Fire Alarm Final

PLAGIARISM If any kind of plagiarism is found in my project, then I can accept and face the consequences of plagiarism. All the process and results of this project are of my own idea and research survey. Also, the reports of this project consist some paraphrases, definition and few header library files are extracted from other sources which are properly cited as per the referencing techniques defined.

Student Name: Samir Karki

Date: ……

Abstract Security and automation is the major concern in our day to day life. The approach to home and industrial automation and security system design is almost standardized nowadays. This paper describes the design of a home fire alarm and notifying the unauthorized person getting inside the home with Arduino-based system by means of GSM. The main objective of this project is the house safety where the main point is to avoid the fire which may occur accidently and another point is being aware of thief or any unauthorized person, which may get inside without any notice and can harm the residents and the properties. The project uses the Arduino Uno board in conjunction with ATmega328 chip, flame sensor, GSM module SIM900A, a magnetic door reed switch and buzzer. ATmega328 chip controls all the input/output command. A flame sensor is used to detect the flame or heat from the fire while a magnetic reed switch detects the opening of door. When the system detects the fire and opening of the door, it will immediately produce an alarm sound though buzzer and a short message will be sent to the user via short message service (SMS) through GSM module SIM900A. This report includes the components used for the fire alarm and intrusion detection system and describes the process of system briefly with the help of block diagram and flow chart. This report consists mainly Eight Chapters starting with Introduction and ending with conclusion chapter. Results and process are documented and discussed in this report. Through this system, it can help users to improve their safety standards by having immediate response in preventing accidents. This will certainly allow the users to protect their lives and the properties as well from the disaster.

Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to extend my acknowledgement to London Metropolitan University, Islington College and Department of BSc (Hons) in Networking and IT security for giving me the opportunity to design a project based on the knowledge that I have gained throughout my academic session and the project is titled as “Fire alarm and Intrusion Detection System”. I would like to thank my first project supervisor, Mr. Bijay Limbu Sanihang as well as second supervisor Mr. Bikash Bhattrai, for their guidance, support and supervision that helped substantially and led me to complete this project successfully in a required time. I would also like to profoundly acknowledge the support of Mr. Ashok Dhungana and Mr. Saroj Lamichhane, for their guidance and support as well as for their constructive criticisms that lead me in making this project more efficient and presentable and for the instructions that were necessary in building the complete framework of this project. The knowledge and research abilities I gain from this project will certainly put me on a good track to further broaden my horizon pertaining to my field of knowledge

Contents 1.

2.

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................7 1.1.

Subject Matter:..................................................................................................................7

1.2.

Problem Domain:..............................................................................................................8

1.3.

Project as a Solution:.........................................................................................................8

1.4.

Current Scenario...............................................................................................................9

1.5.

Aims and Objectives.........................................................................................................9

1.5.1.

Aims:..........................................................................................................................9

1.5.2.

Objectives:.................................................................................................................9

1.6.

Survey.............................................................................................................................10

1.7.

Report Structure:.............................................................................................................10

1.7.1.

Background Study...................................................................................................10

1.7.2.

Initial Designs..........................................................................................................10

1.7.3.

Implementation:.......................................................................................................10

1.7.4.

Analysis and Review...............................................................................................10

1.7.5.

Conclusion and Further Enhancements...................................................................10

1.7.6.

References................................................................................................................11

BACKGROUND STUDY.....................................................................................................11 2.1.

Overview.........................................................................................................................11

2.2.

Similar Projects...............................................................................................................11

2.2.1. Design of an Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM module and LM35 Temperature Sensor:..............................................................................................................12 2.2.2.

IOT based Fire Alerting System Project..................................................................13

2.3.3. Fire Detection in Home Automation with Arduino using IOT....................................14 2.2.4. Door Access System- Arduino Based..........................................................................14 2.3.

Comparison Table...........................................................................................................15

IOT based Fire Alerting System Project................................................................................15 Fire Detection in Home Automation with Arduino using IOT..............................................15 2.4.

3.

Technicality of the Project..............................................................................................15

2.4.1.

Arduino integrated development environment (IDE)..............................................15

2.4.2.

C/C++......................................................................................................................16

DEVELOPMENT..................................................................................................................17

3.1.

Development Consideration............................................................................................17

3.2.

Methodology Consideration............................................................................................18

3.2.1.

V-Model...................................................................................................................18

3.2.2.

Incremental Methodology.....................................................................................19

3.3.

Selected Methodology- Incremental Prototyping Model................................................20

3.3.1. 3.4.

4.

Feasibility Study.............................................................................................................21

3.4.1.

Economic Aspects..................................................................................................21

3.4.2.

Time Pont of View.................................................................................................22

3.5.

WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE.........................................................................22

3.6.

GHANTT CHART..........................................................................................................22

3.7.

MoSCoW PRIORITIZATION........................................................................................22

3.8.

Survey.............................................................................................................................23

PROJECT PROGRESS.........................................................................................................23 4.1.

System Design.................................................................................................................23

4.1.1.

Hardware Architecture.........................................................................................24

4.2.

Block Diagram:...............................................................................................................29

4.3.

Flow Chart.......................................................................................................................30

4.3.1.

Fire Alert System.....................................................................................................30

4.3.2.

Intrusion Detection System......................................................................................32

4.4.

System Design and Connection......................................................................................33

4.4.1.

Interfacing of Magnetic door switch with Arduino.................................................33

4.4.2.

Interfacing of Flame Sensor with Arduino..............................................................34

4.4.3.

Interfacing of GSM with Arduino...........................................................................36

4.4.4.

