[edited] Sdo_navotas_eng10_m4_v3.with Revision

DIVISION OF NAVOTAS CITY

10 ENGLISH Quarter 2 – Module 4: Formulate Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value

S.Y. 2020-2021 NAVOTAS CITY PHILIPPINES

English – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 4: Formulate Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Analisa I. Panaligan Editor: Maria Corazon C. De Jesus Reviewer: Marco D. Meduranda Illustrator: Layout Artist: Maria Corazon C. De Jesus Management Team: Alejandro G. Ibañez, OIC- Schools Division Superintendent Isabelle S. Sibayan, OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Loida O. Balasa, Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Marco D. Meduranda, Education Program Supervisor in English Grace R. Nieves, EPS In Charge of LRMS Lorena J. Mutas, ADM Coordinator Shirley Eva Marie V. Mangaluz, Librarian II LRMS Vergel Junior C. Eusebio, PDO II LRMS Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Navotas City Office Address: Telefax: E-mail Address:

BES Compound M. Naval St. Sipac-Almacen Navotas City ____________________________________________ 02-8332-77-64 ____________________________________________ [email protected] ____________________________________________

10 ENGLISH Quarter 2 – Module 4: Formulate Claims of Fact, Policy, and Value

Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Formulate claims of fact, policy, and value. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner: Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Formulate claims of fact, policy, and value. This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know

What I Know

What’s In What’s New

What is It

What’s More

What I Have Learned

What I Can Do

Assessment

Additional Activities

Answer Key

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled into process what you learned from the lesson. This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This contains answers to all activities in the module. iii

At the end of this module you will also find: References

This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you win an argument in most logical way and knowing your claim or stand in an issue. The scope of this module permits to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different types of claim; 2. compose an essay using any one of the types of claim; and 3. formulate claims on facts, policy, and value.

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I. Directions: Read each statement carefully then answer the questions given. 1. June, as a reporter was assigned to track the anomalies in the purchase of vaccine for covid 19. What type of claim should he used if he will be writing an article about this issue? A. Claim of fact C. Claim of policy

B. Claim of value D. Claim of cause and effect

2. What type of claim should be used in the statement, “We need to tax alcohol and tobacco more heavily since the use of those products accounts for a disproportionately large fraction of medicare costs. A. Claim of fact C. Claim of policy

B. Claim of value D. Claim of cause and effect

3. Today it’s difficult to find somebody that doesn’t use mobile phone. This little gadget allows us to speak with everybody when we want and from wherever place. It isn’t only used to speak, but also, to send photos, messages or e-mails, to look for on the Internet or even to watch TV programmes. It helps us in difficult situations but to tell the truth we have paid a price for that. We have lost a piece of our freedom. Now we have the obligation to be located for our boss, family ... all the time. There is a big alarm if you don’t answer or return the call immediately. What type of claim is used in the paragraph above? A. Claim of fact B. Claim of value C. Claim of policy D. Claim of cause and effect 4. Because society has redefined the role of a mother to be one who is an important element in the workforce, the loss of the mother in the home has led to the decline of the family unit, and thus, to society. This forfeiture has created a generation for whom social morals and values are not as important as they once were. Perhaps this is due to a working mother being absent from the home where she is unable to personally instill these ethical standards in her children, thus leaving her children to receive their value system from strangers. What type of claim is used in the paragraph above? A. Claim of fact C. Claim of policy

B. Claim of value D. Claim of cause and effect

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5. What type of claim takes a more evaluative position where a writers judges whether something is good or bad or right or wrong? A. Claim of fact B. Claim of value C. Claim of policy D. Claim of cause and effect 6. What do you call a single statement, central argument or thesis statement of the text? A. Claim B. Claim of value C. Claim of policy D. Claim of cause and effect 7. What type of claim centers on a critical analysis of the text, specific as to time, place, people involved, and situation? A. Claim of fact B. Claim of value C. Claim of policy D. Claim of cause and effect 8. What type of claim suggests what should or ought to be done to solve a problem? A. Claim of fact C. Claim of policy

