Final Major Project

CHAPTER 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION: For visually impaired people it is difficult to digitally get graphical contents increasingly conveyed through sight. The sense of touch can potentially bridge the gap, as it is crucial in absence of vision for understanding abstract concepts and acquiring information about the surroundings. Examples are learning at school and developing mental maps in orientation and mobility daily tasks. However, available touch screens have limited or no tactile feedback at all. The potential and the market of tactile displays are largely unexploited, although there is a clear demand from users: these devices need to become more versatile, cheaper, portable and socially acceptable. This project has made graphical contents accessible through touch by building and field-testing a Personal Assistive Device for BLIND and visually impaired people (DIGITALEYE). It puts veridical touch-based information into the hands of users, exploiting and enhancing their residual sensory abilities. The DIGITALEYE has explored several technologies, compared in terms of actuation force, resolution, safety, power consumption and reliability. By adopting a user-centred approach within an accessible and usable ecosystem, we have assessed, with serious games, how the DIGITALEYE can help visually impaired people in two paramount use cases: touch-based learning of symbolic content at school age; orientation and mobility skills indoor. We have shown that our programmable tactile display increases, in persons with sensory deficits, the spatial working memory, the mathematical abilities, the capacity to find one’s own position in an unknown space and spatial knowledge in general, beyond current rehabilitation protocols.

Figure.1. Architecture Diagram.

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Gui: - It is the actual interface through which the user can interact with the application the concept of voice recognition.

using

Voice Recognition: -This module used for take the input speak by user as a command and transferred it to the TTS Engine for further processing Tts Engine: -This module converts the voice command taken as input to the text form and this text value is processed by the system to take an appropriate action Database Manager: -This module is a small database present inside the android system itself and named as sqlite database. In this database we are actually storing some pre defined commands to perform the specified action

1.2 OBJECTIVE: The project has the following Main Objective are: 0) 1) 2)

To make the life of visually impaired less challenging. Techniques for helping the blind persons. Make them able to do certain type of tasks themselves and thus reducing the burden on their family members for their care. 3) Making the software in such a way that the end user doe s not faces any type of difficulty to run it manually 4) Making the visually impaired persons more self dependent 5) Reduced dependency on others.

1.3 STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM DigitalEye will be a personal, portable and cheap solution to improve knowledge and independence, thus increasing chances of employment, of social inclusion and, ultimately, of a better quality of life. Its implementation and impact cut across several fields, disciplines and businesses across the globe. Nevertheless, DigitalEye has been bedevilled by certain obstacles, the goal of this research study is to discern the factors affecting performance and provide some solutions or guidelines to cloud users that might run into performance problems: 1. The novelty of this proposal is the construction around users’ needs of the first, truly personalised and portable tactile display 2. Ability to transform data from diverse sources into intelligence and deliver intelligence information to right users and systems. 3. Blind people need to use the residual sense of touch to understand information, something already achieved for digital text 4. .To learn graphical concepts, visually impaired people are generally forced to use large sheets of swelled paper, bulky or heavy physical three-dimensional models

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1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW: Visually impaired persons, especially children, are locked out from digital information and communication because technologies are heavily oriented to visual user interfaces and provide increasing amounts of information graphically. Blind people need to use the residual sense of touch to understand information, something already achieved for digital text – thanks to Braille – but not at all achieved for graphics. Therefore, the need of achievable tactile technologies facilitating their better inclusion into modern society and work becomes very important. Fabricating a tactile tablet for blind persons has been a challenge for decades: the idea being that of transforming a visual concept into a tactile representation is well known as ‘sensory substitution’. Much like ‘pixels’, one digital image can be formed by a grid of small tactile pins (‘taxels’) that can be programmed to be ‘up’ or ‘down’, therefore forming a bas-relief that can be sensed and understood with the hands. However, making a dense array of taxels with sufficient force and displacement to be easily felt by any user, and that is also low power, fast and compact is a major technological challenge. Due to the complexity of drive electronics or the lack of performance of actuators, none of previous technological solutions were shown to be scalable, have sufficient performance, and be portable. Studies on the security of the data storage have witnessed numerous research publications most recently. It is important to strengthen cloud storage security to adhere to Service Level Agreement (SLA). Notable work done by Popa et al. has emphasized on the SLA by introducing a framework called as Cloud Proof. The framework allows the customer to identify the various forms of violations towards data integrity on To reach this goal, we decided that this portable stimulator might have the form factor of a tablet, thus suitable for interaction with tactile objects using few fingers up to two hands. The microactuated personal assistive device proposed, called BlindPAD (Personal Assistive Device for BLIND and visually impaired subjects), allows the dynamic control of the tactile information by virtue of an electronic board, wirelessly connectable to standard mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones.

