Drilling Fluid

Fluids and Chemicals

Specialty Products Drilling Fluids Solutions

Specialty Products As the drilling industry matures and the search for hydrocarbons becomes increasingly challenging in both physical and financial environments, the importance of innovative drilling fluids solutions has become noteworthy. Operators have come to depend on the use of specialized drilling fluids products to assist in managing their drilling risks.

includes lost circulation materials, lubricants, ROP enhancers, sophisticated shale control products, and the industry’s premier spotting fluids. Since its first successful application in the 1940’s, our BLACK MAGIC™ spotting fluid has been widely recognized as the drilling industry’s best solution for successfully freeing differentially stuck pipe.

Baker Hughes offers a complete line of innovative specialty products to meet every drilling need — no problem is too large or too small. Over the years, operators have come to rely on us for their specialty product needs. Baker Hughes’ product portfolio

Baker Hughes’ history has been built on providing solutions for the most challenging drilling problems. We combines experience, support, and technical innovation to deliver unmatched performance for all your drilling needs.

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Weighting Agents Baker Hughes offers a conventional line of weighting agents, such as barite, hematite, and calcium carbonate. In addition, Baker Hughes offers specialized weighting agents designed for custom drilling needs.

DEEP SWEEP™ DEEP SWEEP is a coarse ground barite specifically designed for high density sweeps and for weighted slugs. DEEP SWEEP was designed with a larger particle size

distribution than normal barite in order to be screened out for maintaining constant density requirements. DEEP SWEEP is an excellent weighting agent for high density sweeps and weighted slugs where an increase in density is not desired. DEEP SWEEP can be used in any other fluid weighting application where the material needs to be screened out of the circulating fluid system. The preferred method for addition of DEEP SWEEP is through the hopper into the suction pit.

Stuck Pipe Solutions Our proven line of spotting fluids can reduce costly drilling delays in both land-based and offshore drilling environments. These additives are specifically designed to assist in freeing stuck pipe. When differentially stuck, an effective spotting fluid is often the only difference between the timely completion of a project and very expensive downtime or sidetrack.

BLACK MAGIC™ BLACK MAGIC, the industry’s most recognized spotting fluid, is compounded with a premium-grade high melting point asphalt in either diesel oil, low-toxicity mineral oil or synthetic-based fluid. In addition to its ability to remove water-base filter cakes while depositing a tough, thin wall cake, BLACK MAGIC is pre-weighted to maximize safety while spotting and preventing spot migration. Pre-mixed and delivered to the rig site in 25 bbl. storage containers, BLACK MAGIC is field-proven with a success rate exceeding 80% over the last 50+ years.

BLACK MAGIC™ SFT BLACK MAGIC SFT (Sacked Fishing Tool) is a dry mixture of optimally-sized, airblown asphalt, lime, fatty acids, and dispersants. Because the material is packaged in a sacked form, BLACK MAGIC SFT spots are ideal for remote locations where access to mixing plants is restricted. Additional BLACK MAGIC SFT benefits include:

a one sack formulation for simplified rigsite mixing, additional flexibility for use with diesel oil, mineral oil, or synthetic fluids, and superior performance.

BLACK MAGIC™ CLEAN BLACK MAGIC CLEAN is a non-toxic, biodegradable, synthetic-based spotting fluid that is speciallyengineered for environmentally sensitive areas. This spot can be pre-mixed for immediate application or mixed at the rig site using synthetic base fluids and BLACK MAGIC SFT. BLACK MAGIC CLEAN is safe for discharge in the Gulf of Mexico. Additional benefits include: extensive density range (7.0 to 20.0 ppg), environmental acceptability, and performance comparable to BLACK MAGIC oil-based spotting fluids.

BLACK MAGIC™ PHALT-FREE The latest product addition to the BLACK MAGIC spotting fluid line is BLACK MAGIC PHALT-FREE, a nonhydrocarbon composition formulated without asphalt. This liquid spotting fluid can be stored at the rig site for immediate access and weighted to the desired density prior to spotting. BLACK MAGIC PHALT-FREE has met the U.S. EPA requirements for overboard discharge. In addition to its use as a spotting fluid, BLACK MAGIC PHALT-FREE can be added directly to the active system (up to 3% by volume) to reduce torque and drag.