Interfacing buzzer with arduino...............................................................................37

4.4.5.

Overall System.........................................................................................................38

4.5.

Settings/Configuration....................................................................................................38

4.5.1. 5.

Stages of the Model................................................................................................20

Arduino IDE............................................................................................................38

Testing and Result Analysis..................................................................................................39 5.1.

Testing.............................................................................................................................39

5.2.

Test Plan..........................................................................................................................39

5.3.

Testing Result.................................................................................................................39

Test case 1:............................................................................................................................39 6.

ANALYSIS AND REVIEW.................................................................................................42 6.1.

6.1.1.

Strength....................................................................................................................42

6.1.2.

Weakness.................................................................................................................42

6.1.3.

Opportunity..............................................................................................................42

6.1.4.

Threat.......................................................................................................................42

6.2. 7.

8.

SWOT Analysis..............................................................................................................42

Limitation........................................................................................................................42

Legal, Social and Ethical Issues............................................................................................43 7.1.

Legal Issues.....................................................................................................................43

7.2.

Social Issues....................................................................................................................43

7.3.

Ethical Issues...................................................................................................................43

Conclusion and Further Enhancements.................................................................................44 8.1.

Conclusion......................................................................................................................44

8.2.

Further Enhancement......................................................................................................44

References......................................................................................................................................45

List of Figure Figure 1Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM..........................................................11 Figure 2Block Diagram of Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM............................12 Figure 3 Block Diagram of IOT based Fire Alerting System Project...........................................13 Figure 4 Block Diagram of Door access system...........................................................................14 Figure 5 Arduino IDE....................................................................................................................15 Figure 6 V-Model..........................................................................................................................18 Figure 7 Incremental Methodology...............................................................................................19 Figure 8 Incremental Prototype.....................................................................................................19 Figure 9 Incremental Model Base..................................................................................................21 Figure 10 Arduino Uno..................................................................................................................23 Figure 11 GSM Module Sim900a.................................................................................................24 Figure 12 Flame Sensor.................................................................................................................25 Figure 13 Working Mechanism of Magnetic Switch....................................................................26 Figure 14 Jumper Wire..................................................................................................................26 Figure 15 9V Battery.....................................................................................................................27 Figure 16 LED..............................................................................................................................28 Figure 17 Buzzer............................................................................................................................28 Figure 18 Block Diagram of the project........................................................................................29 Figure 19 Flow Chart of Fire Alarm System.................................................................................30 Figure 20 Flow chart of Intrusion Detection System.....................................................................32 Figure 21 Magnetic switch interfacing with Arduino....................................................................32 Figure 22 interfacing of flame sensor with arduino.......................................................................33 Figure 23 Interfacing of GSM with Arduino.................................................................................34 Figure 24 Interfacing Buzzer with Arduino...................................................................................35 Figure 25 Overall System..............................................................................................................36

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Subject Matter: Fire Alarm System and Intrusion Detection System are especially designed for security purpose. The system is the combination of Electronics Instruments. Both systems are combined to form one system termed as “Fire Alarm System with Intrusion Detection. The project uses Arduino UNO as a main controlling system. It utilizes the analog as well as digital pin of Arduino for Input and Output interfaces with sensors and GSM. Arduino uses Arduino IDE, which is C and C++ based programming platform. Sensor used in this project are Flame Sensor, Reed Magnetic Door Switch. While GSM is used for sending the Service Message System (SMS) with an alert message in accordance with sensors detection. The project is divided into two section. One is interfacing of sensors (Flame sensor and Magnetic Switch) with Arduino and another one is interfacing of Arduino with GSM Module, Buzzer and LED. Sensor Interfacing is carried out by providing the input value of each signal to analog or digital pin of Arduino while GSM, Buzzer and LED interfacing is carried out by receiving the output signal from Arduino.

1.2. Problem Domain: Amongst the many disasters occurring in the resident area, fire is considered to be the most dangerous and recurrent tragedy which could cause massive destruction of property and life. With the quick enhancement of urban construction, the occurrence possibility of the massive fire also increases year by year in a quick ratio. According to the statistic stated by Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (JBPM), in 2016 only, almost 5500 of fire cases reported are concerned with the households followed by transportations, electrical appliances and leaking gases. As per the investigation, it was stated that the fires in the households are often causes by many common factors such as from cooking equipment, smoking inside the house, misusing of electrical appliances, candles, faulty wiring and many more. If the fire occurs when the residents are in the house, the chances to extinguish the fire is a bit high as the residents themselves can take immediate precaution from the fire to be spread all over by using fire extinguisher or call the fireman instantly. The main concern of this project is when the residents are not at home or are not aware of the existence of the fire in the house. Considering this concern, the home fire alert system is designed to alert the home residents whenever any possibilities for having fire disaster prompted in their house. Home Security system is another necessity factor that every people desired to have. Providing better lock security system makes lives stress free and convenient. In order to prevent from thief, most of the people employed watch dogs and security personals. They both serve very well for some limited time. But both of them can be easily deceived. These

failures paved way for the home security systems, which promised a perfect protection of the assets and life Intrusion Detection System is a type of control access system which control the opening and closing of the door. It is a system that is implemented on a building to keep the people and assets in the building to be safe from outsiders. The system is usually used during the activity of people entering and exiting the building.

1.3. Project as a Solution: The only way to avoid being the victim of disastrous fire are the early detection and early warning. Therefore, the requirements of placing the reliable, smart and advanced fire alarm system are important within building especially in the buildings where many people and valuable belongings are residing. Similarly, the only way to provide the better home security is getting the better door lock system. This project exhibits the heat detection system which can detects the excessive heat or flame and send alert message immediately to the user to take action immediately. Also, this project provides an alert by producing buzzer sounds and sending message if any unauthorized person opens the door and get inside the house.