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CHAPTER 2 REASERCH METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMETATION METHOD 2.1 Development Phases: Step 1: Launching Module In this module, we are going to launch the main page of the app. The main feature here is that we do not need to tap on the icon of the app to launch the app Instead of this we only need to shake the app in horizontal direction and the app automatically open up. Step 2: Help Section This section consist of a no of commands that the app can take as input to perform the particular task. We just have to say that the command related to the particular task and the app after processing the input give the output response in quick interval of time. Step 3: Module Selection Here the modules are divided into a no of field. It is because there are multiple function that can be handled by the visually impaired users. So this app can help them to achieve self dependency. The main modules of this app is calling, knowing the exact location and also sending messages and listening musics Homepage will show list of files uploaded by user from user specific directory. In proposed system, we use data list to show file list. File class to get folder and file details like file name, file size. On Saying “Play Music”, It play the music in the music directory On Saying “Emergency”, it sends the absolute location to the emergency no added to it Step 4: Input Command Processing module It actually a voice based app so that it can only work upon the voice input provided by the users. When the user provide the input in the form of voice, the TTS engine acts accordingly and gives an accurate response Step 5: Response module In It is the final phase of the system which is basically the output generated for a particular command. The api used processed the data and generate the output

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Advantages: Easy to Use. User Friendly. Launch on Shake. Voice based only No Buttons Efficiency.

2.2 Scope: With the advancement of technology, a common Android smartphone equipped with specific applications can aid visually impaired and blind people in functioning. Here are some of the best applications that are tailor-made for visually impaired persons. The app runs on any Android phone, and it is cheaper than those expensive item readers out there on the market. The app is simple to use and all it needs is for the user to take a picture and let the app do its magic. ScanLife Barcode and QR Reader can read UPC and QR codes. Once a code is scanned, the app reads the embedded string as a QR code.

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CHAPTER 3 3.1 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE TOOL TO BE USED: HARDWARE TOOL TO BE USED (Min Requirement): • • • • • •

PC preferably running window 10 Android Smart Phone (API >= 19) PROCESSOR :64 BIT, I-3 RAM : 4GB HARD DISK : 500GB CLOCK SPEED : 266MH

SOFTWARE TOOL TO BE USED: 1 JDK :

The Java Development Kit (JDK) is an implementation of either one of the Java Platform, Standard Edition, Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, or Java Platform, Micro Edition Platforms released by Oracle Corporation in the form of a binary product aimed at Java developers on Solaris, Linux, macOS or Windows. The JDK includes a private JVM and a few other resources to finish the development of a Java Application. Since the introduction of the Java platform, it has been by far the most widely used Software Development Kit (SDK).[citation needed] On 17 November 2006, Sun announced that they would release it under the GNU General Public License (GPL), thus making it free software. This happened in large part on 8 May 2007, when Sun contributed the source code to the OpenJDK. 2. Android Studio : Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA . On top of IntelliJ's powerful code editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers even more features that enhance your productivity when building Android apps, such as: A flexible Gradle-based build system A fast and feature-rich emulator A unified environment where you can develop for all Android devices Instant Run to push changes to your running app without building a new APK Code templates and GitHub integration to help you build common app features and import sample code Extensive testing tools and frameworks Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility, and other problems C++ and NDK support