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Lost Circulation Solutions Lost Circulation Materials „„

CHEK-LOSS™ SERIES

„„

KWIK-SEAL F,M,C

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LC-LUBE™ SERIES

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MIL-CARB™ SERIES

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MIL-CEDAR PLUG

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MILFLAKE™

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MILMICA™ Coarse

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MILMICA™ Fine

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MIL-PLUG™ F, M, C

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MIL-SEAL™ F, M, C

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SOLUFLAKE™ F, M, C

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SOLU-SQUEEZ™

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W.O™ 30 F, M, C

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X-LINK™

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CHEK-LOSS™

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CHEK-LOSS™ PLUS

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MIL-CARB™ SERIES

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FLOW-CARB™ SERIES

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SOLUFLAKE™ FINE

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SOLUFLAKE™ SUPERFINE

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MILMICA™

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MIL-SEAL

™

Downhole fluid losses, ranging from seepage to total lost returns, are costly and timeconsuming. Losses must be eliminated as quickly and efficiently as possible. Baker Hughes recognizes that the prevention and treatment of fluid losses are crucial to successful drilling and completion activities. To meet this need, Baker Hughes offers a comprehensive array of products, systems, and engineering services that reduce the occurrence and impact of lost circulation.

CHEK-LOSS Series ™

™

feature minimizes the detrimental effect on the electrical stability often experienced when using other cellulosic fibers. CHEK-LOSS PLUS can be maintained in a circulating system without bypassing the shale shakers, and without effect on fluid stability.

LC-LUBE™ Series

Premium Lost Circulation Materials

CHEK-LOSS PLUS additions to a synthetic invert emulsion system reduced both spurt loss and total fluid loss through a 10 Darcy aloxite disk.

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Reliable performance and drilling fluid compatibility are critical in controlling losses and reducing an operator’s drilling costs. Our Lost Circulation Materials (LCM) are engineered to provide dependable performance in both water-based and invert emulsion drilling fluids.

The CHEK-LOSS series of lost circulation materials are premier complexed-cellulosic products for controlling seepage and minor lost circulation in depleted, fractured, and other permeable zones. CHEK-LOSS LCM’s function in both water-based and invert systems with minimal effect on mud system rheology/stability. CHEK-LOSS can be mixed through the hopper and carried in the system or used in sweeps or slugs. CHEK-LOSS coarse material is available for massive losses and for sweep type treatments. CHEK-LOSS™ PLUS is a water-insoluble, ultrafine, cellulosic material used for controlling seepage and loss of circulation while drilling through depleted or under-pressured zones. CHEK-LOSS PLUS will not preferentially water-wet when used in conjunction with oil and synthetic-based emulsion systems. This

LC-LUBE products are a specially formulated, highly resilient, sized graphite used to control loss of circulation. This resilient, synthetic graphite material is not only an excellent plugging and bridging agent, but is also a good general borehole lubricant. The products deform and bridge in larger pore throats or fractures found in formations such as sand or limestone. The combination effect mitigates the risk of differential sticking and losses to lower pressured formations while stabilizing shale. The LC-LUBE series is applicable in water-, synthetic-, or oil-based fluids. These environmentally friendly additives are essentially inert in the drilling fluid system, having very little effect on mud flow properties. The LC-LUBE series is available in three grind sizes, LC-LUBE™ Course, LC-LUBE™, and LC-LUBE™ Fine.