1.4. Current Scenario In current scenario, we can find lots of people using fire alert and intrusion detection system in their business buildings, hospitals, schools, elderly care center, data storage center, post office, private homes to protect their lives as well as their valuable properties. But, still due to the delay in relaying the information, the level of damage is almost the same where the rate of theft, loot and burglary are steadily rising. According to the Metropolitan Police office, the valley recorded annually 531 incident of poverty crime in the fiscal year 2015\16 against 468 in the previous fiscal. Similarly, On April 09,2016 the incident that took place in Kushuwa VDC of Kapilvastu district destroyed as many as 126 hunts and animal sheds causing a damage worth Rs. 3million whereas, in Darbang village of Myagdi, a two-storage house caught fire due to a short circuit resulting in damage of Rs. 6 million worth[ CITATION Kat14 \l 1033 ].

1.5. Aims and Objectives 1.5.1. Aims: The aims of this project are as follows: a. To identify way to upload code to Arduino UNO model. b. To research and compare Arduino UNO with another platform where similar project can be done. c. Develop a prototype that can be used to reflect the main idea of the project.

d.

Evaluate the resulting system.

1.5.2. Objectives: Followings are the objectives of the project: a. To find sensor that will be necessary for completion of the project successfully. b. To design proper electric circuit that will allow the sensors and Arduino board to function as planned. c. To program the Arduino board in such a way that it can use the sensors connected to it and identify fire or intrusion and alert the property owners. d. To conduct test on whether the system functions properly or not.

1.6. Survey To analyze the product, we need to take feedback from the users. For that purposes, survey was taken from different individual. Survey included the questions regarding the precision, effectiveness and durability of the proposed product. This information allowed to improve the product to better version. The questionnaire for the survey was designed by following different rules. Some of them are listed below: a. Decision on required information b. Techniques to reach the possible clients. c. Decision on question content d. Placing the question in proper and meaningful order. e. Make the questions short and clear.

1.7. Report Structure: Besides the topic mentioned above, followings are the topics which are described as main body in this report.

1.7.1. Background Study In this section, a depth analysis of this project and how it will impact the real-life scenario of the people are included. It also lists out the hardware and software components used. Besides that, this section also includes the similar projects done by some researchers and comparison of their project work with this project.

1.7.2. Initial Designs Here, the report describes the different possible methodologies and choses one of the methodologies for further process. Similarly, the feasibility of the project is also carried out in this section by subdividing it further into economic point of view, time point of view and technical point of view.

1.7.3. Implementation: In this section, different task which is carried out for the development of the project are mentioned. Also includes the block diagram, system overview, circuit diagram, program flow, and flow chart for the better understanding of the project

1.7.4. Analysis and Review In this section, legal, Market impact and its value are analyzed and discussed. Besides that, social and ethical issues related to the developed system is also discussed.

1.7.5. Conclusion and Further Enhancements This part contains the summary of the report and includes the remaining work or any modification in the products.

1.7.6. References All the references used in the report are highlighted in this section. Referencing is performed using Harvard LMU style.

2. BACKGROUND STUDY 2.1. Overview In today’s world, being an alert of fire at home or any building as well as being an alert of someone getting inside the home is very needy one. Huge fire can be stopped, if we take care of it before spreading to a large amount by getting an alert sound or message. Similarly, everyone desires to have better home security. Nowadays different types of technological innovation have helped to develop various kinds of advanced home security system. Different types of sensors have been used to monitor the fire. Some of the sensors are flame sensor, LM35, DHT-11 and so on. But to be reliable, the system must be precise and accurate. Also, the system must contain more than one feature. That’s why, a system that monitors both fire as well as unwanted users getting inside the home, have been developed with more efficiency. As per Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) National Emergency Operation Centre statistics, 87 persons were killed and 342 injured in 2, 478 fires incidents across Nepal in 2018. Moreover, 1,857 houses were destroyed and 291 were damaged due to fires, causing a financial loss of around 3.96 billion. Within not more than one week, MoHA recorded a total of 92 fire accidents, mostly in Kathmandu Valley. Factors such as poorhandling of burning lamps & cooking gas leakage, fluctuating voltage & electric spark and overheating of electronic equipment were identified as the prime causes for fire outbreaks. According to MoHA data from 1971-2012 released in 2018, ‘fire’ is the fourth

largest fatal disaster in Nepal after epidemic, landslide, and flood. [ CITATION Nep19 \l 1033 ] Six men had broken into the house of 79-year old Lalendra Sherchan at around 11:30 am on April 10 and robbed jewellery and cash worth Rs 560,000 after tying the hands and legs of Sherchan, his wife Bhanu Devi and their domestic help Mithu Thakali. [ CITATION Nay19 \l 1033 ] This record shows that the fire disaster and rubbery have been increasing in these years rapidly making the life of people riskier. This data could be prevented or at least can be minimized if early warning has been given to the users.