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3. XML : XML data is known as self-describing or self-defining, meaning that the structure of the data is embedded with the data, thus when the data arrives there is no need to pre-build the structure to store the data; it is dynamically understood within the XML. The XML format can be used by any individual or group of individuals or companies that want to share information in a consistent way. XML is actually a simpler and easier-to-use subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which is the standard to create a document structure. The basic building block of an XML document is an element, defined by tags. An element has a beginning and an ending tag. All elements in an XML document are contained in an outermost element known as the root element. XML can also support nested elements, or elements within elements. This ability allows XML to support hierarchical structures. Element names describe the content of the element, and the structure describes the relationship between the elements. An XML document is considered to be "well formed" (that is, able to be read and understood by an XML parser) if its format complies with the XML specification, if it is properly marked up, and if elements are properly nested. XML also supports the ability to define attributes for elements and describe characteristics of the elements in the beginning tag of an element. The XML format can be used by any individual or group of individuals or companies that want to share information in a consistent way. XML is actually a simpler and easier-to-use subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), which is the standard to create a document structure. The basic building block of an XML document is an element, defined by tags. An element has a beginning and an ending tag. All elements in an XML document are contained in an outermost element known as the root element. XML can also support nested elements, or elements within elements. This ability allows XML to support hierarchical structures. Element names describe the content of the element, and the structure describes the relationship between the elements. A unified environment where you can develop for all Android devices Instant Run to push changes to your running app without building a new APK Code templates and GitHub integration to help you build common app features and import sample code Extensive testing tools and frameworks

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3.2 SPEECH RECOGNITION ENGINE: Speech recognition is the interdisciplinary subfield of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers. It is also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR), computer speech recognition or speech to text (STT). It incorporates knowledge and research in the linguistics, computer science, and electrical engineering fields. Some speech recognition systems require "training" (also called "enrollment") where an individual speaker reads text or isolated vocabulary into the system. The system analyzes the person's specific voice and uses it to fine-tune the recognition of that person's speech, resulting in increased accuracy. Systems that do not use training are called "speaker independent systems. Systems that use training are called "speaker dependent". Speech recognition applications include voice user interfaces such as voice dialing (e.g. "call home"), call routing (e.g. "I would like to make a collect call"), domotic appliance control, search (e.g. find a podcast where particular words were spoken), simple data entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), preparation of structured documents (e.g. a radiology report), determining speaker characteristics, speech-to-text processing (e.g., word processors or emails), and aircraft (usually termed direct voice input). The term voice recognition or speaker identification refers to identifying the speaker, rather than what they are saying. Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech in systems that have been trained on a specific person's voice or it can be used to authenticate or verify the identity of a speaker as part of a security process. From the technology perspective, speech recognition has a long history with several waves of major innovations. Most recently, the field has benefited from advances in deep learning and big data. The advances are evidenced not only by the surge of academic papers published in the field, but more importantly by the worldwide industry adoption of a variety of deep learning methods in designing and deploying speech recognition systems.

Figure.2. Voice Assistant Flow Diagram.

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3.3 COMPONENTS OF ENGINE: Speech Recognition System ('SRS') on a desktop computer does what a typical user of speech recognition would expect it to do: you speak a command into your microphone and the computer does something, or you dictate something to the computer and it types it out the corresponding text on your screen. An SRS typically includes a Speech Recognition Engine and a Dialog Manager