MIL-CARB™ SERIES The MIL-CARB product line contains sized, metamorphic calcium carbonate blends used as bridging agents and loss circulation material in water-, oil-, and synthetic-based drilling and drill-in fluids. This series may be blended as necessary to provide critical particle size distributions for bridging most sand formations. Each of the products in the MIL-CARB series has a Moh hardness of 3.0 or greater and is 96 to 98% soluble in 15% HCl. Standard MIL-CARB and MIL-CARB™ 5, 25, 50, 150, 450, and 600 can be used separately or may be blended with each other to bridge producing formations. These additives may be blended into PERFFLOW™

or OMNIFLOW™ drill-in fluid systems or other conventional fluid systems as needed to minimize seepage losses.

the advantage of a graded particle size with variation of types of materials. This mixture will penetrate fractures, vugs, and extremely porous zones.

MIL-CEDAR FIBER™ MIL-CEDAR FIBER, manufactured from cedar bark, is a fibrous loss-of-circulation material to be used in water-based muds. MILCEDAR FIBER forms a strong, interlocking barrier at the porous or fractured zone to help maintain circulation.

MIL-FIBER MIL-FIBER, composed of specially-ground bagasse fibers, is a loss-of-circulation material to be used in water-based muds. The high wet-strength fibers of MIL-FIBER form a very effective seal against loss of drilling mud by forming a resilient bridge in cracks, fissures, and porous formations.

MILFLAKE™ MILFLAKE, made from cellophane, is a loss-of-circulation material for use in water-based muds. MILFLAKE has been carefully graded to produce maximum bridging of thief zones. MILFLAKE has sufficient strength to prevent deformation and breakdown.

MILMICA™ MILMICA is a sized grade of mica used to control loss of circulation. MILMICA is available in either fine or coarse grades. Fine-grade MILMICA is ground to pass through the shaker screens while combating seepage loss. This facilitates solids removal while maintaining protection against mud loss.

MIL-PLUG™

W.O.™ 30 SUPERCOARSE W.O. 30 SUPERCOARSE is a graded, acid soluble calcium carbonate used to control loss of circulation in water or invert emulsion drilling and completion fluids. W. O. 30 SUPERCOARSE’s larger size distribution is designed for bigger fractures and/or vugs when severe lost returns occur.

SOLUFLAKE™ SOLUFLAKE is a unique flaked calcium carbonate product utilized in the MAX-BRIDGE™ system for controlling circulation losses and seepage. This material is 99.99% soluble in 10-15% HCl acid making it an excellent additive for drilling fluids exposed to the producing zone. This acid solubility feature will help protect producing sands and facilitate completion operations during production. SOLUFLAKE can be used in water-, synthetic- and oil-based drilling fluids. This product is particularly effective in oil or synthetic systems. Since SOLUFLAKE does not absorb water as some fibrous materials tend to do, elevated rheology and emulsion instability are not an issue. The product is available in four grades, referred to as: „„ (SOLUFLAKE™ SF) super fine „„ (SOLUFLAKE™ F) fine „„ (SOLUFLAKE™ M) medium „„ (SOLUFLAKE™ C) and coarse

MIL-PLUG is a sized, granular nutshell material used to control loss of circulation. MIL-PLUG is available in fine, medium, and coarse grades-each carefully sized to provide maximum sealing effectiveness.

MIL-SEAL

™

MIL-SEAL is a lost-circulation material containing a blend of granular, flake, and fibrous materials available in three different grind sizes (coarse, medium, and fine). MIL-SEAL, being a blend of various shape materials, eliminates the need for having several different products on well location. MIL-SEAL offers

1,800

Cost of Non-Productive Time, (USD)

MIL-PLUG (fine grade) can be maintained in a circulating system without bypassing the shale shakers; however, medium and coarse grades will be removed with the cuttings if the shale shakers are in use.

2,000

1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Without LC-LUBE

With LC-LUBE

Comparison of 2 offset wells with and without LC Lube in the North Sea.