2.2. Similar Projects There are many existing solutions for the fire alarm and intrusion detection system. Some of them are listed below:

2.2.1. Design of an Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM module and LM35 Temperature Sensor: N.N. Mahzan, N.I.M. Enzai, N.M. Zin and K.S.S.K.M Noh introduces a fire alert system using lm35 temperature sensor. When the LM35 detects the temperature of 40 0 C or more, it will immediately display an alert notification on LCD display and simultaneously sending an SMS alert to the users upon the high raise temperature in the house [ CITATION NNM18 \l 1033 ]

Figure 1Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM

Microcontroller Arduino UNO LM35 (Temperature Sensor)

GSM Module

LCD Display

Figure 2Block Diagram of Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM

2.2.2. IOT based Fire Alerting System Project IOT Based Fire Alerting System uses two Sensors, namely, Temperature and Smoke sensors. There is an ADC convertor, which converts the analog signals received at the sensor end to digital and then transmits them to the micro-controller, Arduino. The micro-controller is programmed to turn on the buzzer, when the temperature & the smoke reaches a threshold value. At the same time, Arduino sends the data to the Wi-Fi module ESP8266. ESP8266 is a chip which is used for connecting micro-controllers to Wi-Fi network. ESP8266 will then the following data to the IOT website, where, authorized people can take appropriate measure in order to curb the fire. a. Temperature (in Degree Celsius) b. Smoke Value (in Percentage) c. Device ID d. Date and Time Stamp Device ID is the unique ID given to a device, which would help the personnel get information related to the location, where the fire is detected. The Pre-requisite for this IOT based fire alarming system is that the Wi-Fi module should be connected to a Wi-Fi zone or a hotspot. This project is also implemented without the IOT module. In place of the IOT module, we have used GSM module, by which an SMS is triggered when the buzzer is turned ON. [ CITATION pro \l 1033 ]

Temperature Sensor

Arduino UNO

Smoke Sensor

LCD WiFi Module ESP8266

Buzzer Website Relay

Figure 3 Block Diagram of IOT based Fire Alerting System Project

2.3.3. Fire Detection in Home Automation with Arduino using IOT In this system will be implementing this using smokesensors, servo motor and LEDs. Using serv omotor willcontrol the gate (open and close), LEDs will be used tocontrol the lights of the house to turn on or off. Smoke sensor is used when the fire and LPG leakage in the home is detected then alarm will be on and PIR sensor used for security purpose if it detects then alarm will be on. The key character of the system is the capacity to remotely send an alert to a distinct number when burn or PIR sensor are detected. Entire system is connected with the help of Bluetooth in the mobile phone and controlled by an application the user is using in cell phone.[ CITATION Alo \l 1033 ]

2.2.4. Door Access System- Arduino Based The door access system helps to differentiate unauthorized and authorized people as the system only allows the authorized person to enter the building. The door access system has two main features which are: a) Keypad b) Fingerprint scanner

To operate the system, these two features are interfaced with Arduino programming and the outputs are: a) LCD display b) Magnetic switch c) Siren d) Indicator [ CITATION SHU12 \l 1033 ]

Arduino UNO

Keypad & Fingerprint scanner

LCD Display, Magnetic Switch, Siren and Indicator

Figure 4 Block Diagram of Door access system

2.3. Comparison Table Table below show the comparison between the proposed project with other similar projects done by many researchers. The main feature of this project is it can detect both fire as well as unauthorized person opening the door. Besides that, it uses flame sensor, which has more accuracy and reliability than other temperature sensor. From the table, we can see the cost for operation of this system is not so high. Everyone can afford to buy and use this system at their residential area. However, the proposed product uses GSM only for the connectivity to users. While other uses Wi-Fi connectivity as well as Bluetooth connectivity. The only aspects which is quite similar in every project is the use of buzzer for producing alerting sounds.

Features

Sensors

Fire Alarm and Design of an Intrusion Arduino-based Detection System home fire alarm system with GSM module and LM35 Temperature Sensor Flame sensor Lm35

IOT based Fire Alerting System Project

Fire Detection in Home Automation with Arduino using IOT

Door Access SystemArduino Based

LM35, Smoke Sensor,

PIR, Smoke sensor

Fingerprint sensor, Magnetic Switch

Output Device

Buzzer, LED

LCD

Connectivity

GSM

GSM

Cost of operation

Mid

Low

LCD, Buzzer, Website Esp8266 (internet), GSM High

LCD, Buzzer Siren, LED, LCD Bluetooth Module

Nothing

High

High

2.4. Technicality of the Project The main technology that are used in this project are mentioned below:

2.4.1. Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development boards. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub main () into an executable cyclic executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. The Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.[ CITATION Wik19 \l 1033 ]

Figure 5 Arduino IDE

2.4.2. C/C++ C is a high-level programming language that was developed in the mid-1970s. It was originally used for writing Unix programs, but is now used to write applications for nearly every available platform. Compared to most previous languages, C is easier to read, more flexible (can be used for a wide variety of purposes), and more efficient at using memory. C++, pronounced "C plus plus," is a programming language that was built off the C language. The syntax of C++ is nearly identical to C, but it has object-oriented features, which allow the programmer to create objects within the code. This makes programming easier, more efficient, and some would even say, more fun. Because of the power and flexibility of the language, most software programs today are written in C++. [ CITATION Tec07 \l 1033 ]

2.4.3. Libraries: Software Serial: The Arduino hardware has built-in support for serial communication on pins 0 and 1 (which also goes to the computer via the USB connection). The native serial support happens via a piece of hardware (built into the chip) called a UART. This hardware allows the Atmega chip to receive serial communication even while working on other tasks, as long as their room in the 64-byte serial buffer. The SoftwareSerial library

has been developed to allow serial communication on other digital pins of the Arduino, using software to replicate the functionality (hence the name "SoftwareSerial"). It is possible to have multiple software serial ports with speeds up to 115200 bps. A parameter enables inverted signaling for devices which require that protocol. [ CITATION Ard \l 1033 ]