3.3.1 Language Model or Grammar: Generally confidential information will be illicitly accessed attributable to lack of secured information access management. Language Models contain a very large list of words and their probability of occurrence in a given sequence. They are used in dictation applications. Grammars are a much smaller file containing sets of predefined combinations of words. Grammars are used in IVR or desktop Command and Control applications. Each word in a Language Model or Grammar has an associated list of phonemes (which correspond to the distinct sounds that make up a word). This model applications include voice user interfaces such as voice dialing (e.g. "call home"), call routing (e.g. "I would like to make a collect call"), domotic appliance control, search (e.g. find a podcast where particular words were spoken), simple data entry (e.g., entering a credit card number), preparation of structured documents (e.g. a radiology report), determining speaker characteristics, speech-to-text processing (e.g., word processors or emails), and aircraft (usually termed direct voice input). The term voice recognition or speaker identification refers to identifying the speaker, rather than what they are saying. Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech in systems that have been trained on a specific person's voice or it can be used to authenticate or verify the identity of a speaker as part of a security process.

3.3.2 Acoustic Model : Data integrity includes the subsequent cases, once some human error occurs once information is entered. Errors might occur once information is transmitted from one laptop to another; Contains a statistical representation of the distinct sounds that make up each word in the Language Model or Grammar. Each distinct sound corresponds to a phoneme. Here the modules are divided into a no of field. It is because there are multiple function that can be handled by the visually impaired users. So this app can help them to achieve self dependency. The main modules of this app is calling, knowing the exact location and also sending messages and listening musics Homepage will show list of files uploaded by user from user specific directory. In proposed system, we use data list to show file list. File class to get folder and file details like file name, file size.

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3.3.3 Decoder: Software program that takes the sounds spoken by a user and searches the Acoustic Model for the equivalent sounds. When a match is made, the Decoder determines the phoneme corresponding to the sound. It keeps track of the matching phonemes until it reaches a pause in the users speech. It then searches the Language Model or Grammar file for the equivalent series of phonemes. If a match is made it returns the text of the corresponding word or phrase to the calling program. . Speech Recognition System ('SRS') on a desktop computer does what a typical user of speech recognition would expect it to do: you speak a command into your microphone and the computer does something, or you dictate something to the computer and it types it out the corresponding text on your screen. An SRS typically includes a Speech Recognition Engine and a Dialog Manager

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CHAPTER 4 4.1 FLOW CHART:

Figure.3. Flow Chart Diagram.

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4.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM: The Data flow diagram can be explained as the separate levels indicating the individual complexity in each level of the system and gives a detailed explanation in the further levels that are following them. 4.2.1 Level 0 Initially in the first level of the Data flow the level 0 explains the basic outline of the system. The end-user sends the packets to the system to determine the source and destination address. The diagram marked as the 0 represents the complete Packet watching system which simply represents the basic operation that is being performed by it in the initial level.

Figure.4. Level 0 Diagram. 4.2.2 Level 1 The level 1 of the Data flow diagram given explains in detail about the Packet watching system which was marked as 0 in the previous level. In this level the end-user who passes the request for the system enters into the first process, the capturing process and then to the processing module. After processing the packets, it was sent for storing.

Figure.5. Level 1 Diagram. 12

4.2.3 Level 2 The level 2 provides the clear explanation about the whole system. In this level first we have to select the packet and perform test over that selected packets. Then identify the end address of the packet and send that packet for processing. After processing the packet it was send to the identity content. Then send the processed packet for storing and display the source and destination addresses.

Figure.6. Level 2 Diagram

4.3 FUTURE SCOPE OF ENHANCEMENT: With the advancement of technology, a common Android smartphone equipped with specific applications can aid visually impaired and blind people in functioning. Here are some of the best applications that are tailor-made for visually impaired persons. The app runs on any Android phone, and it is cheaper than those expensive item readers out there on the market. The app is simple to use and all it needs is for the user to take a picture and let the app do its magic. ScanLife Barcode and QR Reader can read UPC and QR codes. Once a code is scanned, the app reads the embedded string as a QR code. Android phone, and it is cheaper than those expensive item readers out there on the market. The app is simple to use and all it needs is for the user to take a picture and let the app do its magic. ScanLife Barcode and QR Reader can read UPC and QR codes. Once a code is scanned, the app reads the embedded string as a QR code