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The finer grades are used for seepage loss while the coarser grades are used for loss of circulation. SOLUFLAKE M and SOLUFLAKE C are effective in overcoming severe mud losses in porous or fractured formations. Shale shakers are usually bypassed when the coarser grades of material are used

FLOW-CARB™ SERIES (Eastern Hemisphere) FLOW-CARB 2, 10, 20, 40, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 are sized calcium carbonate blends used as bridging agents and lost circulation material in water-, oil- and synthetic-base drilling and drill-in fluids. A series of sized FLOW-CARB products allows for accurate bridging design matching particle size with pore throat size for optimized formation protection. The sized FLOW-CARB products can also be added or mixed together when a wider or intermediate particle size distribution is desired. Each of the products in the FLOWCARB Series has a Mohs hardness of 3.0 or greater and is 96 to 98% soluble in 15% HCl. These additives may be blended into PERFFLOW or OMNIFLOW drill-in fluid systems or other conventional fluid systems as needed to minimize fluid losses.

MAX-BRIDGE

MAX-BRIDGE is comprised of MAX-SHIELD, LC-LUBE, and LC-LUBE Fine, which synergistically plug and seal pore throats and fractures in depleted sand and limestone formations.

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Fine lost circulation materials and bridging agents are also routinely employed to reduce losses to low pressured, permeable formations

resulting in reduced frequency of differential sticking. These products include: „„ CHEK-LOSS™ „„ CHEK-LOSS™ PLUS „„ MIL-CARB™ SERIES „„ FLOW-CARB™ SERIES „„ SOLUFLAKE™ FINE „„ SOLUFLAKE™ SUPERFINE „„ MILMICA™ „„ MIL-SEAL™ MAX-BRIDGE™ is a customized package designed to overcome these challenges by bridging the fine line between wellbore stability, differential sticking, and mud losses. MAXBRIDGE is a combination of state-ofthe-art bridging technologies used to provide a multi-pronged system approach to address these issues. MAX-BRIDGE consists of a patented deformable sealing polymer in conjunction with highly resilient graphite additives to reduce pore pressure transmission and seal and plug micro-fractures in shale and low porosity sands. The system mitigates the risk of differential sticking as well as losses to lower pressured formations while stabilizing shale. MAX-BRIDGE helps address the unpredictable nature of some formations using a field proven combination of highly durable, deformable bridging materials. The deformable nature of the MAX-BRIDGE components allows the materials to re-shape to fit undetermined pore throats and mold itself into micro-fractures, a new ability and improvement over conventional bridging technology and techniques.

Severe Lost Circulation Pills X-LINK™ X-LINK is a cross-linked composition for curing severe lost circulation in large fractures or vugs. This product can also form a plug in casing and/or open hole for prevention of lost mud due to excessive hydrostatic pressure. This plug, once mixed, spotted, and allowed to set, forms a rigid gel. The resulting cross-linked plug is readily drilled or reamed and removed from the circulating system over conventional shale shaker equipment. The rate/time at which the cross-linking mechanism occurs is controlled by temperature.

SOLU-SQUEEZ™ SOLU-SQUEEZ LCM is designed to seal lost circulation zones rapidly and efficiently. SOLU-SQUEEZ is very acid soluble —making it the ideal LCM for controlling losses in reservoir sections. The sacked SOLU-SQUEEZ product can be stored easily at the rigsite for fast application and rapid mixing in a slugging tank or cement unit. Once pumped into place, a SOLU-SQUEEZ pill can be squeezed into the thief zone (followed by mud) to effectively control circulation losses. SOLU-SQUEEZ can be pumped through MWD tools, saving valuable rig time, and is environmentally acceptable across the globe.

X-LINK forms a crosslinked plug to stop or prevent severe lost circulation.

BAKER-SQUEEZ™ BAKER-SQUEEZ is a high-solids, high-fluid loss squeeze designed for use in cases of moderate to severe lost circulation. It works by rapidly dewatering, resulting in a solid plug of lost circulation material in wellbore fractures and vugular features. BAKER-SQUEEZ blends easily using most rig equipment.

SOLU-SQUEEZ is acid soluble making it an ideal solution for controlling losses in production zones.

The plug formed by BAKER-SQUEEZ develops compressive strength and is effective in sealing all types of fractures, highly permeable formations and vugular spaces. When blended in any fluid, filtrate expressed from the slurry into the formation will bond with any clay or gumbo shale to form a rigid bridge inside the fracture and fracture tip. BAKER-SQUEEZ can be applied through the drill string into any fracture to create a strong bridge ahead of any cement job to aid in achieving cement to the surface through reducing or eliminating channeling by filling all cracks, micro-fractures and cavernous formations.