3. DEVELOPMENT 3.1. Development Consideration The system development life cycle, known as the SDLC, is the industry-standard approach to managing phases of an engineering project. It is a life cycle followed by developers to efficiently plan/design and build a system. A developer can choose any one of the available SDLC model to start working on a project. For this project some of the SDLC methodologies were chosen/:

3.2. Methodology Consideration 3.2.1. V-Model The V-Model is a unique, linear development methodology used during a software development life cycle (SDLC). The V-Model focuses on a fairly typical waterfallesque method that follows strict, step-by-step stages. While initial stages are broad design stages, progress proceeds down through more and more granular stages, leading into implementation and coding, and finally back through all testing stages prior to completion of the project.[ CITATION And16 \l 1033 ] This model is also referred to as verification and validation model. In this particular model, every development phase can be directly linked with a testing phase and no

new phase can be started without completion of previous phase. This model is considered for this project because the requirement of this project is clearly defined because of which there is no need of changing requirements at later stage of development. 3.2.1.1. Reasons for consideration:  Simple and easy to use.  Testing activities like planning, test designing happens well before coding. This saves a lot of time. Hence higher chance of success over the waterfall model.  Proactive defect tracking – that is defects which are found at early stage.  Avoids the downward flow of the defects.  Works well for small projects where requirements are easily understood [ CITATION Try \l 1033 ] 3.2.1.2. Reasons for not selecting: Very rigid and least flexible. Software is developed during the implementation phase, so no early prototypes of the software are produced.  If any changes happen in midway, then the test documents along with requirement documents has to be updated.  

Figure 6 V-Model

3.2.2. Incremental Methodology In Incremental model, the whole requirement is divided into various builds. Cycles divided up into smaller, more easily managed modules. Each module passes through the requirement, design, implementation and testing phases. The process continues till all the module is fully

completed then all the module is combined together to build a complete system. [ CITATION Gur \l 1033 ] 3.2.2.1. Reasons for Selecting  The software will be generated quickly during the software life cycle  It is flexible and less expensive to change requirements and scope  Thought the development stages changes can be done  This model is less costly compared to others  A customer can respond to each building  Errors are easy to be identified

Figure 7 Incremental Methodology

3.3.

Selected Methodology- Incremental Prototyping Model

Incremental prototyping is chosen as the SDLC model for this project as the requirement of the project is very clear. Similarly, this model also highly involves the user for which the final product is somewhat more satisfying for the user. This model also makes the testing of components simpler. This model also makes the identification of risky modules easier, because of this risky module can be dealt before they can mess up with other properly working modules/components.[ CITATION Gur \l 1033 ]

Figure 8 Incremental Prototype

3.3.1. Stages of the Model The stages of the model are given below with the proper justification of what is going to happen in each stage. 3.3.1.1. Planning For the project planning, survey was conducted that could help to identify the feasibility of the project. Questionnaires were designed and distributed among ten possible clients later their reviews were collected and analyzed in order to figure out feasibility of the project. 3.3.1.2. Analysis For the analysis section of the project other similar projects were reviewed and analyzed for comparison with this project. Analysis was done with the intention of adapting new better features and discarding unwanted features. Analysis was also done keeping in mind that the project was viable from economic point of view and resource point of view. In this section the data from survey/feedback were also analyzed to understand user requirements. 3.3.1.3. Design The design section focused on preparing block diagrams, sequence diagrams, use case diagrams and flow charts which could clearly illustrate the work flow of the whole project from different perspective. 3.3.1.4. Developing During the development phase tools were utilized and circuits were designed side by side for coding the Node MCU used in the project. Libraries were also used during this phase to aid the overall development section of the project. 3.3.1.5. Testing During this phase of the project different tests were done regarding the usability of the project. This phase mainly focused to identify any possible errors that were not identified during the development phase.

3.3.1.6. Deploying During this phase the developed and tested out system was deployed at the client premises During this phase the user of the system were also clarified about the process of utilizing the features provided by the system.

Figure 9 Incremental Model Base

3.4. Feasibility Study Feasibility study is primarily used to determine viability of a project. Feasibility study helps developers to figure out whether a project or idea is technically and economically feasible. The other aspects of this study help an individual to keep an eye on each and every steps of project and make sure there will be smooth development and functional product at the end of the development. Some of the aspects analyzed prior to the completion of this project are discussed below:

3.4.1. Economic Aspects For the economic aspects, a budget estimation of each and every project is necessary. The cost estimation for the different hardware used in this project are listed below. The cost estimation of the hardware devices can be a goof place for initiating the analyzation of economic viability of the project. Table: Cost Estimation of hardware components used Hardware Device Arduino UNO

Quantity 1

Unit Price (in $) 4

Total Price ($) 4

Flame Sensor Reed Magnetic Switch GSM Module LED Buzzer Jumper Wire

1 1 1 1 1 20

0.29 3 10 0.085 0.2 0.02

0.29 3 10 0.085 0.2 0.4

Matrix Board Project Box 9V Battery

1 1 1

0.47 0.18 0.24

0.47 0.18 0.24 18.865

From the table above, we can see that the price of each hardware can be affordable and not so expensive. It can be bought with no problem for starting tasks required to complete the project

3.4.2. Time Pont of View Analyzing the feasibility of a project on basis of time so as to know whether the project will complete in schedule or not is known as feasibility study on basis of time point of view. As the requirements of this project are clear, so time should not be the main concern here. Furthermore, libraries and the similar projects available on the web can also aid the overall development of the project. So, by referencing to multiple factors, it was concluded that the project would finish on time.

