Drilling Producing Well

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ASIF ZAMIR Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

What is Oil &Gas Well drilling?

 To bore/drill a hole in the sub‐surface, usually to extract hydrocarbons such as oil and gas. Why is oil & Gas Drilling? Internal

 Drilling is the only way to verify that a petroleum reservoir probably exists, also the only way to get the petroleum from the reservoir.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Introduction 

The story of oil well drilling is started in the 1800s, at the time when people need something better than candle to work and read by.



Responding to the demand for reliable lighting, companies and people started to find and produce oil lamps that were brighter than candles, and the best oil lamps went for petroleum (in the 1854).

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Introduction

Internal



The first well successfully drilled is the Drake Well on 1850s using a Cable Tool Drilling Method which quite different with the nowadays commonly drilling method: The Rotary Drilling Methods.



So, in almost every part in the world, the drilling method goes for the rotary one, and it can be implemented in drilling oil, gas, water, geothermal, petroleum, and mine.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Introduction

Internal



In rotary, we knew about the drilling fluid system (also named for the circulating system), in cable tool, they use a manual system.



Rotary rig doesn’t use cable to suspend the bit in hole, rotary crew members attach the bit to the end of a long string of hollow pipe and it moves in rotary way driven by the rotary table.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Introduction

Internal



Rotary rig uses a bit that isn’t like cable-tool’s chisel bit.



Bit has cones of teeth or other types of cutting devices that penetrate the formation and then scrape or gouge out pieces of it as the rig system rotates the bit.



There are several differences between the rotary drilling and the cable one.



The differences are in the drill bit, the placement of the bits, the way it move, and the use of the drilling fluids.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drilling Rig Components

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drilling Bit

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drill Pipe

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drill Collar

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Casing

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Casing Types

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Casing Sizes

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drill Bit Drilling the Rock Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Sequence of Drilling Complete Internal

Well

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Confirmation of Oil & Gas

Presence using Internal

Well Logs

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Types of Drilling Internal

Rigs

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drilling Rig Components Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Power System 

Provides all the necessary power to carry out the drilling work.



A common drilling rig requires approximately 1000-3000 horse power to maintain the operation.



Power efficiency can be varied from place to place.



Diesel engines (Prime mover): burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main source of power.

Internal



Electrical generators: powered by the diesel engines to provide electrical power.



Mechanical system: driven by electric motors.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Hoisting System

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Circulating System 

It is a system used to circulate drilling fluid down and up the drilling string.



Main functions of the system are:

Internal



To remove drilled cuttings from the borehole



To exert a hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluid entering the borehole.



Drilling fluid is used as a circulation fluid (water + bentonite + weighting material + chemicals).



Main Components : Mud Pumps, Mud Tanks, Shale shaker, Stand Pipe , Rotary Hose, Swivel, desander, desilter, degasser

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Rotary System 

Used to rotate the drilling string and to rotate the drill bit on the bottom of the hole.



The system includes rotary table & Kelly which is a rectangular‐shaped pipe placed in the rotary table.

Major components of rotary system

Internal



Rotary table with Kelly (No longer use in the industry)



Top Drive System

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Rotary System

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Control System

Internal



To guarantee the drilling operation safe and prevent undesirable accident



This equipment is set on the top of the well bore. If there is a sudden pressure change in the well which push the formation fluid up to the surface, BOP will be closed the seal the well from blowout.

Major components of Well Control system –  Blow out preventer (Annular Preventer, Pipe Ram, Blind Ram, Shear Ram) 

Accumulator Unit



Wellhead

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Kick

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Normal Sequence of Drilling Operation

In normal drilling operation, we simply divide the process into several steps. That are :

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Normal Drilling Operation

In normal drilling operation, we simply divide the process into several steps. That are :

Internal



The attachment of the drilling apparatus into the hole.



The drilling process.



Casing and Cementing



The Final Preset Depth Test



Well Completion

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Attachment of the Drilling Apparatus into the hole

Internal



In this phase, the drilling crews place the drill bit, the drill collar, and the drill pipe



Then attach them with kelly and put it on the turn table.



Then we begin to drill the hole.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drilling Process 

The drilling process refers to the drilling itself.



In this phase the drill bit will move in a rotary motions and begin to cuts up the rock formation.



As the drilling progresses, the drilling crews circulate the mud through the pipe in order to push the rock cuttings out of the hole.



This will continue, until the preset depth is being reached.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Casing & Cementing 

When the preset depth is being reached, things we need to do is to run the casing and do the cementing.



The purpose of the casing is to prevent the hole from the collapsing.



To stick the casing with the hole, we use cement.



The cement we use mostly is a portland cement that mixed with some additives and water.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Cementing 

Internal

In the cementing, we know two methods. 

Primary cementing



Squeeze cementing



Both goes hand in hand.



The primary cementing is the first cementing process we perform in the hole (between the outside diameter of the casing and inner diameter of the hole).

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT



After that, we do testing towards the result of the primary cementing process.



The test varies from hardness properties, alignment, and proper sealing.



If the result is good enough.



Then we don’t have to do the squeezing cementing, and if it is bad, then we have to.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Final Preset Depth Test 

Actually in drilling we will do such the same thing repeatedly until we reach the final preset depth.



And when the final preset depth is expected to be reached (usually known from the rock cuttings).



we do 3 kind of tests (may be more) in order to ensure the final well depth.



The tests are: well logging, drill stem testing, and core sampling.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Drill Stem Testing  The drill stem testing purpose is to measure the pressure of the recent depth in the hole by using DST string. Core Sampling

Internal



Core sampling, don’t misunderstood this as mud logging, they are DIFFERENT.



In core sampling or coring, you take the whole long formation from the top into the reservoir using a pipe then you analyzed it, not analyzing the rock cuttings that is being delivered by the drilling mud.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT



After the test done and the results was positive that it is the final depth.



we start doing well completion



This is the one step we do before starting production from well.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Types of Boreholes

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Completion 

We begin the well completion by lowering down the perforation gun, acid treatment and hydraulic fracturing.



however, the above all three methods have the same purpose: to enhance the productivity of our reservoir formation.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Completion 

Internal

In the perforating gun, we will use explosive charges 

To create holes that goes through the casing into the rock formation



So that we can make such a tunnel in the formation in which oil can flow.



We use the acid, when the reservoir formation is mainly limestone.



The acid is sent downhole 

same to make a tunnel, by dissolving the limestone.



If the limestone formation is hard, we add pressure on the acid flow.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Completion



While hydraulic fracturing is being implemented when the reservoir rock is mainly sandstone.



In HF, we use a high enough viscosity fluid that contain proppant that pumped into the reservoir at high pressure to make the flow channel.



The proppant hold the the crack open.

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Completion  A string of tubing is set from the producing zones to the surface/ wellhead 

Communicate reservoir to surface



Provide conduit for fluid to flow to the surface



Control the flow of fluid

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Completion Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Well Completion Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Production

Internal



After the perforation is done, we put the tubing into the borehole as a conduit for oil and gas to flow up the well.



The tubing is being hold by the packers to form a seal between borehole and tubing.



Finally we put a multivalve structure (chrismast tree) at the top of the tubing



the christmas tree allow us to control the flow of the oil and also to make such a great pressure difference between the surface and the reservoir.

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Christmas Tree & Wellhead Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Internal

PCB / PDB 1012- INTRODUCTION TO OIL & GAS INDUSTRY BY . ASIF ZAMIR

SEMESTER- JANUARY 2016