Culture Lesson Edited

PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE

Individual Activity 

In ½ crosswise yellow paper:

1. Answer this in not less than 3 sentences: What is your own understanding of culture? Explain. 2. List down the different cultures that you are practicing at home, in school, and in your community. 3. Share your answers in the class.

I. CULTURE

What is CULTURE?

Culture refers to the person’s way of life and everything that the person learns, follows, and shares as a member of the society. It includes:  Language/Dialects  Religion  Food  Arts  Celebrations  Manners  Clothes and Dressing  Beliefs  Laws  Norms  Values  Knowledge  Medical cure  Marriage  Literature  Music  Dances  Sports

What is ANTHROPOLOGY? Anthropology is derived from two Greek words

anthropos and logos.

Anthropos means ‘HUMAN’. Logos means ‘THE STUDY OF.’

Anthropology is the scientific

study of humans (past and present) and their respective cultures where they were born and actively belong to.

Franz Boas is the

father of American Anthropology. He was the first person to implement the scientific method into the study of human cultures and societies.

Alfred Kroeber and William Henry Morgan studied the indigenous rights like traditional cultural preservation and ancestral domain of the American Indian tribes.

Ruth Benedict became a specialist in anthropology and folklore and authored one of the three famous books utilized in the academic scene for reference purposes known as Patterns of Culture.

Margaret Mead became controversial for intensively studying the sexual practices among native populations.

Bronislaw Malinowski made a strategy wherein in order to get data information from the respondents, there should be a participant observation which is central to ethnography or the ethnographic approach.

Other meanings…   

 

Culture is a product of human interaction. Culture is a social heritage that is complex and socially transmitted. Culture provides a socially acceptable patterns for meeting biological and social needs. Culture is a distinguishing factor. Culture is an established pattern of behavior.

Non material Culture

Material Culture

- consists of intangible things. EXAMPLES:  Ideas  Behavior, gesture, and habits  Language  Religion Etc.

- consists of tangible things. EXAMPLES:  Technological Tools  Food  Architectural Structures  Fashion and Accessories Etc.

TYPES OF CULTURE

Characteristics of CULTURE 



Culture is LEARNED.

Culture is TRANSMITTED.

Culture is never static and is TRANSFORMED over time as it adapts to changing conditions in society.





Culture is CUMULATIVE.

CATEGORIES OF NON MATERIAL CULTURE

Symbols are anything that meaningfully represents something.

I. SYMBOLS

Language is the most important set of symbols. Without this, much of human thought would not be possible.

Values are ideas shared by the people in the society about what is good and bad, right and wrong, desirable and undesirable.

II. VALUES

Norms are expectations of how people are supposed to act, think, or feel in specific situations. It is either prescriptive (it tells you what to do) or proscriptive (it tells you what not to do).

III. NORMS

3 Types of Norms

1.Folkways

2.Mores 3.Taboos

1. Folkways are patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of living, but these norms may be easily broken and don’t have serious consequences.

Examples: • Taking a bath/shower • Praying after waking up • Brushing teeth after meals, etc.

2. Mores are the most specific, clearly stated, and strictly enforced norms that carry corresponding punishments for those that break them or fail to follow it.

Examples: • Rules in school • Rules in offices • Rules in society, etc.

3. Taboos are very strong negative norms. These refer to the prohibition of certain behavior that is so strict that violating it results in extreme disgust and even expulsion from the group or society.

Examples: Incest Cannibalism Pre-marital sex To be a homosexual/gay Eating pork among Muslims, etc.

The obedience to or violation of norms results in sanctions.

Sanctions are rewards and punishments. 2 Types of Sanctions 1. Positive Sanctions (rewards) 2. Negative Sanctions (punishments)

Beliefs refer to what people consider as factual.

Example: Belief on life after death Belief on heaven and hell Belief on the existence of aliens Belief on the supernatural elements, etc.

IV. BELIEFS

TERMS TO REMEMBER

Cultural Variation – refers to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world. Ethnocentrism – it is the belief that one’s own culture is superior than other cultures. Xenocentrism – it is the belief that other’s culture is superior than own culture

Culture Shock – is a term used to express a negative feeling experienced by persons moving from one society to another or within one’s own society. Xenophobia – is a culturally based fear of outsiders or sometimes fictitious fear of the strangers for the competition of jobs, or ethnical, racial, or religious prejudice.

Cultural Relativism – it is a principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.