3.5. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE 3.6. GHANTT CHART 3.7. MoSCoW PRIORITIZATION Must Have

Should Have

Could Have

Fire Detection Modules Intrusion Detection Modules SMS Sending Module

Fire Predication Modules Sensing the Door opened or not Good coordination with response team

Alerting Modules Alerting System Offline facilities

Won’t Have This Time Water pump for fire Distinguishing the authorized or not Information about the people opening the door

3.8. Survey To analyze the product, we need to take feedback from the users. For that purposes, survey was taken from different individual. Survey included the questions regarding the precision, effectiveness and durability of the proposed product. This information allowed to improve the product to better version. The questionnaire for the survey was designed by following different rules. Some of them are listed below:

a. Decision on required information b. Techniques to reach the possible clients. c. Decision on question content d. Placing the question in proper and meaningful order. e. Make the questions short and clear. (FAO, 1990)

4. PROJECT PROGRESS 4.1. System Design An open source software named as “Fritzing” is used for system designing. In this section, the architecture of the system is mentioned briefly. Architecture of the overall system are of two type. One is Hardware architecture and another one is Software architecture which are described below:

4.1.1. Hardware Architecture Different types of sensors were used as a hardware in this project. While for providing the output, hardware such as GSM, buzzer and LED were also used. For controlling all these input and output devices, microcontroller Arduino UNO is used. All these hardware components were mentioned below:

Arduino UNO Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a single microcontroller board. Arduino is used when there are interactions between inputs and outputs. It is used to control the output according to the inputs command such as controlling the light or motor by using a switch. The Arduino programming language uses Wiring which is an integrated development environment (IDE), and a single board microcontroller. The language can be expanded through C libraries.[ CITATION Rei \l 1033 ]

Figure 10 Arduino Uno

In this project, Arduino Uno has been used as the microcontroller board that controls the system. It is based on the ATMega328 from Atmel. The inputs and outputs are connected to Arduino UNO I/O pins and interfacing is done by using Arduino software. Figure 10 shows the front-end display of the software where program is written, verify, and upload to Arduino. Program is stored in microcontroller ATMega328 and can be edited in the future for maintenance purposes .

GSM Module SIM900A SIM900A Modem is built with Dual Band GSM/GPRS based SIM900A modem from SIMCOM. It works on frequencies 900/ 1800 MHz. SIM900A can search these two bands automatically. The frequency bands can also be set by AT Commands. The baud rate is configurable from 1200-115200 through AT command. The GSM/GPRS Modem is having internal TCP/IP stack to enable you to connect with internet via GPRS. SIM900A is an ultra-compact and reliable wireless module. [ CITATION Dhr \l 1033 ]

Figure 11 GSM Module Sim900a

In this project, GSM Module is used to send the alert message if and only if Arduino provides the signal to send the message. Alert message is for fire alarm as well as intrusion detection system. We need to store the number, to which GSM needs to send message, using Arduino IDE.

Flame Detector Sensor A flame detector sensor is designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire. Responds is in the form of voltage signal. Mostly, Responses to a detected flame depend on the installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivation a fuel line, and activating a fire suppression system.

There are different types of flame detection methods based on the medium it works. Some of them are: Ultraviolet detector, near IR array detector, Infrared (IR) detector, Infrared thermal cameras, UV/IR detector and so on. [ CITATION Dhr \l 1033 ] When the fire burns near the sensor, Photodiode (IR receiver) present inside the sensor module receives the Infra-red light emitted by fire. This light changes the voltage across the IR receiver, so that if a fire is detected, the output signal will be provided to the microcontroller. In this project, we are using an IR based flame sensor. It is based on the YG1006 sensor which is a high speed and highly sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. It can detect infrared light with a wavelength ranging from 700nm to 1000nm and its detection angle is about 600.  Flame sensor module consists of a photodiode (IR receiver), resistor, capacitor, potentiometer, and LM393 comparator in an integrated circuit. The sensitivity can be adjusted by varying the on-board potentiometer. Working voltage is between 3.3v and 5v DC, with a digital output. Logic high on the output indicates presence of flame or fire. Logic low on output indicates absence of flame or fire. Pin Description of Flame Sensor Module: Pin

Description

VCC

3.3-5V Power Supply

GND

Ground

D0

Digital Output

Figure 12 Flame Sensor

Magnetic Reed Switch A magnetic contact switch is basically a reed switch encased in a plastic shell so that you can easily apply them in a door, a window or a drawer to detect if the door is open or closed. Normally the reed is ‘open ‘(no connection between the two wires). The other half is a magnet. When the magnet is brought near, less than 13mm (0.5’’), then the reed switch closes. Figure below shows the working mechanism of Magnetic Reed Switch

Figure 13 Working Mechanism of Magnetic Switch

Jumper Wires Jumper cables are simply cabling with connector pins at each end, which allow them to connect two points without soldering each other. Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools to change a circuit easily as required. In this project male to female cables are used for connect the sensor, buzzer and to make a serial connection between GPS shield and Arduino UNO. The button was made to terminate the system while necessary.

Figure 14 Jumper Wire

Battery 9V For the power supply to Arduino, battery of 9V is used. It provides required current for Arduino for better performances of sensor connected to Arduino.

Figure 15 9V Battery

LED (Light Emitting Diode) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence. The color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device. [ CITATION Wik \l 1033 ] The light is not particularly bright, but in most LEDs, it is monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength. The output from an LED can range from red (at a wavelength of approximately 700 nanometers) to blue-violet (about 400 nanometers). Some LEDs emit infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometers or longer); such a device is known as an infrared- emitting diode (IRED). [ CITATION Tec \l 1033 ] In this project, LED is used to indicate the fire alert as well as intrusion detection alert.