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4.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM:

Figure.7. Use Diagram

4.4 ER DIAGRAM:

Figure.8. ER Diagram. 14

4.5 Challenges Faced by Visually Impaired One’s

People who are completely blind or have impaired vision usually have a difficult time navigating outside the spaces that they're accustomed to. In fact, physical movement is one of the biggest challenges for blind people, explains World Access for the Blind. Traveling or merely walking down a crowded street can be challenging. Because of this, many people with low vision will prefer to travel with a sighted friend or family member when navigating unfamiliar places. Also, blind people must memorize the location of every obstacle or item in their home environment. Objects like beds, tables and chairs must not be moved without warning to prevent accidents. If a blind person lives with others, each member of the household has to be diligently about keeping walkways clear and all items in their designated locations. Blindness can cause significant social challenges, typically because there are activities in which blind people can't easily participate. Frequently, blindness impacts a person's ability to perform many job functions, which can limit their career options, according to the World Health Organization. This may adversely affect their finances, and their self esteem. Blindness may also cause difficulties when participating in activities outside of the workplace, such as sports and recreational activities. This can limit the blind person's ability to socialize and meet new people, affecting their emotional health. For example, someone who is blind can't directly read the information on a web page. Total blindness can make it necessary to rely on screen reading software to have the information read as audio. This can make surfing the web a slow and cumbersome process. Instead of seeing a picture, someone who is blind must rely on a description of what the picture shows. Even those who, although not completely blind, have extremely poor vision, may have difficulty with small fonts, interpreting icons and perceiving the colors used by many sites, according to the University of Wisconsin. People who have very poor vision will typically need special equipment or software that can enlarge screen images, so they're easier to see

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4.6 Technologies as a Boon for Blind Technology, and the expanding digital world, has made it possible for persons with visual impairment to cross the boundaries of confinement and enter the mainstream. Access to assistive technology-enabled devices and the internet makes it possible for blind people to function independently and avail various services on their own. It also opens up a huge arena of employment opportunities for them. With voice-over-enabled smart phones, screen readercompatible computers, audio books, etc., blind people find themselves capable of coping with sighted peers. There are several accessible apps that are making lives easier for blind people. For instance, the Uber app enables a blind person to independently hail a cab. The Paytm app allows him/her to make the payment to the Uber cab driver, or any other vendor who accepts digital payments. Similarly, the ICICI net banking app lets blind people access internet banking on their phones or computers. Twitter and Facebook apps are making it easy for people with visual impairment to access social media accounts. Apart from apps, technological innovations like screen readers, OCR (Optical Character Recognition) devices, magnifiers, etc. also open possibilities of digital inclusion. Today, there are successful blind professionals working in IT, banking, hospitality, legal, human resources, and accounting streams. They are able to perform their respective job functions independently with the aid of assistive technology. When it comes to accessing financial services, or booking travel and transport, one cannot expect them to depend on their sighted counterparts. Accessibility through various services and apps can enable them to function on their own, leaving them feeling empowered. Service providers and the government need to take into account the varied needs of persons with visual impairment. Issues should be addressed and accommodated at the inception stage, rather than being added later as retrofitting. If programmes, schemes, and initiatives are designed keeping in mind the visually impaired population, barriers could almost cease to exist. Let’s take the recent example of the demonetization drive. Demonetization has made room for a new digital cashless economy. This involves payments and transactions through e-wallets, internet banking, debit and credit cards, and so on. The Bhim app is being heavily promoted by the government for financial transactions, but it has a lot of accessibility challenges from a blind person’s perspective.