BAKER-SQUEEZ creates a solid plug of lost circulation material in wellbore fractures and vugular features.

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Shale Control Solutions

MAX-GUARD embeds in the clay lattice preventing water invasion and subsequent swelling.

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Deformable Sealing Polymers Baker Hughes utilizes unique and patented deformable sealing polymer technology to bridge pore throat openings and minimize pore pressure transmission. The polymers reduce pore pressure transmission by sealing pore throats and micro-fractures and effectively generating a semi-permeable membrane at the borehole interface. Because of their uniquely small particle size, the polymers are also effective in reducing differential sticking and reducing mud losses across depleted sand sections by bridging pore throat openings. These deformable sealing polymers can be used as shale stabilizers as well as bridging agents.

MAX-SHIELD™ MAX-SHIELD, a liquid pre-dispersed sealing polymer, is suitable for use at salinity levels ranging from freshwater to saturated salt. This product is designed to be used in combination with MAX-PLEX™ (aluminate & resin complex) for improved wellbore stability by reducing pore pressure transmission into the shale matrix.

TERRA-COAT™ TERRA-COAT is a dry form of the deformable sealing polymer technology. The product’s dry nature allows it to be used in cold climates without the risk of freezing. TERRA-COAT is suitable in freshwater and low salinity environments and can only be utilized in water-based systems. TERRA-COAT has a slightly larger particle size than MAX-SHIELD which enables it to bridge and seal larger pore throats and fractures.

Aluminate Products SHALE-PLEX™ and MAX-PLEX™ are dry aluminum complexes designed to control drilling problems with water-sensitive shales. This chemistry offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional shale-inhibiting electrolytes. The aluminum complex acts as a stabilizer, slowing the hydration of shale and the resulting detrimental effects. SHALE-PLEX and MAX-PLEX reduce hydration of clay minerals resulting in reduced bit balling, flowline plugging, blinding of shaker screens, and viscosity when drilling gumbo shale sections. SHALE-PLEX and MAX-PLEX increase stability of water-sensitive shales by limiting hydration. The inhibition characteristics of SHALE-PLEX and MAX-PLEX result in less viscosity effect from shale drill solids. This effect is especially beneficial when polymer-based drilling fluids are used, reducing the need for powerful deflocculants. SHALE-PLEX and MAX-PLEX are tolerant to contaminants such as cement, carbonates, chlorides, and temperature. Filtration control is easily maintained.

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Baker Hughes patented deformable sealing polymers seal micro-fractures in a Pierre II shale.

MAX-GUARD™ The inability to suppress hydration and dispersion in reactive clays and gumbo leads to problems such as bit balling, accretion, poor solids removal efficiency, high dilution rates, and problems managing rheological and filtration control properties. Clay constitutes a large portion of shale mineralogy. Clay swelling, along with pore pressure transmission, is a leading cause of shale instability. Clay swelling and hydration frequently occurs with conventional WBM and leads to problems such as bit balling, accretion, high dilution rates, reduced rates-of-penetration, and spalling of the wellbore. This problem is addressed through the use of the MAX-GUARD additive. MAX-GUARD, a premium shale control additive, enters into the lattice of the clay mineral, electrostatically binding and minimizing the uptake of water. The treated clay is then able to repel water invasion and prevent clay hydration and swelling. The use of MAX-GUARD ensures that the clay remains in its natural, dry state. Treated clays will not adhere to the bit and drilling assembly, reducing incidents of accretion and bit balling, which translate to improvements in rates of penetration, ECD management, and lower dilution rates. 10

With MAX-SHIELD

Without MAX-SHIELD

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Feet/Day/Rig

Comparison of offset wells in South Texas with and without MAX-SHIELD.