Figure 16 LED

Buzzer A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. [ CITATION Wik1 \l 1033 ]

Figure 17 Buzzer

4.2. Block Diagram:

Arduino Uno

Flame Sensor

GSM Sim900a

Buzzer Magnetic Door Switch LED

Figure 18 Block Diagram of the project

Description The project consists two system. One is Fire Alarm System and another one is Intrusion Detection System. Both works parallelly to each other. From the above block diagram, we can see that Arduino is the central part of the system. While Flame Sensor and Magnetic door switch are the input device and GSM, Buzzer and LED are the output device. Flame Sensor when sense the flame or any heat under its range then, it provides input signal to Arduino Uno. Arduino then provides the signal to GSM, Buzzer and LED to send SMS to user for fire alert, producing alerting sounds like Beep Beep, and a sharp light respectively. Similarly, when someone opens the door, then the magnetic switch attached with one of the doors and magnet attached to another side of the door separates out and produces the signal to Arduino Uno. Arduino then provides high signal to GSM, Buzzer, LED to send SMS to user as Someone opened the door, producing alerting sounds like Beep Beep, and a sharp light respectively. In this way, the overall system works

4.3. Flow Chart 4.3.1. Fire Alert System Start

System Initialization

Is there any Fire?

Arduino

LED

GSM

Stop

Figure 19 Flow Chart of Fire Alarm System

Buzzer

Description: Initially, when the system starts, flame sensor sense the flame. If there is any flame within its range, then it provides the high signal to arduino. Arduino then provide high signal to GSM, buzzer and led. GSM then send message to user, buzzer then produce sound, and led produce the glowing light.

4.3.2. Intrusion Detection System

Start

System Initialization

Is door open?

Arduino

LED

GSM

Buzzer

Stop

Figure 20 Flow chart of Intrusion Detection System

Description Here, magnetic reed switch is used as a sensor. If door is opened, then magnets get separates out from magnetic switch, as a result, high signal is passes to arduino. Arduino then provide high signal to GSM, buzzer and led. GSM then send message to user, buzzer then produce sound, and led produce the glowing light.

4.4. System Design and Connection 4.4.1. Interfacing of Magnetic door switch with Arduino

Figure 21 Magnetic switch interfacing with Arduino

Working Mechanism of Magnetic Door Switch One half of the assembly is set on a window or door frame and the other attached to the window or door itself. When the switch set is separated from each other the contact is broken and triggers as alarm. When each magnet piece comes within 20mm of each other they complete the circuit with the internal reed switches. Each Magnetic Door Switch set can accept a max voltage of up to 100V at 500mA. Additionally each set is housed in durable ABS plastic and, with the included screws, can easily mount to most surfaces.

Connection pin Magnetic Switch

Arduino

Signal

7

GND

GND

4.4.2. Interfacing of Flame Sensor with Arduino

Figure 22 interfacing of flame sensor with arduino

For establishment of connection of flame sensor with arduino, only three pins are needed to work with Arduino. Sensor view is extremely important while designing the projects. And here the viewing angle of module sensor is at sixty degrees and it detects wavelength from 760nm110nm. A defective lighter was used while testing the device for spark detection and it involved several attempts to see a flame as every time the sparks from lighter caused the LED to flash. The Arduino is connected to the Flame Sensor Module via micro-controller to the flame detector. Then the Arduino Flame Detector Module Sketch uses the LED connected to Pin 13 of the serial monitor of your Arduino IDE to see the output. The sketch is then uploaded and operation of the Flame Detector Module is verified and accordingly adjust.

When the Serial Monitor is opened in the Arduino program, the flame is moved in and out of the viewing angle of the sensor. Red LED can be seen illuminating in the module along with module LED which is connected to pin 13 of Arduino light up. The project is inspired with the temptation to design it as a safety device. But it should not be used as the only source of protection, especially at the experimental level.[ CITATION Eng \l 1033 ]

Connection Pin Flame Sensor VCC GND Vin

Arduino 5V GND 4

4.4.3. Interfacing of GSM with Arduino

Figure 23 Interfacing of GSM with Arduino

We will set it up with Arduino and send simple text messages. The library can of course be used to do more things like calls etc., We will focus on setting the module the right way because we have to take care of a few things like power and reset.

Connection Pin GSM

Arduino

VCC GND Tx Rx

5V GND 9 10

4.4.4. Interfacing buzzer with arduino

Figure 24 Interfacing Buzzer with Arduino

Connection Pin Buzzer Input GND

Arduino 13 GND

4.4.5. Overall System

Figure 25 Overall System

4.5. Settings/Configuration During the development of the project, different individual test and configuration was made. Some of the configuration are

4.5.1. Arduino IDE At first, ports driver necessary for Arduino has been installed. Then we select the correct available port. After setting up the port, we need to set the board too. Following were the procedure to select the boards: ToolsBoardArduino UNO

5. Testing and Result Analysis 5.1. Testing The testing of the developed system was done individually by using the code or checking the output simply by providing the power supply to the components.

5.2. Test Plan Different test case objectives were defined at first and were set up prior to testing. These objectives were then later subjected to inspection after performing individual testing of different functionality. Test Case Number

Objective

1

To check the flame sensor detects flame or not

2.