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4.7 Scope of Further Improvement In the era of scientific revolutions, every now and then new innovations take place. These innovations aim to find alternatives to the existing resources or to ensure the survival of human beings on Earth. These inventions have raised standards of living. Therefore, they are regarded as boons to the society. On the other hand, these innovations bring with them potential dangers to the survival of human beings. Therefore, some also consider them a bane. For the last several centuries, living standards and the lifestyle of the people have changed dramatically. Not only utilities for daily use but, also, modes of communication have changed. In the wider phenomenon of change, a small section of the population, which is that of visually impaired persons, has benefited a lot. These innovations have brought a radical change in their lives. Barely two to three decades back, blind persons were totally dependent on the Braille script. They pursued their education using either Braille slates or ‘braillers’ (typewriters for typing in the Braille script). At that time, reading and writing activities were tedious and used to consume a lot of time. But, with the help of technology, this situation has changed to a great extent. Now, sophisticated machinery and advanced technology has changed the scenario and has assisted in making the environment more accessible for the visually impaired. If I may share my own experience after the loss of my vision, when I took admission at a special school in Dehradun in the year 1997, devices like tape recorders assisted me a lot in my studies. I also lost one of my hands (unfortunately, my right, and dominant, hand) in an accident in the year 1995. I could no longer manage to read and write in the Braille script smoothly. Ultimately, I was compelled to totally depend on audio devices. As I was not efficient in writing in the Braille script now, I used to take my examination verbally. Another, facility which helped me a lot during those days in my studies was the reader facility. With the development of technology, a new type of recorder, which was known by the name of ‘pocket recorder’ for recording purposes, was developed. This device assisted me in my studies up to the time when I reached graduation. Slowly and gradually, with advancement in technology, certain screen reading software for computers, mp3 devices for recording purposes, scanners and so on have been innovated which have met my educational requirements to a great extent. One need not look any further than three to four decades back to discover that there were no such accessible platforms and applications available such as Facebook or WhatsApp. These social media today have provided spaces and tools to visually impaired persons which they can use to express their views and easily connect with one another

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4.8 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Figure.9. Sequence Diagram

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CHAPTER 5 OFFICIAL REQUIREMENT 5.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT : These are the necessary task which should be executed in order to accomplished the given goal. The proposed system is able to perform : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

To make the life of visually impaired less challenging by using the advancement in the technology. Techniques for helping the blind persons by using the one of the most usable platfoem of the world none other than android system. Make them able to do certain type of tasks themselves and thus reducing the burden on their family members for their care. Making the software in such a way that the end user does not faces any type of difficulty to run it manually and the interface does not require keyboard input from the user. Making the visually impaired persons more self dependent because the user can know about the current time as well as read and send messages and email and also can call to someone with the help of inbuilt voice assistant in the proposed application Reduced dependency on others.

5.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT : 1) Processor with minimum speed of 2.1 GHz 2) A Windows operated Laptop with RAM at least 4GB 3) Visual Display Unit 800 * 600 color

5.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT : 1) Operating System : Windows 10 2) Android Studio 3) Java 1.8 4) Notepad

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5.4 TOOLS & TECHNOLOGY USED : Java Development Kit : The Java Development Kit (JDK) is one of three core technology packages used in Java programming, along with the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) and the JRE (Java Runtime Environment). It's important to differentiate between these three technologies, as well as understanding how they're connected:   

The JVM is the Java platform component that executes programs. The JRE is the on-disk part of Java that creates the JVM. The JDK allows developers to create Java programs that can be executed and run by the JVM and JRE.

Developers new to Java often confuse the Java Development Kit and the Java Runtime Environment. The distinction is that the JDK is a package of tools for developing Java-based software, whereas the JRE is a package of tools for running Java code. The JRE can be used as a standalone component to simply run Java programs, but it's also part of the JDK. The JDK requires a JRE because running Java programs is part of developing them.