B. Claim of value D. Claim of cause and effect

9. The last reason why you shouldn’t smoke is out of respect for the people around you. When you smoke, you not only harm yourself, but you also harm all the people around you. So you mustn’t be selfish; you should at least avoid smoking in front of people who don’t smoke. Also, many people don’t like the cigarette’s smell, so they won’t enjoy your company. What makes the paragraph above uses the claim of policy? A. It states what should be done by a person who smokes in order not to affect others. B. It states observations on a person who smokes. C. It is states the bad side of smoking. D. It does not present any claim. 10. To sum it up, the following of a certain high-school dress code, such a uniform has many positive aspects to it and can improve the learning experience. Wearing a uniform allows students to feel equality with their schoolmates and be secure that nobody would bully them because their clothes are old or out of fashion. Moreover, it compels students to look for new ways of self-expression and to value other people for their personal qualities instead of for their dress. What makes the paragraph above uses the claim of values? A. It does not present any claim. B. It states the good side of wearing a uniform. C. It enumerates the trends in wearing a uniform. D. It directs what should be done to implement wearing a uniform. Greatly influenced the Philippine culture nowadays. 11. What type of claim is the following sentence: Decreasing carbon dioxide emissions from car exhaust, manufacturing processes, fertilizers, and 3

landfills, while slowing deforestation, may help slow the process of global warming. A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value B. Claim of Policy

12. What type of claim is the following sentence: It’s better to apply good nutritional choices at home than teach them at school, because good nutrition then becomes ingrained in the child’s experience. A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value B. Claim of Policy 13. What type of claim is the following sentence: The city’s board of education should institute an honors program not only for high school students, but for elementary and junior high school students as well. A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value B. Claim of Policy 14. What type of claim is the following sentence: Just as smoking ads have been banned in order to decrease the urge to engage in an unhealthy behavior, soda ads should be banned for the same reason. A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value B. Claim of Policy 15. What type of claim is the following sentence: Vaping can lead to increased blood pressure, lung disease, and insulin resistance. A. Claim of Fact C. Claim of Value B. Claim of Policy

Lesson

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CLAIMS OF FACT, VALUE AND POLICY

A person has always a stand on certain issues or problems and at some point or reason, he would want others to believe on his side, that’s 4

why, arguments do happen. Arguments are reasons given to believe in something and its purpose is to change people’s points of view or to persuade people to a particular action or behavior. In order to persuade the readers, a writer should know his claim or central argument on certain matters.

Directions: Read each statement carefully then identify the explicit and implicit information. 1. Maggie was getting ready to walk to school. She put on her coat and grabbed her backpack. As she was leaving, her mother said, “I love you. Be careful.

2. That Summer the fence that stretch through our town seemed bigger. We lived in a yellow house on one side of it. White people lived on the other. And Mama said, “Don’t climb over that fence when you play.” She said it EXPLICIT INFORMATION: _________________________________________________ IMPLICIT INFORMATION: ________________________________________________ wasn’t.

EXPLICIT INFORMATION: _________________________________________________ 3.

IMPLICIT INFORMATION: ________________________________________________

Tyler overslept and missed his bus. He looked at his alarm clock and it read 8:45 A.M. He was more than 30 minutes late for school. He casually walked to the kitchen and poured himself some cereal. EXPLICIT INFORMATION: _________________________________________________ IMPLICIT INFORMATION: ________________________________________________

Both "explicit" and "implicit" are adjectives, commonly used in English, both in two different contexts. "Explicit" refers to something very exact, very clearly 5

explained in the first place. Secondly, "explicit" can also be used when referring to a very detailed sexual or violent scene, usually in a movie or in a book. The second one, "implicit", might look and sound similar to "explicit", though its meaning has nothing to do with it. "Implicit" is used when referring to something that is not stated directly but is suggested or understood either way.

Notes to the Teacher Ask the learner to provide his/her own notebook for all the activities in the module. You may also ask for a reflection notes to record his or her insights on his or her journey with the module.

Directions: Read the paragraph below then identify the argument of the writer and extract the evidences stated to support his claim. As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources are converted to digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad with an e-reader subscription. However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at much higher instances than reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices excessively also have a higher incidence of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia, shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel tired and my neck hurts. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.

CLAIM:__________________________________________________________

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EVIDENCES: __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Claim is a single statement, central argument or thesis statement of the text. It is what the writer tries to prove in the text by providing details, explanation, and other types of evidence. It persuades, argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests something to a reader who may or may not initially agree with you. There are three types of claim where the writer could use to prove his argument, 1. Claims of fact- center on a critical analysis of the text. It must be specific as to time, place, people involved, and situation. It is a statement that can be proven or verified by observation or research. Examples of claim of fact: “Within ten years, destruction of rain forests will cause hundreds of plant and animal species to become extinct.” The death penalty does not stop the crime. Converting to solar energy can save homeowners money. Obesity causes health problems. 2. Claim of value -takes a more evaluative position where a writers judges whether something is good or bad, right or wrong, just or unjust, ethical or non-ethical, etc. It also states that one thing or idea is better or more desirable than another. Examples: Gay marriage is moral. Capital punishment is unjust. “Requiring community service in high school will produce more communityaware graduates.”