To check magnetic switch detects the door opened or not To check GSM is working or not

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

To check gsm sends message or not if flame sensor detects the flame To check gsm send message or not if magnetic switch is open To check sound is produced or not if flame sensor detects the flame To check sound is produced or not if magnetic switch is open To check light glow or not if flame sensor detects the flame To check light glow or not if magnetic switch is open

10

To check the whether the Arduino UNO is functional Or not.

11

Compilation of system coding in Arduino UNO.

Testing Result

Test case 1: After the testing following result were observed. Objective Expected test result

To check the flame sensor Flame sensor should give value

Actual Test result Conclusion

Flame sensor give value Test completes successfully

Test Case 2: Objective Expected test result Actual Test result Conclusion

To check the magnetic switch sensor When open, it should give high value When opened, it gave value Test completes successfully

Test Case 3: Objective Expected test result Actual Test result Conclusion

To check the GSM Phone call should be made Phone call made Test completes successfully

Test Case 4: Objective Expected test result Actual Test result Conclusion

To check the GSM sending message when flame sensor detects Should give message to mobile if flame detects Gave message after detecting flame Test completes successfully

Test Case 5: Objective Expected test result Actual Test result Conclusion

To check the GSM sending message when magnetic switch is open. Should give message to mobile if magnetic switch is open Gave message after magnetic switch is open Test completes successfully

Test Case 6: Objective Expected test result Actual test result Conclusion

To check buzzer producing sound when flame sensor detects Should produce sound to mobile if flame detects Gave sound after detecting flame Test completes successfully

Test Case 7 Objective Expected test result Actual test result Conclusion

To check the buzzer producing sound or not when magnetic switch is open. Should produce sound if magnetic switch is open Produces sound after magnetic switch is open Test completes successfully

Test Case 8 Objective Expected test result Actual test result Conclusion

To check light glow or not if flame sensor detects the flame Should glow light when flame sensor detects the flame Produces yellow light after flame is detected Test completes successfully

Test Case 9 Objective Expected test result Actual test result

To check light glow or not if magnetic switch is open Should glow light when magnetic switch is open Produces yellow light after magnetic switch is open

Conclusion

Test completes successfully

Test Case 10 Objective

To check the whether the Arduino UNO is functional or not.

Expected test result Actual test result Conclusion

Test Case 11 Objective Expected test result Actual test result Conclusion

Compilation of system coding in Arduino UNO.

6. ANALYSIS AND REVIEW

6.1. SWOT Analysis 6.1.1. Strength Some of the strength of this projects are mentioned below:    

This system will help to protect the expensive property and life of people This system will help to detect the people getting inside the home This system is very helpful for those who are mostly out of home Protection from rubbery and kidnapper.

6.1.2. Weakness  It doesn’t clarify who is getting inside the home  It doesn’t clarify how much flame is there

6.1.3. Opportunity  This system through its future enhancement will allow multiple home automation functionalities

6.1.4. Threat  The system uses buzzer, which might me unpleasant sounds for other people  This system uses SMS system. So might be little bit of expensive

6.2. Limitation Due to the time limitations for the project all the services could not be developed. Such services are listed below.  Knowing the person who opens the door  Adding Water pump services. Whenever there is any fire, then through gsm, an alert sms is provided to user. User then turn on the water pump through sms and can resolve the fire.

7. Legal, Social and Ethical Issues 7.1. Legal Issues This is the final year project which is done for getting the required credit from the university. Development idea of this project does not resembles any existing system or project. It is to be sure that there is no any legal or copyright issues will be raised in the future as the total copyright of this project belongs to me. To complete this project, enough research were made with the help of internet and some books. This project leads to the development on platform android which is totally legal. All the tools used in this project are open source and any images and source codes that are used in this project are well referenced to give acknowledgement to their respective owners. And also, the source code which were extracted from some sites are well modified and used in this project. As a whole, the project has been developed without violating any rules and regulation imposed by any electronic transaction act of Nepal.

7.2. Social Issues There are not so many social issues regarding this project. Though the buzzer sound might be unpleasant to others. There are positive aspects and benefits from this project. Alerting the fire in the early stage of fire saves other houses and property too.

7.3. Ethical Issues Not being able to recognize the valid person or invalid person getting inside the house is the main concern of this project. When relatives arrive at the home and get inside the home, then they may feel embarrass by alarming.

8. Conclusion and Further Enhancements 8.1. Conclusion Everyone wants home automation with better security nowadays. This project is also one of the type of home automation project but consist two automated system. One is Fire alarm system and another one is intrusion detection system. The main purpose of this project “Fire Alert and Intrusion Detection System” is to provide the better home security. To make people feel more secure and more dependable on technologies are the main motive of this project. By using some sensor and microcontroller, I have design this project. So, the project is not so complex and every one handle and use this system properly and even can modify to make it more advance. If you are out of home and you got valuable properties inside the home. If fire get inside the house, and no one there to stop the fire from getting large, then this project definitely provides a solution as this system alert the owner before fire get large. The project was successfully completed with the help of acquired programming and a bit of electronics skills. Although the time frame was a bit limited, but also I manages to develop a prototype of Fire alerting and Intrusion detection system. From this project, we knew how GSM works and how to use it. Also, working principle of arduino were also learnt from this project. T

8.2. Further Enhancement As mention previously, the main concern of this project is unable to distinguish the valid or invalid user getting inside the locked door. This might create a bit problem. So further enhancement needs to be done. Similarly, when someone smokes near the flame sensor, then it produces an alarming sounds and sends an alert sms to users or any fire extinguishers. This creates a troubleness to users as well as fire extinguisher

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