Figure.10. JDK Enviromen

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· JDK – Java Development Kit (in short JDK) is Kit which provides the environment to develop and execute(run) the Java program. JDK is a kit(or package) which includes two things 1. Development Tools(to provide an environment to develop your java programs) 2. JRE (to execute your java program). Note : JDK is only used by Java Developers. · JRE – Java Runtime Environment (to say JRE) is an installation package which provides environment to only run(not develop) the java program(or application)onto your machine. JRE is only used by them who only wants to run the Java Programs i.e. end users of your system. · JVM – Java Virtual machine(JVM) is a very important part of both JDK and JRE because it is contained or inbuilt in both. Whatever Java program you run using JRE or JDK goes into JVM and JVM is responsible for executing the java program line by line hence it is also known as interpreter.

Figure.11. JDK Block Diagram

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ANDROID STUDIO : Android Studio is the official IDE for Android application development, based on IntelliJ IDEA. On top of the capabilities you expect from IntelliJ, Android Studio offers:        

Flexible Gradle-based build system Build variants and multiple apk file generation Code templates to help you build common app features Rich layout editor with support for drag and drop theme editing Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility, and other problems ProGuard and app-signing capabilities Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform, making it easy to integrate Google Cloud Messaging and App Engine And much more

Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Android app development, based on IntelliJ IDEA . On top of IntelliJ's powerful code editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers even more features that enhance your productivity when building Android apps, such as: A flexible Gradle-based build system A fast and feature-rich emulator A unified environment where you can develop for all Android devices Instant Run to push changes to your running app without building a new APK Code templates and GitHub integration to help you build common app features and import sample code Extensive testing tools and frameworks Lint tools to catch performance, usability, version compatibility, and other problems C++ and NDK support Developers new to Java often confuse the Java Development Kit and the Java Runtime Environment. The distinction is that the JDK is a package of tools for developing Java-based software, whereas the JRE is a package of tools for running Java code. The JRE can be used as a standalone component to simply run Java programs, but it's also part of the JDK. The JDK requires a JRE because running Java programs is part of developing them.

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XML : XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. It is a text-based markup language derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). XML tags identify the data and are used to store and organize the data, rather than specifying how to display it like HTML tags, which are used to display the data. XML is not going to replace HTML in the near future, but it introduces new possibilities by adopting many successful features of HTML. There are three important characteristics of XML that make it useful in a variety of systems and solutions − XML is extensible − XML allows you to create your own self-descriptive tags, or language, that suits your application. XML carries the data, does not present it − XML allows you to store the data irrespective of how it will be presented. XML is a public standard − XML was developed by an organization called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is available as an open standard.

XML is a markup language that defines set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. So what exactly is a markup language? Markup is information added to a document that enhances its meaning in certain ways, in that it identifies the parts and how they relate to each other. More specifically, a markup language is a set of symbols that can be placed in the text of a document to demarcate and label the parts of that document.

XML tags identify the data and are used to store and organize the data, rather than specifying how to display it like HTML tags, which are used to display the data. XML is not going to replace HTML in the near future, but it introduces new possibilities by adopting many successful features of HTML.

OPEN LIBRARIES : A software library generally consists of pre-written code, classes, procedures, scripts, configuration data and more. Typically, a developer might manually add a software library to a program to achieve more functionality or to automate a process without writing code for it. For example, when developing a mathematical program or application, a developer may add a mathematics software library to the program to eliminate the need for writing complex functions. All of the available functions within a software library can just be called/used within the program body without defining them explicitly. Similarly, a compiler might automatically add a related software library to a program on run time.

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Types of Library Software Packages: The computer cannot do anything without some programme or instruction or software. Unlike the hardware, software cannot be touched but it instructs the computer what to do in a particular situation. Any type of computer programme designed to perform some kind of library activities is known as library software. It may be a simple programme to perform the job of acquisition or cataloguing or integrated library management software that will perform the job of acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serial control and others. It may also be digital library management software which will manage the digital resources of the library or some other types, say a Learning Management System or Content Management System, etc. There are different library software packages, and each of them has different functionability. The amalgamation of features adds a lot of difficulties in categorizing the library software packages. However for the purpose of our study, an attempt is made to categorize the library software packages into the following: A) Based on Function Performed a) Database Creation Software (E.g CDS/ISIS) b) Library House Keeping / Management Software Packages (Libsys, OASIS, Sanjay, SLIM, SOUL) c) Institutional Repository Software Packages (CDSWare, Dspace, E-prints, Fedora, Ganesha digital library, Greenstone) B) Based on Source Code Availability a) Proprietary software (SOUL) b) Open Source Software Packages (Koha) C) Based on Cost Factor a) Completely Commercial (LibSys) b) In-house Developed; c) Shareware d) Freeware (Gratis / Libre software) e) Open Source Software