2. Claim of policy - suggests what should or ought to be done to solve a problem. An action must be taken in specific policies propositions will include empowered agencies (any group that has power to make policy), and needs to include the words “should/should not”. Examples:

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“To reduce school violence, more gun and metal detectors should be installed in public schools.” The death penalty should not be approved. Health protocols should be strictly be implemented to slow down the transmission of corona v Structures for Writing Essay 1. Claim of Fact Essays

2. Claim of Value Essay

3. Claim of Policy Essay 8

Directions: Identify what type of claims are the given statements. 1. Gay marriage is immoral. 2. Baguio City is better place for summer vacation than Tagaytay City. 3. The pandemic brought by Covid19 has affected the morale of the Filipinos. 4. The Philippine education is not yet ready for online learning. 5. The Philippine economy has been toppled by the pandemic. 6. The organization structure of Phil health should be revamped. 7. The people should strictly observe the health protocols to avoid transmission. 8. Teens who engage in promiscuous, unprotected sex will develop STDs, become pregnant, and/or contract AIDS. 9. Buying goods from local stores is more economical than buying from department stores. 10. Imposing curfew hours for teens is a good move.

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Directions: Fill in the missing word/s to complete the idea of each statement. 1. In using the claim of __________, the writer states if something is good or bad. 2. Claim is a single statement, ___________________ or thesis statement of the text. It is what the writer tries to prove in the text by providing details, explanation, and other types of evidence. 3. ____________________ suggests what should or ought to be done to solve a problem. 4. ________________ center around a critical analysis of the text. It is a statement that can be proven or verified by observation or research. 5. In order to persuade the reader, the writer must present his _____________ in a logical and convincing way.

Directions: Write an essay using any type of claims. Choose one from the topic below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.    

Grade is not important to be successful. Policy makers should abolish the Child Protection Policy. Cellphones and others’ gadgets are now considered as basic necessities. Body shaming affects the overall being of a person.

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I. Directions: Identify which type of claim the statement is making. Write A for FACT CLAIM; b for VALUE CLAIM; C for POLICY CLAIM.

1. Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to many illnesses. 2. Honesty is the best policy. 3. Television news casting influences the way Americans think about social and political issues. 4. The Study Guide is an excellent tutorial for students preparing to take the examination. 5. To attract more nontraditional students, this college must review and revise its course offerings. 6. The existence of nuclear weapons has prevented the outbreak of World War III. 7. An improved sewer system would solve these flood drainage problems. 8. The Philippines should protect its domestic industries with tariffs and quotas. 9. Obesity can cause heart disease. 10. The 20% of Americans believe that the U.S. has never landed on the moon. 11. Death penalty is against God. 12. Use of traditional medicines is better than taking over the counter drugs. 13. Traditional medicines is popular in rural areas. 14. Traditional medicines should be supported by the government. 15. The government must provide enough funding to ensure the scientific significance of traditional medicines.

Read samples of editorials or argumentative essays. Identify what claim is used by the writer and the evidences used. 11

Assessment 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

What's More

What I Know

1. Claim of value 2. Claim of fact 3. Claim of value 4. Claim of fact 5. Claim of fact 6. Claim of policy

A B B B C C

7. Claim of policy

1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B

8. Claim 12 of fact 9. Claim of value 10. Claim of policy

6. A 7. A

References Online Resources

Brown, Paola.( March 17, 2008). Society begins at home. Retrieved from https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/ArgumentEssay5.pdf . Sept. 12, 2020.

Gray, J.W. (February 12, 2013). Arguments are important. Retrieved from https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2013/02/12/arguments-are-important/. September 12, 2020. Venere, Kenny. May 17, 2016. The importance of argument. Retrieved from https://blog.prepscholar.com/argumentative-essay-examples . September 12, 2020 Villa, Kristine. ( Dec 15, 2018) Identifying explicit and implicit information. Retrieved from https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/57164218b269c42616b6933e/implicit-vs explicit. September . 12, 2020. Implicitvs. Explicit – How to Use Each Correctly retrieved from http://www.enhancemywriting.com/Copyright © 2018 EnhanceMyWriting.com

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Schools Division Office Navotas Learning Resource Management Section Bagumbayan Elementary School Compound M, Naval St., Sipac Almacen, Navotas City Telefax: Email Address:

02-8332-77-64 [email protected] 14