Torque and Drag Reduction The demands encountered drilling highly deviated wells include the effective control of torque and drag. Baker Hughes provides a complete line of lubricants for both water-based and emulsionbased drilling fluids.

water-based muds and can be used up to saturation with either sodium or potassium chloride based fluids. LUBE-622 will have a minimal effect on rheological and filtration properties. This esterbased lubricant will readily biodegrade and is considered non-toxic ideal for application in North Sea areas such as Norway and the UK.

OMNI-LUBE™ OMNI-LUBE is an environmentally acceptable polymeric fatty acid solution which will effectively reduce torque and drag in most emulsion-based drilling fluids. Results obtained in the field indicate that friction factors in fluids treated with OMNI-LUBE can be lowered by up to 25% compared to untreated fluids. OMNI-LUBE is a filming-type extreme pressure lubricant and is particularly effective in lowering the steel/steel friction. OMNILUBE is compatible with most emulsion systems and is suitable both in high and low aromatic base fluid environments. OMNILUBE is a liquid and will not screen out of the system. Fluid properties are not adversely affected by additions of OMNI-LUBE, and HPHT fluid loss in emulsion systems treated with OMNI-LUBE will generally be lowered.

MIL-LUBE™ MIL-LUBE is a blend of organic surfactants and modified fatty acid compounds designed to reduce torque and drag in all types of water-based drilling fluids. MIL-LUBE is compatible with both freshwater and seawater muds and shows no tendency toward foaming, abnormal flow property changes, or “greasing out” on weighting material when used as recommended. MIL-LUBE contains additives to provide both boundary- and extremepressure lubrication, making MIL-LUBE effective over a wide range of loading conditions. The extreme pressure additives in MIL-LUBE form a lubricating film on metal surfaces that resists removal and continues to provide lubrication, even on dilution. MIL-LUBE is extremely effective at reducing the sticking coefficient and minimizes differential sticking of the drill string.

LUBE-622 LUBE-622 is an environmentally acceptable lubricant designed to lower friction and reduce torque in most water-based muds except those based on calcium chloride. LUBE-622 readily disperses in

35

30

25

Torque

20

WOB ROP 15

10

5

0

Before

After

Coefficient of friction reduced from 0.21 to 0.16 (23.8%) with no change in formation type.

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Wellbore Stability Promotion Shale control additives are generally customized for the type of shale problems existing in the wellbore. Most shale control products are designed to chemically inhibit the transfer of water to the shale, preventing swelling that could potentially cause drill string sticking and wellbore destabilization. Problematic shale can splinter or slough and can cause extreme buildup of solids in the wellbore, leading to excessive torque and drag as well as mechanically sticking the drillpipe.

SHALE-BOND™ SHALE-BOND is a water-dispersable natural resinous material (gilsonite) used to stabilize troublesome shales. SHALE-BOND

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plugs microfractures and pore spaces in the shale, helping seal the shale from an influx of water. SHALE-BOND is treated with a water-wetting additive to enable it to disperse freely in water without the need for supplementary surfactants. SHALE-BOND is effective in low and high-temperature wells, stable in the presence of mud contaminants, and tolerant to additions of diesel oil and lubricants. SHALE-BOND was designed for those applications where an asphaltic product is desired for shale stability and borehole lubrication. It is well suited for stabilizing shales in low- and high-temperature wells, and is the preferred asphaltic product when bottom-hole temperature exceeds 300°F (149°C). SHALE-BOND can be used in all water-based muds.

SULFATROL™

CLAY-TROL™

SULFATROL is a sulfonated bitumous resin material used primarily for shale stabilization and the lowering of HTHP fluid loss in all types of water- and invert- based mud systems. SULFATROL may be used in fresh up to saturated salt water-based mud systems for stabilizing shale and reduction of torque and drag.

CLAY-TROL is a water-soluble shale hydration and dispersion inhibitor for water-based drilling fluids. CLAY-TROL may be used in fresh up to saturated salt water-based mud systems for stabilizing shale and prevention of gumbo. By inhibiting reactive clays this product helps prevent bit and other BHA component balling. CLAY-TROL is readily soluble, therefore no special mixing procedures or equipment is necessary. Temperature stability of this product is in excess of 300°F. CLAY-TROL is environmentally safe and can be discharged both on land and offshore.

