIUM SUPREME PIZZA AND COST IS "; COST PRINT "TOTAL COST IS "; TOTAL_COST CASE 3 COST = 450 + 270 TOTAL_COST = COST + (COST * STATE_TAX) PRINT "YOU ORDERD FOR LARGE SUPREME PIZZA AND COST IS "; COST PRINT "TOTAL COST IS "; TOTAL_COST CASE DEFAULT PRINT "INVALID INPUT" GOTO 15 END SELECT END SUB SUB PIZZA STATE_TAX = 12 / 100 INPUT "SELECT SIZE: 1 FOR SMALL, 2 FOR MEDIUM, 3 FOR LARGE: ", SZ SELECT CASE SZ CASE 1 COST = 200 PRINT "YOU ORDERED A SMALL SIZED PIZZA" CASE 2 COST = 320 PRINT "YOU ORDERED A MEDIUM PIZZA" CASE 3 COST = 450 PRINT "YOU ORDERED A LARGE PIZZA" END SELECT PRINT "TOPPINGS LIST SELECTION: 1 = MUSHROOM, 2 = PEPPER ROIL, 3 = SAUSAGE,";

PRINT " 4 = ONIONS, 5 = GREEN PEPPER, 6 = BLACK OLIVES, 7 = SHRIMP" DO INPUT "SELECT THE TOPPING VALUE (0 TO STOP OR TO ORDER PLAIN): ", TOP IF (TOP <> 0) THEN IF SZ = 1 THEN COST = COST + 50 IF SZ = 2 THEN COST = COST + 100 IF SZ = 3 THEN COST = COST + 150 END IF LOOP WHILE TOP <> 0 TOTAL_COST = COST + (COST * STATE_TAX) PRINT "COST = "; COST PRINT "TOTAL COST = "; TOTAL_COST END SUB

ACTIVITY 8-5 QUESTION: The Gregorian Epact is the number of days between Jan 1st and the previous 1st quarter moon phase. The value is obtained in order to figure out the date of Easter. It is calculated by these formulas. (Using int arithmetic) : C = year/100 Epact = (8+(C/4)-C+((8C+13)/25)+11(year%19))%30. Write a basic program that prompts the user for 4 digit year and then outputs the value of the epact ANSWER: CLS REM program to calculate EPACT INPUT "ENTER A FOUR DIGIT YEAR: "; YEAR C% = YEAR / 100 PRINT C% EPACT = (8 + (C% / 4) - C% + (((8 * C%) + 13) / 25) + (11 * (YEAR MOD 19))) MOD 30 PRINT "EPACT = "; EPACT END

ACTIVITY 8-7 QUESTION: The sequence of Fibonacci numbers begins thus: 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,… and continues endlessly, each number begins the sum of the preceding two. Prepare a basic program to compute the first 25 numbers together with the ratio of each to the one before it. ANSWER: CLS REM program to display the first 25 fibonacci number. C1 = 1 C2 = 1 C3 = 0 PRINT C1 PRINT C2 FOR I = 1 TO 23 C3 = C1 + C2 PRINT C3; " RATIO = "; C3; ":"; C2 C1 = C2 C2 = C3

NEXT I END

ACTIVITY 8-9 QUESTION: Write a basic program to check if a number is palindrome or not. Note: a palindrome number is a number that remains the same when its digits are reversed. E.g. 16261, 191, 2, 77, 999. ANSWER: INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER: ", NUM$ B_NUM$ = "" FOR I = LEN(NUM$) TO 1 STEP -1 B_NUM$ = B_NUM$ + MID$(NUM$, I, 1) NEXT IF (NUM$ = B_NUM$) THEN PRINT NUM$; " IS PALINDROME" ELSE PRINT NUM$; " IS NOT PALINDROME" END IF END NOTE: Please try the ACTIVITIES that are not included in this solution manual. Draw the flowcharts for the activities that require one. Read and attempt the other questions included in the practical manual.

Compiled By: Olayinka Okewale (RCF Academic Unit, FUTA)