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CHAPTER 6 SCREENSHOTS: Below is the series of the screenshots which depict the virtual working of data security by spliting and merging.

•

This is the Splash Screen of Our App

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This is the main page of our app where the user give command to perform a specific action

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• Now This is the code for all predefined command

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Now Here we can knew about the current location

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• After that here are some other screen-shots of our app

Figure17. Output Screen-(i).

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Figure18. Output Screen(ii).

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CHAPTER 7 GANTT CHART A Gantt chart shows all the activities of a project and their duration as a bar chart, with the timescale at the top or bottom. The activities are placed on the bar chart in sequence, starting in the top left-hand corner, and following their precedence rules. The column named Predecessors indicates the immediate predecessors of each activity. The activity bars can be connected to earlier and later activities with arrows, to show their dependency on each other. A Gantt chart is often the tool a project manager uses to make a rough estimate of the time that it will take to complete the activities and the whole project. Sometimes it is useful to start by working back from the target deadline for completion of the whole project. In this way, it soon becomes apparent if the timescale is too short or unnecessarily long. As well as showing activities, you can use a Gantt chart to indicate milestones and deliverables at key points on the chart. This practice is quite common and shows how activities lead to the creation of deliverables and the achievement of milestones. In many cases, the possibility of representing deliverables and milestones depends on the tool used to create the Gantt diagram.

Figure.19. GANTT CHART

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CONCLUSION Visually impaired persons, especially children, are locked out from digital information and communication because technologies are heavily oriented to visual user interfaces and provide increasing amounts of information graphically. Blind people need to use the residual sense of touch to understand information, something already achieved for digital text – thanks to Braille – but not at all achieved for graphics. Therefore, the need of achievable tactile technologies facilitating their better inclusion into modern society and work becomes very important. Fabricating a tactile tablet for blind persons has been a challenge for decades: the idea being that of transforming a visual concept into a tactile representation is well known as ‘sensory substitution’. Much like ‘pixels’, one digital image can be formed by a grid of small tactile pins (‘taxels’) that can be programmed to be ‘up’ or ‘down’, therefore forming a bas-relief that can be sensed and understood with the hands. However, making a dense array of taxels with sufficient force and displacement to be easily felt by any user, and that is also low power, fast and compact is a major technological challenge. Due to the complexity of drive electronics or the lack of performance of actuators, none of previous technological solutions were shown to be scalable, have sufficient performance, and be portable. Studies on the security of the data storage have witnessed numerous research publications most recently. It is important to strengthen cloud storage security to adhere to Service Level Agreement (SLA). Notable work done by Popa et al. has emphasized on the SLA by introducing a framework called as Cloud Proof. The framework allows the customer to identify the various forms of violations towards data integrity on

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REFERENCES [1] G.R. Vijay, A.R.M. Reddy, “Android MVP Course. Learn MVP in the simplest way”, Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Vol.5, No.7, 2014’ [2] Herbert Schilde, “Java the complete reference, Ninth Edition”, Special Publication, pp. 800-145, 2011. [3] A. J. Adoga, G. M. Rabiu, A. A. Audu, “Criteria for Choosing An Effective screen layout for the android mobile applicationr”, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Vol.04, Iss.2, 2014\ [4] "Google unveils Android Instant Apps that launch immediately, no installation required". VentureBeat. Retrieved 2016-08-18

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