SULFATROL will reduce the thickness of wall cakes on the borehole. This product is predominately water soluble (>70%) but has partial oil solubility, making SULFATROL a good oil-in-water emulsifier.

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Differential Sticking Prevention Loss of filtrate or whole mud losses to permeable, lower pressured formations can have significant effects on the drilling operation long before an actual case of differentially stuck pipe occurs. High torque and drag values, difficulty sliding and maintaining directional control, “stickiness” on bottom, increased pipe tripping times and reduced weight on bit can add up to lower drilling efficiency and increased wear and tear on equipment. These issues can be avoided by taking appropriate preventative measures.

AQUA-MAGIC™ Baker Hughes’ AQUA-MAGIC additive is an oil-free differential sticking preventative designed for use in water-based drilling fluids. This nontoxic additive is specially engineered to eliminate sticking while drilling or running casing through depleted (low pressure) zones. Drawing on a proprietary blend of glycol, asphalt, and surfactant, AQUA-MAGIC reduces both static and dynamic filtration loss providing a tough, thin filter cake and reducing torque and drag. In addition, AQUA-MAGIC can be used as a highly plastic and pliable bridging agent to plug and seal depleted sands. AQUA-MAGIC is thermally stable, tolerates high pH, is immune to hardness, and will not adversely affect mud properties. The AQUA-MAGIC additive has been applied successfully in potassium, lime, lignosulfonate, polymer, freshwater, and salt systems.

AQUA-MAGIC is packaged in 55 gal (208.2 l) drums and 25 bbl (3.97 m3) U.S. Coast Guard approved tanks.

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Because the non-toxic AQUA-MAGIC additive contains no oils and does not form a sheen on the surface of receiving waters, it is ideally suited for use in environmentally sensitive areas.

Rate of Penetration Enhancement Rate of penetration (ROP) enhancers are used to speed up the drilling process and save valuable rig time. These products are generally used as a continuous addition chemical to maintain a suitable concentration to keep the bit from “balling” and to provide lubrication of the drill string and formation face.

effective in relatively low concentrations (2-5% by volume). The most efficient treatment method is direct injection into the mud pump suction line. This allows for more uniform concentrations while avoiding excess treatment levels. PENETREX is designed to meet offshore environmental regulations.

PENETREX™

PENETREX™ NS

The PENETREX fluid additive is specially engineered to reduce PDC bit-balling – improving penetration rates in water-based systems up to 400% over untreated systems. PENETREX is engineered differently from earlier ROP additives – it is designed to minimize the aggregation of ground solids (shale cuttings) from becoming “balled” on the underside of the drill bit and bottom-hole assembly. A fluid system containing PENETREX promotes hydrophobic coating on both the bit and cuttings. This allows shale cuttings to slip past the bit before sticking together, improving the bit’s cutting efficiency and increasing penetration rates. PENETREX also reduces torque and drag problems in high-angle wells by preferentially coating metal tubulars to resist sticking and improve lubricity. Typical oil- and synthetic-based ROP additives require constant additions due to emulsification resulting in high treatment levels (8-10% by volume). In contrast, PENETREX is engineered to resist chemical emulsification and is

PENETREX NS is another anti-balling additive that can be used to improve rates of penetration in water-based mud systems. PENETREX NS is approved for use in the North Sea and other environmentally sensitive areas.

TERRA-RATE™ TERRA-RATE is an anti-balling, enhancer designed for onshore drilling applications using water-based fluid systems. TERRA-RATE delivers improved ROP and is designed to reduce torque and drag, prevent bit balling, and improve sliding and tool orientation in directional wellbores. TERRA-RATE has also demonstrated an ability to help control API filtration and reduce chemical additions. TERRA-RATE extends the bearing life of motors by providing lubrication and preventing rotors and stators from being clogged by sticky shales.

PDC bit without PENETREX treatment.

PDC bit with PENETREX.

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